Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutTab D1 - Traffic MethodologyKimley»>Horn Memorandum To: Collin Worth City of Miami From: Adrian K. Dabkowski, P.E., PTOE AD Cory D. Dorman, P.E. Cc: Hector Badia, P.E., City of Miami Carlos Alba, P.E., HNTB Date: July 25, 2018 Subject: Brickell City Centre Special Area Plan Modification Tobacco Road and Associated Photo Redevelopment Traffic Study Methodology The purpose of this memorandum is to summarize the traffic study methodology for the Brickell City Centre Special Area Plan (SAP) Modification to include the Tobacco Road and Associated Photo site redevelopment. Note that the original development program for the Brickell City Center Special Area Plan (SAP) has been constructed and occupied. Therefore, this traffic study will be specifically prepared for the proposed Tobacco Road and Associated Photo sites. The proposed sites are generally bounded by SW 5th Street to the north, SW 7th Street to the south, South Miami Avenue to the east, and SW 1St Avenue to the west in Miami, Florida. Currently, the Tobacco Road site proposed for redevelopment is occupied by 9,467 square feet of commercial space and the Associated Photo site proposed for redevelopment is occupied by 6,609 square feet of commercial space. Please note that the 6,609 square feet of commercial space located on the Associated Photo site is closed and not operational. Further note that the existing commercial space located on the Tobacco Road and Associated Photo sites will be demolished as part of the redevelopment. The proposed redevelopment plan includes 85,000 square feet of retail space and 1,000 high-rise condominium units. Please note that the anticipated build -out year for the Tobacco Road site is 2020 and the anticipated build -out year for the Associated Photo site is 2022. For the purposes of this analysis, a build -out year of 2022 will be utilized in the analysis for future total build -out conditions. A conceptual site plan and project location map are provided in Attachment A. The following sections summarize our proposed methodology. TRIP GENERATION Trip generation calculations for the proposed development were performed using the Institute of Transportation Engineers' (ITE) Trip Generation Manual, 10th Edition. The trip generation for the existing land use was determined using ITE Land Use Code 820 (Shopping Center). The trip generation for the proposed land uses was determined using ITE LUC 222 (Multifamily Housing [High - Rise]) and LUC 820 (Shopping Center). Please note that as the Center City Core setting is not available for LUC 820, the Dense Multi -Use Urban setting was utilized for the trip generation calculations to account for the urban setting that the proposed redevelopment is located. The City of Miami's Development of Regional Impact (DRI) Increment III provides multimodal and pedestrian reduction factors to be applied in certain areas of the city. For the study area, a multimodal reduction of 14.2 percent (14.2%) and a pedestrian reduction of 15.0 percent (15.0%) was used. It is expected that a portion of residents and patrons of the site as well as employees will utilize transit, bike, Kl m l Qy >>> H o r n Collin Worth, July 25, 2018, Page 2 or walk to and from the proposed redevelopment. Miami -Dade County Transit (MDT) provides several bus service routes in the vicinity of the site, in addition to the Metromover, Metrorail, and the City of Miami Trolley. Transit route information will be documented in the report. Internal capture is expected between the complementary