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Home My WebLink AboutExhibit AWOOD FRAME VERNACULAR RESIDENCES OF COCONUT GROVE VILLAGE WEST MULTIPLE PROPERTY DESIGNATION f,w Historic and Environmental Preservation Board 4F� ti w i�aee uE City of Miami � oeQ REPORT OF THE CITY OF MIAMI PRESERVATION OFFICER, WARREN ADAMS, TO THE HISTORIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION BOARD ON THE FINAL DESIGNATION OF WOOD FRAME VERNACULAR RESIDENCES IN COCONUT GROVE VILLAGE WEST AS A MULTIPLE PROPERTY DESIGNATION Prepared By: Vickie Toranzo Historic Preservation Planner Warren Adams Preservation Officer Reviewed By: Wendy Sczechowicz Historic Preservation Planner Submitted: June 18, 2018 Passed and Adopted On: Resolution Number: 2 Contents I. General Information............................................................................... 4 II. Statement Of Significance....................................................................... 5 III. Description............................................................................................16 IV. Application of Criteria............................................................................ 19 V. Planning Context................................................................................... 20 VI. Bibliography...........................................................................................21 VII. Photographs..........................................................................................24 VIII. List of Properties......................................................................................25 IX. Map......................................................................................................27 3 I- General Information Historic Names: Kebo, West Coconut Grove, West Grove, Village West Architectural Period of Significance: 1911-1941 Location: Present Owner: Present use: Zoning: Fnlin Nn. - Coconut Grove Multiple Owners Residential Various See attached list. Boundary: Percival to the north, Mac Donald Street and Main Highway to the east, Jefferson Street to the west, and Marler Avenue to the south. 4 II- Statement of Significance Coconut Grove Village West is one of the longest continuous communities within the City of Miami. Many of its residents are descendants of the area's Bahamian pioneering families and Southern African Americans, both of which came to Miami in search of employment opportunities. Working as domestics, laborers, chauffeurs, farm workers, tour guides, construction workers, and more, they served as the backbone in the development of Coconut Grove, the greater Miami area, and Coral Gables. They resided in the wood frame vernacular residences that are part of this designation. As such, these buildings are significant as they are associated with a community that has existed for 140 years. In his publication, Black Immigrants: Bahamians in early twentieth-century Miami, historian Raymond A. Mohl states, "Unlike the rest of the British West Indies, plantation agriculture was never very successful or profitable in the Bahamas. Only about two per cent of the total Bahamian land area of about 4,000 square miles was considered suitable for crops. Most nineteenth century' Bahamians earned a livelihood from the sea or from subsistence agriculture. By the 1830s, black and white Bahamians were beginning to migrate to the Florida Keys, especially Key West, where they worked in fishing, sponging, and turtling. The distance was short, and jobs in Florida paid cash wages. Facing meager economic prospects at home, free Bahamian blacks found better employment opportunities in Key West."' One of the earliest Bahamian s to come to Miami was Mariah Brown. Born in Eleuthera, Bahamas, she migrated to Key West during the 1880s. Sometime between 1885 and 1890 she relocated to Coconut Grove where she was hired by Charles Peacock to work at the Peacock Inn.2 According to Miami historian Dr. Paul George, she informed her husband, Ernest, of the job opportunities available. Shortly thereafter, he ventured to Coconut Grove. Seeking employment opportunities, other Bahamian s followed.3 Mariah Brown and the other Bahamian settlers purchased parcels of land from homesteader Joseph Frow for $50 a parcel. Within walking distance of the Peacock Inn, a settlement known as Kebo was established along what is known today as Charles Avenue.4 According to Miami historian, Arva Parks Moore, Kirk Munroe named the developing community Kebo.5 The name Kebo was derived from the highest peak of Mt. Kilimanjaro.6 Parks Moore further explains, members of the Kebo community would have daytime baptisms in front of the Barnacle. Further, she argues, despite I Mohl, R.A. (2009). Black immigrants: Bahamians in the early twentieth-century Miami. Tequesta, volume 1, (number 69). Retrieved from http://dpanther.diu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/Fl18050900/00069, p. 8 2 Day, J. S., & Eaton, S.E. (1995). Report of the City of Miami Preservation Officer to the Historic and Environmental Preservation Board on the Designation of the Mariah Brown House as a Historic Site. Miami, FL: City of Miami Plannign Deaprtment. p.5 3 Miccosukee Magazine. (2002) Episode 352. History of Coconut Grove by Dr. Paul George. