HomeMy WebLinkAboutSubmittal-Renita Holmes-Miami-Dade County HIV-AIDS Getting to Zero task force Report, n,ttted into the I fHIc t
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MIAMI-DADE COUNTY HIV/AIDS "GETTING TO ZERO" TASK FORGE
FINAL REPORT 2017
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Please reply to:
The Florida Senate District Office:
State Senator Rene Garcia 1490 West 68 Street
361h District Suite # 201
Hialeah, FL.
33014
Phone# (305) 364-3100
Dear Colleagues,
As of 2015, Miami -Dade County ranks #1 in the United States for new HIV infections
per 100,000 residents. To address the epidemic, the Office of the Mayor of Miami -Dade County,
the Miami -Dade HIV/AIDS Partnership, and the Florida Department of Health in Miami -Dade
County convened the Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS "Getting to Zero" Task Force. This
significant task force is comprised of a multitude of stakeholders in the community which
includes but is not limited to: representatives from universities and academic institutions, private
sector businesses, grantees, research and study organizations, People Living With HIV/AIDS,
and a host of other interested and beneficial parties who share our common goals.
The Task Force started its mission in September 2016 with the primary objective to
undertake the development of a public health blueprint to end the AIDS epidemic in Miami -Dade
by developing recommendations that target comprehensive prevention, a quality service delivery
system, social support services, and innovative social policies. The results of this mission are
highlighted in the following document and recognizes that this would not be possible without full
stakeholder participation. The Task Force believes that the implementation of this plan will
effectively reduce HIV and AIDS cases and improve the health of Miami -Dade County residents,
while strengthening current HIV prevention and care efforts.
As Chair of the "Getting to Zero" Task Force, I want to thank the members of the Task
Force and the community for their dedicated efforts in creating these recommendations and local
guiding plan. This document will help reach the goal of "getting to zero' new HIV infections and
AIDS cases in Miami -Dade County.
Sincerely,
State Senator Rene Garcia
District 36
' MIAMI -DADS HEALTH
HIV/AIDS PAPTNEKSHIP ,
' Miami -Dade County HIV/ArDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 1
Submitted into'.hr I.11bliic
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Acknowledgment
In September, 2016, the Office of the Miami -Dade County Mayor, the Miami -Dade HIV/AIDS
Partnership and the Florida Department of Health established the Miami -Dade HIV AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force, as a means of mobilizing resources and expertise throughout the
Miami -Dade community in a concerted effort to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic before us. The
statistics on HIV/AIDS in Miami -Dade County are staggering and disheartening: we have the
highest rate of new HIV/AIDS infections of any city in the United States, with one in 85 adult
residents in Miami -Dade County living with HIWAIDS.
Over a period of four months, the Task Force established a set of 16 strategic action
recommendations aimed at addressing the epidemic. The work was accomplished by 29 Task
Force members and 30 consultants and institutional representatives, working through four
committees (prevention and research. care and treatment, social and support services, systems
and policy). The action recommendations were carefully crafted to address the epidemic in a
culturally competent manner, given Dade County's large immigrant population, and to address
the entire spectrum of HIV/AIDS issues:
o To educate the community about HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, de -stigmatize
persons living with HIV/AIDS and provide County -wide preventative treatment to
persons at risk for HIV acquisition, with HIV/AIDS efforts directed to penetrate every
corner of the community;
o To implement routine HIV/AIDS testing throughout all levels of the health care delivery
system in Miami -Dade County;
o To create a seamless network of care for persons with HIV/AIDS, linking public and
1
private service providers, reducing the lagtime from diagnosis to treatment, bridging the
gaps in treatment for persons released from our jail systems every year, linking service
delivery programs together with data -sharing and client consent systems. and ensuring
high quality care throughout the County;
a To conduct research on the root causes of the HIV epidemic in Miami-Dade's unique
mufti -cultural community, and the sources of stigmatizing beliefs and perceptions that
dehumanize persons with HIV/AIDS and interfere with engagement in care; and
o To modernize local and state regulations concerning disclosure of HIV status.
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These action recommendations are visionary and aspirational, as well as hopeful and optimistic.
Moving from recommendations to concrete actions will require prioritizing, planning, and
maximizing our community resources over the course of the next several years, from grassroots
efforts at education and prevention to top-down systemic and policy reform. Upon approval of
these recommendations by the hoard of County Commissioners and their setting priorities for
implementation, the Florida Department of Health will spearhead the implementation process.
We urge you to participate in moving these recommendations from aspiration to implementation,
whether you are a Task Force stakeholder, a partner in implementation, or a person in our
community affected by HIV. Only by working together as a community can we reduce new HIV
infections to zero in Miami -Dade County, and ensure that everyone affected by HIV/AIDS has
access to quality health care and support services.
