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AGREEMENT INFORMATION AGREEMENT NUMBER 25845 NAME/TYPE OF AGREEMENT MIAMI-DADE COUNTY DESCRIPTION GRANT AGREEMENT/LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY 2025 APPROVAL PROCESS/FILE ID: 18297/R-25-0455/MATTER ID: 25-3168K EFFECTIVE DATE ATTESTED BY NICOLE EWAN ATTESTED DATE 12/9/2025 DATE RECEIVED FROM ISSUING DEPT. 12/10/2025 NOTE DOCUSIGN AGREEMENT BY EMAIL CITY OF MIAMI DOCUMENT ROUTING FORM ORIGINATING DEPARTMENT: Department of Fire -Rescue DEPT. CONTACT PERSON: Vishwani Ramlal-Campbell EXT: (305) 416-5465 NAME OF CONTRACTUAL PARTY/ENTITY: Miami -Dade Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 IS THIS AGREEMENT TO BE EXPEDITED/RUSH TOTAL CONTRACT AMOUNT: TYPE OF AGREEMENT: ❑ MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT ❑ PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT ® GRANT AGREEMENT ❑ EXPERT CONSULTANT AGREEMENT ❑ LICENSE AGREEMENT OTHER: (PLEASE SPECIFY): YES®NO FUNDING INVOLVED? OYES ONO ❑ PUBLIC WORKS AGREEMENT ❑ MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT ❑ INTER -LOCAL AGREEMENT ❑ LEASE AGREEMENT ❑ PURCHASE OR SALE AGREEMENT PURPOSE OF ITEM (DETAILED SUMMARY/ADD ADDITIONAL PAGES IF NECESSARY): To adopt the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy dated September 2025 COMMISSION APPROVAL DATE: 11/20/2025 FILE ID: 18297 ENACTMENT NO: R-25-0455 IF THIS DOES NOT REQUIRE COMMISSION APPROVAL, PLEASE EXPLAIN: ROUTING INFORMATION Date PLEASE PRINT AND SIGN APPROVAL BY DEPARTMENTAL DIRECTOR December 5, 2025 PRINT: ROBERTHEV 113:19:00 E. SIGNATURE: initial � - ocu igneId y : �bILO (�c ►a SUBMITTED TO RISK MANAGEMENT December 5, 2025 PRINT: DAV ned by: 113:24:23 ES SIGNATURE: Q SUBMITTED TO CITY ATTORNEY December 8, 2025 PRINT: GEORGa 115:55:47 EST PRINT: SIGNATURE bNG III /I1 0"Sbl�lIll `-88778EFE88248B... DS 6CPSIGNATURE: Matter ID# 25-3168K APPROVAL BY ASSISTANT CITY MANAGER APPROVAL BY DEPUTY CITY MANAGER December 9, 2025 PRINT: NATASHA 110:27:30 EST SIGNATURE: COLEBROOK-WILLIAMS ,—DocuSigned by: Nr Goa o4-1441 a " RECEIVED BY CITY MANAGER December 9, 2 PRINT: ART "akereizal3 25 1 11:49:34 E Targuity ivOVl SIGNATURE: 0 SUBMITTED TO THE CITY CLERK December 9, 2025 PRINT: TODD 119:54:54 EST SIGNATURE: H p— igned by: s: -� PLEASE ATTACH THIS ROUTING FORM TO ALL DOCUMENTS THAT REQUIRE EXECUTION BY THE CITY MANAGER City of Miami Master Report Enactment Number: R-25-0455 City Hall 3500 Pan American Drive Miami, FL 33133 www.miamigov.com File Number: 18297 File Type: Resolution Revision: File Name: Approve - Miami -Dade Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 Requesting Dept: Department of Fire -Rescue Status: ADOPTED Controlling Body: City Commission Introduced: 10/3/2025 Final Action Date: 11/20/2025 Title: A RESOLUTION OF THE MIAMI CITY COMMISSION, WITH ATTACHMENT(S), AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO ADOPT THE MIAMI-DADE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY ("LMS") DATED SEPTEMBER 2025 ON BEHALF OF THE CITY OF MIAMI ("CITY"), ATTACHED AND INCORPORATED AS EXHIBIT "A"; AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER, THROUGH THE DEPARTMENT OF FIRE - RESCUE, DIVISION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, TO APPLY FOR, ACCEPT, AND EXPEND SUB -AWARD MITIGATION GRANT FUNDS THROUGH VARIOUS STATE AND FEDERAL PROJECT FUNDING PROGRAMS AVAILABLE UPON ADOPTION OF THE LMS AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY STANDARDS. Notes: Links: Attachments: 18297 Exhibit A (PDF) History of Legislative File: Revision: Acting Body: Date: Action: Result: Robert C Hardy Johnny Duran Pedro Lacret Adrian Plasencia Niorge Aragon Robert Hevia Marie Gouin Arthur Noriega V Legislative Division Juan Carlos Perez George K. Wysong III City Commission City Commission Mayor's Office City Clerk's Office 10/9/2025 10/9/2025 10/14/2025 10/16/2025 10/22/2025 10/22/2025 10/22/2025 10/22/2025 10/23/2025 11/6/2025 11/6/2025 11/20/2025 11/20/2025 11/26/2025 11/26/2025 City Clerk's Office 11/26/2025 Fire Review Fire Budget Review Budget Analyst Review Fire Review Fire Review Fire Chief Review Budget Review City Manager Review Legislative Division Review ACA Review Approved Form and Correctness Meeting ADOPTED Signed by the Mayor Signed and Attested by the City Clerk Rendered Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed Passed Completed Completed Completed City of Miami Page 1 of 1 Printed on: 12/5/2025 City of Miami Resolution R-25-0455 Legislation City Hall 3500 Pan American Drive Miami, FL 33133 www.miamigov.com File Number: 18297 Final Action Date: 11/20/2025 A RESOLUTION OF THE MIAMI CITY COMMISSION, WITH ATTACHMENT(S), AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO ADOPT THE MIAMI-DADE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY ("LMS") DATED SEPTEMBER 2025 ON BEHALF OF THE CITY OF MIAMI ("CITY"), ATTACHED AND INCORPORATED AS EXHIBIT "A"; AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER, THROUGH THE DEPARTMENT OF FIRE -RESCUE, DIVISION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, TO APPLY FOR, ACCEPT, AND EXPEND SUB -AWARD MITIGATION GRANT FUNDS THROUGH VARIOUS STATE AND FEDERAL PROJECT FUNDING PROGRAMS AVAILABLE UPON ADOPTION OF THE LMS AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY STANDARDS. WHEREAS, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requires that community develop and adopt local hazard mitigation plans and identify projects that are intended to mitigate the impacts of natural and manmade hazards and to identify funding sources necessary to implement these projects; and WHEREAS, the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) provides a framework for local hazard mitigation plans to develop countywide Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) plans inclusive of all municipalities; and WHEREAS, FDEM provides technical assistance to the 67 counties in Florida in the updating of countywide LMS plans, including review, approval, and coordination with FEMA; and WHEREAS, the Miami -Dade County ("County") Board of County Commissioners adopted Resolution No. R-362-98 on March 31, 1998, approving the execution of a Hazards Mitigation Agreement with Florida; and WHEREAS, said agreement allowed the County, through the Office of Emergency Management ("OEM"), to establish a working group to oversee the development the County LMS; and WHEREAS, participants of the LMS working group include various departments of the County, state and federal agencies, local municipalities including the City of Miami ("City"), and various other private and public entities; and WHEREAS, in 2020, the County and its various municipalities adopted the Miami - Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 ("LMS 2020"); and WHEREAS, on September 9, 2020, the City adopted Resolution No. R-20-0261 City of Miami Page 1 of 3 File ID: 18297 (Revision:) Printed On: 12/5/2025 File ID: 18297 Enactment Number: R-25-0455 adopting the LMS for the 2020-2025 five-year cycle and authorizing the City Manager to apply for, receive, expend, and sub -award mitigation grant funds; and WHEREAS, FDEM requires that adopted countywide LMS plans be reviewed and updated by all 67 counties in the State of Florida every five years; and WHEREAS, the County and its various municipalities participating in the LMS committee have reviewed the LMS 2020 and updated the plan to complete the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy ("LMS 2025"); and WHEREAS, FDEM has reviewed and approved the LMS 2025 pursuant to FEMA standards for hazard mitigation planning; and WHEREAS, in order to maintain compliance with the FEMA standards for hazard mitigation planning and maintain eligibility to receive funding under various state and federal grant programs, the City must adopt the LMS 2025, which is attached hereto and incorporated as Exhibit A; and WHEREAS, the City has one hundred twenty-four (124) projects in the updated LMS plan; and WHEREAS, the Miami City Commission acknowledges that it is in the best interests of the City to adopt the LMS 2025; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MIAMI, FLORIDA: Section 1. The recitals and findings contained in the Preamble to this Resolution are adopted by referenced and incorporated as if fully set forth in this Section. Section 2. The City hereby adopts the LMS 2025, attached and incorporated as Exhibit "A". Section 3. The City Manager is authorized,' through the Department of Fire -Rescue, Division of Emergency Management, to apply for, accept, expend, and sub -award mitigation grant funds under various state and federal project funding programs available upon adoption of the LMS 2025 and in compliance with FEMA standards. Section 4. This Resolution shall become effective immediately upon its adoption and signature from Mayor.2 1 The herein authorization is further subject to compliance with all legal requirements that may be imposed, including but not limited to those prescribed by applicable City Charter and City Code provisions. 2 If the mayor does not sign this Resolution, it shall become effective at the end of ten (10) calendar days from the date it was passed and adopted. If the Mayor vetoes this Resolution, it shall become effective immediately upon override of the veto by the City Commission. City of Miami Page 2 of 3 File ID: 18297 (Revision:) Printed on: 12/5/2025 File ID: 18297 Enactment Number: R-25-0455 APPROVED AS TO FORM AND CORRECTNESS: ge Wy j ng III, C y tor -y 11/6/2025 City of Miami Page 3 of 3 File ID: 18297 (Revision:) Printed on: 12/5/2025 MIAMI' COUNTY COUNTI' MfrYrit zramC YCft"I September 15, 2025 Re: Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) 2025 Approval Process To Whom It May Concern: Department of Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy 9300 NW 41 St Miami, FL 33178 Email: mdlms@miamidade.gov Phone: 305-468-5427 Fax: 305-468-5401 This letter is to inform you that the Florida Division of Emergency Management has approved the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 Plan pending adoption. This status is granted once all technical components of the plan have been determined to be met. To be fully approved, each jurisdiction must adopt the plan through their own governing body. Special taxing districts and certain types of agencies are also required to adopt the plan. County departments do not need to take action, as the Department of Emergency Management will be requesting the adoption by the Board of County Commissioners. Having an approved hazard mitigation plan is a requirement to participate in FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) programs such as the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). Please have your governing bodies adopt the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 Plan and provide a copy of the fully executed resolution to Robin Yang (Robin.Yang@miamidade.gov) and Diannis Barban(Diannis.Barban2@miamidade.gov), by responding to this letter through email. The current plan expires September 15, 2025, but there is a grace period in which participating agencies and jurisdictions will remain eligible to participate in FEMA HMA programs. Please adopt the plan by December 31, 2025, or let us know if you will not be able to meet this deadline. A low -resolution version of the plan was emailed to LMS partner representatives. A full resolution version of the plan may be downloaded from the official Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy website at: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/emergency/local-mitigation-strategy. page Please let us know if you have any questions or need any assistance. Sincerely, firAn Robin Yang, LMS Chair Miami -Dade County LMS dtaid trydatDepar ent Pre _Title 944e selcnedHezerdS Projen pe FundingSnuree stireetedCorts tete PointVelue 20066 26/202511:35 0RE9 DINNER KEY MARINA BREAKWATERS MITIGATION Project in Planning Stage ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Stor3Surge,Other Beach/Seawall (NULL) 14,587,100.00 0 Please see Mr. Kercado of OCl for further information. 11225 2/26/202511:09 DREAM Emergency Management Area Comprehensive Security Camera cmplete System for City Marinas and Boat Ramp 50% This project involves the installation of military/commercial grade CCTV systems at City Marinas and Boat Ramps (specifically,Dinner Key Marina, Miamarina,Ma rine Stadium Marina, Seminole Boat Ramp, Watson Island Boat Ramp). These cameraswillprovide Ciry management, enforcement services with real-time surveillance of these waterfront properties. Cameras will help document damages from storms and other disasters, as well as assist in preventing and investigating potential acts of terrorism, sabotage, drug and human trafficking. The Cities access to high- ualityphotos/video produced by this equipment will assist in alleviating repetitive loss. Currently, City of Miami marinas and boat launch areas are not adequately equipped to capture images/video related o the aforementioned vulnerabilities; this requires the City to commit limited public-safety/security resources In Its place. The quality/features of the type of system being considered suggests that such mitigation is expected to last through and address hazards for over 10 years, but possibly less than 20. There seems to be n0 apparent effect on the environment from the installation of such equipment, other than that It will Improve the City's ability to report/prevent Identified Funding Source 269,000.00 24 environmental hazards in or near our waterways. Modem marine CCTV systems, particularly those which are of commerclaVmilpary grade are capable of capturing/recording high definition images over long distances/and in a multitude of environmental conditions (night, rain, wind, etc.). Given these advantages, having high-grade cameras at the proposed locations may benefit areas/jurisdictions outside the City of Miami's control: state/federal submerged lands, ports, and other municipalities. The primary responsibility of operating and accessing these cameras will be controlled by the City of Miami Police Department; which would be the direct liaison to federal/state law enforcement bodies. Given the vulnerabilities involved, such equipment will have the potential of protecting/saving well over 1,000lives. At this current point in time, the City of Miami has allocated some resources for the installation of these cameras at 1-2 locations. It has been determined that such equipment will require specialized expertise and would likely take 6 months tot M years to cmplete. 11099 3/1/202122:00 DREAM Structural Upgrades to Pilings and Rigging Systems at OKM & Mooring Field ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Power Failure5ea Level Construction/Project Beguncuriry Breach,Storm Surge,Technological Disruption,Wind Infrastructure (Building) Identified Funding Source 15,441,000.00 This is project consists of comprehensive feasibility study and the implementation of measures to fortify Dinner Key Marina and Mooring Field to better withstand tropical storm and hurricane related damages. The work would involve an engineering/environmental study and construction of strengthened marine structures (marina docks, piers, and pilings. ..) Such work would aim at increasing the I. -span of main marina structure for 20-39 years, possibly more. This Hem is a critical counterpart to the proposed mitigation of Dinner Key Marina's electrical/plumbing system, hence it directly implies similar benefits/risk reduction characteristics. The Dinner Key Marina faces the South -Eastern Caribbean and is vulnerable to churning storm surge that enters between Key Biscayne and Elliot Key from the Atlantic. Hurricaneexperienced damage from 3 to 5 foot storm surge. Such damage included: direct g water damage (flood), physical adamage,anddebris. The storm surge exerted undesirable buoyancy (upward pressure) to the marina's dock/pier infrastructure and related components. In addition, the storm surge smashed vessels into the docks/pier structures; breaking pilings, pipes, electrical pedestals, conduits, and releasing debris into Biscayne y. This upgrade addresses the protection from 3 hazards (life -safety, environmental, and property/structure damage) D resides near a residential/commercial areas (specifically, the Coconut Grove area), which a high volume of restaurants, attractions, and related foot -traffic. Given its location and design, the marina maintain o has multiple access points (including direct linkages to public walkways) which become difficult to control once the site has been compromised by a disaster. This increases risk of physical injury to local residents/marina patrons attempting to traverse the pathways and docks. The successful completion of such improvements will reduce the time it will take the marine facility to continue its essential services after a disaster, further reducing risk to private property (such as sunken/disabled vessels) and associated hazards. The speed at which this marina recovers from a storm influences multiple factors, such as: resiliency of City assets, service to live -aboard customers, recovery of local business and leisure activities, marina revenues (City), recovery of private property, control/access to nearby waterways, and overall public safety. Given the above described, such a project would likely take 1 to 2 years to complete as it involves complex work and design. However, the project would positively impact the welfare and resiliency of the local community and marina visitors (more than 10,000 people). 11162 2/2/202113:56 DREAM Breakwater/jetty for Miamarina Bayside Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source (NULL) 70 This project is a feasibility study on the impact of a breakwater in or around the Miamarina, protecting its users from storm/wind damage similar to that experienced during Hurricane Irma. After Hurricane Irma, damages at Miamarina were found to be nominal in comparison to those experienced at Dinner Key Marina. However, hurricane related storm surge did effect the eastern -most portions of the marina, causing damages to pilings and electrical pedestals/transformers. Most damages sustained appeared to be related to the thrashing of vessels against the This k structures. project Is an efficacy study of breakwater systems that will protect the Miamarina from powerful storm surge, and further reduce the marina's exposure to turbulent waters. The study would focus on breakwater structures which an be deployed in a safe and environmental friendly manner. The work would involve an engineering/environmental review and proposal. Eventual construction would be aimed at increasing the lHe-span of one of the Cities largest marina facilities, beyond 20-39 years. The study seeks to address 3 hazards (life -safety, environment, and property/structure damage). Based on the damaged assessed from the most recent incident, such damages may pose a life -safety & environmental risk. In particular: submerged debris and vessels, heavy (fresh)water leaks, displaced fireboxes, broken transformers/electrical equipment and loose pilings. Given the described, such a project would likely take 6 months to 1 year to complete as it involves a site assessment and feasibility study. The completion of this project would allow the City to pursue the realization (cos rucion)of the proposed. This would positively impact the welfare and resiliency of the local community, surrounding waterways, and impact well over 10,000 people in a given year. Successful completion of a breakwater system near Miamarina involves orotectine public assets worth over S50 million dollars as well as several million In private property. 11111 2/2/202113:46 DREAM New/improved (removable) floating docks/or ot.r marine infrastructure innovation for Boa Ramps at Seminole/Watson Bom Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise,Storm Surge Other Ramps Identified Funding Source 200,000.00 This is a study and realization (construction) of innovative hardening solutions to City Boat ramps which would assist in Protecting/recovering from a major storm ar adjust to impending sea -level rise. The study would focus on floating dock and rigging systems (permanent in nature) which can be easily removed and redeployed at the onset of a storm (repetitively). The work would involve an engineering/environmental review and construction of replaceable/moveable floating dock system. Such work, would aim at increasing the life -span of two of the Cities largest boat ramp (launch) facilities, to between 20-39 years. During Hurricane Irrna, the City's Watson Island and Seminole Boat Ramp facilities experienced extensive damage from 3-5 foot storm surge. Such damage included, direct water damage (flood), physical damage, and the release of related debris. The storm surge exerted undesirable buoyancy to the f inger pier and ramp structure(s). This damaged, coupled with sunken vessels/debris forced the City to make a precautionary (life/safety) decision to close these boat launch areas to the public. Seminole Boa Ramp resides near Dinner Key; that which is located in close proximity to a residential /commercial area. The boat ramps are regularly used access points by residents, visitors, businesses, staff, and emergency services. Given the utility year-round, disabling.. a faciiit, may Impact over10,000 people any given Year. 68 This upgrade project would address the protection from 3 hazards (life -safety, environmental, and damages property/structures). Based on the damaged assessed in the declared incident, the destruction of the boat ramp created an unhospitable area In/and around the boat ramp shoreline, which included submerged debris, vessels, broken docks, and loose pilings. Because of t. location and accessibility of these facilities, it is difficult for the City to control access to the public without dedicating a significant amount of public safety, security, and administrative resources. The successful completion of such improvements will reduce the time it will take the marine facility to avail access to the connected waterways. Further, the speed at which these facilities recover post -storm benefits federal, state, local emergency services in granting alternative access points to response vessels. The ability for these ramps to become operational shortly after a storrn positNely enforces the overall recovery of local business and leisure activities. Given the described, such a project would likely take 6 months to 1 year to complete as it involves a feasibility/design phase and the installation of movable structures. The combined project (Watson Island/Seminole Boat Ramp) would positively impact the welfare and resiliency of the local community, surrounding waterways, and impact more than 10,000 people in a given year. 25979 1/10/202513:32 Fire Miami Fire Rescue- Fire Station 8 Hardening P P PP PI g P more resistant to storm damage in the event a Hurricane Strength storm impacts the City of Miami. This project will address mitigation needs including upgrades to bay doors, entry doors and windows. In addition, a flood proofing panel will be inStalled to protect the egress of the generator room. Fire Station 8 Is approximately 11,865square feet and was built in 1970 prior to the strict revisions of the building code post Hurricane Andrew that devasted South Florida in 1992. Fire Station 8 is critical ,n meeting public safety needs for the Miami community where it provides effective and efficient fire prevention, fire suppression, disaster management, emergency medical care and other direct essential services ta save lives and protect property. The station normally houses 14 members, but during hurricane warnings it houses as many as 22 total personnel. Stakeholders include over 18,000 residents, business owners, and City emergency management teams and departments from Miami Fire Rescue, Division of merger, Management, Procurement Department and Miami Police Department. According to the SV1 Data from the CDC, Fire Station ItS„ located in 2ip Code 33133, has a SV1 rating of .5229. This places the residents served by Fire Station P8 in the.MODERATE TO HIGH LEVEL OF VULNERABILITY. category. Subrecipient shall: Infrastructure (Building) (0ULL) 546,863.00 91 1. Install (5) new Overhead Rolling Doors of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating 2. Remove and install all exterior windows and watch office windows of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating 3. Remove and install the following: exterior doors, interior metal doors, metal roof access doors and double interior equipment doors of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating and meet performance requirements of Category IV essential Facilities as per Florida Code 4. Remove and install Metal Louvers of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating 5. Install all electrical panels according to local code 6. Install lightning protection system of like size according to building co, 7. Install a flood panel of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. Flood Panel will pro.ct the Generator Room from water intrusion. 8. Roof will be replaced prior to commencement of work and funded with another source. TPO roof system which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. 9. The HVAC system for Station. has been recently replaced and does not need new installation. 25970 1/10/202513:30 Fire Miami Fire Rescue- Fire Station 6 Hardening je,tin Planning Stage , ind,Senurity Breach,Power Failure,TechnolagicalDisruptioInfrastructure (Building) (NULL) I he purpose o the proposed project is to harden the mdamage in the event a Hurricane eStrength rior ning envelope ot rStationire g more s stormmpacts the City of Miami. TThisproject will address mitigation needs including upgrades to bay doors, entry doors and windows. In addition, a flood proofing panel will be installed to protect the egress of the generator room. Fire Station approximately 11,840square feet and as built in 1972 prior to the strict revisions of the building code post HurriicaneAndrew that devasted South Florida in 1992. Fire Station 6 is critical in meeting public safety needs for the Miami community where it provides effective and efficient fire prevention, fire suppression, disaster management, emergency medical care and other direct essential services to save lives and protect property. The station normally houses 14 members, but during hurricane warnings t houses as many as 22 total personnel. Stakeholders include over 18,000 residents, business owners, and City emergency en and departments from Miami Fire Rescue, Division of Emergency Management, Procurement anM teams Police Department. According to the SVI Data from the CDC, Fire Station #6, located in Zip Code 2]t has a SVI rating of.9365. This places the residents served by Fire Station #6 in the " HIGHEST LEVEL OF SOCIAL VULNERABIL Subreclpiiel ntshall:category. 279,265.00 89 1 stall (6) new Overhead Rolling Doors of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating and install all exterior windows and watch office windows of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating Remove3. and install the following: exterior doors, interior metal doors, metal roof access doors and double interior equipment doors of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating and meet performance requirements of Category IV essential Facilities as per Florida Code Remove4. and install Metal Louvers of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating 5. Install all electrical panels according to local code 6. Install lightning protection system of like size according to building code 7. Install a flood panel of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. Flood Panel will protect theGenerator Room from water intrusion. 8. Roof will be replaced prior to commencement of work and funded with another source. TPO roof system which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. 9. The HVAC system for Station #6 has been recently replaced except for one unit in the Officers quarters. This (1) unit 28387 9/4/20247:12 Fire City of Miami Fire Station#13 Flood Mitigation Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Storm Surge Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 900,000.00 75 Fire Station a 13)FS13)is critical facility in meeting public safety needs for the Miami community where it provides effective and efficient fire prevention, fire suppression, disaster management, emergency medical care and other direct essential services. The purpose of the proposed project is to install Automatic Floodgates to all the door and apparatus openings to 'to flood risk to the fire station. This is a passive flood control system with permanently installed floodgates (installation requires on -site construction) that deploy automatically with rising floodwaters, providing reliable protection without human intervention. These installations will significantly enhance the flood resilience of critical emergency se facilities. FENIA states its preference for passive flood mitigation es because eliminates human ntervention. Passive flood barriers like the Automatic Floodgates, eliminate this risk and deploy automatically regardless of whether personnel can get at the site or not. These self -rising flood barriers, unlike traditional flood control measures, permanently mitigate flood risk without reliance an people or power. The project Is not Intended to protect lives and the building will be evacuated, if required by local government. The scope of work includes the installation of passive flood gates in 9 exterior doors and 4 apparatus roll doors to minimize therisk of flooding to FS 13. This project will address mitigation needs by installing automatic floodgates around the building's perimeter to eliminate flood risk to FS 13. They will be designed for long service life with minimal maintenances° they will operatefor decades. The proposed activities will minimize risks and reduce losses from future disasters and flood hazards. Labor services will be contracted out to a vendor selected by the City of Miami's 8/8/20248:19 Fire Miami Fire Rescue- Fire Station 3 Hardening Future unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/storm Surge,Wind,securiry Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 745,925.00 00 Breach,Technological Bisruptlon,Starm Surge The purpose of the proposed project is to harden the exterior building envelope of Fire Station 3, Fire Administration and Logistics making the building more resistant to storm damage in the event a Hurricane Strength storm impacts the City of Miami. This project will address mitigation needs including upgrades to entry doors, entry windows, interior etch cage windows, interior bay doors, and (flat) roofing. Fire Station 3 building is approximately 4,896 square feet and was built in 1970 and later in 1965, Administration/Logistics building were built prior to the strict revisions of the building code post Hurricane Andrew that devastated South Florida in 1992; the lot square footage is 126,521, which includes fire garage and logistics. Fire Station 3 is critical in meeting public safety needs for the Miami community where it provides effective and efficient fire prevention, fire suppression, disaster management, emergency medical care and other direct essential services to save lives and protect property. The station normally houses 10 members, and during hurricane warnings, logistics and fire administration also houses additional personnel as needed. Subrecipient shall: Re1. move and install all exterior windows and watch office windows of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating Remove2. and install the following: exterior doors, interior metal doors of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating and meet performance requirements of Category IV essential Facilities as per Florida Code 3. vand install Metal Louvers of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating 4. Install lie ratingghtning protection system of like size according to building code 5. Install a flood panel of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. Flood Panel will protect theGenerator Room from water intrusion. 6. Roof will be replaced to flat roof system which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. 27646 7/11/2024702 Fire Miami Fire Rescue Fire Station S Hardening Funding Applied for ,Security Breach,5torm Surge,Technological The purpose of the proposed project is to harden the exterior building envelope of Fire Station 5, making the building Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 714,4]].74 27937 7/2/20249 Miami Fire Rescue- Fire Station 1 Hardening Funding Applied far ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Health,Power Failure,Sea Level Rise,Security Breach,Storm Surge,Technological Infrastructure (Building) Disruption,Wind (NULL) The purpose of the proposed project is to harden the exterior building envelope of Fire Station 1, making the building 375,000.00 93 more resistant to storm damage in the event a Hurricane Strength storm impacts the City of Miami. SOW includes lighting protection, windows, roll -up bay doors and doors. 2760.8 10/14/202315:37 Fire Miami Fire Rescue- Fire Station] Hardening Funding Applied for ,Flood/Storm Surge,Storm Surge,Technological Infrastructure )Building) (NULL The purpose of the proposed project is to harden the exterior building envelope of Fire Station], making the building Di p n,Wind,Flood,Securiry Breach ) s51,325.00 89 more resistant to storm damage in the event a Hurricane Strength storm impacts the City of Miami. 10895 8/7/202310:15 Fire • Fire -Rescue TrainingCenter/Backup 911Center Funding Secured ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Health,Power Failure,Sea Level Rise,Security Breach,Storm Surge,Technological Infrastructure (Building) Disruption,Wild Fire,Wind Identified Funding Source 3,062,879.29 Miami is a major in the port city ot Dade County, thet municipali�Atlantic is theaprincipall, central, and theesoutheastern m st populous cty of the eMsamies.As the t metropolitan area sand part of the second -most populous metropolis in the southeastern United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, metro area is the eighth -most populous and fourth -largest urban area in the U.S., with a population of around million.5.5 The City of Miami is home to a very diverse population with over 450,000 residents Ina 38.5 square mile radius making the City extremely dense with regards to its population and population density. The City of Miami Department of Fire Rescue is a full service Fire Department providing Fire protection, Emergency Medical Services, Hazardous Materials response,well as hosting one of the 28 national Urban Search and Rescue Teams. The Ft of Fire 222ue is a Class 1 ISO rated organization that serves the City of Miami Residents and visitors, responding to over 103,000 runs In 2016. The continued growth of the City, provides unique challenge, on the Department to be able to keep up with the very increasing demands for services. In order to to keep pace with this increased level of services, it is imperative for the Fire Departments leadership to be vigilant in maintaining n adequate workforce, trained to the highestlevels. The city owns and operates Its own Fire Rescue er located in the City's southern neighborhood known as Coconut Grave tasked with training future fireefighters in all of the aspects of today's fire service. This facility is crucial to the City of Miami not only for the training it provides to the fire department, but it also serves multiple uses for the essential operations of emergency services. Those additional uses include serving as a back to the City's PSAP (Public Safety Answering Points), to house City employees and families during disasters (as in Hurricane Irma), to conduct community outreach and disaster education, as a staging area during disasters including the need for K-9 facilities to house USA. search and rescue dogs, and as a point of distribution (POD) when needing to conduct health evaluations and vaccinations as in the numerous pandemics experienced by this community. Finally, the city, Cs also backed -up at this facility. Over the years, this facility has experienced repetitive losses during natural events. The roof Is beyond repair and needs to be completely replaced and the damage caused by the recent winds and water from Irma makes the restoration of this facility questionable. The replacement of this critical facility would serve the Fire Department and the City much better due to the age and conditions of the facility. Previous contamination to the grounds could require actionsmitigation that would be fiscally restrictive to any restoration project. 27400 5/16/202310:32 Fire 53/Fire Administratran/ Logistics Hardening Future Unfunded Project .Flood,Flaav/52,,l Surge,Wlnd,Te<M1nological Di p n, over Failure,Security Breach 536 9/13/202212:32 Fire Fire Station Hardening 10846 2/2/202113:54 Fire Funding Applied for Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 650,000.00 79 The purpose of the proposed project is to harden the exterior building envelope of Fire Station 3, Fire Administration and Logistics making the building more resistant to storm damage in the event a Hurricane Strength storm impacts the City of Miami. This project will address mitigation needs including upgrades to entry doors, entry windows, Interior etch cage windows, interior bay doors, and (flat) roofing. Fire Station 3 building is approximately 4,896 square feet and was built in 1970 and later in 1985, Administration/Logistics building were built prior to the strict revisions of the building code post Hurricane Andrew that devastated South Florida In 1992; the lot square footage is 126,521, which includes fire garage and logistics. Fire Station 3 is critical in meeting public safety needs far the Miami community where it provides effective and efficient fire prevention, fire an, disaster medical care and other direct essential services to save lives and protectproperty. The sstation nnormally houes10cmembers, and during hurricane warnings, lagistiu and fire administration also houses additional personnel as needed. Subrecipient shall: 1 Remove and install all exterior windows and watch office windows of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating Remove2. and install the following: exterior doors, interior metal doors of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating and meet performance requirements of Category IV essential Facilities as per Florida Cade 3. vand install Metal Louvers of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating 4. Install lie ghtning protection system of like size according to building code 5. Install a flood panel of like size which meet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. Flood Panel will protect the Generator Room from water intrusion. 6. Roof will be replaced to flat roof system whichmeet or exceed local current hurricane code rating. The Miami Fire Department provides an -going E.M.S., fire suppression and fire prevention services to our 362,470 residents and the 480,000 individuals who traverse our city daily. Most of these services begin with a call to and response from one of 14 fire stations. The impact of a hurricane could severely damage fire stations as well as the W ind,5ecurity BreacM1,Power Failure,TecM1�wlogical expensive apparatus that is housed within these stations. Some fire stations are more vulnerable than others; Disruption infrastructure (Building) Identified Funding Source 15,600,000.00 28 therefore, they are more susceptible to impending hurricane damages. Tomtigate these impending hurricane damages, the city of Miami Fire Rescue Department proposes a hurricane hardening project to protect key stations and facilities. This project includes the installation of Miami -Dade County hurricane -code approved, perforated, stainless eel hurricane barriers, e.g., Exeter Storm Shield or better and the installation of generators at stations. This project also Includes the installation of two generators at the Fire Training Center/City Backup 911 Center. Water -filled barriers that can be used for dry floodproofing during expected flooding events and for road barriers during special events. This project is for 2 trailers with the intent that one will be used at City Hall during known flooding events. proposing the purchase of vital equipment to be able to adapt to the ever changing clime that brings about sa level re at and Increased flooding to the City of Miami. provides Emergency Managers a valuable tool to be able to minimize and mitigate the potential catastrophic losses to critical infrastructure due to flooding and sea level rise. One of the main functions/mission areas of Emergency Management is the Mitigation process and we Tigerams (Dry Floodproofing + Road Barrier) Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Sarm Surge,5ecuriry Breach Equipment Identified Funding Source 45,000.00 84 believe by having Tiger Dam Systems, we can mitigate potential losses by preventing the waterintruslon to critical buildings. It has been estimated that a $1 investment can reap $4 dollars of potential saving when disasters strike (MMCA). The Tiger Dam" is used to create temporary dikes, protect critical infrastructure, divert river flaw, keep roads open and protect essential utilities.....among a host of other applications. The rapid deployment system Is both labor and energy efficient as well as environmentally friendly when compared to sandbags. As we continue to expand our Emergency Management programs, we are constantly looking to assure we can provide the needed services to the Citizens of the City of Miami. We feel strongly that being able to mitigate losses is a very cost effective alternative to have to rebuild, refurbish and/or try to recreate lost archives. Services50 kilowatt emergency generator and transfer switch project that encompasses the Otber,Power Failure,TecM1n.IOgical Obruption,Securiry following: cPurchase and installation of a new 5 KW and transfer switch to provide electricity for the cty's 512 2/2/202113.48 Fee Communication Systems Generator Constructon/Prat g BreacF q p nt Identified Funding Source 40,000.00 67 communications in a of catastrophic electronic failure. This replaces the 31 KW generator and transfer switches that are inadequate for the city's existing needs. The generator is located at the city's fire garage. The existing area housing the 31 KW generator can accommodate the new generator that is compliant with current codes. 507 2/2/202113:48 Fire Low Power Portable Radio Stations Future unfunded Project Communications Failure Equipment Low power portable radio stations would allow for the transmission of vital and time critical information to the public. These units are small trailer units similar to those used to provide information to motorists about a variety of topics, such as airport information, roadway construction warnings, parks and recreation information, etc. They have a short range (approximately three miles in most cases) and can be set up quickly. The units would be used throughout disaster. Initially, they would be used during evacuations to provide information about traffic routes, blocked roadways Identified Funding Source 20,000.00 88 and other key information. Following a disaster, these units could be used in conjunction with Miami's NET Centers and broadcast Information about the locations of food and medical centers, ice distribution centers, and other critical information without the delays associated with other media. Another benefit is that this information can be specifically targeted to the local people (e.g., those within a single NET service area) and not the entire region. The mobile radio stations also could be used to provide information about hazardous material spills, other police or fire emergencies, and special events. The city of Miami proposes to acquire seven of these units to properly cover the city. Communication r the success of city in responding to a. coordinating the efforts of various departments a. agencies following a disaster. The city currently does not have sufficient redundancy designed or built into is radio and telecommunicationsystems. The city is proposing a three -level approach to ensure that it is able to maintain an effective communication system following a disaster. The first level Is the use of satellite telephones )such as Iridium), which do not require any ground -based facilities. Each of these phones can communicate with other Iridium phones by using only the satellite system. Approximately 20 of these phones would provide a basic level of critical communications amongthe EOC,fire, police and the 13 NET centers located throughout the city. The second level of backup communication is to acquire a temporary radio tower, such as the portable trailers used following Hurricane Andrew to provide cellular phone service, that can be deployed and setup within a few hours of a disaster and restore some, if not most, of the capability of the radio system. The final phase would be a more comprehensive project that would backup all of the communication capabilities normally available to the city of Miami. Chief Aragon provided further detail regarding the cost estimate. .Backup System for MFR Communications: Satellite radios-$95,000.00 499 2/2/202113. Fire Backup System far City Communications Future Unfunded Project Technological Disruption Equipment Identified Funding Source 4,010,000.00 89 rtable radio tower - $15,0000.00 eslliency: o Redundant back-up far primary and back-up PS0P center (FTC) resilience (DARK Fiber): Currently being worked on by City DolT with a completion date in 2021. This would add additional redundancy to City IT and Communication redundancies and outages. oCommunicatonsand Van- CarnPiete °Standalone mobile dispatch kits (3)-$100,000.00; remote dispatching capabhRdes independent of City's systems. .Claud based C40 system - $3,800,000.00 fora Syr contract (this would also alleviate many cyber security concerns) oBegin to migrate MFK-ITemuonment to a cloud -based platform. ITEMPRICE 48 Satellite Radios $95,000.00 Portable Radio Tower$15,000.00 493 2/2/202113:48Fir Storm Shelter for Families of City Employees Future Unfunded Project All Hazards Infrastructure )Building) Identified Funding Source 25,000,000.00 86 During a disaster, the separation stress of employees being away from their families and loved ones Is a critical Issue that adversely affects the city, ability to respond during a disaster. Employees' job performance may suffer because of this concern and some employees may elect to remain with their families instead of responding to city needs. One way . solve this problem is to create a shelter specifically dedicated to city personnel and their families. This would help assure the city's emergency workers that their families will be safe during a disaster and allow them to concentrate an sroviding essential services. As part of this project, the city would conduct a study to determine the best location far uch a shelter, whether one large shelter or multiple smaller shelters should be constructed, If there is an existing facility )or multiple fachities) that could meet these requirements, and estimated costs. Resources and services needed include safety and security, medical care, food and lodging, and communications. The study also would examine the effect of these new, dedicated shelters on the larger shelter deficit that exists throughout Miami -Dade County. 494 9/28/20221:25 Fire/Public Works/Parks St ge Facilities farCrtical Equipment Future Unfunded Project All Hazards Infrastructure )Building) Identified Funding Source 0.00 75 Currently, the city of Miami has a severe shortage af hardened storage locations for city equipment during a major disaster. Equipment such as the Fire department's urban search and rescue trailers, Public Works' heavy equipment, parks department buses, and other similar items are stored outside on a normal day-to-day basis and could be damaged and destroyed during a storm. Much of this equipment is vital during a disaster to serve functions such as rescuing trapped citizens, clearing roadways, and providing support to other disaster recovery operations. The city of Miami has identified a need for three hardened facilities, located in three different areas of the city that would allow for the proper protection of this equipment and allow far the rapid deployment following a disaster. The facility would need to meet, and in most cases exceed current construction and protective equipment requirements and have emergency power and communications equipment for workers at these facilities. 513 9/2B/20221:26 GSA Property Maintenance Division upgrades Funding Secured ,other Equipment Identified Funding Source 0.00 70 Property Maintenance Division 105-kilowatt emergency generator project that encompasses the following: Purchase and installation of a new 105 KW stand-by generator,transfer switch, and electrical upgrades to bring the building up to code )the Florida Building Code), to provide electricity for the city's Property Maintenance Division building in case of castrophic electrical failure. The building is the operations base fir trade personnel that provide services throughout the city for other departments. The installation Includes all required improvements necessary to meet current codes. 31824 2/2/102113:56HC0 Floadproofing ...Residences Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Sturm Surge,Sea Level Rke,Storm Surge Infrastructure (Building) This project is to raise the homes of residents that have been previously affected by flooding. Residents will be Identified Funding Source 0.00 68 ex p ected to pay a25%cost match with the grant funding not more than$150,000. This will fund amaximum of homes. 502 2/2/202113:48 HC0 Loans to Private Owners to ImproveSeawalls & Stabilize Shorelines Future Unfunded Project Sea Level Rise,Flood/Storm Surge Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source 0.00 62 The majority of the city', canaI and bay shoreline (70 percent) is privately owned and maintained, much of whicf is in poor or overgrown condition. In the event of a major storm, there could be tremendous loss of property into the city', drainage canals, causing upstream flooding. This project recognizes the need to harden seawalls on private property within the city and would complement the replacement and improvement of city -owned seawalls. The city would establish a loan program that would provide an incentive for private property owners to replace or improve areas of deteriorating seawall on their property, allowing fora greater overall level of mitigation citywide. The project includes establishing and adminktertng the loan program but not actually providing city funding to borrowers. .8 2/5/20218:48 Innovation Technology Backup for Essential City Mainframe Functions Future Unfunded Project ,Other,Technologlcal0isrulrtion Equipment Identified Funding Source 3,500,000.00 27 The city of Miami currently does not have a backup computer for the mainframe that provides core city services the city on day-to-day basis. Loss of the computer center at the Miami Riverside Center building would affect the city's ability to respond to and recover from a disaster by preventing access to critical functions such as payroll, purchasing, fire and police records, and other essential city services. A new backup computer system is needed to allow critical functions to be quickly restored and allow the city to continue operations while the main system is relocated or repaired. The new computer, to be installed in the city's emergency operations center, would replicate essential functions currently performed on the city', primary mainframe computer, but would not provide all of the functions needed by the city. 495 9/28/20221:20 OCI Clean and Dredge Canals and Waterways Future Unfunded Project,Flood,Flood/Storm g Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Dra Identified Funding Source 0.00 73 Within the city of Miami, there are numerous canals and waterways that provide storm water drainage to Biscayne Bay. Debris, sand, and other materials that block the canals threaten their ability to provide essential drainage of stormwater to outfa,T. city ProPose, tomitigate this threat by performing maintenance dredging on these canals, removingexotic(no- ve)tresfrom the banks, cleaning up accumulated debris. The most important affected waterways,listed in order of priority, a O Wagner Creek, which drains approximately 600 acres of residential and commercial property. ANvites already completed include removal of household refuse and sediments, installation of new fencing, and bank stabilization activities. Pollution control measures will be added to the outtalk and any illegal connections identified during the cleanupwillbe disconnected and plugged. The canal sediments are also contaminated with dioxins/furans, and dredging the canal sediments will significantly reduce the dioxins amounts. This open channel creek extends from NW 205treet o W reet. laSeyboldtCanal, a navigable waterway that drains approximately 500 acres of residential and commercial property. This canal extends from NW 11 Street to the Miami River. The canal sediments are also contaminated with d'wxlns/furans, and dredging the canal sediments will significantly reduce the dioxins amount. Lawrence which drains approximately 64 acres of residential and commercial property. some of the work alreadyhas beencompletedas part of the city's regular maintenance program. This waterway extends from NW ] Street o the Miami River. The canal sediments are also contaminated with dioxins/furans, and dredging the canal sediments will significantly reduce the dioxins amounts. Miami River -South Fork, requires the dredging of sediment material along approximately 4,900 linear feet of the canal's bottom Including removal of debris, and exotic tree removal from the banks between N. W. 27th Avenue to the Miami River. Further sampling will be conducted to determine R contamination exist in this area. Mapped area is at and NW 22th Ave. 2635] 9/33/202216:28OCI se Marti Park seawall, shoreline, and Flood Improvements Construction Applied for ,Flood,Sea Level Rke,Storm Surge,Other Infrastructure (Wter/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 20,000,000.00 74 Located within the boundaries of lose Marti Park Shoreline from SW 2 St to SW 5 St. Flooding and right-of-way Improvements including a hybrid of seawall and living shoreline, rain gardens, blue streets and bioswales. It is estimated estimated that 333 properties, valued at$209.9 M, will be impacted by this project. 14709 9/13/202215.48 OCI Immediate Flood Control: Install Backflaw Valves (Phase 1) Construction/Prof g ,Fbad,Sea Level Rise,Storm Surge Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 4,969,O0O.00 21 There are over 400 stormwater outfalls in the City. The City has already installed over 50 backflow preventers throughout the City in high priority areas but there remain many more throughout 2b, City that do not have backflow Estimate cot updated on 1/22/21 2006E 9/13/202212:36 OCI 2021STORMWATER MASTER PLAN CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Projectin Planning St age ,Fbad/Storm Surge Infrastructure )Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 50,000,000.00 0 See Kelvin Kercado for further information. 390110/13/202119:18 OCI Hadley Park Neighborhood Drainage Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood/Storm Surge Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) Identified Funding Source 0.00 76 The scope of work consists of furnishing all materials, labor, and equipment necessary to design and construct drainage and road improvements at needed locations within the highest rank basin according to the City of Miami Stormwater Management r Plan. The basin Is approximately bounded by NW 54 St (to the north), SR 112 (to the south), NW ve �west�endtl-95 (to the east). The drainage system mainly camprkesexfiltratlon trench�frenchdrains),storm sewers for gravity conveyance, inlets with pollution retardantbaffles, injection wells, and surface restoration within the project limits. Road work comprises roadway milling & resurfacing, limited road reconstruction, damaged sidewalk replacement, new sidewalks, new curb and gutter or repair of curb & gutter, some new tree plantings, retrofit of ADA complaint curb ramps, and pavement markings within the project limits. Mapped at NW 54 St and NW 19 Ave. 564 3/1/202121:24OCI Silver Bluff Drainage Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge Oth4r Identified Funding Source 29,500,000.00 00 This project will provide drainage improvements for the area bordered by US-1, SW 22nd Street, SW 16th Avenue and SW 27th Avenue. The new drainage facilities will include but may not be limited to a combination of exfiltration drains, deep drainage wells, and storm water pump station(,). Road improvements include milling and resurfacing, reconstruction, esidewalks, curb and gutter, ADA ramps, re -grade or re -sodding swak areas, repair or replace damaged or disfigured traffic signs, and tree plantings. 141i1 2/2/202333:58 OCI South Bayshore Drive Roadway and Drainagelmprovements Project In Planning Stage ,Flood/Storm Surge,Health,Sea Level Rke,Wind Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 0.00 75 Located between the Iim2s of Darwin Street and Mercy Way, improvement works along South Bayshore Drive include the construction of drainage facilities consisting of a combination but not limited to exfiltration trenches (French drains), deep drainage wells, pump stations, storm sewer pipes for gravity conveyance, baffles, manholes, catch basins, cross drains, ,wale trenches, re -grading and re-sodding,wale areas. Road improvements include and not limited to roadway milling and resurfacing, ADA ramps, bike and walkway lanes, repair damaged sidewalks, curb and/or gutter, replacement of damaged or disfigured traffic signs and tree planting. 14662 2/2/202113:5B OM New Fire Station Facility Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Healt,,Sea Level Rise,Power Failure,5ecuriry Breach,Storm Surge,Technological Disruption,Wind Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 0.00 88 Build anew fire station facility enhance city', response dduri ryta pave pre-mttigatlan an rig emergency events 14211 2/E/202113.52 OCI Stormwater Basin SB06: Stormwater Drainage Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) 64 84 84 Stormwater Drainage in Basins defined in t0272,,s20125tormwater Master Plan. WorkincludestM1e design antd constnrucctioa new stormwatter management system to address flooding and protect life and property. Stormwater Dr' Improvements sins defined' h 's 20125tormwater Master Work includes the design and construction a new stormwater management system to address flooding and protect life and property. 14209 2/2/202313:57 OCI Stormwater Basin CC]S25 Improvements Stormwater Orange Future Unfunded Protect ,Flood,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 14205 2/2/202113:5] OCI Stormwater Basin CC2-S24:Stormwater Drainage Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure (alter/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) Stormwater Drainage Improvements in Basins defined i 20125tormwater Master Plan. Workincludesthe m to address flooding and protect life and property. design and construction a new stormwater management2system 14203 2/2/202113:57 OCI Stormwater Basin CC6-N-17: Stormwater Drainage Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) (NULL) BB 84 R0 60 74 S e rathe Work includes the design antd construction a new stormwatter management system to address flooding and protect life and property. S m e ra vemen sin asins defined in the City's 20125tormwater Master Plan. Work includes the design antd construcgton a new stormwatter management system to address Hooding and protect life and property. S te DrainageImprovements in Basins defined in the City's 2012Stormwater Master Plan. Work includes the design and construction a new stormwatter management system to address flooding and protect life and property. Hardening the building against storm damages. 14198 2/2/202113:57 OCI Stormwater Basin CC6-N-12. Stormwater Drainage Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure alter/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) (NULL) 14190 2/2/202113:57 OCI Stormwater Basin --11: Stormwater Ora g p ements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) (NULL) _ 13868 2/2/202113:57 OCI 11174 2/2/202113:56 OCI lose Marti Park Building Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Wind,Other Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 0.00 Morningside Regional Storm water Management Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rue,Storm Surge Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source 0.00 Seawall rebuilding to allow an increased height in compliance for city code and reduce storm surge flooding. Retention and drainage design to allow park to accommodate increased volume of storm related water and allow flood control and mitigate potential damage impact to surrounding neighborhood. 534 2/2/202003: 55 OCI Master Plan for Virginia Key Future Unfunded Project All Hazards Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source 0.00 79 Planning will submit a proposal under the Coastal Partnership Initiative fora Virginia Key master plan. That plan will include provisions for restoring natural tidal action near the historic African American beach. Such restoration would contribute towards a mitigation Of beach erosion. The plan recognizes the importance of natural plant communities and habitats and the role each play in stabilizing the soil for this natural barrier island. As stated in the proposal: The process of a new master plan, taking into account the entire island, while including all stake holders and the public, will allow for a comprehensive process to address a very complex barrier island. The plan which includes economic, environmental, architectural, design, traffic, and landscaping criteria will give the new master plan concrete proposals to insure and land use decisions for this unique uninhabited barrier island. 14660 2/2/202113:460CI Fire Facilities Resiliency Project (FS10)-Design Project in Planning Stage ,Other Other /NULL) 14,000000.00 81 aster plan / site plan, conceptual design, and due dilligence studies for replacement of Fire Station #10 at 4101 NW 7thST. Cost estimate updated on 1/22/21 as reported by Mr. Kercado. 14721 2/2/202113:460CI Stormwater Master Plan Update ]5%complete W ind,5ea Level Rise,Power Fallure,MealtM1,Flaod/Storm g,OtM1er Sur14107 Infrastructure(Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 5,516,963.00 89 Update the City's stormwater master plan to mitigate flooding and improve drainage. Estimated cost updated on 1/27/21. 2/2/202113:460CI Spring Garden Point Park Historic Building 50%complete ,Wind Infrastructure (Building) /NULL) 2,150,073.00 68 D g and construction of new one story Historic Community Building 14704 2/2/202113:46 OCI Spring Garden Park Seawall and Kayak Construction/Project g ,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise,Health Beach/Seawall (NULL) 2,587,000.00 ]] Shoreline Concrete Bulkhead replacement of approximately 315 Feet along 5eybold Canal. Construction of a Kayak Ramp at South shoreline of the park along the Miami River. Add north segment replacement♦/- 60 LF Estimate cost updated on 1/22/21. 14700 2/2/202113:460CI Moore Park Gym Design and Construction Project in Planning Stage ,Wind Infrastructure )Building) (NULL) 10,000,000.00 70 Design and build a new gymnasium as an add on to the existing community center. The building will also serve as a resilience hub. 14697 2/2/202113.46 OCI Marine Stadium Restoration 25%complete ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise,Power Failure,Health,5ecurity Breach,Storm Surge, W ind,Other Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 48,8]9,268.00 63 Restoration of the Historic Marine Stadium Building located at Virginia Key 14694 2/2/202113:46 OCI LegionR Park Seawall and Boat Ramp ]5%cmplete ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise,Otfer Other (NULL) 2,210,0 73 Reconstruction m of boat ramp and parking lot, new seawall, bay -walks, solar lighting, drainage upgrade, and a new etal picket ket fen with gate. Updated estimate cost on 1/27/21. 14691 2/2/202113:460CI Legion Park Community Building Improvements ]5%complete ,Wind Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 3,705,131.00 55 Design and construction for a new roof, bathrooms upgrade/remodel, replacement of selected doors and window terrazzo oxy rnew flooring to replace VCT in selected areas, add elevator code requirement), MEP equipment upgrade, new fire alarm system, new acoustical ceilings, limited Interior layout modifications, second floor finishes, limited cabinetry, milling and resurface existing parking lot (as a bid aherna[e),anew tennis court )no lighting), and miscellaneous repairs of building exterior walls, sidewalks, and terraces. Estimated cost updated on 1/27/21. 14684 2/2/202113:460CI lose Marti Park Flood Mitigation Study, Design, and Construction 50% complete ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure )Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 26,000,000.00 g4 Seawall/Riverwalk Study and Design for resiliency sea level risk mitigation at lose Marti Park - to serve as standard for riverside projects. Seawall rebuilding to allow an Increased height in compliance for city code and reduce storm surge flooding. Retention and drainage designto allow park to accommodate Increased volume of storm related water and allow flood control and mitigate potential damage impact to surrounding neighborhood. Updated estimated cost on 1a]/21. 14680 2/2/202113:46 OCI Curtis Park Community Center Design Project in Planning Stage ,Wind Infrastructure )Building) (NULL) 10,000,250.00 54 Design fora new community center. Cost does not include construction. Center to serve as resilience hub. 14671 2/2/202113:46 OCI Armbrister Park Community Center Design Other ,Wind Infrastructure )Building) (NULL) 8,000,000.00 82 Design fora new community center. This park will serve as resilience hub in the future. This funding is for design only. Will need to seek funding for construction. Cost estimate updated on 1/22/21. Mr. Kercado supplied the estimate. Projectis in"design phase' as of 1/22/21. 14668 2/2/202113:460CI Antonio Maceo Park Boatramp Funding Secured ,FIo0d,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise COOP (NULL) 842,310.00 Gq Renovate Mace o Park Boatramp including the concrete boatramp, sidewalks, parking lot, stationery dock and the floating dock. Cost estimate updated on 1/22/21. 146. 2/2/202113:46 OCI Alice Wainwright Park Seawall and Baywalk Other ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise Beach/Seawall (NM) 6,3]],239.00 60 and replacement of 1,100 linear feet of existing seawall and new baywalk adjacent to Biscayne Bay. Baywalk amenities include pedestrian lighting,benches, landscaping and trash receptacles. 20060 2/2/202113:46OCI MORNINGSIDE PARK BAYWALK, KAYAK LAUNCH, BOAT RAMP Project in Planning Stage ,Flood (NULL) 5,200,000.00 0 Bl Selected hazards identified are :flood, sea level rise, infrastructure (water/sewer/drainage) HMGP, PDM. Design of Park Baywalk, kayak launch and boat amp. Find Phase 1. 14228 2/2/202113:460CI 9ricke1l Presbyterian Church Public Baywalk 75%cmplete ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Se a level Rise,Storm Surge Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 2,142,042.00 Seawall rebuilding to allow an increased height in compliance for city code and reduce storm surge flooding. Retention and drainage design to allow park to accommodate increased volume of storm related water and allow flood control and mitigate potential damage impact to surrounding neighborhood. There is currently no public access to Biscayne y This project also proposes a protective Baywalk extension that will help to attenuate wave action, storm surge, and king tides. This walk will also serve a recreational purpose and will provide water access to the public. Salt - tolerant plan. will serve as an urban habitat and will also help to stabilize the shoreline in the face of rising sea levels. Estimated cost updated on 1/27/21 34656 2/2/202113:460CI rickell Bay Drive Linear Park and Seawall Design and Construction Package Funding Apo,for ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise Beach/Seawall (NULL) 25,000,000.00 88 and Construction Package for Resiliency Sea Level Risk Mitigation at Brickell Bay Drive -(includes design fo r r0ebuilding seawall and creation of linear park) 11188 2/2/202113:460CI Sewell Park storm water management Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/storm Surge,Sea Level Rbe,5mrm Surge Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source 6,000,000.00 67 wall rebuilding to allow an increased height in compliance far city code and reduce storm surge flooding. Retention and drainage design to allow park to accommodate increased volume of storm related water and allow flood control and mitigate potential damage impact to surrounding neighborhood. Cost estimate updated on 1/22/21. 559 2/2/202113:460CI Rockerman Canal Dredging and Stabilization Future Unfunded Project All Hazards Other Identified Funding Source 3,100,000.00 64 Located in the City of Miami's Coconut Grove area, the canal serves as a channel to allow the public boat access into Biscayne Bay. The goal ism improve navigable waters for boats traveling within the canal. The scope of work includes and is not limited to canal dredging, trimming im ng of mangrove and other exotic trees, shoreline stabilization and possible planting and/or relocating mangrove trees! 11180 1/24/202413:45 Parks ' Margaret Pace Park storm water management Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise,Starm Surge Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source O.C. 67 shoreline enhancements with natural and ar hardened materials. Grading and act.e ar passivedra to reduce sunny -day flooding and the impacts of sea -level rise. Prevent future repaircnsts and impactfaom floodingon surrounding neighborhood. 