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIDPEYpA4UQ 4 Day, J.S., & Eaton, S.E. p. 5. 5 Parks Moore, Arva. (2010). Mary Barr Munroe, 1852-1922: South Florida's pioneer zealot. In L. E. Rivers & C. Brown Jr. (Eds.), The varieties of women's experiences: Portraits of southern women in the post -civil war century. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. 6 Miccosukee Magazine. segregation, the founding pioneers of the white and black communities had a close relationship.? Another pioneer who contributed to the development of the community was Ebenezer Woodbury Franklin Stirrup (E.W.F. Stirrup). The pioneer migrated to South Florida in 1888, and moved to Coconut Grove in 1899, where he constructed his family home and upwards of 100 small wooden framed houses, which he made available for purchase to the newly arriving Bahamian s. Some of these structures remain and are included as part of this designation.8 Unlike Mariah Brown and E.W.F. Stirrup, Alice Burrows inherited the land on which her house was built. Little is known about the pioneer, except that she was a laundress and a close friend of Mary Burr Munroe, who upon her death bequeathed a parcel of land on which Burrows had been residing. According to an article in the Miami News, Munroe's will stated that if her husband, Kirk Munroe, not have survived her, Burrows was to inherit half of her estate.9 The arrival of Bahamian s was crucial to the development of Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, and Miami. George E. Merrick, founder of the City of Coral Gables, former President of the Historical Association of Southern Florida, and one of the founders of the University of Miami wrote in 1941: "Through the 7O's, 8O's, and right through the 189O's, they were practically the only available workers, the Georgia Negroes did not come in any volume until after 1900, after the coming of the railroad. In this West Indian period all of our heavy laborers were Bahaman Negroes. I believe these Bahaman Negroes had a most distinct and important influence, in that they brought inspiration to many of the first English, French, Northern and Southern planters; to all of those early settlers who at first were skeptical of the coral -rocky country, forbidding and desolate from the planting standpoint. In the Bahamas there is the same coral rock; and the Bahaman Negroes knew how to plant on it; and how to use it: and they knew too that all kinds of tropical trees would grow and thrive on this rock. They, too, had a vital influence upon our civilization in bringing in their own commonly used trees, vegetables and fruits. Soon these supplemented all those that had been brought in by the Bahaman whites - the sea -living Conchs. Such things were introduced as the pigeon pea, soursop, star -apple, sugar -apple, Jamaica apples, and all the anons - caneps, sapotes, and dillies. These fruits can still be found in best profusion in the Bahaman colored village in Coconut Grove (which was first called Monrovia, and which was the first Bahaman Negro settlement on the Bay) and also in their villages at old Lemon City, Cutler, and Perrine. These Negroes had built their homes in their own island of the coral - rock, and they brought here their skill in masonry building. Today, some of the oldest buildings in Coconut Grove and old Cutler are of the same construction which has been in use for one hundred and fifty years in the Bahamas. Built without cement with only the native lime mortar, these houses have withstood the countless hurricanes of the Bahamas! This knowledge of building with the native coral 7 Parks, Arva Moore. (2010). Coconut Grove (Images of America). Charleston, SC: Arcadia. p. 31 "Eaton, S.E and Uguccioni, E. J. (2044). Report of the City of Miami Preservation Officer to the Historic and Environmental Preservation Board on the Designation of the E.W.F. Stirrup House as a Historic Site. Miami, FL: City of Miami. 