1 Sincerely,
I 0144j;- (� - e'z e -"O?- � �f•C-r�r,� --+ X
' Carlos A. Crime Eddie Orozco Lillian Rivera, MSN, PhD
Mayor Chair Administrator/Health Officer
Miami -Dade County Miami -Dade HIV/AIDS Florida Department of Health
Partnership Miami -Dade County
A i MIAMI-DAD�E _
HIV
AIDS PARTNERSHIP
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Appointed Task Force Members
Deputy Mayor Russell Benford (Miami -Dade County, Office of the Mayor)
Ms. Carol Charles (Person Living With HIV/AIDS)
Mr. Fredrick Downs (Person Living With HIV/AIDS)
Mr. William Duquette (Homestead Hospital)
Commissioner Audrey Edmonson (Miami -Dade County, Board of County Commissioners)
Dr. Grace Eves (Florida Blue)
Mr. Luigi Ferrer (Pridelines)
Senator Rene Garcia (Florida Senate)
Dr. Tomas Guilarte (Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health &
Social Work)
Ms. Martha Harris (Miami -Dade County Public Schools)
Ms. Betty Hernandez (South Florida Behavioral Health Network)
Mr. Daniel Junior (Miami -Dade County Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation)
Dr. Michael Kolber (University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine)
Dr. Anna Likos (Florida Department of Health)
Mr. Michael Liu (Miami -Dade County Public Housing & Community Development)
Ms. Marisel Losa (Health Council of South Florida)
Dr. Steven Marcus (Health Foundation of South Florida)
Ms. Caridad Nieves (Jackson Health System)
Representative David Richardson (Florida House of Representatives)
Mr. Alejandro Romillo (Health Choice Network)
Mr. Howard Rosen (Miami -Dade Office of the State Attorney)
Mr. Rick Siclari (Care Resource)
Ms. Marilyn Stephens (United States Census Bureau, DOC)
Dr. Mario Stevenson (University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine)
Mr. Roberto Tazoe (City of Miami, Department of Community & Economic Development)
Ms. Susan Towler (Florida Blue Foundation)
Ms. Kira Villamizar (Florida Department of Health in Miami -Dade County)
Mr. Daniel Wall (Miami -Dade County, Office of Management & Budget)
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1 HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 3
I
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on `Z city Task Force Committee Descriptions
1 G2Z Prevention and Research Committee
The Prevention and Research Committee develops recommendations and identifies research
opportunities for comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention, directed to key high-risk communities
and populations of interest, driving down the rate of new infections. These efforts may include
ensuring the effective implementation of biomedical, behavioral and social science advances in
the prevention of HIV/AID S; expanding HIV testing in public and private healthcare settings;
and developing innovative strategies for engaging and testing persons in vulnerable populations.
Prevention & Research Committee Members
Committee Chair: Ms. Kira Villamizar Committee Co-chair: Mr. Luigi Ferrer
Task Force Members:
Mr. William Duquette (Homestead Hospital)
Dr. Graces Eves (Florida Blue)
Mr. Luigi Ferrer (Pridelines)
Ms. Martha Harris (Miami -Dade County Public Schools)
Ms. Betty Hernandez (South Florida Behavioral Health Network)
Ms. Marilyn Stephens (US Census Bureau)
Dr. Mario Stevenson (University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine)
Ms. Kira Villamizar (Florida Department of Health in Miami -Dade County)
Task Force Appointed Members to the Committee;
Mr. Brady Bennett (Health Council of South Florida)
Ms. Lina Castellanos (South Florida Behavioral Health Network)
Ms. Mara Michniewicz (Florida Department of Health)
Ms. Ashley Miller (Miami -Dade County Public Schools)
�J Dr. Carolina Montoya (Miami -Dade County Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation)
Ms. Carla Valle -Schwenk (Miami -Dade County, Office of Management & Budget)
I AMIAMI•DADE
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Finat Report: page 4
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Task Force Committee Descriptions (continued'I
G2Z Care and Treatment Committee
The Care and Treatment Committee develops recommendations for ways to maximize access to
care for vulnerable populations and increase the quality of care throughout the HIV/AIDS
service delivery system. This committee will seek to establish seamless systems for getting
people into treatment when they are diagnosed, keeping them in treatment so that they receive
the health care they need, and — because they are in treatment and their HIV viral loads are
reduced with health care and medication — reduce the transmission rate to persons who are yet
uninfected.
Care and Treatment Committee Members
Committee Chair: Mr. Fredrick Downs Committee Co-chair: Dr. Jeffrey Beal
Task Force Members:
Ms. Carol Charles (Person Living With HIV/AIDS)
Mr. Fredrick Downs (Person Living With HIV/AIDS)
Mr. William Duquette (Homestead Hospital)
Ms. Betty Hernandez (South Florida Behavioral Health Network)
I Dr. Michael Kolber (University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine)
Ms. Caridad Nieves (Jackson Health System)
Task Force Appointed Members to the Committee:
Dr. Jeffrey Beal (Florida Department of Health)
Mr. Brady Bennett (Health Council of South Florida)
Mr. Eddie Orozco (Pridelines)
Theresa Smith (Miami -Dade County, Office of Management & Budget)
Dr. Mary Jo Trepka (Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health
& Social Work)
' Ms. Carla Valle -Schwenk (Miami -Dade County, Office of Management & Budget)
' I MIAMI-DADE
HNr /AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 5
HEALTH
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Task
lerkTask Force Committee Descriptions (clontinued)
G2Z Social and Support Services Committee
The Social and Support Services Committee recommends ways to address the social and
economic living conditions for persons who are living with HIV/AIDS, and which may
complicate treatment or give rise to the spread of the disease. This committee looks at the
impact of stigma, low health literacy, sub -standard housing, transportation, behavioral / addiction
issues and unemployment security on long-term HIV/AIDS health outcomes.
Social and Support Services Committee Members
Committee Chair: Mr. Brady Bennett Committee Co-chair: Ms. Debbie Norberto
Task Force Members:
Deputy Mayor Russell Benford (Miami -Dade County, Office of the Mayor)
Ms. Carol Charles (Person Living With HIV/AIDS)
Commissioner Audrey Edmonson (Miami -Dade County, Board of County Commissioners)
Ms. Betty Hernandez (South Florida Behavioral Health Network)
Mr. Michael Liu (Miami -Dade County Public Housing & Community Development)
Mr. Roberto Tazoe (City of Miami, Department of Community & Economic Development)
Ms. Kira Villamizar (Florida Department of Health in Miami -Dade County)
Task Force Appointed Members to the Committee:
Mr. Brady Bennett (Health Council of South Florida)
Mr. Luis Callejas (Aide to Representative David Richardson -Florida House of Representatives)
Ms. Marsharee Chronicle (Pridelines)
Mr. Antonio Fernandez (Miami -Dade County, Office of Management & Budget)
Ms. Giselle Gallo (Homestead Hospital)
Ms. Debbie Norberto (Florida Department of Health)
Dr. Mario De La Rosa (Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public
Health & Social Work)
Ms. Carla Valle -Schwenk (Miami -Dade County, Office of Management & Budget)
' 'MIAMI -DADS
tHIWAIDS PARTNERSHIP -
' Miami -Dade County HIV/i,\IDS
"Getting to Zero' Task Force
Final Report: page 6
Submitted Into the p rc
record fc)r ite
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ITask Force Committee Descriptions (continued)
., G2Z Systems and Policy Committee
The Systems and Policy Committee develops recommendations for innovative HIV/AIDS
social policies, directed at raising public awareness, reducing stigma, reducing barriers to
prevention and care, increasing system capacity and coordinating HIV/AIDS programs across
municipal, governmental and organizational systems. This committee seeks to create networks
and linkages where there are now only isolated programs and services.