15158 2/2/202113:58 Parks Resilience Hubs Network Funding Applied far ,Fload,Flood/Storm Surge,Pawer Failure,5ea Level ,Flo Smrms/Storm nd Infrastructure Building) (NULL) 0.00 81 Ine City ot Miami seeks to builq a network(8tci esl of esiienc Llty-ownee r communities for climate tchange timpacts and acceleraterecoveryafter disruptions such as hurricanes. Resilience Hubs arneighborhood-serving convening centers that operate year round but are especially es tial post -disaster. They will serve as central paints of Information, resource distribution (PODS) and refuge for City constituents before and after a disaster event but also provide our constituents with programming, social services, and amenities that can connect them to economic opportunity and enhance public health and safet, Not only does the City of Miami plan to storm -harden these facilities, they also plan to ensure they can power themselves for up to R hours and install other enhancements to meet community needs. These upgrades may include: Improved NON accessibility; elevated on -site generator; solar panels and battery storage; short and long-term storage refrigeration; expanded W iri capabilities; and charging stations. Many City of Miami facilities are already well- known and well -utilized among constituents and we hope to continue and grow community-govemment partnerships via Resilience Hubs. The City will partner with local non -profits to provide supplemental programming such as financial literacy training, advocacy programs, energy -efficiency education; as well as connect constituents to disaster mitigation resources and serve as a locations for CERTteams to liaise with City staff. CurrentRiseparks under consideration: TIER 1 (prlarty): 1. Charles Hadley 2. lose Marti 3. Shenandoah TIERS 2 and 3: 4.Liftle Haiti 5.Gibson ouglas Park End 8.Grapeland Heights 14677 2/2/202113:58 Parks City-wide Parks Roofing Reconstruction Funding Secured ,Wind. Infrastructure (Building) (NULL) 655,400.00 0 Renovate and/or re -roof buildings within So parks throughout the city, to include Caribbean Marketplace which may 9 e a substantial reconstruction 138]0 2/2/202113:57 Parks Miami Rowing Club Building Repairs Future Unfunded Project ,WInd,Other Infrastructure )Building) (NULL) 250,000.00 49 Metal roof replacement of approximately 6,700 SF. Previous m damage shows the need for hardening of roof to prevent further damage to existing roof and interior features. Facility needs impactfloor-to-ceilingwindows, no current shutters or wind protection in place for the facility. 11176 2/2/202113:56 Parks Mamingskle Park building hardening and resilient Upgades Future Unfunded Project ,Fload,Flaod/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rlse,Smrm Surge,Wind,Security Breach Infrastructure 1801cling) Identified Funding Source 5,000,000.00 46 Improvementsocurrent ecrea ion center o allow less Impact to building as a result of flooding, high winds and disaster condtions. Parkimprovements to assist in reducing negative impacts from lack of drainage and assist in resilience improvements to protect park and neighborhood. 111]I 2/2/202113:56 Parks Legion Park storm water management Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rue,Storm Surge Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source 3,674,935.00 67 Shoreline enhancements with natural and or hardened materials. Grading and attire or passive drainage systems to reduce sunny -day flooding and the impacts of sea -level rise. This project will prevent future damage to a citywide recreation area and a historically designated park and facility. 532 2/2/202113:55 Parks Restoration of Native Species Funding seared Flood/Storm Surge Ot64Y Identified Funding source 75,000.00 78 portionAt Virginia Key, a of the scope of work in a Coastal Partnership Initiative proposal will include natural erasion prevention/mitigation by replacing exotics with native species along the mangrove hammock area. These native species have root systems that stabilized the soil in the uplands and contribute reducing beach erasion. The project includes other elements not related to LMS but at least $75,000 in hard -costs as well as volunteer time will be allocated to exotic al. 510 2/2/202113.48 Parks Study to Reduce Erasion on Virginia Key Beach Funding Secured NII Hazards Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source 75,000.00 84 This project is a study of measures that could be used to protect the beach and reduce the loss of sand from Virginia Key Beach. The city of Miami owns approximately 42 acres of ocean front beach on Virginia Key, approximately one mile long. The beach area is currently part afa beach improvementplantM1at will include importing sandmthe area. The city recognizes that offshore groins (corrugated steel piles driven into the ocean floor) have been used in other areas with only limited success. The city is seeking a solution that will help reduce sand loss while allowing for maximumpublic enjoyment of the beach. Vulnerability Assessment of Hstorical and Cultural Resources in the Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Wind,Sea Level Rlse,Storm Surge City of Miami Phase I Other 0.00 Portable Solar Generators Post -Storm Assessment Mobile Application -Citizen Portal I. Project ,oats: Currently, the City of Miami's cultural resources are under threat of destruction or loss by rising sea level and storm Storm from hurricanes frohurricanes has already destroyed historic properties along Miami's coast, and with FEMA's projected 50-year flood levels many of Miami's cultural resources will suffer significant damage within the next fifty years. The proposed project will allow for the prevention of this loss of cultural resources through the identification and prioritization of at -risk sites and the development of mitigation and prevention guidelines and took. Furthermore, the project isline with LU-1.5 and LU-2 2 of the Miami Neighborhood Comprehensive Plan which states that the City will preserve and protect the ctys natural and coastal resources, and its historic and archaeological sites. To reduce risks to historical and cultural resources by developing guidelines on risk -based performance goals and criteria for inclusion in current or adjusted local preservation standards, or for voluntary reference historic sites and neighborhoods and archaeological sites and zones). Overlap data sets regarding geological morphology, urban morphology, architectural typology, structural systems and storm surge information, to calibrate local needs and rules, to later inform best practices guidelines for historic neighborhoods, historic sites, archaeological sites and zones, and 66 departmental preservation tools. Identified Funding Source 65,000.00 79 Sur Study Area: Referencing geological morphologies, (i.e. coastal, riverfront and previous hardwood hammock substrata sites- now urbanized), sample 30 blocks (approximately 00 per type), which also possess paradigmatic characteristics that define historic neighborhoods and their building types, historic sites, and archaeological sites and zones, with a focus an sites vulnerable to SLR and/or storm surge. III. Phases of Work (Estimated Timelines and Estimated Budgets): Phase!: (-5 -8 months) Estimated Budget: $145,000 1.1-lata Collection: The South -North path and great size of Hurricane Irma exposed the vulnerability of the supply chain in Florida. Emergency supplies were being staged from Atlanta, however, the path of Irma brought it over South Florida and eventually to Atlanta as a tropical depression. Due the storms route, emergency supplies could not leave Atlanta until after the storm passed the full-length of Florida, then Atlanta, which added days to the delivery. Delays emphasized the need for the City of Miami to be more self-reliant. The product is the EV ARC. https://www.envislonsolar.com/ev-arc/tic-arc/ This 0 a movable structure which can be deployed as needed to function in place of, or reduce demand on, gas- or diesel -fired generators during emergencies. The solar generators would be located at dispersed City facilities during non -emergency times In any parking lot and could provide power to those facilities throughout their lifespan. Price includes: • generators (Esft ted Cost: $2,874,900) b -$65k / unit, (final unit cost subject to negotiator and size of order) c.-$2k / unit far removable anchor Installations dispersed Iocatons to resist uplift. d-$5k/ unit far electrical connectosat dispersed locators to power adjacent facilites• • n e expected to produce$60-80k worth of electricity over a typical 20 year panel service period, so there is potential for a negative lifespan cost rather than maintenance cost. A portable solar generator has benefits over diesel generators. 1.No fuel required. ILess regular maintenance. Avay be grid -connected to reduce or eliminate demand far diesel generators at buildings. • oid the ongoing maintenance issues of diesel generators which need to be periodically operated ay be used to charge a building or vehicles, depending on which has the greater need. 6.Solar generator may be used at sites with limited space which would make CO emissions from diesel generators dangerous. 7.S[lent opera -don Post Hurricane Irma, staff members from Planning,Zoning, and Resiliency, along with 4 volunteer teams from Grove n,canvassed the City Of Miami. The goal was to locate the crest of storm surge created by the hurricane and Outreach Identified Funding Source 5,000.00 62 changes to the City's tree canopy. A mobile application called Suniey133 for ArcGlS was utilized to add information to existing Geographic Information System maps in the City of Miami database. With this project, we would like to expand onfurthe further this application to a front facing citizen portal which would facilitate assistance from the community regarding the recording of storm surge and changes to the tree canopy. Flood -Proof First Floor of Main Police Building Future Unfunded Project ,Flood The first floor of the main Police Building )located at 400 NW 2nd Street) is below grade and is currently being used to store the retards, property, and evidence for the city of Miami. These items must be maintained in a secure area to Improperprevent while allowing use by police for on -going investigations. The proposed mitigation project Infrastructure (Wter/Sewer/Ora ge) Identified Funding Source 0.00 78 would prevent water from entering the first floor and provide a water removal system to protect the building from flooding. The project would include installation of floodgates that would be put into place during high -risk periods for flooding. Thu would not only protect vital police retards, but would ensure the continuous operation of this critical facility both during the disaster and during the response and recovery phase of the disaster. 504 9/14/20229:04 Police Portable Traffic Control Signs Future Unfunded Project All Hazards Equipment Identified Funding Source 0.00 74 Effective and efficient communication is vital to allow for the rapid evacuation of citizens prior to the impact of a hurricane in the city of Miami. W #M1 a residential population of about 400,000 people and a commuter population that at least doubles the affected population during the work week, traffic jams area certainty. Portable traffic control signs that provide scrolling text messages would allow traffic to be directed to alternative routes and to provide other vital Information to motorists. The portable signs have other uses besides assisting in evacuations: they can be used to display information during events such as fire/rescue emergencies, hazardous material spills, special events, terrorist Incidents, and special police events such as SWAT operations. These signs displays text ethat is easily sag programmi ed into the unit and can be moved using most any city vehcle with a trainer hitch. The city of Miami would purchase ten of these units at a cost of about $50,000 each, lus additional trailer hitches for olice vehicles. 11259 2/2/202113:56 Police David Herring Center Backup Generator Future Unfunded Project ,Fload,Flaod/Storm Surge,Mealth,Pawer Fallure,5ea Level se,5ecurity Breach,Storm Surge,TechnabgicalEquipment Oirp n,Wind Identified Funding Source 0.00 90 David Herring: The City of Miami is seeking to provide backup power for electrical systems in the building which provide for computers, servers, HVAC, lighting etc. This building houses personnel from the Office of Emergency Management 8, Homeland security as well as disaster readiness equipment (amajority of which are UASl purchased). The location is also designed to serve as a backup Emergency Operations Center and is critical to continuity of operations. 560 2/2/2021Police 13;55 Miami Police Department Central Headquarters Roof Hardening Helipad Project Construction/Project Begun ,Other Infrastructure (Building) Identified Funding Source 0.00 81 The City of Miami is seeking funding to harden the roof of its police headquarters building. The headquarters building which is 5 stories in height and approximately 400,000 square feet, houses the 911 call center for both police and fire, an Emergency Operations Center, all administrative offices of the police department, including the office of the Chief of Police and the Deputy and Assistant Chiefs, Crime Scene investigations, a computer server room and numerous other critical functions. A direct hit by a hurricane or strong windstorm could cause serious damage to the building and its contents and render this 31 million dollar building un-useable. The roof of the Police headquarters serves a dual function of protecting the building and serving as a Helipad far muhiagency first responders in the event of a disaster. There are existing auger hole drainage systems that do not comply with current City Standards and State Regulations. 563 4/14/202512:23 Public Works Citywide Auger Hole Replacement Future Unfunded Project Flood,Flood/Storm Surge Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) Identified Funding Source 0.00 86 The City of Miami is seeking funding to replace the non -complaint systems with appropriate drainage infrastructure to address flooding concerns and reduce maintenance costs. 548 2/24/20257:08 Public Works y rickell Village Drainage Improvements Construction/Prot g ,Flood Infrastructure (Roadway) Identified Funding Source 5,275,657.48 89 Road and drainage infrastructure improvements will be performed in the area bounded by the Miami River, SW 9th Street, tAvenue, 12th Street and SW 1st Court. At a minimum,.e new drainage facilities include a combinationofexflitrationtrenches(French drains), storm sewer pipes for gravity conveyance, baffles, manholes, catch basins, cross drains, swale trenches, re -grading and re -sodding swale areas. Miscellaneous road improvements Include but not limited to roadway milling and resurfacing, ADA ramps repair damaged sidewalks, curb and/or gutter, replacement of damaged or disfigured traffic signs and tree planting. 14654 2/24/20257:08 Public Works Bayhomes Drive Drainage Improvements Project in Planning Stage ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,Health,Power Failure,Wind Infrastructure (Roadway) (NULL) 9,995,OOO.W 51 Drainage including pump station. This project will provide drainage improvements far the area approximately bonded by Biscayne Bay,-50 ft. northwest fromN ayhomes Rd.,N ayhomes Dr. and S. Bayhomes Drive. The new drainage facilities will Include but may not be limited to a combination of exfiltration drains, deep drainage wells, and storm water pump station(s). Road improvements include milling and resurfacing, reconstruction, esidewalks, curb and gutter, ADA ramps, re -grade or re -sodding Swale areas, repair or replace damaged or disfigured traffic signs, and tree plantings. 14136 2/24/2025 7:07 Public Works B-173613, South Golden Pines Na Outlet Streets Other ,Other Infrastructure)Roadway) (NULL) 3,835,455.00. 46 SW 29 ave, SW 29 CI, SW 29 PI,SW 30Ave, SW 30 ct, SW 31 Ave, SW 31 CI, SW 31 PI all t28 Nor. of SW 27h Street. Map does not reflect the entire area. Map shows SW 27 ct and sw 27 street. This area of the City is at the forefront of sea level rise. We have been doing ongoing work here, including a resilient 14187 2/24/2025 7:05 Public Works Shorecrest Neighborhood Street and Drainage Improvements Project in Planning Stage ,Fiood,Fload/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise Inf restructure (Roadway) (NULL) 15,000,000.00 52 redesign workshop to examine how to adapt the neighborhood to sea level rise and the implementation of a King Tide Action Plan. It is a high priority for funding because of the frequency of some of the hazards this project will address )tidal/pluvial flooding) and the consequences of storm surge in the neighborhood. This neighborhood experienced surge and pluvial flooding due to Irma, and flood during the king tides every autumn. This project will provide storm sewerso the area bounded by NE 83rd Street, East Dixie Highway, North City limits and Biscayne Boulevard. Road improvements include milling and resurfacing, new or repair sidewalks, curb and gutter, ADA ramps, re -grade or re - sodding swale areas, repair or replace damaged or disfigured traffic signs, and tree planting. This project will address severe flooding issues that this neighborhood experiences from both natural disasters, pluvial floods, and king tides. The City of Miami is or will be partnering with Miami -Dade County, the South Florida Water Management District, and 14723 2/24/20257:05 Public or Reconstruct 'Very Poor" Roads Citywide 25%complete ,Fbad,Other Infrastructure (Roadway) (NNLL) 20,000,000.00 86 Reconstruct 3.]miles of roads city-wide inthe Very Poor category that fall outside of the priority drainage basins 14719 2/24/20257:04 Public Works South Bay shore he/Fairview Street New P p Station Project Construction/Project Begun ,StormSurge,Sea Level e,Flood Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 6,944,615.38 82 Phase 1 includes Roadway and Drainage improvements. The scope of work for Phase #1 consists of roadway reconstruction and/or milling and resurfacing, drainage improvements, damaged sidewalk replacement, repair of driveway approaches, Swale restoration, striping, signage, and ADA ram Ps. Phase 2 is the construction of the storm water pump station. The scope of work for the second phase is to design and build a new enclosed storm water pump station with a raised platform and two gravity drainage wells. This phase also Includes the upgrade of an existing outran. 20064 2/24/2025 7:03 Public Works NW 17TH STREET FROM NW 27 AVE TO NW3] AVENUE Funding Applied for Funding Applied for ,Flood/Storm Surge infra stDUc1Ufe:)ROatlyx'oy) MU,5,520,000.00. 0 Please see Kevlin Kercado for further information. 26154 2/24/20257:02 Public Works Brickell Bay Drive Seawall and Flood Improvements ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Storm Surge,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 20,000,000.00 82 Located within the boundaries of SE 14 St to SE 15 Rd. Flooding and dght-of-Way improvem2412,4cluding seawall replacement, eand creation of linear park with baywalk and water access improvements, new and upsized stormwater inlets andpipes, and lining of existing drainage pipes. It is estimated that 4,483 properties, valued at$2.534B, will be impacted by this project. 6131 1/30/20259.4]Public Works B203609)m ementsa t N E 10 Ave. South of N E]9 S' Unfunded Project Future2,682,490.00 ,Flood,Sea Level Rlse,Smrm Surge,Other Infrastructure �W to r/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL)CE&I: ]5 Project location is Along NE 10th Avenue South of the NE 79th Street, NE 28th Street from NE 29tM1 Street to NE 30[h Avenue and a portion of NE Little River Drive. The scope of work involves road reconstruction adjusting road elevation toimprove drainage, new drainage system, and connection to new autfall located at Little River Park. Other related Improvements include: new sidewalks, ADA compliant ramps, replacement of curb and gutter, new valley gutter, driveway approaches, Swale restoration, pavement markings and striping and roadway signage. Revised Construction Cast as of Nov. 2021: Construction Cost $2,116,317 (Federal; includes 0+B Act which is al°% markup of the Construction Labor Cast) $109,500 (No -Federal) Current Shortfall: $2,193,267 (Federal) Current Approved Budget: $590,000 TOTALPROLECTCDST: $2,682,490. 14]31 1/24/202413.42 Public Works Improve Drainage utside of Priority Drainage Basins (Phase 1) Funding Secured ,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise Infrastructure (Roadway) (NULL) 2,300,000.00 88 Improve SO locations and perform reconstruction of no base and aspfalt, curbing, and starmwater inlets, as necessary, to support the installation of backflaw prevention valves and or ponding mitigation for the Very Poor roadway reconstruction efforts 2023: Partially completed 31320 0/24/202413:37 Public Works STORMWATER PUMP STATION SCADA/TELEMETRYSYSTEM Funding Secured ,Fload,Flood/Storm Surge,Sea Level R6e,Storm Surge Equipment Identified Funding Source 750,000.00 97 This project is to purchase and install tidal gauges, land based flood sensors, and associated telemetry systems and other materials throughout the City of Miami, the City of Miami Beach, and the Miami -Dade County coastal and riverine waterfront to monitor fluctuations in water surface height and create better predictability of the timing and degree of seasonal tidal and storm surge flooding. This will allow for improved response times and real data to test storm surge and tidal flood predictions and models. These would be installed and monitored in partnership with University and NOAA partners and the data would be publicly avaflable. Data will be compared M. ocean -based buoys in order to study the relationship between tides and flooding. Additionally, this will help us to create a region -wide flood warning system, which will positively affect the County's and the individual municipalities CPS ratings. Currently the City of Miami relies on one tidal monitoring station installed and monitored by NOP0 at Virginia Key.The Citycurrently has no land based flood sensors. To document the flood extent of Hurricane Irma, for instance, the City of Miami used staff and volunteers to document high water lines and speak to residents. While this gave the City relative idea of the flood extent, the data was not reliable for future predictability or modeling. Land based flood gauges could also be used to create baseline data before storm water and coastal infrastructure is installed. 3-23-2023 Grant aPPlication not awarded. Match funding available from RPW funds. 8/7/2023 Grant awarded through Resilient Florida, in the amount of 5679,895 26065 1/24/202413:36 Public Works Melrose Flood Improvements Phase l Funding Secured ,Fload,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 11,029,883.00 75 Located within the boundaries of NW 23 Ave to NW 19 Ave, NW 34 St NW 30 St. Flooding and right -of - improvements ' way ncluding new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes and a new stormwater pump station with injection wells.It is estimated that 524 properties, valued at$206M, will be impacted by this project. _23-2023 Grant application not 022012 .Requested MIS funds ($3,529,563) for Design pending Declaration of Intent (in -Progress). e/7/2023 Grant awarded through Resilient Florida, in the amount of $5,514,942 26069 1/24/202413:34 Public Works Melrose Flood Improvements Phase II Future Unfunded Project ,Fload,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure(Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 55,510,496.00 75 Located within the boundaries of NW 19 Ave to NW 27 Ave, NW 28 St to NW 38 St. Flooding and right-of-way improvements including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, injection wells, and a new stormwater pump station with an ouffall to the Miami River. Itlsestimatoathat 1,370 properties, valued at $558.4M, willbeimpacted by this project. 2updates 26071 1/24/202413:32 Public Works Morningside Flood Improvements Phase l Future Unfunded Project ,Flaad,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 13,627,868.00 75 Located within the boundaries of Biscayne Blvd to NE ] Ave and NE 50 Ter to NE 55 Ter. Flooding and right-of-way improvements including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, and a new/upsized autfall to Biscay. y It Is estimatedthat 340 properties, valued at$378.]M, will be impacted by this project. 2updates 260]3 0/24/202413.30 Public Works Mo gside Flood Improvements Phase II Future Unfunded Project ,Fload,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 19,415,225.00 75 Located the boundaries of Biscayne Blvd to North Bayshore Dr and NE 50 Ter to NE 59 St. Flooding and right-of- way improvements ncluding new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, and a new stormwater pump station with njection wells. It isestimated that 518properties, valued at$54].1M,will be impacted by this 2updates 26101 1/24/202413:29 Public Works Edgewater Flood Improvements Phase II Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Storm Surge,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 18,650,223.00 75 Located within the boundaries of FEL Railroad to Biscayne Bay, NE 21 St to NE 28 St. Flooding and right-of-way ve eeincluding new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, gravity drainage wells, and 1 ion wps. It is estimatedthat2,981 properties, valuedat52.093B, will be impacted by this project. 3-23-2023: No updates 26103 1/24/2024 13:23 Public Works Brickell East Flood Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 23,257,426.00 75 Located within .e boundaries of Brickell Ave to Biscayne Bay and SE 85t to SE 15 Rd. Flooding and right-of-way improvemets including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, lining of existing drainage pipes, and a new stormwater pump station with injection wells. It is estimated that 7,502 properties, valued at $4.22213, will be impacted by this project. 3-23-2023: No updates 26116 1/24/202413.14 Public Works Shenandoah Flood Improvements Phase l Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 49,433,816.00 25 Located within the boundaries of SW 18 Ave to SW 25 Ave, SW 9 St to SW 19 Ter. Flooding and right -of - improvements including new and upsizedstormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, gravity drainage wells, and station with injection wells. It k estimated that 1,131 properties, valued at $422.9M, will be Impacted by this project. 26118 1/24/2024 12:26 Public Works Shenandoah Flood Improvements Phase II Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rlse,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 44,510,554.00 75 Located within the boundaries of SW 47 Ave to SW 2] Ave, SW 8 St to SW 22 St. Flooding and right-of-way Improvements m including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, and a new storwater far e main outfall to Biscayne Bay with injection wells. It is estimated that 2,744 properties, valued at $1.229B, will be Impacted by t16 project. 3-23-2023: No updates Located within the boundaries of NW 3 Ave to NW 6 Ave and NW 22 St to NW 32 St. Flooding and right-of-way 26135 1/24/202412:34 Public or North-West Wynwood Flood Improvements Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (alter/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 53,545,318.00 75 improvements including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, gravity drainage wells, injection wells, and a new stormwater pump station with an outfall to Biscayne Bay. It is estimated that 352 properties, valued at$532.1M, will be impacted by thk project. 3-23-2023: No updates 503 1/24/2024 12:07 Public Works Replace and ImproveCity-awnedSeawalls Future Unfunded Project Flood/Storm Surge BeaCl/Seawall Identified Funding Source 16,000,000.00 86 This project would improve or replace, as necessary, seawalls located at fifteen city owned parks and other properties along Biscayne Bay and the Miami River. These seawalls are currently in fair to poor condition. Failure of the seawalls would result in the loss of city property, increased risk to nearby structures, and an increase in safety hazards. All of the affected seawalls are made of concrete. The specific design of seawalls to be replaced has not yet been determined, although it is likely that boulders and riprap would be included to serve as wave baffles. The areas in greatest need of and improvement are the seawalls at Antonio Macao Park, Legion Park, Lummus Park, Baywood Park, and Pallor Pack. In addition to the city parks, two other areas owned by the city of Miami contain concrete seawalls that either are failing or are in poor condition. These locations are on the north side of the Florida East Coast (FEC) Railroad boat slip and the Bicentennial Center. In conjunction with the proposed seawall replacement and improvements, two city -owned boat ramps (at the Watson Island Marina and the Seminole boat ramp in Coconut Grove) need to be improved to allow faster removal of boats in the event of a major storm. In addition, the Stadium Marina needs docks that would serve as a staging area while boats wait their turn to be removed from the water. Both to these actions would reduce the amount of damage not only to the boats left in the water, but also to city -owned structures and private property that could result from boats being blown inland. Mp only selects 3501 Rickenbacker Causeway. Other locations include: Antonio Macao Park, Legion Park, Lummus Park, Baywood Park, and Albert Pallor Park / North side of NE 110th st and1075 Biscayne Blvd /Watson Island Marina / Seminole Boat Ramp in Coconut Grove / 3501 Rickenbacker Causeway Trailer -mounted portable pumps are needed to remove floodwaters during and after major storms. The City's Public 500 1/24/202412:05 Public Works Acquire Portable Pumps and Generators 50,cmplete Flood/Storm Surge Infrastructure (alter/Sewer/Drainage) Identified Funding Source 0.00 /yWorks Department has recently acquired four l4l portable trailer mounted pumps (6incM1 suction pipe ),In addition portable generators are needed to supply power to tools that are used in a variety of applications following a disaster. The city has identified a need for six of these portable generators. 538 1/24/202412:04 Public Works Citywide Nort1-South Storm Sewer Cleaning Future Unfunded Project Flood/Storm Surge,Fload Infrastructure(Water/Sewer/Drainage) Identified Funding Source 2,400,000.00 88 The city of Miami has 25,000 inlets and 1,800,000 linear feet of various pipe size that require cleaning twice a year. Currently, in a normal year the Public Works Department is able to perform this cleaning using their own fleet of four Vac -trucks and also by subcontractingthis service.However, this task has been made even more difficult by the huge amount of debris and leaves that got blown, or drained inside the inlets following Hurricane Katrina. Cleaning of these islets and pipes is necessary to maintain the conveyance of the system and the level of protection against flooding. 3-23-a update The H city of Miami has 300 outfalls that stage control the amount of runoff and pollutant discharging into adjacent water 539 1/24/2024 12:03 Public Works Citywide Outfalls Cleaning Future Unfunded Project Flood Infrastructure (alter/Sewer/Drainage) Identified Funding Source 450,000.00 gg bodies. After Hurricane Katrina, the amount of debris flushed into the drainage systems have been accumulated inside these control structure boxes and causing the headwater to rise therefore Increasing the likelihood of street flooding. These structures are being cleaned on a yearly bask. 3-23-2023: Noupdates 540 1/24/202412.02 Public Works Citywide stormwater Deep Well Cleaning and Re-establishment Future Unfunded Project Flood,Flood/Storm Surge Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) Identified Funding Source 2,300,000.00 20 The city of Miami drainage basins are drained by a sizable number of deep drainage wells ranging in depth of 80 feet to 160 feet. A total of 90 deep drainage wells are scattered throughout the city. Periodic annual cleaning Is required especially after a hurricane in the magnitude of Katrina where a tremendous amount of windblown leaves and debris clogged these wells. This project consists of the cleaning and jetting of these wells, and the installation of grates to prevent further clogging. Mechanical cleaning, testing, and re-establishment of upto 90 stormwater system deep wellstore-establish original drainage capacity In the stormwater system, improving water quality and reducing storm -related flooding. Location is Multiple locations- citywide 3-23-2023: No updates 543 1/24/2024 12:01 Public Works PuhlicWorks Maintenance yard Building Future Unfunded Project ,Other Infrastructure (Building) Identified Funding Source 0.00 85 Curren tly, vital tools (i.e. chain saws, cutters, etc.) and personnel are housed in portable trailers. During an emergency situe n, these trailers are not being used for obvious safety reason. Asa resulttl0 department's first -response crews wait a't home until the emergency situation is lifted.A hurricane -proof facility would allow Public Works to have the crews available on board right after an emergency condition. 544 1/24/202411:57 Public Works Vehicle Tracking Devices Future Unfunded Project All Hazards Equipment Identified Funding Source 0.00 83 During situations,very difficult to efficiently track Public Works equipment and direct their operators to the disaster r area most in need. As result, some disaster areas are not being addressed Ina timely manner. N solution to these deficiencies will be to install vehicle tracking devices which will relay their position to the emergency operations center. This would allow the more timely and efficient dispatch of equipment. updates 561 1/24/202411:55 Public Works Citywide Non -Standard Drainage System Improvements Future Unfunded Project Flood Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) Identified Funding Source 2,900,000.00 78 Thereareexisting slab -covered trench, open -joint pipes, and others that are ineffective and do not comply with current City Standards. The City of Miami is seeking funding to replace the outdated systems with appropriate drainage infrastructure to address flooding concerns and reduce maintenance costs. updates Jover 10875 1/24/202411.44 Public Works Citywide Flood/Drainage Mitigation Improvements at Locations of Known Flooding Funding secured ,Flood,Flood/Storm Sur ge,Sea Level Bise,Storm Surge Infrastructure Identified Funding Source 1,000,000= a6 TheC 70 has 148 areas of known flooding concern. This project will address approximately 20 of the 11g1est priority locations by installing new drainage infrastructure, including exfiltratn trenches, drainage inlets, improved natural swales, gravity drainage wells, and more, plus ADA and roadway improvements will be performed as part of the The address on this project is "multiple locations' citywide. '23'023: tat Appropriation awarded: 1,052,000 (Agreement in-progreu). MFB funds pending Declaration of Intent (in-Progress) 26063 1/24/202411:41 Public Works Allapattah Flood Improvements Funding Secured ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 31,376,188.00 75 Loca within the boundaries of NW ] Ave to 14 Ave and NW 23 5t to 3110. Flooding and right-of-way improvements including new and up sized stormwater inlets and pipes, ex -filtration trenches, and gravity drainage wells. It is estimated that978 properties, valued at8684.510,will be Impacted by this project. 23 Grant awarded: in -progress). Match MFB funds pending Declaration of lntent(in- ss) 26099 1/24/202411:40 Public Works Edgewater Flood Improvements Phase l Funding Secured ,Flood,Sea Leve181se,Storm Surge,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 17,111,976.00 75 Located within the boundaries of NE 4 Ave to Biscayne Bay and NE 22 St to NE MR. Flooding and right-of-way improvemeMs including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, lining of existing outfall pipes, and a new stormwater mp station with injection wells. It is estimated that 529 properties, valued at $346.8M, will be impacted by this project. 23 Grant awarded: 58,555,988 (Agreement in -progress). MFB funds pending Declaration of Intent 26112 1/24/202411:36 Public or 8 Street Flood Improvements Funding Secured ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 9,]81,446.00 75 Located within the boundaries of SW 17Ave to SW 22 Ave and SW 5 St to SW 12 St. Flooding and right-of-way romen including new and upsizedstormwater inlets and pipes and new exfiltratian trenches. It is estimated that650 properties, valued at $421.510, will be impacted by this project. 9-13-2022 Grant applied for in the amount of$4,890,723 3-23-2023 Grant awarded: 84,000,000 (Agreementn-progress).Ma`ch MFB funds pending Declaration of intent (in- P (in - progress). 8-7-2D23Grant warded through Resilient Florida, in the amount of $4,890,723 26110 1/24/202411:34 Public Works East Little Havana Flood Improvements Funding Secured ,Flood,Sea Level 5ise,Other Infrastructure (Wter/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 36,894,877.00 75 Located w within the boundaries of W 12 Ave to W 17 Ave and SW 6 St to NW 25t. Flooding and right-of-way including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltratian trenches, gravity drainage wells, injection improvements including and a new stormwater pump station with an outfall to the Miami giver. It Is estimated that 846 Properties, valued at$431.IM, will be impacted by this project. - - rant awarded: $18,44],438.5(Agreement in -Progress). Match MSS funds pending Declaration ofintent (in- ant P g essGr 26105 1/24/202411:33 Public Works South Shenandoah&Silver Bluff Flood Improvements PhaseI Funding Applied for ,Flood,Sea Level Rise,Other Infrastructure (alter/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 10,100,000.00 75 Located within the boundaries of SW 8 St to SW 13 St and SW 32 Ave to SW 1] Ave. Flooding and rigM1t-of-way mprovtiro is including new and upsizedstormwater inlets and pipes, exfll`rationtrenches, and gravity drainage wells. t is estimated that 869 properties, valued at $408.2M, will be impacted by this project. 26108 1/24/202411:30 Public Works South Shenandoah& Silver Bluff Flood Improvements Phase II Funding Applied for ,Flood,Sea Level 5ue,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 10,990,604.00 75 Located within the boundaries of SW 14 St to South Dixie Hwy and SW 12 Ave to SW 17 Ave. Flooding and right-of-way improvements including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes and new exfhtration trenches. It is estimated that 2,257 properties, valued at $1.0068, will be impacted by this project. 26121 1/24/202411:39 Public Works East Flagami Flood Improvements Funding Secured ,Flood,Sea Leveleise,Other Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 30,000,000.00 75 Located within the boundaries of NW 38 Ct to NW 42 Ave and NW 1 St to N W ] St. Flooding and rightf-way including new and upsired stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltratian trenches, and a new stormwater pump a ion with Injection wells. It is estimated that 951 properties, valued at $270.7M, will be Impacted by this Project. - - warded: $14,438,495(Agreement in -progress). Match MFB funds Declaration of Intent under Resolution R-21-0504. 26114 1/24/202411:28 Public Works Auburndale Flood Improvements Funding Secured Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 30,000,000.00 25 Located within the boundaries of SW 32 Ave to 5W 32 Ave and West Flagler St to SW 8 St. Flooding and right-of-way Improvements including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes and new exfiltration trenches. It is estimated that 705 properties, $316.5M, will be impacted by this project. - - warded: $9,149,197 (Agreement in -progress). Match MFB funds Declaration of Intent under Resolution R-21-0504. 26124 1/24/2024 11:25 Public Works NE 25 Street Flood Improvements Funding Applied for Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 24,337,933.00 Located within the boundaries of Miami Ave to NE 2 Ave. Flooding and right-of-way improvements including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, injection wells, and a new stormwater pump station with an outfall to the Little River. It is estimated that 262 properties, valued at $86M, will be impacted by this project. 26126 1/24/202411:23 Public or Share crest North Flood Improvements Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) Located within the boundaries of NE 10 Ave to NE Bayshore Dr and NE 84 St to NE 86 St. Flooding and right-of-way improvernen.including new and upsizedstormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, injection wells, and a new 51,440,3E7.00 75 stormstorrnwater pstation with an outfall to Biscayne Bay. It is estimated that 107 properties, valved at$2S.8M, will be impacted bythis project. 261a2 1/24/202411:22 Public Works Clemente Park Flood Improvements Funding Secured Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 14,734,729.00 Located within .e boundaries of Miami Ave to NW 2 Ave and NW 30 St to 36 St. Flooding and right-of-way wellsemen m including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, and a gravity drainage It is estimated that 438 properties, valued at $259.2M, will be impacted by this project. 3-23-2023 Gran t application not awarded. Requested !ore funds ($3,788,931) for Design pending Declaration of Intent (in -Progress). dedtb,ou Sb Resi ien30 on a, ntM1e amount of$ 26138 1/24/2024 11:19 Public Works South-West Wynwood Flood Improvements Funding Secured Located within .e boundaries of NW 3 Ave to NW 5 PI and NW 16 St to NW 28 St. Flooding and right-of-way improvements including new and upsized stormwater inlets and pipes, exfiltration trenches, gravity drainage wells, injection wells, and a new stormwater pump station with an outfall to Biscayne Bay. It is estimated that 662 properties, Infrastructure (Water/Sewer/Drainage) (NULL) 31,523,773.00 25 valued at$926.2M, will be impacted by.: project. 12178 1/24/202411:56 Resilience and Sustainabiliry Elevation for 6 homes In flood prone areas Future Unfunded Project ,FIoad,Flood/StarmSurge,Sea Level Rise,Starm Surge Infrastructure (Building) This project will be to provide funding to vertically elevate the homes of Miami residents. We will model FEMA Flood Mitigation ce (FMA) for fund distribution. All resident's the receive funding must have flood insurance. Funds will bedistriAssistance a first -came, first -served basis after accounting for the following: Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL), Repetitive Loss (RL), and any other homes with flood insurance. The first tier of funding will be SRL homes, the second RL, and all other homes will be a part of the third tier. Funded homes with SRL will receive $200,000, funded homes with RL will receive $180,000 with a $20,000 cost -share, and all other funded homes will receive $150,000 with a Identified Funding Source 0.00 56 $50cost share until the grant award is fully encumbered. The cost -share must be paid for by the resident Funds will be distributed on a reimbursement -basis provided the residents fully comply with all program rules. SRL and RL will be defined as per FEMA's definitions an the 201E FMA fact sheet. Residents will have to prove that their homes meet the definitions. This program will fund 5-6 homes. 10344 1/24/202411:53 Resilience and Sus inability City of Miami Mitig n Plan Business Case Analysis Grant Applied For 0.00 74 The business case study will include an economic analysis of the value of our risk reduction plans in our LMS and will address multiple hazards, with a focus on flooding and sea level rise. This analysis will explain the risk cost of inaction (In dollar terms) and the extent to which the risk cost is likely to be reduced as a result of the city's infrastructure investments (also In dollar terms). The work will consider the complex relationship and impacts among the City's plannedinvestmentsto the City's property tax base, flood insurance, real estate market and financial mortgage cycles, and City credit ratings, land use issues, or any other factor that may be pertinent. Oimiarni are ecl is TO improve ry ends wu with higher seawalls in the City Mat of Miami and design thosepsea-walls to serve'dual uses, such as baywalk/sea wall combinations, as done in the Netherlands. It is a high priority due to the consequence of the hazard this project addresses, storm surge. 10867 1/24/202411:48 Resilience and Sustainabiliry • Streetend Improvements and Baywalks Funding Secured ,Food,FIoad/Storm Surge,Sea Level Rise,Storm Surge Infrastructure (Roadway) Coastal flooding as a result of Hurricane Irma was extensive within the City of Miami. The fallowing is an example of a project that would be funded with this project: •Edgewater is a high population density neighborhood on the coast north of downtown •Edgew er is in evacuation zone C, and is not considered to be vulnerable to high storm surge based an current modeling. rased on initial studies, Flooding in Edgewater exceeded predicted levels by 2-4' which damaged cars and made buildings inaccessible. Identified Funding Source 0.00 28 uch of the storm surge entered the neighborhood via public -right -of way street ends that terminate at Biscayne Bay. •As this neighborhood is very low-lying an the east but rises up to the Atlantic Coastal Ridge to the west, it collects rain eand is vulnerable to flooding from the combination of king tides and rainfall. Streets with low-lying outlets are particularly vulnerable. •The city would like to make Improvements to the street ends in order to make them invulnerable to King Tides and stormmore resistant to •35tf street at the northern end of the neighborhood Is a wider cul-de-sac and does not have building entrances or driveways near the water, ensuring that there Is room for improvements with little regulatory conflict. example project would include the improvement of the following: o Seawall odraanage structures DA baywalk allowing pedestrian access to the North, South, and West to the bay oA stormwater retenton/processingg n infrastructure element to reduce Flooding associated with rain and storms 2739 6/4/202512:02 Solid Wast Handheld Radios for Solid Waste Funding Secured ,Technological Disruption Equipment Identified Funding Source 225,570.00 27 530 6/4/2025 11:49 Solid Wast Street S p g Program improvement Future unfunded Project All Hazards Equipment Identified Funding Source 1,067,000.00 26 Radios for use by Solid Waste. These radios would be able to utilize police/fire towers. The radios would be used by Solid Waste to communicate post disaster during emergency protective measures. The city currently has minimal staff and equipment assigned to sweep streets so as to minimize blockage of storm drains. This project includes the acquisition of five additional pieces of equipment, one year of equipment maintenance, tipping fees and the hiring of equipment operators. Street sweeping program would be conducted citywide on a programmed basis. SOS 2/2/202113:49 Salid City of Miami -Solid Waste Building Window/Doors Hardening Project Construction/ProseConstruction/Project Begun,wind Other Identified Funding Source 979,860.00 79 This wind retrofit project will include: obtaining structural adequacy report from a qualified registered Professional Engineer for the Solid Waste Main and Shop Building, located at 1290 N.W. 20th Street, Miami, FL 33142; replacement of the roof, Installing approximately 3,200 square feet of i]Srre Guard Plus 2000 Window Security Barrier System for all existing glass windows; replacement of two )2) solid Swing -Out Metal Doors at the Main Building and (2) Solid Swing - Out etal Doors at the Shop Building; an Accordion shutter at the entrance of the Main Building; and tie downs for roof equipment at both buildings. Study and implementation of options approved by DE and code to protect the shoreline and beach areas. Prevent 11232 2/21/202511:33 g a y Beach Trust g a y Beach storm water management Future Unfunded Project ,Flood,Flood/Storm Surge,5ea level Rise,Storm Surge Beach/Seawall Identified Funding Source 120,000.00 50 beach erosion and allow preparing area for storm surge end flood control. 0••••A • wo•06 a•o**Iii LOCAL MITIGATION Me*, •••••• •••••• STRATEGY: ,, .. LPAS 11 w "i-ar Miami -Dade County 2025 PART 1: MIAMI-DARE DEPARTMENT DF ENCY MANAG EMERGENCY / '? Part 1: The Strategy This page left intentionally blank. September 2025 P1-1 1144 F iam .Lac Co.nty Part 1: The Strategy INTRODUCTION 3 PURPOSE 3 How TO USE THIS PLAN 4 LMS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 5 LMS CHAIR 5 LMS Co -CHAIR 5 LMS STEERING COMMITTEE 6 LMS WORKING GROUP 6 Municipal Participation 7 LMS SUBCOMMITTEES 7 MEETINGS 7 PLANNING PROCESS 8 ANNUAL UPDATES 8 FIVE-YEAR UPDATE 8 2025 LMS Update Management Plan (LMS-PUMP) 9 REVIEW AND REVISION CRITERIA 13 INCORPORATION OF EXISTING PLANS AND STRATEGIES 14 PLAN ADOPTION 15 POLICIES, ORDINANCES AND PROGRAMS AFFECTING MITIGATION 16 FEDERAL 16 STATE 17 COUNTY 18 County Programs 19 MUNICIPALITIES 22 Municipal Agencies and their Mitigation Functions 22 MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 24 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT 28 RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION OR OMISSION OF HAZARDS IN LMS 29 IMPACTS OF FUTURE CHANGES IN POPULATION AND LAND USE 45 NATURAL HAZARDS BYJURISDICTION 51 DROUGHT 54 EROSION 61 FLOODING 70 HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 91 SALTWATER INTRUSION 106 SEA LEVEL RISE 116 SEVERE STORM 134 TORNADO 143 WILDFIRE 151 COLD WAVE 159 EXTREME HEAT 166 EPIDEMIC/PANDEMIC 177 DATA SOURCES 185 September 2025 P1-2 rniami.La�,. Part 1: The Strategy INTRODUCTION The Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is a comprehensive plan designed to reduce the community's long-term vulnerability to disasters. This plan forms the foundation of Miami - Dade County's approach to mitigation initiatives and establishes the county's eligibility for Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) funding. The mitigation objectives and goals deter- mined in this plan are informed by an assessment of the hazards unique to Miami -Dade County. As a living document, the LMS Plan is revised to integrate necessary changes identified by whole community partners under the direction of Miami -Dade County De- partment of Emergency Management (DEM). This plan was published on the DEM website for public review and feedback received was integrated prior to submission to the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) for approval. The LMS Plan was presented to the Miami -Dade Board of County Commissioners (BCC) for adoption in 2025. A review of the changes that have been made to the LMS since its last adoption in 2020 is provided in Part 4: Appendix A. Purpose The purpose of the LMS is to develop a comprehensive approach to effectively reduce the impact of current and future hazards and risks faced by local communities within Mi- ami -Dade County. 1 The LMS accomplishes this through the following measures: • A planning process that encourages whole community participation and input; • Review and incorporation of community plans, local, state and federal regulations and guidance, studies, reports and technical information; • Overview of past and present occurrences and projected future hazard events; • Linkage of mitigation measures and actions to the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA); • Identification of measures and actions as LMS Projects are accomplished, are planned for implementation, or identified as potential or future initiatives; • Identification of potential or actual funding sources; • Integration of GIS to provide maps to illustrate hazard and risk areas, consequence analysis and mitigation measures; • Annual reviews and updates; • Regular meetings, informational messaging, trainings and workshops to engage the mitigation participants; • An identified process for monitoring the overall progress of mitigation strategies and documentation of completed initiatives. 1 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.1 September 2025 P1-3 0Ni rniam Co.ritr Part 1: The Strategy This strategy will continuously evolve to address current and future risk and vulnerability. How to Use This Plan The LMS is divided into five (5) parts: Part 1 — The Strategy (LMS-Part 1) — Provides an overview of the LMS and identifies how the plan is implemented, updated, and informed by legal authorities. This part sets forth the goals and objectives for mitigation actions. It also includes the hazards assess- ment along with rationale for inclusion or omission of hazards in our strategy and infor- mation about varying jurisdictional vulnerabilities. Part 2 — The Projects (LMS-Part 2) — Contains the methodology for how mitigation pro- jects are submitted, prioritized,2 and tracked. Also includes the list of projects identified by the LMS Working Group members for mitigation actions that are planned, in progress, or completed. This part also highlights case studies of projects completed within the last four years. Part 3 — Funding (LMS-Part 3) — Identifies potential funding sources for mitigation pro- jects. Part 4 — Appendices (LMS-Part 4) — This section contains a number of supportive doc- uments including: • List of Updates made to the plan since the last adoption • List of LMS members including Steering Committee, Working Group and Subcom- mittees • Miami -Dade Resolution Adopting the LMS • State Letter approving the LMS • FEMA Letter approving the LMS • Local Charter information for the Metropolitan form of Government • Integration Document • Municipal Integration of the LMS • Community and Economic Profile Part 5 — Flooding NFIP & CRS (LMS-Part 5) — Contains information specific to flood management plans and identifies activities and information in support of the CRS pro- gram. 2 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.3 September 2025 P1-4 rniami.La�,. Part 1:The Strategy LMS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE The LMS is a compilation of initiatives that are identified and supported by the LMS Chair, LMS Co -Chair, the Steering Committee (LMSSC), the Working Group (LMSWG), sub- committees and ultimately adopted by local governing bodies. A complete list of the par- ticipants of the LMS are listed in LMS-Part 4 Appendices B and C. LMS Chair The Miami -Dade County Department of Emergency Management (DEM) Mitigation Plan- ner serves as the LMS Chair. The LMS Chair is responsible for updating and maintaining the LMS Plan, coordinating meetings and trainings, reviewing and archiving LMS projects, and disseminating information pertinent to the mitigation goals and objectives set forth in the LMS. The LMS Chair also serves as the LMSSC Chair. This involves scheduling and presiding over the LMS meetings. The LMS Chair participates in workshops, trainings, and confer- ences throughout the year to benefit the LMS. Additionally, the LMS Chair maintains a distribution list of individuals interested in mitigation and is responsible for the website updates. LMS Co -Chair The LMS Co -Chair is an appointed position by the LMS Chair and assists the LMS Chair with administrative responsibilities, LMS plan updates, and mitigation initiatives as well as providing consultation to the LMS Chair. The LMS Co -Chair is also responsible to stand in for the LMS Chair in case of any unforeseen absences. September 2025 P1-5 0Ni rniam Co.ritr Part 1: The Strategy LMS Steering Committee The LMSSC acts as a "Board -of -Directors" and is responsible for the development of policy guidance. Members of the LMSSC are representative of the organizations found within the larger Working Group (i.e. municipal, county, educational, not -for -profits, pri- vate sectors and individuals). The LMSSC acts as a review committee for the establish- ment of this LMS and the prioritization of the projects therein when a limited funding source is available. Membership on any committee shall be voluntary and subject to the review and approval of the LMSWG. A committee member who fails to attend a reason- able number of committee meetings may be dropped from participation in the committee by a majority vote of the other members of that committee. Any planning and program development matters are addressed as needed in LMSSC meetings and open forums in the LMS quarterly meetings. LMS Working Group The LMSWG is composed of representatives from eight main groups: • Municipalities • County Departments • Colleges and Universities • Hospitals and Health Care • Private Non -Profits • Private Sector/Businesses • Regional, State and Federal Partners • Other Stakeholders, including private citizens The makeup of the LMSWG is not limited to any organization or jurisdiction. Numerous others have expressed the desire to participate in the LMS and are welcome to do so. Each organization is encouraged to solicit participation and commentary from its citizens, employees, and members.3 To be considered a participant of the LMS and receive the benefits thereof, a municipality, County Department or any other organization must attend at least two (2) of the last four (4) quarterly meetings held. The agencies that are participating in the LMSWG are iden- tified in Part 4 Appendix B. 3 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.4.1(2) September 2025 P1-6 1144 F �m .�a�� Co t Part 1: The Strategy Municipal Participation Within Miami -Dade County the following municipalities are active participants of the LMS Working Group. City of Aventura City of Homestead City of Opa-locka Bal Harbour Village Village of Key Biscayne Village of Palmetto Bay Town of Bay Harbor Islands Town of Medley Village of Pinecrest Village of Biscayne Park City of Miami City of South Miami City of Coral Gables City of Miami Beach City of Sunny Isles Beach Town of Cutler Bay City of Miami Gardens Town of Surfside City of Doral Town of Miami Lakes City of Sweetwater Village of El Portal Miami Shores Village Village of Virginia Gardens Florida City City of Miami Springs City of West Miami Town of Golden Beach City of North Miami Indian Creek Village City of Hialeah Gardens North Bay Village Miami -Dade County (unin- corporated areas) City of Hialeah City of North Miami Beach For the remainder of this document municipalities will be referred to by only the name and not the full title (e.g. City of Coral Gables will be referred to as Coral Gables). LMS Subcommittees To streamline the LMSWG's activities, various subcommittees may be formed as needed to address an area of concern. The formation and disbandment of subcommittees is done in correlation with trending issues that are addressed by the LMSWG members. A list of possible subcommittees can be found in Part 4 Appendix C. Meetings The LMSWG meets once each calendar quarter and the LMSSC and LMS Subcommit- tees meet as needed. Meeting announcements are posted on the LMS webpage, and emails are sent to the LMS Distribution List which is maintained by the LMS Chair and Co -Chair. The representatives are encouraged to notify the public or other interested parties about meeting dates at least 30-days prior to each meeting. Meeting times, dates and locations will be posted on the LMS website: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/emergency/local- m itigation-strategy. page Meeting notes and attendance records are kept by the LMS Chair and Co -Chair and are available upon request. September 2025 P1-7 rniami.La�,. Part 1:The Strategy PLANNING PROCESS4 The LMS Chair with the assistance of the LMS Steering Committee, and input from the LMSWG, LMS subcommittees, and the public, updates and maintains this plan. Updates are based on factors such as recent disaster events, changes in Local, State, and Federal policies, emerging issues such as aging infrastructure, and new development projects that impact Miami -Dade County communities. The LMS Chair includes a listing of the revisions made to this plan in relation to these factors, which is documented in the Part 4 Appendix A: List of LMS Changes. Annual Updates The LMS is updated on an annual basis. These updates are based on reviews from the LMS Chair and input from partners regarding the effectiveness of the plan in reducing the County's vulnerability to hazards and in achieving LMS goals. Any proposed changes are reviewed for integration with the LMS and Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) crosswalks provided by FDEM, the Emergency Management Accreditation Pro- gram (EMAP) Standards, the Community Rating System (CRS) Coordinator's Manual, and the Threat Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA). An annual update to the LMS is provided to the State by the last working day of January and the documents are subsequently posted on the Miami -Dade County website. Five -Year Update A complete State and Federal review and approval of this plan is conducted on a five- year cycle. The plan has undergone review and approval from FDEM with delegated authority from FEMA every five (5) years since 2000. The five-year review process incor- porates the annual updates and a review of the FDEM LMS Crosswalk. FDEM notifies the LMS Chair 12-months in advance of the plan expiration date. The LMS Plan is up- dated and prepared at least eight (8) months prior to its expiration for public review and comments on the plan. Once all comments are reviewed and incorporated, the updated LMS will be submitted to FDEM by the LMS Chair for review no later than six (6) months prior to its expiration date. FDEM will review the LMS Plan and provide comments, and if needed, the LMS Chair will make revisions to satisfy any State LMS Crosswalk deficiencies. Once the plan has been approved pending adoption by the State, individual jurisdictions and agencies must adopt the plan and provide the resolutions adopting the plan to the LMS Chair so that they may be forwarded to the State and FEMA to receive approved status. 4 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.1.(2) September 2025 P1-8 1144 t iami.L'a< Part 1:The Strategy 2025 LMS Update Management Plan (LMS-PUMP) The planning process for the 5-year update for the LMS began at the December 14, 2023 Quarterly Meeting. At this meeting the LMS Chair presented and dis- cussed the LMS Planning Update Management Plan (LMS-PUMP). This plan in- cluded the schedule for updating the LMS, the information that would be re- quested, the schedule for meetings and workshops that would discuss various el- ements of the plan and the expected roles and responsibilities of the entities in- volved in the update process. In the LMS-PUMP, the following major milestones of the update process were pre- sented: Dec. 2023 Five-year update plan presentatrrn at LMS quarterly meeting Feb -Sept. 2024 r Mc milalzoratrnn through meeting and input coordination Jan -Fab. 2025 Draft of plan released for public comment Marti, 2025 Sittlni::=: ire July 2025 Plan approved try State pending adoption Aug. 2025 Forward adoption rci oltittons to State Sept. 2025 LMS Chair towards letters of approval to partners July 2025 Aug -Sept. 2025 Submission to respective State and FEMA send out boards and councils for letters of approval to LMS adoption Chair The roles and responsibilities of the entities involved in the update process are as follows: LMS Chair Responsible for the overall update process. This includes: • Ensures that the new plan meets all the policy requirements for a FEMA approved plan • Provides the LMSWG with a process to update the plan and organizes all the required meetings and discussions • Documents the meetings, discussions and updates of the plan • Directs the meetings and discussions • Implements the approval process LMSSC • Participate in all PUC meetings and quarterly LMS meetings • Reviews plan and provides recommendations for plan updates • Review draft edits to plan volumes, and approve changes September 2025 P1-9 114 Part 1: The Strategy Plan Update Committee (PUC) • Participates in the PUC meetings and drafts initial edits to the plan elements • PUC members may attend all or a selection of the PUC meetings based on expertise and areas of interest LMSWG • Participate in all PUC meetings and quarterly LMS meetings • Reviews plan and provides recommendations for plan updates • Review draft edits to plan volumes, and approve changes Jurisdictions, Special Taxing Districts and Agencies with Boards • Must provide updates regarding how they implement the mitigation plan in their own planning efforts • Must submit the approved plan for adoption by their boards and councils Florida Division of Emergency Management • Provides support regarding policy, guidance and procedures regarding the development of hazard mitigation plans and their updates • Reviews and approves hazard mitigation plans through their 5-year cycle updates • Provides training regarding policy, guidance and procedures regarding the development of hazard mitigation plans and the approval process • Coordinates the review and approval process between FEMA and local gov- ernments The LMS-PUMP describes the major elements of the LMS Plan that require dis- cussion, collaboration, and input from the community to be updated. These ele- ments require discussion within the Plan Update Committee (PUC) meetings. The PUC is composed of the LMS Steering Committee (LMSSC) and any LMSWG committee members that volunteer to join each individual PUC meeting. For a complete list of all the LMS Working Group members that were invited to these planning meetings, refer to Appendix B. The LMS-PUMP also states that FEMA policy requires participating jurisdictions to be part of the development of the haz- ard mitigation plan to receive FEMA approval and the benefits of that approval. The following table describes the plan elements and the parties involved in their update: Plan Element Collaboration needed Responsible Parties (Part 1 — The Strategy) Policies, Ordinances and Programs Affecting Mitiga- tion Agencies need to pro- vide updates regard- ing how the plan is im- plemented locally in their own planning processes Jurisdictions, Special Taxing Dis- tricts and Agencies with Boards September 2025 P1-10 rniami.Lac Co.nty Part 1; The Strategy Plan Element Collaboration needed Responsible Parties (Part 1 — The Strategy) Analysis of all Hazards from THIRA Hazards from the most recently updated THIRA need to be re- viewed to determine consideration in the LMS PUC will review section in ad - vance of working meetings, and provide written edits to LMS Chair LMSWG will provide input and consensus of Hazards during quarterly meetings (Part 1 — The Strategy) Mit- igation Goals and Objec- tives Mitigation goals and objectives will be eval- uated to ensure align- ment with community needs as well as up- dated Hazard analysis PUC will review section in ad- vance of working meetings, and provide written edits to LMS Chair LMSWG will provide input and consensus on goals and objec- tives during quarterly meetings (Part 2 — The Projects) Pri- oritizing Mitigation Initia- tives This element focuses on the criteria for prior- itizing mitigation ac- tions and projects. The process will be re- viewed to ensure ac- tions and projects are prioritized according to need and benefit. This section also in- cludes the mitigation project list for the county since the last plan update. PUC will review section in ad- vance of working meetings, and provide written edits to LMS Chair Updated criteria will be presented at quarterly meeting for LMSWG review and discussion LMS Chair will provide survey for input LMSWG members will provide responses and updates regard- ing their respective completed projects since the last plan up- date. (Part 3 — Funding) The Funding Section will be re- viewed to ensure ac- curate and up to date information on all funding sources and programs, identify any potential new sources of funding, and PUC will review section in ad - vance of working meetings, and provide written edits to LMS Chair September 2025 P1-11 rniami.Lac Co.nty Part 1; The Strategy Plan Element Collaboration needed Responsible Parties provide additional guidance on how to navigate these sources to maximize funding opportunities (Part 4: The Appendices) The Appendices — Appen- dix H: Integration Docu- ment Relevant plans will be listed, plan elements will be identified for each plan, and re- views will occur to en- sure significant ele- ments and priorities from other plans align with LMS Plan. Addi- tionally, any actions needed to bring plans into alignment will be noted. PUC members will be assigned a plan/plans in advance. PUC members will review their respec- tive assignment ahead of working meetings, and provide written ed- its to LMS Chair LMS Chair will consult with origi- nal plan authors for final consen- sus prior to adoption of this sec - tion. (Part 4: The Appendices) The Appendices Existing maps will be updated to current data. Additional map- ping needs will be identified based on available research, current hazard analy- sis, state hazard miti- gation plan, and oth- ers sources as appro- priate. LMS Chair will meet with County GIS department to make needed updates. For meetings and discussions scheduled with topics from the LMS-PUMP, relevant materials were forwarded to PUC members ahead of the meetings to provide a better understanding of the elements that were being discussed. PUC members were given an opportunity to provide input during the meetings or in writing via email. September 2025 P1-12 1144 F iami.L'ac Co.nty Part 1: The Strategy The following table details when the LMS Quarterly and PUC meetings were held to host discussions about the elements of LMS Plan broken down by topic: Date Meeting Topics Location December 14, 2023 LMS Q4 • Presentation of LMS PUMP North Dade Regional Li- brary February 29, 2024 PUC • (Part 1 — The Strategy) Analy- sis of all Hazards from THIRA Remote: Microsoft Teams March 14, 2024 PUC • (Part 1 — The Strategy) Mitiga- tion Goals and Objectives Remote: Microsoft Teams March 28, 2024 LMS - Q1 • Presentation and Discussion of Hazards, Goals and Objectives In person April 23, 2024 PUC • (Part 2 — The Projects) Prioritiz- ing Mitigation Initiatives Remote: Microsoft Teams June 27, 2024 LMS — Q2 • Presentation and discussion of Prioritization of Projects • Deadline to provide agency up- dates (self -reported elements not requiring discussion), Policies, Ordinances and Programs Af- fecting Mitigation (See Part 1: The Strategy of the LMS Plan) • Deadline to provide survey re- sponses for completed projects (See Part 2: The Projects) In person July 30, 2024 PUC • (Part 4: The Appendices) The Appendices — Appendix H: Inte- gration Document Remote: Microsoft Teams August 28, 2024 PUC • (Part 3 — Funding) The Funding Remote: Microsoft Teams Review and Revision Criteria The LMS will be updated by the LMS Chair with the assistance of the LMSSC and input from the LMSWG. Most revisions made to each section of this document were based upon the LMS-PUMP explained earlier in this document and LMSWG meetings that gen- erally discussed the following questions: September 2025 P1-13 114 Part 1: The Strategy 1. Have there been any new mandates from Federal, State or Local agencies that require changes to the LMS? Any new or changing laws, policies or regulations? 