9 Unknown. (1922, November). Relatives are well remembered in will Mrs. Mary C. Munroe. The Miami News. P. 14 ri limestone came with Bahaman Negroes, as did so much other valuable knowledge and experience in the building of walls, roads, other uses of the coral; and uses of the land, and of the sea."10 In her autobiography, native and longtime resident of Coconut Grove Village West, Thelma Gibson states, "Much of the vegetation was planted by the hands of the Colored men who brought so much of it from the Bahamas. The palm and coconut trees were natural. The flowers, such as the hibiscus, bougainvillea, crotons and roses, were prolific in the Bahamas."11 Another Bahamian valuable contribution to South Florida was architecture in the form of wood frame vernacular homes. The function of the homes was to give shelter as all activities were conducted outdoors which allowed for close interaction within the community; Esther Mae Armbrister said: "When people were married once upon a time, they would march. One woman lived on William Avenue and she marched in her wedding gown from her house all the way around Hibiscus with her wedding party. They used to walk in the streets from their house to the church or wherever it was they were going to get married. They walked the streets with someone holding their gown. You would look out the window and see the whole wedding party go by. One time two sisters got married - they lived down on Charles Avenue - and they walked from across the street to their house and got married on the front porch. The street was blocked off. Then they had a party, and all the food you would want." This behavior can be explained by the cultural tradition inherited by their ancestral West Africans; Denise Andrews says on her essay (The Bahamian Influence on the South Florida Shotgun House): "The history of African people suggests that members of a community were families, or clans - a single lineage. The communities basically were composed of one head of household and the extended family members of the household -which could be hundreds of people. Compounds were created so that families could live together communally. Traditionally there was no concept of privacy or single mindedness as we know today. Family and family life was central, intimate and communal."12 As the community known as Kebo expanded, Southern African Americans migrated to the area in search of employment. According to Dr. Marvin Dunn, there was friction between the newly arriving African Americans from Georgia and the Bahamian community.13 In the film The Black Miami, Arva Parks Moore, local Miami native historian, explains that while they shared a common history in slavery, the Bahamian s and 10 Merrick, G.E., (1941). Pre-Flagler influences on the lower Florida east coast. Tequesta, volume one, (number one). p.5. 11 Gibson, T. A. (2000). Forbearance: The life story of Thelma Vernell Anderson Gibson, a Cocoanut Grove Native. Homestead, FL: Helena Enterprises, Incorporated. p 35. 12 Andrews, D. (n.d.) The Bahamian influence on the South Florida shotgun house. Retrieved from http://www.kislakfoundation.org/millennium-exhibit/andrewsl.htm 13 Williams, M. (Producer & Director), & Smith, C. (Producter & Director). (2014). The Black Miami. [Motion picture]. United States: Sundicado. African Americans from the South didn't relate because slavery had been abolished earlier in the BahamaS14, which abolished slavery in 183415, while the United States abolished slavery 30 years later in 1865. When discussing what she refers to as the Southern Migration, Dr. Joanne Hyppolite, former chief curator of HistoryMiami and current curator at the National Museum of African American History Culture, explained that, just like the Bahamian s, African Americans from Alabama and Georgia came to Miami in search of employment. They worked building streets, on people's homes, the railroad, and on farmland.16 Despite their initial friction, the Southern African Americans lived and married within the settlement that had established itself along Evangelist Street, which today is known as Charles Avenue. "Citing that it was too difficult to bring in supplies or truck their crops over the existing footpath they asked for a road. When the request was denied, they gathered loose coral -rock, loaded their wagons one moonlit night and dumped the rock where they thought the road should be."17 Evangelist Street was officially born, and soon the little village would thrive. "Town officials relented and soon the road was extended to where Hibiscus Street intersects today. Charles Avenue is narrow and out of line, especially when viewed from its entrance on Main Highway, because it was laid out by homesteaders and not surveyors." 18 Soon Charles Avenue became the spine of the community, Esther Mae Armbrister, remembered as interviewed by William Labbee in 1991: "Back then they called Charles Avenue by the name Evangelist Street, until they named it in the late Twenties after an early settler called Charles Frow. But this street was it. It was the main drag. It was the hopping place to be, William Avenue to the north was a back street, nothing but a cow path for years and years. Both Charles and Franklin, the next one over to the south, were rocky, rocky, rocky, nothing but crushed rock - they used to call Franklin Rocky Road, when I came here; they had eventually gotten `round to tarring them." 19 She further recalled, "All the business, everything was right here on Charles Avenue. Old Man Joe Major had a bicycle shop. Old Man Stirrup had a grocery store. There was a soda shop and ice cream parlor. And then they had a Cleaner's, belonged to Old Man Summons. He died last year; I didn't even