Systems & Policy Committee Members
Committee Chair: Mr. Luigi Ferrer Committee Co-chair: Mr. Gene Sulzberger
Task Force Members:
Commissioner Audrey Edmonson (Miami -Dade County, Board of County Commissioners)
Mr. Luigi Ferrer (Pridelines)
Senator Rene Garcia (Florida Senate)
Ms. Betty Hernandez (South Florida Behavioral Health Network)
Mr. Daniel Junior (Miami -Dade County Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation)
Representative David Richardson (Florida House of Representatives)
Mr. Howard Rosen (Miami -Dade Office of the State Attorney)
Ms. Kira Villamizar (Florida Department of Health in Miami -Dade County)
Task Force Appointed Members to the Committee:
Mr. Brady Bennett (Health Council of South Florida)
Dr. William Darrow (Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public
Health & Social Work)
Ms. Giselle Gallo (Homestead Hospital)
Chief Wendy Mayes (Miami -Dade County Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation)
Ms. Laura Reeves (Florida Department of Health)
Ms. Carla Valle -Schwenk (Miami -Dade County, Office of Management & Budget)
Mr. Gene Sulzberger (Appointed by Dr. Mario Stevenson — University of Miami)
A! MIAMI -DALE H
ALTH
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP ,,C,,,
Miami -Dade County HIV/A IDS
' "Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 7
Submitted into theAIA
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record r item(s)y A' It
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IRecommendation 1:
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Proposed Recommendations
Provide comprehensive sex education throughout the Miami -Dade County Public School
system (M-DCPS), recommending modifications in the M-DCPS comprehensive sex
education curriculum as age appropriate.
Statement of Need:
Miami -Dade County currently ranks number one in new HIV infections nationwide and first in
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) cases for the State of Florida (FDOH, 2015). The
Prevention and Research Committee recognized that while the State of Florida supports an
abstinence -only public school sex education policy, the rates of new HIV/AIDS infections — as
well as other sexually transmitted infections — indicates the need for a more comprehensive
approach.
In Miami Dade County, there are 9 cases of an STD diagnosed daily in teens between the ages of
15-19 (FDOH, 2015). The Florida Department of Health has partnered with Miami -Dade Public
Schools to offer testing and positive sexual health information with identified partnering schools.
During the course of this collaboration, 3 HIV positive students have been identified, over 200
students tested positive with chlamydia, and 2 students tested positive for syphilis. Abstinence -
only curricula are recognized as ineffective by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the
Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). As the HIV/AIDS community, aims to reduce
the stigma and increase access to diagnosis and treatment, the provision of comprehensive sex
education represents an opportunity to "normalize" the discussion of HIV and ultimately,
improve rates of HIV testing.
Responsible Partners:
#
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
1
Miami -Dade County Public Schools
(Division of Student Services)agreements)
Non-profits/CBOs (with affiliated
Elected officials (Senator
Rend Garcia
2
MDCPS (School Operations)
School Board members
3
Dr. Lawrence Friedman (Clinical
Provider, University of Miami)
Florida Department of
Health FDOH
4
Centers for Disease Control &
Prevention CDC
5
Superintendent Alberto Carvalho
'Al MIAMI -DARE
HN/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
' "Getting to Zero' Task Force
Final Report: page 8
RM
HEALTH
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Recommendation 2: on =19 . CAA Clerk
Expand PrEP (Pre -Exposure Prophylaxis) and nPEP (non -occupational Post -Exposure
Prophylaxis) capacity throughout Miami -Dade County, and increase utilization by all
potential risk groups:
• Identify and address barriers to expanding PrEP provider capacity
• Expand PrEP communications outreach (see recommendation 4 for detail)
• Make PrEP more available to younger persons covered through their parents' health
insurance policies, potentially by removing mention of PrEP from policy "explanation of
benefits"
• Provide greater access to nPEP by establishing a standing order for nPEP medication
available through hospital emergency departments, public clinics, urgent care centers
and commercial pharmacies.
Statement of Need:
Pre -exposure prophylaxis is an anti-HIV medication and powerful biomedical prevention tool
that can reduce the risk of HIV acquisition in people who are at substantial risk by up to 92%
when taken consistently and correctly (CDC). The process of taking a pill daily to prevent the
acquisition of HIV supports a critical element in "getting to zero."
Post -exposure prophylaxis (PEP) involves taking antiretroviral medication within 72 hours of
exposure to prevent HIV acquisition. When initiated promptly, PEP is effective at blocking HIV
infection up to 80% (Grohskopf, 2005). Establishing a network of PrEP/nPEP clinics and
collecting quantitative data on existing levels of service provision and utilization will be integral
to the implementation of this strategic action.
Staff note: Follow up with Task Force members from Florida Blue stated that in order to address
the aforementioned privacy concerns for those individuals on their parents' insurance, the
recommendation should request that FDOH expand the Florida Statute 384.30 defining PrEP as a
preventive treatment for STDs, in order for disclosure to remain private for young adults.