land uses within the project. Internal capture trips for the project were determined based upon methodology contained in the ITE's Trip Generation Handbook, 3rd Edition. Internal capture rates of 0.7 percent (0.7%) for the A.M. peak hour trip generation and 23.2 percent (23.2%) for the P.M. peak hour trip generation are expected for the proposed redevelopment. Pass -by capture trip rates were determined based on average rates provided in the ITE's Trip Generation Handbook, 3rd Edition. The pass -by rate for the retail land use is 34.0 percent (34.0%) during the P.M. peak hour. ITE trip generation assumes a vehicle occupancy rate of 1.2 persons per vehicle; however, the City of Miami has determined that 1.4 persons per vehicle as more appropriate. Therefore, vehicular trips were reduced by 16.0 percent (16.0%) to adjust for these vehicle occupancy assumptions. The project is expected to generate 215 net new weekday A.M. peak hour vehicular trips and 175 net new weekday P.M. peak hour vehicular trips. Trip generation calculations may be revised based on revisions to the development program or site plan modifications. Detailed trip generation calculations are included in Attachment B. DATA COLLECTION A.M. (7:30 A.M. to 9:30 A.M.) and P.M. (4:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M.) peak period turning movement counts will be collected at all identified study intersections on a typical weekday (Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday). Additionally, peak period vehicle classification counts (self -park, valet, taxi/shared-ride) will be collected within the existing porte-cochere and parking garage driveway at the Axis Brickell located at 1111 SW 12th Street in Miami, Florida. All traffic counts will be adjusted to peak season conditions using the appropriate Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) peak season category factors. Turning movement counts will be collected in 15 -minute intervals during the two (2) peak periods. Turning movement counts will also include pedestrians and bicyclists. Signal timing information will be obtained from Miami -Dade County Department of Transportation and Public Works — Traffic Signals and Signs Division. All traffic data collected will be provided in the Appendix of the traffic impact study. STUDY AREA Based on the proposed development plan, the following intersections in addition to the project driveways are proposed to be analyzed: 1. South Miami Avenue and S 2nd Street 2. South Miami Avenue and S 3rd Street 3. South Miami Avenue and S 4th Street 4. SW Miami Avenue Road and SW 6th Street 5. South Miami Avenue and SE 6th Street 6. SW 1St Avenue and SW 7th Street 7. South Miami Avenue and S 7th Street 8. SW 1St Avenue and SW 8th Street 9. South Miami Avenue and S 8th Street Ki 1 l 1 l ey >>) H o r n Collin Worth, July 25, 2018, Page 3 TRIP DISTRIBUTION Trip distribution will be determined based on turning movements counts collected at the study area intersections. Additionally, the distribution will be based on an interpolated cardinal trip distribution for the project site's traffic analysis zones (TAZs) obtained from the Miami -Dade Transportation Planning Organization's (TPO) 2040 Cost Feasible Plan travel demand model 2010 and 2040 data. The trip distribution for the anticipated build -out year of 2022 was interpolated from the 2010 and 2040 data. The project is located within TAZ 584. The detailed cardinal distribution is provided in Attachment C. BACKGROUND GROWTH RATE/MAJOR COMMITTED DEVELOPMENT A background growth rate will