know it. Father Culmer had a pressing club - 14 Ibid. 15 The National Archives. (n.d.) Abolition of slavery. Retrieved from http://www.nationaIarchives.gov.uk/slavery/about.htm 16 Williams, M. & Smith, C. 17 Cave, Donald H. "Grove's Charles Avenue." Miami News. January 5, 1971, Sec. A. 16 18 ibid. 19 Labbee, W. (1991). Black Grove feature. Miami New Times. Retrieved from http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/black-grove-feature-6365177 a cleaner's - before he was a priest. He also was an organist at Christ Episcopal Church. After he got married and moved to Overtown and he became a priest at St. Agnes."20 Evangelist Street received its name due to the multiple churches that were established along its path. Formerly known as, St. Agnes Baptist Church, it is the oldest congregation in South Florida. It was founded in 1891 as the Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church, and held services at the Union Chapel. In 1895 Jean D' Hedouville gave the members of the Fifty -Six Baptist Church a tract of land on Thomas Avenue to build their church, named St. Agnes. In 1903 the church relocated to Charles Avenue. In 1948, the congregation moved its current location at 3515 Douglas Road. 21 Christ Episcopal Church was founded by the Bahamian settlers of Coconut Grove on March 24, 190122. The original church building was constructed on the corner of Hibiscus Street and William Avenue. In 1910 the neighboring lot was bought and the church was moved to its current location23. The original church building was converted into a Sunday school building. In 1911, St. Alban's Industrial School moved from Key West to the building that housed the Sunday school. The school held classes for the children of the new Bahamian community. St. Alban's provided an education nine months of the year in "...academia, music, Bible study, as well as training in the trades, such as home economics, needlework, and furniture repair."24 The current church, located at 3481 Hibiscus Street, was designated by the City of Miami as a Historic Site in 2011. On April 27, 1896, Reverend Jeremiah H. Butler, along with approximately twelve other members, whom had withdrawn their membership from St. Agnes Church due to cultural differences, founded Greater St. Paul A.M.E. Church. Members of the church included Pastor Butler, Brothers J.P. Brookins and Walter Burrows, Murray Burrows, J.W. Gibson, William Counts Blackshear, James W. Williams, and Theodore McCloud. According to their website, the same year the church established what would become known as the a first black school, Dade County Training School.25 In 2011 it served 3,000 community residents. When the Church was founded in 1896, it served 300 community residents.26 Founded in 1916 by Bahamian settlers, St. James Baptist Church of Coconut Gove was established during the peak of the Ku Klux Klan era. Originally called Second Baptist Church, but was changed to St. James Missionary Baptist Church by Reverend Samuel Higgs. The brick building they constructed in 1926 was destroyed by the hurricane that 20 Ibid. 21 Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church, Inc. (2015). About Us. Retrieved from httr)://www.macedoniambcmiami.com/about-the-church 22 Christ Episcopal Church. "Who We Are" 2017. Retrieved from http://chrepch.org/?page id=24 23 Ibid. 24 Ibid. 25 Greater St. Paul A.M.E. (2007). GPS Church history. Retrieved from http://www.greaterstpaulame.com/church_2_003.htm 26 Del Reigon, E. (2011, April 11). Greater Saint Paul AME celebrates 115 years of service. Miami Herald, Retrieved from http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/coconut-grove/article l 937968.html devastated Miami, but they would not be defeated and began construction of a new building next year. But in 1935, the church was partially destroyed by another hurricane, but just as before, the parishioners overcame.27 The multiplicity of churches indicates the role they played in the community. In an interview with Roshan Nebrhrajani, Coconut Grove native Thelma Gibson states, "Most of my activities also surrounded around the church, because most people were involved with the church. We went to Sunday school activities"28 "Back in the day, the church is where the majority of blacks went to find solace in a time of turmoil and injustice. It was a place where neighbors met for fellowship and social gatherings; a place for Sunday afternoon picnics and potluck dinners; where friendships were made and nurtured for years."29 Today, descendants of the pioneering families continue to have reunions. In 2016, a reunion was held in Miami. The family names for those in attendance included Barry, Bethel, Cash, Cleare, Curry, Fisher, Grant, Higgs, Johnson, Major, Roberts, Saunders, Sawyer, Stirrup, Sweeting, and Walker. According to the Miami Herald, there were upwards of 90 cousins in attendance. They traveled from Harbour Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, Tampa, Jacksonville, and