I A I MIAMI-DADE
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
' "Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 9
H
Submitted into thep I lic
record for it m(s) 7tY�non 9 Clerk
Responsible Partners for PrEP Expansion:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Florida Department of Health FDOH
Pharmaceutical companies
Funding for staff
University of Miami
FDOH Counseling/testing Counseling/testingsites
Legislation
Community Based Organizations
Other FQHC in Miami -Dade County
Capacity Building
Assistance (CBA) /
Technical Assistance
TAproviders
Care Resource, Federally Qualified
Health Center (FQHC
Other insurance providers
Legal advisors / legislators
(authorizing a standing
order for nPEP
medication)
South Florida Behavioral Health
Network
Private clinical providers
Florida Blue CBS
Hospitals (Emergency Departments)
Health Council of South Florida
communications
Domestic Violence Centers, rape treatment
centers and sexual assault crisis centers
Baptist Hospital
Switchboard of Miami
Ran White Part A/MAI Program
University/college health clinics
1 Responsible Partners for nPEP Expansion:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Baptist Hospital
Other Federally Qualified Health Centers
AETC
Jackson Health Services
Urgent Care Centers
Pharmaceutical companies
Care Resource
Other Insurance companies
Media
Florida Blue
Agency for Health Care Administration
(ARCA)
Legal advisors / legislators
(authorizing a standing
order for nPEP
medication)
Florida Department of
Health
Other hospitals and emergency departments
AIDS Education & Training Center AETC
Domestic Violence Centers, rape treatment
centers and sexual assault crisis centers
Switchboard of Miami
University/college health clinics
Pharmacies
Children's Medical Services (child
protection teams that assisted with nPEP
protocol)
I AMIAMI -DARE
I HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 10
HM
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Slibtnitted into the _ lir l
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n City Clerk
Recommendation 3:
Implement routine HIV/STI testing in healthcare settings (hospitals, urgent care centers,
medical practices).
Statement of Need:
The importance and impact of routinized HIV testing cannot be emphasized enough. In 2015,
State of Florida passed Statute 381.004, which routinizes HIV testing in a healthcare setting and
aligns with the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) classifying HIV
screening as a grade "A" recommendation. The strength of this recommendation is a critical
factor in communicating the importance of routine testing to clinicians and the community. This
signifies that clinicians must screen for HIV infection in all adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65
years, including pregnant women. Repeat testing should be offered to those at increased risk.
Florida State statute also mandates that perinatal testing be performed in the I' and 31d trimester;
however, in most cases of perinatal transmission in Florida, the second screening was missed,
showing an opportunity for improvement.
New testing technologies have also been developed to diagnose acute HIV infection, which
broadens the window of opportunity of effective interventions during the acute phase of
infection, a period when HIV is most likely to be transmitted to others. The Baptist Health Care
System — Homestead Hospital has adopted this enhanced technology and implemented routine
testing in the emergency room. The hospital has been able to perform 4,500 tests, identify 62
positive patients, and achieve a 1.3% seropositivity rate.
Furthermore, all grade "A" recommendations are mandated to be covered by health insurance
companies: for HIV screening, this means that an annual screening for HIV must be covered by a
patient's health insurer. The goal of the recommendation is to ensure that all healthcare settings
comply with the routine HIV/STI testing statute, such that any patient encountering the
healthcare system is tested. Ultimately, the goal is to regard HIV testing as any other routine
medical screening and persons should be tested annually irrespective of their risk.
I A I MIAMI -DARE
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
t "Gettin-, to Zero' Task Force
Final Report: page 11
Submitted into the r lic
record for ite 71( )
on it), Clerk
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
FLES13URCES
Florida Department of Health DOH)
Other F HCS
Funding
Hospitals , Baptist, Jackson
Community Based Organizations
Staff to scale testing
Care Resource F HC
Other Hos itals
CBA/TA for third party billin
Florida Blue (BCBS)
Gilead Sciences Inc.
Legislation
Health Council of South Florida
(communication/education)
Florida Association of Free and
Charitable Clinics
Florida International University FIU
Dade County Medical Association
Miami -Dade County
Colleges iversities
Healthy Start (for pregnant HIV-
ositive women
Laboratories (Quest, LabCorp for
HIV testing data)
MIAMI-DnDe
HIVJAIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HN/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 12
Submitted into theilblic
rccord or iu m(s)
'ity Clerk
Recommendation 4:
Create a comprehensive HIV/AIDS communications toolbox:
• Research the clinical impact of differences in communication strategies toward women,
injection drug users (IDU), gay, bisexual and transgender, MSM, and recommend
communications that address significant differences in target audiences
• Recognize, develop and apply differences in communication strategies toward various
immigrant / cultural / ethnic / age groups in prevention and treatment interventions
• Develop and promulgate effective social media communication strategies
• Compile and share a compendium of best practices for prevention providers
Statement of Need:
The Prevention and Research Committee stressed the importance of developing a comprehensive
communication sharing mechanism to create and disseminate HIV/AIDS information throughout
the community, including both public communication and provider -directed communication. The
purpose is to make it possible to share effective culturally -sensitive communications across
providers, making it possible for providers to make use of each other's materials in English,
-t Spanish and Haitian Creole, broadening the base of every provider's communication
armamentarium and increasing peer -to peer collaboration.
The Toolbox will make it easier for providers to share research findings, program
implementation expertise, prevention/treatment-related communications and destigmatizing
communications among area providers and organizations with varied expertise. Brochures,
reports, flyers, handouts, service guides and research findings may be in electronic format,
searched for and disseminated online; in addition, hard copies of consumer -based materials may
be made available for distribution to prevention and treatment agencies with limited resources.
