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RFCteb
Motion 75.9tat6
RESOLUTION NO. 75;115
A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE FURNISHING OF
A CERTIFIED COPY OF AN EXCERPT FROM THE
MINUTES OF THE CITY COMMISSION MEETING OF
OCTOBER 14, 1975 TO THE SUPREME COURT OF
THE STATE OF FLORIDA AS AN EXPRESSION of
CONCERN ON THE PART OF THE CITY COMMISSION
AS TO PROPER LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF ITS
SPANISH SPEAKING COMMUNITY WITHIN THE
FLORIDA JUDICIAL SYSTEM; DIRECTING THE CITY
CLERK TO FURNISH A CERTIFIED COPY OF THIS
RESOLUTION TO THE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF
FLORIDA AND TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE FLORIDA
BAR.
WHEREAS, Dr. Ramiro Arango appeared at the October 14,
1975 meeting of the City Commission of the City of Miami on
behalf of the Cuban -American Lawyers Association; and
WHEREAS, Francisco Montero, Frank Diaz Silvera and
Guillermo Morales also aadressed the City Commission at its
October 14, 1975 meeting; and
WHEREAS, all of the points raised and questions asked
by the aforesaid gentlemen involved the July 1975 Bar Examination
conducted by the Florida Board of Bar Examiners; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission of the City of Miami is
without knowledge of the procedures used in the administration
of the aforesaid Bar Examinations and
WHEREAS, the apparently high percentage of Latin-
American attorneys who failed the above Bar Examination causes
concern on the part of the City Commission in view of the
completion by the Latin-American candidates of two (2) years of
study under the auspices of the University of Florida/ and
"DOCUMENT INDEX
ITEM NO. 41
%HEREAS, the Supreme Court of Florida in Case
No. 43,040, by its Order dated July 31, 1973 retained juris-
diction over the qualifications of individuals to "properly
represent the Spanish speaking community in the Florida
judicial system";
NOW, THEREFORE, HE IT RESOLVED BY THE COMMISSION OF
THE CITY OF MIAMI, FLORIDAt
Section 1. The Supreme Court of the State of
Florida be furnished a certified copy of the attached excerpt
from the minutes of the City Commission meeting of October 14,
1975 as an expression of concern on the part of the City
Commission with regard to proper legal representation of its
Spanish speaking community within the Florida judicial system.
Section 2. The City Clerk be and he is hereby
directed to furnish a certified copy of this resolution to
the Governor of the State of Florida and to the President
of the Florida Bar.
PASSED AND ADOPTED this2 _day of nCTORE1
1975.
PREPARED AND APPROVED SY:
1
/
MAYOR
11, f flUTHE"II
"AURICE ", FERRE
Attests
40,0070,
Robert F. Clark. Asst. City Attorney
APPROVED AS TO FORM AND CORRECTNESS:
n S. Lloyd •• City Att tney
2 ,.
Mayor Ferro: In the meanti 1 AM gainto recognize Dr. Ramiro
Arens°, who is here on behalf of the Cuban American Lawyers Association.
Dr. Arangn: I do rept sent the Cuban -American Lawyers went to the last
Dar Test in July. I want to thank the City Comnisaion for recognising
our right to apeak and to be heard.
We knew about this hearing today, about diEwrImination. As we thought
it was the last time for un to come here and taking only few minutes of
your busy agenda of today.
Our problem is this: We were invited to follow in n special program tor
Cuban -American Lawyers to be trained for / yearq And then go to pose the
test, the test of the tAn, whieh wc
We passed through that test by the end ut last Auly and the results were
given yesterday.
We were in total, 1200 peopie taking the test from which about 1000
Americans of different sorts and about 200 of Cubana.
The results are like this: 95% of hc Americans paneed. 90Y of the Cubans
failed. The numbcts speaV ay themp.Ltyos.
We are facing a hideous problem of discrimination and let me tell you that
Borne talky talky is going around about our lack of the language.
We don't speak perfect english. 1 don't think anybody in thia country do.
Here everybody has an accent, Latin or italian or Jewish but this is a
country of many minorities and many communities.
t am going to tell you my personal example c.oncerning capacity.
I am a graduate of Havana University of Lasso Bohne? in Paris and also
a graduate of Heidelburg University which is the biggest in Germany and
the International Academy of Law in Holland.
With such a background and 9 languages, I think 1 am duly qualified to be
put in my own example here today that we are not stupid that they want to
present us now.