Orlando to be part of the momentous event.30 These gatherings are a testament to the connectivity of the pioneer families that are associated with the wood frame vernacular structures within Coconut Grove Village West. Using city directories and census data, the Preservation Office has identified that the residents, whether renters or owners, were of Bahamian and Southern African American origins and decent. While the criteria for designation of the wood frame vernacular residences does not include their association with someone significant in the past, it is important to point out how their residents contributed to the establishment of the community and their contributions not only to the local community, but the greater Miami area. 27 Hines, B. L. (2015, Dec ember2l). Neighbors in religion: Coconut Grove church readies for 100th anniversary celebration. Miami Herald. Retrieved from http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/community- voices/article50943305.html 28 Nebhraiani, R. (2016, May 22.) Thelma Gibson looks back on 90 in West Grove. The New Tropic. Retrived from https://thenewtropic.com/thelma-gibson/ 29 Hines, B. L. (2015, December 21). Neighbors in religion: Coconut Grove church readies for 100th anniversary celebration. Miami Herald. Retrieved from http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/community- voices/article50943305.html 30 Jenkins Fields, D. (2016, August 1 1). Descendants of families from Liberia hold Miami reunions. Miami Herald. Retrieved from. http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/community-voices/crticle95123427.html 10 Pictures: 3242 Charles Ave f°"' Located on historic Charles Avenue, this two story wood frame home was the residence of Ebenezer Woodbury Franklin Stirrup, his wife Charlotte Jane, their children, and multiple generations thereafter. Stirrup migrated to South Florida in 1888, and moved to Coconut Grove in 1899, where he constructed his family home and upwards of 100 houses for the newly arriving Bahamian s. A self-made millionaire, Stirrup died in 1957 at the age of 84.31 31 Eaton, S.E and Uguccioni, E. J. (2004). Report of the City of Miami Preservation Officer to the Historic and Environmental Preservation Board on the Designation of the E.W.F. Stirrup House as a Historic Site. Miami, FL: City of Miami Planning Department 11 3250 Charles Ave This was the home of Alice and Walter Burrows. Upon her death, Mary Burr Munroe bequeathed the parcel of land on which Burrows had been residing. According to an article in the Miami News, Munroe's will stated that if her husband, Kirk Munroe, not have survived her, Burrows was to inherit half of her estate.32 32 Unknown. 12 3447 William Ave The community referred to the two-story residence as the "Bullard House." A review of City Directories, United States Federal Census records, and Deeds, indicates the Bullard Family lived in the home for multiple decades and owned it since its construction. 13 3587 Hibiscus Street This home was built by the Sturrup family. One resident was Verneka Sturrup Silva who was "the first African American in Miami to receive a Masters in Social Work, the first African American to become a principle at Coral Gables Senior High, the first African American to chair the Metro Dade Community Relation Board, and the first African American woman to become the Diocese of Southeast Florida Standing Committee. First Black female to be appointed Assistant Principal for Secondary Administration in the Dade County Public School System."33 33 AT&T Miami -Dade County African-American History Calendar 2005/2006. (2005). Sturrup, Verneka Silva. Retrieved from http://www.theblackarchives.org/archon/index.php?p=digitallibrary/digitalcontent&id=206 14 3517 Hibiscus Street During the 1920s, William and Estelle Counts, founders of St. Paul AME Church, built their family home. The home continues to be owned by the Counts family. 15 III- Description Frame Vernacular, as defined by the City of Miami Preservation Office Historic Design Guidelines, refers to a simple wood frame building, which is the product of the builder's construction experience, available resources at the time, and the surrounding environment. These structures are typically rectangular, of balloon frame construction, and rest on piers. They are one or two stories in height, with one-story front porches, and gabled or hipped roofs with overhanging eaves. Horizontal weatherboard and drop siding are the most common exterior wall materials although there are also examples of stucco exterior walls. Some early buildings feature vertical board and batten siding or wood shingles, while asbestos shingles are common to post -1930s construction. Wood double -hung sash windows are typical. Ornamentation is sparse, but may include shingles, corner boards, porch columns, brackets, rafter tails, vents in the gable ends, and oolitic limestone detailing. A Shotgun House is a style of Wood Frame