2. Are there any societal developments or significant changes in the community that must be added to the current LMS? Does the LMS still reflect the concerns of the community? Are the demographics the same? Has there been any growth or devel- opment in hazard areas? 3. Have there been any changes in funding sources or requirements? 4. Should the LMS be updated to include any new forms of hazards or areas of vulnera- bility within Miami -Dade County communities? 5. Have there been any changes in the Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP), THIRA, or any other planning documents? 6. Have any of the mitigation opportunities been implemented? Are the priorities for implementation the same? 7. What are the recommendations or lessons learned from any major incidents that have occurred during the past five-year update period? Public Review and Comment The latest published version of the LMS Plan is posted on the Miami -Dade County web - site: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/emergency/local-mitigation-strategy.page for public review and commentary. Any comments received through this medium will be in- corporated through the revision process identified above. Comments can be sent to the following email address mdlms@miamidade.gov. DEM will post messages via the different social media platforms and the Miami -Dade County website to encourage Miami -Dade community members to review and comment on the Plan. Incorporation of Existing Plans and Strategies As part of the planning process, the LMSWG performed a review of local policies and plans to create an Integration Document (Part 4 Appendix H). The LMS Chair, as part of the LMS-PUMP, coordinated a planning meeting facilitated by FEMA contractors through their BRIC Direct Technical Assistance grant program. Opportunities for plan integration of policies, ordinances and programs were discussed so that they could be memorialized in the LMS Plan. Areas for opportunity where mitigation may be better aligned are also notated. The Integration Document in Part 4 Appendix H includes evaluations of the following: • Miami -Dade County Resilient305 Strategy • Miami -Dade County Sea Level Rise Strategy • Miami -Dade County Thrive305 Action Plan • Miami -Dade County DEM Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan (PDRP) • 2050 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) September 2025 P1-14 1144 F iami.Lac Co.nty Part 1: The Strategy • Miami -Dade County Extreme Heat Action Plan 2022 • Miami -Dade County DEM Recovery Support Function (RSF) Mitigation Annex • Miami -Dade County DEM Flood Response Plan • Miami -Dade County DEM Recovery Plan (July 2022) • Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan (RCAP) 3.0 • Municipal Watershed Master Plans and Stormwater Master Plans Plan Adoption Once the plan has been approved by FDEM and FEMA, it will be submitted to the Miami - Dade County Board of County Commissioners (BCC) for adoption. Miami -Dade County has a metropolitan form of government with its own Home Rule Charter (Part 4 — Appen- dix G). Once the BCC passes a resolution, that action automatically includes all the Mu- nicipalities within the County. In the event a Municipality does not wish to participate in the action, that Municipality must, through their own resolution, opt out. However, FEMA requires that each jurisdiction, special tax district, institution or agency governed by a board or council adopt the LMS Plan through their own resolution to receive approval and the benefits of approval. Miami -Dade County communities that wish to utilize the LMS as their Floodplain Man- agement Plan for credit under the CRS Program, must also adopt the LMS. Copies of the local adoption must be sent to the LMS Chair to be incorporated into LMS-Part 4. A copy of the official plan adoption document can be found in Part 4 Appendix D. September 2025 P1-15 0Ni rniam Co.ritr Part 1: The Strategy POLICIES, ORDINANCES AND PROGRAMS AFFECTING MITIGATION 5 There are many federal, state and county laws and policies that affect hazard mitigation and all the members of the LMSWG. Some of those are: Federal 1. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, P.L. 93-288 as amended (The Stafford Act) is interpreted by Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regula- tion (44 CFR) and governs FEMA and emergency management and sets forth the federal concepts for hazard mitigation. It also defines the Coastal Barriers Resources Act (44 CFR 206 subpart J) and describes floodplain and environmental management (Parts 9 and 10). 2. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA-2K) has also redefined parts of The Stafford Act and those changes have been incorporated into this document. Much of FEMA has been further redefined by the "Post -Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006," which was enacted by Congress and signed into law by the President in the fall of 2006. 3. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Community Rating System (CRS) FLA-15, July 1996, sets up a community rating system for flood insurance of- fering incentives for communities and credits for identified floodplain management ac- tivities. 4. National Fire Code, 1993 and NFPA 101 Life Safety Code define uniform fire safety standards adopted by rule by the State Fire Marshal. 5. Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations, which defines the Coastal Zone Manage- ment Act (15 CFR Parts 923 and 930). 6. Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulation which defines the National Environmental Policy Act including such mitigation measures as included in the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (Part 61), Toxic Substances Control Act (Part 763), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and CERCLA (the Super - fund). 7. Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations that defines the Occupational Safety and Health Act containing many hazard mitigation measures. 8. Presidential Decision Directives 39 and 62 are the authorities directing the develop- ment of terrorism response. 5 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.4 (1) September 2025 P1-16 rniami.Lac Co.nty Part 1: The Strategy 9. Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) 8: National Preparedness was released in March 2011. The goal of PPD 8 is to strengthen the security and resilience of the U.S. through five (5) preparedness mission areas — Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Re- sponse and Recovery. a. National Protection Framework follows the guiding principles of resilience and scalability, a risk informed culture and shared responsibility. b. National Mitigation Framework establishes a common platform for coordinating and addressing how the Nation manages risk through mitigation capabilities. c. National Response Framework includes establishing a safe and secure environ- ment moving towards recovery. d. National Disaster Recovery Framework focuses on how to best restore, rede- velop and revitalize the community and build a more resilient Nation. 10 National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP): provides a framework for programs and initiatives for the protection of Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (Cl/KR) and ensures that resources are applied where they offer the most benefit for mitigating risk. 11. PPD — 21 Critical Infrastructure and Resilience establishes a national policy on critical infrastructure security and resilience State 1. State of Florida Statutes which are pertinent to hazard mitigation include: a. Chapter 161 — Beach and Shore Preservation b. Chapter 163 — Conservation, Aquifer Recharge and Drainage Element c. Chapter 255 — Public Property and Public Buildings d. Chapter 373 — Water Resources e. Chapter 380 — FDEP Resilient Florida Program f. Chapter 403 — Environment Controls 2. The South Florida Water Management District is a regional government agency that oversees the water resources in the southern half of the state through managing and protecting water resources including balancing and improving water quality, flood con- trol, natural systems and water supply. September 2025 P1-17 1144 F iami.L'ac Co.nty Part 1: The Strategy 3. South Florida Fire Prevention Code 1992-93 (adopted by the County Commission) defines standards for fire prevention and allows controlled burns as mitigation. County 1. Board of County Commission Resolutions a. R-572-00, which establishes the Miami -Dade Local Mitigation Strategy as official county policy. b. R-710-05, which authorizes the County Manager to apply for, receive, expend and amend applications for projects listed in the Miami -Dade Local Mitigation Strategy. c. R-451-14, which requires all County infrastructure projects to consider potential impacts of sea level rise during all project phases. 2. Pertinent Miami -Dade County laws include codes and ordinances that govern the un- incorporated and municipal activities, as follows: a. Chapter 8(b) of the county code, which deals with emergency management. b. Chapter 11(c), covering Development within Flood Hazard Districts. c. Chapter 17, i.e. the Housing Code, focused on maintaining the housing stock in decent safe and sanitary conditions. d. Chapter 18b covering right-of-way landscaping. e. Chapter 24 covering the activities of the Miami -Dade Division Environmental Re- sources Management (DERM) for permitting hazardous materials. f. Chapter 28 of the county code which deals with subdivision regulations. 9. Chapter 33, covering zoning activities for approval of a development of regional impact. h. Floodplain Management Program sets the criteria for elevations and assesses the risks for flooding for different areas of the County. i. Miami -Dade County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) man- dates that municipalities have emergency management plans, as well as recom- mends the performance of hazard mitigation activities. September 2025 P1-18 114 J• Part 1: The Strategy Miami -Dade County Comprehensive Land Use Plan dictates current land use and controls future land use and growth throughout the county. k. The Public Works Manual, especially Section D5, concerning coastal construction. I. Miami -Dade County Environmental Protection Ordinance, Coastal and Freshwater Wetlands Regulations. 3. Miami -Dade County Special Assessment Districts can provide tree -trimming pro- grams that prevent more severe damage during windstorms. 4. On March 1, 2002, the Florida Building Code (FBC), was adopted by Miami -Dade County and all the Municipalities, consequently replacing the South Florida Building Code. The High Velocity Hurricane Zone (HVHZ) portions of the code are applicable to Miami -Dade and Broward Counties only, the HVHZ sections of the FBC in addition to the most current ASCE- 7 standard contains stricter design and construction measures, especially to protect windows, walls, and roof from wind -born debris. In 2012, the FBC was amended to include flood protection measures and use of ASCE- 24. 5. The Local Law Enforcement Mutual Aid Agreement with Miami -Dade County designed to coordinate and supplement local resources. 6. The Statewide Mutual Aid Agreement for Catastrophic Disaster Response and Recov- ery establishes a local resource for all Working Group members that are presently signatories. 7. The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact set forth an agreement be- tween Miami -Dade, Broward, Palm Beach and Monroe Counties to work in collabora- tion to address the impacts of climate change on Southeast Florida. The Climate Change Action Plan was subsequently developed to identify and pursue reduction and resiliency measures in the region. County Programs Stormwater Management Masterplan This program has the responsibility of the evaluation of flood protection levels of service. The Stormwater Management (Drainage) Level of Service (LOS) Standards for Miami - Dade County contain both a Flood Protection (FPLOS) and Water Quality (WQLOS) com- ponent. The minimum acceptable Flood Protection Level of Service (FPLOS) standard for Miami -Dade County is protection from the degree of flooding that would result for a duration of one day from a ten-year storm, with exceptions in previously developed canal basins, where additional development to this base standard would pose a risk to existing development. All structures shall be constructed at, or above, the minimum floor elevation following the latest version of the Florida Building Code or as specified in Chapter 11-C September 2025 P1-19 rniami.La�,. Part 1: The Strategy of the Miami -Dade County Code, whichever is higher. The incorporated areas of the county (municipalities) may have adopted stricter elevation standards. Subdivision and Other Regulations Miami -Dade County Code imposes certain developmental requirements before land is platted. These relate to the provision of water and sewer facilities, local streets, side- walks, drainage, and open space. Before use permits or certificates of occupancy can be issued, Section 33-275 of the Miami -Dade County Code requires that adequate water, sewage and waste disposal facilities be provided. County Flood Criteria The County Flood Criteria sets the minimum Flood Protection Level of Service for finished grade elevation of developed sites, secondary canal banks and crown/grade of roads except as subject to higher localized standards. The County Flood Criteria are based on analysis of the flood conditions created by a 25-year/3-day and a 10-year/24-hour storm event, respectively, and a sea level rise forecast of 2 feet and above (expected to occur in year 2060). Shoreline Review The Shoreline Development Review Ordinance was adopted in 1985 and prescribes min- imum standards for setbacks, visual corridors and, with its' accompanying resolutions, sets out a flexible review process through which architectural interest, building orientation, landscaping, shoreline use compatibility, access, and other design related elements can be negotiated with the developers and enforced by the local governing jurisdiction. Area Plan Report Since 1998, Area Plan Reports have emerged as a preferred planning technique for com- munity visioning and helping to find answers to fundamental planning questions. An Area Plan Report is a practical planning technique, which blends public participation, detailed planning, and the development of implementation tools. Its principal focus is the creation of planning products (instead of processes.) Public participation is indispensable for a successful Area Plan Report. The overriding objective is the creation of a detailed plan, which resolves areas of concern identified in the Area Plan Report study area; often these concerns involve capital improvements such as roads, sewers, sidewalks, parks and other community improvements. The Planning and Zoning Divisions of the Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources implements the Area Plan Report process as a collective planning effort that develops a small area plan which incorporates the priorities of a community. Adaptation Action Area Planning Adaptation Action Areas (AAAs) are one of Miami -Dade County's localized responses to sea level rise, related risks of flooding and other community resilience challenges. The goal of the AAA program is to accelerate community -led, neighborhood -scale adaptation approaches in the County's most vulnerable communities. In 2011, the Florida Legislature created Adaptation Action Areas (S.163.3177 Florida Statutes). AAAs are a statutory September 2025 P1-20 rti Part 1: The Strategy policy tool which is an optional designation in the County's Comprehensive Development Master Plan. The Miami -Dade AAA program collaborates across Unincorporated and mu- nicipal jurisdictions to study concentrated flood, water quality, and other risks. The core of the AAA program is its community engagement process aimed at amplifying the voices of residents and organizing the many stakeholder groups and agencies who steward our urban environment while prioritizing capital projects and funding opportunities for imple- mentation. Coastal Management The Beach Restoration and Management Program is Miami -Dade County's mechanism for initiating and coordinating federal and/or State projects essential to the protection and recreational viability of Miami-Dade's ocean shoreline. Local participation in the determi- nation of activities pertaining to beach restoration and preservation is included in the pro- gram. The County has benefited from large federal and State funding contributions and the expertise obtained because of the program. Most notably, the Miami -Dade County Beach Restoration Project now provides hurricane and erosion control protection for up- land property and a vast recreational resource for public use. This project replaced a significantly eroded shoreline sustained only by bulkheads and seawalls, which offered little protective or recreational value. Implementation of erosion control projects is based on the following criteria: 1. Need for protection of public safety and property in areas threatened by coastal erosion. 2. To provide enhanced beach -related recreational opportunities for both visitors and Miami -Dade County residents. 3. To provide more effective and efficient long-term management of our natural and restored beach systems. The Biscayne Bay Restoration and Enhancement Program objectives are to maintain or improve ecological, recreational, and aesthetic values of Biscayne Bay, its shoreline, and coastal wetlands. Projects include shoreline stabilization, mangrove and wetland habitat restoration, and bay bottom community enhancement at parks and other public lands. These contribute to erosion control, water quality, fisheries, and wildlife resources. Future capital expenditures will be directed primarily towards maintaining and enhancing durability of restored beaches and to environmental improvement of the Biscayne Bay ecosystem. All these projects are developed and carried out based on the best scientific and technical information available to the agencies involved. September 2025 P1-21 0Ni rniam Co.ritr Part 1: The Strategy Municipalities Each of the municipal partners has integrated mitigation into their planning processes, policies, and structures in some capacity. Part 4 Appendix I is a review of each munici- palities' mitigation policies, ordinances, or plans that integrate Miami -Dade County's LMS. Additionally, each municipality has a designated point of contact which is updated annually utilizing LMS Working Group Contact Update Form. These individuals have the responsibility to coordinate mitigation activities with the relevant municipal agencies. The municipal partners either through their designated point of contact or agencies have the responsibility for integrating mitigation into their respective plans and procedures. Common examples of these plans and procedures are: • Municipal Flood Warning and Response Plans and Procedures • Municipal Comprehensive Development Master Plans • Protective Actions Plans and Procedures Municipal Agencies and their Mitigation Functions The municipalities of Miami -Dade County each have within their structure certain depart- ments and agencies which affect and promote mitigation. While these agencies may have slightly different names from city to city, the role they perform in the mitigation func- tion remains the same (e.g. public works or public services or community services, etc.). These departments and their functions as it relates to mitigation are listed below. Municipal Floodplain Manager: Some of the municipalities have a designated floodplain manager. They are responsible for coordinating and directing compli- ance with the Community Rating System (CRS) and maintaining their municipal- ity's flood warning and response plan. Municipal Police and Fire Rescue Departments: Each of the municipalities ex- cept Miami Lakes, Palmetto Bay and Cutler Bay maintains its own Police Depart- ment. The cities of Coral Gables, Hialeah, Key Biscayne, Miami, and Miami Beach maintain their own fire departments, with the rest of the cities using Miami -Dade County Fire Rescue for this service. Emergency responders are essential for alert and notification, lifesaving response, prevention, and protection activities that all contribute to lessening the impact of disasters. Municipal Code Officials/Departments: the building officials in each municipal- ity, except for some that depend on the county's services, are responsible for in- terpreting and enforcing all laws, codes, ordinances, regulations, and municipal policies related to the construction, improvement, expansion, or repair of buildings within the municipality. The County Department of Regulatory and Economic Re- sources (RER) ensures that all new construction complies with the Florida Building Code which is a major factor to hazard mitigation. The department usually is re- sponsible for the management of development in Special Hazard Areas; preser- vation of open space; general control of land use intensities; and coordination September 2025 P1-22 1144 F iami.La< Part 1: The Strategy between the capacity of public infrastructure in relation to proposals of private de- velopment. RER also ensures all proposed development in the municipality con- forms to the comprehensive plans as it relates to urban design of public areas and buildings, infrastructure planning and maintenance of flood data and other statisti- cal information. Municipal Planning and Development Department: This is often a part of the building department and at times, a part of public works. However, several of our municipalities maintain planning and development as a separate entity which in- teracts with the mitigation strategy in many ways and must be involved in the LMS especially in urban land use. Public Works Department: In most of our cities this department is responsible for construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, waterways, and storm water man- agement including drainage system development, inspection, and maintenance. All these functions relate in various ways to hazard mitigation. Public works activ- ities are a major component of any mitigation strategy. September 2025 P1-23 rniami.La�,. Part 1:The Strategy MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES6 Mitigation initiatives undertaken in Miami -Dade County should be consistent with the goals and objectives set forth in this plan and the individual municipalities' mitigation plans and policies, as well as public safety regulations and citizen welfare. Since the previous version of the plan, more data, changing priorities and innovative approaches to mitigation have been brought to the forefront of the mitigation efforts of the County and its partici- pating jurisdictions and partners. Therefore, changes to goals and objectives were made to address the following: • Recognition of all different sources of flooding • The importance of prioritizing vulnerable populations and awareness of potential negative cascading effects disproportionately impacting them • The importance of ensuring sustainability of proposed mitigation actions • Recognizing the benefits of nature -based solutions and its co -benefits when de- signing mitigation projects • Emphasizing the importance of regulation • Prioritizing projects that feature whole community collaboration • Addressing identified barriers to mitigation Goals 1. Reduce Miami -Dade County's vulnerability to natural and man-made hazards Objectives: 1.1. Incorporate new and more accurate data, studies and maps that demonstrate the evolution of risk in the county 1.2. Utilize a data driven process to measure efficacy of mitigation investments, methods, & techniques 1.3. Identify new and emerging mitigation methods and products for new and retro- fitting construction 1.4. Identify projects that mitigate expected impacts from hazards identified in the THIRA 1.5. Promote mitigation measures to the Whole Community through outreach and education 1.6. Harden building envelope protection — including all openings — and inclusion of a continuous load path from roof to foundation on all structures within the county 1.7. Reduce compound flood risk hazards driven by rainfall, tidal flooding, sea level rise or any combination thereof 1.8. Reduce storm surge hazards and effects by encouraging greater setbacks from shorelines for new developments of waterfront properties, encouraging 6 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.1.(3) September 2025 P1-24 1144 Part 1: The Strategy retrofitting and elevation of structures with high priority consideration for those built on waterfront properties, seeking opportunities to acquire, exchange or otherwise secure limited control of waterfront real estate 2. Minimize future losses from all hazard impacts by reducing the risk to people and property Objectives: 2.1. Adopt land use policies that limit, prohibit or mandate development and con- struction standards to promote resilience and reduce risk 2.2. Adopt building codes leading to building design criteria based on site -specific evolving and future risk 2.3. Identify mitigation projects that reduce risk to vulnerable populations that are at greater risk from hazards 2.4. Integrate mitigation into existing structures during regular maintenance and re- placement cycles 2.5. Consider potential unintended cascading effects of mitigation activities on vul- nerable communities 3. Implement mitigation projects that meet or exceed current codes Objectives: 3.1. Design and develop projects that address both current and future risk 3.2. Identify projects that address cascading hazards from climate change 3.3. Mitigation projects should be sustainable and evidence -based 3.4. Where possible, mitigation projects should utilize nature -based solutions and provide resilience co -benefits 3.5. Identify code amendment opportunities to increase the resilience of the built environment 4. Prevent flood related repetitive losses from natural disasters Objectives: 4.1. Map repetitive and severe repetitive loss (RL & SRL) areas 4.2. Identify and support projects that will mitigate flood risk in these RL and SRL areas and use social vulnerability data to prioritize 4.3. Track mitigation projects by flood basin to see past, current and future pro- jects and compare to flooding data 4.4. Provide RL and SRL education and provide training opportunities 4.5. Support regulations aimed at reducing RL and SRL September 2025 P1-25 rniami.La�,. Part 1: The Strategy 5. Promote and support the Community Rating System (CRS) for all communities in Miami -Dade Objectives: 5.1. Incorporate measures into the LMS to help obtain uniform credit for all CRS communities 5.2. Identify and track projects in the LMS to demonstrate the role of mitigation measures in reducing flood risk 5.3. Provide outreach and educational opportunities that are innovative and coordi- nated through all levels of government 5.4. Develop and implement a Program for Public Information (PPI) that includes vulnerable populations 6. Promote mitigation measures for critical facilities Objectives: 6.1. Continue to invite and work with critical facility stakeholders 6.2. Identify and track mitigation measures for existing critical facilities 6.3. Assess alternate facilities as identified in continuity of operations plans to deter- mine if the sites are appropriately mitigated 6.4. Identify additional sites for emergency sheltering 6.5. Integrate sea level rise modeling to project and characterize expected impacts during the expected service -life of critical facilities. Protect expressways, major highways and other thoroughfares and, bridges and causeways to provide for continuous, free flowing traffic and circulation as needed for the effective and unencumbered provision of emergency services and evacuation operations 7. Provide whole community planning Objectives: 7.1. Engage the whole community in mitigation efforts to maximize coordination and collaboration 7.2. Host mitigation workshops to educate stakeholders and community members 7.3. Initiate organizational, managerial and administrative goals to make mitigation a mainstream function of government affairs; spread the responsibilities throughout many departments and agencies to ensure continuity and a full in- tegration of mitigation management functions in the operations of government 7.4. Enhance public information and engagement to increase awareness of hazards and problems and to educate through a widespread program of general infor- mation, media coverage and participatory involvement 7.5. Identify mitigation projects that address gaps in planning, such as technical de- sign, engineering and long-term planning September 2025 P1-26 1144 F iami.Lac Co.nty Part 1: The Strategy 7.6. Provide support to mitigation partners in pursuing mitigation grant funding by keeping them informed about funding opportunities, connecting them to re- sources and providing guidance September 2025 P1-27 Part 1: The Strategy HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT' This section explains the natural, technological, or man-made hazards that have been selected for the LMS based on the potential risks outlined in the Threat and Hazard Iden- tification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) for Miami -Dade County. Each hazard has been described using the following categories: • Description: gives an overarching picture of the hazard. • Location: covers where the hazard is most likely to occur in the county; where possible, maps have been included to support the findings. • Extent: discusses the most damaging effects of the hazard in terms of death, bodily harm, and/or damages. This section also describes the rat- ing scale, if one is available (i.e., Saffir-Simpson scale, Enhanced Fujita scale, etc.). • Impact: describes the potential effects and consequences of the hazard on residents, identified assets and facilities, critical infrastructure, and en- vironment. • Previous Occurrence: lists and describes the historical record of this hazard in the county. The National Climatic Data Center was used to pop- ulate this section for many natural hazards. If there were no previous ex- amples of this hazard affecting the county, or the county was only mini- mally affected, other nearby geographical areas were considered. • Vulnerability: indicates which aspects of the physical environment and which social populations may be impacted by the hazard. In many cases, this section was a judgement call; many different types of populations will be affected by any emergency or disaster in the county. However, some may be more vulnerable than others and those populations have been identified in this section. This category is tied to the Vulnerability Index & Assessment section of the THIRA, which explains the full methodology for arriving at the given vulnerability levels for each hazard. • Frequency/Probability: provides information about the probability of fu- ture events for the identified hazards. The updated THIRA was under development during the time of the 5-year LMS update therefore most of the information contained in this section is based on the 2020 THIRA. EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.1 (1) September 2025 P1-28 Part 1: The Strategy 1 Rationale for Inclusion or Omission of Hazards in LMS 2 3 To determine which hazards would be included in the LMS, each hazard from the THIRA was analyzed using historical, 4 current, and projected data and further discussed with LMS partners throughout the PUC meetings. During discussions, 5 partners also considered projected population changes and land use development which due to its increase makes Miami- 6 Dade County and all its participating jurisdictions more vulnerable to all the hazards considered below. For a map showing 7 the areas of the county that have had more land use development in recent years, refer to Part 5 p.29. Table 2 below 8 contains this analysis along with information from the discussions which together provide rationale for the inclusion or omis- 9 sion of each hazard. To make these determinations, risk was interpreted as a relative measure of the probability that a 10 hazard event will occur in comparison to the consequences or impacts of that event. Although a hazard is marked as not 11 considered for the LMS, new information or occurrences might necessitate we change this in future revisions. 12 13 TABLE 2. ANALYSIS OF ALL HAZARDS FROM THIRA8 Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No Animal and Plant Disease X Historically, there have not been any occurrences• of major animal disease in Miami -Dade County. There have been three new plant disease out-• breaks in the last 20 years (15% probability in any one year) that have impacted the agricultural com- munities but have not had any impact on the phys- ical environment. In 2015, an outbreak of the Ori- ental Fruit Fly, one of the world's most serious ex- otic fruit flies that threatens agricultural commodi- ties, was detected in Miami -Dade County farm- lands. As a result, 97-square miles of farmland was quarantined in the Redland area and an erad- ication program was triggered. A state of For plant diseases pesticides, separa- tion/distancing, eradication of infected plants For animal diseases, vaccinations, vector control, mosquito control, eradication of breeding grounds (e.g. standing water), pub - lic health education • Drain and Cover campaign materials to ad- dress mosquito abatement https://www.mi- amidade.gov/global/solidwaste/mos- guito/drain-cover.page 8 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events Database: httrs://www.ncdc.noaa.dov/stormev- ents/ September 2025 P1-29 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No agricultural emergency was declared in the county by the Florida Commissioner of Agriculture, Adam H. Putman on September 15th, 2015. There were 11 rabies cases in Miami -Dade County in calendar year 2018. The cases were comprised of eight rac- coons, two cats and one otter. This represented about 10% of all cases statewide, which was a considerable increase from previous years. Since the implementation of Animal Services' Wildlife Rabies Vaccine Distribution, the number of rabies cases reported in Miami -Dade County have de- creased significantly, with only two cases in 2019 and one case thus far in 2020. Due to the low oc- currence and limited impact, this hazard will not be further evaluated for the LMS at this time. Dam /Dike / Levee Failure X Miami -Dade County only has one levee that could affect the population, referred to as the 8.5 square mile area. This area has a pump meant to protect it from any failures, but the full required protective measures have not been decided since the levee is relatively new. The U.S. Army Corps of engi- neers considers all water control structures to be dams but they have confirmed there is no need for emergency plans for any of those control struc- tures in Miami -Dade County after discussion with the County's Department of Regulatory and Eco- nomic Resources. There are several water con- servation areas that have a berm of about 4 feet around them that are dry most of the year. Histor- ically, there have been no occurrences of dam, dike or levee failures in Miami -Dade County. Mod- eling performed by Miami -Dade Department of • Maintenance of structures • Reduce/minimize construction close to structures, where possible • Fortify structures where risks are identified September 2025 P 1-30 Miami -Dade County Part 1- The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No Transportation and Public Works shows that there are no populated areas near these locations that could be negatively impacted if the levees were breached. Due to the low occurrence and limited impact, this hazard will not be further evaluated for the LMS at this time. Drought X Combined with rising sea level projections, droughts would become a more critical hazard for Miami -Dade County. All agencies involved with managing water supply: SFWMD, Public Works, and Water & Sewer, express concern with droughts and have emergency protocols in place for it. Irrigation becomes particularly complicated by the effects of a drought, even with ordinances already in place to regulate water usage. More specifically, saltwater intrusion would be the great- est risk if canals are too low due to a prolonged drought. Historically, there has been 62 drought events recorded between 1950 and 2024. There have been no reported dollar losses to either phys- ical structures or crops. Although, on July 15, 2015, USDA designated Miami -Dade County as a primary natural disaster area due to the persistent drought conditions between January and July. Ad- ditionally, according to NWS, in years when South Florida experiences a drier and warmer winter season due to La Nina, there's an increased likeli- hood of drought development, especially during the second half of the dry season from February through early May. Each of the previous eight La Nina winters • Water conservation • Public education and outreach • Regulatory fines • National Drought Mitigation Center http://drought.unl.edu/ September 2025 P1-31 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No have led to moderate to severe drought by spring over at least parts of South Florida. Droughts in South Florida also typically lead to an increased threat of wildfires peaking during the latter part of the dry season. This hazard is considered further for the LMS due to many partners having a stake in its effects and seeing the need to focus on effec- tive resource management systems, water con- servation, and drought preparation and planning. Earthquake X There have been no earthquakes in Miami -Dade County. South Florida does not have any docu- mented fault lines. The USGS shows there is a 0.279% chance of a major earthquake within 50 kilometers of Miami -Dade in the next 50 years. Therefore, this plan will not include a further eval- uation of this hazard at this time. • No Current Recommendations Epidemic / Pandemic X On March 11, 2020, the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) confirmed the first COVID-19 case in Miami -Dade County. A year into the pandemic, The Florida Department of Health had reported more than 6,000 COVID-related deaths in Miami- Dade County and positive cases were still at a rec- ord high of 501,639. Miami -Dade activated its EOC to a level 2 until May 2023 in response. In 2017, Miami -Dade had 113 confirmed cases of the Zika Virus. Out of the total cases, 1 was locally acquired and 112 were travel related. The Zika virus is a disease spread primarily through the bite • Public education and outreach • Vaccinations • Fortify pharmaceutical supplies • Surveillance, monitoring and reporting mechanisms • Quarantine/Isolation measures as needed . Ongoing training for first responders and healthcare providers on mitigating the spread of disease September 2025 P 1-32 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No of an infected Aedes species mosquito, the same type of mosquito that spreads other viruses like dengue and chikungunya. A coordinated effort be- tween Miami -Dade County Department of Solid Waste Management and the Florida Department of Health in Miami -Dade County is established to set out a strategic plan in response to the Zika Vi- rus. There is consensus among our LMS partners that although the frequency of a pandemic is low, the widespread and compounding effects of this hazard are worth considering further for the LMS. Erosion X Coastal Erosion is a continuous problem for the Miami -Dade County coastline. It is the county's natural barrier that can help protect us from the im- pacts of storm surge and sea level rise. The most severe erosion occurs in relation to hurricanes and tropical storm, from June to November. Our SFWMD partners express concern for erosion im- pacting older roads after a storm and making them impassable as well as affecting structures that are critical to water management. Therefore, they maintain heightened monitoring of this hazard. There are 20.8 miles of beaches in Miami -Dade County that are an important factor to our econ- omy and at risk for erosion. There are also 500 parcels that sit adjacent to the shoreline that could be at risk if erosion became severe. In 2017, Hur- ricane Irma caused some beach erosion through- out Miami -Dade County with the preliminary as- sessment estimating a loss of about 170,000 cubic yards of sand. Additionally, our partners have • Fortify beaches through re -nourishment • Fortify dunes with vegetation or structural components • Natural barriers and living shorelines such as mangroves and coral reefs • Limit construction close to coastal areas prone to erosion • Limit re -development after disasters in coastal areas prone to erosion . Implement/enforce building code to fortify structures in coastal areas September 2025 P 1-33 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No communicated the severity of cascading impacts from erosion. For example, unsecured construc- tion site erosion can aggravate drainage issues and flooding for our county during a storm or rain event. Therefore, this hazard is considered further for the LMS. Extreme Heat X In the summer of 2021, the National Weather Ser- vice stated that Miami observed 60 days of tem- peratures at or above 900F. Due to climate change, Miami -Dade County's minimum tempera- ture has been warming at a rate of +0.60F per dec- ade since 1985 according to NOAA data. Days with a high heat index in South Florida are also projected to increase with climate change. NOAA's National Weather Service Heat Index is a measure of how the human body feels when air temperature is combined with relative humidity. If greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, Miami -Dade is projected to have 14 "off the chart" heat index days by late century (2070-2099). "Off the chart" being over 135°F. In 2023, Miami -Dade County also received the first ever heat warning in recorded history and had 42 days that reached a heat index of 105°F or more. As a result, the peaks in heat -related emergency department visits were 100% higher than the peaks in the 5 years prior. In 2024, Miami -Dade County had 60 days at or above a heat index of 105°F and continued dou- bling in emergency department visits related to • Public Education, Outreach and emergency notification • Identification, designation and opening of cooling centers for vulnerable populations, as needed. • Energy redundancy for cooling sites. • Implementation of energy redundancy in structures housing vulnerable populations. . Promotion of available resources and financ- ing for multi and single family property own - ers to have adequate cooling and energy ef- ficiency. • Implementation of projects that reduce of the urban heat effect September 2025 P 1-34 Miami -Dade County Part 1- The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No heat.9 Due to the rising concerns associated with extreme heat, especially from health and medical partners, this hazard is considered further for the LMS. Flooding X Much of Miami -Dade County is susceptible to lo- calized flooding, particularly during the rainy sea- son that runs from mid -May through mid -October. The mean elevation of Miami -Dade County is rel- atively flat at 11 feet. The County's flat terrain causes extensive "ponding" due to the lack of ele- vation gradients to facilitate "run-off". Of Miami- Dade's 1,250,287 acres, 44.62% of that is within• the flood plain (557,871 acres). There have been 101 recorded flood events and 61 flash flood• events in Miami -Dade County between 1950 and 2024. Localized flooding and "ponding" occur fre- quently during the rainy season. Property dam-• ages of over $542M and crop damages of over $714M have been recorded from flooding for inci- dents between 1950 and 2024. LMS partners are also interested in mitigation for compound flooding and groundwater flooding caused by higher tides and sea level rise. There's a heightened aware- ness within our county of repetitive Toss properties and aging infrastructure that continues to be se- verely affected by these types of flooding. Due to its high frequency and the need for more • Public education and outreach on FEMA Flood Zones, storm surge planning zones and general flood risks. • Education on Flood Insurance • Participation in NFIP and CRS Dra• inage projects, green stormwater infra - structure, wet floodproofing, and home ele- vation to address RL and SRL areas Reinforcing water management structures vital to hospitals Freeboard requirements for elevation of structures above BFE Monitoring and coordination for mainte- nance and mitigation projects along canal areas Monitoring and maintenance of storm drains • Updating of infrastructure to restore flood protection level of service. • Swale, right of way, and open space protec- tion and enhancement • Participation in the development of FEMA FIRM maps to help identify at risk areas and areas that have been mitigated 9 Rapidly Developing a Community and Evidence -Based Heat Action Plan: https://pisweb.miamidade.pov/apolpdf/RapidlyDevelopinuCommu- nity EvidenceBasedHeatActionPlan.pdf September 2025 P 1-35 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No innovative solutions, this hazard is considered fur- ther for the LMS. Hail X According to NOAA data, the annual average of hail activity in Miami -Dade County has shown some fluctuation. Between 2000 and 2014, there was an annual average of 9 hail activities in Miami Dade County. Since then, the average number of hail events has decreased. Between 2020 and 2024, there was an average of 5.75 events per year. To date, there has been zero death, injuries, and approximately no property damage associ- ated with hail occurring in Miami -Dade County. Due to the low impacts of this hazard, it will not be considered further for the LMS at this time. • Alert and notification of public to seek safety inside • No other current recommendations Hurricane / Tropical Storm X In the past 100 years, there have been approxi- mately 340 hurricanes that have impacted the coast of Florida. Of these hurricanes, 70 have im- pacted Miami -Dade County. Miami -Dade County has a 1 out of 6 chance of being hit by a hurricane, the highest likelihood in the state. 2017 was the last year that Miami -Dade was impacted by a ma- jor Hurricane (Hurricane Irma). Since then, Miami- Dade has received FEMA disaster declarations for hurricanes Dorian, Isaias, Nicole, Ian, and Milton. Due to the high impacts, this hazard is further con- sidered for the LMS. • Public education and outreach to match growing population, prioritizing new resi- dents, new homeowners, and visitors • Designation of storm surge risk areas • Supportive services (evacuation and shelter - ing) for at risk populations • Nature based solutions and green infrastruc- ture projects based on engineering studies • Structural hardening • See also recommendations under winds and floods Landslides X Due to Miami-Dade's low average elevation, land - slides are not likely to occur. There have been no• reported landslides in Miami -Dade. Due to the low No current recommendations September 2025 P 1-36 Miami -Dade County Part 1- The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No probability and low risk this hazard is not further considered for the LMS. Lightning X There were 72 reported lightning events in Miami - Dade County between 1950 and 2024 (almost 100% chance of a lighting event occurring every year). Though the probability is high, the recorded• impacts of these events is low with the highest sin- gle impact being about $80K for an incident in Hi- aleah Gardens when a lightning struck an apart- ment building. The lightning strike caused a fire• and four apartments suffered significant damage leaving a total of 20 residents displaced. However, due to the low impact of this hazard it will not be considered further for the LMS at this time. Surge protection for electrical, computer and phone systems • Lightning protection/suppression systems Lightning detection and warning devices Public education and outreach Saltwater Intrusion X Saltwater intrusion is a continuous problem that has been occurring ever since the Everglades were drained to provide dry land for urban devel- opment and agriculture. Long periods of drought and storm surge inundation are hazards that have been attributed to increases in saltwater intrusion. It poses a threat to the drinking water supply and requires close coordination of local agencies to continuously monitor intrusion, determine appro- priate pumping rates and the coordination with South Florida Water Management District for maintenance of ground water levels. SFWMD, RER, and Public Works already place a lot of effort in mitigating this hazard and have communicated the need to continue doing so. This hazard is in- cluded in the LMS for further consideration. • Continue practices of monitoring levels, gauging pumping levels and determining fu- ture impacts and need for deeper wells September 2025 P 1-37 Miami -Dade County Part 1- The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No Sea Level Rise X Sea level rise is causing major stress on the entire water management system that we depend on even far inland in our county. Sea level rise also worsens coastal flooding during astronomical high tides and storm surge events. LMS partners from SFWMD, RER, and Public Works have communi- cated that sea level rise gravely affects the ability of the canals to drain standing water after rainfall events as well as reducing their water storage ca- pacity.. Gravity based outfalls that lie below sea level have already seen impacts when saltwater flows up through the outfall system into the streets of several communities. The Unified Sea Level Rise Projection for South- east Florida highlights three planning horizons. The first is the short-term projection, that by 2040, sea level is projected to rise 10 to 17 inches above 2000 mean sea level. The second is by 2070, sea level is projected to rise 21 to 54 inches above 2000 mean sea level. The third is that by 2120, sea level is projected to rise 40 to 136 inches above 2000 mean sea leve1.10 • Designation of Adaptation Action Areas • Additional modeling/mapping to determine areas at risk . Build with sea level rise considerations to in - crease future resiliency as determined by the useful lifespan of a project • Minimize development in future risk areas Severe Storm X A storm is considered severe if it produces a tor- nado, winds of 50 knots (58 mph) or greater, and/or hail of an inch in diameter or greater. Using heavy rains and thunderstorm wind as indicators, • Practices to mitigate against hurricanes are also applicable to severe storms. • Also see recommendations under floods 10 2019 Unified Sea Level Rise Projection for Southeast Florida: https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/initiative/regionally-unified-sea-level- rise-projection/ September 2025 P 1-38 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No there have been 397 severe storm related events reported in the NOAA data base for Miami -Dade County between 1950 and 2024. Many of our mu- nicipalities have been severely affected by local- ized no name storms and they express necessity to mitigate against this hazard. RER and SFWMD also confirm that these storms often cause more flooding in their water management structures than hurricanes. Due to the high probability and in- tensity, this hazard is further considered in the LMS. • Review Model Storm analyses and identify mitigation initiatives for the hardest impacted areas • Track heavy rain and subsequent flooding to identify areas for potential mitigation measures Sinkholes X There is no official record of all sinkholes in Miami - Dade. The Florida Geological Survey maintains a database of all "subsidence incidents," however this only includes events that have been officially reported and includes many events that are not sinkholes. Between 1948 and 2019, only one sub- sidence incident was reported in Miami -Dade to the Florida Geological Survey. In 1972, a sinkhole measuring three feet by three feet, was recorded in Miami -Dade County by the Florida Geological Survey." Most of the instances reported are small in extent and have not significantly impacted the built environment. Within the State of Florida for insurance claims, Miami -Dade County repre- sented 2% of the total claims in 2010. Additional instances of sinkholes claims have been reported through insurance claim reporting data but the Assessment, hardening and replacement of aging infrastructure. 11 Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Geological Survey Division Subsidence Incident Reports Map: https://ca.dep.state.fl.us/mapdirect/?focus=fdssinkholes September 2025 P 1-39 Miami -Dade County Part 1- The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No magnitude of each respective claim was not made available. Due to the low impact of this hazard it is not considered further for the LMS at this time. Space X There have been no space weather events spe- cific to Miami -Dade County that have caused inter- ference with technological components of commu- nication or electrical systems. Due to the low prob- ability of this hazard it is not considered further for the LMS at this time. • Identifying redundant or alternate systems in case of outages. • Hardening of Cl/KR Tornado X There have been 147 occurrences of tornadoes in• Miami -Dade County between 1950 and 2024. Recorded damages from tornadoes for property exceeds $202M. Due to the high probability and high impact, this hazard is included in the LMS for further consideration. • Hardening of structures. Identification of safe rooms and structures. Follow FEMA Safe Room guidance: https://www.fema.gov/emergency-manag- ers/risk-management/buildinq-science/safe- rooms/resources • Increased public awareness • Signing up for existing alert and notification systems. Tsunami X There have been no tsunamis occurring in Miami - Dade County. The risk of a tsunami striking Flor- ida is considered to be relatively low by the Na- tional Oceanographic and Atmospheric Admin- istration. Due to the low probability of this hazard it will not be considered further at this time. • Education for risk can be also tied to coastal communities currently at risk for Storm Surge. Volcano (Ash/Dust) X There are no volcanoes in Miami -Dade County• and no recorded impacts to the physical environ- ment from volcanoes. Due to our distance to any volcanoes, there is no projected impact. The big- gest concern in relation to an active volcano Implementation of Sheltering in Place as identified in the Miami -Dade All Hazards Protective Measures Plan. September 2025 P 1-40 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No outside of our area would be volcanic ash that may be carried by trade winds that could limit aviation operations or possible compromise the air quality. There are no expected impacts to physical infra- structure. Due to the low probability and low im- pacts, this hazard will not be considered further for the LMS at this time. Wildfires X There have been 16 wildfires recorded between 1950 and 2024 in Miami -Dade County (21% chance of a wildfire occurring every year). Rec- orded property damages for wildfires is about• $255K. Though historically there has not been a high impact on property, it is estimated that about 613,453 people, or 25% of our area population, live within the Wildland Urban Interface and could be at risk. This hazard is included for further con- sideration in the LMS. • Prescribed burning programs. • Cutting brush or other fuel away from struc- tures. Follow National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Firewise Communities Program https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-re- search/wildfire/firewise-usa Roles in Fire -Adapted Communities http://www.usfa.fema.qov/down- loads/pdf/publications/fire adapted com- munities. •df Windstorms X There were 11 high wind and 6 strong wind events on record from 1950 to 2024 (22% chance of an event occurring every year). Recorded property• damages total about $48K. Mitigation strategies that address tropical storms and hurricanes would also help protect the built environment from high• wind events. Due to the low impact of these events, this hazard will not be considered further for the LMS at this time. Building opening and glazing protection. • Hardening of roof structures. Securing roof top equipment. Winter Storm X There have been 27 occurrences of winter storm related events (cold/wind chill, extreme cold, frost/freeze) between 1950 and 2024 (36% • Identification, designation, construction of cold weather shelters for homeless and other vulnerable populations and opening of the same during cold weather events. September 2025 P1-41 14 Part 1: The Strategy Hazard Further Consideration for LMS Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Mitigation Measures Natural Yes No chance of an event occurring every year in Miami- Dade County). Though there have not been any recorded property damages, there has been over $300M in crop damages during these events. Dur- ing these events, a demand for electricity will in- crease and many homes in South Florida do not have efficient heating systems, unlike their air con- ditioning systems, and therefore the demand on electricity can be much higher. This hazard is in- cluded in the LMS for further consideration. • Public education and outreach • Agriculture Extension works with local grow - ers for educational material for mitigation of crop losses. https://sfvl.ifas.ufl.edu/miami- dade/ September 2025 P 1-42 APIA Mianli C Part 1; The Strategy 15 The following non -natural hazards are included in the THIRA and we have included suggested mitigation measures, but they are not 16 currently further considered in the LMS. • Technological Mitigation Measures Coastal Oil Spill • • Vessel inspections Compliance with safety regulations • Emergency Generators • Alternate energy sources Electric Utility Failure • Hardened utility lines and structures • Emergency Evacuation and Assistance Program run by the DEM to assist vulner- able populations • Public Outreach and Education • Regular onsite inspections of hazardous materials facilities • Hardening of facilities with hazardous materials Hazardous Materials Release • Emergency shut off valves • Public Outreach and Education • Implementation of All Hazards Protective Measures Plan • Hardened facilities Nuclear Power Plant Release • • Public Education, Outreach and Alert and Notification process Protective Actions to shut down facility • Turkey Point Response Plan and annual exercises • Fire suppression safety systems Structural Fire • Alert and notification systems • Regular Fire Drills and Inspections Transportation Incident (i.e. • Inspection and maintenance of transportation corridors Highway and/or Rail Incident) • Building infrastructure to future risk and capacity needs • Inspection and maintenance of trains, planes, automobiles and vessels Water/Wastewater Incident • • Inspection and maintenance of infrastructure Building infrastructure to future risk and capacity needs Human Caused Hazards Active Shooter • • See Something, Say Something campaign Security screening procedures • Intel gathering and sharing Civil Disturbance/ Civil Unrest • Community gathering points to allow for peaceful demonstrations • Public Outreach and Education September 2025 P1-43 17 18 Mianli C Part 1: The Strategy • Increased law enforcement presence as a deterrence • Shielding Electromagnetic Pulse • Backup systems for communications and power • Surge protection Food Borne Illness Incident • • Follow Public Health guidelines Reporting systems Mass Migration • Intel gathering and sharing • Surveillance and reporting Terrorism — Biological (Category• Follow Public Health guidance A, B and C Agents) • Personal Protective Equipment • All Hazards Protective Measures Plan — implementation of Isolation/Quarantine • Public Education and Outreach • Intel gathering and sharing Terrorism — Chemical • See Something, Say Something campaign • Surveillance/monitoring of Cl/KR sites • Intel gathering and sharing • Security procedures and passwords Terrorism — Cyber • • Firewalls Tamper proof infrastructure • Surveillance/monitoring of Cl/KR sites • Miami -Dade created a Cyber Security Plan (April 2017) Terrorism —Explosive • Protective barriers (bollards, cement barriers, bullet proof glass, metal/chemical detection) • Surveillance/monitoring of Cl/KR sites Terrorism — Radiological • Intel gathering and sharing • See Something, Say Something campaign • Intel gathering and sharing Terrorism — Small Arms • • See Something, Say Something campaign Surveillance/monitoring of Cl/KR sites • Security screening procedures September 2025 P 1-44 Nam I -Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Impacts of Future Changes in Population and Land Use Based on the estimations from the Bureau of Economic and Business Research (BEBR) below12, Miami -Dade County's population has increased since 2020 which gives valid reason for concluding it will continue along this trend, with variations in municipalities across the county. Additionally, the BEBR's projections report for 2025-2050 give Mi- ami -Dade County a medium population projection of 2.9 million and a high projection of 3.2 million for 2030.13 According to the data below, 20 of Miami-Dade's 34 municipali- ties, including unincorporated Dade, are increasing in population which will naturally lead to more land use development. Therefore, with more people we can expect addi- tional strain on our infrastructure, water management systems, utilities, and resources, making the county and all it's interdependent municipalities increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of hazards. Municipality Census Count 2020 Population Change 2020-2024 Population Estimate 2024 Aventura 40,242 -138 40,104 Bal Harbour 3,093 -83 3,010 Bay Harbor Islands 5,922 -129 5,793 Biscayne Park 3,117 -87 3,030 Coral Gables 49,248 1,565 50,813 Cutler Bay 45,425 -399 45,026 Doral 75,874 6,301 82,175 El Portal 1,986 250 2,236 Florida City 13,085 4,088 17,173 Golden Beach 961 20 981 Hialeah 223,109 7,466 230,575 Hialeah Gardens 23,068 -765 22,303 Homestead 80,737 3,277 84,014 Indian Creek 84 5 89 Key Biscayne 14,809 -206 14,603 Medley 1,056 -6 1,050 Miami 442,241 24,930 467,171 Miami Beach 82,890 340 83,230 Miami Gardens 111,640 3,724 115,364 Miami Lakes 30,467 389 30,856 Miami Shores 11,567 -14 11,553 Miami Springs 13,859 7 13,866 12 Florida Estimates of Population 2024: BEBR https://edr.state.fl.us/content/population-de- mographics/data/Estimates2024.pdf 13 Projections of Florida Population by County, 2025-2030: BEBR https://bebrufl.edu/wp-content/up- loads/2024/01/projections 2024. pdf September 2025 P1-45 if% iam i-Dade county Part 1: The Strategy North Bay Village 8,159 -182 7,977 North Miami 60,191 -236 59,955 North Miami Beach 43,676 -101 43,575 Opa-Locka 16,463 97 16,560 Palmetto Bay 24,439 652 25,091 Pinecrest 18,388 -84 18,304 South Miami 12,026 -8 12,018 Sunny Isles Beach 22,342 446 22,788 Surfside 5,689 -288 5,401 Sweetwater 19,363 2,030 21,393 Virginia Gardens 2,364 10 2,374 West Miami 7,233 24 7,257 Unincorporated 1,186,954 20,179 1,207,133 Totals Miami -Dade County 2,701,767 73,074 2,774,841 Land use development trends over the past five years provide significant insight into fu- ture land use plans in Miami -Dade County. In the past five years, Miami -Dade County and its participating jurisdictions have experienced development driven by population growth, housing demand, and economic expansion. The Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP)14, updated every seven years, guides development with an em- phasis on sustainable growth within the determined Urban Development Boundary (UDB). The CDMP establishes a growth policy for the remaining acres of land in Miami Dade County which optimizes efficiency in public service delivery, conservation of valu- able natural resources, and planning for urban centers well connected by transportation facilities, among other priorities. As a result, in recent years high -density urban centers near transit hubs have been more common development projects. Recent initiatives have also included the transfor- mation of underutilized areas into mixed -use developments, such as the SoLe Mia pro- ject in North Miami, Grove Central in the city of Miami, and The Underline, which when completed will run through different jurisdictions. Additionally, neighborhoods in Hialeah and Little River continue to see expansion projects centered around affordable housing. The population trends discussed above along with land use development trends guided by the Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP) and recent projects, influ- ence vulnerability to hazards in different degrees as follows. 14 Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP): https://www.miamidade.gov/planning/cdmp.asp September 2025 P1-46 Miami -Dade Counts. 1. Drought Part 1: The Strategy • Impact of Trends: High -density urban development increases impervious sur- faces reducing groundwater recharge and straining water resources during droughts. The CDMP's focus on urban infill limits sprawl but concentrates water demand in urban areas, where landscaping for new developments requires irriga- tion, exacerbating water scarcity. This is further complicated in areas of the county that have a substantial agricultural sector and are also experiencing popu- lation growth and development like Homestead and Florida City. • Vulnerability: Moderate increase. Miami-Dade's reliance on the Biscayne Aqui- fer, already stressed by population growth, faces heightened pressure from ur- ban water demands during droughts. 2. Erosion • Impact of Trends: Development along the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, as developers target higher ground to avoid flooding (e.g., in Little Haiti), disrupts natural soil stability. Construction activities for large-scale projects can loosen soil, while in- creased stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces accelerates coastal and riverbank erosion. • Vulnerability: Moderate increase. Erosion risks are localized to construction sites, river and canal banks, and coastal areas, but the CDMP's guidelines help reduce widespread land disturbance. 3. Flooding • Impact of Trends: High -density development within the UDB increases impervi- ous surfaces, reducing natural drainage and exacerbating urban flooding. While the CDMP promotes transit -oriented development to reduce sprawl, low-lying ar- eas remain vulnerable. • Vulnerability: High increase. Miami-Dade's flat topography and frequent heavy rains make flooding a significant risk, worsened by aging infrastructure and lim- ited green infrastructure. 4. Hurricanes • Impact of Trends: Many development projects concentrate populations and in- frastructure in hurricane -prone areas. While the county's strict building codes (post -Hurricane Andrew) ensure structural resilience, the CDMP's focus on urban centers increases exposure of critical assets. • Vulnerability: High increase. Hurricanes threaten life and property, and urban concentration amplifies potential economic and social impacts, However, code - compliant modern designs mitigate many risks. 5. Saltwater Intrusion • Impact of Trends: Groundwater withdrawals for developments stress the Bis- cayne Aquifer, accelerating saltwater intrusion into freshwater supplies. Develop- ment on higher ground (Atlantic Coastal Ridge) reduces direct coastal exposure September 2025 P1-47 Part 1: The Strategy but does not address aquifer overuse, a key driver of intrusion. With the saltfront advancing from the east, development along this portion of the county also has more significant risks. On the other hand, the preservation of the Everglades on the west side of the county prevents a significant amount of saltwater intrusion despite sea level rise. • Vulnerability: Moderate to high increase. Miami-Dade's reliance on the aquifer, combined with rising sea levels, heightens intrusion risks, especially in the south portion of the County where the Biscayne Aquifer is shallower than in the north. 6. Sea Level Rise • Impact of Trends: The CDMP's focus on development within the UDB, including low-lying areas, increases exposure to sea level rise. Projects built near the coast face long-term inundation risks. Developers' shift to higher ground miti- gates some impacts but displaces vulnerable communities, creating social vul- nerabilities. • Vulnerability: High increase. Miami-Dade's low elevation (average 6 feet above sea level) and coastal urban concentration make sea level rise a critical threat. 7. Severe Storms • Impact of Trends: Development projects like hotels and residential units add concentrated infrastructure at risk of wind and rain damage. With less rural buff- ers, storm impacts are focused on populated areas. Open green spaces incorpo- rated into development plans mitigate some runoff, but surrounding structures are still vulnerable considering population increases. • Vulnerability: High increase. Severe storms threaten urban infrastructure and populations, amplified by dense development patterns. 8. Tornadoes • Impact of Trends: Tornadoes are rare in Miami -Dade, but high -density develop- ment increases potential damage due to higher exposure of people and property. However, all new development has to meet Florida and Miami -Dade County building which has the strictest requirements for wind mitigation in the nation and therefore decreases some of the vulnerability to damage from tornados. • Vulnerability: Low to moderate increase. Tornadoes are less frequent and urban density heightens potential impacts on concentrated populations but strict build- ing codes help to mitigate this. 9. Wildfire • Impact of Trends: Miami-Dade's urban focus within the UDB reduces wildfire risk by limiting development in rural, vegetated areas like the Everglades. • Vulnerability: Low increase. Wildfire risk remains low due to the county's urban- ized landscape and wet climate, with development trends having minimal impact. September 2025 P1-48 Mlam i-Dade Canty Part 1: The Strategy 10. Cold Wave • Impact of Trends: Cold waves are rare in Miami -Dade, and development trends have little direct impact. High -density housing may improve access to heated shelters and off -set effects of cold weather on the population. • Vulnerability: Negligible increase. Cold waves pose minimal risk, and develop- ment trends do not significantly alter exposure. 11 Extreme Heat • Impact of Trends: Urban development with extensive impervious surfaces exac- erbates the urban heat island effect, increasing temperatures in urban cores. Green spaces provide some cooling, but their impact is limited compared to widespread concrete and asphalt. Vulnerable populations in dense housing face higher heat stress without adequate cooling infrastructure. • Vulnerability: High increase. Extreme heat is a growing concern, worsened by urban intensification and limited green infrastructure in new developments. 