be calculated based on historic growth trends at nearby Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) traffic count stations. Additionally, growth rates based on the MPO's projected 2010 and 2040 model network volumes will be examined. The higher of the two (2) growth rates will be used in the analysis. Documentation will be provided in the Appendix of the traffic impact study. The following committed developments have been identified to be included as part of future background conditions: • Brickell Yacht Club • Brickell City Centre North Square • Flatiron • SLS Lux • Brickell World Plaza • Edge Condo • Mega Center Brickell • Miami River Residential Tower • Project 18 CAPACITY ANALYSIS Capacity analyses will be conducted for the A.M. and P.M. peak hours at the study intersections. Intersection analyses will be performed using Synchro traffic engineering analysis software which applies the Transportation Research Board's (TRB's), Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), 2000 and 2010 methodologies. Capacity analyses will be conducted for three (3) scenarios: existing, future build -out without project (future background conditions), and future build -out with project (future total conditions). A build -out year of 2022 will be used in the analysis. The following figures will be included for the study intersections: • Existing conditions • Trip distribution • Trip assignment • Future background traffic conditions (with growth rate and committed development traffic) • Future total traffic conditions (with project) GARAGE ENTRY GATE OPERATIONS ANALYSIS An entry gate analysis will be prepared for parking garage entry points, if entry gates are provided. The entry gate queuing analysis will be prepared for the weekday A.M. and P.M. peak hours. Entry gate Ki m l Ly >M o r n Collin Worth, July 25, 2018, Page 4 queuing analysis will be conducted consistent with the procedures outlined in Parking Structures — Planning, Design, Construction, Maintenance, and Repair, 2000 and 2011. The purpose of this analysis is to determine any future queue storage deficiencies at the entry gates and provide preliminary recommendations for mitigating these deficiencies. TRANSPORTATION CONTROL MEASURES PLAN A Transportation Control Measures (TCM) Plan will be developed as Miami-Dade County provides public transit in close proximity to the project site. Additionally, other measures will be considered to encourage people to use public transportation, use bicycles and walk, use car/vanpools, and find alternatives to the typical workday hours. PEDESTRIAN EVALUATION A pedestrian routing graphic will be prepared to illustrate the expected flow of pedestrians within the vicinity of the proposed redevelopment. Pedestrian ingress/egress routes to and from the proposed redevelopment will be included as part of the graphic. DOCUMENTATION The results of the traffic analysis will be summarized in a report. The report will include supporting documents including signal timings, lane geometry, and software output sheets. The report will also include text and graphics necessary to summarize the assumptions and analysis. VALET ANALYSIS A valet operations queuing analysis will be prepared for the vehicle drop-off/pick-up areas to ensure that queues do not spill back into public right-of-way. The vehicle drop-off/pick-up areas for the valet operation will be coordinated with the City of Miami Planning Department. Trip generation estimates will be utilized to provide for the highest demand scenario. Additionally, a self-park and taxi/shared-ride