Vernacular Residence with particular design characteristics. Shotguns are narrow rectangular one-story wood frame structures with a front porch. Built on piers, they have gabled or hipped roofs and horizontal weatherboard or drop siding. The front fagade normally contains a doorway on one side and a window on the other. Wood double -hung sash windows are typical and ornamentation consists of decorative woodwork on doors, porches, and under the eaves34. Most are freestanding structures; however, there are examples of two Shotguns joined together at the rear. Internally, they are typically one room wide with the rooms placed back to back. These narrow structures can be accommodated on a small lot or a half -lot. The origin of Shotgun Houses has been much debated. Some scholars note similar forms in the West Indies and trace them to early Haitian influences in New Orleans where they became popular with freed slaves migrating to the south after the Civil War. Others believe they are the one -room -deep, hall -and -parlor plan of the South turned sideways to fit on narrow urban lots35. The Shotgun drew its name from its long rectangular shape as supposedly a shotgun blast could travel through the building without hitting a wall. The buildings included in the Multiple Property Designation are all wood frame structures that contain the above elements to varying degrees. Some also include features not mentioned above such as a chimney or dormer windows. 34 Weaver, P. L. (n.d.) Model guidelines for design Review: A guide for developing standards for historic rehabilitation in Florida communities. Tallahassee, FL: State of Florida. 35 McAlester, V. S., & McAlester, L. (2002). A field guide to American houses. New York, NY: Knopf. 16 All of the structures surveyed for inclusion in the Multiple Property Designation have been altered to some extent. These alterations range from minor works that do not significantly affect the integrity or character of the structure to more extensive works which may have some impact on a structure's character. Some examples of minor exterior alterations include reroofing, the replacement of doors and windows, the replacement of damaged siding with siding of a differing profile, the infilling of foundations, the removal or addition of ornamentation, and the installation of shutters and awnings. Properties that have been subjected to minor alterations have been included in the Multiple Property Designation as the structures still retain their historic character, design details, and much of their integrity. One common alteration undertaken to a number of the properties surveyed is the enclosure of the front porch. While this has some impact on the appearance of the structures, this has been a common practice for many years and, when undertaken correctly, this is an appropriate alteration which, in some cases, are historically and culturally significant elements of the structures. The appropriate method of enclosing the front porch is to use wood siding which is both historically accurate and compatible with the Frame Vernacular style. Structures that have enclosed porches undertaken in this way have been included in the Multiple Property Designation. There are examples of structures where the front porch has been enclosed using brick or block. These materials are historically inaccurate and, when added to the front elevation, they are incompatible with the Frame Vernacular style. Structures that have been altered in this way have been excluded from the Multiple Property Designation. Several of the structures surveyed have been altered by the construction of an addition. Appropriate additions (with the exception of added front porches) are to the rear of the historic structure and do not significantly impact the historic structure. Additions may be constructed of concrete block and stucco as they are to the rear and this differentiates the original structure from the addition. Structures with appropriate additions that meet these criteria have been included in the Multiple Property Designation while those with additions that do not meet these criteria have been excluded. A small number of structures surveyed have been altered by the replacement of the wood siding or stucco with an inappropriate material such as brick. These alterations negatively impact the structures through the removal of a character -defining feature of the Frame Vernacular style. Structures that have undergone this type of alteration have been excluded from the Multiple Property Designation. In addition to retaining historical, architectural, and cultural significance and meeting the criteria for designation as described in Section IV of this report, the structures 17 included in the Multiple Property Designation must retain some degree of integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. To possess integrity, each property must retain several of these aspects. The subject properties retain a high level of