12. Pandemic • Impact of Trends: Transit -oriented developments increase population density and public transit use, potentially facilitating disease spread during pandemics. The trend of mixed -use projects with retail creates high -traffic areas, also raising disease transmission risks. • Vulnerability: High increase. Dense urban environments heighten impacts of a pandemic. Since the previous LMS plan was approved, several of Miami -Dade County's jurisdic- tions have had substantial increases in their development. The chart below shows the number of buildings constructed between 2020 and 2025 in each jurisdiction. According to this data, those with the highest numbers are City of Miami, Homestead, Florida City, Hialeah, Coral Gables, Doral, and Hialeah Gardens. Due to low elevation, FEMA flood zone designations, and stakeholder input regarding population demographics and infra- structure limitations, all these developments are in hazard -prone areas. Additionally, some jurisdictions would naturally have less development due to relative land mass but are nonetheless increasingly vulnerable to hazards due to other factors accounted for in the risk levels on Table 15 (p.1-52). All our coastal jurisdictions on the barrier islands (Miami Beach, Surfside, Bal Harbour, Bay Harbor Islands, Sunny Isles Beach, Golden Beach, North Bay Village, and Key Biscayne) that are undergoing development of high- rises and large apartment complexes also have significant increase in vulnerability to hazards due to limited evacuation routes. Jurisdiction Number of Buildings Constructed (2020-2025) Aventura 183 Bal Harbour 22 Bay Harbor Islands 127 September 2025 P1-49 if% M lam i-Dade Comely Biscayne Park 7 Coral Gables 1,643 Cutler Bay 448 Doral 1,601 El Portal 8 Florida City 3,284 Golden Beach 27 Hialeah 2,662 Hialeah Gardens 1,101 Homestead 4,083 Indian Creek Village 9 Key Biscayne 57 Medley 591 Miami 5,445 Miami Beach 807 Miami Gardens 923 Miami Lakes 104 Miami Shores 71 Miami Springs 60 North Bay Village 8 North Miami 308 North Miami Beach 253 Opa-Locka 901 Palmetto Bay 77 Pinecrest 342 South Miami 205 Sunny Isles Beach 728 Surfside 139 Sweetwater 213 Virginia Gardens 0 West Miami 24 Unincorporated Miami- Dade 7,734 Data from Office of the Property Appraiser- Miami -Dade County Part 1: The Strategy September 2025 P1-50 Mlam i-Dade County Natural Hazards by Jurisdiction Part 1: The Strategy The following chart depicts the level of overall risk, by jurisdiction, for the twelve natural hazards considered in the LMS. The measure of risk, 0-5, was determined based on a combination of factors including the National Risk Index as a default indicator, discus- sions with local mitigation professionals, feedback from municipal partners, and known historical impacts of hazards on population and built environment. The following hazards were rated using the additional data sources described below: • Extreme Heat: Data from Miami Dade County's Heat Vulnerability As- sessment study.15 The heat vulnerability index in this study was created by regression statistics that showed which exposure and sensitivity varia- bles had the strongest relationship with average annual heat related ill- ness hospitalization and emergency department rates from 2015 to 2019.16 • Sea Level Rise: GIS data gathered from the County's Office of Resilience and NOAA's Sea Level Rise mapping tool. Municipalities already affected by King Tide flooding coupled with a 1 ft sea level rise projection, were rated at very high risk. Municipalities affected by 2-4 ft of sea level rise were given a 3-4 risk level depending on additional feedback provided by municipal partners. Municipalities that were not significantly affected until the 5-6 ft sea level rise mark were rated low risk unless partners ex- pressed particular concerns regarding their vulnerabilities to this hazard. • Saltwater Intrusion: Ongoing USGS studies, which produced an updated map of Miami -Dade County depicting the approximate inland extent of saltwater at the base of the Biscayne aquifer. This map can be found in the section for saltwater intrusion. • Epidemic/Pandemic: The CDC's social vulnerability index shows that Mi- ami -Dade County has a very high susceptibility to the adverse impacts of disease outbreaks when compared to the rest of the U.S.17 The social vul- nerability index is a measure of the demographic and socioeconomic fac- tors such as poverty, lack of access to transportation, and crowded 15 Heat Vulnerability Assessment: Understanding Heat Exposure in Miami -Dade County 16 Miami -Dade Extreme Heart Vulnerability Mapping Report: Vulnerability Mapping Deliverable Final.pdf 17 CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Social Vulnerability Index I Place and Health - Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program (GRASP) I ATSDR September 2025 P1-51 Miami -Dade CcNa�ty Part 1: The Strategy housing, that adversely affect communities that encounter all kinds of haz- ards. Additionally, data from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences indicates that Miami -Dade County's COVID-19 Pandemic Vul- nerability Index (PVI) remains in the top 20% nationally as of March 2023.18 TABLE 15. LEVEL OF RISK TO NATURAL HAZARDS BY JURISDICTION SCALE 0 Negligible or No Risk 1 Very Low Risk 2 Low Risk 3 Moderate Risk 4 High Risk 5 Very High Risk Jurisdiction Drought Erosion c fs O y_ Hurricane/ Tropical Storm Saltwater Intrusion Sea Level Rise Severe Storm Tornado 0 L 'a Cold Wave Extreme Heat Epidemic/ Pandemic Aventura 3 0 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 Bal Harbour 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 Bay Harbor 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 Biscayne Park 3 0 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 Coral Gables 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 1 4 4 5 Cutler Bay 2 2 4 5 5 5 3 2 1 4 3 5 Doral 3 3 5 5 4 3 5 4 1 4 5 5 El Portal 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 4 5 5 Florida City 4 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 Golden Beach 3 0 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 Hialeah 3 0 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 4 3 5 Hialeah Gardens 3 0 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 Homestead 3 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 1 4 5 5 Key Biscayne 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 Medley 3 0 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 Miami 3 0 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 4 5 5 Miami Beach 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 18COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: COVID- 19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index Quick Start Guide September 2025 P1-52 PAiaml-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Jurisdiction Drought Erosion a) fs O y_ Hurricane/ Tropical Storm Saltwater Intrusion Sea Level Rise Severe Storm Tornado 0 L 'a Cold Wave Extreme Heat Epidemic/ Pandemic Miami Gardens 3 0 5 5 2 3 5 4 4 4 4 5 Miami Lakes 3 0 5 5 2 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 Miami Shores 3 0 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 3 5 Miami Springs 3 0 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 North Bay Village 3 0 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 North Miami 3 0 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 North Miami Beach 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 Opa-Iocka 2 0 5 5 2 3 5 4 0 4 4 5 Palmetto Bay 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 4 2 4 3 5 Pinecrest 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 South Miami 3 3 5 5 5 3 5 4 4 4 2 5 Sunny Isles 2 5 4 5 5 5 4 1 0 4 3 5 Surfside 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 Sweetwater 3 0 5 5 2 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 Virginia Gardens 3 0 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 West Miami 1 0 5 5 3 2 5 3 0 4 3 5 Unincorporated 3 3 5 5 3 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 September 2025 P1-53 n,1-oeae County Drought Description Part 1: The Strategy A drought is characterized as an extended period with persistent dry weather conditions in a geographic area that typically has rain fall. A drought can however be defined in several different ways depending on the geographical region and situation: • Meteorological drought: When the normal level of precipitation has a significant measurable drop. • Agricultural drought: When the level of soil moisture drops below the suitable range for agricultural growth. • Hydrological drought: When the surface water and underground water supply falls below normal. • Socioeconomic drought: When water shortages seriously interfere with human ac- tivity. The Palmer Index, developed by Wayne Palmer in the 1960s, uses temperature and rain- fall information to formulate dryness. It has become the semi-official drought index. The index is effective in determining long-term drought conditions of several months. The in- dex sets normal conditions at 0 with drought conditions in negative values. The index can also be reversed showing the excess of precipitation where the normal conditions at 0 and positive values for amount of rainfall. The advantage of the Palmer Index is that it is standardized to local climate, so it can be applied to any part of the country to demon- strate relative drought or rainfall conditions. Alert D0 Abnormally Dry D1 Moderate Drought D2 Severe Drought D3 Extreme Drought •DD4 Exceptional ,Drought Source: U.S. Drought Monitor Classification Scheme, from the United States Drought Monitor TABLE 3. NATIONAL INTEGRATED DROUGHT INFORMATION SYSTEM ALERTS FOR DROUGHTS Going into drought: short-term dryness slowing planting, growth of crops or pastures. Coming out of drought: some lingering water defi- cits; pastures or crops not fully recovered. Some damage to crops, pastures, streams, reservoirs, or wells low, some water shortages developing or imminent, and voluntary water - use restrictions requested. Crop or pasture losses are likely, water shortages common and water restrictions imposed. Major crop and pasture losses with widespread water shortages or restrictions. Exceptional and widespread crop and pasture loss, shortages of wa- ter in reservoirs, streams, and wells creating water emergencies. f Palmer Drought Index - 1.0to-1.9 - 2.0 to -2.9 -3.0 to -3.9 - 4.0 to -4.9 - 5.0 or less September 2025 P1-54 Miami -Dade Daunts. Location Part 1: The Strategy The entire County and all its participating jurisdictions are moderately vulnerable to drought conditions according to historical data and maps from the U.S. drought monitor. An extreme or exceptional drought could affect any part of the county, as shown by the June 2011 map below. However, the jurisdictions that have a strong agricultural sector would be most affected by these extreme drought events. These jurisdictions include Homestead, Florida City, and unincorporated areas of southwest Miami -Dade County around the Redlands Agricultural District. These areas are especially susceptible to the environmental and economic conditions resulting from a drought. To view the specific areas designated as agricultural zones, please reference Miami -Dade County's Land Use Plan Map.19 U.S, Drought Monitor Miami - South Florida WFO June 14, 2011 (Released Thursday, Jun 16. 2011) Valid 8 a,D1. EDT Current flrn:hijht CAndrhong fPercenr Argyl Nene OOD Lel ti4 10000 OVIN warn SSW 8094 M. Ok Lan[ Week O00 100.00 Sin 05 3 Meath K ADO 0.e0 'oo.00 08 00 start d I Calendar Year cr-as.:cr, oro WO 00 Al It 4280 0 00 000 Start 01 %M1e ter Year IMOD 0.00 000 OQO OOO oat YearAgo ,xrlow 100 00. nm 000 am um 0OO 1r1$ens1[y- I.-1 None D2 Severe Drought pa Apaermdlly Dry =I In Ulf erna Drought D1ModerateDry ughl -p0.FaceeptiondDrpuyhl The Drought Norrrfor !acmes or, hoed -scare CMCRO s. LOCaI COridlD101•19 They vary Far Tara ilirormtibn OPYie- DrDught Mwrddr. go fo httos.A'dra>rphMronibn•unr eWcnAboutaxox Auttiho1. Brian Fuchs eialkorkal rougra MRigahort Cenker USDA 10_ Source: U.S. Drought Monitor Map Archive Extent The worst drought in Miami -Dade County, according to the National Climatic Data Center, was in 2011 when the Palmer Drought Index peaked at D4. 19 Comprehensive Development Master Plan- Land Use Plan Map: https://www.miamidade.gov/plan- ninq/library/reports/planning-documents/cdmp/cdmp-land-use-map-2030-2040.pdf September 2025 P1-55 Miami -Dade .Daunts. Impact Part 1: The Strategy Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents A drought will most likely affect those migrant farm workers who are employed by the agricultural community. Although not exhaustive, the following is a list of potential social populations that may be more heavily affected by this hazard than other groups. Although not exhaustive, the following is a list of potential social populations that may be more heavily affected by this hazard than other groups. • Residents with limited or no English • Low-Income/Poor • Transient Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property Farms and farmers may feel the impact of a drought before the general population. The consequence of such an incident will be dependent upon the location, scale, magnitude and extent of the incident. Consequences related to essential facilities and property following a drought may include: • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as individual households Impact to Critical Infrastructure Droughts typically do not affect physical structures but may affect essential services and other key community assets, including water services. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a drought may include: • Limiting usage of water for recreational/extracurricular activities such as watering lawns and washing cars Impact to Environment Droughts play a significant role on the impact of the environment. Dead and dry vegeta- tion caused by droughts provide ample fuel for wildfires. Heavy accumulation of fuels, lack of strategic management programs, and inadequate fire -fighting infrastructure has further complicated Miami -Dade County's risk to wildland urban interface fires. Consequences related to the environment following a drought may include: • Reduced crop, rangeland, and forest productivity • Increased fire hazards • Reduced water levels • Increased livestock and wildlife mortality rates • Damage to wildlife and fish habitat • Increased problems with insects and diseases to forests and reduced growth September 2025 P1-56 Mlam i-Dade County Previous Occurrences Part 1: The Strategy April — May 2020 — A very dry March and beginning of April led to severe drought condi- tions which developed over interior and western sections of southern Florida by the 3rd week of April. Several wildfires were reported in these areas. Less than three-quarters of an inch of rain fell during the first half of May across inland portions of Miami -Dade County, leading to the continuation of severe drought conditions. Surface and under- ground water levels dropped to around 10% of normal in some areas. Rainfall increased significantly during the second half of May, putting an end to the severe drought condi- tions by the end of the month. April — mid -May, 2018 — A prolonged dry spell since February continued through the middle of May, leading to lingering severe drought conditions over interior portions of South Florida. The dry conditions coupled with near -record low groundwater levels con- tributed to the spread of wildfires, including the Avian Complex in eastern Collier County which burned over 82,000 acres. This prolonged period of below normal rainfall led to low groundwater levels across this area, including at Water Conservation area 3, before the onset of the rainy season in mid -May put an end to the severe drought by May 22nd. January — September 2015 — A combination of decreased rainfall and higher than nor- mal temperatures through Miami -Dade County resulted in drought conditions throughout the county between January and September. A persistent high-pressure system in the upper levels of the troposphere restricted cold fronts to move southward through South Florida and delivered warm subtropical air to the region during the spring months (March - May). During the summer months (June -August), this high-pressure system brought warm and dry easterly winds steering most of the typical South Florida afternoon thun- derstorms to the west of the peninsula. A three-month deficit of 10-15 inches of rainfall across the County and temperatures between 0.5 and 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit above nor- mal resulted in drought conditions throughout this period. Miami -Dade County had its peak drought condition in late July 2015 when the Palmer Drought Index peaked to ex- treme drought (D3) in the eastern part of the County. As a result of this event, USDA designated Miami -Dade County as a primary natural disaster area due to the damages and losses caused to the agriculture community.20 March — early April, 2012 —Very dry conditions continued into early April over all of South Florida as high pressure continued to provide stable atmospheric conditions. January — August 2011 —Rainfall totals in January were near to below normal over most of southeast Florida. This resulted in the expansion of severe drought (D2) conditions over inland sections of Miami -Dade County. Rainfall deficits since October over these 20 USDA Designates 2 Counties in Florida as Primary Natural Disaster Areas, 2015: https://southeastag- net.com/2015/07/15/usda-designates-2-counties-in-florida-as-primary-natural-disaster-areas/ September 2025 P1-57 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy areas ranged anywhere from 8 to 11 inches. Most wells across the area were running at around 10 percent of normal water levels. The level of Lake Okeechobee remained steady at about 12.5 feet, which is 2.2 feet below normal. The Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) was in the 500 to 600 range, which reflects a high fire danger and low soil moisture values. February was a very dry month over South Florida as a high pressure dominated the region's weather pattern. Over most of Miami -Dade, February rainfall totals were less than a tenth of an inch. As a result, February 2011 was among the top 10 driest Februarys on record at Miami and Miami Beach. This led to severe drought conditions over most of South Florida, with extreme drought conditions over portions of the southeast coast. The level of Lake Okeechobee fell about a half -foot during February, from around 12.5 feet to near 12 feet. Forestry officials reported double the number of wildfires during the winter months of 2010-2011 compared to the previous year. The period of October 2010 to February 2011 was the driest on record in the 80-year history of the South Florida Water Management District's records. Conditions remained dry and by the end of May, most of southern Florida was in an ex- treme (D3) drought status, except for an area of exceptional (D4) drought over eastern Palm Beach and Broward counties. This is the first time in well over a decade that any part of south Florida has been designated as being under exceptional drought conditions. June continued the streak of below normal rainfall over most of South Florida. Little rain fell during the first 10 days of the month, with the rainy season not starting until around June 8th. Almost all the rain across the area fell in the last 2 weeks of the months. Total rainfall were only in the 2 to 4 inch range over the east coast metro areas as well as the Gulf coast areas. Miami Beach recorded its driest June on record with only 1.15 inches of rain. Inland areas of South Florida received about 6 to 8 inches, with isolated 9 to 11 inch amounts south and west of Lake Okeechobee. The level of Lake Okeechobee dropped from around 10 feet at the beginning of June to a minimum of around 9.6 feet in late June before recovering by the end of the month. Wells and underground reservoirs remained at the lowest 10 percent of normal levels. Exceptional (D4) drought conditions extended over most of Palm Beach and Broward counties as well as far northern Miami -Dade County. Extreme (D3) drought conditions extended all the way to the southwest Florida Coast of Collier County, with severe (D2) drought conditions elsewhere over South Florida. Several wildfires broke out over South Florida in June, including a large wildfire in the Everglades of Miami -Dade County near the Miccosukee Resort and several wildfires in north -central Palm Beach County and eastern Collier County. July and August brought much needed rains. Overall, rainfall averaged near to above average over most areas, leading to gradually improving drought conditions. Lake Okeechobee remained over 3 feet below the normal level for this time of year. Underground water levels remained below normal over much of South Florida, September 2025 P1-58 Mlam i-Dade Daunts. Part 1: The Strategy especially over the metro east coast sections.21 No data was available to determine the economic impacts of this event. November 2008 — May 2009 — The driest winter on record over many locations in South- east Florida led to the onset of severe drought (D2) conditions. At Miami International Airport, winter season rainfall was only 0.74 inches, making it the driest winter on record. The drought continued into the spring as most of South Florida was still under severe drought (D2) conditions. April rainfall was less than an inch at most locations. Then a very dry start to the month of May prompted the issuance of extreme drought (D3) condi- tions over virtually all of South Florida. The onset of the rainy season around May 11 brought copious rainfall to the region as a low pressure trough in the upper levels of the atmosphere set up near South Florida, effectively ending the drought by the last week of May.22 Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a medium overall vulnerability to droughts. Category Drought Vulnerability' Risk' Social {People. etc) Spew; Populations Minimally Vulnerable Law Cultural Conditions Socioeconomic Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Physical (Property. etc.) Critical lnfrastruc ure Key Resources Somewhat Vulnerable Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium Building Stock Minimally Vulnerable Low Community Conditions (Environment. Operations. etc.i Economic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Social C.orrdi-bons Minimally Vulnerable Low Environmental Conditions Vulnerable Medium Governmental Conditions fine Operations) Minimally Vulnerable Law Insurance Conditions Snmewhat Vuine.rab!e `•,".ed:un-i Community C+ganizations Minimally Vulnerable Low *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities Drought is not anticipated to have any impact on the built environment (Critical Infrastruc- ture, Key Resources, and Building Stock). It may cause economic losses to agriculture 21National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events Data- base: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/ 22 Miami -Dade 2015 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment September 2025 P1-59 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy and aquaculture due to loss of crops or water restrictions that inhibit normal operations. Crops most vulnerable to drought are the ones that are grown during the winter months, our dry season, and harvested in the spring months including cantaloupe, carambola, celery, cucumbers, dragon fruit, eggplant, fennel, guava, green beans, herbs, jackfruit, longyan, lychee, mushrooms, onions, papaya, passion fruit, plantains, radishes, sapo- dilla, spinach, squash, strawberries, sweetcorn, thyme, tomatoes and zucchini. Drought conditions can also impact the Miami -Dade County Water and Wastewater Treatment system. Social Vulnerabilities This hazard may impact persons employed by the agricultural community including mi- grant farm workers. In terms of the general population, it does not tend to affect one population over another. Frequency/Probability With the onset of Climate Change, Miami -Dade County may begin to see more severe droughts. As of the 2018 State of Florida Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan, Miami -Dade County is ranked as "medium," one occurrence every 5-7 years, for drought compared to other counties in Florida. September 2025 P1-60 mism i-Dade cavity Erosion Description Part 1: The Strategy Erosion is the wearing -away of land or the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, or drainage; the wearing -away of land by the action of natural forces; on a beach, the carrying away of beach material by wave action, tidal currents, littoral currents or by deflation. Waves generated by storms cause coastal ero- sion, which may take the form of long-term losses of sediment and rocks, or merely in the temporary redistribution of coastal sediments. Riverine and canal erosion are minimal within Miami -Dade County and will not be further analyzed. Coastal erosion is of greater concern and is expanded upon next. Long -shore currents move water in a direction parallel to the shoreline. Sand is moved parallel to most beaches in Florida by long -shore drift and currents. Ideally the movement of sand functions like a balanced budget. Sand is continually removed by long -shore currents in some areas but it is also continually replaced by sand carried in by the same type of currents. Structures such as piers or sea walls, jetties, and navigational inlets may inter- rupt the movement of sand. Sand can become "trapped" in one place by these types of structures. The currents will, of course, continue to flow, though depleted of sand trapped elsewhere. With significant amounts of sand trapped in the system, the continuing motion of currents (now deficient in sand) results in erosion. In this way, human construction activities that result in the unnatural trapping of sand have the potential to result in signif- icant coastal erosion. The ability of waves to cause erosion depends on a number of factors, which include: • The hardness or "erodibility" of the beach, cliff, or rocks, including the presence of fissures, fractures, and beds of non -cohesive materials such as silt and fine sand. • The rate at which sediment is eroded from the foreshore is dependent on the power of the waves crossing the beach, and this energy must reach a critical level or material will not be removed from the debris lobe. • Beaches actually help dissipate wave energy on the foreshore and can provide a measure of protection to cliffs, rocks, and other harder formations, as well as any area upland. • The lowering of the beach or shore platform through wave action is a key factor controlling the rate of erosion. A beach is generally lowered when its profile changes shape in response to a change in the wave climate. If the beach is not lowered, the foreshore should widen and become more effective at dissipating the wave energy, so that fewer and less powerful waves affect the area. • The near shore bathymetry controls the wave energy arriving at the coast and can have an important influence on the rate of erosion. September 2025 P1-61 Mlam i-Dade County ?art 1: The Strategy Beach Erosion — Beach erosion occurs when waves and currents remove sand from the beach system. The narrowing of the beach threatens coastal properties and tourism rev- enue in coastal counties throughout the United States. Dune Erosion — Dune erosion occurs when waves attack the front face of the sand dune, reducing the volume and elevation of the dune. Erosion of the sand dune leaves coastal properties more vulnerable to future storms. Overwash — When waves exceed the elevation of the dune, sand is transported across the island in a process known as overwash. When overwash occurs, it often results in significant damage to coastal property. Inundation and Island Breaching — Inundation occurs when the beach system, or the sandy profile located between the most seaward (primary) dune and the shoreline, is completely submerged under the rising storm surge. Strong currents may carve a chan- nel in the island in a process known as island breaching. September 2025 P1-62 Nam i-Dade County Location Part 1: The Strategy The coastal areas indicated in the map below, from the Florida Department of Environ- mental Protection (FDEP), are at highest risk for coastal erosion.23 This includes areas within the municipalities of Key Biscayne, Miami, Miami Beach, Biscayne Park, Bay Har- bor Islands, Bal Harbour, Sunny Isles Beach, and Golden Beach. 8rowari Cowl}, Golden Bean& Sunny Isles Haulover Bosch Eaksrs Haufower Cut Bal Harbour Suriswie lerm Beam Govesr men' Ci..t KC&y Bi6craync Miami -Dade County. FL Location Classification R0 1- R826.7 Critically Eroded Beach R027 - RO74.4 Criticaliy Eroded Beach R084 - Rc 88 Non -Critically Eroded Beach R489 - R092 Non -Critically Eroded Beach R1a1 - R113 Criticalhy Eroded Beach Norris Cut Non -Critically Eroded Inlet UC,n0 300e1V 0 Explanation F Range Monument Locediar? M3jar}�a�ha Erosion Classifications �• Crtic.aHv Eroaed®each - N ,— ntrcany Lamed rieacr wanr'ntr.sr°r Emae1Irref 2 6 Kliamelers 0 1.a5 _ 7.5 'J rs Source: FDEP Critically Eroded Beaches in Florida 23 FDEP Critically Eroded Beaches in Florida- August 2024: https://floridadep.gov/sites/de- fault/files/FDEP Critically%20Eroded%20Beaches 08-2024 0.pdf September 2025 P1-63 Mlami-Dade Cov.ttV Extent Part 1: The Strategy Coastal erosion is determined by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) on a scale of critically eroded or non -critically eroded. A critically eroded beach is defined by FDEP as "a segment of the shoreline where natural processes or human activity have caused or contributed to erosion and recession of the beach or dune sys- tem to such a degree that upland development, recreational interests, wildlife habitat, or important cultural resources are threatened or lost. Critically eroded shorelines may also include peripheral segments or gaps between identified critically eroded areas which, although they may be stable or slightly erosional now, their inclusion is necessary for continuity of management of the coastal system or for the design integrity of adjacent beach management projects."24 A non -critically eroded beach would be considered any segment of the coastline that does not meet the criteria for critically eroded stated above. That is, erosion has not progressed to a degree that threatens upland develop- ment, recreational interests, wildlife habitats, or cultural resources. Erosion is a major concern for all beaches in Miami -Dade County and has been identi- fied in many areas along the coast of the county. Erosion can happen at any time throughout the year. Large pieces of land may erode more quickly during storms, and therefore, more erosion may take place during stormy seasons. Erosion is often a slow onset disaster and can be a concern for many years. Unless action is taken to stop the erosion or replenish areas (such as beaches), erosion is a permanent fixture. Coastal erosion is expected to increase with sea level rise and storm frequency and severity. However, Miami -Dade County's Division of Environmental Resources Management has a program for monitoring and renourishment of the severely eroded areas.25 Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents Certain population groups may be impacted and/or more vulnerable based on any num- ber of social or economic factors, including those who may unknowingly purchase a home in a high -risk area for erosion. Residents who live on the coast, will most likely be affected by a reduction in their property value. Like all hazards, the actual consequence of such an incident will be dependent upon the location, scale, magnitude and extent of the inci- dent. Although not exhaustive, the following is a list of potential social populations that may be more heavily affected by this hazard than other groups. 24 FDEP Critically Eroded Beaches in Florida- August 2024: https://floridadep.gov/sites/de- fault/files/FDEP Critically%20Eroded%20Beaches 08-2024 0.pdf 25 Miami -Dade County Beach Erosion Control Master Plan: https://www.miamidade.gov/environment/li- brarv/reports/beach-renourishment-doc. pdf September 2025 P1-64 Part 1: The Strategy • Children • Disabled • Elderly • Residents with limited or no English Consequences towards the public as a result of erosion may include: • Temporary/permanent loss of residence, causing an increased need for shelter, short-term or long-term housing • Temporary/permanent loss of transportation, causing a need for replacement or alternative forms of transportation • Temporary/permanent loss of employment/business income, causing an in- creased need for loans • Temporary loss of services/utilities, requiring alternate means to address immedi- ate needs Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property All essential facilities along the coastline of Miami -Dade County are vulnerable to erosion. An essential facility will encounter many of the same impacts as any other building on the shoreline. These impacts will vary based on the magnitude of erosion with exposure of foundation of buildings, destruction of buildings, coastal roads, harbors, jetties and beaches. Consequences related to essential facilities and property by erosion may include: • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged home will no longer be habitable, caus- ing residents to seek shelter) • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as individual households Impact to Critical Infrastructure Impacts to critical infrastructure include broken, failed, or impassable roadways, bridges could fail or become impassable, causing risk to traffic, and possible washing away of jetties due to erosion. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following erosions may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Disruption in the public transportation • Loss of tourism industry Impact to Environment Erosion can impact the environment greatly in Miami -Dade County. Plants and wildlife that depend on the coastal ecosystem will begin to decline with loss of habitat, as coastal September 2025 P1-65 Mlam i-Dade Daunty Part 1: The Strategy ecosystems will deteriorate. Additionally, erosion can also impact the fishing industry as damage to areas of fish spawning will cause a major waning in commercial fishing. Consequences related to the environment following erosion may include: • Loss of habitat for plants and animals dependent on the coastal ecosystem • Decline in the fish population Previous Occurrences Erosion is an on -going threat, and although certain events like a hurricane or strong storm may increase erosion for a period, erosion continues to occur during calm periods. The long-term average erosion rates (over 40+ years) for our beaches are as follows: • Sunny Isles Beach - 10,800 CY/YR • Bal Harbour - 39,900 CY/YR • Surfside - 14,500 CY/YR • Miami Beach 65th Street Hotspot - 10,000 CY/YR • Miami Beach 55th Street Hotspot - 12,000 CY/YR • Miami Beach 44th Street Hotspot - 11,000 CY/YR • Miami Beach 27th Street Hotspot - 27,600 CY/YR November 2022 — Beach erosion losses after Hurricane Nicole were severe enough to trigger a Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies (FCCE) funding request. The Army Corps estimated the sand loss at 70,500 CY based on the Regulatory and Economic Resources DERM Water Management Division Beach Assessment Reports. September 2017 — Hurricane Irma caused some beach erosion throughout Miami -Dade County. The preliminary damage assessments estimated a loss of 170,000 cubic yards of sand. The money amount in damages has not been determined. October 2016 — Hurricane Matthew caused minor beach erosion, as it travelled north- ward parallel to Florida's east coast. Miami -Dade County agencies and municipalities estimated close to $1 M in damages due to coastal erosion. October 2012 — Hurricane Sandy never made landfall but paralleled the coast causing moderate to major beach erosion from central Florida southward to Miami -Dade County. There were reports of waves up to 10 feet in Miami -Dade. Hurricane Sandy was esti- mated to cause over $2M in damages to beaches including the following: September 2025 P1-66 Part 1: The Strategy • Miami Beach 26th— 29th Street — approxi- mately 10,000 cubic yards • Miami Beach 44th — 46th Street — approxi- mately 2,500 cubic yards • Miami Beach 53rd — 56th Street — approxi- mately 3,000 cubic yards • Miami Beach 63rd — 66th Street — approxi- mately 5,000 cubic yards • Bal Harbour 99th — 103rd Street — approxi- mately 2,600 cubic yards • Key Biscayne — unknown cubic yards esti- mated at $1.2M 26 October 2005 — Hurricane Wilma, caused in general only minor beach (Condition I) ero- sion to the majority of beaches in Miami -Dade but dune erosion (Condition 11) occurred at the Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park.27 No major structural damage was observed sea- ward of the Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) or within the Coastal Building Zone (CBZ). Most of the damage near the coast occurred north of Bakers Haulover Inlet. At Cape Florida, a concrete seawall and rock revetment sustained level three damage. September 2005 — Hurricane Rita caused only minor beach erosion (Condition I) north of Government Cut from Miami Beach to Broward County. Virginia Key also had minor beach erosion (Condition I) but also experienced overtopping, resulting in a wash over deposit of sand. Portions of Key Biscayne experience moderate beach and dune erosion (Condition III) and south of Sonesta Beach Resort had minor dune erosion (Condition II). No structural damages were sustained along the Miami -Dade County coast seaward of the CCCL or within the CBZ during the passage of Hurricane Rita. August 2005 — Hurricane Katrina caused minor beach erosion (Condition I) to the north- ern beaches in Miami -Dade. No structural damages were sustained along the Dade County coast seaward of the CCCL or within the CBZ; however, a number of single-family dwellings were flooded on Key Biscayne forcing their evacuation. 26 Miami -Dade Emergency Operations Center Damages Report 27 Florida Department of Environmental Protection Post -Storm Reports September 2025 P1-67 Mlam I -Dade County Vulnerability Part 1: The Strategy Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a medium overall vulnerability to droughts. Erosion Cateory Vulnerability` Risk' Social (People, :etc.E Spec7i Populations Guttural Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Nlgnimally Vulnerable Low Low Socioeconomic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Physical (Property. etc.( Critical Infrastructure Key Resources Bu,:'ding Stock Vulnerable Medium Somewhat Vulnerable Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium CommunitySocial ConditionsEnvironmental {Environment. Operations. etc.) Economic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Conditions MinimallyVulnerable Low Conditions Governmental Conditions (inc. Operations) Vulnerable Medium Low Minimally Vulnerable Insurance Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Community Organizations Minimally Vulnerable Low *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in TH1RA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The entire built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources, Building Stock) and natural environment (beaches) are vulnerable to erosion primarily along coastal areas. According to a GIS analysis there are approximately 500 parcels in the property appraiser database that intersect with the CCCL. Though the beaches have been fortified over the years and are much wider than they used to be, constant erosion could put structures in these areas at risk. The map to the right shows the status of erosion classifications for Miami -Dade County's coastal areas. Severe erosion can exacerbate storm surge inun- dation by minimizing the protection offered by beaches and seawalls as they are compro- mised. Structures such as boardwalks or piers that have pilings in coastal areas may suffer collapse or complete destruction. Beaches in Miami -Dade, such as South Beach and Biscayne National Park, are cited as the number one reason tourists come to Miami - Dade. There are two piers in Miami -Dade County that extend into the Atlantic Ocean and Gov- ernment Cut, the Newport Beach Fishing Pier in Sunny Isles Beach and the South Pointe Pier in Miami Beach. The Newport Beach Pier was rebuilt and reopened in 2013 after being destroyed by Hurricane Wilma in 2005 and the South Point Pier was rebuilt and reopened in 2014 after being closed in 2004 due to deterioration. September 2025 P1-68 Mlam i-Dade County Social Vulnerabilities Part 1: The Strategy This hazard does not tend to affect one population over another. Frequency/Probability Erosion is an ongoing threat in Miami -Dade County. Hurricanes increase the risk of ero- sion to an annual significant occurrence affecting at least some of our coastal areas. However, erosion can occur at any time. Projected erosion rates in Miami -Dade County's coastline to increase, as beaches north of the Government Cut are already critically eroded. September 2025 P1-69 ON' ...,.nv-Dade county Flooding Description Part 1: The Strategy Global statistics show that floods are the most frequently recorded destructive events, accounting for about 30% of the world's disasters each year. Flooding is a complicated hazard because there are many different factors that contribute to flooding. Also, there are several different types of flooding. Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. It can happen during heavy rains or when ocean waves come onshore. Flooding may happen with only a few inches of water, or it may happen with several feet of water. A single flooding incident can affect many different communities covering sev- eral states. Category Criteria River or Canal When water levels rise in a river due to excessive rain from tropical sys- Overbank Flooding tems making landfall, persistent thunderstorms over the same area for ex- tended periods of time. Ponding Coastal Flooding When water levels rise in a land locked area, lake or detention basin due to excessive rain from tropical systems making landfall, persistent thunder- storms over the same area for extended periods of time. In South Florida, some of the severe localized thunderstorms frequently exceed 3 inches/hour, exhausting the storage and infiltration capacity of the drain- age system. When a hurricane, tropical storm, or tropical depression produces a deadly storm surge that overwhelms coastal areas as it makes landfall. Storm surge is water pushed on shore by the force of the winds swirling around the storm. This advancing surge combines with the normal tides to create the hurricane storm tide, which can increase the average water level, 15 feet or more. The greatest natural disaster in the United States, in terms of loss of life, was caused by a storm surge and associated coastal flood- ing from the great Galveston, Texas, hurricane of 1900. At least 8,000 people lost their lives. Inland or Riverine Flooding Flash Flooding When tropical cyclones move inland, they are typically accompanied by torrential rain. If the decaying storm moves slowly over land, it can pro- duce rainfall amounts of 20 to 40 inches over several days. Widespread flash flooding and river flooding can result. In the 1970s, '80s, and '90s, in- land flooding was responsible for more than half of the deaths associated with tropical cyclones in the United States. The state of Florida has nearly 121,000 census blocks potentially threatened by riverine flooding, translat- ing to nearly $880 billion in property. IA rapid rise of water along a stream or low-lying urban area. Flash flood- ing occurs within six hours of a significant rain event and is usually caused by intense storms that produce heavy rainfall in a short amount of time. 'Excessive rainfall that causes rivers and streams to swell rapidly and September 2025 P1-70 Part 1: The Strategy Category Criteria overflow their banks is frequently associated with hurricanes and tropical storms, large clusters of thunderstorms, supercells, or squall lines. Other types of flash floods can occur from dam or levee failures. (When local sea level temporarily rises above an identified threshold height for flooding, in the absence of storm surge or riverine flooding.28 High tide flooding, sometimes referred to as nuisance flooding, sunny -day flooding, High Tide Flooding or king tide flooding, is occurring more frequently every year as sea levels continue to rise. King Tides normally occur a few times per year. More se- vere flooding may result if King Tides coincide with bad weather conditions 'such as heavy rains, strong winds or big waves. Much of Miami -Dade County is susceptible to localized flooding, particularly during the rainy sea- son from June through October, see the map on this page. The mean elevation of Miami -Dade County is relatively low at 6 feet above mean sea level. The county's flat terrain causes exten- sive "ponding" due to the lack of elevation gradients to facilitate "run-off". Of Miami-Dade's 1,250,287 acres, 44.62% of that is within the flood plain (557,871 acres). One area in particular ex- periences flooding on a regular basis. Known as the 81/2 square mile area, it is located west of the L-31N Levee, between SW 104th Street on the north and SW 168th Street on the south. Our community is interlaced with an intricate system of canals that play an integral role in our ground- water saturation levels. When the levels are too high or the canal structures cannot be opened, this can lead to localized flooding dur- ing rain events. Agricultural inter- ests can be impacted by levels that FLOOD PRONE AREAS, CLASSIFIED BY No. OF REPETITIVE LOSSES AND, FLOOD COMPLAINTS REPORTED TO THE 311 SYSTEM Legend Sub -easing Type of flooding Constar IrI and, RRI:nnni are too high or too low. 28 High -Tide Flooding: https://toolkit.climate.gov/high-tide-flooding If the control structures September 2025 P1-71 Mlam i-Dade Counts. Part 1: The Strategy release the fresh water at a rapid rate this can also lead to environmental concerns where the fresh water is released. When the control structures fail or are damaged and cannot be operated, alleviation of any localized flooding may require pumping until the canal structures can be re -opened or fixed. Inability to be able to close the salinity structures within the canals could also increase the risk of saltwater intrusion during high tide and storm surge. Part 5 of the LMS provide greater detail as to the canal system within the county and the relation to drainage basins. The most predominant type of flood hazard is Inland/Riverine. Table 6A-21 shows the percentage of the drainage system service areas subject to the different types of flood- ing. TABLE 6A-23 FLOOD CATEGORIES IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY Type of Flooding Coastal Finland/River-me Ponding [Total Service Are Area, Acres 18,314 103,960 60,99 33% 183,267 I-7100 % Source- Mrarr LD cfe County Considering that the most widespread type of flooding is Inland/Riverine, followed by Ponding, Miami -Dade County began the development of a countywide storm water man- agement program in 1992 for all Primary Canal Basins (see Map 6A-16). The Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources (RER) - Division of Environmental Resources Management (DERM) published the 2021 Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) Master Plan. The SWMP Master Plan update provides the most current representation of the behavior of the interconnected stormwater management system for existing and fu- ture hydrologic and hydraulic conditions for Miami -Dade County. The Master Plan pro- vides details of the numerical modeling used to evaluate the impact of sea level rise and climate change and addresses the protection of natural channels. It also provides a basis to develop an estimate for dedicated funding sources used for SWMP strategies. The SWMP Master Plan is in the process of being updated again for 2026. Location The entire county is vulnerable to flooding; however, some areas are more prone to flood- ing than others due to elevation levels and location within basins. The next map is an elevation map of the county showing the highest elevation areas in dark red and brown, referred to as "the ridge," and the lowest elevation areas in blue. The maps after show the top 20 flooding problem service areas in each of the Canal Basins of Miami -Dade County. September 2025 P1-72 M lam i-Dade Cc,&y Part 1: The Strategy ti Elevation w�,lw • • • 1}114 • ='=1 1 R • 1 211. • 2 aft • 5 -lrt 7 - 0 • 6 7r1 • J 61r • A-VR • s-141� • la 11r[ • 11 I2R • 12. 13 R • 2C 25h Elevation map of Miami -Dade County Source: Miami -Dade County Office of Resilience- Sea Level Rise Strategy Ch. 1 September 2025 P1-73 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy MAP 5A-15 - 0-1 BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS (SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPLOS FWacrlg Rinkno Scpb-basin F-1 Ci-_t1 c-- CC N-E,i Ci1ii F ^C1- —7 F.6 C1-S-5 F4 CCff-E-3 F-T CAI—IV-5 COI-IV-3 CC 1 N-E-1 F-a,3 Ct.$-IP F41- C1-.14e _ F-12 C11 -E-3 F-13 ti-N-€+ F44 CCt#3 F-15 Ct-C-1r F-16 C1 k-T F-1 CC1I+1-14-2 FA-3 C1pp&C-1 -•" CiN-W-3R --_ C14-3 Legend • Maur Can1i iin Bundry Top 2I3FloodingPat Nm ubSaw; — Won, EiodyiCannl‘ Sub -Basin Baundanes Ala n 1 5 3 Miles 5 I C� CAPS j Source: Storm wafer Management Mast,erplan September 2025 P1-74 Nam I -Dade Caunly Part 1: The Strategy MAP 6A-16 - C-2 BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS {SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPLOS Source: Miarri-Dade County MAP 6A-17 - C-3 AND O-5 BASINS TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS (SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPLOS Source: VIiami-Dade Ccunty September 2025 P1-75 ink Nam I -Dade Count Part 1: The Strategy MAP 6A-18 - C-4 BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS {SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPLOS Source: Miami -Dade County MAP 6A-19 - O-S BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS (SUB -BASINS, BASED ON THE FPLOS Source- Miami -Dade sty September 2025 P1-76 01% Mlam I -Dade county Part 1: The Strategy MAP 6A-20 - C-7 BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS (SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPLOS • Y. Pete .r - V T 1.1.14T DDICLW . ..., 1. 4.1 liefX Y fiT r l I — MIMI Limn 1, , Ats T▪ 'A L lirA . — -}.# reL]}iX di- S. - A bi▪ l m' 1 :, 4. . Y1f LATMi i • IL - y'. - Plea 11 X. r f i -w rI . 13-14 1... 1 F.21 'f 11 F.1 14 4-.--. • • 4W larX .r FiAIa, IX 1t*XAr14PIAL St Ftkl 14• 111 X 1 Source: II iarni-Datie County MAP 6A-21 - C-B BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS (SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPLOS Source: r1 iami-Dacle County September 2025 P1-77 Mlsm I -Dade Ceunly Part 1: The Strategy MAP 6A-22 - C -9 BASI N TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS {SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPLOS Source: F1iaDade County MAP 6A-23-C-19O BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS {SUB-BASINSp, BASED ON THE FPLOS Source: Miami -Dade County September 2025 P1-78 Mlam i-Dade county Part 1: The Strategy MAP 6A-24 - C-102 BASIN TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS (SUB -BASINS), BASED ON THE FPL.OS 1 tp nu 11 111.ST5 SA i I Source: Miami -Dade County MAP GA-28- C-103. FLORIDA CITY AND NORTH CANAL BASINS TOP 20 FLOODING PROBLEM SERVICE AREAS (SUB-BASINSM, BASED ON THE FPLOS Source: N1 iami-Dade County September 2025 P1-79 Mlami-Dade Co.nLV Extent Part 1: The Strategy Flooding, especially flash flooding, can occur any moment during any time period or sea- son. Flooding and storm surge from hurricanes and tropical storms is likely to occur during hurricane season (June 1 - November 30 in the Atlantic). Strong thunderstorms can also produce heavy flooding in a short period of time. Although storm surge presents the potential for loss of life, a study conducted from 1970 to 1999 by the National Hurricane Center found that freshwater flooding accounted for more than half (59%) of the tropical cyclone deaths in the United States. FEMA estimates that about 41 % of Florida is flood prone, which is the highest percentage of all 50 states. Because of the potential for flood damage, Florida has the most flood insurance policies required by the National Flood Insurance Program than any other state. The extent of flooding varies depending on region, soil conditions, weather, and a large host of manmade factors such as land use and levees among others. Several factors can independently influence the cause -and -effect relation between rainfall and flooding. During large meteorological storms the term "100-year flood" may be used in an attempt to simplify the definition of a flood so severe that it statistically has a 1-percent chance of occurring in any given year. This percent is often misunderstood to mean that a 100-year flood refers to a flood that can only happen once every 100 years. However, a 100-year flood can occur in consecutive years despite that probability being very low. A universal method for classifying the extent of flooding events has not been adopted by the scientific community, but Miami -Dade County relies on the flood products issued by the NWS as well as the resulting damages reported to determine the severity of a flash flood event. Currently, the NWS local office issues flood advisories, watches, and warn- ings, which are described below. A. Flood Advisory — issued when forecast rainfall may result in street flooding (nuisance flooding), but no major impacts on roadways is expected. A Flood Advisory can be issued within an hour of expected conditions. B. Flood Watch — issued when there is a possibility of significant flooding that can lead to warning conditions. A Flood Watch can be issued within six (6) to 12 hours of expected conditions. C. Flood and Flash Flood Warning — issued when flooding is imminent or occurring, threatening, or entering structures and/or major roadways are being impacted (e.g., road closures). A Flood/Flash Flood Warning is issued within an hour of expected conditions. Additionally, Miami -Dade has created action categories for flood events based on rainfall forecasts which also serves as a scale of severity. September 2025 P1-80 Mlam i-Dade Counts.. Roadway Inundation Part 1: The Strategy Miami -Dade County Action Levels Localized Flood Events Due to Rainfall Forecast of Depth of !nun- dation above normal stage MDC Ac- lion Cate- gories Actions Rainfall Inten- sity Forecast 24-h Rainfall Fore- cast Above 3.0' Major Flood Stage Gate and pump operations in flood mode; general evacuation of resi- dents in the affected area. Over 6 inches/h Over 10 inches Between 1.0' and 3.0' Significant Flood Sta a g Gate and pump operations in flood mode; evacuation of older subdivi- sions and non -compliant struc- tures. Between 3in/h to 6 in h / Between 6 to 10 in From 0.5' to 1.0' Flood Stage Gate and pump operations in flood mode; flood inspections on all af- fected areas. From 2 in/h to 3 in/h From 4 to 6 in Between 0.0 and 0.5' Action Stage Review canal operations; review of complaints and need for flood in- spections From 1 in/h to 2in/h From 2 to 4 in 0.0' or less Below Flood Stage No Action nth than 1 Less than 2 in Note: some of these events may trigger evacuation calls by County Emergency Management Officials Matches up well with 2-3"/hour rate as guideline for Flood Advisory, with duration at least one hour. Flash Flood Warning: Greater than 3"/hour rate as guideline, lasting over an hour and keeping 24-hour amount of 6" or greater in mind. 1' or greater roadway inundation considered as "flood". Most local roadways are designed to handle 5-year 24-hour events (-7"). Most arterial roadways are de- signed to handle 10-year 24-hour events (-8.5"). Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents A flooding event will most likely affect the disabled, elderly, homeless, transient, and low- income communities that reside in areas prone to flooding. Residents may be displaced depending on location and severity of the flooding. The elderly and disabled population may need evacuation assistance from flooding due to mobility issues. Transient groups may experience delays in travel and may not be aware of flooded areas. Although not exhaustive, the following is a list of potential social populations that may be more heavily affected by this hazard than other groups. • Low-Income/Poor • Transient • Children September 2025 P1-81 Part 1: The Strategy • Elderly Consequences for the public as a result of a flooding incident may include: • Temporary/permanent loss of employment/business income, causing an in- creased need for loans. • Temporary loss of water services/utilities, requiring alternate means to address immediate needs. • Temporary/permanent loss of residence, causing an increased need for shelter, short-term or long-term housing. • Temporary/permanent loss of transportation, causing a need for replacement or alternative forms of transportation. Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property Essential facilities may experience an interruption in daily operations due to flooding caus- ing economic losses. For example, medical facilities, banks, and grocery stores may temporarily close due to flooding, which can even cause some electrical issues as well. Any physical structure located in a flooded area is likely to sustain some amount of dam- age. Consequences related to essential facilities and property following a flooding event may include: • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as individual households. • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, caus- ing residents to seek shelter). Impact to Critical Infrastructure All structures in flood prone areas are vulnerable to flooding. Critical Infrastructure in- cluding airports, waterways, utility services, police and fire operations all are impacted by flooding. The consequence will be dependent upon the location, scale, magnitude and extent of the incident in addition to the existing vulnerabilities and community conditions. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a flooding event may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Disruption in the public transportation • Shortage of fuel or other essential materials • Loss of power due to power outage Impact to Environment Flooding can significantly impact the environment. It can uproot trees, kill plants, and erode sediment. Floodwater running into bodies of water can affect water quality, create algae, and damage ecosystems. Farms may feel the impact of flooding before the gen- eral population, depending on where the crops are located in a flood zone. September 2025 P1-82 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Consequences related to the environment following a flooding event may include: • Reduced crop, rangeland, and forest productivity • Contaminated drinking water • Alter landscapes leading to unhabitable locations • Increased livestock and wildlife mortality rates • Damage to wildlife and fish habitat Previous Occurrences June 11-13, 2024 —A plume of deep tropical moisture streamed into South Florida during the week of June 10 through 15th as the region remained south of a stationary boundary and near a weak tropical disturbance. Multiple mesoscale convective systems developed to the south of this boundary over Central Florida and gradually pivoted southward into South Florida during the morning and afternoon hours of June 11th, 12th, and 13th, 2024. With a very moist and warm atmospheric composition, rainfall rates were efficient and tropical in nature. Flooding from the heavy rainfall event lingered for several days across portions of NE Miami -Dade County. This included neighborhoods across Miami Beach, Miami Shores, North Miami, North Miami Beach, and Aventura. A total of 34 people re- quired evacuation from vehicles stalled in deep flood waters. Damage assessments re- port 160 structures with major damage, and 81 with minor damage. A maximum 2-day rainfall total of 20 was recorded in Sunny Isles Beach, with 10-20 inches from Miami Shores and Miami Beach to North Miami and Aventura. Total damages were estimated at 3.8 million. November 15, 2023 —A strengthening low-pressure system moving across the Florida Keys brought widespread heavy rainfall to much of South Florida from the afternoon of November 15th to the early morning hours of November 16th. Numerous reports of standing water, stranded vehicles, and road closures in the downtown Miami area due to heavy rainfall after continuous rounds of showers moved across the area. Several roads had 6-12 inches of standing water and stranded vehicles, including Biscayne Boulevard near Northeast 6th Street in Miami, Brickell Avenue near Southeast 14th Street in Brickell, and Alton Road near Interstate-195 in Miami Beach. There were no reports of structures being impacted. Up to 8 inches of rain was estimated to have fallen in the area within a 3-hour period, with 12-hour rainfall amounts of 10-12 inches. June 19, 2023 —A warm and moist S to SW wind flow combined with low pressure aloft over the SE United States led to the development of afternoon showers and thunder- storms across SE Florida, some of which were severe over Miami -Dade County. West Flagler Street was reported almost impassable between NW 82nd Avenue and NW 84th Avenue with multiple stalled cars along the street. Other reports indicated southbound lanes of the Palmetto Expressway flooded, as well as the exit ramp from State Road 836 (Dolphin Expressway) to the Palmetto Expressway. Rainfall estimates of 4 to 5 inches in the area during the time of the flooding. September 2025 P1-83 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy April 10, 2023 — Lingering moisture from a cold front passage and coastal convergence supported the development of scattered showers and thunderstorms the afternoon of April 10th. There were numerous rounds of heavy downpours across the eastern metro corridor. The City of Miami Police Department reported flooding across multiple road- ways in downtown Miami due to heavy rainfall in the area. Several cars were stranded along secondary streets near 1-395 near Biscayne Boulevard. Measured rainfall in the area was between 3-5 inches, most of it falling in 4 hours or Tess. June 9, 2022 — Moist south to southwest wind flow continued to provide the necessary ingredients for heavy showers and thunderstorms to form across SE Florida during the afternoon. Saturated grounds from previous rainfall contributed to the flash flooding. Media reported significant street and neighborhood flooding in Cutler Bay, mainly along Old Cutler Road from SW 216 Street to SW 224 Street, as well as in Silver Palms near SW 232 Street and SW 112 Avenue. Cars were reported to be stranded and water reaching the upper part of car tires. Observed rainfall was as high as 4 inches in this area, most of which fell in less than 2 hours and aggravated pre-existing flooding in the area from recent heavy rainfall. May 29, 2022 — A mid/upper-level low pressure area over the eastern Gulf of Mexico helped to draw high moisture levels across South Florida. Light winds and the formation of sea breezes helped to focus numerous showers and thunderstorms over the interior and eastern parts of South Florida, causing gusty thunderstorm winds, hail, and flooding over parts of the area. Significant flooding was reported in Hialeah. Water covered mul- tiple lanes of the Palmetto Expressway (SR 826) near W 49th Street, rising to the base of vehicles. Water also rose to the base of an SUV's door in a nearby residential street, with water over 6 inches deep on the street. Measured rainfall in the area was between 3-5 inches, most of it falling in 2 hours or less. November 18, 2021 —A mid -upper -level disturbance across the FL Straits continued to push northward towards South FL which allowed for a deepening moist layer across the Florida east coast. This favored widespread showers and thunderstorms with gusty wind, heavy rainfall, and flooding. Significant flooding was reported across the down- town and midtown areas of Miami. Significant flooding of roadways with stalled vehicles in the flood waters along the Biscayne Boulevard corridor from NE 15th Street to NE 9th Street. Rainfall measurements from nearby rain gauges was around 3 inches, most of which fell in a very short period. September 13, 2020 —A low pressure system, turned tropical disturbance, moving across the western Atlantic and over the Bahamas abruptly formed into Tropical De- pression Nineteen on September 11th. Tropical Depression Nineteen gradually contin- ued westward and the center passed about 10 to 20 miles SSE of Miami, Florida during the morning of September 12th. As Tropical Depression Nineteen moved westward over the South Florida peninsula, it continued to strengthen into a Tropical Storm known as Tropical Storm Sally. Rainfall flooding impacts were moderate to significant across South Florida with around 3 to almost 8 inches across portions of Miami -Dade County. September 2025 P1-84 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Several broadcast media reports of significant street flooding from Coconut Grove to Brickell and Downtown Miami, and possibly extending into Little Havana. U.S. Highway 1 in Coconut Grove and Brickell was covered in water up to knee-high in places, leading to a number of stalled vehicles. August 15, 2019 — Thunderstorms produced very heavy rainfall that measured over 7 inches in about 3 hours across portions of Kendall. This heavy rainfall resulted in flash flooding which resulted in water intrusions in numerous structures and impassable road- ways.29 October 3-7, 2017 — A combination of high tide and heavy rainfall led to flooding across portions of Miami -Dade County. There were reports of coastal and street flooding in the vicinity of Biscayne Blvd from 1-395 to NE 30th Street. August 24-27, 2017 —A tropical wave (Invest 97L) was located near the central Bahamas on August 21 st, 2017 and forecast to move northwestward over Florida. Wind shear and dry air hindered further development of this system, but the National Weather Service forecast an excessive rainfall threat for the remainder of the week. Rainfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches, with locally higher amounts possible, were forecast for the region. As a result, a Flood Watch was in effect for Miami -Dade County from August 24th through the 27th Between August 24th and 26th, rainfall amounts ranged between 1 and 4 inches through the county. Rainfall amounts of up to 4.5 inches were recorded in the northeast portion of the county between August 26th and 28th. The only significant report received by the National Weather Service was of Okeechobee Road flooded in Hialeah and a spotter in the area recorded 6.62 inches of rain in a single afternoon on August 27th August 1, 2017 — Tropical Storm Emily formed west of Tampa Bay on July 31st, and moved across central Florida, just north of Lake Okeechobee. On August 1st, Tropical Storm Emily was located over the Atlantic and moving away from Florida. Although no direct impacts were reported for Miami -Dade County, a trough extending from the tropical system was over southeastern Florida. A combination of the frontal boundary and day- time heating, a band of thunderstorms developed off the coast and moved west. At around 2 pm, the band became nearly stationary over Miami Beach, Key Biscayne and Downtown Miami. A Flash Flood Warning was issued at 3:47pm until 9:45pm. Later in the afternoon, the same band of thunderstorms redeveloped over The Redland, Kendall, Palmetto Bay and Pinecrest area. Rainfall amounts in these areas ranged between 4 and 6 inches with isolated amounts between 7 and 8 inches. The rainfall rates of 2 to 4 inches an hour lasted 2 to 3 hours, and around the same time as high tide. Significant flooding was reported in Miami Beach and the Brickell area in the City of Mi- ami. Vehicles were stalled in streets with up to 2 feet of water and some streets had to 29 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events Data- base: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/ September 2025 P1-85 Mlam i-Dade Daunts. Part 1: The Strategy be closed due to deep standing water. In Miami Beach, 1 to 2 feet of water was reported on streets in South Beach including Purdy Avenue, West Avenue, Alton Road, Pennsyl- vania Avenue, Meridian Avenue, Collins Avenue, Washington Avenue and Indian Creek Drive. Water entered business, homes, apartment lobbies and parking garages. In Mary Brickell Village, more than 10 businesses and buildings had 1 to 4 inches of water inside the structures. June 7, 2017 — An area of low pressure over the Gulf of Mexico, brought tropical moisture across South Florida during the week of June 5th. Widespread showers and thunder- storms, with the potential of heavy rainfall was forecast for the rest of the week. On June 7th, a Flood Watch was issued for Miami -Dade County until 8 pm. Aside from minor flood- ing on roadways, no significant issued were reported. December 2015 — A cold front moved into South Florida during on December 3rd, and stalled across the far southern end of the peninsula and upper Florida Keys on Decem- ber 4th and 5th. Several rounds of heavy rainfall fell across Southern Miami -Dade County. Rainfall amounts near 15 inches fell across Homestead, the Redlands, and western Kendall, with four (4) to eight (8) inches reported across the remainder of Mi- ami -Dade County, most of which occurred on December 5th. This rainfall led to signifi- cant flooding in Miami -Dade County with numerous road closures and cars stalling in flood waters. An estimated $1 Million in damage impacted the County's fall and winter crops and also resulted in multiple day closures at Zoo Miami.3° 3° National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events Data- base: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/ September 2025 P1-86 402% Miami -Dada County June 7-8, 2013 — On June 6th Tropical Storm Andrea made landfall in northern Florida, but southern Florida received torren- tial rain from the tail of the storm. A South Florida Water Manage- ment District rain gauge rec- orded 13.15 inches of rain in North Miami Beach at 5:53 PM EDT with storm total at the same gauge by 9 PM EDT recording 13.94 inches. Other rainfall re- ports received were 11.71 inches at the FIU Biscayne Cam- pus in North Miami Beach and 9.89 inches at North Miami/Key- stone Point. Over 50 vehicles were reported as being stranded in impassable roads in Aventura and additional roads had similar problems in North Miami and Golden Beach. The picture to the right, shows 72-hour rainfall amounts ending on the morning of June 9th, 2013. Vulnerability Part 1; The Strategy 72-Hour Rainfall Thru 7 AM Jwie 9 h, 2013 Mott: On AVM Arn16, W-OR*tiry'ei i, L0. 