' MIAMI-DADE
R HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Farce
Final Report: page 13
Submitted into the l Ublic
record for ite (s.) �_A
on C ity Clerk
' Responsible Pa,-ters:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Florida Department of Health
National Bisexual Network
Capacity Building
DOH)
(BiNet USA
Assistance CBA Providers
Pridelines
Latino Salud
Funding
Care Resource
Center for Disease Control and
Other Jurisdictions(best
Prevention (CDC) (expertise in
practices)
communications
Ryan White Part A/MAI (treatment
Survivor's Pathway
Existing media campaigns
database)
(Gilead, Walgreens)
Health Council of South Florida
Code Miami (mobile app
communicationsplatform)
Florida International University (FN)
Switchboard of Miami
University of Miami (Needle
CBOs addressing priority
exchange/IDU program)
populations
AIDS Healthcare Foundation
(marketing specifically)
Local :redia outlets
Consortium for a Healthier
Miami -Dade
f MIAMI -LADE HEALTH
HIV AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 14
Submitted into the �ftlic
recor
on by Clerk
Recommendation 5:
' Convene a multi -agency consortium of public health/academic institutions/service
providers to share data/collaborate on research identifying the driving forces of the
HIV/AIDS epidemic in Miami -Dade County.
Statement of Need:
The Miami -Dade County metropolitan area is a unique ethnic, cultural and risk -factor milieu for
HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, unlike any other metropolitan area in the United States. At
the same time, Miami -Dade is home to premier universities and agencies focusing on HIV/AIDS
research in this community, including several represented as Task Force members. Linking
together the research expertise and treatment experiences of this diverse group of scientists,
treatment planners and evaluators and HIV/AIDS health care researchers would ensure that our
prevention and treatment programs, our communications efforts, our research activities and our
care networks are optimized based on our local HIV/AIDS conditions.
This recommendation aims to foster a collaborative, collegial environment whereby premier
researchers at local institutions can access, share and collaborate on data, research studies, and
evaluations that ultimately impact programming, and immediately apply new techniques and
interventions throughout the community. Critical to the success of this project are data -sharing
agreements across institutions such as universities, insurance companies, Miami -Dade County
and the Department of Health. Some agreements are already in place, and are providing a rich
milieu for identifying research and pilot program development opportunities, but more are
needed.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Florida Department of Health (FDOH)
Other departments within FIU, UM
Funding
Florida International University (FIU)
Other data -gathering departments
Staff
or administrative units within
Miami -Dade County
Ryan White Part A /MAI Program
Behavioral Science Research
Corporation as an HIV/AIDS
research resource to the Ryan
White Program
University of Miami (UM)
Health Council of South Florida
South Florida Behavioral Health
Network
Care Resource
Department of Corrections
MinW-DnEDe
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 15
HEALTH
' Submitted into the blic
record f r ite (s) 0
on ity Clerk
1 Recommendation 6:
Decrease the lag time from diagnosis to linkage to HIV/AIDS care to within 30 days or less
for: (1) clients newly diagnosed, (2) clients returning to care and (3) clients post -partum
with HIV/AIDS, irrespective of where clients were diagnosed and where clients seek
treatment. This action recommendation includes expanding the Department of Health's
"test and treat" program and other forms of fast-track post -diagnosis clinical engagement.
Statement of Need:
A critical element of "getting to zero" is linking persons with HIV/AIDS to care as soon as
possible after diagnosis, both to ensure the health of the infected person and to reduce disease
' transmission. Studies have indicated that early initiation of anti-retroviral (ARV) medications
dramatically impacts disease progression, leads to a higher level of treatment adherence, rapid
viral load suppression, and reduces new infection. Engagement within 72 hours of new diagnosis
is essential, as is re -linkage for clients who are returning to care and whose ARV regimens have
been interrupted.
i
Highly concentrated efforts to identify "lost to care" patients (through quality improvement
projects/interventions) should be prioritized as this serves as an opportunity to interrupt disease
transmission by getting known HIV-positive clients into medical care and on ART. Increasing
the rapid response of post -diagnosis linkage coupled with routinized testing is a critical element
to preventing new infections. Providers should utilize HIV surveillance data to track known
HIV-positive patients and engage then into clinical care. "Treatment as prevention" models of
care are critical to this recommendation and can reduce the risk of sexual transmission by 96%
and dramatically reduces the risk of transmission during pregnancy and childbirth (National
HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States: Updated to 2020, 2015), as well as robust partner
notification systems.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Ran White Part A program
Private Clinicians
Funding
Florida Department of Health
FDO
Florida Medical Association
Education (provider &
community)
Baptist Hospital
All counseling/testing sites
Data management, LTC
personnel
South Florida AIDS Network
SFA
Blood banks
Legislation
Jackson Memorial Hospital
Laboratories Quest, LabCo
University of Miami (UM)
FIU/RWP/FDOH (research
data
Florida Blue (BCBS
Federally Qualified Health Centers
RI HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIPHEALTH
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 16
MM
i
Submitted into tllc
record for ityns) 1u
on C"i v C'l�rk
Recommendation 7:
Increasing system capacity to bridge the gaps in provision of treatment and medication
(and maintain PLWHA in care) when changes in income and/or residence create eligibility
problems.
• Emergency funding for medication
• Emergency short-term services
• Expansion of sub -specialty care
State t, ent of Need:
Clients in HFWAIDS care may experience treatment interruption when their Ryan White
eligibility changes (often due to income changes or similar factors), or other eligibility problems.
Additionally, this recommendation aims to provide a mechanism for ensuring continuity of care
and provision of continuing ART for clients transitioning from Medicaid to Ryan White or from
the Ryan White program to private insurance (e.g., under the Affordable Care Act).