integrity with regard to location and setting as they remain on their original sites within residential areas. The structures also retain high levels of integrity with regard to design, materials, and workmanship as, although some alterations have been taken place, this work has been undertaken sensitively using appropriate materials and methods and therefore has not significantly impacted the design. Feeling is a property's expression of the historic sense of a particular period of time resulting from the presence of physical features that, taken together, convey the property's historic character. As the properties retain integrity of setting, design, materials, and workmanship, they convey the feeling of residential life in the Coconut Grove Village West community in the early twentieth century. The properties also retain a high level of integrity with regard to association as all are associated with the establishment and continued settlement and development of Coconut Grove Village West by Afro- Bahamians, African-Americans from the South, and their descendants. 18 IV- Application of Criteria for Designation The "Wood Frame Vernacular Residences of Coconut Grove Village West Multiple Property Designation" is eligible to be designated as a historic district by the City of Miami for having significance in the historical, cultural, aesthetic, and architectural heritage of the city, and possessing integrity of design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association; and for meeting the following criteria: 1. Exemplify the historical, cultural, political, economic, or social trends of the community; The Wood Frame Vernacular Residences of Coconut Grove Village West Multiple Property Designation exemplify the historical, cultural, and social trends of the community. The community that these buildings are associated with was established 140 years ago and continues today. They contributed to the development of Coconut Grove, Miami, and Coral Gables. The community's Bahamian and Southern American roots influenced the style of architecture and construction. And finally, the design of the residences impacted the way they socialized. 2. Portray the environment in an era of history characterized by one or more distinctive architectural styles; Coconut Grove Village West contained wood frame vernacular residences that were influenced by the Bahamas and the Southern United States. Historically, this style of architecture was found within other Bahamian and Southern African American neighborhoods including Lemon City and Overtown. 3. Embody those distinguishing characteristics of an architectural style, period, or method of construction; The Wood Frame Vernacular Residences of Coconut Grove Village West Multiple Property Designation reflects the architectural trends within Coconut Grove Village West during the period between 1910s and 1940s. They retain sufficient integrity to convey their historic character and construction. 19 V- Planning Context Setting The subject properties are located within the Coconut Grove Village West portion of Coconut Grove. The boundaries are percival to the north, Mac Donald Street and Main Highway to the east, Jefferson Street to the west, and Marler Avenue to the south. The area is part of the Neighborhood Conservation District - 2 (NCD -2) and the Coconut Grove NET Office. With the exception of a few properties, the residences are one story with front porches. The residences are single family homes and duplexes. Some parcels contain two, three, or four structures. Incentives Historic district designation will ensure that the neighborhood retains original Bahamian architecture. Design review of new construction that may be built on the parcels will assist in maintaining the aesthetic harmony. Further, for owners of single-family residences as well as income producing properties there is an ad valorem tax incentive for improvements in both Miami and Miami -Dade County. The Preservation Fund, established by the Arts in Public Places program, will provide grants to low income households in order to ensure maintenance of the structures. Designation also provides zoning and building relief which is intended to preserve the buildings. There are current plans to expand the Omni Community Redevelopment Authority in Coconut Grove to create affordable housing. These funds would offer financial assistance. 20 VI- Bibliography Andrews, D. (n.d.) The Bahamian Influence on the South Florida shotgun house. Retrieved from http://www.kislakfoundation.ora/millennium-exhibit/andrewsl.htm AT&T Miami -Dade County African-American History Calendar 2005/2006. (2005). Sturrup, Verneka Silva. Retrieved from http://www.theblackarchives.org/archon/index.php?p=digitaIlibrary/digitaIcontent&id =206 Christ Episcopal Church. (2017) Who We Are. Retrieved from http://chrepch.org/?page_id=24 Miccosukee Magazine. (2002) Episode 352. History of Coconut Grove by Dr. Paul George. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIDPEYpA4UQ City of Miami, Florida. Tax Cards 5-55-1661. Mac Farlane Homestead. City of Miami, Florida. Tax Cards 5-56-1691. Mac Farlane Homestead. City of Miami, Florida. Tax Cards 5-56-1750. Frow Homestead Amended. City of Miami, Florida. Tax Cards 5-56-1751. St Albans Park. City of Miami, Florida. Tax Cards 5-56-1891. Frow Homestead. City of Miami, Florida. Tax Cards 5-56-2111. Frow Homestead. City of Miami, Florida. Tax Cards 5-56-2389. Frow Homestead. City of Miami, Florida. 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United States: Sundicado. 23 VII- Photographs On file with the City of Miami Planning Department. 24 VIII- List of Properties FOLIO ADDRESS CITY ZIP ZONING YEAR 0141210075420 3242 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5802 T4 -L 1930 0141210075411 3250 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5802 T3 -R 1932 0141210075130 3297 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5801 T3 -R 1939 0141210075130 3295 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5801 T3 -R 1939 0141210075370 3298 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5802 T3 -R 1932 0141210075100 3325 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5803 T3 -R 1936 0141210075270 3388 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5804 T3 -R 1936 0141210075260 3418 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5806 T3 -R 1930 0141210075250 3420 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5806 T3 -R 1930 0141210074310 3427 SW 37 AVE Miami 33133-5705 T3-0 1925 0141210120641 3447 WILLIAM AVE Miami 33133-5835 T3 -R 1934 0141210074740 3475 HIBISCUS ST Miami 33133-5717 T3 -R 1937 0141210074740 3477 HIBISCUS ST Miami 33133-5717 T3 -R 1937 0141210076120 3508 HIBISCUS ST Miami 33133-5720 T3 -R 1911 0141210075170 3517 HIBISCUS ST Miami 33133-5719 T3 -R 1920 0141210076140 3536 WILLIAM AVE Miami 33133-5729 T3 -R 1929 0141210076240 3537 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5713 T3 -R 1930 0141210075490 3566 THOMAS AVE Miami 33133-5735 T3-0 1937 0141210077120 3571 HISBISCUS ST Miami 33133-5702 T3 -R 1935 0141210077120 3571 R HISBICUS ST Miami 33133-5702 T3 -R 1935 0141210077120 3573 HIBISCUS ST Miami 33133-5702 T3 -R 1935 0141210076360 3588 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5714 T3 -R 1935 0141210076360 3586 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5714 T3 -R 1935 0141210076360 3541 PLAZA ST Miami 33133-5725 T3 -R 1935 0141210076360 3543 PLAZA ST Miami 33133-5725 T3 -R 1935 0141210077050 3587 HIBISCUS ST Miami 33133-5702 T3 -R 1935 0141210076380 3589 FRANKLIN AVE Miami 33133-5715 T3 -R 1934 0141210076380 3593 FRANKLIN AVE Miami 33133-5715 T3 -R 1934 0141210076110 3603 CHARLES AVE Miami 33133-5703 T3 -R 1928 0141210075650 3616 THOMAS AVE Miami 33133-5710 T3-0 1923 0141210072380 3628 FROW AVE Miami 33133-4920 T3 -R 1914 0141210070950 3635 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4907 T3 -R 1925 0141210070950 3637 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4907 T3 -R 1925 0141210072410 3644 FROW AVE Miami 33133-4920 T3 -R 1928 0141210075700 3658 THOMAS AVE Miami 33133-5710 T3-0 1936 0141210075760 3671 WILLIAM AVE Miami 33133-5711 T3 -R 1924 0141210075750 3673 WILLIAM AVE Miami 33133-5711 T3 -R 1928 0141200070770 13727 THOMAS AVE Miami 33133-5639 T3-0 1934 25 0141200060730 3738 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4807 T3 -R 1930 0141200070580 3746 WASHINGTON AVE Miami 33133-5643 T3-0 1937 0141200070590 3748 WASHINGTON AVE Miami 33133-5643 T3-0 1937 0141200060490 3758 FROW AVE Miami 33133-4836 T3 -R 1938 0141200060490 3760 FROW AVE Miami 33133-4836 T3 -R 1938 0141200060350 3769 FLORIDA AVE Miami 33133-4864 T3 -R 1940 0141200060450 3790 FROW AVE Miami 33133-4836 T3 -R 1930 0141200070050 3797 WASHINGTON AVE Miami 33133-5642 T3-0 1932 0141200060680 3802 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4809 T3 -R 1932 0141200060670 3820 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4809 T3 -R 1932 0141210076120 3817 WASHINGTON AVE Miami 33133-5644 T3 -R 1911 0141200060850 3821 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4808 T3 -R 1937 0141200060660 3822 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4809 T3 -R 1941 0141200060660 3826 OAK AVE Miami 33133-4809 T3 -R 1941 0141200070680 3837 THOMAS AVE Miami 33133-5640 T3-0 1935 0141200070680 3841 THOMAS AVE Miami 33133-5640 T3-0 1935 0141200070210 3859 WASHINGTON AVE Miami 33133-5644 T3-0 1934 0141200070330 3963 WASHINGTON AVE Miami 33133-5646 T3-0 1930 26 11■1111■1 11111■ 1 ■ 111!11 ■■f■■■ Illi l llill lill ■il 111 11■ 1 1■1 �I■■`■■ 111111111 111111 illi■ 1■■■1 Parcels VINICity Boundary � � � Ii iii rv��lllll ■111■ 11111111- - ■■■ 111111 11. 1111111 ■ 111 ■1■1■ illlilil■ 111 C ' -:1111111111: 111111111111 1 111111■ lilll■l ■ 1 �■II■ '- Ii11�11111� ■■SIII� 1111111 ■I1�111111 1 �� 1i�1*■r ■■1■t 1 11■111 11 ■■11 ■ ■ . � ... ..■... 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