1�Ni #4n+DIVr, y.'SP MI6 1fPSS dF4 Wilke, Orinr rtr-iIrL, ,.rf,�-„•-,r,. .vJ.. — - =4 i r r�r.i,Lwrla it Ini alaia'LJ r,n L J opeiai:ksr,'64:I Jar u.�....a.�.:: .. en ni Y.9p _lad -itm-p ie:3a::WsianrJalli.daiJadllr,.a.lm* .s...— Rainfall (Inches: Atip F.451,15) 41 # 2, 41,4Z 461.1,1 1140 10,64 The 12111 yy airifatio 14 ■ rya .6311 e4 itl A ■1F'li Mil root Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a high overall vulnerability to flooding. Flooding Category Vulnerability' Risk'Special Social ',People, etc.) Populations Vulnerable High Cultural Conditions Socioeconomic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Vulnerable High Physical ?Property, etc.) CnticaIInfrastructure Key Resources Somewhat Vulnerable Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium Building Stock Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Community Conditions (Environment. Operations, etc.) Economic Conditions Vulnerable High Social Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium EmrirnnmertaI Condit ens 'Vulnerable High Governmental Conditions (inc. O perations) Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Insurance Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Community. Organizations Somewhat Vulnerable Medium September 2025 P1-87 Mlam i-Dade Counts. Part 1: The Strategy *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The entire built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources, Building Stock) may be vulnerable to flooding especially in low lying, storm surge planning zones, areas close to canals and structures that were built prior to flood plain regulations. Structures in areas where there has been repetitive losses and no mitigation may also be at a higher risk but past flooding events do not necessarily indicate future flooding problems. Part 5 provides additional analysis of residential structures by date of flood regulations within Miami -Dade County. On the following page is a chart showing how many structures within each jurisdiction are within FEMA Flood Zones. September 2025 P1-88 Part 1: The Strategy TABLE 5. NUMBER OF BUILDINGS BY JURISDICTION IN FEMA FLOOD ZONES Jurisdiction A AE AH Aventura 24,861 172 Bal Harbour 642 3,192 Bay Harbor 2,906 Biscayne Park 1,116 93 Coral Gables 2,977 1,414 65 16,097 Cutler Bay 8,902 2,009 4,343 Doral 166 7,311 19,729 El Portal 10 111 755 Florida City 2 21 1,899 2,072 Golden Beach 269 136 Hialeah 4,478 21,569 40,678 Hialeah Gardens 139 429 5,895 Homestead 770 12,137 9,556 Indian Creek Village 51 20 Key Biscayne 7,298 Medley 9 456 1,159 City of Miami 51,416 7,084 3,864 84,868 Miami Beach 51,701 3,939 Miami Gardens 14,024 20,227 Miami Lakes 8,934 1,341 Miami Shores 843 24 3,277 Miami Springs 48 2,338 2,486 North Bay Village 3,659 North Miami 8,579 139 8,580 North Miami Beach 6,458 8,285 Opa-Locka 951 569 3,104 Palmetto Bay 4,802 44 3,857 Pinecrest 2,260 67 4,618 South Miami 1 825 3,977 Sunny Isles Beach 11,971 1 7,719 Surfside 1,562 1,767 Sweetwater 11 3,410 1,103 Virginia Gardens 132 592 West Miami 1,823 Unincorporated 921 53,113 113,619 1 100 217,268 TOTAL 923 233,368 164,534 1 4,172 438,347 September 2025 P1-89 Part 1: The Strategy Heavy rainfall events tend to be measured by the amount of rain during a certain duration to give you what would equate to the chances of this type of storm which is typically categorized by terminology such as a 100 year or 500-year storm. To help local communities determine if a rain event is considered significant the following site and chart from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hydro meteorological Design Studies Center maintains the Precipitation Frequency Data Server (PFDS) which is a point -and -click interface developed to deliver NOAA Atlas 14 precipi- tation frequency estimates and associated information. To determine the amounts and rates of rain that could create a various internal rain event (e.g. 100 year or 500 year) this website provides local information. http://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/pfds map cont.html?bkmrk=fl Social Vulnerabilities People who live in areas prone to flooding and who may be uninsured or underinsured are at greatest risk. The cost of insurance may be prohibitive and people who live outside of a flood zone may believe they are not at risk. People who rent properties may not be aware of their flood risk as it may not be disclosed by the owner or they may not know the history of the area. Frequency/Probability There have been 47 recorded flooding events in Miami -Dade County since 2015, aver- aging out to approximately six and a half per year. Each flooding event lasted for multiple days. As a result of sea level rise, flooding from just high tide events is becoming more common and has even caused the National Weather Service to issue a coastal flood warning from a 2013 high tide event in Miami -Dade. A warmer atmosphere holds more water vapor and, therefore, can result in heavier and more long-lasting rainfall events. The expected global pattern is for arid areas to get drier and moist areas to get wetter. Where precipitation is enhanced, strong storms are ex- pected to get stronger with the result that rainfall events with a given recurrence fre- quency, e.g. the 25-year storm, will happen more often. September 2025 P1-90 Mlam i-Dade Daunts. Hurricanes and Tropical Storms Description Part 1: The Strategy A tropical cyclone is a collection of weather systems classified by the varying wind speeds and intensities, including tropical depression, tropical storm, and hurricane. Tropical weather systems form over subtropical or tropical waters with lowered pressure and the combination of wind circulation at the center. A tropical depression is a weather system with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained surface winds between 23 mph — 38 mph. A tropical storm develops from a tropical depression, and has a well-defined surface circulation and maximum sustained surface winds of 39 mph — 73 mph. A hurricane develops from a tropical storm. The term hurricane is used for tropical cy- clones in the Northern Hemisphere and east of the International Dateline. A hurricane is a weather system with well-defined surface circulation and maximum sustained surface winds of 74 mph or higher. Hurricanes are considered one of the most damaging and deadly weather events that occur in the United States, with violent winds, waves reaching heights of 40 feet, torrential rains, and flooding. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) there are an average 11 tropical storms that form over the Atlantic Ocean, Car- ibbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico regions each year, and on average 6 of the tropical storms develop into hurricanes. The United States experiences a hurricane strike on land about once every year and a half. The strike zone can potentially extend anywhere from Maine to South Texas. Hurricanes are classified according to the strength of the winds using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The scale is a ranking system from 1 — 5, with 5 being the most severe. The scale also provides examples of the type of damage and impacts in the United States. It is important to recognize that the Saffir-Simpson scale is solely based on wind speed, and not storm surge. The following table shows the Saffir-Simpson Scale: September 2025 P1-91 Nam I -Dade Caunly TABLE 6A-34 SAFFIR-SIMPSON SCALE Part 1: The Strategy Category ° Tropical E Depression '9 r Tropical Storm eL g E in Sustained Winds Criteria 38 mph or A tropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using less the U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 knots (38 mph or 62 kmlhr_) or less_ A tropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using 39-73 mph the U.S_ 1-minute average) ranges from 34 knots (39 mph or 63 km/hr.) to 63 knots (13 mph or 118 krnihr_) Category 1 74-95 mph Very dangerous winds will produce some damage: Well -constructed frame homes could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding, and gutters_ Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled_ Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days_ ;Category 2 Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage: Well-constnicted frame homes could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly 96-110 mph'rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads. Near - total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks_ Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 mph power poles will isolate residential areas_ Power outages will last weeks to possibly months_ Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months_ Catastrophic damage will occur: A high percentage of framed homes will be 157 mph or destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and power higher poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months. Devastatingdamage will occur: Well-built framed homes may incur major 111-129 damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends_ Many trees will be mph snapped or uprooted, blocking numerous roads_ Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes_ Catastrophic damage will occur: Well-built framed homes can sustain severe 130 k56 damage with loss of most cif the roof structure and/or some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles downed. Fallen trees and Source:: National HUrricanfe Center Storm Surge From a hurricane, storm surge is often the greatest threat to life and property along the coast. Storm surge is an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tide. Storm surge is produced when the force of the winds moving around the storm push water towards the shore and this surge can travel several miles inland.31 Predictions for storm surge are made through a variety of means, includ- ing the Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) models. 31 National Hurricane Center, Storm Surge Overview September 2025 P1-92 Part 1: The Strategy Storm surge inundation is modeled in two zones: the high -velocity zone where wave ac- tion and debris can severely damage structures, and farther inland, where the primary concern is flooding as opposed to structural damage. Storm surge can create flooding that can destroy buildings and carry debris miles inland, into canals and rivers, the inter- costal waterways and out to sea. The water can also pool in low-lying areas impeding response and recovery activities. Damages associated with storm surge include but are not limited to: • Extreme flooding in coastal areas • Inundation along rivers and canals • Beach erosion • Undermining of foundations of structures or roadways along the coastline (erosion or scour) • In confined harbors and rivers, severely damaged marinas and boats • Sunken vessels or underwater hazards in navigable waterways Location The entire County is vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms. In 2010 The State of Florida provided new Sea Lake Overland Surge from Hurricanes (SLOSH) data to Miami - Dade County that included higher resolution basin data and grid configurations. Faster computer speeds allowed additional hypothetical storms to be run for creation of the max- imum potential storm surge values for each category of storms. The State also mapped the areas using remote -sensing laser terrain mapping (Light Imaging Detection and Rang- ing) (LIDAR). September 2025 P1-93 ism Part 1: The Strategy iaml-OatlO Coon Cy Figure 5. 50 year return for maximum sustained winds (Left) & Potential storm surge for storms modeled within the Biscayne Bay basin (right) Wind Risk assessment Using HAZUS-MH Fleur. II8: 60 Yoar RWlun Poak Guam Extent FIGURE II.3a SOUTH FLOR4DA RLi3ION STORM TIDE MAP Biscayne Bay Basin The most recent Category 5 hurricane to hit Miami -Dade County was Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The Atlantic hurricane season is June 1 — November 30; the peak of the season is from mid -August to late October. The majority of hurricanes and tropical storms occur during this time period, however storms can form before or after the season. Most hurricanes live no more than a few weeks. They will break apart within a few days upon traveling over cold water or land. Hurricanes and tropical storms can usually be predicted several days before making land- fall. A tropical storm or hurricane watch is issued 48 hours in advance of anticipated onset of tropical storm or hurricane force winds; dangerous conditions are possible within the specified area. A tropical storm or hurricane warning is issued 36 hours in advance of anticipated tropical storm or hurricane force winds; dangerous conditions are expected within the specified area. This advance warning time allows for the community to prepare for the potential event and engage in protective measures to reduce the impact. September 2025 P1-94 Miami -Dade Co...ttY Impact Part 1: The Strategy Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents Because Miami -Dade County has the highest likelihood in the state for being hit by a hurricane, the entire county population is vulnerable. Specifically, mobile/manufactured home residents, electric dependent, functional needs and persons who may not have adequate resources to protect their homes or access to evacuation resources are at greatest risk for this hazard. Visitors and persons who are new to this area may also be more vulnerable as they may not be familiar with what to do in case an evacuation order is given. Prolonged power outages and gas shortages cause additional challenges to businesses and service providers and can disproportionately impact persons who rely upon regular home services such as medical services or food delivery. Consequences related to the public following a hurricane or tropical storm may include: • Temporary/permanent loss of employment/business income, causing an increased need for loans • Temporary loss of water services/utilities, requiring alternate means to address im- mediate needs • Increased need for medical care, causing a potential surge at local hospitals • Temporary/permanent loss of residence, causing an increased need for shelter, short-term or long-term housing Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property The entire built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources, and Building Stock) may be vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms due to wind, rain and/or storm surge damages. Structures that do not have impact resistant features or protection that can be installed may be more vulnerable to winds. Mobile/manufactured homes and high-rise buildings may also be more vulnerable to wind impacts. Coastal areas and areas along canals and rivers, as depicted in the storm surge map, may be more vulnerable to surge. Coastal areas are at greater risk for high velocity surge and erosion. Low lying areas are more vulnerable to flooding if a storm brings a lot of rain. Uprooted trees can cause damages to underground and overhead utilities. Hurricanes and tropical storms may also cause flying debris that cause additional damages. These storms can also impact natural and agricultural resources as well, causing severe coastal erosion and flooding or wind damage to agricultural assets. The extent of debris and infrastructure outages and resto- ration times can complicate and increase response and recovery timelines. Consequences related to essential facilities and property following a hurricane or tropical storm may include: • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households. • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, causing residents to seek shelter). September 2025 P1-95 Part 1: The Strategy Impact to Critical Infrastructure During a hurricane or tropical storm, the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Because the county's entire infrastructure is equally vulnerable, it is important to emphasize that any number of these structures could become damaged during a hurricane or tropical storm. The impacts to these structures include broken, failed, or impassable roadways, broken or failed utility lines (e.g., loss of power or gas to community), and railway failure from broken or impass- able railways. Bridges could fail or become impassable, causing risk to traffic. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a hurricane or tropical storm may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Disruption in the public transportation • Shortage of fuel or other essential materials Impact to Environment Hurricanes and tropical storms play a significant role on the impact of the environment. The strong winds and flooding that this natural hazard produces can uproot plants, harm wildlife, and devastating natural landscape. These storms can damage or destroy energy, chemical, gas facilities, and other businesses that can cause a release of harmful con- taminants. Consequences related to the environment following a hurricane or tropical storm may include • Trees and plants can be uprooted and diseases in the soil are spread, impacting wildlife and their habitat. • Polluted waters cause unsafe drinkable water. • Increased livestock and wildlife mortality rates. September 2025 P1-96 Nam I -Dade County Previous Occurrences Part 1: The Strategy August 2020 —A low pressure system moving across the tropical Atlantic into the eastern Caribbean Sea formed into Tropical Storm Isaias on July 28th. While the system briefly became a hurricane near Great Inagua Island on July 30th, it was downgraded back to a Tropical Storm as it moved over Andros Island on August 1st with a minimum central pressure of 993 mb. Isaias gradually turned to the N-NW and the center passed about 30-40 miles east of the Palm Beach County coast during the morning of August 2nd with a minimum central pressure of 995 mb and maximum sustained winds of 65 to 70 mph. Sustained Tropical Storm force winds were felt across portions of Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami -Dade Counties. Rainfall flooding impacts were minor across South Florida with 2 to 2.6 inches measured mainly across Miami -Dade and Broward counties. Almost 3,000 customers lost power during the event, almost all of them in Palm Beach County. October 2017 — Tropical Storm Philippe was a disorganized storm as it moved across the Florida Straits on October 28th, making landfall in extreme South Florida along the Florida Bay on October 29th as a minimal tropical storm. The storm brought widespread rainfall across all South Florida, with average amounts of 2 to 4 inches across the region. The wind impacts of Philippe were limited to the east coast of South Florida. This storm produced maximum sustained winds generally be- tween 25 and 35 mph across Miami -Dade County on October 28th. A peak gust of 41 mph was measured at Miami International Airport. Minor tree damage was reported across the area, with no significant property damage reported.32 September 2017 — On August 30th, Tropical Storm Irma formed over the eastern Atlan- tic Ocean with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph. As the day progressed, Tropical Storm Irma continued strengthening and was expected to become a hurricane the fol- lowing day. Irma's rapid intensification began in the early morning of August 31 st, when the maximum sustained winds increased from 70 mph to 115 mph in less than 12 hours. Hurricane Irma, now a category 3 storm, continued its track across the Atlantic Ocean, as it headed towards the Leeward Islands. In the afternoon of September 4th, Miami - Dade County was within the 5-day forecast cone of a major hurricane. Due to the po- tentially catastrophic hurricane heading to Miami -Dade County, Miami -Dade DEM initi- ated preparations and activated the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) on Septem- ber 5th. By the evening, Miami -Dade County was within the 3-day forecast cone. In the morning of September 5th, less than 300 miles east of the Leeward Islands, Irma became a category 5 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph. Catastrophic Hurricane Irma reached its peak strength later that day, with maximum sustained winds 32 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events Data- base: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/ September 2025 P1-97 Mlam i-Dade county Part 1: The Strategy of 185 mph. For the next couple of days, Hurricane Irma wreaked havoc in Barbuda, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Anguilla and the Virgin Islands at its peak intensity caus- ing catastrophic damage. Hurricane Irma continued its course through the Caribbean causing widespread damage in Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos, the Bahamas and Cuba. At 11 pm on September 7th, Miami -Dade County was under a Hurricane Warn- ing and Storm Surge Warning. On Sunday, September 10th, category 4 Hurricane Irma made its first Florida landfall at Cudjoe Key in the lower Florida Keys at 9:10am. Hurricane Irma continued its northward track and made its second Florida landfall at Marco Island at 3:35pm as a category 3 hurricane. Widespread wind damage, heavy rainfall and storm surge was reported throughout Miami -Dade County. Hurricane and tropical storm force sustained winds were measured throughout the county and resulted in mostly tree damage. Rainfall amounts from September 9th through September 11th were between 5 and 10 inches. Recorded storm surge on Biscayne Bay (from south of Miami to Homestead) was between 4 and 6 feet, and on the east coast was between 2 and 4 feet. Also, an estimated $255 M in agricultural damage was reported in the county. Hurricane Irma was the first hurricane to make landfall in South Florida since Hurricane Wilma in 2005. October 2016 — In the morning of September 28th, 2016, Tropical Storm Matthew formed over the Windward Islands with a high potential of strengthening. Matthew continued a westward track through the Caribbean and strengthening into a hurricane the next day on September 29th. On the forecast track, Hurricane Matthew would move west followed by a northwest turn and a then continue a northward track through western Haiti and eastern Cuba. On the evening of September 30th, Miami -Dade County was within the 5-day fore- cast cone of Category 5 Hurricane Matthew. Two days later, Miami -Dade County was not within the cone, but Miami -Dade DEM continued to be vigilant due to the storm's track potential to shift west. On Monday, October 3rd, the forecast track took a drastic westward shift putting Miami -Dade County within the 3-day forecast cone of a major hurricane. The following day, Miami -Dade County was under a Tropical Storm Warning. Ultimately, the county was affected by the outside bands of Hurricane Matthew, as it con- tinued its paralleled track along the Florida east coast. Rainfall amounts of up to 1.5 inches were recorded throughout the County. Although, no significant damage was re- ported, Miami -Dade agencies and municipalities estimated $10M for public assistance eligible categories. August 2012 — Tropical Storm Isaac moved across the Florida Keys and Miami -Dade experienced a storm surge measured at 1.3 feet and sustained winds measuring 29 mph at the Miami International Airport. In a 72-hour period portions of the county received between 2-10 inches of rain. Wind damage in southern Florida was minor and mostly limited to downed trees and power lines.33 Approximately 26,000 customers lost power in Miami -Dade. There was no Presidential Declaration for damages within Miami -Dade. 33 National Hurricane Center, Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Isaac (AL092012) September 2025 P1-98 M,$m1-oadeCounty Part 1: The Strategy Miami -Dade agencies and municipalities estimated $5.5 M for public assistance eligible categories.34 October 2012 — Hurricane Sandy never made landfall locally, but paralleled the coast causing coastal erosion with reports of waves up to 10 feet in Miami -Dade. There was no Presidential Declaration for damages within Miami -Dade. It was estimated by the Mi- ami -Dade Regulatory and Economic Resources Department that there was approxi- mately $2M in damages from coastal erosion.35 October 2005 — Hurricane Wilma, made landfall in southwestern Florida on October 24th as a Category 3, crossing Florida in less than 5 hours.36 Wilma caused structural damage from hurricane force winds out to the west and southwest. Widespread light to moderate wind damage was sustained throughout the county. In downtown Miami, numerous high- rise office buildings were severely impacted by hurricane force winds. The Miami Metromover was closed due to falling debris from a neighboring high-rise building. Power outages occurred county -wide for three weeks due to damaged power lines and utility poles. Power losses to service station fuel pumps caused a major but temporary impact on recovery operations. Wind damage to trees and shrubs (native and ornamental) was extensive throughout the county. Ficus trees and Australian Pines sustained most of the tree damage, while palms appeared to fare well. Throughout the Biscayne Bay area there was significant marine damage. Many boats were blown up into bulkheads, docks, and overpasses. Some vessels were freed from their moorings and deposited hundreds of feet from where they were originally docked. The Port of Miami sustained damage to roughly 2,000 feet of bulkheads and a cruise terminal lost a section of its roof. The Sunny Isles Marina dry storage facility collapsed, damaging close to 300 vessels. Numerous docks and pilings throughout the county were severely damaged by the battering of ves- sels that were moored to them. On the barrier islands, there was sporadic minor to mod- erate wind damage to ocean front high-rise condominiums, low-rise motels, commercial buildings, and single-family dwellings. The typical wind damages were broken windows, damaged hurricane shutters, and minor roofing losses. August 2005 — Hurricane Katrina, made landfall in Miami -Dade County on August 25th Rainfall amounts were excessive across portions of south Miami -Dade County causing flooding of structures, vehicles, crop lands and nurseries. A maximum storm total amount of 16.33 inches, of which 15.10 inches fell in a 24-hour period, was measured by a coop- erative observed in Perrine. Other heavy storm total amounts in south Miami -Dade County included 14.04 inches at Homestead Air Reserve Base, 12.25 inches near Florida City and 11.13 inches near Cutler Ridge. Most of the remainder of metropolitan Miami - Dade County generally received rain amounts of two to four inches. Total damage in south Florida was estimated at around $100 million. Between 100 and 200 houses suf- fered significant damage, mainly in south Miami -Dade County due to flooding. Wind 34 Miami -Dade County EOC Activation Archive 35 Miami -Dade County EOC Activation Archive 36 National Hurricane Center, Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Wilma September 2025 P1-99 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy damage was mainly to vegetation, signs, and watercraft. Winds and flooding combined caused an estimated $423 million in losses to agriculture and nurseries. A total of six persons are known to have died directly because of the winds and water, all in Miami - Dade County. Three of those were associated with drowning, two on boats and one under unknown circumstances. August 1992 — Hurricane Andrew, which was reclassified as a Category 5 in 2002, made landfall in Miami -Dade County on August 24th, 1992. Damage was estimated at $25 bil- lion, with 25,524 homes destroyed and 101,241 damaged. 90% of all mobile homes in the southern portion of the county were destroyed. The Miami Herald reported $.5 billion losses for boats. The powerful seas extensively damaged offshore structures, including the artificial reef system.37 TABLE 6A-42 PRESIDENTIALLY DECLARED HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM EVENTS IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY Disaster Type Disaster Number Title Incident Begin Date Declaration Date Incident End Date Disaster Close Out Date DR 209 HURRICANE BETSY 9/14/1965 9/14/1965 9/14/1965 5/18/1967 DR 955 HURRICANE ANDREW 8/24/1992 8/24/1992 8/25/1992 5/5/2009 EM 3131 HURRICANE GRORGES 3143 HURRICANE FLOYD EMER GENCY DECLARATIONS 9/25/1998 9/14/1999 9/25/1998 9/14/1999 10/2/1998 9/16/1999 5/5/2009 5/15/2012 EM DR 1306 FL -HURRICANE IRENE-DR-REQ 10/14/1999 10/20/1999 10/24/1999 EM 3150 TROPICAL STORM IRENE 10/14/1999 10/15/1999 10/19/1999 4/26/2010 DR 1539 TROPICAL STORM BONNIE AND HURRICANE CHARLEY 8/11/2004 8/13/2004 8/30/2004 DR 1545 HURRICANE FRANCES 9/3/2004 9/4/2004 10/8/2004 DR 1561 HURRICANE JEANNE 9/24/2004 9/26/2004 11/17/2004 DR 1602 HURRICANE KATRINA 8/24/2005 8/28/2005 9/6/2005 EM EM 3220 HURRICANE KATRINA EVACUA- ITION 9/5/2005 10/1/2005 7/3/2012 EM 3259 TROPICAL STORM RITA 9/18/2005 9/20/2005 10/23/2005 DR 1609 HURRICANE WILMA '0/23/2005 10/24/2005 11/18/2005 EM 3377 HURRICANE MATHEW 10/3/2016 10/6/2016 10/19/2016 DR 4337 HURRICANE IRMA 9/4/2017 9/10/2017 10/18/2017 EM 3385 HURRICANE IRMA 9/4/2017 9/5/2017 10/18/2017 EM 3419 HURRICANE DORIAN 8/28/2019 8/30/2019 9/9/2019 37 National Hurricane Center, Preliminary Report Hurricane Andrew September 2025 P1-100 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Disaster Type EM DR DR DR Disaster Number Title 3533 HURRICANE ISAIAS 4680 HURRICANE NICOLE 4673 HURRICANE IAN 4834 HURRICANE MILTON Incident Begin Date 7/31/2020 F11 /7/2022 1 9/23/2022 10/5/2024 Declaration Date 8/1/2020 12/13/2022 9/29/2022 10/11/2024 Incident End Date 8/4/2020 Disaster Close Out Date 11 /30/2022 F1 / 4 / 2 0 2 2 11/2/2024 Source: data.gov, FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a high overall vulnerability to hurricanes. HuiricanelTrapical Category Stan Vulnerability' Risk. Social {People, etc.) Spec a.i Populations 'Vulnerable r-:gh Cultural Conditions Socioeconomic Conditions Somewhai Vulnerable Medium Vulnerable High Physical iProperty, etc.) Critical Infrastructure Key Resources Somewhat Vulnerable Vulnerable Medium High Building Stock Vulnerable Hagh Community ConditionsEnvironmental (Environment. Operations. etc.) Economic Conditions Vulnerable High Social Condittons Vulnerable High Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Governmental Conditions (inc. Operations) Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Insurance Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Community. Organizations. Vulnerable P:!lh *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The entire built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources, and Building Stock) may be vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms due to wind, rain and/or storm surge damages. Structures that do not have impact resistant features or protection that can be installed may be more vulnerable to winds. Homes that were built under older building codes and standards may be more vulnerable to wind damages. Per the HAZUS con- ducted by the State of Florida in 2018, Miami -Dade has the following physical vulnerabil- ities. HAZUS estimates that in 2019 there are 575,844 buildings in the region which have an aggregate total replacement value of $21 3 billion. Table 8 presents the relative distribu- tion of value with respect to the general types of occupancies. September 2025 P1-101 Nam I -Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Coastal areas and areas along canals and rivers, as depicted in the storm surge map, are more vulnerable to surge. Coastal areas are at greater risk for high velocity surge and erosion. Low lying areas are more vulnerable to flooding if a storm brings significant rainfall. Uprooted trees can cause damage to underground and overhead utilities. Hur- ricanes and tropical storms may also cause flying debris that cause additional damage. These storms can also impact natural and agricultural resources as well, causing severe coastal erosion and flooding or wind damage to agricultural assets. The extent of debris and infrastructure outages and restoration times can complicate and increase response and recovery timelines. Part 5 provides tables that show how many Commercial, Indus- trial, Residential and Other types of structures are within Storm Surge Planning Zones. TABLE 8. BUILDING EXPOSURE BY OCCUPANCY TYPE Occupancy Exposure ($1,000) Percent of Total Residential 140,918,020 66.1% Commercial 36,916,484 17.3% Industrial 2,273,279 1.1% Agricultural 905,243 0.4% Religious 2,731,747 1.3% Government 20,608,864 9.7% Education 8,935,765 4.2% Total 213,289,402 100.0% Essential Facility Inventory For essential facilities, there are 38 hospitals in the region with a total bed capacity of 10,829 beds. There are 512 schools, 109 fire stations, 67 police stations and 6 emer- gency operation facilities.38 Mobile/Manufactured Homes There are currently 59 mobile home parks within Miami -Dade County. On an annual basis the Miami -Dade County Office of Emergency Management assesses these sites. This assessment verifies their location and the total number of mobile homes are on -site. TABLE 9. MOBILE HOME PARKS IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY39 NAME ADDRESS CITY ZIP CODE PHONE TOTAL UNITS TYPE All Star 36th Street Mobile 3010 NW 36 ST Miami -Dade 33142 305-557-1122 53 MHP 38 2018 HAZUS Report for Miami -Dade County 39 Miami -Dade DEM 2019 Mobile Home List September 2025 P1-102 Mlami-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy NAME ADDRESS CITY ZIP CODE PHONE TOTAL UNITS TYPE Americana Village Mobile Home Park 19800 SW 180TH AVE Miami -Dade 33187 305-253-6025 525 MHP Aquarius Mobile Home Park 451 SE 8TH ST Homestead 33030 305-248-9383 190 MHP Biscayne Breeze Trailer Park 11380 BIS- CAYNE BLVD Miami -Dade 33181 786-220-7482 61 MHP Blue Belle Trailer Park 3586 NW 41ST ST Miami -Dade 33142 305-635-1755 150 MHP Boardwalk Mobile Home Park 100 NE 6TH AVE Homestead 33030 305-248-2487 166 MHP Carleys Mobile Home Park 4111 NW 37TH AVE Miami -Dade 33142 305-315-8311 70 MHP Cocowalk Estates Trailer Park 220 NE 12TH AVE Homestead 33030 305-246-5867 218 MHP Colonial Acres Mo- bile Home Park 9674 NW 10TH AVE Miami -Dade 33150 305-696-6231 296 MHP Courtly Manor Mo- bile Home Park 12401 W OKEECHOBEE RD Hialeah Gar - dens 33018 305-821-1400 525 MHP Gables Trailer Park 825 SW 44TH AVE Miami -Dade 33134 305-903-2000 95 MHP Gateway Estates Mobile Home Park 35250 SW 177TH CT Miami -Dade 33034 305-247-8500 222 MHP Gateway West Mobile Home Park 35303 SW 180TH AVE Miami -Dade 33034 305-246-5867 120 MHP Gator Park RV Campground 24050 SW 8TH ST Miami -Dade 33194 305-559-2255 30 RV Goldcoaster Mo- bile Home Park 34850 SW 187TH AVE Homestead 33034 305-248-5462 547 MHP Hibiscus Trailer Park 3131 W 16TH AVE Hialeah 33012 305-755-3942 34 MHP Highland Village Park Mobile Home Park 13621 HIGH- LANDS DR North Miami Beach 33181 305-948-2928 500 MHP Holiday Acres Mo- bile Home Park 1401 W 29TH ST Hialeah 33012 305-822-4611 84 MHP Homestead Trailer Park 31 SE 2ND RD Homestead 33030 305-247-4021 50 MHP Honey Hill Mobile Home Park 4955 NW 199TH ST Miami -Dade 33055 305-625-9255 438 MHP J Bar J Trailer Ranch 2980 NW 79TH ST Miami -Dade 33147 305-691-2432 99 MHP Jones Fishing Camp Trailer Park 14601 NW 185TH ST Miami -Dade 33018 954-536-7400 52 MHP Larry and Penny Thompson Memo- rial Park 12451 SW 184TH ST Miami -Dade 33177 305-232-1049 240 RV Lil' Abner Mobile Home Park 11239 NW 4TH TER Sweetwater 33172 305-221-7174 908 MHP September 2025 P1-103 Mlami-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy NAME ADDRESS CITY ZIP CODE PHONE TOTAL UNITS TYPE Little River Mobile Home Park 215 NW 79th ST Miami -Dade 33150 786-766-9385 76 MHP Medley Lakeside Mobile Home Park 10601 NW 105TH WAY Medley 33178 305-888-3322 86 MHP Medley Mobile Home Park, 8181 NW SOUTH RIVER DR Medley 33166 305-885-7070 206 MHP Miami Everglades Campground 20675 SW 162ND AVE Miami -Dade 33187 305-233-5300 330 RV Miami Heights Mo- bile Home Park 3520 NW 79TH ST Miami -Dade 33147 305-691-2969 140 MHP Miami Soar Mobile Home Park 8202 NW Mi- ami CT Miami -Dade 33150 754-465-5410 352 MHP Palm Garden Mo- bile Home Park 28501 SW 152ND AVE Miami -Dade 33033 305-247-8915 275 MHP Palm Garden RV Park 28300 SW 147TH AVE Miami -Dade 33033 305-247-8915 39 RV Palm Lake Mobile Home Park 7600 NW 27TH AVE Miami -Dade 33147 305-696-1920 118 MHP Palmetto Estates Mobile Home Park 3205 W 16TH AVE Hialeah 33012 754-219-9217 95 RV Princetonian Mo- bile Home Park 12900 SW 253RD TER Miami -Dade 33032 305-257-3251 200 MHP Redlands Mobile Home Park 17360 SW 232ND ST Miami -Dade 33170 305-247-7707 80 MHP Riviera Mobile Home Park 19900 NW 37TH AVE Miami Gardens 33055 305-624-5888 162 MHP Rovell Trailer Park 939 NW 81ST ST Miami -Dade 33150 305-586-7045 138 MHP Royal Country Trailer Park 5555 NW 202ND TER Miami Gardens 33055 305-621-2270 864 MHP Royal Duke Trailer Park 3620 NW 30TH AVE Miami -Dade 33142 786-719-8990 99 MHP Shady Oaks Mo- bile Home Park 14701 NE 6TH AVE Miami -Dade 33161 305-507-7528 25 MHP Silver Court Trailer Park 3170 SW 8TH ST Miami 33135 305-649-8941 236 MHP Silver Palm Place Mobile Home Park 17350 SW 232ND ST Miami -Dade 33170 941-202-1484 112 MHP Sixth Ave Trailer Park 14752 NE 6TH AVE Miami -Dade 33161 305-582-0867 22 MHP Southern Comfort RV Resort 345 E PALM DR Florida City 33034 305-248-6909 300 RV Sunnyside Trailer Park 6024 SW 8TH ST West Miami 33144 305-266-1727 105 MHP University Lakes Mobile Home Park 12850 SW 14TH ST Miami -Dade 33184 305-226-4251 1153 MHP Westhaven Court Mobile Home Park 6020 SW 8TH ST West Miami 33144 305-903-4791 21 MHP September 2025 P1-104 Mlami-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy NAME ADDRESS CITY ZIP CODE PHONE TOTAL UNITS TYPE Westland Mobile Home Park 1175 NW 79TH ST Miami -Dade 33150 305-557-1122 114 MHP Wynken Blynken And Nod Mobile Home Park 2775 W OKEE- CHOBEE RD Hialeah 33010 305-887-6570 186 MHP Social Vulnerabilities Mobile/manufactured home residents, electric dependent, functional needs and persons who may not have adequate resources to protect their homes or access to evacuation resources are at greatest risk for this hazard. Visitors and persons who are new to this area may also be more vulnerable as they may not be familiar with what to do in case an evacuation order is given. Prolonged power outages and gas shortages cause additional challenges to businesses and service providers and can disproportionately impact per- sons whom rely upon regular home services such as medical services or food delivery. Frequency/Probability In the past 100 years, there have been approximately 340 hurricanes that have impacted the coast of Florida. Of these hurricanes, 70 have impacted Miami -Dade County. Miami - Dade County has a 1 out of 6 chance of being hit by a hurricane, the highest likelihood in the state. Florida not only leads the nation in number of hurricanes making landfall, but also the severity of those storms. Since 2015, there have been 4 Tropical Storms, 17 Tropical Depressions, and 2 Storm Surge incidents recorded in Miami -Dade County. This averaged out to approximately 4 and a half per year. Each hurricane and tropical storm event lasted for up to 2 to 6 days. September 2025 P1-105 aMlaf11I-Dade Cdent Saltwater Intrusion Description According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), saltwater intrusion is a generic term referring to an influx of saltwater through various path- ways into an aquifer. The South Florida Water Manage- ment District defines it as chlo- ride concentrations exceeding drinking water standards of 250 mg/1. Saltwater Intrusion is a major threat to the freshwater resources of the coastal areas in southeastern Florida. There are three primary mech- anisms by which saltwater con- taminates the freshwater reser- voir in the unconfined, surficial aquifers of the region: (1) en- croachment of saltwater from the ocean along the base of the aquifer; (2) infiltration of saltwa- ter from coastal saltwater man- grove marshes: and (3) the flow of saltwater inland through canals where it leaked into the aquifer. Part 1: The Strategy „- ' 9099' 9C?2C' :I 1 aanw..xu -- €XPIANAMNJN Saliwrter agersea EA ehnegee yep!- II 1111 c{ILNT, _ I'• -�ya+a lDE Area ti historic al Sant la ekage ed eenre of selnreser Erorn EsmaM 1 44 y COUNTY ,\� •. G3vG5 EstaTed ream ealorerter trout mci Area et meentcenelleakege lardwerrt revision or xalh ater Crud 36r11 Gesmard rersior of saewarer hor G-�6 !rimmed hy...notar.. aF 1995 I I RC Helicerr.,arefecbn. SIc santey rea AParoxiisale Meet is MI I. !J — ofrahaeer ,QC .fiary A =uTi inr,ert — App imee DIsefarater ire196, 'Y i _ I - 4 ld EC, .rherE data are InrAiniurl ,-,,,,a Well lacer ow6er f —> r '.y Iy J-y 1 h G- 3,209 1.-'G-ICN L.- I 4L-.1j i A _ `� fJ i � Ti.� sass E'LaRIDA I l a t4rOity 1 f:kVat I I ♦� I &Me d hvn#9-anDrle CCersy S'in& r..x�-^ - ride Water re-- - Igk{riJ:F eel 51S.^�1 =sral al eta, Ieiew.1 , Tel aeMaarnrpoWtn.are 17H. NA883 J = 1G MIE:S Saltwater intrusion has been a concern in Miami -Dade County since the early 1930s. The USGS has been monitoring saltwater intrusion in the county since 1939. The salt front was mapped in 1995 and again in 2011 (Prinos et al, 2014). Miami -Dade County is vul- nerable to saltwater intrusion because the county "has low land -surface altitude and a low topographic gradient and is bordered to the east and south by sources of saltwater in the Atlantic Ocean, Biscayne Bay, and Florida Bay" (Prinos et al, 2014). The limestone be- neath Miami -Dade is part of the unconfined, shallow and highly transmissive Biscayne Aquifer, and is highly vulnerable to contaminants, especially saltwater, along coastal ar- eas and canals. The inland movement of the saltwater interface into the Biscayne Aquifer is primarily due to the drainage of the Everglades by the canal system, which began in the early 20th century to make way for development, agriculture, and flood control (Leach et al, 1972), September 2025 P1-106 Mlam i-Dade Canty Part 1: The Strategy however other mechanisms also come into play including: "the upconing of relict or resid- ual saltwater that had been incorporated in relatively impermeable sediments during pre- vious sea -level high stands occurring during interglacial periods; the gradual encroach- ment of saltwater from the ocean along the base of the aquifer resulting from reductions in freshwater head relative to sea level rise; and the infiltration of saltwater from coastal saltwater mangrove marshes" (Prinos et al, 2014). The combined effects of natural and human factors are resulting in a diminishing freshwater supply and threatening the habit- ability of this region. The Biscayne Aquifer supplies 99% of all groundwater withdrawn in Miami -Dade County to support the county's growing population (Marella, 2009). As the population in Miami - Dade County grew in the 1970s and 1980s, groundwater withdrawals increased. How- ever, beginning in the 1990s, groundwater withdrawals maintained at a constant level even as the population grew. Since the mid-2000s, Miami -Dade County's population has continued to grow but groundwater withdrawals have actually decreased. This may be due to stricter water use policies that were enacted in May 2007 when water levels in Lake Okeechobee reached record lows. Location The salt front is the farthest inland extent of saltwater intrusion in the aquifer. As show in Map 6A-40 on the next two pages, the salt front is not equally intruding along the coast of Miami -Dade County. September 2025 P1-107 Nam I -Dade calmly Map 6A-40 LL Sli.y %11. nA 1}F. ii1hl e Part 1: The Strategy EXPLANATION Apgrexreart aalingexeern or solemner - 1� -- 1445 2011 Lines are dashed where information ass insuffident far an ae.coraae. mate • Tins -domain eractrdraagaelic aeieni icge e U.S.Geoenyieal5urray4rorrdwaOer- lene I mealrarlar' well Warne-1.anrral ar salinity-ee/anal ffiaWlae Salinity reoalicrlag aline b aryaninaliaa r Flonda iLeys. Ageethiet Authority a EA, Enganeersrg. Inc. U.S. Geological Survey • 6d1am1Aada c:arerrry Pernnmrtg. FrnironrnerdaL end Rego! Moira Minim September 2025 P1-108 4E% i/lami•Drrda County 3-10611, 5 11 Boor 'Kra l.4arv.Deoe Canty. Scull Florian Mier Maragamorr and Ll .fa s-xyral Srsvar kitildaEallnrvar3al 594EVasc MMreamr atorailk Iona 17N, HAD 131 5u ie r.,ev 25 Map 6A-40 FPLTurnee Poim Rawer Plano 5KIUJMETERS 2.5 51%, It F lade.#'rcr f aun 'EMU Nw.1O F. Part 1: The Strategy G2Ei51£DI1..MW mq-E4I V Gann _ .. ICDM-uW.Smil Sec l 4Yi R1 111 FL. USi15-ei • . y d i 1J:.1' IA 63 ® f Map 6A-40: Locations of salinity monitoring sites, time -domain electromagnetic soundings, groundwater - level monitoring wells, and the mapped approximations of the inland extent of saltwater in the Biscayne aquifer in Miami -Dade and southern Broward Counties in 1955, 1995, and 2011.40 40 USGS Origins and Delineation of Saltwater Intrusion in the Biscayne Aquifer and Changes in the Distri- bution of Saltwater in Miami -Dade County, Florida: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/pdf/sir2014- 5025.pdf September 2025 P1-109 Nam I -Dade Caunly ze•oo'a10r 215,45'06- 26r$10'flU 2b 15' . Part 1: The Strategy MAP 6A-41 SALINITY AND CHLORIDE DATA fN M1AMI-DADE COUNTY 130'24-00- o�os oo� G -33.73 0 F . 1E G -32.39 B .36C1ill G 45111 6 •5131IE G -316Z G -1203 Fit •a7cz G van p 4i$7 G :t36S a a616 es4 -9E1! -1 94#.0 -3404i G -3501 G -125P 6 -7.2u. -1.6132. 4..1160 a -1W01 CPC CANAL 121 AT 5-16-c uF idl €LORI13k ore, PL ri8ST ri14MWA'1' CREEK NMI k,lOME61 w9, FL .; SGS GcDigrarp ik IS 5: Rtarlxanr1canal Roawiti wurl Irigkrway.5 Cinwrrt++ bvnluinrie. Sahli:Iyr irInorir [dull (2CD41) F.stLnudrd Ern 11 0 0 ;M1S a -Me G .1177 areas 7,6)7 5 1E F6 20 IAILE4 I _= - 1 . Q 5 tp 13 24 9UuOMETERS EXPLANATION arltuidc cnumirrati. n rM}wirctl to 14-1 5 }r rs of reccol [:Jpm-Av: mvcasirscW ride aalueq Nri crow: ;table Lftk+di4w valutii ) Iralfficitnt 1ciforrarEon available to corn klrge atailsics L.esftlracl aeclilorilfr Q' ,Sri 4o ! ALG [ tgl7- ffischladide Gnat:rrUyarl LTC.i gAA as,:lilc:TAO. Chloride dew from selected Bites in Miami -Dade Co4+nty. ROWS, Modal PROVISIONAL DATA, as of AlIOGI 31, 21112 Sniaae: USGS, Scutt? Florida Water Management District' September 2025 P1-110 Mlami-Dade Cov.ttV Extent Part 1: The Strategy According to a 2011 USGS study, approximately 1,200 square kilometers of the main- land Biscayne aquifer has been intruded by salt water, however this intrusion has not been equally distributed around the county, with some areas experiencing increased in- trusion and others receding salinity levels. Increased saltwater intrusion occurs most often during April or early May when water levels are typically at their lowest in Miami - Dade County. Additionally, there is a close correspondence between drought and salt- water intrusion (Prinos et al, 2014). Since the 2011 USGS study, the saltwater inface continued to move inland and an up- dated map produced in 2016 depicts the approximate inland extent of saltwater at the base of the Biscayne aquifer. Miami -Dade County and the USGS are working together to monitor the saltwater intrusion extent inland along the east part of the county in order to be able to timely and effectively respond as needed. Impact Miami -Dade County is vulnerable to saltwater intrusion because the county "has low land -surface alti- tude and a low topographic gradient and is bordered to the east and south by sources of saltwater in the Atlantic Ocean, Biscayne Bay, and Florida Bay" (Prinos et al, 2014). Saltwater intrusion can affect the freshwater supply throughout the county dependent on the magnitude of intrusion. This hazard typically does not af- fect essential facilities or critical in- frastructure and other properties, however it may impact the amount and types of water control struc- tures in the area to prevent saltwa- ter intrusion. Impact to Environment According to the EPA, saltwater in- trusion can and may diminish drink- ing water sources. Saltwater Salt Water Intrusion = Canal September 2025 P1-111 Mlam i-Dade county Part 1: The Strategy intrusion can lead to groundwater degradation, causing water utilities to increase water treatment. Consequences related to the environment following saltwater intrusion may include: • The hazard may diminish the availability or quality of water sources for drinking water. Previous Occurrences Saltwater intrusion has been monitored by the USGS since 1939. Per the USGS "in 1904 (prior to any human -induced drainage), the saltwater interface was estimated to be at or near the coast because of the very high-water levels which occurred naturally in the Ev- erglades. Freshwater was reported to seep from the Biscayne aquifer offshore into Bis- cayne Bay in sufficient quantities to be used as a supply of freshwater for ships. Begin- ning in 1909 with the extension of the Miami River and continuing through the 1930's, construction of drainage canals (with no control structures) and pumpage from coastal well fields resulted in the lowering of water levels in the Biscayne aquifer, thereby inducing the inland movement of saltwater into the aquifer. Additionally, seawater driven by tides flowed inland in the drainage canals, resulting in the seepage of saltwater into the Bis- cayne aquifer from the canals. By 1946, salinity -control structures had been installed in all primary canals as far seaward as possible. These controls prevented saltwater driven by tidal changes from moving upstream in the canals beyond the controls. The controls also served to backup freshwater which maintained higher water levels in the Biscayne aquifer near the coastline. These water levels are higher than those that occurred during the period of uncontrolled drainage. The inland migration of saltwater in northern Miami - Dade County slowed or reversed in some areas because of the effects of these controls on water levels. In the early 1960's, the existing canal system in southern Miami -Dade County was ex- panded to provide flood control. The canals were equipped with flow -regulation structures both near the coast and inland, allowing water levels to be stepped down from structure to structure to prevent excessive drainage. However, the design and operation of this system lowered freshwater levels in the Biscayne aquifer, especially near the coast, al- lowing for the inland movement of saltwater during the drought years of 1970 and 1971. In 1976, additional water was routed to southern Miami -Dade County, raising water levels along the coast and slowing or reversing the inland movement of the saltwater interface. Since 1984, additional events have occurred which have affected water levels in the Bis- cayne aquifer and, hence, the movement of the saltwater interface. Among these events are the initial operation of the Northwest Well Field and a consequent reduction in pump- ing from the Hialeah -Miami Springs Well Field, expansion of the Southwest Well Field, and changes in the delivery schedule of water to southern Dade County and Everglades National Park. Future changes in water levels might occur as a result of changes in the September 2025 P1-112 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy management of the ecosystem of south Florida. These changes will be based on the results of studies being conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey South Florida Ecosystem Program and other studies. Per the USGS paper referenced previously, "some saltwater likely leaked from canals prior to the installation of water control structures. Near the Miami Canal northwest of the water control structure S-26, this saltwater is gradually mixing with the groundwater and salinity is gradually decreasing. Modern leakage of saltwater likely is occurring along the Card Sound Road canal and upstream of salinity control structures in the Biscayne, Black Creek and Snapper Creek Canals. Saltwater also may have leaked from the Princeton Canal and the canal adjacent to well G-3698, although this leakage could not be con- firmed or refuted with available information." To better understand the saltwater infiltration through the canals, the USGS in cooperation with Miami -Dade, continues monitoring the salinity collecting data from canals, before, during and after weather events. There are known and documented peaks of saltwater moving in and out through the canals due to strong whether events. The graph below represents a USGS study done on the Black Creek Canal, which clearly shows peaks in salinity after two storms. Overarching Goal of Data Collection and Interpretation Improve understanding of saltwater migration up canals and its influence on salinity in the Biscayne Aquifer Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a medium overall vulnerability to saltwater intrusion. September 2025 P1-113 Miami -Dade Cnn,akty Part 1: The Strategy Saltwater Inatruaion Categiory Vulnerability Rink Social (People. etc.) Special Populations Somewhat °u near;+ Medium Cultural Conditions Socioeconomic Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Minimally Vulnerable Low Low Physical iPrnperty, etc.) Critical Infrastructure Key {Resources Minimally Vulnerable Low Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Building -Stock Minimally Vulnerable Low CommunitySocial Conditions (Envirornien#. Operations, etc.) Economic Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Condil:orts Minimally Vulnerable Low Environmental conditions Vulnerable Medium Governmental Conditions line. € peralians) Minunaily Vulnerable Low Insurance Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Community Organizations Minimally Vulnerable Low *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The eastern part of Miami -Dade County is most vulnerable; however the salt front is not equally intruding along the coast of Miami -Dade County. The SFWMD has identified "Utilities at Risk" for salt water intrusion, which include utilities with well fields near the saltwater/freshwater interface that do not have an inland well field, have not developed adequate alternative sources of water, and have limited ability to meet user needs through interconnects with other utilities; and "Utilities of Concern", which include utilities having well fields near the saltwater/freshwater interface, the ability to shift pumps to an inland well field, or an alternative source that is not impacted by the drought (SFWMD, 2007). Miami -Dade WASD well fields included as "Utility at Risk" are South Miami -Dade Well fields (Newton, Elevated Tank, Naranja, Leisure City, Roberta Hunter Park and Caribbean Park). MDWASD Utilities of Concern include the North and Central Miami -Dade Well fields (Hialeah -Preston and Alexander Orr). Well fields are at risk and as such protection areas have been delineated and are moni- tored. Saltwater intrusion can impact the rates at which groundwater is pumped to sup- ply drinking water supplies and may require deeper wells to be drilled. Agricultural crops may be impacted by the salinity levels. Saltwater intrusion can also displace the fresh groundwater thereby impacting the water -table elevations in urban areas levels that could increase localized flooding. Social Vulnerabilities This hazard does not tend to affect one population over another. September 2025 P1-114 Mlam i-Dade County Frequency/Probability Part 1: The Strategy Since 2016, the inland extent of saltwater at the base of the Biscayne aquifer continues to move inland. Increased saltwater intrusion occurs most often during April or early May when water levels are typically at their lowest in Miami -Dade County. September 2025 P1-115 Mlam i-Dade Daunts. Sea Level Rise Description Part 1: The Strategy Sea Level Rise refers to the increase currently observed in the average Global Sea Level Trend, which is primarily attributed to changes in ocean volume due to two factors: ice melt and thermal expansion. Melting of glaciers and continental ice masses, such as the Greenland ice sheet, which are linked to changes in atmospheric temperature, can con- tribute significant amounts of freshwater input to the Earth's oceans. Additionally, a steady increase in global atmospheric temperature creates an expansion of saline sea water (i.e., salt water) molecules (called thermal expansion), thereby increasing ocean volume. Sea level rise is occurring due to three main factors, all of which are occurring due to global climate change: • Thermal Expansion: As with all water, when the ocean heats up, it expands. About 50% of the sea level rise in the past 100 years is because the ocean is warmer, and therefore takes up more space. • Glacier and Polar Ice Cap Melting: Although glaciers and polar ice caps naturally melt a little each summer, they usually regain lost area during the winter. How- ever, warmer winters have meant less opportunity to regrow this ice, resulting in more melted water remaining in the oceans, contributing to sea level rise. • Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Loss: Similar to what is happening with glaciers and the polar ice cap, the huge ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica are melting. Sea level rise hazards include: • Increased risk of high tide flooding in coastal areas. According to NOAA, the na- tional annual high tide flooding frequency reached four days on average in 2022, equaling the previous year and just shy of the record of five days set in 2018. High tide flooding is now rising and/or accelerating at nearly all NOAA tide gauge loca- tions.41 • Tropical systems may become stronger because of climate change. This could lead to increased storm surge and wave heights during hurricanes. As South Florida drainage systems are gravity based and reliant upon the ability of South Florida Wa- ter Management District to release water from the canals into the bay this could compromise the ability to drain low-lying interior areas. • Higher storm surge, increased evacuation areas, reduced shelter capabilities and increased evacuation time frames. • Destruction of natural resource habitats that could impact ecosystems and agricul- ture and challenge the adaptive capabilities of flora and fauna. 41 High Tide Flooding: https://coast. noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/recurrent-tidal-flooding.html September 2025 P1-116 Mlam i-Dade Daunty Part 1: The Strategy • Increased potential for saltwater intrusion. If saltwater migrates farther inland, higher salinity could impair both ground and surface water, affecting ecosystems, agricultural land and the Biscayne Aquifer, the primary source of drinking water for Southeast Florida. • Impacts on the growth and productivity of crops. Prolonged periods of drought, se- vere weather or potential for saltwater intrusion could negatively impact the local ag- ricultural economy. • Increased shoreline erosion and inundation of land. Increased sea levels can lead to increased shoreline erosion from intense storms and higher storm surges. • Loss of infrastructure and existing development. As sea level continues to rise, deeper water near the shore will translate to higher storm surge, faster flow, higher waves, greater hydro -dynamic pressure, and wave impact loads on buildings near the shoreline which may increase infrastructure damage. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sea level is rising faster in cer- tain parts of the world due to natural events such as wind patterns, ocean currents, and other factors. Florida, particularly Southeast Florida, is vulnerable to sea level rise given its extensive shoreline and low elevation. The so-called "relative sea level" that is meas- ured by a tide gauge at a particular location, is a function of both changes in the elevation of the sea's surface due to changes in the volume of water in the ocean (eustatic sea level) and vertical movement of the land upon which the tide gauge sits due to subsidence or tectonic movement of the earth's crust. Based on past and current emissions, all projection curves assume a growing greenhouse gas emission concentration scenario, in which emissions continue to increase until the end of the century, consistent with the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report's (AR5) Repre- sentative Concentration Pathways (RCP 8.5). Estimates of sea level rise are provided from a baseline year of 2000, and the planning horizon has been extended to 2120, in response to the release of climate scenarios extending beyond the year 2100 by federal agencies (NOAA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and the need for planning for infrastructure with design lives greater than 50 years. In the short-term, sea -level rise is projected to be 10 to 17 inches by 2040 and 21 to 54 inches by 2070 (above the 2000 mean sea level in Key West, Florida). In the long-term, sea -level rise is projected to be 40 to 136 inches by 2120. Projected sea level rise, es- pecially beyond 2070, has a significant range of variation because of uncertainty in future greenhouse gas emissions reduction efforts and resulting geophysical effects. In 2021, Miami -Dade County published its first Sea Level Rise Strategy outlining adapta- tion approaches, key actions, summary of impacts, and local and regional projects ad- dressing increased flood risk.42 42Miami-Dade County Sea Level Rise Strategy: https://miami-dade-county-sea-level-rise-strategy-draft- mdc.hub.arcgis.com/ September 2025 P1-117 Miami -Dade County Location Part 1: The Strategy The entire County is being affected by rising sea levels. Low-lying areas, both urban and undeveloped wetland areas, are being impacted. The potential extent of impact is widest in the Southern portion of the County, but all areas, including inland areas, are being impacted by changing water levels. MAP 6A-42 1-FOOT SEA LEVEL RISE IN FdlIAMI-DARE COUNTY Possible Mere Likely Source. Marni-Dade Canty Local litigation St ategy/Sotrlheasf Raids Regiafraf Chrpale Change Cc pace` September 2025 P1-118 Mlami-Dade Cov.ttV Extent Part 1: The Strategy According to the IPCC, the sea level rise gradually rose in the 20th century and has been rising at an increased rate in the 21st century. According to the World Resources Insti- tute, the sea level in South Florida has increased by 12 inches since 1870. By 2100, greenhouse gas concentrations are predicted to reach levels greater than or equal to those observed during the last interglacial period when sea levels were between 13.1' and 19.7' higher than present levels (Rhode Island, 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan). Rising sea levels, coupled with potentially higher hurricane wind speeds, rainfall inten- sity, and storm surges are expected to have a significant impact on coastal communi- ties. More intense heat waves may mean more heat -related illnesses, droughts, and wildfires. As climate science has evolved and improved, compared to past updates this plan considers climate change as a parameter in the ranking or scoring of natural haz- ards and respective mitigation actions rankings. If sea levels rise by just 16 inches, flood damages in port cities around the world could cost one trillion dollars per year. In a recent National Geographic publication (see Map below), the cost to Miami in 2050 if an extreme weather event overwhelmed the city's sea level rise defenses would be the most expensive of all coastal urban areas in the world at $278 billion. The Miami metropolitan region has the greatest amount of exposed finan- cial assets and 4th-largest population vulnerable to sea level rise in the world. The only other cities with a higher combined (financial assets and population) risk are Hong Kong and Calcutta. The county alone has more people living less than 4 feet above sea level than any state in the nation except Florida itself and Louisiana (Broward County's popu- lation is comparable as well). September 2025 P1-119 Mlam i-Dade Deadly Part 1: The Strategy 7 UsaI -KObe tl. Shanghai 5. Hong Kong 1I5. I-1r.. Cni Mors C.ily 'M1 LOSSES IN 2060 IF AN EXTREME WEATHER EVENT OVERWHELMS SEA -LEVEL -RISE DEFENSES OF URBAN AREAS` TOP 10 COASTAL URBAN AREAS Miami 3270 billwnr GDanw/iOt1 26,9 New V -Newark 209 Nosy Orsams 101 1400g Kong 140 Mornhai (damn y) 132 POPULATION DENSITY Na`zE1lr`lia'w p1 PF.' I wh5iwfxAl ,. rl.s;:'tI Mlt4{4M4A•a-AD7,ead'MAUVEn 'S1iunyrwl 100 eV 41 MGM :WO 1YM J ADA ams7;;xd m 96 7llr't ,1 W,tfiadt aelt, El +11_ High. Inw ti#rp Cu.411:>':Daawl Hn Oak .kh Cagy 5.5 Mnns than S140 hllk Yi ST0 bllllon la 5140 I:l41on .$47 DIllIOn lQ 6(IJ ❑HN6n 6175 b3llon ha 635 b011on i ess than S17.5 hlllwon New Yqk-Newark MlEtriil Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents Sea level rise can affect an entire population in the county. Because sea level rise is so encompassing and long-term, this hazard has the potential to affect major changes in the county, and not only the few populations identified here. Certain population groups may be impacted and/or more vulnerable based on location/proximity to the incident or other social vulnerability conditions. Homeowners would be at greater risk if they own a home in a low elevation area. Home- owners would lose their home or have trouble selling their home knowing it lies in a low elevation area and will most likely experience the direct impacts of sea level rise. Because of sea level rise, county residents would have to move to a location above sea level, those who are part of the low-income/poor community may be unable to afford housing. Consequences related to the public following severe sea level rise impact over time may include • Temporary/permanent loss of residence, causing an increased need for shelter, short-term or long-term housing. September 2025 P1-120 Mlam I -Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property All essential facilities are vulnerable to a one -foot sea level depth scenario. As mentioned above, a portion of the properties at Homestead Air Reserve Base, the Turkey Point Nu- clear Power Plant, and the Cutler Power Plant are at elevations below sea level. Most of these potentially inundated areas on these properties are existing storm water manage- ment ponds and ditches and the cooling canals at Turkey Point. The cooling canal system at Turkey Point is extremely critical to the function and safety of the plant and additional analysis is necessary in order to fully understand potential impacts to all components of the facility. Building Inventory: Impacts to buildings within the county can be expected due to saltwa- ter corrosion over time which could lead to possible loss of the entire building. Consequences related to essential facilities and property following sea level rise may include: • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, causing residents to seek shelter). • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households. Impact to Critical Infrastructure Due to sea level rise, the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges, dependent on the sea level rise depth. Because the county's entire infrastructure is equally vulnerable, it is important to emphasize that any number of these structures could become damaged by sea level rise over time. Consequences related to critical infrastructure sea level rise impact may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Disruption in the public transportation • Shortage of fuel or other essential materials Impact to Environment Sea level rise can impact the environment dependent on the sea level rise depth. As stated earlier, under a one -foot sea level rise scenario, 12% of the county is impacted with conservation lands being the major land use type inundated. At the two -foot sce- nario, 16% of the land is impacted with agricultural lands added to the conservation lands. At the three-foot scenario, 18% of the total land mass of the county is impacted including inland areas around the Northwest Municipal Drinking Water Well field. Low lying inland areas like the well field are more likely subject to future drainage issue associated with rain events rather than saltwater impacts. In terms of acres inundated, wetland hardwood forest (mangrove) and vegetated non -forested wetlands are among the major habitats im pacted. Consequences related to the environmental impacts of sea level rise may include: September 2025 P1-121 Mart, 1-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy • Trees and plants can be uprooted and diseases in the soil are spread, impacting wildlife and their habitat. • Marine plant and animal habitats may be impacted. • Wetland hardwood forest (mangrove) and vegetated non -forested wetlands are among the major habitats impacted. Previous Occurrences Since sea level rise happens gradually over long periods of time, there are not specific incidents to highlight in this section. Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a high overall vulnerability to sea level rise. Sea Level Category Rise Vulnerability' Risk' Social (People. etc.) Special Populations Vulnerable High Cultural Conditions Socioeconomic Gcnditions Sarnewhai Vulnerable High High Vulnerable Physical Property. etc,) Critical Infrastructure Key Resources Vulnerable Vulnerable High High Building Stock Vulnerable High CommunitySocial Conditions ;Environment. Operations. etc,( Economic Conditions Vulnerable High ConditionsSorneivhatVulnerable Environmental Conditions Governmental Candiii�ns fine_ Operations) High Somewhat Vulnerable High Insurance Conditions Vulnerable High Community. Organizations Minimally Vulnerable Medium *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources, and Building Stock) and natural environment are vulnerable to sea level rise and though some preliminary map- ping shows southern portions of the county at highest risk there is risk to other portions as well. Coastal communities, such as Miami Beach, have already begun to experience sunny day flooding in relation to high and king tides that limit the gravitational drainage that drains to the bay. Additional mapping is being done to determine all areas that may be at risk. September 2025 P1-122 Part 1: The Strategy Social Vulnerabilities Homeowners would be at greater risk if they own a home in a low elevation area. Home- owners would lose their home, or have trouble selling their home knowing it lies in a low elevation area and will most likely experience the direct impacts of sea level rise. Due to the effects of sea level rise, county residents would have to move to a location above sea level, and those who are part of the low-income/poor community may be unable to afford housing. Although not exhaustive, the following is a list of potential social populations that may be more heavily affected by this hazard than other groups. For more information on the different categories indicated here, please refer to their respective sections in the Vulner- ability Index & Assessment: • Low-Income/Poor • Homeownership Analysis of Physical Features Ports and Airports One area determined by the group to be critical is Homestead Air Reserve Base. The County has already met with planners developing the long-term use of the base and pro- vided input on sea level rise. Opa-Locka West is vulnerable, but this airport is only a landing strip used for training and so is not considered critical. Below are tables that rep- resent the area that may be below mean high -high water sea level with a 1-, 2-, or 3-feet sea level rise. September 2025 P1-123 Part 1: The Strategy MAP 16A-9€ SEAPORTS AND ARPOHTS VULNERABILITY TO SEA LEVEL RISE Same' Pdia, CaadeGamyLwal ildiffigkOn Shag Rearttsa Cartpan September 2025 P1-124 Mlam i-Dade County 1-Foot Sea Level Rise Part 1: The Strategy Facility Name More Likely Possible Total !nun- dation Total Area of Facility (Acres) Percent In - undation Homestead General Aviation 0 4.92 4.92 770.71 0.6% Kendall-Tamiami 22.86 2.37 25.23 1,428.48 1.8% Miami International 36.01 2.38 38.39 2,731.06 1.4% Opa Locka Executive 16.87 4.71 21.58 1,640.89 1.3% Opa Locka West 12.08 1.46 13.54 412.03 3.3% Port of Miami (Seaport) 0.61 0.16 0.77 534.5 0.1 Port of Miami (River Port) 2.32 1.26 3.58 136.23 2.6% USA Homestead Air Base 195.43 80.4 275.83 1,970.96 14.0% 2-Feet Sea Level Rise Facility Name More Likely Possible Total In- undation Total Area of Facility (Acres) Percent In - undation Homestead General Aviation 5.6 0.66 6.25 770.71 0.8% Kendall-Tamiami 26.87 1.6 28.47 1,428.48 2.0% Miami International 42.34 5.63 47.97 2,731.06 1.8% Opa Locka Executive 30.58 15.93 46.51 1,640.89 2.8% Opa Locka West 24.2 68.55 92.75 412.03 22.5% Port of Miami (Seaport) 0.89 0.22 1.11 534.5 0.2% Port of Miami (River Port) 4.63 3.61 8.24 136.23 6.0% USA Homestead Air Base 327.73 119.27 447 1,970.96 22.7% 3-Feet Sea Level Rise Facility Name More Likely Possible Total !nun- dation Total Area of Facility (Acres) Percent In - undation Homestead General Aviation 6.58 0.83 7.41 770.71 1.0% Kendall-Tamiami 31.01 2.82 33.83 1,428.48 2.4% Miami International 57.47 24.24 81.71 2,731.06 3.0% Opa Locka Executive 65.51 76.22 141.73 1,640.89 8.6% Opa Locka West 212.09 96.59 308.68 412.03 74.9% Port of Miami (Seaport) 1.63 0.5 2.13 534.5 0.4% Port of Miami (River Port) 14.73 11.47 26.2 136.23 19.2% USA Homestead Air Base 573.64 202.52 776.16 1,970.96 39.4% September 2025 P1-125 Miami -Dade covoty Part 1: The Strategy Power Plants Miami -Dade County has one nuclear power and one coal generation power plant. The generation facilities are not directly impacted. This data below includes impact to the Tur- key Point Nuclear Power Plant cooling canals, the coastal wetlands at the Cutler Plant, and some scattered power transfer stations throughout western Miami -Dade County. Power PIant More Likely (ac-res} Possible (acres) Tot& Inundation (acres} Total Area of Facility (Acres) Percent lnuncllation 1-foot Sea Level Rise 4,812 247 5,059 7,228_77 70% 2-foot Sea Level Rise 5,259 233 5,492 7,228.77 7 i% 3-foot Sea Level Rise 5,707 233 5.940 7,228_77 82% Railroads Railroads did not seem to be particularly affected, perhaps because most of the rail beds in Miami -Dade County are elevated above the road and surrounding surfaces. The im- pact reported is limited to FEC Railroad in the northeast coast of Miami -Dade County and to the portion of the CSX railroad serving the rock mine lakes along NW 12 ST in the western portion of the County. This data is reported in miles. FEC id COX Railroads More Likely ( miles) Possible ( miles) Total Inundation ['milesE Total Length of FaiI (miles} Percent Inundation 1-foot Sea Level Rise 0_7.1 0_09 0.8 320.9 0.1%, 2-foot Sea Level Rise 0.91 0_23 1 320_9 0.4 3-foot Sea Level Rise 1_65 0_ 9 2 320_9 0.7%, September 2025 P1-126 1 M lam, -Dade county Part 1: The Strategy Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants Miami -Dade has three major water and three major wastewater treatment plants within the County boundary. The analysis was performed by land use category as provided by the Department of Planning and Zoning. The results, therefore, do not include the names of the facilities, only the area possibly or more likely affected by the inundation scenario. Since this original analysis was completed Miami -Dade County Water and Sewer Depart- ment has invested significantly in understanding the vulnerability of their assets and in- vesting in protecting them from future flooding. Water Treatment Plants More Likely (acres) Possible (acres} Total Inundation lacres4 Total Area within Land Use Category [acres, Percent inundation 1-foot Sea Level Rise £.38 0.16 D.54 210_37 0_ '65: 2-foot Sea level Rise i_85 0_64 1.49 2/0_37 0.71 ` 3-foot lea Level Rise 2.58 1.5 4.18 210.37 1.99 : Wastewater Treatment Plants More Likely (acres, Possible acres} Total Inundation {acres, Total Area within Land Use Category ,acres} Percent Inundation 1-Boot Sea Leven Rise 11.1 5.-32 16.42 4E0_14 3.57% 2-foot Sea Level Rise 19.91 6.15 26.06 460.14 5.66% 3-foot Sea Level Rise 36.47 8.33 44.8 460.14 9.58 Landfills Inundation for all levels of sea level rise were primarily in areas surrounding landfills. The South Dade Landfill, Munisport, and Dade Recycling are surrounded by low-lying areas. Below ground components such as leachate collection systems will also be impacted by sea level rise. South Dade Landfill, Munisport. & Dade Recycling More LikeI r (acres) Possible 1.- r res] Total Inundation l acres} 1-fcot Sea Level Rise 154 80 234 2-foot Sea Level Rise 266. 33 299 3-Foot Sea Level Rise 3:33 50 363 September 2025 P1-127 Part 1: The Strategy Hospitals No hospitals in Unincorporated Miami -Dade County were projected to be permanently inundated by 3 feet of sea level rise. Of the 34 total hospitals within the county bounda- ries, only three hospitals were affected in municipalities in the 3-foot sea level rise sce- nario. • Selected Specialty Hospital, 955 NW 3rd ST, City of Miami, 33128 • Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, City of Miami Beach, 33140 • South Beach Community Hospital, 630 Alton Road, City of Miami Beach, 33139 Schools No schools in Unincorporated Miami -Dade County were projected to be permanently in- undated by sea level rise of 3 feet. Only three of the 867 schools were affected in munic- ipalities in the 3-foot sea level rise scenario. However, more specific survey information on all affected schools, such as elevation certificates and topographic survey is needed to determine if those would be impacted. • Student Services & Attendance, 489 East Drive, Miami Springs 33166 • School Board Administrative —Annex, 1500 Biscayne Boulevard, Miami 33132 • Biscayne Elementary, 800 77th Street, Miami Beach 33141 Emergency Evacuation Centers None of the 69 emergency evacuation centers in Miami -Dade County were impacted.43 However, more specific survey information and finished floor elevation certificates on all shelters are needed to determine actual impacts. 43 2020 Florida Emergency Shelter Plan September 2025 P1-128 Mlsm i-Dane county MAP 6A-47 VULNERABILITY CF EMERGENCY SHELTERS TO SEA LEVEL RISE puree. tmamtiraue I.:o llyLrQ+car rot -Ligation atsgyiservreasf Harraa negrarrat earvnrate +.:havrge 1;011?pact Part 1: The Strategy Evacuation Routes Miami -Dade County determined there are at most four miles of evacuation routes that would be permanently inundated by a three-foot rise in sea levels. These routes are designed to provide service in a 100-year storm. US1 Overseas Highway to the Florida Keys and the Rickenbacker Causeway to Key Biscayne have been improved. The con- cern for the evacuation routes is flooding of the local access roads leading to them. September 2025 P1-129 Nam I -Dade Caunly Part 1: The Strategy MAP 6A-48 VULNERABILITY OF EVACUATION ROUTES TO SEA LEVEL RISE Eaacuaty i Routes L kc Irt10lifulk7giion IiruitS Weed rruMa1lon !Mt r I afnal rrundalion IRnis Sauce: Mla w-Dade CountyLocal Mitigation SfratesgyiSotelfread Florida Regional Climate Change Compact September 2025 P1-130 Part 1: The Strategy Marinas Marine facilities were analyzed using land use category maps provided by the Department of Planning and Zoning. Marine complexes and marine commercial land uses were com- bined. All marina facilities are located on or next to water features, east of all salinity control structures to give easy access to the ocean. The assumption is that all will be affected in some way, although the extent is only estimated by this current analysis. It is assumed that those docks with fixed infrastructure will be inundated while floating docks will rise with sea levels. Pvimary Evaeuat n Route Inundation P ❑ 1 Foot Emergency /unagarnsnt Jltte'71VrAW lLrvlldade OLNkCia1 peeeI la a 3T.a ne L#]Y Marine Facilities Total Inundation roues) 1-fool Sea Level Rise 31 ?-foot Sea Level Rise 75 3-fmot Sea Level Rise 150 September 2025 P1-131 Miami -Dade Ca.&y Part 1: The Strategy Results of Analysis Geographic analysis was done based on the following criteria: • Miles of road by Florida Department of Transportation category • Future Land Use • Habitat/Land Use Land Cover Taxable Value of Property Miami -Dade County has chosen not to estimate the taxable value of potentially impacted property until such time as the mapping and analytical methods are more robust. Miami - Dade, through the Stormwater Master Planning Process, has determined that the current assessment tools probably underestimate potential impacts. Roads by FDOT Category Roadways are summarized by Functional Class in miles. High volume categories include sections of roadway where bridges were removed from the LiDAR data and represented bare earth rather than the actual roadways. 1-Foot Sea Level Rise — Assumption: 50% Percent J reundation = Whole Segment Affected Functional Claw Total inundation f Mi1es) Total Coverage M impeacted) 1— hi®JZ volume, maximum speed 3 — high screed; charnels traffic to FC1 4 3 — high speed, Jcawer mobility, connect 5 to FC2. 3 4 — moderate speed, through neighborhoods 62 5 — tow tiFel urn e, i.e. access roads, parking lanes Not assessed Total 71 2-Fci-ot Sea Level Rise — Assumption. 50% Percent Inundation = Whole Segment Affected Furtctir l Mass Total' inundation (Miles). Total C:�erage (% impacted) 1— high volume, maximum speed 6 3% "' — high speed, channels traffic to FC1 11 3 — high spee d,'lower mobility, connects 10 FC2 8 4 — moderate speed, through neighborhoods 232 5 — low volume, r. e. access roads, parking lanes Not assessed Total 257 September 2025 P1-132 Part 1: The Strategy 3 Foot Sea Level Rene — Assumption: 50% Percent Inundator' = Whole Segment Affected tundra Class Total InundationTotal ( Miles] Coverage (% segments impacted] 1— high volume„ ma Xirrlurn speed 12 _i8 2 — high speed, di a nnels traffic to FC1 26_33 3 — high speed, lower mobility, connects to FC2 21_22 4—moderate speed, through neighborhoods 4 _21 5—low volume, r_.e_access roads, parting lanes Not assessed Total, 555.94 Frequency/Probability According to the World Resources Institute, the sea level in South Florida has increased by 12 inches since 1870. Miami -Dade County continues to experience sea level rise, see projection below from the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact 2019. 200 g180 J O rw 160 w } 140 j @ 120 i a m 100 EE w 0 80 vi'— 60 m m 40 e 20 0 Unified Sea Level Rise Projection (Southeast Ftonda Regional Climate Change Compact, 2019) Year IPCC Median (inches) NOAA Intermediate NOAA High High [inches) inches] .. — 2040 10 17 21 54 2070 21 40 2120 Observed 5-Year Average Mean Sea Level 40 92 136 50 Year Planning Hnrizon 10 �4 21 175 NOAA Extreme • 92 NOAA Intermediate High 40 IPCC Median 1590 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120 Year September 2025 P1-133 Miami -Dade Counts. Severe Storm Description Part 1: The Strategy Severe storms often combine several meteorological events, including lightning, hail, tor- nadoes, and flooding. Each of these are covered in their own hazard profile. This profile will focus on what qualifies as a thunderstorm and heavy rain. A thunderstorm is a meteorological event generated by atmospheric imbalance and tur- bulence caused by unstable warm air that rises rapidly, heavy moisture, and upward lift of air currents that can bring a combination of heavy rains, strong winds, hail, thunder, lightning, and tornadoes. The National Weather Service classifies a severe storm as a thunderstorm that can pro- duce 1 inch or larger hail, wind gusts greater than 58 mph and/or a tornado. Although lightning and/or excessive rainfall may occur during a severe thunderstorm and have se- vere consequences, these are not considered primary elements of a severe thunder- storm. Severe thunderstorms, flood threats and lightning are handled through difference sets of warnings and watches by the National Weather Service. Types of thunderstorms: • Single -cell storm: Grow and die within an hour; brief heavy rain and lightning • Multi -cell storm: Individual cells last 30-60 minutes, but the entire storm may last for hours; may produce hail, strong winds, brief tornadoes, and flooding • Squall Line: Group of storms in a line that passes quickly, with high winds and heavy rain • Supercell: Highly organized storm that lasts for more than an hour; produces the most violent tornadoes • Bow Echo: Squall line that bows outward • Mesoscale Convective System (MCS): Collection of thunderstorms that act as a system, can last more than 12 hours • Mesoscale Convective Complex: Long lived cluster of showers and thunder- storms • Mesoscale Convective Vortex: MCS with low pressure center that pulls winds into vortex pattern • Derecho: Long lived windstorm with rapidly moving band of showers or thunder- storms; can produce as much damage as a tornado, but the damage is all in one direction (straight line wind damage) There are an average of 72 thunderstorm days in the Miami -Dade County area, accord- ing to the monitor at the Miami International Airport. Thunderstorms are most frequent September 2025 P1-134 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy during July and August when afternoon storms are a near daily experience. Severe thunderstorms and lightning strikes are traditionally responsible for the most frequent damage in Miami -Dade County. Windstorm damage resulting from downbursts and squall lines frequently knock down trees and power lines. Location While the entire county and all of its participating jurisdictions are vulnerable to severe storms, the effects of flooding would be felt more along our coastal areas, low-lying areas, Biscayne Bay and Miami River areas, as well as any inland areas with poor drainage. Refer to the flooding hazard section for maps that show specific areas prone to flooding, buildings per jurisdiction in FEMA flood zones. Refer to the hurricanes hazard section for a list of mobile park homes that would also be locations of severe impact due to winds associated with severe storms. Extent The intensity of a severe storm can range from moderate to high levels depending on amount of rainfall, wind speed, and occurrence of hail or lightning. Severe storms, as reported by the local NWS office, may have lightning and/or hail ranging from none to high. These scales are depicted below. Severe storms become more dangerous when any of these factors are high, and especially when multiple factors combine due to poten- tial damages. Lightning Mintrt "to lightning Isolated th ur*derstr, ms 4-24% coverage) pcca bie moderateScatlered thunderstorms (2'3-50% =a.re:•agei pc+as,hte Numerous ;o widespread thundersicrma C -104% edverage? oass:ve Hail Legend T4bene- Na haii S ,git -Iai smakrer than a quarter oossatre. 4kacireralt Severe hail, quarter ws g l;�all-sized ;1 tp ?-3,t'4 ,nch} posstle. Sign,1 r°t severe tsar, 2 inch or 3rgair pasyh=_ For rainfall scale of severity, refer to the chart titled Miami Dade County Action Levels on pg. 66. As a general wind speed scale, the county and local NWS office uses the Beaufort Wind Scale provided below. September 2025 P1-135 Part 1: The Strategy Beaufort Wind Scale Legend tf,r.e ' kind Cr.24 mph s<rSlairnec arec r gusts e4 38 mph Slant rl'lbw! sustained. 2iV r2l mph anor gust 40-57 mud Possible? Damaging wind sustained 40-73 mph Marierase and?Dc gust 53 mob or greater* Hurricane force i 4+ mph} hinds CIS0e. The most expensive severe storm to take place in Miami -Dade County occurred in 1995 and left $5 million in damages. Only 1 person has been killed and 4 injured in heavy rain and thunderstorm wind events, according to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Thunderstorms are most likely during the spring and summer months, in the afternoon and evening, however they can occur year-round and at all hours. Winter thunderstorms are rare, but they do occur when conditions are right. Most thunderstorms last around an hour, but some can last for several hours. The dura- tion depends on the type of storm, as described above. There are over 16 million thunderstorms worldwide each year. At any given time, there are about 2,000 thunderstorms happening around the world. There are about 10,000 severe thunderstorms each year in the U.S. Many thunderstorm aspects, including flood- ing, lightning and hail, are very dangerous, and are described further in their respective hazard profiles. September 2025 P1-136 Part 1: The Strategy Annual Mean Thunderstorm Days (1993-2018) Days _ 94h 1® 2t.1c96- 45, lest 63+1172i 102t 111911 - 911.1e f06 L. _J 0..9 _ 13.In]d '1 .I 36.1.1,5_ :1.10611 72•6"" 2a.lo33 >1R8 AnnuaE number o1 tnurlde etorm days in the U.$. from tLoehl3er, Thomas !^ 2019, C3leud.to--Gmend t+ghkrmg flash Oens.ty and The ndecstcam Day €hatrihutiwx over the Contiguous States L7eneed Item NLDN Measurements_ 19g3-LQ1a_ Under reu*Qw at Monthly Wpattkor Review. Used by permission Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents A severe storm would affect an entire population within the area most severely, but power outages and street closures have the potential to impact many more. Because severe storms are categorized as having winds more than 58 mph, those most at risk from severe storms include people living in mobile homes, campgrounds, and other dwellings without secure foundations or basements. The disabled population are also considered to be most vulnerable because of the lack of mobility to escape the impacted area. Additionally, those residents who are electric dependent are vulnerable as severe storms tend to cause power outages. Consequences related to the public following a severe storm may include: • Increased need for medical care, causing a potential surge at local hospitals. • Temporary/permanent loss of residence, causing an increased need for shelter, short-term or long-term housing. • Temporary/permanent loss of transportation, causing a need for replacement or al- ternative forms of transportation. • Temporary/permanent loss of employment/business income, causing an increased need for loans. • Temporary loss of services/utilities, requiring alternate means to address immediate needs. Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property All essential facilities and buildings are vulnerable to severe storms. An essential facility will encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction. These impacts will vary based on the magnitude of the severe storm, but can include September 2025 P1-137 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy structural failure, damaging debris (trees or limbs), roofs blown off, windows broken by debris, hail, high winds, and loss of facility functionality (e.g., a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Consequences related to essential facilities and property following a severe storm may include: • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, causing residents to seek shelter). • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households. Impact to Critical Infrastructure During a severe storm, the entire built environment is vulnerable due to wind or rain damage. As mentioned earlier, structures that were built prior to any 1957, before any building codes related to flooding were implemented in Miami -Dade may be at higher risk and buildings built from 1958 to1972 that are considered pre -FIRM may also be at higher risk. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a severe storm may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Disruption in the public transportation Impact to Environment Agricultural areas are vulnerable to heavy rains which may flood the farmlands. Flooding of farmlands may lead to a decrease in crop yielding. Severe storms can also cause water contamination, impacting local flora and fauna. If a high wind hits power lines or causes gas leaks, fires or contamination can also result. Consequences related to the environment following a severe storm may include: • Trees and plants can be uprooted and diseases in the soil can spread, impacting wildlife and their habitat. • Crop yielding may substantially decrease dependent on the severity of flooding. Previous Occurrences June 11-13, 2024 —A plume of deep tropical moisture streamed into South Florida during the week of June 10 through 15th as the region remained south of a stationary boundary and near a weak tropical disturbance. Multiple mesoscale convective systems developed to the south of this boundary over Central Florida and gradually pivoted southward into South Florida during the morning and afternoon hours of June 11th, 12th, and 13th, 2024. With a very moist and warm atmospheric composition, rainfall rates were efficient and tropical in nature. Storm total rainfall of up to 20 inches occurred across NE Miami -Dade and SE Broward counties. Flooding from the June 11-13 heavy rainfall and flash flooding event lingered for several days across portions of NE Miami -Dade County. This included September 2025 P1-138 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy neighborhoods across Miami Beach, Miami Shores, North Miami, North Miami Beach, and Aventura. Total damages were estimated at 3.8 million. February 4, 2024 — Due to the combination of a surface low and mid -level impulses, there was development of widespread showers and thunderstorms across South Florida. The first wave of activity moved from southwest Florida into southeast Florida by the late morning hours. With impressive wind shear and sufficient instability, there was a support- ive atmosphere for strong to severe thunderstorms. This led to line activity, which pro- duced damaging straight-line winds and heavy rainfall. Wind damage that began with an overturned semi -tractor trailer near Krome Avenue and SW 104th Street and cut through several areas of The Hammocks, Kendall Lakes, Westchester, and West Miami. There was vegetation damage, which included medium to large downed branches and snapped trees. Wind damage indicated gusts reached an estimated 60 to 70 mph. Property dam- ages amounted to $20,000. April 17, 2023 — A shortwave trough and frontal boundary migrated across south Florida, which including daytime heating, brought multiple strong to severe thunderstorms. Re- ports of large trees down from wind gusts around SE 27th Drive in Homestead. Damages amounted to $10,000. September 1, 2021 — A combination of high pressure sinking southward and Tropical Depression Ida over the Northeast U.S. led the Gulf Sea Breeze inland. The Atlantic Sea Breeze caused strong thunderstorms to develop over parts of South Florida. Reports of fencing blown over and large hardwood tree branches down due to a thunderstorm wind gust. Radar estimated winds were 45 to 50 mph in the area. Property damage amounted to 1.5 million. April 11, 2021 — Strong severe storms produced hail and damaging winds across the east coast metro areas of South Florida. There were reports of downed power lines near SW 187th ST and SW 82nd Ave in Cutler Bay. A total of 63,147 customers lost power during this event. Damages amounted to $2,000. August 24, 2020 — A low pressure system moving across the tropical Atlantic into the Bahamas formed into Tropical Storm Laura near Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. As Laura continued across the northern Caribbean Sea, making landfall along southern Cuba, the outer rain bands extended across the South Florida bringing minor impacts. Tropical Storm force wind gusts reached across Miami -Dade, a few strong enough to become severe gusts. April 30, 2020 —A line of thunderstorms developed over loop current in the Gulf of Mexico ahead of an approaching cold front. As the line progressed eastward, strong daytime heating allowed for an Atlantic Sea breeze to develop across, which resulted in several September 2025 P1-139 Mism1-neeeCOWIN Part 1: The Strategy rounds of thunderstorms that produced damaging wind gusts and hail across South Flor- ida. May 6, 2019 — Thunderstorms caused damage across Miami -Dade County that resulted in downed trees, power poles, fences and street signs. A tractor trailer was also over- turned on the Florida Turnpike. January 23, 2017 — A strong squall line ahead of a cold front produced a tornado near the Palmetto Expressway and NW 48th Street at 3:45am. The tornado continued a north- east track and moved over Miami Springs and the City of Hialeah producing between EF- 0 and EF-1 damage. Damage consisted of an overturned tractor trailer, about 24 empty cargo containers were moved, downed trees and power lines, and damage on roofs. No injuries or fatalities were reported, but 13 families were displaced in Hialeah and required assistance by the American Red Cross. July 18, 2016 — This thunderstorm produced gusty winds which resulted in property dam- age in Cutler Bay. This damage, estimated at $5,000 occurred in the vicinity of SW 200th Street between Old Cutler Road and Cutler Ridge Park. June 18, 2016 — A severe thunderstorm over Miami -Dade County led to wind damage. Power lines, trees, fences, and store signs were knocked down in Westchester. There was also damage in Downtown Miami to furniture being blown off high rise balconies into the streets due to the high winds. February 16, 2016 — On February 15th, a strong squall line developed ahead of a cold front over the Gulf of Mexico and as it moved over the warm waters, it intensified. An unstable environment and strong low level rotation was in place over South Florida ahead of the line. In the overnight hours of February 16th, another squall line developed ahead of the first line. Both of these lines merged over southeast Florida before daybreak. As the squall line moved across Florida, it produced a number of severe thunderstorms throughout. A total of 6 tornadoes were confirmed across southern Florida, including an EF-0 in Northeast Miami -Dade. No injuries or fatalities were reported. June 29, 2015 —Afternoon showers and thunderstorms caused sporadic tree damage in an area from Doral to Florida International University campus, then east to Fontainebleau. A total of 12,940 customers reported power outages in Miami -Dade County. September 2025 P1-140 Mlam i-Dade County Vulnerability Part 1: The Strategy Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a medium overall vulnerability to severe storms. Severe Storms Category Vulnerability' Social (People, etc.) Physical (Property, etc.) Community Conditions (Environment. Operations, etc.) Special Populations Cultural Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable MinimaLry Vulnerable Risk' Medium Low Socioeconomic Conditions Critical Infrastructure Key Resources Building Stock Minimally Vulnerable Low Somewhat Vulnerable Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Economic Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Social Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Environmental Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Governmental Conditions (inc. Operations) Insurance Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Minimally Vulnerable Low Low Community Organizations Minimally Vulnerable Low *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The entire built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources, and Building Stock) may be vulnerable to severe storms due to wind or hail damages. These types of events could cause power outages or some structural damages to mobile/manufactured homes (see Hurricanes/Tropical Storms for a listing), communications towers, or damage trees and overhead utilities. Underground utilities could be impacted if trees topple and uproot these systems. Severe weather may also cause flying debris to cause additional damage. Structures in areas where there have been repetitive losses and no mitigation may also be at higher risk but past flooding events do not necessarily indicate future flooding prob- lems. Areas with ongoing construction or drainage problems may also be at greater risk. Parks and open spaces where people congregate outside are vulnerable to severe weather that may roll in with little notice, this includes coastal beaches, Crandon Park, all County and State parks, large venues such as the Homestead -Miami Speedway, Hard Rock Stadium, and Marlins Park. Social Vulnerabilities People who live in areas prone to flooding and may be uninsured or underinsured are at greatest risk. The cost of insurance may be prohibitive and people who live outside of a flood zone may believe they are not at risk. People who rent properties may not be aware of their flood risk as they may not be disclosed by the owner or they may not know the September 2025 P1-141 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy history of the area. Electric dependent and people living in mobile/manufactured homes may be at greater risk when it occurs in their areas. Frequency/Probability There have been 50 recorded severe storm (heavy rain and thunderstorm wind) events in Miami -Dade County from January 2015 to December 2020, averaging out to approxi- mately ten per year. 41 thunderstorm wind events, and 9 heavy rain events in the past five years. According to the monitor at the Miami International Airport, there is an aver- age of 72 thunderstorm days in the Miami -Dade County area. September 2025 P1-142 Mom i-Dade camitg Tornado Description Part 1: The Strategy Tornadoes are one of nature's most violent storms. A tornado is a violently rotating col- umn of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be more than one mile wide and 50 miles long. Most tornadoes, however, have wind speeds of 112 mph or less. Tornadoes occur as part of strong thunderstorms that develop in unstable atmospheric conditions. The strongest tornadoes form with supercells, rotating thunderstorms with a well-defined radar circulation called a mesocyclone. One in three supercells experience a decent of clouds or funnel cloud. These thunderstorms can also produce damaging hail and severe straight-line winds even without a tornado occurrence. Tornadoes develop under three scenarios: (1) along a squall line ahead of an advancing cold front moving from the north; (2) in connection with thunderstorm squall lines during hot, humid weather; and (3) in the outer portion of a tropical cyclone. Because the tem- perature contrast between air masses is generally less pronounced in the state, torna- does are typically less severe in Florida than in other parts of the country. Florida tornadoes occur in the greatest number during June, July and August. These are typically small, short-lived events that can produce minor damage and seldom take lives. Florida's most deadly tornado outbreaks occur in the spring. Most of the nation's large killer tornadoes tend to occur in the late afternoon and early evening hours, due to the afternoon buildup of heat in the lower atmosphere that lingers into the early nighttime hours. However, Florida is different. Tornado climatology shows that strong to violent tornadoes are just as likely to occur after midnight as they are in the afternoon. This unique feature makes these tornadoes more dangerous, because most people are asleep after midnight and do not receive warnings relayed by commercial radio or television. Waterspouts, tornadoes that occur over bodies of water, are common along the southeast U.S. coast, especially off Southern Florida and the Keys. They are smaller and weaker than the most intense tornadoes, but still can be quite dangerous. Waterspouts can over- turn small boats, damage ships, create significant damage when hitting land, and kill peo- ple. The impact of a tornado is relative to its intensity and location. Even a weak tornado can cause significant damage if it strikes a densely developed area. Comparing Florida to other states that are affected by tornadoes is only a point of reference as it only takes one large tornado or a series of smaller tornadoes to truly devastate a community. The East Central Florida Tornado Outbreak of 22-23 February 1998 clearly demonstrates this fact. In under four hours it caused: almost half the fatalities, 42; close to one -tenth the injuries, September 2025 P1-143 Part 1: The Strategy 260; and almost one -fifth the cost (approximately $100 million) as the preceding statewide totals for tornado damage over a thirty -five-year period. Location The entire county and all of its participating jurisdictions are equally vulnerable to torna- does as they could occur anywhere without regard for jurisdictional boundaries. However, areas with more mobile park homes and more structures built prior to 1957 when Miami - Dade County adopted the South Florida Building Code would have a greater risk to dam- ages from tornadoes. The map below shows mobile home parks in the county. For a list 3047120010070 Frog Cit 5- 3029090010_ 341 Country Club `.' IAMI LAKES �EYO 030 al 3040060012440 Ta.t.rt.3{1 911000s40 g ter pp WEST_ II Westchester ves Estates Go_: EN BEAK AVEN L Y� SLIN�YISL '.'1RTH MFAMI BEAT 362219S 00740 J,17222 OPA-LOCKA R 0040020� Y2�A3�Zd},0w0+ BISCAYNEI�PRRM HIALEAH 3031020000a'•00.�_, ram, • 1i 0:02089 West Lits 031120 9 a 1 OA 1 t�R � lir �NORTH � W estwo od Lakes Kendall West The Hammocks Three Lakes 4nzh 303121 0,0,1,020 180010 MFami I retemetinnal O A+rnnrr 30410801 0010 Mian Sunset - u-r.i Glenvai He,Igh7 Kendall F NEC RE-ni SW 552nd St Paimettc PALhltll MJAMi ARFE Rich 069360000 e" West SElt Miami 069080000090 Heights Cut 306919.0.000151 W 3069260000050 sia 3079040000020 1079180010060 u Ia9MESTEAD 30782601100.I01 r FOR �A C4ITY mune.' Air fionFe Sa. Ith St BA BEACH, BAY VILtLk Miami De September 2025 P1-144 Mlam i-Dade Daunty Part 1: The Strategy of these locations refer to pg.85-88. For the number of buildings per jurisdiction that were built pre-1957, refer to Part 5 pg.24-25. Extent The strongest tornado to affect Miami -Dade County was an EF3 in 1959. Florida has two tornado seasons: summer and spring. The summer tornado season runs from June until September and has the highest frequencies of storm generation, with usual intensities of EFO or EF1 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. This includes those tornadoes associated with land -falling tropical cyclones. These tend to be more common and usually the least de- structive. The spring season, from February through April, is characterized by more powerful tor- nadoes because of the presence of the jet stream. When the jet stream digs south into Florida and is accompanied by a strong cold front and a strong squall line of thunder- storms, the jet stream's high-level winds of 100 to 200 mph often strengthen a thunder- storm into what meteorologists call a "supercell" or "mesocyclone." These powerful storms can move at speeds of 30 to 50 mph, sometimes occur in groups of six or more, and produce dangerous downburst winds, large hail, and usually the deadliest tornadoes. They generally move in an easterly direction. Strong to violent tornadoes in Florida are just as likely to occur after midnight as they are during the afternoon. This unique feature makes Florida tornadoes very dangerous be- cause most people are asleep and do not receive adequate weather warnings. Most tornadoes last less than 10 minutes, however on rare occasions, they can last long enough to affect areas in multiple states (the longest tornado in history was likely an EF5 in 1925, which lasted for 3.5 hours and traveled 219 miles). They often form with little warning; recent reports show there is an average warning time of 13 minutes before tor- nadoes hit. Most tornadoes are below the EF-3 scale. TABLE GA-73 TORNADO STRENGTH Tornado Stren. h % of Tornadoes % of Deaths Lifetime Winds Weak (EF-0 or EF-1) 69° 3% 5-10 minutes < 110 mph Strong (EF-2 or EF-3) 29°1° 27% 20 minutes + 110-205 mph Nfiolent (EF-4 or EF-5) 2% 70% can exceed 1 hour > 205 mph Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Tornado Classifications, Louisville, KY Forecast Office Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale On February 1, 2007, the National Weather Service adopted the "Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale". The EF Scale evaluates and categorizes tornado events by intensity. Both the original Fujita Scale and the EF Scale estimate the intensity of a tornado (3-second gust September 2025 P1-145 Nam i-Dade Cdunty Part 1: The Strategy speed) based on the magnitude of damage. The original scale had a lack of damage indicators and with the increasing standards for buildings, rating of tornadoes was be- coming inconsistent. The EF Scale evaluates tornado damage with a set of 28 indicators (see NOAA website). Each indicator is a structure with a typical damage description for each magnitude of a tornado. TABLE 6A-74 FUJITA VS. ENHANCED FUJITA SCALE Fu°lta Scale F Fastest 1I4- 3 Second Gust Derived EF Scale EF 3 Second Gust G 4 -rational EF Scale EF 3 Second Gust Number Egroni=tunm Number 0 =Cal= Number 0 0 40-72 45-78 65-85 65-85 1 _ 73-112 79-117 7 1 86-109 1 86-110 2 113-157 118-161 2 110-137 2 111-135 3 158-206 162-209 3 138-167 3 136-165 4 207-260 210-261 4 168-199 4 166-200 5 261-318 262-317 5 200-234 5 Over 200 Source: National oceanic and Atmospirenc Administration Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents A tornado would affect the entire population in the tornado's path most severely, but power outages and street closures have the potential to impact many more. Those most at risk from tornadoes include people living in mobile homes, campgrounds, and other dwellings without secure foundations or basements. People in automobiles are also very vulnerable to tornadoes. The elderly, very young, and the physically and mentally hand- icapped are most vulnerable because of the lack of mobility to escape the path of de- struction. Currently, approximately 5.8% and 2.4% of Miami -Dade County residents are under 5 or over 85 years of age, respectively . People who may not understand watches and warnings due to language barriers are also at risk. Approximately 76% of Miami - Dade County residents 5 and over speak a language at home other than English, although basic familiarity with English is likely. Additionally, emergency notifications are translated into Spanish and Haitian Creole. As of 2020, approximately 3,472 people resided in an emergency shelter or were found to be sleeping in places not meant for human habitation, such as on the streets, under a bridge or in a car. Consequences related to the public following a tornado may include: • Increased need for medical care, causing a potential surge at local hospitals. • Temporary/permanent loss of residence, causing an increased need for shelter, short-term or long-term housing. • Temporary/permanent loss of transportation, causing a need for replacement or al- ternative forms of transportation. • Temporary/permanent loss of employment/business income, causing an increased need for loans. September 2025 P1-146 M;am1-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy • Temporary loss of services/utilities, requiring alternate means to address immediate needs. Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property All essential facilities and buildings are vulnerable to tornadoes. An essential facility will encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction. These impacts will vary based on the magnitude of the tornado, but can include structural failure, damaging debris (trees or limbs), roofs blown off, windows broken by debris, hail, high winds, and loss of facility functionality (e.g., a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Consequences related to essential facilities and property following a tornado may include: • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, causing residents to seek shelter). • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households. Impact to Critical Infrastructure During a tornado, the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Because the county's entire infrastructure is equally vulnerable, it is important to emphasize that any number of these structures could become damaged during a tornado. The impacts to these structures include broken, failed, or impassable roadways, broken or failed utility lines (e.g., loss of power or gas to community), and railway failure from broken or impassable railways. Bridges could fail or become impassable, causing risk to traffic. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a tornado may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Disruption in the public transportation • Shortage of fuel or other essential materials Impact to Environment Tornado and high wind events can destroy trees, building, and other important infrastruc- ture. Tornados have been known to kill animals, damage farmland, and disrupt the food chain. Tornados can also cause water contamination, impacting local flora and fauna, not to mention humans. If a high wind or tornado hits power lines or causes gas leaks, fires or contamination can also result. Consequences related to the environment following a tornado may include: • Trees and plants can be uprooted and diseases in the soil are spread, impacting wildlife and their habitat. September 2025 P1-147 Mlam i-Dade County Previous Occurrences Part 1: The Strategy October 9, 2024 — The outer circulation of hurricane Milton began affecting South Flor- ida late on October 8th, with sustained tropical storm force winds spreading across much of the region through the early morning hours of Thursday, October 10th. As a re- sult, a total of 15 tornadoes were recorded across South Florida on Wednesday, Octo- ber 9th, two of these reaching EF-3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. A cluster of small supercells in Florida City and Homestead produced a brief tornado that was able to at- tain EF-1 intensity with estimated maximum winds of 87 mph. While the tornado never produced a tornadic debris signature, it did have a couple instances of gate to gate rota- tion. The tornado had a non -continuous damage path length of 2.93 miles with a maxi- mum width of 75 yards. Most of the damage was characterized by light fence, tree, or yard damage. The worst damage was in Florida City, where several trees were reported down. May 25, 2023 — A thunderstorm produced a short-lived EF-0 tornado in Redland, start- ing around SW 192nd St before traveling south along SW 147th Ave until almost SW 200th St. Several trees were snapped and/or uprooted. A semi tractor trailer was knocked on its side by the tornado near SW 196th St and the driver was injured. Most of the winds along the brief damage path were estimated in the 55-65 mph range, with a peak estimate of 80 mph. Damage amounts were estimated at $50,000. September 27, 2022 — A total of 13 reported tornadoes were spawned by Ian on Tues- day, September 27th and early on Wednesday, September 28th as it was approaching the SW Florida coast. The strongest were outside the boundaries of Miami -Dade County but there was a brief reporting of one in the city of Doral. Several trees were sig- nificantly damaged by a brief tornado next to the city of Doral Police Training complex. Damage to the SE in the Fountainbleau area a few minutes earlier likely came from the same parent storm. August 19, 2020 — A robust, stationary trough over the Gulf of Mexico kept deep south/southwest flow and rich tropical moisture over South Florida. Several short waves rotating around the base of the trough enhanced the showers and thunderstorms that produced a tornado over the Golden Beach area in Miami -Dade from a waterspout and flooding from heavy rainfall. Damage consisted primarily of numerous bro- ken/snapped tree branches, including to a large Sea Grape tree, a couple of newly planted trees toppled, several damaged/twisted metal gates, and tossed lawn/patio fur- niture. Some of the debris ended up in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. Most of the dam- age was confined to ocean -facing homes and properties. One home had water blown in through a set of sliding glass doors due to the force of the wind. This damage is mainly consistent with EF-0 intensity, although one or two spots could have experienced winds close to the EF-1 threshold. January 27, 2019 — Tornado likely began on W 20th Avenue and W 76th Street just east of the Palmetto Expressway, tracking ENE over the Palm Lakes neighborhood of September 2025 P1-148 �xtam i-Dade Counts. Part 1: The Strategy Hialeah. Heaviest damage began a block to the east at the intersection of W 18th Lane and W 76th Street, where two vehicles were overturned. The heavy damage continued at homes in the 1800 block of W 76th Street, where minor roof damage was noted, along with many broken large tree branches, a couple of uprooted trees, awning, and patio damage. The tornado then tracked over a small lake, then over a home at W 16th Court and W 77th Street where a small patio roof was blown across the street. The damage pattern became quite discontinuous and spread -out to the east of W 16th Court, suggesting that the tornadic circulation had lifted. Estimated wind speeds with the section of the tornado from W 18th Lane to W 16th Court is 75-85 mph, in the upper end of the EF-0 range. January 23, 2017 — During the overnight and pre -dawn hours of January 23rd, a powerful squall line well ahead of a cold front over the Gulf of Mexico moved over South Florida. The line of storms resulted in a tornado touching down several times. The tornado first touchdown was near the Palmetto Expressway and NW 48th Street at 3:45 am. It then touched back down on the east side of the Palmetto Expressway, from NW 50th Street to NW 52nd Street between NW 74th and 69th Avenue. The damage in this area included an overturn tractor trailer, about 24 empty cargo containers were moved and an office build- ing sustained minor roof damage. These were EF-0 borderline EF-1 damages (75-85 mph winds). The tornado continued a northeast track and moved into the Miami Springs area with winds most likely in the EF-1 range (90-95 mph). Loss of roof covering material and downed trees was reported in the "Bird District" between Shadow and Ludlum Ave- nue and Falcon and Dove Avenue. As it continued its track through Miami Springs, more damage was recorded east of Hammond Drive to Okeechobee Road where downed power lines and trees were reported. Once it crossed Okeechobee Road and entered into the City of Hialeah it caused EF-1 damage from Red Road to W 2nd Avenue between West 10th and 13th Streets. In this area, four apartment buildings sustained roof damage and although the tornado passed very close to a water plant, it did not sustain any dam- age. The tornado lifted near W 2nd Avenue and W 13th street. 13 families were displaced in Hialeah and required assistance by the American Red Cross. February 16, 2016 — A squall line moving through Florida produced an EF-0 tornado in NE Miami -Dade. The tornado had an intermittent path of about 3.4 miles and affected the areas between NE 191st Street and Ives Dairy Road, from NW 8th Avenue to NE 23rd Avenue. Damage consisted of uprooted trees, several leaning poles and minimal struc- tural damage, including several structures with roof damage. No injuries or fatalities were reported. June 24, 2012 — Golden Beach Police reported a waterspout moving onshore moving north. The path was approximately 0.5 miles, and it was estimated as an EF-0. Beach chairs were tossed about 30 feet in the air and there was damage to trees and a hut. One residence also had damage to a metal gate and trees. The estimated amount of property damage was $10,000. September 2025 P1-149 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy August 14, 2008 — A thunderstorm in Hialeah produced an EF1 tornado with the high- est estimated wind speeds near 90 mph. The tornado damaged eight structures. The estimated property damage was $150,000. March 27, 2003 — An F1 to F2 tornado touched down in East Hialeah, reached maximum intensity in the Brownsville area, and then lifted just before entering Biscayne Bay. The F1 to F2 damage began in an industrial area where several warehouse roofs were dam- aged and several empty semi -tractor trailers were overturned. The tornado then heavily damaged 60 houses in Brownsville. A total of 343 other structures sustained damage, mostly to roofs and windows. Also, several cars were overturned. Total damage esti- mates were around $8 million. Numerous trees, utility poles, and signs were uprooted or knocked down. Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a medium overall vulnerability to tornadoes. Cate Tornado Vulnerability- Risk" Dry Social (People, etc,) Special Populations Cultural Conditions Vulnerable Medium Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Socioeconomic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Physical (Property, etc.) Critical Infrastructure Key Resources Somewhat Vulnerable Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium Building Stock Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Community ConditionsEnvironmental (Environment. Operations, etc.} Economic Conditions Vulnerable Medium Social Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Conditions Governmental Conditions (Inc_ Operations) Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium Vulnerable Insurance Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Communittl Organizations Somewhat Vulnerable Medium *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The entire built environment is vulnerable to tornadoes depending on where it hits (may be directly or indirectly impacted). Mobile and manufactured homes tend to sustain the most damage from a tornado due to their lighter weight building materials. A list of mobile home parks in Miami -Dade is provided in the Hurricane/Tropical Storm section. Unrein- forced concrete buildings and wood structures may be more vulnerable to tornado dam- age. Power lines and trees may be downed or underground utilities may be uprooted when trees topple. September 2025 P1-150 Mlam i-Dade County Social Vulnerabilities Part 1: The Strategy People with disabilities such as decreased vision or hearing may not be aware of the tornado warnings. Electrically dependent individuals may rely on life -sustaining medical equipment and may be at greater risk due to power outages. Frequency/Probability There have been 129 recorded tornadoes in Miami -Dade County since 1950, averaging out to approximately two per year (though the frequency has been less than that over the past five-year period). In addition to tornado events, 67 funnel clouds and approximately the same number of waterspouts are noted for the same period. Wildfire Description Wildfire is defined by the Florida Forest Service (FFS) as any fire that does not meet management objectives or is out of control. Wildfires occur in Florida every year and are part of the natural cycle of Florida's fire -adapted ecosystems. Many of these fires are quickly suppressed before they can damage or destroy property, homes and lives. A wildfire is a naturally occurring event, often ignited by lightning and fueled by grasses, brush, and trees. Wildfires help to control the buildup of woody debris, improve soil con- ditions, reduce weedy and invasive plants, reduce plant disease, and maintain the habitat conditions thus providing a healthy ecosystem. However, as Florida communities grow and expand, they push into wildfire -prone areas, aggravating the delicate ecosystem and increasing the risk of fires. The wildland-urban interface describes the area of transition between non -human inhabited areas and the built environment. According to FEMA, a wildland-urban interface fire is a wildfire in a geographical area where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with wildland or vegetative fuels. An urban- wildland interface fire is typically ignited by human activities including campfires, uncon- trolled burns, smoking, vehicles, trains, equipment use, and arsonists. People start more than four out of every five wildfires, usually through debris burns, arson, or carelessness. Wildfire behavior is based on three primary factors: fuel, topography, and weather. The type and amount of fuel, as well as its burning qualities and level of moisture affect wildfire potential and behavior. Fuel is the most important factor in determining fire behavior in Florida, due to the large amounts of vegetative growth from the long growing season, ample sunshine, and significant annual rainfall. The amount dry woody debris fuel dra- matically increases following a hurricane. Topography affects the movement of air and fire over the ground surface. Slope and terrain can change the rate of speed at which fire travels. Topography is the least important factor in Florida, because of the generally flat layout of the land. Weather affects the probability of wildfire and has a significant effect on its behavior. Temperature, humidity, and wind (both short and long term) affect the severity and duration of wildfires. Weather phenomena such as El Nino and La Nina events further complicate the delicate balance of these three essential components to September 2025 P1-151 mism i-oaae County ?art 1: The Strategy wildfire. The deluge of rainfall that occurs during El Nino events creates excessive veg- etative growth. El Nino is followed by La Nina, which creates drought conditions and excessive heat. As a result, the abundant vegetative growth dies off and provides ample fuel for wildfires. According to the State of Florida Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan, Miami -Dade County is at a medium risk for wildfires and has an estimated annualized loss of $428,000 (resi- dential buildings, commercial buildings, medical buildings, educational buildings, and governmental buildings). Location Wildfires are most likely to occur in the western portions of Miami -Dade County. This area includes the Everglades and the Urban Wildland Interface. WUl interface intermix Source: SILVIS Lab MAP 6A-55 WILDLAND URBAN INTERFACE. 2010 Non-WUI Vegetated No Housing Very Low Density Housing Non -Vegetated or Agriculture Medium and High Density Housing Low and Very Low Housing Density Water September 2025 P1-152 Mlami-Dade Cov.ttV Extent Part 1: The Strategy The most damaging wildfire in Miami -Dade County according to the National Climatic Data Center caused $100,000 in damages (April, 2000). Miami -Dade County is most vulnerable to wildfires during the dry season. Wildfires typi- cally occur during periods of high temperature and drought and are often exacerbated by wind. The Fire Weather Outlook issued by NOAA's National Weather Service is a good source to monitor fire forecasts. Wildfires can last for as long as conditions permit (fuel, heat & oxygen). Wildfires can spread rapidly, traveling up to 14 mph. Factors determining a wildfire's speed of onset include fuel, topography, and weather. Over 100,000 wildfires burn 4-5 million acres in the United States yearly. Wildfires have become increasingly common in recent years and have burned up to 9 million acres in the most destructive years. Florida accounts for 5% of the nation's wildfires each year. Since 1998, more than 15,000 Florida wildfires have burned over one million acres destroying over 750 structures. Flor- ida wildfires are an example of the increasing threat of fires from the urban-wildland in- terface. Forests that rely on wildfires (including the Everglades) have extremely varied ideal time intervals between fire events. Some low -elevation forests ("dry" forests), thrive on fire intervals of 5-20 years. Surface fires can be low to high intensity. Ground and crown fires are often extremely intense. Fires in the Everglades tend to happen annually, with rapid wet -season fires, often started by lightning. Dry -season fires are less common but can be more damaging. Additionally, there seems to be a longer 10-14-year cycle that coincides with global climate condition changes. Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents A wildfire would affect an entire population group and/or more vulnerable population based on location/proximity to the incident or other social vulnerability condition(s). Those most at risk from wildfires include people living in mobile homes, campgrounds, and other dwellings without secure foundations or basements. Low-income families could be living in homes or apartments that are vulnerable to wildfires leading to lose of property or death. Children are more vulnerable to smoke inhalation due to their small body size. The disabled and elderly also have more frail bodies than adults. Currently, approxi- mately 5.8% and 2.4% of Miami -Dade County residents are under 5 or over 85 years of age, respectively. People who may not understand watches and warnings due to September 2025 P1-153 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy language barriers are also at risk. Approximately 76% of Miami -Dade County residents 5 and over speak a language at home other than English, although basic familiarity with English is likely. Additionally, emergency notifications are translated into Spanish and Haitian Creole. The actual consequence of such an incident will be dependent upon the location, duration, scale, magnitude and extent of the incident in addition to the vulnera- bilities and conditions described above. Consequences related to the public following a wildfire may include: • Increased need for medical care, causing a potential surge at local hospitals. • Temporary/permanent loss of residence, causing an increased need for shelter, short-term or long-term housing. • Temporary/permanent loss of employment/business income, causing an increased need for loans. • Temporary/permanent loss of transportation, causing a need for replacement or al- ternative forms of transportation. • Temporary loss of services/utilities, requiring alternate means to address immediate needs. Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property All essential facilities and buildings are vulnerable to wildfire. An essential facility will encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction. These impacts will vary based on location and duration of the wildfire, but can include structural failure, disrupted communications systems, power outage, and loss of facility functionality (e.g., a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a wildfire may include: • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, causing residents to seek shelter). • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as individual households. Impact to Critical Infrastructure All aspects of the built environment are vulnerable to wildfires, especially those within the wildland-urban interface (WUI), or up to 1 mile outside the WUI; approximately 80% of all wildfires in Florida happen within one mile of the WUI. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a wildfire may include: • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, causing residents to seek shelter). • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households. Impact to Environment September 2025 P1-154 Mlam i-Dade Daunty 'art 1: The Strategy There can be long-term impacts to the environment because of a wildfire on weather and the climate. The scale of wildfire can release large quantities of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. This chain reaction would then cause increased air pol- lution. For more information on vulnerabilities to environmental conditions, please refer to the respective section in the Vulnerability Index & Assessment (THIRA Volume II, pages 284 - 292). Consequences related to the environment following a wildfire may include: • Increase of air pollution that could cause various types of health issues (e.g. respiratory or cardiovascular problems). TABLE 11. FIRE DANGER LEVELS r Level Criteria Low Ignition: Fuels do not ignite readily from small firebrands although a more intense heat source, such as lightning, may start fires. Spread: Fires in open cured grasslands may burn freely a few hours after rain, but woods fires spread slowly by creeping or smoldering, and burn in irregular fingers. Spotting: There is little danger of spotting. Control: Easy Moderate High Ignition: Fires can start from most accidental causes, but with the exception of light- ning fires in some areas, the number of starts is generally low. Spread: Fires in open cured grasslands will burn briskly and spread rapidly on windy days. Timber fires spread slowly to moderately fast. The average fire is of moderate intensity, although heavy concentrations of fuel, especially draped fuel, may burn hot. Spotting: Short -distance spotting may occur, but is not persistent. Control: Fires are not likely to become serious and control is relatively easy. Ignition: All fine dead fuels ignite readily and fires start easily from most causes. Unattended brush and campfires are likely to escape. Spread: Fires spread rapidly. High -intensity burning may develop on slopes or in concentrations of fine fuels. Spotting: Short -distance spotting is common. Control: Fires may become serious and their control difficult unless they are at- tacked successfully while small. Very High Ignition: Fires start easily from all causes. Spread: Immediately after ignition, spread rapidly and increase quickly in intensity. Fires burning in light fuels may quickly develop high intensity characteristics such as long-distance spotting and fire whirlwinds when they burn into heavier fuels. Spotting: Spot fires are a constant danger; long distance spotting likely. Control: Direct attack at the head of such fires is rarely possible after they have been burning more than a few minutes. September 2025 P1-155 Part 1: The Strategy Level Criteria Extreme Ignition: Fires start quickly and burn intensely. All fires are potentially serious. Spread: Furious spread likely, along with intense burning. Development into high in- tensity burning will usually be faster and occur from smaller fires than in the very high fire danger class. Spotting: Spot fires are a constant danger; long distance spotting occurs easily. Control: Direct attack is rarely possible and may be dangerous except immediately after ignition. Fires that develop headway in heavy slash or in conifer stands may be unmanageable while the extreme burning condition lasts. Under these conditions the only effective and safe control action is on the flanks until the weather changes or the fuel supply lessens. Source: National Fire Danger Rating System Previous Occurrences March 12-26, 2025 — On March 12, Miami -Dade County Fire Department (MDFR) re- ported a wildfire of approximately 220 acres at 60% containment near the intersection of East Palm Drive and SW 117th Avenue near Homestead. Although the cause of origin was unknown, the fire was fueled by high winds, low humidity, and drought conditions. Over the following days the fire spread substantially, eventually covering more than 25,000 acres, and having containment levels as low as 20%. Unified Command was es- tablished by DEM, MDFR, Miami Dade Sheriff's Office, and the Florida Forestry Service. The effects of the fire were mostly interruptions to traffic on Card Sound Road and US-1, downed power lines, and economic effects resulting from business closures. By March 26, the containment levels increased to 85% and the Florida Forestry Service continued routine operations without heightened emergency response. June 1-5, 2021 — Dry conditions across South Florida allowed a wildfire to burn in Miami - Dade County for several days (fire ignited in May). The fire ignited near a densely popu- lated area, but no injuries or damage was reported. However, proximity of the fire and smoke resulted in the closure of Krome Ave for a period of time between Kendall Drive and SW 8 Street. The size of the wildfire was approximately 600 acres. June 28, 2019 — A small wildfire developed in the Tamiami Pinelands Park area. The fire quickly spread causing damage to two vehicles. The estimated damage was $75,000. May 2008 — The Mustang Corner Fire was a large wildfire that burned over the Everglades of western Miami -Dade County. The fire burned 39,465 acres in the Everglades National Park. The fire also prompted the evacuation of some 1,753 prisoners and 250 employees from the Everglades Correctional facility and 535 detainees from the Krome Detention Center as the fire closed within ten miles. The fire prompted dense smoke advisories for the Miami Metropolitan area from May 17th to May 21st as dense smoke moved into the area during the night and early morning hours. September 2025 P1-156 Nam I -Dade County Part 1: The Strategy May 7, 2008 — A wildfire broke out near Southwest 227th Avenue and Southwest 232nd Street in the Redland area of western Miami -Dade County, covering about 20 acres and threatening a home before being extinguished. The fire consumed 20 acres of a 30 acre farm, two vehicles, and some farm equipment. The estimated damage caused by this fire was $30,000. August 7, 2004 — A lightning -initiated wildfire burned 10,000 acres mostly in an area between the Homestead Extension of the Florida Turnpike and Krome Avenue. Smoke from the fire closed down portions of both roads for hours at a time and one person was killed in a vehicle crash likely caused by the restricted visibility. A local health alert was issued for persons mainly in the Doral area. April 5, 2000 — A 50-acre wildfire occurred in Homestead and destroyed two mobile homes and two boats. The total estimated damage was $100,000. March 30-31, 1999 — Redland area about a dozen wildfires burned as winds gusting near 30 mph quickly spread the flames. None of the fires exceeded 100 acres but a plant nursery was destroyed, and several homes were threatened. Smoke closed the Florida Turnpike Extension and the Don Shula Expressway for several hours. TABLE 6A-86 PRESIDENTIALLY DECLARED WILDFIRE EVENTS IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY Disaster T 'e Disaster Number DR 1223 EXTREME FIRE I-If1WARD FS 2256 EM 3139 FS FL -FIRES 04/13/99 FL -FIRES O4/15/99 FL - EVERGLADES FIRE COMPLEX - 04/25/01 Source: data.gov, FEMA Disaster Declarations Somrnary 2359 Vulnerability Incident Begin Date 512511998 4/1311 9 4/1511999 4/17/2001 Declaration Date Incident End Date 6/1811998 712211998 4/1811999 4/2711999 4/25/2001 5/25/1999 Disaster Close Out Date 6/2112011 7/2612002. 0412004 9/ 18/2003 Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a medium overall vulnerability to wildfires. September 2025 P1-157 Part 1: The Strategy Wildfire CateRiory Vulnerability' Risk* Special Populations Social Cultural Conditions {People. etc.) Socioeconomic Conditions Vulnerable Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Physical Property, etc.) Critical Infrastructure Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Key Resources Building Stock Somewhat Vulnerable Vulnerable Medium Medium CommunitySocial Conditions (Environment, Operations. etc.