We are simply the victims of irrational discrimination of the name we are
bearing of our Carcias, etc and Fernandes family names. This is exactly
what happened because 95% of the succeeding Americana are not more qualified
than most of the Cubans who wont through the'. same test.
Now, why do we come here? We come here because thia is a problem of general
welfare of the City. We are all citizens of Miami or Dade County and as
such, we present a problem of general welfare. There is about 1/2 million
Latin residents in this community who are demanded by Di -lingual professions
because they have a lack of communications and the experience that created
our problem was to supply this minority who is going to he a majority very
soon with the right professionals who could talk with them in their own
language and in perfect communication.
For that reason, we think the Commissioners are interested in our problem.
It is not a personal problem. It is a problem that you ahould take as a
City problem. Now what do we ask from you"
We ask from you a resolution. A resolution of concern that you should be
concerned about this problem of the community welfare and address yourselves
to the Governor of the State and to the Supreme Court who is governing the
Bar and the Board of Examiners and ask them for any investigation to what
seems very reluctant to be plan and open discrimination to the Cuban
Community and thank you very much for hearing us and if you do the resolution
we aro demanding for, you are going to satisfy the community ambition to
have bright bi-lingual professionals here.
Mayor Ferro: Dr. Arango, let me ask you a question. The tests that were
rakee for this. Are they standard or were you given a separate test?
Dr. Arango: No, a standard test.
Meyer Fevre: Were the evaluations of those tests made by a committee or
WAS it done by one individual?
Dr. Aranso: The Board of Examiners.
Mayor Ferrel The Board of Examiners goes over the tests.
Dr. Arango: Yes.
OCT 141975
t.r. Arango: They WA such a broad d
ration
Mayor Ferre: That's the question.
Dr. Arango: such a broad discretion that they publish in a book
with the rules of the board, that they can stop or give or give
pass, Anybody they want regardless of the qualifications -
at
he
Mayor Ferre: I am trying to get to a quc-:tion. The question in this.
In the examination, is their a standard?
Dr. Arango: Yes.
Mayor Ferre: In tits ;standard, chety i:; ow: yuust. ?tit. For example,
a question regards torts and they have a variety of y or t' queations
that they ask regarding torts and you answer that question retarding
torts. Is their a right or wrong answer or is there a discretionary
point where a mar, well 1 don't Hike' the way the mnn answered?
Dr. Arango: There are 11 subjects going to the liar 'testa. 4 of them
go on a say? 7 are multiple choice.
Mayor Ferre: This is where I am heading. If 7 are multiple choice,
now there, there is no subjective opinion. You are either right or
wrong.
Dr. Arango: Yes.
Mayor Ferre: If the to i lute of the candidate be he Cuban -American or
any other kind of an American, he based on the wrong answers in a
multiple choice test, then 1 am sure that you would have nothing to
taok about. You don't want a different standard?
Dr. Arango: No we don't want to get any privilege. We want only to
be on the ith amendment, you know, dut prop c:s ; through the loth
amendment applicable to the State. That's all, but we feel that the
numbers talk by themselves and we have very very capable people among
us who have been failed.
Mayor Ferre: Your point, as l: understand it, and it seems to be a
valid point is that how can a man such as yourself, not only a graduate
of Havana but a graduate of the Sorbohn in Paris and one of the beat
univer:-:lties it tht world.
Dr. Arango: I was a pt�ofc'ssor at Sorbonne.
Mayor Ferro: Heidelberg? and the institute at the Hague in Holland.
And you were a graduate from there too?
Dr. Avenge: Yes.
Mayor Ferre: You were a professor at the Sorbonne in France and you
were a graduate of the Heidelberg University in Germany and graduate
of the Center of International Law at the oases.
Dr. Arango: And I came here to fail this test
Mayor Ferre: Taking this exam and fail it, you find that is is
unreasonable to assume that after having passed so many tests in
different reentries and speaking 9 lamsaaitea, that you foel that
you probably answered correctly.., and the tact that you are not an
attorney to due to the promise that perhaps there were other consid-
erations. What you want is for this Commission to go on record
requesting that the Coversor and that the Supreme Court have au
tavestigetton.
Dr. Arango: An investigation. That the City of Miami is concerned
about what happened and that's all.
•
Mr. Mont to: May 1 soy something? My name is Francct Mcntera.