Another important component in bridging gaps in medical care to PLWHA is the expansion of
medical sub -specialty care for conditions that are not directly related to HIV/AIDS. Providers
have expressed concern when their Ryan White clients have been unable to obtain non -HIV
related specialty care funded through Ryan White. While the Ryan White program does cover a
comprehensive list of medical conditions directly related to HIV, the program does have
limitations on what non -HIV conditions can be treated through the program.
Responsible Partners:
0 �
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
I
Ran White Part A/MAI program
Other F HCs
Legislation
2
Care Resource (FOHC)
Behavioral health and other social
service agencies
Research data to
estimate magnitude
of problem
3
Uni ersity of Miami
4
Jackson Memorial Hospital
MIAMI-DnIDe
I1 HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP HEALTH
' Miami -Dade County U WAIDS
"Getti» o to Zero" Task Force
Final Report. page 17
Submitted into the*ilyd
record - �r ite (s)
on lirk
Recommendation S:
Enlist commercial pharmacies as HIV/AIDS treatment partners, from making PrEP and
nPEP more available (see Recommendation #2) to having pharmacists alert HIV/AIDS
care clinicians and/or case managers when antiretroviral (ARV) medications are not
picked up on time.
Statement of Need:
To further improve rates of medication adherence from a structural perspective, a critical
partnership enlisting pharmacies could assist in quickly notifying clinicians and medical case
managers when HIV/AIDS clients in care fail to pick up ART medications. This added layer of
monitoring can identify potentially non-compliant clients and assist them in maintaining
uninterrupted adherence to ARV medication, identifying clients who may have lost insurance
coverage, or have moved to another jurisdiction/state.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDER KEY PARTNERS RESOURCES
Ran White Part A program All Pharmacies Legislation
Florida Department of Health FDOH AIDS Healthcare Foundation
Linkage to Care coordinators
Aids DrugAssistance Program
Peer Navigation
Case Management
1
1
' MIAMI -DADS
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIPHEALTH
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 18
t Submitted into the ublic
record or it m(s)
on ity Clerk
tRecommendation 9:
Partnership with Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) and Medicaid for the purpose of
data -matching and to allow Florida Department of Health (FDOH) to follow HIV-positive
clients in managed care plans (public and private).
Statement of Need:
The Florida Department of Health (FDOH) is seeking to partner with both Medicaid and
Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) to better track HIV-positive clients who are insured within
such plans. This would expand having reportable quality measures and performance monitoring
related to viral suppression by HIV providers, facilities and managed care plans. This would
assist in improvement of treatment outcomes across Miami -Dade County and the State and
would increase the capacity to conduct linkage, retention activities, and help prevent lost to care
cases. The partnerships (requiring data -sharing agreements) will allow FDOH access to
important data tracking of the clinical outcomes of patients in both Medicaid and MCO plans.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS RESOURCES
Ran White Part A/MAI Program
Agency for Healthcare Administration ACHA) Data
Florida Department of Health
Managed Care Organizations (MCOs)
Florida Blue CBS)
Department of Children & Families
Other insurance providers
I AMIAMI•DADE
I HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIVIAIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report. page 19
HEALTH
' Submitted into the public
record f r ite (s)
on rI 'ity Clerk
Recommendation 10:
Develop a County -wide integrated system of HIV/AIDS care, including a County -wide
treatment consent form and County -wide data -sharing addressing various social service
needs (transportation, legal services):
• Include the Veterans' Administration as a part of the network of care, linking veterans
with HIV/AIDS to services and creating data -sharing agreements to ensure continuity of
care.
Statement of Need:
As many HIV-positive patients tend to receive care at numerous healthcare settings (hospitals,
urgent care centers, FQHCs, CBOs) due to various reasons (lack of insurance, housing,
transportation), it is critical for Miami -Dade County to begin the process of developing a
comprehensive, integrated system of HIV/AIDS care. The electronic medical record (EMR) is a
vital component that allows for providers to track patients both internally and across systems.
1 This is extraordinarily important in tracking patients who need to engage various health systems
when required.
While the Task Force recognizes the multitude of issues (legal, proprietary, HIPAA) impacting a
' County -wide data -sharing agreement or consent form, the Task Force is steadfast in its desire to
create a highly secure system that providers can access in tracking patients. While undoubtedly a
' complex undertaking that will take time to create, an eventual County -wide agreement and
consent form can greatly impact the quality of care provided to clients while eliminating
duplication of services and increasing efficiency within and across programs.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Florida Department of Health FDOH
Veterans' Administration
Funding
Housing Opportunities for Persons with
AIDS OPWA
11I Judicial Circuit (currently working on
a data collaborative)
Health information
exchan a expertise
Board of County Commissioners
Other hospitals, F HCs, CBOs
Client consent
Health Council of South Florida
Miami -Dade Transit
Ran White program
Legal Services
State Attorney's Office
Health Choice Network
Jackson Health System
Agency for Health Care Administration
Baptist Hospital-
os italFlorida
FloridaBlue
Care Resource
Homeless Trust
South Florida Behavioral Health
Network
Mayor's Office
' QI MIAMI-DADE
I1I HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHN
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 20
Submitted into the p lic
record f r ite (s)
on i# Clerk
' Recommendation 11:
Expand the network of housing available for PLW11A, with particular attention to
pregnant women, released ex -offenders, youth and other high-risk HIV-positive groups.
This includes both:
' • Short-term placement
• Creation of new affordable housing
Statement of Need:
Social support needs such as housing and transportation are extraordinarily important factors
impacting people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and affecting their linkage to (and retention
in) HIV care. Data from over 9,500 persons with HIV/AIDS in care in the Ryan White program
indicate that housing stability is highly correlated with better health outcomes: fully 30% of the
PLWHA who are homeless or living in impermanent housing have high viral loads, indicating
that they are capable of continuing to be a source of new HIV/AIDS infections in the
' community. Especially in Miami -Dade County, the high cost of housing is limiting the ability of
programs such as Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) to provide affordable
housing options for those who qualify. Emergency short-term housing for high-risk groups
' (pregnant HIV-positive women, recently released ex -offenders) is important in attempts to keep
these individuals in care while transitioning into permanent care. Miami -Dade County must
attempt to find available funding to create new affordable housing options for the community.