} Economic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Environmental Conditions Governmental Conditions (inc_ Operations) Vulnerable Medium Medium Somewhat Vulnerable Insurance Conditions Vulnerable Medium Community Organizations Somewhat Vulne.rable Medium *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities The built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources and Building Stock) and natural environment that are closest to the Everglades, agricultural areas or large open spaces are at a higher risk for exposure from wildfires. Critical facilities would include the Homestead Correction Institute, Dade Correctional Institution, Dade Juvenile Residential Facility, Everglades Correctional Institution, Krome North Service Processing Center, South Florida Reception Center, and Metro -West Detention Center. Residential areas of concern would include the Everglades Labor Camp, Gator Park Mobile Home Park, and Jones Fishing Camp Trailer Park. Visibility on roads may be compromised due to smoke, and this may lead to the need for road closures or increased traffic accidents. Social Vulnerabilities Populations with respiratory complications may be at greater risk due to air quality issues in relation to wildfires. The social vulnerability section should be reviewed for more infor- mation on how these types of circumstances may affect populations differently. Frequency/Probability There have been 13 recorded wildfires in Miami -Dade County since 1998, averaging ap- proximately one and a half per year. Miami -Dade County is most vulnerable to wildfires during the dry season. Wildfires typically occur during periods of high temperatures and drought and are often exacerbated by wind. September 2025 P1-158 Nam I -Dade County Cold Wave Description Part 1: The Strategy A cold wave is a natural hazard defined by FEMA as a rapid fall in temperature within 24 hours and extreme low temperatures for an extended period. These low temperatures sometimes accompany a winter storm or cold front that affects an area. Since a cold wave is relative to temperatures in the area, a universal temperature threshold for this hazard is not available. However, DEM policy and procedures establish the cold weather thresh- old for notification at or below 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The classification of an incident as cold wave or extreme cold can also be determined by the potential threat to life safety or by the local National Weather Service (NWS) weather forecast office which informs DEM. A cold wave is often correlated with the arrival of a cold front. A cold front is a weather system that moves into a region and replaces existing warmer air with cold air. Since cold air is denser than warm air, a cold front will push cold air under warm air causing warm air to rise higher in the atmosphere and subsequently cool. This often produces cloud cover or precipitation. This weather pattern can remain in a region for a few hours or sometimes as long as a couple of weeks. Cold air will eventually be pushed out by another weather front. Extreme cold temperatures are seasonal in nature and can occur any time from early fall to mid spring. The frequency of extreme cold is dependent on weather patterns within a particular region. The magnitude of the cold weather is also affected by many variables including where the cold air weather system originates and whether another system forms that will push the existing system out. Temperature changes and extreme cold can be somewhat mitigated by large bodies of water, as water takes longer to cool and warm than land. However, even though water will stabilize tem- peratures, changes in air pressure associated with water contribute to winds in the area. Winter storms are a rare occurrence in Florida but not entirely improbable of affecting the state. The latest occurrence of snow was in Florida's panhandle in January 2025 when 10 inches of snow was recorded near Pensacola due to a winter storm that brought rec- ord -breaking low temperatures for the state. In Miami -Dade County, most cold weather concerns revolve around protecting crops and providing shelter for vulnerable populations such as the homeless. This hazard is respon- sible for dozens of deaths a year across the Country due to exposure to the elements. It can lead to complications such as hypothermia and frostbite after prolonged exposure. Hazards such as carbon monoxide poisoning, and household fires are increased in im- properly ventilated homes during cold weather events. The loss of utilities during these incidents also stress resources and puts vulnerable populations at risk. Location The entire county is vulnerable to cold waves or cold weather events, and inland portions tend to see colder temperatures by a just few degrees. These areas tend to be south of September 2025 P1-159 402% Miami -Dada County Part 1: The Strategy Kendall Drive and west of the Florida Turnpike, primarily the Redland area and areas west of Homestead and Florida City. Extent Temperatures have dropped as low as the 20s in Miami -Dade County. In January 2010, cold temperatures killed an elderly man and caused $286 million in crop damages. Extreme cold weather is seasonal in nature and can occur any time temperature and atmospheric conditions are right. Depending on the geographic latitude of the jurisdiction in question, cold weather events can occur anywhere from late September to early May, but it is not necessarily limited to those months. Although weather patterns are impossible to predict exactly, the National Weather Service tracks weather and provides warnings up to 3 to 7 days in advance. The duration of a cold weather event is also highly variable and can last as long as 3-4 days while others have been over within a period of hours. Weather is influenced by many factors including man's footprint on the environment, nat- ural climatic cycles, volcanic activity, jet stream and ocean current patterns such as El Nino and La Nina. These factors will vary the atmospheric conditions conducive to cold weather events resulting in some winters with multiple storms and others with few or no storms. The exact impact of these factors has yet to be determined. TABLE 6A-93 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALERTS FOR WINTER WEATHER Alert Criteria Winter Weather Advisories Winter Strom Watch Are issued for accumulations of snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, and sleet which will cause significant inconveniences and, if caution is not exercised, could lead to life - threatening situations_ Alerts the public to the possibility of a blizzard, heavy snow, heavy freezing rain, or heavy sleet_ Winter Storm Watches are usually issued 12 to 48 hours before the beginning of a inter Storm_ Winter Storm Issued when hazardous winter weather in the form of heavy snow, heavy freezing rain, or Warning heavy sleet is imminent or occurring_ Winter Storm Warnings are usually issued 12 to 24 _ hours before the event is expected to begin_ Scarce_ National Weather Service The National Weather Service posts wind-chill advisories and warnings for communities based on the winter temperatures. Wind chill advisories and warnings are set locally and based on typical and expected temperatures for the region. Periods of extreme cold or high winds may necessitate the declaration of wind chill advisories and warnings. A wind chill warning is the more serious of the two declarations. The NWS maintains a wind chill index to illustrate the effects of different speeds of wind. September 2025 P1-160 Nam I -Dade Caunly Ind Calm 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Frostbite Times Wind chill is calculated by: Wind chill (°F) = 35-74 0-6215T - 35.75(VA0.16) 0.4275T(V^0.16) Where= T = Air Temperature (F), V = Wind Speed (mph), " = raised to a power (exponential) So ree: f'atianai Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration TABLE 6A-94 WIND CHILL INDEX 40 3 5 3 0 2 5 2.0 15 14 5 r a - 5 -10 -15 -20 -25 1141111111151411111111111 32A 1.-1.. lild1t 2$ 22 15 a1 .. 1 28 li 11;2111 "23 26 1 12. iiiiidi Part 1: The Strategy TABLE 13. AVERAGE FREEZE DATES FOR SOUTH FLORIDA" LOCATION EARLIEST FREEZE AVERAGE FIRST FREEZE AVERAGE LAST FREEZE LATEST FREEZE HIALEAH DECEMBER 15 DECEMBER 21-31 JANUARY 21-31 MARCH 3 HOMESTEAD DECEMBER 28 DECEMBER 21-31 JANUARY 21-31 JANUARY 31 MIAMI BEACH DECEMBER 24 DECEMBER 21-31 JANUARY 21-31 MARCH 3 MIAMI DECEMBER 11 DECEMBER 21-31 JANUARY 21-31 MARCH 3 Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents Cold waves or extreme cold weather is a particularly dangerous hazard for at -risk popu- lations. These populations include those who have a difficult time keeping warm or finding a heat source during an extreme cold event. The homeless are particularly at risk. Age groups such as the elderly and infants have limited physiological capability to keep warm. Outdoor animals and pets are also at risk of extreme cold temperatures. Consequences related to the public following a cold wave or cold weather event may include: 44 National Weather Service Miami Office September 2025 P1-161 Nam I -Dade County Part 1: The Strategy • Increased need for medical care, causing a potential surge at local hospitals • Temporary loss of water services/utilities, requiring alternate means to address im- mediate needs • Temporary/permanent loss of transportation, causing a need for replacement or al- ternative forms of transportation. Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property Little of the built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources, and Building Stock) is vulnerable to winter storms. Pipes carrying water to households could freeze and ex- pand causing pipes to burst. Often water will be contaminated during this process. Inad- equately heated or insulated homes may resort to heating by kerosene heaters or stoves. These methods of heating are dangerous and contribute to carbon monoxide poisoning and household fires. Agricultural interests are more vulnerable to winter storms and frost can destroy crops. Consequences related to essential facilities and property following a flooding may include: • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households • Loss of building function (e.g., damaged homes will no longer be habitable, causing residents to seek shelter). Impact to Critical Infrastructure Critical infrastructure can be impacted by winter storms and freezes. Transportation vehicles could lose functionality or unable to traverse through roads from winter storms or freezes that could cause sleet to appear on roads. The impacts to these structures include failed or impassable roadways, broken or failed utility lines (e.g., loss of power or gas to a community), and railway failure from broken or impassable railways. Bridges could fail or become impassable, causing risk to traffic. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following a winter storm and freeze may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Disruption in the public transportation • Shortage of fuel or other essential materials • Loss of power due to power outage. Impact to Environment Winter storms and freezes play a significant role in the impact of the environment. This natural hazard can create blizzards that can result in trees falling and plants dying. Be- cause of that forests will be damaged producing excess carbon dioxide that causes an imbalance in the local ecosystem. September 2025 P1-162 M,sm1-neeeCOWIN 'Part 1: The Strategy Consequences related to the environment following a cold wave or extreme freeze may include: • Reduced crop, rangeland, and forest productivity • Alter landscapes leading to uninhabitable locations • Increased livestock and wildlife mortality rates • Damage to wildlife and fish habitat Previous Occurrences There are no Cold Wave occurrences from the previous 5 years that have significantly affected Miami -Dade County or its participating jurisdictions. January 2012 — Temperatures dropped to the freezing mark over parts of inland Miami - Dade County on the night of January 3rd and early morning of January 4th, with temper- atures at these values for 2-4 hours. Areas most affected were the Redland and Home- stead areas. Damage to most sensitive crops (beans, herbs, squash, and Asian vegeta- bles) was about 15-20%. A few wind -protected fields suffered near -total losses. January 2010 — A strong artic cold front moved through South Florida in the early part of January. This cold front produced freezing temperatures and very low wind chills . Freez- ing temperatures were noted over almost all of South Florida on the mornings of January 10th and 11th. This front resulted in the coldest 12-day period of temperatures throughout South Florida. Crop damage was extensive with total damage estimates in excess of $500 million. Thousands of customers experienced intermittent power outages during this period due to record -setting usage demands. There was one death as a result of the freezing temperatures. January 5, 2001 — A freeze occurred throughout the interior sections of south Florida, causing damage to certain crops. Hardest hit were certain vegetable crops with 75% losses in Hendry and east Collier counties and 30% losses in the farming areas of south Miami -Dade County. Other crops that were damaged included newly planted sugar cane, ornamentals, and tropical fruits. A heavy frost occurred in the western suburbs of Miami -Dade, Broward and Palm Beach metropolitan areas. Several daily minimum temperature records were broken. Selected minimum temperatures included 29 degrees in the Homestead agricul- tural area, 39 degrees at Miami International Airport and 43 degrees in Miami Beach. February 5, 1996 — The coldest temperatures since the "Christmas freeze" of 1989 caused damage to fruit and vegetable crops in South Florida. Strong winds caused wind chill values in the teens and disrupted electrical service to over 20,000 customers throughout the region. September 2025 P1-163 if Miami -Dade county Part 1: The Strategy TABLE 14. PRESIDENTIALLY DECLARED FREEZE EVENTS IN MIAMI-DADE Disas- Disas- ter ter Type ,Number Title Incident Declaration Incident Disaster Begin Date Date End Date Close Out Date DR 1359 SEVERE FREEZE 12/1/2000 2/5/2001 1/25/2001 5/14/2010 DR 851 SEVERE FREEZE 12/23/1989 1/15/1990 12/25/1989 4/23/1996 DR 732 SEVERE FREEZE 3/18/1985 3/18/1985 3/18/1985 10/27/1988 DR 526 I SE WEATHER ER 1/31/1977 1/31/1977 1/31/1977 12/ 18/ 1978 DR — 304 FREEZE 3/15/1971 T 3/15/1971 73/15/1971 r6/18/1973 Source: data.gov, FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a medium overall vulnerability to cold waves/freezes. Wllnter Storms and Freezes Category Vulnerability Risk Social (People. etc.) Special Populations Cultural Conditions Socioeconomic Conditions Vulnerable Minimally Vulnerable Medium Low Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Physical (Property, etc.) Critical Infrastructure Minimally Vulnerable Low Key Resources Building Stock Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Minimally Vulnerable Low CommunitySocial Conditions (Environment, Operations, etc.) Economic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Environmental Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Governmental Conditions (irtc. Operaans) Minimally Vulnerable Low Insurance Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Community Organizations Somewhat Vulnerable tiledium *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in TH1RA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magnitude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities Little of the built environment (Critical Infrastructure, Key Resources and Building Stock) is vulnerable to winter storms. Pipes carrying water to households could freeze and ex- pand causing pipes to burst. Inadequately heated or insulated homes may resort to heat- ing by kerosene heaters or stoves. These methods of heating are dangerous and con- tribute to carbon monoxide poisoning and household fires. Agricultural interests are more vulnerable to winter storms and frost can destroy crops. Crops most vulnerable to winter storms and freezes are the ones that are grown during the winter months and harvested September 2025 P1-164 Mlam i-Dade Daunty Part 1: The Strategy in the spring months including cantaloupe, carambola, celery, cucumbers, dragon fruit, eggplant, fennel, guava, green beans, herbs, jackfruit, longyan, lychee, mushrooms, on- ions, papaya, passion fruit, plantains, radishes, sapodilla, spinach, squash, strawberries, sweetcorn, thyme, tomatoes and zucchini. Social Vulnerabilities Extreme cold weather is a particularly dangerous hazard for at risk populations such as the homeless, elderly, low income or people living in homes without heating or means to keep warm. These populations include those who have a difficult time keeping warm or finding a heat source during an extreme cold event. The homeless are particularly at risk. Age groups such as the elderly and infants have limited physiological capability to keep warm. It is estimated that there are 3,472 homeless individuals reside in Miami -Dade County as of April 2019. Larger concentrations of homeless tend to be near the down- town Miami and Miami Beach areas. Body warming mechanisms such as "goose bumps" and shivering are restricted in these groups. Outdoor animals and pets are also at risk of extreme cold temperatures. In the event that ambient temperatures in the county are forecasted to be at or below 50 degrees Fahrenheit for any period of time the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust will open and operate cold weather shelters. Frequency/Probability According to the annual frequency data of 2005-2021 from the local NWS office, Miami - Dade County experiences 0.3 Cold Wave events per year. This frequency was deter- mined based on the issuance of wind child warnings or current extreme cold warning products by NWS Miami. September 2025 P1-165 Nam I -Dade County Extreme Heat Description Part 1: The Strategy Extreme heat is defined as temperatures that are approximately 10 degrees or more above the average high temperature for a given region lasting a prolonged period of time, usually several days or weeks. In Miami -Dade County, extreme heat advisories are issued when the heat index is projected to reach 105 degrees Fahrenheit for two or more hours. Extreme heat occurs when a layer of high atmospheric pressure descends over a geographical area. High pressure causes the air normally located high in our at- mosphere to descend, compress, and increase in temperature. This leads to hazy, hu- mid, and muggy air. High pressure systems can reside in an area for weeks as they are resistant to being moved by other weather systems. In addition, high pressure inhibits wind and clouds which normally mitigates the effects of the sun. Every year, many municipalities experience periods in which the air temperature and humidity creates conditions that could potentially harm human health. Urban areas in particular experience a "heat island" effect. Urban heat island is when an urban area experiences warmer temperatures than its surrounding rural areas. This is caused by large amounts of concrete absorbing heat from the sun during the day. The heat re- leases at night keeping temperatures high and allowing little time for cooling. This can lead to increased energy demands and stress at -risk populations, especially those with- out access to air conditioning. Studies indicate that climate change is expected to make extreme heat worse. Accord- ing to the National Weather Service, in the summer of 2021, Miami observed 60 days of temperatures at or above 90°F.45 In 2023, 42 days at or above 105°F and in 2024, 60 days at or above 105°F. By comparison, the 14 years before 2023 had an average of 6 days per year that reached the same temperature for more than two hours. As shown in the graph below, Miami -Dade County's minimum temperature has been warming at a rate of +0.6°F per decade since 1985. Depending on how greenhouse gas emissions are managed, there are different future warming scenarios predicted for South Florida. Days with a high heat index in South Florida are also projected to increase with climate change. Additionally, if greenhouse gas emissions continue without mitigation, Miami - Dade is projected to have 14 "off the chart" heat index days by late century (2070- 2099), "off the chart" being a value of over 135°F. 45 Understanding Heat Exposure in Miami -Dade County: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/sto- ries/6f1 e91 cf8a8e4d5d9bd67525575c042e September 2025 P1-166 1 Miami -Dade Ceunq Miami -Dade County, Florida Minimum Temperature 74A°F - 69.4'F - 66-0 11 901 -WOO Mean: 55.1 T 63.0r� `, 69.4'F - 63.0'F 62-4'F - e 1.0-F 3s05 1P05 [P15 Smooth Trend Line Part 1: The Strategy _ 1985-201 9 Trend (-0-6'F !Decade) 1925 193= 1965 1y-5 1931995 1005 211`C - 19.4°C - 18-9`C - 183°C - 17.8`C - 172°C - 1157'C 16.1 `C 2020 This graph shows the minimum temperature in Miami -Dade county from 1895 - 2020. MIAMI-DARE COUNTY Historical By midcentury By late century By late century, if we Heat Index above (1971-2000) (2036-2065) (2070-2099) limit warming to 2°C 2070-2099 ClairS 90T 100°F 41 days 105`t' 7 days Off the Charts 0 days im"WrgirIMMTS 134 days 166 days 88 days 138 days 1 days 14 days 115 days 60 days 0 days far aiia,,,f Heat Index Heat index is a measurement created by the National Weather Service to illustrate the apparent temperature (i.e. the temperature the human body generally feels) when the air temperature is combined with the relative humidity. The heat index is generally used to determine the effects the temperature and humidity can have on the population. Heat index values are reduced by shady, light wind conditions. Full sunshine conditions can increase heat index values by up to 15 degrees. September 2025 P1-167 Nam I -Dade Caunly TABLE GA-15 HEAT INDEX Part 1: The Strategy Temperature 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 40 80 81 83 85 88 91 94 97 101 105 45 80 82 84 87 89 93 96 100 104 10 50 81 83 85 88 91 95 99 103 108 11 55 81 84 86 89 93 97 101 11; 1114 80 82 84 88 91 95 100 i q 85 82_� 85 89 93 98 103 10MM�M 70 83 86 90 95 100 105 .11 ®MMI- 75 84 88 92 97 103 109 11 I 1111rMM▪ 80 84 89 94 100 106 113 121'M�- 85 85 90 96 102 110i� 90 86 91 98 105 1111 95 86 93 100 100 81 95 103 MEM 108 111 MMM-MIM-M 112 1t..M'U���� L Likelihood of Heat Disorders with Prolonged Exposure or Strenuous Activity Caution Extreme Caution Source_ National Oceanic and Atmospheric. A amirifsfra .c; Location The entire county and all its participating jurisdictions are at risk for extreme heat, but several factors could make an area more, or less, vulnerable to the effects of heat. In a study by the Miami -Dade County Office of Resilience, these factors included average daytime land surface temperature, percentage of impervious surface, percentage of ur- ban tree canopy, and percent of outdoor workers. The study also measured vulnerability of certain areas by the number of heat related hospitalizations. For detailed information and all the GIS maps from this study please reference the Miami -Dade County Heat Vulnerability Assessment.46 The selected maps below, drawn from this assessment, tell a story about the different levels of vulnerability for each jurisdiction based on specific factors. Additional information about these factors could also be found below. • Daytime Land Surface Temperature - 1 km MODIS satellite data averaged from 2003-2021 at 1:30 p.m. • Impervious Surfaces - Surfaces that allow little or no storm water infiltration into the ground such as concrete or pavement. High amounts of these materials warm the surface. 46 Understanding Heat Exposure in Miami -Dade County: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/sto- ries/6f1 e91 cf8a8e4d5d9bd67525575c042e September 2025 P1-168 Part 1: The Strategy • Urban Tree Canopy - The percent of each zip code covered in shrubs or trees. Trees help cool surface temperatures through evapotranspiration. • Outdoor Workers - Those who work in hot and humid conditions experience ele- vated health risks to heat related illnesses and death. Kendall T{se Hammi Mi0.Ml-OAOC Hialeah Garden nMitaeler Carsl Chbres '7:Heights Tindall Plnetrest Pali"a-kto.+ Richmond Esenlr"•s: W r 5 jiera!h'Nf ,Cvrrhi(lor HbM£siE.AD MI PESCNVE Hn. es.teari FSorida City orth',rMi nterd nnY l4ret 'Beech A.�y yarhor �,ml 9slarvdz M1ami Beach Miami 1 Legend Mean Daytime Land Surface Temperature Day Temperature > 1t3.4 08 1133 Mean Daytime Land Surface Temperature The Hammocks i11 HIE 1"G�a_""•.0 Three Lakes f aI!r BSiu Richmond Eslaioi Wast Smith Miarni Harph7s Cuba � Soy Hornes(ead Florida City Impervious Surface (%) Legend Impervious Surfaces (%) Impervious Surface %) September 2025 P1-169 Mlam I -Dade county 'Ives Estates A.eni Country Club Norfand Scott Lako Berns Hi,�leul, H;a[eah II - M..41, vi. 5p�� r u. ataii Swett twa[er• ' Wentchooter -- L Westwood Lake Kett West The Hammocks Ke Three takes PnSrnat[u 'R,ehmond E.retus MIANN-dADF. We.t Soum Miami Heights. L.u�ler: boy, Urban Tree Canopy (%) Extent Northnos Miarril-t ouch MIaml-Glade County Urban Tree Canopy (r% Urban -Free Canopy l`,O; 40.7 _e3.o Part 1: The Strategy Kendall W Tha Hammocks 'Three Lnkes ,4.. -- .trimm Ives Estx+nrSoor•xo.... NrnIrunl Cvnny fsiec Lott Lal[u. „r II Bnaeh ' C.•r.,l Gables GI,•nsar Knights ondsll tonne.,+ Palmette' Innono Estates W,- r $par L1, Miami Height.. Cvti, flay Outdoor Workers (%) N itrth Nlran 1 Lrnna.o hl amr (;each Lesprid Outdoor Workers (%) Outdoor W'olicersi%) 13.5 - c42 The average annual high temperature in Miami -Dade County is 84.2°F, and the average annual relative humidity is 83% in the morning and 61% in the afternoon. The heat in- dex has reached up to at least 110°F. Extreme heat is typically seasonal in nature with heat waves occurring in the summer months. However, heat waves are associated with high pressure systems and can oc- cur in late spring and early fall as well. For regions in southern latitudes, extreme heat events can occur any time of the year. High pressure systems associated with heat waves can move into an area within a matter of days. These systems are resistant to being moved by other systems and can affect a region for days, weeks, or months. The frequency of extreme heat is dependent on weather patterns within a particular region. Weather patterns are affected by many variables including ocean currents, jet streams, and man's footprint on the environment. September 2025 P1-170 Part 1: The Strategy In the event of extreme heat, the National Weather Service will issue heat advisories based on heat indices through media messages. The National Weather Service pro- vides assistance to state and local health officials in preparing emergency messages in severe heat waves in addition to issuing special weather statements such as who are at most risk, safety rules, and the severity of the hazard. The National Weather Service will also aid state and local authorities on issuing warnings and survival tips. State and lo- cal health officials will be responsible to check on vulnerable populations such as the disabled and the elderly. Residents will be notified to remain indoors and refrain from strenuous activities. They will also be reminded to consume fluids often throughout the day and to stay near air conditioning, fans, and so forth. Exposure to extreme heat can result in various health issues such as sunburn, dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaus- tion, and heat stroke. The following table lists some common health hazards that corre- spond to a certain range of heat index and how dangerous the conditions may be: Category Danger Heat index TABLE 6A-17HEAT HEALTH HAZARDS Health Hazards 105® F-129°. Sunstroke, muscle cramps, and/or heat exhaustion with prolonged exposure F anchor physical activity_ Extreme 90' F- Sunstroke, muscle cramps, and/or heat exhaustion with prolonged exposure Caution 105 F andinr physical activity. Caution 80° F- 90` F Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. Source: National Weather Service Impact Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents Population groups that may be more vulnerable to the impacts of extreme heat include children, the elderly, pregnant women, individuals with respiratory illnesses, outdoor workers, and transients. Children tend to be especially vulnerable to extreme heat. Their small bodies can overheat more quickly than adult bodies because they do not have fully developed temperature regulation mechanisms, they are not always able to recognize the physical symptoms associated with heat illness, and they tend to spend more time outdoors than adults. Elderly adults and the disabled may be vulnerable be- cause they are frailer and the possible interaction of high temperatures with certain medications and side effects (including dehydration). This population may also be so- cially alienated, reducing their social support system. Low-income households may not be able to afford air conditioning. Individuals with respiratory illnesses are also vulnera- ble because extreme heat increases the production of ground -level ozone, a known res- piratory irritant. Finally, transients may be vulnerable for a few reasons; tourists may not follow heat warnings and continue to pursue outdoor activities, and the homeless may not have a place to find respite from the heat or enough clean water to stay September 2025 P1-171 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy hydrated. The consequence of such an incident will be dependent upon the location, scale, magnitude and extent of the incident in addition to the aforementioned vulnerabili- ties and community conditions described above. Consequences related to the public following an extreme heat event may include: • Increased need for medical care, causing a potential surge at local hospitals Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property All essential facilities and buildings could be vulnerable to extreme heat. An essential facility could encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the juris- diction. These impacts will vary based on the temperature caused by extreme heat, but can include temporary loss of facility functionality (e.g., a police station with a power outage causing no air conditioning may be temporarily unable to serve the community). Consequences related to essential facilities and property following an extreme heat event may include: • Loss of building function (e.g., power outage at a residence may temporarily be un- inhabitable, causing residents to seek shelter). • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households Impact to Critical Infrastructure Spikes in usages of electricity to meet air conditioning demands could cause a strain on the electric infrastructure and possibly cause rolling blackouts or outages. Extreme heat could impact agricultural and aquaculture interests and exacerbate animal or plant dis- eases. In 2014, South Florida Water District had to provide additional water for the Tur- key Point Nuclear Power Plant cooling canals in order to maintain the desired opera- tional temperature range. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following an extreme heat may include: • Disruption in the transportation of goods • Shortage of production of agriculture and livestock • Disruption to the power grid Impact to Environment Extreme heat events can exacerbate drought, and hot, dry conditions can cause wildfire events. Infrastructure such as buildings and roads absorb heat and can increase tem- peratures. Extreme heat may kill animals and damage farmland. Consequences related to the environment following an extreme heat event may include: • Trees and plants could be ignited by extreme heat causing wildfires • Disruption of the ecosystem causing various species to be extinct September 2025 P1-172 M»mi-oanetnunt, Part 1: The Strategy • Increase in temperatures contribute to global warming, increasing the possibility of other hazards. Previous Occurrences July 6, 2023 — Hot and very moist southerly winds across South Florida led to heat in- dex values in the 105 to 109 range across the area. A Heat Advisory was in effect for all of South Florida. Broadcast media reported the death of a 30-year-old agricultural worker found under a tree at his worksite in Homestead. Information from the county medical examiner's office indicates that heat exposure was a likely contributing factor, along with other complicating factors. July 11, 2022 — Temperatures across South Florida were in the lower 90s with relative humidity values over 50%. This led to high heat index values and contributed to the death of a child who was left in a car during the afternoon. July 25, 2017— High pressure in place with abundant moisture led to high tempera- tures and dewpoints. This led to the heat index reaching 108-110 degrees. With these high heat indices many people were treated for heat related illness at Miami Beach. September 8, 2011— Very warm and humid weather conditions led to heat indexes near 110 degrees across northeast Miami -Dade County. Eight students were treated for heat -related illnesses at Ruth Broad Bay Harbor K-8 Center in Bay Harbor Islands after physical education class. One student was transported to a hospital and the other seven students were treated at the scene. Temperatures were around 90 degrees with relative humidity values around 70 percent near the time of the event, yielding heat in- dex values in the 106 to 111 degree range. November 15, 2011— Unseasonably warm and humid weather occurred across south Florida through the middle of November in association with southeast wind flow around a high-pressure area over the Atlantic. June 2009 — Strong surface west winds ahead of a rare late June cold front over north Florida along with strong high pressure aloft led to record heat over southeast Florida. Many locations over the southeast Florida metro area reached the upper 90s, falling just short of the 100 degree mark. Miami International Airport tied an all-time record for June with a reading of 98 degrees, and West Palm Beach broke a daily record with a high of 96. Moore Haven in Glades County reached 100 degrees. Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a high overall vulnerability to extreme heat. September 2025 P1-173 Miami -Dade eovoty Part 1: The Strategy Extreme Heat Categiory Vulnerability'Risk" Social {People, etc.) Special Populations Vulnerable High Guttural Conditions Socioeconomic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium High Vulnerable Physical (Property. etc.) Critical infrastructure Key Resources i Somewhat Vulnerable Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Medium Building Stock Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Community Conditions iEnvironment, Operations. etc. Economic Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Social Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Environmental Conditions Vulnerable High Governmental Conditions zinc. Operations) Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Insurance Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Community Organizations Somewhat Vulnerable Medium *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in THIRA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magni- tude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. HeatVulnerability Index r.a Corn 'on []lurid Average Heat Vulnerability V ',CM:, . a-er.e re 3 .ece . Lrnaraole Source: Miami -Dade Extreme Heat Vulnerability Mapping Report (Uejio and Ahn, 2022). September 2025 P1-174 Miami -Dade county 95 94 85 80 75 Miami Ileat Index Climatology (Jun-Jui•Aug) tea tied Index 120I1.202D} —+ 7Cmpptature i2011 20201 6ewpolnt t2011.2026y ▪ + Kcal Index f1931-i9601 ▪ — — 4 Teny€adture {1951.14661 ▪ trcwpoInt 11931 19601 ▪ • •-—.- 12.am Part 1: The Strategy I I I I I 1 I C 1 I 1! 1 I 1 I I I I I 4am 8am 12pm 4pm 8pm 12am This image shows the avera.e hourly !teat index from 2011,202r1compared to 19 1-1?Gt) Source: Miami Heat Index and Dewpoint Climatology for Miami, FL (McNoldy, B. D., 2022) Physical Vulnerabilities Due to various exposure and sensitivity factors some neighborhoods experience in- creased risk to extreme heat effects. Neighborhoods with less trees and green space as well as densely populated urban areas are more vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat due to the Urban Heat Island Effect. Trees help cool surface temperatures through evapotranspiration. High amounts of impervious surfaces allow little or no storm water infiltration into the concrete ground which would help cool the area. All essential facili- ties and buildings could be vulnerable to extreme heat. An essential facility could en- counter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction. These impacts will vary based on the temperature caused by extreme heat, but can include temporary loss of facility functionality. Social Vulnerabilities All people in Miami -Dade are at risk, but some groups are more sensitive than others. High -risk groups for heat related illnesses include adults over 65 years, young children, homeless population, pregnant women, lower -income populations, outdoor workers, people recreating outside, athletes, and people with pre-existing (heart, lung, kidney) conditions who take certain medications that reduce their body's ability to keep cool. September 2025 P1-175 Miami-nade Ceanty Frequency/Probability Part 1: The Strategy Since 2019, Miami -Dade has experienced a significant increase in the number of days of documented extreme heat based on heat advisories given by the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. A heat advisory is issued when the heat index value is expected to reach 105 to 110 degrees for at least 2 consecutive days, this being a lower threshold established by the NWS Office in Miami since 2023. The number of ad- visories has averaged nineteen annually in the past five years. With this pattern, it is likely that extreme heat events will continue to happen at a higher frequency than ever. NWS YVFO. Miatrli (MFL) Heat Advisory Count ao 50 10 EZEISID Feb 3030 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Oec all days piotted Genesatra at 2 00t 2024 10 05 AM COT in 0.67a iEhl Autppot App C4 — nca(x) - 2010 (01 — 2011(0} — 2012 (01 — 2013(41 - 2014 (01 - 2015 (01 — 2010 (11 - 2017 (4] - 201E (0) - 2019 (7] — 2028 (6) - 2021 0) - 2022 (2] •— 2023(221 — 2024(501 Apr May September 2025 P1-176 Mlam i-Dade County Epidemic/Pandemic Description Part 1: The Strategy An epidemic is a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. According to the Dictionary of Epidemiology, a pandemic is an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting many people. For the World Health Organization (WHO) to label an ailment as a pandemic (recently, often influenza based), it must meet three require- ments: • Able to infect humans • Able to cause disease in humans • Able to spread from human to human easily Pandemics can be spurred from a number of illnesses, including influenza, cholera, smallpox, typhus, measles, tuberculosis, leprosy, malaria and yellow fever. This hazard section will tend to focus on pandemic influenza, as it is the highest pandemic threat in the United States. Influenza is a virus that occurs on seasonal basis and presents itself in one of many dif- ferent genetic combinations. Influenza has been classified into three types of viruses: A, B and C. The A and B viruses are responsible for seasonal epidemic spikes and cause illness in 5% to 20% of the population. The C virus is less virulent and causes only mild respiratory illness. Once the influenza is introduced to a host, it has the ability to replicate itself billions of times resulting in illness. Due to its persistence in the popu- lation and its seasonal nature, humans have developed a natural resistance to many of the genetic variations of the influenza virus. However, when a novel genetic variation presents itself in a population, humans will be absent their natural resistance to the vi- rus. This will allow the virus to spread rapidly from host to host causing larger than nor- mal morbidity and mortality rates. This occurrence is classified as pandemic influenza. Pandemics typically occur in waves lasting anywhere from six to eight weeks. As im- munity is developed within a population, the virus will recede for a period of 8-12 weeks. The virus will then reemerge slightly mutated for another wave lasting six to eight weeks. This process repeats during a pandemic two to three times. Symptoms of pandemic influenza vary depending on the virulence of the strain but mir- ror typical seasonal symptoms including, fever, coughing, sore throat, congestion head- aches, soreness in the muscles and joints, chills and fatigue. During a pandemic, these symptoms can be severe resulting in hospitalizations and death. The most effective strategy to combating pandemic influenza is vaccination. However, since a pandemic is caused by a novel strain, it is likely vaccine will not be available for the first wave and sometimes not until the middle of the second wave. Alternate September 2025 P1-177 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy strategies for mitigation include the use of antiviral medication, antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia often associated with influenza, social distancing, and public health hygienic practices. SARS-CoV-2 The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses, several of which cause respiratory diseases in humans, from the common cold to more rare and serious diseases such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syn- drome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), both of which have high mortality rates and were detected for the first time in 2003 and 2012, respectively. The first cases of COVID-19 were reported in late December 2019 directly linked to the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market in Wuhan, China where seafood, wild, and farmed animal species were sold. After investigation by the WHO, it was found that many of the initial patients were either stall owners, market employees, or regular visitors to this market. Environmental samples taken from this market in December 2019 tested posi- tive for SARS-CoV-2, further suggesting that the market in Wuhan City was the source of this outbreak or played a role in the initial amplification of the outbreak. On January 20, 2020, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acti- vated its EOC to support public health partners response to the outbreak identified in China. On January 30, 2020, the International Health Regulations Emergency Commit- tee of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. The next day, U.S. Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary, Alex M. Azar II, declared a public health emergency for the United States to aid the nation's health care community response to COVID-19. On March 11, 2020, the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) confirmed the first COVID-19 case in Miami -Dade County. On the same day, the WHO declared COVID- 19 a pandemic —as the virus began to rapidly spread to a growing number of countries. After Miami -Dade County Mayor, Carlos Gimenez, declared a Local State of Emergency in Miami -Dade County, the Miami -Dade EOC activated to a Level 2 (Partial) to support healthcare, public safety, and municipal partners in emergency preparedness efforts and response operations. September 2025 P1-178 1 MMam I -Dada county Part 1: The Strategy FIGURE 6A-7 - FLORIDA'S COVID-19 DATA AND SURVEILLANCE DASHBOARD JAN. 2021 f Iprida's COVIO.19 Data and Surveillance Ga3.h ird Total Cases 1,548,067 C40194H[if$i1ifltt P144.1411.61661141. Positive Residents 1,519,944 Resident Hospitalization's 67,463 23,799 370 A.x+rtrYFw i+1a41iYf.wrt.eiw d,.t.., .ax/ir Fn+✓4�e. Iri...d d.b tiv f Kv.id. F..d.etr r 90 Glr# NI 1SL rVmaLiD.rrht.Y Na.al teau kh+—d.>• .!$tom#. Source: FDOH, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection Location The entire county is vulnerable to epidemics and pandemics. Locations of high density may be more at risk than others (schools, universities, large work buildings, etc.). Extent In contrast to seasonal influenza when it occurs during the late fall and early winter months, pandemic influenza can occur during any month or season. Pandemic Influ- enza generally occurs in multiple waves (2 to 3) that last a period of six to eight weeks each. Generally, each wave will occur approximately 12 weeks apart. Once a novel strain of influenza can achieve human to human transmission, the pandemic is ex- pected to spread rapidly and across geographic barriers. Although the likelihood of pandemic is a certainty, their frequency is difficult to predict. In the 20th century, there were three influenza pandemics. In the 21st century, there has been one to date. There has been an average 3 pandemics per century, occurring at intervals of 10-50 years. Pandemic influenza is characterized based on its ability to spread, not its viru- lence. Pandemics in the past have ranged from severe to mild. The severity of September 2025 P1-179 Miami -Dada County Part 1: The Strategy pandemic influenza has varied in the past, but estimates range from an infection rate of 30% to 40%. Mortality rates will depend on the virulence of the strain. The 1918 strain had an estimated mortality rate of 3% of infected persons. The Pandemic Severity Index (PSI), released by the U.S. Department of Health and Hu- man Services, categorizes flu pandemics on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the deadli- est, similar to the Saffir-Simpson Scale. The benefit of categorizing pandemic intensity is the correlated preventative recommendations. TABLE 6A-13 PANDEMIC SEVERITY INDEX Cate- Case Fatality Ratio • o CFR Projected Number of Deaths (US Pop- ulation, 2006 * 1 <0.1% <90,000 2 0.1% - <0.5% 90,000 - <450,000 3 0.5% - <1.0% 450,000 - <900,000 4 1.0% - <2.0% 900,000 - <1,800,000 5 >=2.0% >=1,800,000 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, *Assumes 30% illness rate TABLE 6A-14 COMMUNITY STRATEGIES BY PANDEMIC FLU SEVERITY Interventions b Settin • Pandemic Severit Index 1 2and 3 4 and 5 Home Voluntary isolation of ill at home (adults and chil- dren); combine with use of antiviral treatment as available and indicated Voluntary quarantine of household member in homes with ill persons (adults and children); con- sider combining with antiviral prophylaxis if effec- tive, feasible, and quantities sufficient r Recom- mended Generally not Recom- mended School Dismissal of students from schools and school - based activities, and closure of child care pro- grams Reduce out -of -school contacts and community mixing Generally not Recom- mended Generally not Recom- mended Recommended Consider Consider: <= 4 weeks Consider: <= 4 weeks Recom- mended Recom- mended Recom- mended <= 12 weeks Recom- mended <= 12 weeks Workplace/Community Decrease number of social contacts (e.g. encour- age teleconferences, alternative to face-to-face meetings) Generally not Recom- mended Consider Recom- mended September 2025 P1-180 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy Interventions b Settin • Pandemic Severit Index 1 2and 3 4 and 5 Increase distance between persons (e.g. reduce density in public transit, workplace) Modify, postpone, or cancel selected public gath- erings to promote social distance (e.g. stadium events, theater performances) Modify workplace schedules and practices (e.g. telework, staggered shifts) Generally not Recom- mended Generally not Recom- mended Generally not Recom- mended Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Impact Consider Consider Consider Recom- mended Recom- mended Recom- mended Impact to Miami -Dade County Residents As mentioned above, due to Miami -Dade County's large population and high levels of international travel and trade, the county may experience greater incidence and preva- lence of epidemics and pandemics, especially those coming from Central and South America. The specific populations who are most at -risk are children, the elderly, and those who are disabled. Young children have an immune system that is not fully devel- oped and may be a detriment to fighting off an illness. The elderly and the disabled have weakened immune systems that may not be strong enough against an epi- demic/pandemic. Schools and universities may need to adjust their schedule and/or services offered depending on the severity of the outbreak and choose to limit students per classroom. Additionally, the economy may be damaged if workers are unable to per- form; they may be sick, caring for someone who is sick, or the office may be closed. Certain population groups may be impacted and/or more vulnerable based on loca- tion/proximity to the incident or other social vulnerability condition(s). Although not exhaustive, the following is a list of potential social populations that may be more heavily affected by this hazard than other groups. • Children • Disabled • Elderly Consequences related to the public following an epidemic/pandemic may include: • Increased need for medical care, causing a potential medical surge at local hospi- tals • Temporary/permanent loss of employment/business income, causing an increased need for loans due to employees falling sick • Temporary loss of services/utilities, medical personnel falling ill and staff shortages September 2025 P1-181 Part 1: The Strategy Impact to Essential Facilities and Other Property Epidemics and pandemics typically do not affect physical structures, essential services, or other key community assets, however emergency services and healthcare providers may be overwhelmed by the amount of people seeking treatment or a medical surge. Building Inventory: Epidemics and pandemics typically do not affect building inventory. For more information on vulnerabilities to key resources and building stock, please refer to the respective section in the Vulnerability Index & Assessment (THIRA Volume II, pages 79 - 168). Consequences related to essential facilities and property following an epidemic/pan- demic may include: • Business/service interruption, causing an impact to the local economy as well as in- dividual households due to employees falling sick (e.g. staff shortages) Impact to Critical Infrastructure Epidemics and pandemics typically do not affect physical structures, essential services, or other key community assets. Consequences related to critical infrastructure following an epidemic/pandemic may in- clude: • Shortage of medical supplies dependent on the scale and magnitude of the epi- demic/pandemic Impact to Environment Epidemics and pandemics typically do not affect the environment negatively, however, air quality may significantly improve, and ecological systems may be restored. No consequences related to the environment following an epidemic/pandemic. Impact to Operations Vulnerabilities associated with an epidemic/pandemic are impacts to emergency services and possible medical surges at hospitals. Consequences related to operations following an epidemic/pandemic may include: • Continued delivery of services, life safety operations, etc. may require the use of mutual aid and emergency contracts • Shortage of medical personnel and supply chain issues for medical supply • Continuity of Operations Plans may need to be activated to address impacts to sys- tems and essential functions Consequences related to responders following an epidemic/pandemic may include: September 2025 P1-182 M»mi-oanetnunt, Part 1: The Strategy • Increased potential for human to human transmission while performing response (e.g. EMS teams, medical personnel, fire rescue) • Staff shortages requiring activation of mutual aid agreements Slow recovery from an epidemic/pandemic could also impact the local economy. Busi- nesses seriously impacted by an epidemic/pandemic may close permanently due to short staff or simply no business. Previous Occurrences Only notable occurrences, if applicable, have been included in this section; and this sec- tion does not represent an all-inclusive list of past hazard incidents/events. Miami -Dade County There have been no instances of an epidemic only affecting Miami -Dade County. 2009 (Swine Flu-H1N1): H1N1 was first detected in the United States in April 2009. The virus genes were a combination of genes most closely related to North American swine -lineage H1N1 and Eurasian lineage swine -origin H1N1 influenza viruses. Be- cause of this, initial reports referred to the virus as a swine origin influenza virus. The CDC estimates about 55 million people were infected, 246,000 H1N1-related hospitali- zations, and 11,160 H1N1-related deaths in 2009. There were 3,676 confirmed cases in Florida and 230 confirmed deaths, with the first cases appearing in Lee and Broward Counties. According to weekly Swine Flu Surveillance Reports published by the Florida Department of Health, at least 38 people came down with Swine Flu in Miami -Dade County. 1918 (Spanish Flu): The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 was one of the deadliest ep- idemics in history, causing influenza -related symptoms in more than 20% of the world's population and claiming more than 21 million lives worldwide. It spread along trade routes and shipping lines. Outbreaks swept through North America, Europe, Asia, Af- rica, Brazil and the South Pacific. World War I probably aided in its rapid diffusion and attack through the mass movements of men in armies and aboard ships. A study at- tempted to reason why the disease had been so devastating in certain localized re- gions, looking at the climate, the weather and the racial composition of cities. They found humidity to be linked with more severe epidemics. Therefore, Miami -Dade County may be more susceptible to influenza pandemics than other, drier locations. Florida 2014/2015 Flu Season (H3N2): Florida was among 22 states where the CDC claimed influenza reached epidemic levels. By the end of 2014, 15 children had died due to flu complications, one of which was in Tampa Bay. The epidemic comes during a season September 2025 P1-183 Mlam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy where the flu vaccine was not well -matched to the predominant circulating flu strains. The Florida Health Department estimated that between 15% & 40% of the population is likely to develop the flu. Vulnerability Based on scores from the Hazard Impact Analysis found in the THIRA and summarized on the table below, Miami -Dade County has a high overall vulnerability to epidemics/pandemics. Cate.or+ EpidemicIPandemlic Vulnerabili ' Risk' Social (People, etc.) S+eual Pooulatians Hr h Cultural Conditions Socioeconomic Conditions Vulnerable Vulnerable High High Physical Property. etc.) Cntical infrastructure Key Resources Minimally Vulnerable Vulnerable Low High Branding Stock Minimally Vulnerable Low CommunitySocial Conditions {Environment. Operations, etc.i Economic Conditions Vulnerable High Condibons Vulnerable High Environmental Conditions Minimally Vulnerable Low Governmental Conditions fine. Operations) Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Insurance Conditions Somewhat Vulnerable Medium Community Organizations Sc'mewhal Vulnerable 'yled,um *Vulnerability ratings take in consideration baseline vulnerabilities described in TH1RA Volume 2 with ad- justment based on this specific hazard. Risk ratings consider probability & frequency, potential magni- tude & scale, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, capabilities, and mitigation efforts related to this specific hazard. Physical Vulnerabilities Physical structures, essential services, and other key community assets are not typically vulnerable to epidemics or pandemics. Social Vulnerabilities The most vulnerable population would depend on the unique features of the illness causing the epidemic or pandemic. With COVID-19, those with previous health condi- tions and the elderly were most at -risk as well as those special populations within lower socio-economic communities or densely populated communities that could not establish many protective social distancing measures. However, the entire population in Miami - Dade County is vulnerable to epidemics and pandemics, especially when considering the high levels of international travel and trade that occur within the county. September 2025 P1-184 Mlam i-Dade County Frequency/Probability Part 1: The Strategy The frequency and probability of an epidemic/pandemic is difficult to predict. As men- tioned previously, in contrast to seasonal influenza when it occurs during the late fall and early winter months, pandemic influenza can occur during any month or season. Pandemic Influenza generally occurs in multiple waves (2 to 3) that last a period of six to eight weeks each. Data Sources We have identified the following data sources as being important and comprehensive to the development of this plan and the accomplishment of our mitigation goals moving forward. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) • National Flood Insurance Program repetitive loss inventory. • Flood Insurance Rate Maps, hurricane storm surge maps, and previous natural haz- ard computer modeling results. • The FEMA website www.fema.gov has a wealth of accumulated data that can be extremely valuable in developing mitigation measures. Other U. S. Government Databases and Information Sources • National Hurricane Center and the National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administra- tion (NOAA) historical storm related data (including, National Climatic Data Center). • The National Weather Service Miami Forecast Office data files. • National Hurricane Center "SLOSH" models. • National Priorities List (NPL) • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Information System List (CERCLIS — the "Superfund") • No Further Remedial Action Planned List (NFRAP) • Emergency Response Notification System List (ERNS) • RCRA Corrective Action Tracking System List (CORRACTS) • Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System List (RCRIS) • Hazardous Waste Data Management System List (HWDMS) • Facility Index Data System List (FINDS) • Toxic Release Inventory System List (TRIS) • U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service databases. State of Florida • Florida State University Department of Meteorology hurricane historical database. • State -Funded Action Sites List (SFAS). • State Sites List (SITES). • Solid Waste Facilities List (SLDWST). • Petroleum Contamination Tracking System Report (PCTS). • Stationary Tank Inventory System List (TANKS). September 2025 P1-185 �uvam i-Dade County Part 1: The Strategy • Hazardous Waste Compliance & Enforcement Tracking System List (COMHAZ). • South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). Miami -Dade County • Municipal and County Emergency Management Plans and Comprehensive Plans. • Municipal and County Floodplain Management Plans. • Miami -Dade Stormwater Management Master Plan and Capital Improvements Pro- jects. • Miami -Dade County, Division of Environmental Resources Management (DERM) GIS database. • Miami -Dade County, Information Technology Department, Critical Facilities Inventory and other GIS databases. • Enforcement Case Tracking System Report (ECTS). • Fuel Spill Report (FSPILL). • Hazardous Waste Report (HW). • Industrial Waste Reports. • Underground Storage Tanks Report (UST). • Agriculture extension services and databases. Municipal Agencies • Staff resources, records and data files. Additional Resources • The American Red Cross will provide information regarding shelters, as well as staff resources and records • Internet web sites provided by the Florida Division of Emergency Management as part of the Local Mitigation Strategy Guidebook September 2025 P1-186 M lam i-Dade County This page is intentionally left blank. Part 1: The Strategy September 2025 P1-187 Miami -Dade County PART 2: 2025 040 ..... ..... t...#........+..♦ 0 THE PROJECTS This page left intentionally blank. September 2025 P2-1 Pair 1: TABLE OF CONTENTS Projects al M6IXT4, INTRODUCTION 3 METHODOLOGY 3 PROJECT SUBMITTAL AND TRACKING 3 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS 3 UPDATES AND REPORTS 5 PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 5 LETTERS OF SUPPORT 5 INACTIVE PROJECTS 6 PRIORITIZING MITIGATION PROJECTS 6 PRIORITIZED PROJECT LIST 20 CASE STUDIES 56 September 2025 P2-2 MIdAA{+Dads CGYllly INTRODUCTION Part 2: The Projects This part details the methodology for mitigation project submission, tracking, and pri- oritization' in Miami -Dade County. This section also includes the list of projects iden- tified by the LMS Working Group members and highlights case studies of projects completed within the last four years. Project submissions are evaluated to ensure they meet FEMA and LMS criteria and are prioritized to determine funding order when lim- ited funding sources under the purview of the LMS are made available.2 METHODOLOGY Project Submittal and Tracking WebEOC is an online system that allows LMSWG members to input new projects and update existing projects at any time throughout the year. The LMS Chair is responsi- ble for the review of the projects and for providing an update to the State of Florida every January 31st. The LMS Chair will post an update of the current list of projects every January on the LMS website: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/emer- gency/projects-that-protect. page It is the responsibility of the LMSWG members that post projects to ensure the projects are listed with the information that local and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requirements identified below. The LMS Chair may also require additional information that may be required to prioritize projects because of shifting priorities. Project Requirements Below is a list of the project fields in WebEOC for project submission: Project List Field Level of Requirement Comments Agency Type Local Requirement Must be utilized to tie project to agency Agency Local and FEMA Requirement Must be utilized to tie project to agency Project Title FEMA Requirement Satisfies Name and Description Entry type FEMA Requirement Identifies new project and project to be re- moved from Active List Original Date of Entry Default Identifies when the project was first put in the LMS Project list. Last Updated Default Identifies last date of update. If an agency fails to review and update project on an annual basis, they can be made inactive. Status FEMA Requirement Current status of project. Satisfies New, Deferred, Completed or Deleted. 1 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.3 2 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.3 September 2025 P2-3 Mlanw.pads OWnly Part 2: The Projects Project List Field Level of Requirement Comments Hazard Local Requirement Allows us to sort hazard type for potential funding and identify flood projects in sup- port of Part 6. Project Type Local Requirement Allows us to sort for funding options by type of project Mapper Label Not Required at this time For future use for mapping Address Local Requirement Will allow us to geo-code and map pro- jects Longitude and Latitude Local Suggestions Will aid in future mapping of projects Flood Basin Local Requirement for Flood projects, Local Suggestion for ALL projects Allows us to identify where mitigation pro - jects for flooding have been identified and facilitate additional coordination and map- ping. May assist with showing effective- ness of mitigation projects after significant rain events. Completion Time Frame FEMA Requirement If a project is unfunded provide your best estimation as to when this project could be completed. Mitigation Goals Local Requirement Shows alignment with LMS Funding Source FEMA Requirement FEMA lists this a potential funding source, we split this to also identify internal fund- ing sources or potential grant sources Grant Source (Poten- tial or secured) Is a Match Required Local Requirement May assist us with identifying projects for global match opportunities Match Identified Local Requirement Estimated Costs Local Requirement We are required to include this in the County Annual report. Global Match Local Requirement Identifies if the project may be able to be used as a global match for another project in need of a match Project Description FEMA Requirement Comments Reserved for additional nota- tions LMS Chair notates and changes or re- quests for letters of support in this area. Attachments Local Suggestion Allows the agency to place supporting documents in the database with the rec- ord. Name, Email and Phone Local Requirement Allows LMS Chair to contact POC directly regarding projects BCA Completed and BCA score Required only when funding source requires this infor- mation. Must be completed if a letter of support is requested and the funding source re- quires it. Self -Prioritization Local Requirement Identifies agency priorities. Benefit Cost Review FEMA Requirement Provides a score based on Suitability, Risk Reduction and Cost and Time. The LMS Chair has the responsibility for requesting that the LMS working group mem- bers update their projects and determine if these projects are missing information. This LMS Chair will also utilize the information provided to develop documents and other supporting documents such as maps to track mitigation projects. The LMS Chair will also utilize the information provided to develop documents and other supporting documents such as maps to track mitigation projects. September 2025 P2-4 MIrnFDade County Part 2: The Projects The projects listed later in this document are in a table format, which is an abridged version of the full project descriptions maintained in the WebEOC LMS Board. Addi- tional information on listed projects, is available to all stakeholders with project ac- counts. Anyone wishing to have an account to add or review projects should make a request to the Miami -Dade County Department of Emergency Management at eoc@miamidade.gov or call 305-468-5400. Updates and Reports As stated in Part 1, the LMS is updated on an annual basis and as part of a regular update and monitoring process. To keep the project list updated, agencies with listed projects are required to review and update them within WebEOC on an annual basis by October 31. Based on those updates, the Prioritized Project List will be updated on the website each January. In December of every year the LMS Chair is required to provide a report to the Conti- nuity of Operations Planner as part of the Department's Annual Preparedness Report that is submitted to the County Mayor. The LMS Chair compiles information on pro- jects that have been completed, are under construction, or are funded but not yet started since the previous year's report. This information is derived from the LMS Project list and is another way to demonstrate on an annual basis the progressive mitigation work being accomplished. Project Administration and Implementation The agency that submits each project is responsible for implementation and admin- istration. Due to the variable nature of procurement and contracting procedures, avail- ability of resources, and weather conditions, accurate implementation timelines are difficult to predict. Therefore, implementation timelines may not be developed for some projects until a funding source is identified and the factors above can be deter- mined relative to the prevailing operating environment. Grant requirements may also dictate project implementation timelines for the appropriate recipient. If the project is funded through a grant, the grantee is responsible for implementing these projects as outlined in the grant's regulations. Letters of Support The LMS Chair will write a letter of support for grant opportunities when a listed project has all the required information provided, and the minimum requirements met, the LMS Chair will notify the requestor, if additional information is needed to be added to the project for a letter of support to be provided. Requests for letters must, at a mini - September 2025 P2-5 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Part 2:: mum, be requested 10 working days in advance of the required deadline. Late re- quests may not be able to be facilitated. The LMS Chair will make notations in the comments section as to date and action taken. The agency requesting a letter of support must be an active participant of the LMS, meaning they comply with the requirements set forth in Part 1 of the LMS. Currently the requirements include their organization/agency must attend at least two (2) of the four (4) previous quarterly meetings held each year or an equivalent committee or sub -committee meeting as a substitution. The other requirements are that their project in the LMS WebEOC must be updated every calendar year. Inactive Projects If a project has not been updated by October 31 of that same year, it will be marked Inactive by the LMS Chair. The agency will have until December 31 to update the project to restore the project back to active status. Projects that are not updated by that time will be deleted and archived on WebEOC. PRIORITIZING MITIGATION PROJECTS3 The LMS Steering Committee is responsible for conducting the project prioritization process. The FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) Quali- tative Evaluation Criteria (QEC) has been adopted to prioritize mitigation projects in Miami -Dade County. The BRIC-QEC aligns with the mitigation goals and objectives of the Miami -Dade County LMS and has been developed through national stakeholder engagement. FEMA developed the qualitive evaluation criteria based on comments received during stakeholder engagement efforts in 2019. Comments indicated support for holistic project evaluation beyond economic metrics alone as well as for incentiv- izing partnerships and high -quality community engagement. Adopting the BRIC QEC will afford the advantage of normalizing FEMA's evaluation criteria and its implemen- tation locally. It will also incentivize development of projects that align with FEMA's BRIC national competition. The LMS Steering Committee is responsible for reviewing project materials and scoring projects based on the QEC. The highest and lowest scores will be eliminated and the average of the remaining scores will be the final QEC project score. The BRIC QEC is divided into the following six parameters: 3 EMAP 2016 Standard 4.2.2 September 2025 P2-6 MIrnFDade County 30 points Part 2: The Projects BRIC Qualitative Evaluation Criteria 20 points Risk Reduction/Resilience Climate Change and Effectiveness Other Future Conditions 15 points Implementation Measures 25 points Population Impacted 5 points Community Engagement and Other Outreach Activities 5 points Leveraging Partners The LMS Steering Committee members will apply the scoring options listed in Table 1 to all six qualitative criteria for each mitigation initiative. Scores will be submitted using an online WebEOC form. Note that point values vary among each criterion. The graded scoring and point scales for each criterion are included later in this document. Table 1: Qualitative Criteria Scoring Options Scoring Option Description Not at all The mitigation initiative does not address the criterion at all. Minimally The mitigation initiative addresses some of the criterion, but infor- mation in the mitigation initiative may be missing, confusing, un- clear, and/or incorrect. The degree to which the mitigation initiative demonstrates the criterion is minimal, and references to the crite- rion do not include substantive information. Partially The mitigation initiative partially addresses the criterion, but the mitigation initiative may lack clarity and/or strong support, have some minor inconsistencies, or not address all components of the criterion. The degree to which the mitigation initiative demonstrates the criterion has been met is mediocre. Mostly Although the mitigation initiative may include a few minor incon- sistencies or areas that need more clarity, there is strong support for most components of the criterion. The degree to which the mit- igation initiative demonstrates the criterion has been met is ac- ceptable. September 2025 P2-7 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Part 2:: Entirely The mitigation initiative is clear, concise, and complete; provides examples; and is supported by data. It addresses all components of the criterion and may have a particularly compelling narrative. The degree to which the mitigation initiative demonstrates the cri- terion has been met is excellent. Prompts are included for each qualitative evaluation criterion to serve as a helpful starting point for partners submitting mitigation initiatives. These prompts are designed to clarify terms and provide guiding questions for mitigation partners to consider as they develop mitigation initiatives. This information will be provided to the LMS Steer- ing Committee members to foster a common frame of reference. Please note that answering every question, while informative, will not necessarily guarantee an "En- tirely" score. Finally, prompts included here are by no means mutually exclusive or exhaustive; any additional information to support the merit of the mitigation initiative is welcome. It is important to note that this will be one level of consideration when limited funding sources are available to fund projects in Miami -Dade County. Other considerations may include criteria of the available funding source. There may be situations when the window for a funding opportunity is very limited and in situations like this, projects that are "shelf -ready" may be put ahead of projects that may have a higher priority. The LMS Steering Committee will work to maximize op- portunities for funding and will be called upon by the LMS Chair when circumstances arise that require additional considerations to be made. The LMS Chair or designated representative will act as the committee facilitator. The committee's primary function will be to review and act on recommendations with re- spect to its evaluation of mitigation initiatives and its ranking of the priorities for their implementation. Projects that may not have a QEC completed will not be