I think he missed one point very important. The examinations of the
gar are supposed to be confidential and the examiner is net supposed
to know anybody's name, like its secret. if you are giving the exam,
you are not supposed to know who I am. This is the first time it is
not secret. its not secret because if you are the examiner and you
give every one of us, 190 that text, you know its a Cuban who wrote
it.
Mrs. Gordon: You mean your names were an it? Otherwise there were
never names only numbers?
Mr. Montero: Right.
Mayor Ferret 1 want to repeat this because I think this is very
important. What you are saying is -
When Jessie Mc Crary took his exam or anybody else took the exam,
it didn't have his name on it, the c.I.Naminer ctid not know by name
whether the applicant or v.turvEt it. :: hod ally kind Ili a t;attist►
surname or anything else. in this case, that was not the case.
Mr. Montero: No, in this case, what 1 am saying is that aver with
our name, our number, he can know it very well. If he got my exam,
he probably knew it was a Cuban who was writing it because we don't
write the same wny an a Fellow who went here to school for 11 year:;.
Mayor Ferre: That is different now. That is n different statement,
You are not saying that yout• name was on the exam. What you are
saying is that the examiner could tell by looking nt it -
Mr. Montero : Right., Me knew Cubans ---
Mayor Ferre: Well I willtell you, I don't know of any way to avoid
that.
Mr.Montero: No, but "i just wanted to make the point that I think it
is the first time -
Mrs. Gordon: I have a question of information. I don't know which
of the gentlemen can answer it but, is it possible that the score
would have been high enough to be considered passing and yet the
application could have been rejected by the examiners?
Mr. No ntero: No, the way they do it, they take the highest 107.,
lots say 1200 people took the test, they take the highest 120 and
they divide it and get a percentage and whoever is in 20 points of
that, you pass.
Mr. Si lveira : My name is Frank Diaz Silveira. There are 2 points
that I would like to bring out regarding this subject.
These people have been going through a 2-year program at the
University of Florida and they passed this program. The University
of Florida said that they were qualified to take this teat
We are not talking about people that just wsat over there to take
e test, without knowing the language. They have been qualified by
the University of Florida after completing a full 2-year course.
so, I believe that they went to take this test vtth the sage qual-
ifications as the rest of the people. The course was taken in
english. not in spanish, and they passed the test.
That is the first point. The second point is that out of the 11
subjects of the exam, 4 subjects are essay or subjective tests.
The examiners have quite ample discretion for these kind of tests
because they have not a true answer or a wrong answer and the 3rd
point is. that even though all the Angles were approved or qualified
to take the exam before they took the exam, the Cubans. oven those
who passed the test are not yet qualified because they received a
Letter before taking the test saying or stating that they did not
scrota them completely and even though they passed the test, they
would have to go to further screening. Maybe some of those 16 that
passed the teat out of the ore hundred and some. will not be able
to practice because they have to go to soother screening. Well
the Aagtee, 1 moss the Americans, these are all Americans, the
Arots s de not have to go through that screealag.
4
Mayor Ferre: That will be cove in our motion, that this all be
investigated.
Mr. Lloyd, 1 think, since you are going to have to be drafting this,
please follow this.
Rev. Gibson: Mr. Mayor, please so I could understand your anguish
Sir, it is true maybe that they could tell Mom the way you vxprescc -
yourself, t want to tell you this, that t understand what you are
haying because they could also tell. who I am because 1 have n ghetto
language, understand? So, we all share the concern ,nbeut discrimination.
I want to warn the Commission however. that I think we ought to ask,
not - 1 am not .o stir( Tar. Mayor that the word "investigate" - thnt
bother:; me. i would rat he: Gcr us deal with the matter in n more
delicate fashion. That is not to pass the Mick nor to cluck the issue.
If you have a Board, aid you say to the Board - I don't trust you-
then immediately, you get one response but if this Commission went
on record that we arc concerned, that: 180 r ' h;srss who nttei,tlyd the
Universit) ot: Fir; 1uo who got the ,,Lonir of ;sip;'rnvat t>i t h& Univel t. ty
of Florida had been prepared educationally to pass the Bar, did not
pass, only 10, that is a different approach -,do you know what I meant
I do not want to negate the good I might do.
Mayor Ferre: We have now taken 20 minutes on this, and we really
must move nn. Dr you Want: to add something?
Mr. Morales: My name is cs+.illarmo Morales. i was borer in Cuba.