' Responsible Partners:
n
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Miami -Dade County Public Housing and
Community Development
Housing Finance Authority of
Miami -Dade County
Funding
Housing Opportunities for Persons with
AIDS (HOPWA)
Real estate developers (Orlando-
extended stay program as a model
Political will /Lobby
Homeless Trust
Hotel/motel chains
Ryan White Program
Chamber of Commerce — Housing
Solutions Task Force
Florida Department of Health DOH
Miami Homes for All
Miami -Dade County (Community Action
& Human Services)
Housing & Urban Development
Camillus House and others
Florida Housing Finance Corporation
Affordable Housing Trust Fund
(Board) — Miami -Dade County
Affordable Housing Trust (Florida
State)
I AI MIAMI•DADE
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report. page 21
M
HEALTH
Submitted into the public
recordor it (s) ALon CILZ, ity Clerk
Recommendation 12:
Create/expand a network of internal (in -jail) and post -release HIV/AIDS service provision
to inmates in the Miami -Dade County jail system, to address viral suppression while
incarcerated and effective linkage to medical / mental health / substance abuse /housing
care upon release, including providing sufficient medication to effectuate continual viral
load suppression during post -release linkage to care.
Statement of Need:
Miami -Dade County's current policy within the correctional system (jails specifically) is to
provide a seven day supply of ART medications to ex -offenders upon release. Since linkage to
medical care cannot occur within this time frame, the Task Force recommends revising the
protocol to extend the medication supply to one month. Theoretically, this would allow the
client enough time to re-engage into medical care without treatment interruption upon release
from the jail system. The Florida Department of Health has identified available funding to
absorb the cost of the extended ART protocol, allowing HIV-positive ex -offenders released from
the jail system access to a one-month supply of medications while they are linked to long-term
medical care. This is only one aspect of the post -release care continuum, which also involves
stronger linkage to medical care and supportive services as part of a re-entry program for persons
living with HIV. Facilitating post -release care helps ensure better health outcomes related to
HIV infection.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Department of Corrections — Miami -Dade
Corrections & Rehabilitation CR)
Probation Officers (contact
information)
None cited
Florida Department of Health DOH
Public Defender Office
Federal Bureau of Prisons
De artment of Justice
Ran White Program LTC efforts
Jackson Health Systems
AI MIAMI -DARE
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 22
' Submitted hito the 1- lic
record t' r iter .(s) 4�L
ors it, Clerk
Recommendation 13:
D
Identify root causes of HIV/AIDS stigma and reduce the stigma through educational and
communication programs directed toward Miami -Dade County's multi -cultural and multi-
ethnic communities and providers.
Statement of Need:
While it is critical to address the clinical aspects of HIV/AADS care, a holistic, comprehensive
approach addressing HIV/AIDS stigma is a vital concern in addressing the epidemic. After 30
years of experience with the disease in the South Florida community, community fears and
misperceptions still stigmatize persons with HIV/AIDS, complicating the process of seeking
information about one's own HIV status, getting tested, being linked to care, receiving care and
living in one's own community as an identified PLWHA. In a study of stigma among clients of
the Ryan White program, Behavioral Science Research found pervasive fear among persons
living with HIV/AIDS that people would judge them for getting treatment at an AIDS provider
agency, and that having their HIV status known would isolate them from friends, family,
community and employment.
Researching the roots of HIV/AIDS stigma — especially given the ethnic, racial and national
diversity of our community — is the first step. Creating and disseminating appropriate public
education messages to reduce it is the vital next step. By looking at community attitudes toward
HIV/AIDS (and self -stigmatizing beliefs of PLWHA), and by addressing stigma as the ultimate
obstacle to getting tested and being in treatment, we can help dispel the ignorance and prejudice
that stand in the way of efforts to "get HIV/AIDS to zero" in the Miami -Dade community.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
All Task Force appointed
organizations/entities
Peer support/advocacy
organizations
Care Act Target Center (for technical
assistance
Community based organizations
Other jurisdictions' programs / models
Faith communi
Homeless Trust outreach teams
"Green Shirts"
' MIAMI-DADE
R HNIAIDS PARTNERSHIP
W
Miami -Dade County HIV/A.IDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 23
HMM
Submitted into the p is
recordr ite (s
on CitClerk
' Recommendation 14:
Reform and modernize Florida's current statutes criminalizing HIV non -disclosure.
Statement of Need:
Reform of Florida's outdated HIV statutes serves as an important and symbolic step in
addressing HIV stigma. Presently, persons who fail to disclose their status as infected with an
STD are differentially penalized for failing to reveal their status to a sexual partner if the STD is
HIV/AIDS.
The chair of the Task Force, Senator Rene Garcia, is championing legislation to eliminate the
differential criminalization of HIV-related activities in the Florida statutes. It is important to note
that equitable prosecution of the aforementioned cases also addresses HIV-related stigma in the
community.
Florida Statute §384.24(1) provides that:
It is unlawful for any person who has chancroid, gonorrhea, granuloma inguinale,
lymphogranuloma venereum, genital herpes simplex, chlamydia, nongonococcal urethritis
' (NGU), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/acute salpingitis, or syphilis, when such person
knows he or she is infected with one or more of these diseases and when such person has been
informed that he or she may communicate this disease to another person through sexual
' intercourse, to have sexual intercourse with any other person, unless such other person has been
informed of the presence of the sexually transmissible disease and has consented to the sexual
intercourse.