trip percentage factor will be determined based on peak period vehicle classification counts collected within the porte-cochere and parking garage driveway at the Axis Brickell located at 1111 SW 12th Street, Miami to account for valet trips associated with the redevelopment. The valet operations queuing analysis will be conducted consistent with procedures described in ITE's Transportation and Land Development, 1988. A final traffic circulation figure will be prepared to illustrate the valet routes to and from the vehicle drop-off/pick-up areas. Data related to taxi trips are included in Attachment B. A technical memorandum documenting analysis assumptions and results, including the location of the valet garage and the required number of valet attendants to service the facility under highest demand conditions will be prepared. MANEUVERABILITY ANALYSIS A maneuverability analysis for the site access, parking garage, and loading vehicle access will be performed utilizing Transoft Solutions' AutoTURN software. Deficiencies related to maneuverability, traffic flow, and vehicular conflicts will be documented in a technical memorandum. K:\FTL_TPTO\043400003 - BCC Tobacco Road\Correspondence\memo\BCC Tobacco Road Traffic Study Methodology_rev.docx Attachment A Conceptual Site Plan and Project Location Map LEGEND RETAIL SERVICE RESIDENTIAL RAMPS/LOADING DOCK r 'I BCC SITE r _ � r I 1 © - i li 1 A i 1 LF_ a� -------------/----1- --------------_------- 1 ------------ ARQUITECTONICA ® 25LSWIRE PROPERTIES B R I C K E L L 0 OAK AVENUE. MIAMI FLORIDA `s?183 NSA Tel. 305. 72.1812 Fa..305.a7ame SPECIAL AREA PLAN AMENDMENT BUILDING EXCEPTIONAL VALUE O CITY CENTRE GROUNDFLOOR FLOOR PLAN A1.09A�E10" 2018 Kimley>>>Hvrn © 2018 Figure 1 Location Map Brickell City Centre SAP Modification Tobacco Road and Associated Photo Redevelopment Miami, Florida Attachment B Trip Generation Calculations R O U P 1 R O U P 2 EXISTING WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR TRIP GENERATION I ITE TRIP GENERATION CHARACTERISTICS I DISTRIBUTION I VOLUMES I REDUCTIONI'I I VOLUMES I REDUCTIONI'I I VOLUMES I CAPTURE I EXTERNAL TRIPS I CAPTURE I TRIPS I Note: I'IBased on Downtown Miami DRI Update - Increment III, a 14.2%multimotlal factor and 15.0% pedestrian factor were used. Existing Vehicle PROPOSED WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR TRIP GENERATION DIRECTIONAL GROSS MULTIMODAL GROSS PEDESTRIAN GROSS INTERNAL PASS -BY NETNEW ITE TRIP GENERATION CHARACTERISTICS DISTRIBUTION VOLUMES -11-C) 'j VOLUMES REnUCnONI'I VOLUMES CAPTURE EXTERNAL TRIPS CAPTURE TRIPS dUse Uode Kate or Equation Total: 1 131 1 246 1 318 1 14.2% 1 54 1 113 1 111 1 314 1 lb.Uh 1 49 1 95 I 18U I 1/5 I 820 Y=2.41(X) 222 LN(Y) = 0.84'LN(X)+0.65 Note: I'IBasecl on Downtown Miami DRI Update - Increment III, a 14.2% multimotlal factor and 15.0% pedestrian factor were used. K:\FTL TPTO\043400003- BCC Tobacco Roadkalcs\trip gen\AM TRIP GEN 10 Der- Multiuse Urban.xlsx: PRINT -PEAK HOUR 7!13/2018,4:09 PM Proposed Vehicle TDpsl 79 1 150 1 229 In 1 Out Total Net New Vehicle Tris 72 1 143 215 R O U P 1 R O U P 2 EXISTING WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR TRIP GENERATION I ITE TRIP GENERATION CHARACTERISTICS I DISTRIBUTION I VOLUMES I REDUCTIONI'I I VOLUMES I REDUCTIONI'I I VOLUMES I CAPTURE I EXTERNAL TRIPS I CAPTURE I TRIPS I Note: I`Based on Downtown Miami DRI Update - Increment III, a 14.2%multimotlal factor and 15.0% pedestrian factor were used. PROPOSED WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR TRIP GENERATION Existing Vehicle