I would like to bring outthe importance of our class.
Imam one of the flanked 1.l4, My only claim to distinction is age.
I at a f3 year old coed. 1 took the (outse with flying colors.
t can't conceive of a greater travesty, of ;1 greater exammple of
discrimination, than what has just taken place.
We have come to you because you are our sounding hoard and yole may
be our star of hope and what has happened is going to send shock
waves not only through this communit:y but ci..ewhcr.e.
I will tell you why. We were thoroughly resigned to our fate when
we came here as exile lawyers because we know, by reason of our
profession, that in no field is a man less qualified when he
transplants from one area to another. But, we were given reason
to believe that we would get fair treatment.
We were fired with the hope that we might be able to rebuild our
lives in the field of law. We also hoped to bring something to this
commuu i t y that you need. You need us as much as we need yot'.
t deplore these dreadful issues that we have on racial discrimination.
Why don't we have its Because when we look at a man whose skin is
black. we look at the gleam of his eye. We i.:t eten to the tone of his
voice. It his eye reflects friendship, if his voice rings true,
that's a man, we shake his hand. We are not worried about racial
equality. We are not worried about racial discrimination. We are
worried about racialrespect and raciallove and we can do more to
bring about the cordiality that our society needs than perhaps
any force to the United States. I don't want to bore you because
I know that -your time is precious and t know perhaps its the pangs
of hunger that are affecting you but t am bursting with indignation
because of what's happened. Hero apportionately thank God, I don't
depend on being allowed to practice law in Florida.
I did want it and t felt it was a duty to go through this course,
but this is dreadful. Were are hundreds of sea are led to believe
that they would get fair treatment. On the face of it, the treatment
is host unfair. When the University tells us that 174 are qualified
after taking the: same examinations at the University that American
students take, and we era told .that not LOx of us aro qualified to
pasts and I an proud of my American tiesbut I an thoroughly ashamed
of the low stripe of many of the characters who came to that
examination. We were told that you had to wear a dress and many
of then cane in sandals. others smelled bad . Me bad vary much to
offer to this comauatty and ve want to stand with you and we want
to sestet is having this dre+sdful travesty on justice corrected.
I vast to give you ono oxample of the many things we have done
in Cuba. Its the attitude of the people towards a lawyer.
■
eiar.#e.... ^....
i
t won't ask yot+ what the average image of an American is towards
an attorney. t will tell you what the image of the Cuban is.
The day on which the entire community of 350 or 400,000 cubans
celebrate and join hands with the attorney in celebrating him day.
Why didn't we have racial troubled in Cuba?
Becaume the whites liberated their nei;roea. Because they fought
shoulder to shoulder in the war of independence and for 100 other
reasons, I don't have time to tell you, we have mach to offer and
we seek the privilege of doing mo if you will allow ties.
2 beg to express the hope that this Commis sou will appoint rapidly,
a commission to work with you that will allow our group to express
itself in drafting the n+ere'sary rape. ; so that thin: manat t•nus
injustice may be correct►_. t thank your.
Mayor Ferret Counselor, 1 think you made your point very adequately
and I conatatulnte you and your associates for your eloquence and
your dilligence and your ►'nncrTti u•hi• nt►rs.
I think : tnce we `Lave now ',CCt& Oh t1► i . c T 2!) winiti oars it i tt t innP
to make a motion and get on with the job.
Rev. Gibson: Mr. Mayor, i would offer a motion that a resolution
be passed expressing this kind of a sentiment that we implore the
Governor: of the State, as well as the examining Board of Lawyers
of the State of Florida to look into the high percentage of failures
on the part of the Latin American people who take the hai' exam.
In view of the tact that they have already completed 2 years of
study by the University of Florida, which said that they were
qualified and that if they take the BAR, they find themselves rather
frustrated.
At that point, somebody then gar to respond. That's the motion.
Mr. Reboso: Second.
Mrs. Gordon: 1 lust wanted 1:0 kt1C.t.' could shorten the motion
a little bit.
Rev. Gibson: Well I don't mind shortening it but 1 want the Governor
to know that while we are not asking for an investigation, we are
concerned and distressed.
Mrs. Gordon: And that will be turned into A resolution?
Mr. Mc Crary: Mr. Mayor, speaking as a private citizen of the City
of Miami, I don't want the Commission to go wrong. I think what the
Commission ought to do in its resolution, 1 am merely suggesting, is
not mix two branches of government.