Florida Statute §384.34(1) makes this a first degree misdemeanor.
On the other hand, Florida Statute §384.24(2) currently provides that:
It is unlawful for any person who has human immunodeficiency virus infection, when such
' person knows he or she is infected with this disease and when such person has been informed
that he or she may communicate this disease to another person through sexual intercourse, to
have sexual intercourse with any other person, unless such other person has been informed of the
presence of the sexually transmissible disease and has consented to the sexual intercourse.
Florida Statute §384.34(5) makes this a third degree felony.
Due to this criminal statute addressing the human immunodeficiency virus differently than a host
of other sexually transmissible diseases, persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus
are therefore subject to stigma and bias. In other words, persons living with HIV who fail to tell
their partner of their condition are subject to becoming a convicted felon, and facing up to five
(5) years in state prison, whereas persons who have other sexually transmissible diseases are
only subject to being prosecuted for a misdemeanor.
'I MIAMI -DADS
HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
' Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 24
Stibinittc-d into the blic
recon] t tr it m(s) I yru
on ��. C ty Clel-k
By changing Florida Statute §384.34 to treat the human immunodeficiency virus as a
misdemeanor, the same as the other conditions addressed in the statute, this will help to eliminate
this stigma and bias against persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus.
Responsible Partners:
^` STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Senator Rend Garcia
Board of County Commissioners
None specified
State Attorney's Office
Florida Prosecuting Attorneys Association
FPAA)
Mayor's Office
SERO Project
n
1
i AI MIAMI-DADE
rHIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 25
Submiacd into the l-,(�ii,b�fic
record f itea e(s) . 11 ']
on � � , . 61y Clerk
Recommendation 15:
Build a County -wide system of RIV/AIDS program effectiveness evaluation, basing it on a
common set of outcome measures across all providers.
Statement of Need:
This recommendation is to implement a system capable of evaluating programs funded to
address HIV/AIDS care in an equitable and comparable manner, adding evaluation of the quality
of services provided to the County -wide network of services, data sharing and consents for
treatment outlined above in Recommendation 10. Such a system would provide funding
agencies a better measure of their "return on investment" for future dollars directed to reducing
HIV/AIDS. The Ryan White Program and the Florida Department of Health already cooperate
in a common matrix of program effectiveness evaluations based on a continuum of care: this
provides a basis for further development and expansion. This "treatment continuum" provides a
common basis for evaluating programs based on their success in moving a person with
HIV/AIDS from unknown status into testing, linkage and retention and ultimately, viral load
suppression. The strategic action will go beyond the efforts of the Ryan White Program and the
Department of Health — essentially expanding evaluation of HIV program success throughout the
Miami -Dade community.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
KEY PARTWERS
RESOURCES
Fiorida Department of Health DOH
Behavioral Science Research
Funding
University of Miami (UM)
Funded agencies outside of the Task
Force
Florida International University (FIU)
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
Partnership
Ran White Part A/MAI Program
South Florida Behavioral Health Network
Health Council of South Florida
'R I MIAMI•DADE
I HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade: County HIV/.AMS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report. page 26
r_
Submitted into the Pbtic
Recommendation 16:
Identify barriers and improve access to existing HIV/AIDS services for HIV positive
undocumented immigrants. To include:
• Expanded clinic hours and weekend availability
• Mobile units and increased number of participating providers
Statement of Need:
As mentioned previously, Miami in particular is a very unique jurisdiction/EMA that is a melting
pot of cultures and customs. Approximately half (53%) of Miami's population is "foreign -born."
It is important to note that Ryan White provides services to PLWHA irrespective of immigration
status. This recommendation may serve as an opportunity to collaborate and partner with free
clinics with expertise in providing care to undocumented clients. It is important to address
clinical care issues for this population, particularly if they are undiagnosed and fearful of
deportation if they should become visible. Additionally, engaging non-traditional partners such
as private philanthropy may yield successful outcomes for both providers and consumers by
reducing dependence on publicly funded programs.
Responsible Partners:
STAKEHOLDERS
'
KEY PARTNERS
RESOURCES
Florida Department of Health
Free clinics
Media outlets
Ran White Program
FederallyQualified Health Centers
Jackson Health System
Other Hos itals
Miami Dade County Public Schools
(Adult education centers, youth)
Immigration organizations (Justice for our
Neighbors (JFON), Coalition of Florida
Farmworker Organizations COFFO
U.S Census Bureau
Media outlets
South Florida Behavioral Health
Network S.FB L
Ba tist -Hospital
MMI-DADE
HIMIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HIV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 27
HMW
submittcd 11110 the hl is
record 4 itc (s,;
On City C'ierk Glossary of Terms
1. ACHA: Agency for Healthctire Administration
2. AETC: AIDS Education Training Center
3. ARV: Antiretroviral
4. BCBS: Blue Cross Blue Shield
5. CBA: Capacity Building Assistance
6. CBO: Community Based Organization
7. COFFO: Coalition of Florida Farmworker Organizations
8. FDOH: Florida Department of Health
9. FPAA: Florida Prosecuting Attorneys Association
10. FQHC: Federally Qualified Health Centers
11. HON: Justice for our Neighbors
12. MCO: Managed Care Organization
13. MDC: Miami -Dade County
14. MDCPS: Miami -Dade County Public Schools
15. MSM: Men who have Sex with Men
16. nPEP: Non -occupational Post -Exposure Prophylaxis
17. PrEP: Pre -Exposure Prophylaxis
18. PLWHA: People Living with HIV/AIDS
19. SFAN: South Florida AIDS Network
20. STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease
21. STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection
22. TA: Technical Assistance
I MIAMI-DADE
SIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP
Miami -Dade County HlV/AIDS
"Getting to Zero" Task Force
Final Report: page 28