I ITE TRIP GENERATION CHARACTERISTICS I DISTRIBUTION I VOLUMES I—n—TlnNl'I I VOLUMES I REnllr-0) I VOLUMES I CAPTURE I EXTERNAL TRIPS I CAPTURE I TRIPS I dUse Uode Kate or Lquanon Total: I 3US 1 261 1 Stitt 1 14.2% 1 6U 1 262 1 224 1 486 1 lb.Uh 1 /3 1 LLL 1 191 1 413 1 820 Y=4.92(X) 222 LN(Y) = 0.81'LN(X)+0.6 Note: ")Based on Downtown Miami DRI Update - Increment III, a 14.2% multimotlal factor and 15.0% pedestrian factor were used. K:\FTL TPTO\043400003- BCC Tobacco Roaftalcs\trip gen\PM TRIP GEN 10 Der- Multiuse Urban.xlsx: PRINT -PEAK HOUR 7!13/2018,4:16 PM Proposed Vehicle Trips! 108 1 85 1 193 In 1 Out 1 Total Net New Vehicle Tris 1 99 1 76 1 175 Internal Capture Reduction Calculations Methodology for A.M. Peak Hour and P.M. Peak Hour based on the Trip Generation Handbook, 3rd Edition, published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers Methodology for Daily based on the average of the Unconstrained Rates for the A.M. Peak Hour and P.M. Peak Hour SUMMARY (PROPOSED) GROSS TRIP GENERATION Land Use A.M. Peak Hour Enter Exit Enter P.M. Peak Hour Exit Office Retail 80 69 146 159 ZRestaurant — Cinema/Entertainment Residential 15 111 76 32 Hotel 95 180 222 191 INTERNAL TRIPS Land Use A.M. Peak Hour Enter Exit Enter P.M. Peak Hour Exit Office 0 0 0 0 d Retail 1 0 13 35 Restaurant 0 0 0 0 Q Cinema/Entertainment 0 0 0 0 Residential 0 1 1 1 35 1 13 Hotel 0 0 0 0 1 1 48 48 Total % Reduction 0.7% 23.2% H Office dRetail 0.7% 15.7% Restaurant Cinema/Entertainment Q Residential 0.8% 44.4% Hotel EXTERNAL TRIPS Land Use A.M. Peak Hour Enter Exit Enter P.M. Peak Hour Exit Office 0 0 0 0 d Retail 79 69 133 124 Restaurant 0 0 0 0 Q Cinema/Entertainment 0 0 0 0 Residential 15 110 41 19 Hotel 0 0 0 0 94 179 174 143 Attachment C Cardinal Trip Distribution Cardinal Distribution for TAZ 584 Cardinal Trip Distribution Cardinal Direction Percentage of Trips 2022 Interpolated 2022 Rounded 2010 1 2040 North -Northeast 4.6% 17.90% 9.92% 10.00% East -Northeast 3.8% 5.00% 4.28% 4.00% East -Southeast 0.0% 1.60% 0.64% 1.00% South -Southeast 2.9% 5.00% 3.74% 4.00% South -Southwest 6.7% 6.50% 6.62% 6.00% West -Southwest 33.2% 18.10% 27.16% 27.00% West -Northwest 26.7% 24.40% 25.78% 26.00% North -Northwest 22.1% 21.50% 21.86% 22.00% Total 100.0% 1 100.0% 100.00% 100.00% K:\FTL_TPTO\043400003 - BCC Tobacco Road\calcs\distribution\Cardinal Distrbution_Rev.xls Res 321 MOBILITY OPTIONS Miami -Dade 2010 Directional Distribution Summary Origin TAZ County Regional TAZ TAZ NNE ENE ESE Cardinal Directions SSE SSW WSW WNW NNW Total 575 3475 TRIPS 166 79 10 21 39 127 163 212 817 575 3475 PERCENT 20.3 9.7 1.2 2.6 4.8 15.5 20.0 26.0 576 3476 TRIPS 1 31 1 0 0 0 10 1 0 1 8 50 576 3476 PERCENT 1 62.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 20.01 0.0 1 2.01 16.0 577 3477 TRIPS 240 137 21 10 145 375 255 273 1,456 577 3477 PERCENT 16.5 9.4 1.4 0.7 10.0 25.8 17.5 18.8 578 3478 TRIPS 0 1 3 0 25 1 3 34 578 3478 PERCENT 0.0 2.9 2.9 8.8 0.0 73.5 2.9 8.8 579 3479 TRIPS 313 157 144 120 154 113 332 357 1,990 579 3479 PERCENT 15.7 7.9 7.2 6.0 7.7 20.8 16.7 17.9 580 3480 TRIPS 329 267 214 182 214 486 427 386 2,505 580 3480 PERCENT 13.1 1 10.7 8.5 7.3 8.5 i 9.4 17.1 15.4 581 3481 TRIPS 1,304 851 415 409 655 2,186 1,497 1,583 8,900 581 3481 PERCENT 14.7 9.6 4.7 4.6 7.4 24.6 16.8 17.8 582 3482 TRIPS 0 0 10 0 11 33 21 14 89 582 3482 PERCENT 0.0 0.0 11.2 0.0 12.4 37.1 23.6 15.7 583 3483 TRIPS 705 176 168 131 165 782 821 644 3,592 583 3483 PERCENT 19.6 4.9 4.7 3.7 22-9 17.9 584 3484 TRIPS 24 20 0 15 35 174 140 116 524 584 3484 PERCENT 4.6 3.8 0.0 2.9 6.7 