(1) we ought to implore the Supreme Court to look into it since
Lawyers and Examining Boards are under the direct jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court, it may be well to send the Governor a copy of it
expressing our concern.
Rev.Gibsoa: Jesse, 1 have no problem with the procedure. My problem
is that the fact is known and whatever the procedure is ny Brother,
I am for it.
Mayor Ferret What Jesse is saying and 1 want you to listen very
carefully to this. The Governor has nothing to do with this and
neither has the City of Miami Commission. People that have the
direct say on this is the Florida Bar which in turn is under the
State of Florida Supreme Court. Our Resolution must go --I said that
Florida Bar is, the Supreme Court is over the Florida Bar. The
exam is given by the Florida Bar, Therefore, the exam to the Florida
Bar to the Supreme Court and the top authority is the Supreme Court
and sot the Governor so let us address our resolution to the Supreme
Court with a copy to the President of the Florida Bar and a copy to
tt;e governor of the State of Florida.
Rev. Gibson: i have no problem with that, beautiful. Proceed with
that. That is the tatest of the motion.
Mrl. ';ordon s Then a resolution will bn prepnreci and we will vote
on that,
Uni►II:nt i fied: rir. Mayor, t want to clarify th st when we went to
thnt »r.amtnation, we were under a resolution of the Supreme Court
which appointed ae one of ita main points, what we were going to
graduate for the benefit of this latin community of this Dade County
tommssnity, no I think they should take care of this thing, of this
Phase of the resolution of the Supreme Court in order of your
allegation as representatives of this community,
Rev. ribson: Sit, let- me suggest you get with Mr. Lloyd and put:
that i';tcet in it
Mayer Ferret We have .i motion and second. Further si1scums ion?
Call the (loll.
Mr. Southern, City clerk. Mr. Plummer
Mr. Plummer: I vote yes.
Mr. Southern: Mr. Reboso?
Mr. Reboso: Yes.
Mr. Southern: Reverend Gibson?
Rev. Gibson: Yes
Mr. Southern: Mts. Gordon?
Mrs. Cordon: Yea.
Mt. Southern: Mayor Fer.re?
Mayor Ferre: I vote yes.
This Commission is now in recess until 2 O'Clock P.M.
tl . 4,1
ti'..'i• C:^ t t IN .Lt.
Citu&f 41tam
aribn
(Ilffttr of the ettst Clerk
httti '!ta i
31If0 Van tit,•rtr:'.tt titbit
iltJtttt, ;t1ttrt'a a31))
October 28, 1975
Mr. J. Rex Parrior, Jr.
President, Florida Bar Association
Tallahassee, Florida 32304
SoLrrHI— N
t'ir. C'tEr.t
itAI.WM Co. ONC+If'
Assistit♦t CITY CL JK
Dear Mr. Farrior,
At the request of the City Commission of Miami, Florida enclosed herewith
in certified copy of Resolution No. 75.995.
HDS/rn.
enc.
Yours truly,
N.D. Southern
City ('Jerk
Deputy City Clerk
•
LERK
._wt t. I
(Ifftre of tilt, tit, Ekr1:
CON
151111 Ilan American Otter
Iiitamt. Ylortba 13113
October 2S, 1975
Supreme Court
State of Florida
Tallahassee, Florida 32304
1-4 t).
Cm* Ct.r
RALPH O. 4:AWE
Assistee Ci?, CLEPIK
At the request of the City Commission of the City of Miami, Florida
enclosed herewith is certified copy of Resolution No. Y5-995.
HDS/rn.
enc.
•
Yours truly,
H.D.Southern
City Clark
/ L
By t
Deputy City t:lerk
AMY
rEPU 1 Y CLE:F<rC
fay .rt._�.v
of Aiami, lar u
tIffite of thr tit tELrrk
ttiti� 1!+att
3a1111 Van Amer tcatt Nor
littamt, 3Ftnttda 3;A13J
October 28, 1975
Honorable Reuben Askew, Governor
State of Florida
Tallahassee, Florida 32304
��. D SOUTH J N
Cl.r(LER.
f<ALPH C,. ONCdi
ASSWANT CST, C! ERR
Dear Governor Askew,
At the request of the City Commission of. Miami, Florida, enclosed herewith
is certified copy of Resolution No. 75-995.
HDS/rn.enc. By
Yours truly,
11.1). St,rtthern
City Clerk
Deputy City Clerk