33.2 26.7 22.1 585 3485 PERCENT 12.5 5.2 1.3 3.2 4.7 22.1 24.8 26.2 586 3486 TRIPS 331 107 44 35 151 854 664 534 2,720 586 3486 PERCENT 12.2 3.9 1.6 1.3 5.6 31.4 24.4 19.6 587 3487 TRIPS 465 252 1 99 242 1,405 1,895 1,402 5,761 587 3487 PERCENT 8.1 4.4 0.0 1.7 4.2 24.4 32.9 24.3 588 3488 TRIPS 957 375 4 152 329 1,948 2,075 2,029 7,869 588 3488 PERCENT 12.2 4.8 0.1 1.9 4.2 24.8 26.4 25.8 589 3489 TRIPS 524 170 16 69 220 835 1,165 914 3,913 589 3489 PERCENT 13.4 4.3 0.4 1.8 5.6 21.3 29.8 23.4 590 3490 TRIPS 1,202 473 104 241 537 2,000 1,925 1,666 8,148 590 3490 PERCENT 14.8 5.8 1.3 3.0 6.6 24.6 23.6 20.5 591 3491 TRIPS 534 229 17 140 282 914 693 922 3,731 591 3491 PERCENT 14.3 6.1 0.5 3.8 7.6 24.5 18.6 24.7 592 3492 TRIPS 502 159 47 84 31 344 329 483 1,979 592 3492 PERCENT 25.4 8.0 2.4 4.2 1.6 17.4 16.6 24.4 593 3493 TRIPS 419 278 131 368 1,008 1,076 1,007 5,016 593 3493 PERCENT 14.5 8.4 5.5 2.6 7.3 20.1 21.5 20.1 594 3494 TRIPS R_" 311 100 39 132 1,275 806 1,083 4,625 594 3494 PERCENT 19.0 6.7 2.2 0.8 2.9 27.6 17.4 23.4 7- 3495 TRIPS 258 127 0 21 18 392 1 2721 399 1,487 321 MOBILITY OPTIONS 108 1 MOBILITY OPTIONS Miami -Dade 2040 Directional Distribution Summary Origin TAZ County Regional TAZ TAZ NNE ENE ESE Cardinal Directions SSE SSW WSW WNW NNW Total 575 3475 TRIPS 896 327 87 345 289 1,082 807 810 _ 575 3475 PERCENT 19.3 7.0 1.9 7.4 6.2 23.3 17.4 17.5 576 3476 TRIPS 160 55 1 13 1 50 65 1 161 1 163 193 860 576 3476 PERCENT 1 18.6 6.41 1.51 5.81 7.61 18.71 19.01 22.4 577 3477 TRIPS 260 91 60 124 118 332 403 301 1,689 577 3477 PERCENT 15.4 5.4 3.6 7.3 7.0 19.7 23.9 17.8 578 3478 TRIPS 54 13 9 36 7 59 56 50 284 578 3478 PERCENT 19.0 4.6 3.2 12.7 2.5 20.8 19.7 17.6 579 3479 TRIPS 662 265 332 333 356 1,036 703 747 4,434 579 3479 PERCENT 14.9 6.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 23.4 15.9 16.9 580 3480 TRIPS 770 618 560 461 521 981 1,088 881 5,880 580 3480 PERCENT 13.1 10.5 9.5 7.8 8.9 16.7 18.5 15.0 581 3481 TRIPS 2,502 1,493 1,062 833 869 3,909 3,020 3,055 16,743 581 3481 PERCENT 14.9 8.9 6.3 5.0 5.2 23.4 18.0 18.3 582 3482 TRIPS 127 69 45 46 40 151 165 136 779 582 3482 PERCENT 16.3 8.9 5.8 5.9 5.1 19.4 21.2 17.5 583 3483 TRIPS 1,165 482 297 270 285 1,245 1,573 1,390 6,707 583 3483 PERCENT 17.4 7.2 4.4 4.0 4.3 18.6 23.5 20.7 584 3484 TRIPS 1,766 496 153 498 638 1,788 2,407 2,127 9,873 584 3484 PERCENT 17.9 5.0 1.6 5.0 6.5 18.1 24.4 21.5 58-9 32t85 TttttS t,5to 65T 88 253 63t 2,t33 2,495 2,5 t () 585 3485 PERCENT 14.7 6.4 0.9 2.5 6.1 20.8 24.3 24.4 586 3486 TRIPS 478 164 49 56 187 857 991 927 3,709 586 3486 PERCENT 12.9 4.4 1.3 1.5 5.0 23.1 26.7 25.0 587 3487 TRIPS 484 369 13 80 226 2,096 2,473 2,038 7,779 587 3487 PERCENT 6.2 4.7 0.2 1.0 2.9 26.9 31.8 26.2 588 3488 TRIPS 1,224 556 19 183 326 2,232 3,211 2,275 10,026 588 3488 PERCENT 12.2 5.6 0.2 1.8 3.3 22.3 32.0 22.7 589 3489 TRIPS 577 207 38 141 159 834 1,144 999 4,099 589 3489 PERCENT 14.1 5.1 0.9 3.4 3.9 20.4 27.9 24.4 590 3490 TRIPS 3,198 1,033 342 313 794 3,498 4,224 3,641 17,043 590 3490 PERCENT 18.8 6.1 2.0 1.8 4.7 20.5 24.8 21.4 591 3491 TRIPS 1,889 893 111 199 538 1,912 2,518 2,387 10,447 591 3491 PERCENT 18.1 8.6 1.1 1.9 5.2 18.3 24.1 22.9 592 3492 TRIPS 734 536 218 154 203 579 834 799 4,057 592 3492 PERCENT 18.1 13.2 5.4 3.8 5.0 14.3 20.6 19.7 593 3493 TRIPS 1,294 809 376 169 329 1,397 1,866 1,824 8,064 593 3493 PERCENT 16.1 10.0 4.7 2.1 4.1 17.3 23.1 22.6 594 3494 TRIPS 2,143 868 169 109 240 1,770 1,775 2,082 9,156 594 3494 PERCENT 23.4 9.5 1.9 1.2 2.6 19.3 19.4 22.7 3495 TRIPS 554 199 0 31 55 302 1 405 1 468 2,014 108 1 MOBILITY OPTIONS