considered for funding. Qualitative Evaluation Criterion 1: Risk Reduction/Resilience Effectiveness (30 possible points) FEMA defines resilience as the ability to prepare for anticipated hazards, adapt to changing conditions, and withstand and recover rapidly from disruption. The score received for Criterion 1 will depend upon how well the mitigation initiative details the following elements: (1) effective risk reduction, (2) effective increase in community resilience, (3) the provision of ancillary benefits, and (4) the leveraging of innovation. Ancillary benefits could include among other options how the project will: September 2025 P2-8 MIrnFDade County Part 2:: • Address inequities and provide the greatest support to those with greatest need. • Contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases by considering the use of low carbon materials or developing low carbon or net zero energy projects as de- scribed in the March 2023 Memorandum (IRA) Section 70006. • Enable greater community resilience through cybersecurity in accordance with best practices and standards. Criterion 1 Qualitative Criteria Scoring Points Not at all Minimally Partially Mostly Entirely 0 7.5 15 22.5 30 Prompts for the Risk Reduction/Resilience Effectiveness Criterion Below are additional considerations for developing mitigation initiatives towards this criterion. Interpreting Responses to Effective Risk Reduction The mitigation initiative should detail how the project will reduce risk. The details should identify the risk being reduced and state what action will reduce the identified risk. The details should be clear and reasonable. The mitigation initiative should iden- tity how the project will mitigate the subject's most prevalent risk and also identify additional risks that may be mitigated as well. Priorities for BRIC include risk reduction of both acute events and chronic stressors, exacerbated by hazard risk and climate change, which are either observed or expected. However, FEMA does not limit eval- uation of risk reduction to those that are quantifiable. FEMA encourages alternative explanations of risk reduction. How will the proposed project reduce risk(s) and to what level? For example, a proposed project could be designed to provide 100-year-level flood protection to a neighborhood with 250 people, 135 homes, and 15 publicly owned structures that support several Community Lifelines, and a variety of cultural, historic, and environmental resources. Additionally, partners may have high Building Code Ef- fectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) scores that show a commitment to reducing risk through strong building code adoption and enforcement activities. Interpreting Responses to Increases in Resilience The mitigation initiative should indicate how the proposed project will improve resili- ence. Resilience refers to the ability to prepare for anticipated hazards, adapt to changing conditions, and withstand and recover rapidly from disruption. Detail how September 2025 P2-9 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Part 2:: the project will increase resilience. The details should identify the aspects of resilience being increased and state what action will increase the identified resilience. The de- tails should be clear and reasonable. For example, a project designed to retrofit a library to serve as a tornado shelter could include tornado (and other hazards) prepar- edness, resilience, and hazard mitigation information. This could enhance the com- munity's resilience by educating the public about the natural hazard risks they face, as well as build a culture of preparedness. Interpreting Responses to Ancillary Benefits Ancillary benefits refer to benefits other than the project's primary risk reduction ob- jective, which should be identified in the Scope of Work section, if applicable. Ancillary benefits are benefits related to water/air quality, habitat creation, energy efficiency, economic opportunity, reduced social vulnerability, reduced carbon emissions, cyber- security, cultural resources, public health, and mental health, as well as support mis- sion areas of non- governmental organizations (NGOs), community -based groups, and other partners, etc. Partners should consider the following: What ancillary benefits will the project provide and how? Does the project consider multiple hazards (e.g., wind/storm surge, wild- fire/mudslides) to address risks beyond the proposal's primary risk reduction objec- tive? Ancillary benefits should include how a project will lead to equitable outcomes and provide the greatest support to those with greatest need. Ancillary benefits could also address climate -related benefits. In this particular case, very significant ancillary benefits would be achieved by the project if it follows the Inflation Reduction Act Sec- tion 70006, FEMA building materials program and considers the use of low carbon materials or the project is developed as a low -carbon or net -zero energy project. The partner should include when possible or provide a reference to the Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) of the materials utilized in the project. A product -specific Type III (third -party verified) EPD must be shown and reported in a third -party dataset, such as the Embodied Carbon in Construction Calculator (EC3). Interpreting Responses to Leveraging Innovation Innovation in one community can look very different from innovation in another com- munity. Partners should consider the following: How does the project leverage or demonstrate innovation for the community? What new ideas or approaches is the pro- ject incorporating? Does the project leverage collaborations and resources with NGOs, community -based groups, and other partners? The details should be clear and reasonable. For example, a proposed project in a rural community that has seen an increase in development and impervious surface might include nature -based solutions that have September 2025 P2-10 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Part 2:: not previously been used. Details should include how the project will leverage innova- tion. The details should identify the aspects of innovation being leveraged and state what project aspects incorporate this element. Qualitative Evaluation Criterion 2: Climate Change and Other Future Conditions (20 possible points) Future conditions are inherently difficult to predict. However, it would be a mistake to not acknowledge potential climate change impacts when designing a project. Planning with climate change and future conditions in mind helps a community invest in choices that protect lives and property for a longer period of time. Hazard mitigation projects that account for changes in future conditions can minimize damage and losses as well as save or restore the benefits of natural systems. The score received for Criterion 2 will depend on how well the mitigation initiative details how the project will: (1) enhance climate adaptation, (2) respond to the effects of climate change, (3) respond to the effects of other future conditions (population/demographic/land use, etc.), and (4) cite data sources, assumptions, and models. Climate change is defined as "Changes in average weather conditions that persist over multiple decades or longer. Climate change encompasses both increases and decreases in temperature, as well as shifts in precipitation, changing risk of certain types of severe weather events, and changes to other features of the climate system" (Fourth National Climate Assessment). The BRIC program may also accept the definitions of climate change of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA). Note, NASA defines climate change as "A change in the usual weather found in a place. This could be a change in how much rain a place usually gets in a year. Or it could be a change in a place's usual temper- ature for a month or season." The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) definition of climate change is also accepted by the BRIC program. EPA defines climate change as "Any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among others, that occur over several decades or longer." According to the EPA, climate change involves significant changes in average condi- tions —such as temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other aspects of cli- mate —that occur over years, decades, centuries, or longer. Climate change involves longer -term trends, such as shifts toward warmer, wetter, or drier conditions. These trends can be caused by natural variability in climate over time, as well as human activities that add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere such as burning fossil fuels for energy. The partner should indicate which definition of climate change is being used in its project narrative. September 2025 P2-11 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Criterion 2 Qualitative Criteria Scoring Points Part 2: The Projects Not at all Minimally Partially Mostly Entirely 0 5 10 15 20 FEMA works with state, local, Tribal, and territorial governments to build and deliver resources and capabilities that ensure the nation can withstand climate hazards of today and those we anticipate for tomorrow. Partners should use evidence -based, best -available climate data sets, information resources, and decision support tools, including Federal resources, to identify current and future climate risks over the pro- ject's expected service life. Climate projections, emission scenarios, or other suitable scenario conditions should be specified based on the project's service life and appli- cant's risk tolerance, as appropriate and available. Applicants should document how their planned project design and operations are resilient to any identified current and future climate risks. Partners should describe how the project will enhance climate adaptation and resili- ence using the best available data, detail how the project is being responsive to the effects of climate change (such as sea level rise), increased rainfall, increased likeli- hood of flash flood due to wildfire, etc.) and/or other future conditions (population/de- mographic/land use, etc.), and cites data sources, assumptions, and models. Be sure to include relevant information supporting this criterion, including data sources, studies, models, etc. Available data sources that partners may use as sup- porting data may include: Climate.gov, Drought.gov, Heat.gov, the Sea Leave Rise Viewer, the National Climate Assessment, the Wildfire Risk to Communities tool, Cli- mate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (CMRA) portal, the National Risk Index and the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. Cite the page number and location in the supporting data related to the qualitative criteria. Prompts for the Climate Change and Other Future Conditions Criterion Examples of future conditions include, but are not limited to, the following: expected population changes, land use and development shifts, aging population, shifts in in- come or employment, changes in housing needs, increasing temperatures, increased wildfire risk, sea level rise, more frequent high tide flooding, more intense rainfall events, increasing storm frequency, persistent and prolonged droughts, changing groundwater tables, etc. The following are additional considerations that may help complete the development of the mitigation initiative. • What anticipated future conditions are relevant for the project? • For climate adaptation, a proposed project in a coastal area that is at risk to coastal flooding due to sea level rise might include details as to how the pro- posed activities may combat climate change. Details might include anticipated September 2025 P2-12 MIrnFDade County Part 2:: rate of sea level rise, construction techniques to elevate or mitigate future flood- ing, or other information that would allow a reviewer to determine how the pro- posed project takes into account future changes. • How is the project responsive to any identified anticipated changes? Does the project integrate the consideration of future conditions into design, planning, and operations workflows? • How was the project informed by, or connected to, plans and planning efforts and the assessment of future conditions? For example, a local hazard mitiga- tion plan may identify climate change as a threat or risk and include the pro- posed project as a mitigation response. Relevant plans may include hazard mitigation plans, comprehensive plans, climate adaptation plans, long-range transportation plans, small area plans, coastal zone management plans, capital improvement plans, etc. • What data sources and assumptions are used to guide the project? For exam- ple, when citing a sea level rise projection, what time period and what scenario of sea level rise are assumed? Qualitative Evaluation Criterion 3: Implementation Measures (15 possible points) To properly implement a project, partners need to understand what is expected of them, ensure the human capital and financial resources needed to complete the pro- ject are in place, and develop a realistic timetable. If implementation measures are thoroughly developed, the partner has a roadmap to successfully meet overall project objectives. The score received for Criterion 3 will depend on how well the partner de- scribes: (1) how the costs will be managed; (2) how the schedule will be managed; (3) how the project will be successfully implemented, and how innovative techniques to facilitate implementation will be incorporated; and in its Scope of Work section, (4) the technical and managerial staff and resources available to successfully implement this project; and (5) whether and how strong labor standards are incorporated to ensure high -quality work, avert disruptive and costly delays and promote efficiency. Criterion 3 Qualitative Criteria Scoring Points Not at all Minimally Partially Mostly Entirely 0 3.75 7.5 11.25 15 Prompts for the Implementation Measures Criterion September 2025 P2-13 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Part 2: The Projects Below are additional considerations for developing the mitigation initiative. • Are strong labor standards incorporated? For example, the use of project labor agreements, requiring workers to be paid wages at or above the prevailing rate; use of local hire provisions; use of a directly employed workforce (as opposed to a subcontracted workforce); use of an appropriately skilled workforce (e.g., through registered apprenticeships or other joint labor-management training programs that serve all workers —particularly those underrepresented or his- torically excluded); and use of an appropriately credentialed workforce (i.e., satisfying requirements for appropriate and relevant pre-existing occupational training, certification, and licensure). • Does the application inspire confidence that the project can be completed suc- cessfully as designed, given the stated implementation measures? • What potential implementation challenges and obstacles are identified (e.g., technical, political, financial, public support, environmental/permitting, con- structability), and what implementation solutions are proposed to address these challenges? • How do project cost estimates and the schedule identify and address potential challenges and obstacles? • What pre- and post -implementation monitoring strategies are proposed for the project? What specific evaluation elements are proposed to measure progress and ensure the project is executed as designed? • What technical and managerial staff and resources are available to success- fully implement the project? How will anticipated staff and resource gaps be filled? • Are examples of successfully completed projects included to demonstrate ef- fective implementation measures? Qualitative Evaluation Criterion 4: Population Impacted (25 possible points) While the intensity of a hazard is important, of equal or greater importance is the iden- tification of the population impacted, many of whose demographic or socioeconomic characteristics may place its members at greater risk of harm before, during, and after a disaster. September 2025 P2-14 MIamI.Wde County Part 2:: The score received for Criterion 4 will depend on how well the sub application de- scribes: (1) community -wide benefits, (2) the proportion of the population that will be impacted, including a description of the disadvantaged communities as referenced in Executive Order 14008, (3) how the project was selected and designed to maximize positive impacts and minimize negative impacts to any disadvantaged populations as referenced in Executive Order 14008, and (4) how the proposed project clearly bene- fits a disadvantaged community. As defined in Executive Order 14008: • "A disadvantaged community may be characterized by variables including, but not limited to, low income, high and/or persistent poverty, high unemployment and underemployment, racial and ethnic segregation, linguistic isolation, high housing cost burden and substandard housing, distressed neighborhoods, high transportation cost burden and/or low transportation access, disproportionate environmental burden and high cumulative impacts, limited water and sanita- tion access and affordability, disproportionate climate impacts, high energy cost burden and low energy access, and all geographic areas within Tribal ju- risdictions." If a population impacted as demonstrated by the partner does not include a disad- vantaged community, then the highest point allotment available is Partially. Mitiga- tion initiatives that clearly state the proposed project is benefiting a disadvantaged community can score Mostly or Entirely. Partners are encouraged to document their designation as an Economically Dis- advantaged Rural Community (as referenced in Title 42 of United States Code (U.S.C.) Section 5133(a) as a small, impoverished community) or as a Community Disaster Resilience Zone (as defined in Title 42 United States Code Section 5136(a)) and if the project benefits or primarily benefits a census tract identified as disadvantaged by the Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) or Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST). Please note that the partner must explain in a narrative how the community is disadvantaged and impacted in addi- tion to attaching all supporting documentation. • Mitigation initiatives that demonstrate a direct positive impact to a disadvan- taged community will receive a score of "Mostly." • Mitigation initiatives that thoroughly describe the population impacted and demonstrate a high positive impact— including a high positive impact on a dis- advantaged community --will merit a score of "Entirely." September 2025 P2-15 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Criterion 4 Qualitative Criteria Scoring Points Part 2: The Projects Not at all Minimally Partially Mostly Entirely 0 6.75 12.5 18.75 25 Prompts for the Population Impacted Criterion Below are additional considerations for developing the mitigation initiative: • Community size, scale, and definition can vary in different local contexts. Ex- plain what "community -wide" means in the context of the proposed project. • Describe what quantity (e.g., percent) of the population will directly benefit from the project (i.e., experience direct community -wide benefits) and how the esti- mate was calculated. • The mitigation initiative should include percentages of the community's popu- lation that will directly and indirectly benefit from the project. • Explain who are the most vulnerable members of the community where the project is proposed and describe how the project will minimize negative impacts to disadvantaged members of the community. • Explain whether the project will maximize positive impacts to disadvantaged members of the community. Impacts can be directly related to the risk reduction activity or indirectly related, such as with ancillary impacts (i.e., social, environ- mental, and economic impacts). Qualitative Evaluation Criterion 5: Community Engagement and Other Outreach Activities (5 possible points) A key element in the hazard mitigation process is the discussion it promotes among community members about creating a safer, more disaster -resilient community. Com- munity engagement and other outreach activities that capture a community's values and priorities are likely to result in a project having greater legitimacy and support, leading to greater success in implementation. The score received for Criterion 5 will depend on how well the mitigation initiative de- scribes: (1) the outreach strategy and supporting activities appropriate to the project and community that advance hazard mitigation, (2) the types of community planning processes leveraged, (3) how input from a diverse range of stakeholders, including people from disadvantaged communities, was gathered and incorporated into project September 2025 P2-16 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Part 2:: conception and design, and (4) how community planning and stakeholder input will continue to be used to help direct project execution. Criterion 5 Qualitative Criteria Scoring Points Not at all Minimally Partially Mostly Entirely 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 Prompts for the Community Engagement and Other Outreach Activities Criterion Below are additional considerations for completing and/or developing a mitigation ini- tiative. • To what extent did stakeholders and/or stakeholder groups contribute to this project? What stakeholder collaboration activities occurred? What information regarding out- reach has been provided? How was the community made aware of this potential pro- ject? • What planning processes were leveraged during the development of the project pro- posal to advance mitigation? How did the project planning process ensure that the disadvantaged members of the community were involved in the planning and decision - making processes? • For example: Were town hall meetings conducted with communities impacted by the project? How many stakeholder groups were represented? Suggestion: document at- tendance and outreach efforts. • What information (e.g., resilience goals and outcomes, partnership opportunities, pro- ject implementation progress) will be shared with the public? What public outreach and engagement strategies will be used to disseminate project information to and gather feedback from stakeholders and members of the community? How will the information be shared? • What support or conflicts emerged through the project planning process? How will conflicts be resolved as the project is implemented? How is support being used to implement the project? • What are the connections between your hazard mitigation plan and local land use requirements, and how does the linkage make your community more resilient? For example, a local hazard mitigation plan may identify within the flood element that cer- tain areas of the community are at a greater risk of future flooding. Do the associated land use plans have a floodplain classification, land use classification, or zoning ordi- nance that discourages development in that floodplain? September 2025 P2-17 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty Part 2: The Projects Qualitative Evaluation Criterion 6: Leveraging Partners (5 possible points) Leveraging partners allows partners to access complementary strengths from neigh- boring communities, states, the federal government, and non-profit and private part- ners. This potentially helps the partners from a cost basis and serves the local com- munity's greater good; leveraging may come from funds or provision of in -kind ser- vices by the partner. The score received for Criterion 6 will depend on how well the mitigation initiative in- corporates: (1) partnerships (e.g., state, territory, tribal, private, district, local commu- nity) that will ensure the project meets community needs, (2) an explanation of how these partnerships benefit disadvantaged communities, and (3) an explanation of the anticipated outcome of those partnerships (e.g., leveraging resources, such as finan- cial, material, and educational resources; coordinating multi -jurisdictional projects; and a heightened focus on equity -related issues). Criterion 6 Qualitative Criteria Scoring Points Not at all Minimally Partially Mostly Entirely 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 Prompts for the Leveraging Partners Criterion Below are additional considerations for developing mitigation initiatives. • What partners were involved in the project design? How did partners contribute to the application? What partners will contribute to the implementation of the project? Partnerships can take many different forms. For example, partners may contribute financially, support and promote the proposed project, or help generate community -wide awareness of the risks the proposal is designed to address, etc. • To what extent were NGOs—including those organizations that represent dis- advantaged groups, universities, or other government entities —consulted for advice or assistance? How has collaboration with surrounding jurisdictions sup- ported project development? • To what extent have other federal programs or funding sources been leveraged for the project? To what extent have partners provided funding (or in -kind ser- vices, such as grant writing support, procurement support, expertise, supplies, etc.) that increases the non-federal cost share? September 2025 P2-18 MIrnFDade County Part 2:: • How have partnerships been used to increase community resilience? What community groups will participate in this project? What potential exists for part- nerships to continue beyond implementation of the project? September 2025 P2-19 EIA MIstml.Dads Caunty PRIORITIZED PROJECT LIST Part 2: The Projects Project information provided in this list is reported by the respective agency listed for each project. These projects are prioritized using the Benefit Cost Review BCR) process described in the previous version of this plan. Projects will be prioritized using the process described in this version of the plan when the plan is approved and formally adopted. For more information on each project, please contact the responsi- ble agency. September 2025 P2-20 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa fart 2: The Projects 2020 BCR Project Title Agency Hazards Mitigated Funding Source Estimated Costs Completion Timeframe Status 0 NE 29PL & Aventura Boulevard Aventura Flood City of Aventura 247, 000.00 10/1/20 to 4/1/21 Project Complete 0 Yacht Club Drive Drainage Improvements Aventura Flood Secured City of Aventura 750, 000.00 8/1/20 to 2/1/21 Project Complete 0 Yacht Club Drive Seawall Repairs Aventura Flood, Flood/Storm Surge City of Aventura 491, 000.00 6/20 through 2/21 Project Complete 86 Replace Above Mount Ground Fuel Tank Sinai Flood, Power Failure, Wind, Health Unknown 2,247,478.15 7/25/2022 Project Complete 87 Utility Bridge Hardening Mount Sinai Power Failure, Wind Unknown 759,622.04 6/30/2022 Project Complete 43 Potable Water Lines Pinecrest Other Unknown/None 17,674,687.50 1 year Construction/ Project Begun 74 Palmetto Island Drainage (Phase 1) Pinecrest Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge Unknown 750,000.00 1 year Construction/ Project Begun 79 Police Station Headquarters Garage Drainage Improvements Miami Beach Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise HMGP Funded Unknown Phase 1. Phase 2 TBD. 2025 Funding Secured 80 Larchmont Drainage Retrofit Project Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge Stormwater Utility 1,000,000.00 1 year after Future funding is Unfunded Project identified September 2025 P2-21 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 83 CRS Activity 420 Open Space Preservation Cutler Bay Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) 8, 000, 000.00 1 year Funding Applied for 85 West Lakes Drainage Improvements Project Phase IV 85 King's Bay Septic to Sewer Conversion Miami Lakes Coral Gables Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge, Health, Other Health, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge FEMA HMA Grants Programs Funds Secured Grant source to be determined. 1, 000, 000.00 4, 500, 000.00 2023 TBD Funding Secured Future Unfunded Project 91 Miami -Dade County, FL: Countywide Continuity of Operations Energy Resilience Project Fire Rescue Power Failure, Technological Disruption BRIC Program, Hazardous Mitigation Program 16,340,000.00 3 years Funding Applied for 92 Seal and Paint Exterior DHM Patient Tower Mount Sinai Flood, Wind, Health Hospital Funded 1,920,104.00 8/23/2023 Construction/ Project Begun 2021 BCR Project Title Agency Hazards Mitigated Funding Source Esti mated Costs Completion Status Timeframe 0 Beach Club Sewer Key Extension Biscayne Health ARP 42,000.00 FY22 Project Complete 51 NW 187 Street Drainage and Sidewalk Curbing Improvement Project (from NW 33 - 34 Court) Miami Flood Gardens Stormwater Funds 175, 000.00 6 months to Project 1 year Complete September 2025 P2-22 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 57 NW 34 Ave and Miami Flood NW 151 Ter Area Gardens Road and Drainage Improvement Project Stormwater and 800,000.00 1 Year Project CITT Funds Complete 62 NW 213 Street Miami Flood Stormwater Funds 100,000.00 1 Year Funding Drainage Gardens Secured Improvement Project (Flooding at 2931 NW 213 Street) 62 Alleyways Miami Flood, Other Stormwater Funds 30,000.00 6 months to Funding Drainage Project Gardens 1 year Secured Improvements (off NW 2 Avenue between NW 189 to 191 Street) 62 Leslie Estates Miami Flood Stormwater and 1,700,000.00 1 Year Funding Road and Gardens CITT Funds Secured Drainage Improvement Project -Phase #2 between NW 189 to 191 Street) 63 NW 195 Terrace Miami Flood Stormwater Funds 25,000.00 6 months to Project from NW 33-34 Gardens 1 year Complete Court Drainage Project 65 NW 187-199 Street Miami Flood Stormwater and 1,200,000.00 1 Year 25% complete and NW Sunshine Gardens CITT Funds State Parkway to NW 12 Avenue September 2025 P2-23 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 66 Storm water & Roadway improvements 66 NW 165 Street Area Drainage/Swale Improvement Project El Portal Flood, Sea Level Rise Miami Flood Gardens Miami -Dade 2,400,000.00 TBD County, FDEP, State of Florida Legislative Appropriations, federal government. Stormwater Funding 25,000.00 1 Year Funding Applied for Project Complete 66 NW 202 Terrace Road, Drainage and Street Parking Improvement Project (west of NE 2 Avenue Miami Gardens Flood, Other Stormwater Funding 750,000.00 1 Year Project Complete 68 Miami Springs Wind Retrofit Project Libraries - Miami Dade County Wind Submitting HMGP 173,074.00 TBD grant December 21, 2021 Funding Secured 69 NW 203 Street Area Drainage Improvement Project Miami Flood Stormwater Funds 50,000.00 Gardens 6 months to Project 1 year Complete 71 Downtown Coral Gables Drainage and Water Quality Improvements Coral Gables Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 1, 000, 000.00 May 31, 2024 Funding Secured 74 Miami Beach Regional Hardening Project Libraries- Flood/Storm Surge, Miami Wind Dade County HMGP, resilience 1,415,285.00 TBD and other Grant sources Funding Secured September 2025 P2-24 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 75 City of Miami Springs: Erosion Control and Stabilization of Drainage Miami Springs Flood, Flood/Storm State Legislation Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge $1,281,383.00 5 years Project in Planning Stage 75 Allapattah Flood Miami Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other Flooding & Sea Level Rise Resilience Plan, Miami Forever Bond 31,376,188.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 Melrose Flood Improvements Phase I Miami Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 11,029,883.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 Melrose Flood Improvements Phase II Miami Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 55,510,496.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 75 Morningside Flood Miami Improvements Phase I Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 13,627,868.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 75 Morningside Flood Miami Improvements Phase II 75 North-West Miami Wynwood Flood Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP HMGP 19,415,225.00 53, 545, 318.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 75 South-West Miami Wynwood Flood Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other CDBG MIT 31,523,773.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 Clemente Park Flood Improvements Miami Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other Miami Forever Bond 14,734,729.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 Edgewater Flood Miami Improvements Phase I Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Other Resilient Florida Grant Program 17,111,976.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured September 2025 P2-25 NbFEbb 01.41.414 116Faa Part 2: The Proje t (RFGP), Miami Forever Bond 75 Edgewater Flood Miami Improvements Phase II Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Other HMGP 18,650,223.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 75 Brickell East Flood Miami Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 23,257,426.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 75 South Shenandoah Miami & Silver Bluff Flood Improvements Phase I Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 10,100,000.00 12/31/2024 Funding Applied for 75 South Shenandoah Miami & Silver Bluff Flood Improvements Phase II Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 10,990,604.00 12/31/2024 Funding Applied for 75 East Little Havana Miami Flood Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other CDBG-MIT, Miami Forever Bond 36,894,877.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 8 Street Flood Improvements Miami Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HUD - Community Project Funding (CPF) grant, Miami Forever Bond 9, 781, 446.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 Auburndale Flood Miami Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other Resilient Florida Grant Program (RFGP), Miami Forever Bond 30,000,000.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 Shenandoah Flood Miami Improvements Phase I Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 49,433,816.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project September 2025 P2-26 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa rojects 75 Shenandoah Flood Miami Improvements Phase II Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 44,510,554.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 75 East Flagami Flood Improvements Miami Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other Resilient Florida Grant Program (RFGP), Miami Forever Bond 30,000,000.00 12/31/2024 Funding Secured 75 NE 75 Street Flood Miami Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Other HMGP 24,337,933.00 12/31/2024 Funding Applied for 75 Shorecrest North Miami Flood Improvements Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Other HMGP 11,440,377.00 12/31/2024 Future Unfunded Project 77 Design Stormwater Key Infrastructure Biscayne Improvements K-8 Basin Flood, Sea Level Rise CIP, GF, Resilient Florida 2,419,130.00 5/9/2025 Funding Applied for 79 Dade Chase - C-4 Hardening Banyan Wind Communit y Health Centers Either in-house or 430,225.57 global match 3 years Funding Secured 79 Sea wall improvements and shoreline enhancement Key Biscayne Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge N/A 47,361,600.00 2 years Future Unfunded Project 80 Thalatta Estate Shoreline Stabilization 81 complete Streets/Roadway Improvements Palmetto Flood/Storm Surge, Bay Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Key Flood, Flood/Storm Biscayne Surge, Health, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge FIND grant and 500,000.00 Village of Palmetto Bay general obligation bond 1 year or more 40,000,000.00 2021-2028 Project Complete Funding Secured September 2025 P2-27 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 81 Install Village Wide Key Security and Biscayne Surveillance System Health, Technological Disruption ARPA, GF, CIP 470,000.00 FY23 Funding Secured 82 Brickell Bay Drive Miami Seawall and Flood Improvements Flood, Sea Level HMGP Rise, Storm Surge, Other 20,000,000.00 03/31/2025 Funding Applied for 84 Replace Key Community Center Biscayne RTU Health, Power N/A Failure, Flood/Storm Surge 27, 888.00 3/25/2022 Project Complete 84 Colorama Estates/Avalon Estates Drainage Improvements Project Miami Lakes Flood, Flood/Storm DEP, FEMA, Surge, Health, Legislative Storm Surge, Other 1, 465, 455.00 2024 Future Unfunded Project 85 Resilient Infrastructure Integration Strategy/I mplemen tation Plan Key Other, Sea Level General Funds & 1,000,000.00 Biscayne Rise, Storm Surge, Stormwater Wind, Technological Disruption, Health, Flood/Storm Surge, Flood, Power Failure, Security Breach FY23 Project in Planning Stage 85 Utility Undergrounding- Phase 1 Key Biscayne Power Failure, Technological Disruption, Wind, Security Breach, Health, Other, Flood/Storm Surge, Flood General Obligation 8,500,000.00 Bond TBD Future Unfunded Project 86 Replace Key Community Center Biscayne Roof Health, Other, Technological Disruption N/A 5,200,000.00 FY23 Project in Planning Stage September 2025 P2-28 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 86 Hampton Park Improvements Key Other Biscayne Grant 50, 000.00 FY22 Project in Planning Stage 87 Replace Rescue Stretchers Key Health, Other Biscayne General Fund 170,000.00 FY23 Future Unfunded Project 87 New Little Havana Health Center - Code Plus Banyan Wind Communit y Health Centers Potential funding sources include FEMA, HMGP, HRSA, Florida House & Senate, private funders 5, 000, 000.00 3 years Funding Secured 87 Miami -Dade County, FL: Structural and Roof Rehabilitation for Multiple Miami - Dade Fire Rescue Stations Fire Rescue- Surge Miami Dade County Wind, Flood/Storm Potential HMGP 2,979,000.00 Unknown Funding Secured 88 Miami -Dade Fire Rescue Headquarters Water Intrusion Retention Wall and French Drainage System Fire Rescue- Flood Miami Dade County Flood/Storm Surge, Potential Resilient Florida Grant Program 1,150,000.00 TBD Funding Applied for 88 MDFR Fire Station Fire Wind Hardening Project Rescue - Miami Dade County 89 Seal and Paint Exterior Blum Patient Tower Potential HMGP grant Mount Flood/Storm Surge, Hospital funding Sinai Health, Wind 2,000,000.00 TBD Future Unfunded Project 500,000.00 08/23/2023 50% complete September 2025 P2-29 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 'art 2: The Projects 89 Miami Fire Rescue Miami - Fire Station 6 Hardening Wind, Security Breach, Power Failure, Technological Disruption Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) - Potential 279,265.00 12/1/2025 Funding Secured 90 Blum Patient Mount Tower Hardening Sinai Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Wind, Storm Surge Possible grant opportunity 16,000,000.00 18 months Future Unfunded Project 90 Greene Patient and Medical Education Tower Hardening Mount Sinai Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Wind Possible grant opportunity 7,000,000.00 18 months Future Unfunded Project 90 Ascher Support Services Building Hardening Mount Sinai Flood, Flood/Storm Possible grant Surge, Wind, Health opportunity 9,000,000.00 18 months Future Unfunded Project 92 Solar Microgrid for Flood Risk Mitigation at Miami -Dade Fire Rescue Headquarters and Emergency Operations Center Fire Rescue- Surge Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Potential Resilient 28,625,019.00 TBD Florida Grant Program Potential BRIC Other 97 Improvements to access and parking to account for sea level rise Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Flood, Sea Level Rise, Flood/Storm Surge Florida DEP Protecting Florida Together Funding 2,500,000.00 06/01/2023 Future Unfunded Project September 2025 P2-30 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 97 Design plan to improve stormwater management for South Dade Landfill Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Florida DEP Resilience Project Grant 1, 500, 000.00 12/30/2023 Funding Secured 97 Feasibility study for a location of a new Waste to Energy (WTE) plant Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Florida DEP Resilience Projects Grant 500, 000.00 12/31/2022 Future Unfunded Project 97 Storm Water Drainage Improvements for Snapper Creek Trash and Recycling Center Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Florida DEP Resilience Projects Grant 250, 000.00 12/30/2023 Future Unfunded Project 2022 BCR Project Title Agency Hazards Mitigated Funding Source Estimated Costs Completion Timeframe Status 68 Immediate Flood Key Flood Control Solutions Biscayne CIP 1, 000, 000.00 TBD Project in Planning Stage 69 Miami Beach Regional Library Resilience Grant Libraries- Wind, Flood/Storm Miami Surge, Sea Level Dade Rise County Florida Department of Environmental Protection Agency 800, 000.00 TBD Funding Secured September 2025 P2-31 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 70 Village -Wide Stormwater Master Plan Implementation Pinecrest Flood Grants 12,750,000.00 1 year Future Unfunded Project 73 Zone 7 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements Key Biscayne Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Flood, Wind, Other CIP, GOB, CWSRF 40,000,000.00 TBD Future Unfunded Project 73 Main Library Libraries - Resilience Grant Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise GOB and Library Taxing District Construction Fund 1,520,000.00 TBD Other 78 Offshore Breakwater Submerged Structure Implementation Key Biscayne Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Other Potential grants like Resilient Florida, NFWF NCRF, or coral reef restoration grants. 15,340,000.00 2027 Future Unfunded Project 79 FS3/Fire Administration/ Logistics Hardening Miami Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Wind, Technological Disruption, Power Failure, Security Breach Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMPG) 650, 000.00 45 months Future Unfunded Project 80 Utility Undergrounding - Phase 2 Key Power Failure, Wind CIP, GOB Biscayne 30,000,000.00 TBD Future Unfunded Project 83 Modify Rights of Key Way for Flood Biscayne Reduction Flood, Sea Level Rise, Flood/Storm Surge General Obligation 750,000.00 2027 Bond Future Unfunded Project 83 City of Hialeah Hialeah Flood, Flood/Storm BRIC FY22 - Surge, Power BRIC 543,049.29 TBD Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-32 NbtEbb E14010 116®aa Critical Facility Backup Generator Failure, Storm Surge, Wind Part 2: The Proje t 83 Develop risk reduction ordinances Key Flood, Flood/Storm Biscayne Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Security Breach, Storm Surge, Technological Disruption, Wildfire, Wind, Other General Fund or 350,000.00 2024 General Obligation Bond Future Unfunded Project 84 Montrose Road from Oak Lane to NW 154th Street Drainage Improvements Project 84 West Lakes Gardens Third Addition Drainage Project Miami Lakes Miami Lakes Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge, Other Legislative 741,421.00 2024 Flood, Flood/Storm State Legislative 490,447.00 2024 Surge, Other, Storm Funding Surge Funding Secured Funding Secured 86 Construct Pump Station in K-8 Stormwater Basin 86 Zone 2 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements Key Biscayne Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Power Failure, Wind Key Flood, Flood/Storm Biscayne Surge, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind, Other, Health Clean Water State 11,979,008.00 2026 Revolving Loan Fund, Resilient Florida (FDEP) CIP, CWSRF, General Obligation Bond 30,000,000.00 TBD Funding Applied for Future Unfunded Project 86 Zone 3 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements Key Biscayne Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea CIP, CWSRF, 33,000,000.00 TBD General Obligation Bond Future Unfunded Project September 2025 P2-33 NbFEbb 01.41.414 116Faa Part 2: The Proje t Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind, Other 86 Zone 4 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements Key Biscayne Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind, Other CIP, General Obligation Bond, CWSRF 36,000,000.00 TBD Future Unfunded Project 86 Zone 5 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements 86 Zone 6 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements Key Flood, Flood/Storm Biscayne Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind, Other Key Storm Surge, Flood, Biscayne Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Wind, Other CIP, General Obligation Bond, CWSRF CIP, General Obligation Bond, CWSRF 36,000,000.00 TBD 43,000,000.00 TBD Future Unfunded Project Future Unfunded Project 86 Zone 7 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements Key Biscayne Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Wind, Other, Storm Surge CIP, GOB, CWSRF 43,000,000.00 TBD Future Unfunded Project 86 Zone 8 Resilient Infrastructure Improvements Key Biscayne Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind, Other CIP, GOB, CWSRF 43,000,000.00 TBD Future Unfunded Project 87 Procure Mobile Generator for Pump Stations Key Biscayne Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Technological Disruption, Health, General Fund 150,000.00 2024 Future Unfunded Project September 2025 P2-34 NbFEbb 01.41.414 116Faa `'cart 2: The Proje ,t Other, Wind, Security Breach 87 Replace Two Fire Key Rescue Trucks Biscayne Flood/Storm Surge, Flood, Health, Security Breach, Storm Surge, Wildfire, Wind, Other CIP 1, 000, 000.00 2026 Funding Secured 87 Loch Lomond Phase II Drainage Improvements Project 89 Renourish Beach and Restore Dunes Miami Lakes Key Biscayne Flood/Storm Surge, State Legislative 920,000.00 2024 Flood, Storm Surge, Funding Secured Other, Health Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge CIP, Beach Management Assistance Funding, State Appropriations 2, 800, 000.00 2024 Funding Secured Funding Secured 89 Construct Northwest Boundary Berm Key Biscayne Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Will require grant 19,500,000.00 2028 assistance, local contribution, and other funding sources to complete. Future Unfunded Project 89 Miami Fire Rescue Miami - Fire Station 3 Hardening Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Wind, Security Breach, Technological Disruption, Storm Surge HMGP 745,925.00 36 months Future Unfunded Project 92 EOC Generator Hialeah UPS replacement Power Failure BRIC Grant 236, 928.80 30 days Funding Secured 96 Stormwater Solid Improvements — Waste - Miami Flood Statewide Flooding and Sea Level Rise 500,000.00 12/31/2025 Funding Secured September 2025 P2-35 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 'art 2: The Projects Northeast Transfer Dade Station County Resilience Plan Grant 96 Stormwater Improvements — West Transfer Station Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Flood/Storm Surge Statewide Flooding and Sea Level Rise Resilience Plan Grant 500,000.00 12/31/2025 Funding Secured 56 Hardening of Miami Miami City Ballet Beach Building Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind Potential grant funding Unknown 2019 Project Complete 61 Village Seawall and Dock Renovation Bal Harbor Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge, Other, Sea Level Rise Capital Projects Reserved Funding. A FIND construction grant was recently secured to support with construction. 1, 500, 000.00 1 year Project Complete 74 EC2 Expansion- Mount Phase III Sinai Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind FDOH Grant 4,200,000.00 2021 Project Complete 80 PG5- Market Station First Floor Shutter Installation Florida Inter- national University Wind HMGP Unknown More than 1 Project Complete year 82 PG5 Market Station Generator Installation Florida Inter- national University Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Power Failure, Technological Disruption, Wind HMGP Unknown More than 1 Project Complete year September 2025 P2-36 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 88 Seawalls: Miami Convention Center Beach Dr to Washington Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Unknown Unknown 2022 Project Complete 2023 BCR Project Title Agency Hazards Mitigated Funding Source Esti mated Costs Completion Status Timeframe 85 Franjo Park Restoration and Upgrades Cutler Bay Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind Budgeted for in fiscal year(s) 2017-18 & 2019- 20 1,800,000.00 2 years Project Complete 84 Saga Bay 1.5 Drainage Improvement Cutler Bay Flood, Health Stormwater Utility Fund 1,100, 000.00 1 year Project Complete 83 Cutler Ridge Section 3 Drainage Improvement Cutler Bay Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Technological Disruption, Health Florida Small Cities Department of Economic Opportunity (CDBG) and Stormwater Utility Fund. Submitted as part of Legislative Priority 2018-06; State Appropriations granted $200,000 for design. 1, 325, 000.00 18 months Project Complete 77 Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Relocation/Expansi on Project Doral Flood, Other General Fund Unknown FY 2018- 2019 Project Complete September 2025 P2-37 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 55 NE 34th Avenue Drainage Improvements Aventura Flood City of Aventura 770, 000.00 10/1/22 - 6/1 /23 75% complete 64 City of Hialeah City-wide Storm water Master Plan Hialeah Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Storm Surge Match will be 775,000.00 36 months Funding provided with Applied for General funds upon approval 65 Coral Gables Country Club Emergency Generator Coral Gables Power Failure Potential 800,000.00 1 year Future Unfunded Project 65 Youth Center Emergency Generator Coral Gables 67 Aventura Parking Mount Lot Injection Well Sinai Power Failure Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Potential Unsecured 350,000.00 1 year Future Unfunded Project 1,000,000.00 1 years Future Unfunded Project 73 130-1 NW 99th Medley Terrace Connector Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge State Legislation 2,034,700.00 2024 and FEMA Funding Applied for 73 Homestead JD Redd Park Wind d Mitigation Retrofit Homestea Wind RFP-DEM-22-23- 026: Hurricane Loss Mitigation Program 194,000.00 1 year Funding Secured 73 Citywide Critical Asset Management System 74 Vizcaya Village Flood and Wind Mitigation (Garage & Mechanic's Shop) Aventura Technological Disruption, Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Power Failure, Other Vizcaya Museum and Gardens Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Wind Unsecured Potential - HMGP 95,000.00 1 to 2 years Project in Planning Stage 2, 000, 000.00 Dec. 31, 2026 Future Unfunded Project September 2025 P2-38 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 74 Vizcaya Casino Flood & Wind Mitigation Vizcaya Museum and Gardens Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Wind, Storm Surge Potential - HMGP 900,000.00 .tc3roje 09/30/2026 Project Deferred 74 Emergency By - Pass Pump Sanitary/Storm Coral Gables Health, Flood/Storm Surge, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise Potential 200,000.00 1 year Future Unfunded Project 75 EOC Generator and Enclosure University Power Failure, of Miami Wind, Flood, Security Breach, Technological Disruption HMGP DR-4673 Hurricane lan 926,386.00 36 months Future Unfunded Project 75 Vizcaya Drainage Improvement - Main Gardens Vizcaya Museum and Gardens Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Potential - HMGP 900,000.00 09/30/2026 Project Deferred 76 6th Avenue Drainage Improvements Homestea Flood, Health d Federal This is a 50/50 matching grant. 2,900,000.00 3 Years Funding Secured 77 Phoenix Manor I - Banyan External Hardening Communit y Health Centers Wind, Power Failure, Health HMGP-DR-4673 - 2,807,577.01 Hurricane lan + In - kind & cash match 36 months Funding Applied for 77 Leslie Estates Road and Drainage Project - Phase III 80 Banyan Health RRC Load Path Hardening Miami Flood Gardens Banyan Wind, Health Communit y Health Centers Stormwater along 1,500,000.00 2025 with CITT Funding with State Appropriation Funding. FEMA HMGP-DR- 4673 Hurricane lan + in -kind match + cash match (potential) Funding Secured 1,142,199.74 36 months Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-39 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 80 Stormwater Improvement Project Sub Basin NW 33 ST Doral Flood/Storm Surge, Flood 75% Federal Share 25% City of Doral- Stormwater Fund 973837.44 3 years Future Unfunded Project 81 Vizcaya Drainage Vizcaya Improvement -East Museum side of estate and Gardens Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Power Failure, Technological Disruption Potential - HMGP 1,800,000.00 09/30/2026 Future Unfunded Project 81 City-wide Flood Sensors Hialeah Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge The match will be 2,776,920.16 36 months Funding paid from the City Applied for of Hialeah General Fund 81 City of Hialeah - Drainage Improvement Project 1 Hialeah Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge Match will be paid 2,168,390.30 36 Months Funding from General Applied for Funds 82 Upgrading Critical Facility Generators for Enhanced Support and Resilience 82 Hardened 911 Communication and Emergency Operations Center Miami Power Failure, Shores Health, Security Breach, Technological Disruption Aventura Wind, Flood/Storm Surge Our Matching Portion would come from our Capital Budget. General Funds, Police Forfeiture Funds 750,000.00 12 months Future Unfunded Project 2, 500, 000.00 1 to 2 years Future Unfunded Project 83 Emergency Power Generator for Police & Emergency Operations Center Aventura Power Failure City of Aventura, FY 24 general funds 550,000.00 1 Year Project in Planning Stage September 2025 P2-40 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 84 Emergency Shelter Generator Replacement MacTown Health, Power Failure, Technological Disruption, Security Breach HMGP or County 548,002.00 6 months Funding or City funds Applied for 84 City of Hialeah - Drainage Improvement Project 3 85 Utility Undergrounding - Phase 2 Hialeah Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge Key Biscayne Flood, Health, Power Failure, Other, Wind, Technological Disruption Match will be paid 5,216,255.60 36 Months Funding from General Applied for Funds General Obligation 8,500,000.00 2027 Bond Future Unfunded Project 85 Utility Undergrounding - Phase 3 85 7 Generators for 7 traffic light intersections throughout the city Key Health, Power Biscayne Failure, Security Breach, Technological Disruption, Wind, Other, Flood, Flood/Storm Surge West Miami Power Failure General Obligation 8,500,000.00 2030 Bond Potential 2023 HMGP grant application cycle 40, 000.00 2 years or more Future Unfunded Project Future Unfunded Project 86 Drainage and Roadway Improvements Residential and Commercial areas (Zones 3, 4, and 5) Opa- Locka Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health City of Opa-Locka 21,577,269.00 36 months Project in and State Planning Stage Revolving Loans from Florida Department of Environmental Protection September 2025 P2-41 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa rojects 86 Jackson Memorial Generator Plant Upgrade Jackson Health System - Miami Dade County Public Health Trust Power Failure, Health, Technological Disruption, Other BRIC, HMGP, FLDEO 5,000,000.00 30 months Future Unfunded Project 86 Stormwater Improvement Project Sub Basin E7 87 Improvements to NE 213th Street Basin Doral Flood, Flood/Storm Surge Aventura Flood, Flood/Storm Surge FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program cycle for Hurricane Nicole (FEMA 4680-DR- F L) Stormwater Utility Fund 515,181.63 3 years 8,000,000.00 3 Years Future Unfunded Project Project in Planning Stage 87 Stormwater Pump Station 1 & 2, pump replacement and upgrades 87 Uninterruptible Power System Police Department West Miami Homestea d Flood, Health, Power Failure Power Failure, Technological Disruption HMGP and State funds Hurricane lan (FEMA 4673-DR- FL) 75% with 25% Match 571, 000.00 79, 000.00 1 year 1 year Funding Applied for Funding Applied for 87 Retrofit of Fire Department Headquarters Building Hialeah Health, Wind Match will be paid 595,414.00 36 Months Funding with General funds Applied for 87 West Miami Standby Generators for four (4) Lift Stations West Miami Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure Potential funding 300,000.00 source is HMGP for the October 20, 2023, application 2-3 years Project in Planning Stage September 2025 P2-42 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 'art 2: The Projects 87 Westchester Emergency Department 88 Miami -Dade, FL: Miami -Dade Fire Rescue Station 03 Hardening Project 88 Dade Chase Admin Building 88 City of Hialeah - Drainage Improvement Project 2 Miami -Dade, FL: Miami -Dade Fire Rescue Station 34 Hardening Project 89 89 Miami Fire Rescue - Fire Station 7 Hardening 89 Yacht Club Drive Seawall Hardening Mount Sinai Health, Other Fire Wind Rescue - Miami Dade County cycle. Funding match of 25% Legislative 4,000,000.00 appropriation request Potential Hazard 1,000,000.00 TBD Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) 2024-2025 Banyan HMGP-DR-4673- Communit Hurricane lan and y Health In -kind and cash Centers match Hialeah Flood, Flood/Storm Match will be paid 1,278,870.25 Surge, Storm Surge from General funds 1,168,171.61 Fire Rescue - Miami Dade County Miami Aventura Wind, Power Failure, Health Wind Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge, Technological Disruption, Wind, Flood, Security Breach Storm Surge Potential Hazard 1,250,000.00 Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMPG) City of Aventura and FDEP 36 months Project in Planning Stage Future Unfunded Project Funding Applied for 36 Months Funding Applied for TBD Future Unfunded Project 551,325.00 48 Months Funding Applied for 3, 000, 000.00 9/1/23 - Project in 9/1/25 Planning Stage September 2025 P2-43 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 89 Stormwater Drainage and Roadway Improvements to NE 191 Street System Aventura Flood, Flood/Storm Aventura Surge, Storm Surge Stormwater Utility Fund 6,500,000.00 1 to 2 years Project in Planning Stage 89 Improvements to NE 27th Avenue System 90 Perform Immediate Key Flood Control and Biscayne Mitigation Aventura Flood, Flood/Storm Surge Flood/Storm Surge, Flood, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Stormwater Utility Fund State appropriations, Village stormwater revenue fund, and general fund from CIP 4,000,000.00 1 to 2 years Project in Planning Stage 1, 055, 250.00 2025 Funding Secured 90 Miami -Dade Fire Fire Rescue Stations Rescue- 01, 03, & 15 Miami Hardening Project Dade Including Roof County 90 Roof Replacement Mount Sinai Wind Health, Wind, Other, Technological Disruption Potential Hazard 1,953,487.20 TBD Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) HMGP: Hurricane Nicole 4,974,680.00 2027 Funding Applied for Future Unfunded Project 91 Miami -Dade Fire Rescue Headquarters Hardening Project Fire Rescue - Miami Dade County Wind Potential Hazard Unknown Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) TBD Future Unfunded Project 91 Miami -Dade Fire Rescue Stations 34, 51, 53, & 56 Hardening Project Fire Rescue - Miami Dade County Wind Potential Hazard Mitigation Grant Project (HMGP) 2,163,277.20 TBD Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-44 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 91 Roof, Wind and Enclosure Protection Mount Sinai Wind, Power Failure, Other, Technological Disruption, Health Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) DR-4673 Hurricane lan $3,000,000.00 2027 Future Unfunded Project 91 Miami Fire Rescue Miami - Fire Station 5 Hardening Security Breach, Storm Surge, Technological Disruption, Power Failure, Wind, Flood/Storm Surge Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMPG) 714,477.74 48 Months Funding Applied for 92 Miami -Dade Fire Rescue Stations HQ IT, 21,54&55 Generator Installments Fire Rescue - Miami Dade County Wind, Power Failure, Flood/Storm Surge Potential Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) 1,274,548.80 TBD Funding Applied for 92 Generator Replacement for Water Treatment Facility North Miami Beach Power Failure Currently, working with WIFIA funds and Water Revenues Bond 3,358,216 1 year 25% complete 92 Improvements to NE 207 Street Basin Aventura Flood, Flood/Storm Surge Stormwater utility Fund 2, 500, 000.00 1 to 2 years Project in Planning Stage 93 Miami -Dade County Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Direct Technical Assistance Emergenc y Manageme nt Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise This grant program provides technical assistance, not grant funding. Unknown 3 years Project in Planning Stage 93 Miami Fire Rescue Miami - Fire Station 1 Hardening Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Security Breach, Storm Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMPG) 375, 000.00 48 Months Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-45 NbFEbb 01.41.414 116Faa Part 2: The Proje t Surge, Technological Disruption, Wind 0 Presidential Estates Pump Station and Drainage Improvements Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Applying for Surge, Sea Level Grants Rise 3, 000, 000.00 1 year after funding is identified Future Unfunded Project 0 Drainage Conveyance west of NE10AVE at Lake Belmar Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Applying for Surge, Sea Level Grants Rise, Storm Surge, Wind 1, 000, 000.00 2 years from Project in funding Planning Stage allocation 0 NE 26 AVE Pump Station and Drainage System Hardening Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Applying for grants 3,000,000.00 Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge 2 years from Future funding Unfunded allocation Project 0 Public Works Department Compound Flood Protection Coral Gables Flood Potential 500,000.00 1 year Future Unfunded Project 0 2023 Friedland Manor Pump Stations & Dry Retention Pond Restoration Florida Flood City HMGP 1,383,031.18 TBD Future Unfunded Project 0 Hazard Mitigation Wind Retrofit Fire Station 2 Miami Beach Wind HMGP Unknown Unknown Project Complete 0 Hardening of Affordable Housing Neptune Wind Retrofit Miami Beach Wind HMGP Unknown Unknown Project Complete September 2025 P2-46 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 0 Public Works Yard Miami Beach Flood None obtained Unknown Unknown Future Unfunded Project 0 Madeleine Village Wind Retrofit & Flood Proofing Miami Beach Wind, Flood HMGP Unknown Unknown Construction/ Project Begun 0 Elevation of 2 Repetitive Loss Private Properties Miami Beach Flood/Storm Surge FEMA FMA - Unknown selected for further review. Unknown Funding Secured 0 United Way Miami United Ansin Building Way Wind Retrofit (TB) Wind HMGP 877,027.00 TBD Funding Applied for 0 Swale Re -shaping Miami Projects (as Gardens needed) Flood Stormwater Funding 150,000.00 2024 Funding Secured 0 NW 171 St and NW 2 Court Drainage Project Miami Flood Gardens Stormwater Funding 400,000.00 2025 Funding Secured 0 16411 NW 37 Court Drainage Project Miami Flood Gardens Stormwater Funding 150,000.00 2024 Funding Secured 2024 BCR Project Title Agency Hazards Mitigated Funding Source Esti mated Costs Completion Status Timeframe 61 Critical Facility Improvement El Portal Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise, Security Breach, Storm Surge, Technological Disruption Federal, state, county 1,800,000.00 One year Project in Planning Stage September 2025 P2-47 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 64 Biscayne Gardens Pump Station Retrofit 65 Drainage Improvement Project for NE 185th Street from NE 2nd Court to Primary Canal C-9 Public Schools - Miami Dade County Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise SWU, GOB, FEMA, FDEP, Grants SWU, FEMA, FDEP, Grants 2, 500, 000.00 770, 500.00 2 years after Project in funding is Planning Stage approved 2 years after Project in funding is identified Planning Stage 65 Drainage Improvement Project for NE 189 St from NE 4 CT to NE 6 Ave Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood/Storm Surge, SWU, FEMA, Flood, Sea Level FDEP, Grants Rise 715,000.00 2 years after Future Unfunded funding is Project identified 65 SW 16 St from SW Public 73 Ave to SW 72 Works - Ave Drainage Miami Improvements Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise SWU, GOB, FEMA, FDEP grants 500, 000.00 2 years after Project in funding is Planning Stage approved 65 Storm Water Improvements to the 58th Street Collections Building in Miami - Dade County 68 Miami -Dade County, FL; Homeless Assistance Center - South Hardening Project Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge Homeless Wind Trust Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Resilient Florida Grant HMGP 1,200,000.00 December Funding 2028 Applied for 2,928,111.00 TBD Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-48 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 71 Main Library Resilience Grant Libraries- Flood, Flood/Storm Miami Surge Dade County Florida Department of Environmental Protection 1,500.00 TBD Funding Secured 72 Recreation West Community Center Miami Expansion Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Wind, Other Potential BRIC FY 6,700,000.00 2024-2025 2-3 years Construction/ Project Begun 74 Recreational West Center Hardening Miami Power Failure, Flood/Storm Surge, Wind, Other Potential HMGP 1, 000, 000.00 2-3 years Project in Planning Stage 75 City of Hialeah - Hialeah Critical Facility Wind Retrofit Wind City of Hialeah General Funds 5,833,771.85 36 Months Funding Applied for 75 City of Miami Fire Miami Station #13 Flood Mitigation 77 Kendall Campus, Building 6 Hurricane Wind Projection Miami Dade College Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Storm Surge Wind BRIC 900,000.00 36 Months Future Unfunded Potential HMGP 2,111,772.00 TBD Project Future Unfunded Project 77 Royal Green Drainage Improvements Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm SWU Surge, Sea Level Rise 4, 500, 000.00 2 years after Project in funding is Planning Stage approved 78 Miami -Dade County; Chapman Partnership North Hardening, Wind Retrofit - Infrastructure Retrofit Homeless Wind, Other Trust HMGP 1,296,610 TBD Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-49 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 79 Northeast Dade Aventura Library Resilience Upgrade Grant Libraries - Miami Dade County Flood/Storm Surge, Potential FDEP Flood, Sea Level Rise 2, 500, 000.00 TBD Funding Applied for 81 Construct Zone 1 Upgraded Stormwater I nfrastructure Outfalls Key Flood Biscayne Potential HMGP $1,468,202 2027 Future Unfunded Project 81 Drainage for Sub- Palmetto Basin 41 Bay 81 Drainage for Sub- Palmetto Basin 11 Bay Flood, Flood/Storm Surge Flood, Flood/Storm Surge Unidentified/ Potential HMGP Unidentified/ Potential HMGP 1,270,000.00 1, 450, 000.00 36 months Future Unfunded Project 36 months Future Unfunded Project 81 Miami Dade NW 39 St from NW 29 Ave to 30 Ave Drainage Improvement Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood, Sea Level Rise Grants, SWU, GOB 1, 500, 000.00 2 years after Funding funding is Applied for approved 81 NW 7 Street (Midway Pump Station) Improvements Public Works - Miami Dade County Flood Grants, SWU, GOB 1, 500, 000.00 2 years after Future funding is Unfunded approved Project 83 City of South Miami Stormwater Masterplan South Miami Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Mitigation Federal Non -Disaster Programs, FMA and BRIC 278, 045.00 12/2025 Project in Planning Stage 86 Lakes by the Bay Basin Design Cutler Bay Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Other Partially Funded with ARPA 10,052,509.00 1 year Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-50 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 87 #2 Freidland Pump Florida Capacity Upgrade City Flood, Flood/Storm Self -funded Surge, Storm Surge 275,000.00 12 Months Future Unfunded Project 90 Jackson Memorial Hospital Solar and Generator Project Jackson Health System - Miami Dade County Public Health Trust Health, Power Failure, Technological Disruption, Other 2024 FEMA BRIC 12,000,000.00 9 months Future Unfunded Project 91 MDFR USAR Fire Complex Retrofit Rescue - Miami Dade County Jackson Health System - Miami Dade County Public Health Trust 91 Jackson Health System Information Technology Security Project Wind, Storm Surge Potential HMGP 3,434,733.75 3 years Funding Applied for Health, Power Failure, Security Breach, Technological Disruption 1. FEMA Cybersecurity Grant 2. FEMA BRIC 3. FEMA FMA 16,000,000.00 24 months Future Unfunded Project 91 Jackson Memorial Hospital Wind Retrofit and Rollup Doors Project Jackson Flood/Storm Surge, FEMA BRIC Health Health, Wind, Other System - Miami Dade County Public 8,000,000.00 18 months Future Unfunded Project September 2025 P2-51 NbFEbb 01.41.414 50 PIP 0.4 116Faa 7aart 2: The Proje ,t Health Trust 93 MDFR (RWD) Retrofit at Stations #14, 43, and 50 Fire Rescue - Miami Dade County Flood/Storm Surge, Potential HMGP 2,315,550.30 3 years Funding Wind Applied for 93 MDFR (WD) Retrofit at Stations #48, 52, 55, 57, 65, and 66 93 Jackson Memorial Hospital Geothermal Chiller Cooling Fire Wind, Flood/Storm Potential HMGP 2,785,944.00 3 years Funding Rescue- Surge Applied for Miami Dade County Jackson Health System - Miami Dade County Public Health Trust Power Failure, Health, Technological Disruption, Other HMGP 6,000,000.00 16 months Future Unfunded Project 95 Miami -Dade County Miami River Canal C-6 Basin Improvements Project Phase 2 (Secondary Canals) 95 Miami -Dade County Snake Creek Canal C-9 Basin Improvements Regulatory and Economic Resources - Miami Dade County Flood, Sea Level Stormwater Utility 17,500,000.00 2029 Rise and FDEP Resilient Florida Program Regulatory Flood, Sea Level and Rise Economic Resources - Miami Stormwater Utility 11,000,000.00 2029 and FDEP Resilient Florida Program Funding Applied for Funding Applied for September 2025 P2-52 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa Part 2: The Projects Project Phase 3 (Secondary Canals) Dade County 95 Stormwater Improvements - Northeast Transfer Station Phase II 95 Stormwater Improvements - West Transfer Station Phase II Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Solid Waste - Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise FDEP Resilient Florida Grant Program matching source Waste Disposal Operating Fund FDEP Resiliency Florida Grant Program and DSWM Waste Disposal Operating Fund 700, 000.00 January 2028 Funding Applied for 700,000.00 June 2028 Funding Applied for 0 MDFR HQ Windows/Glass Replacement 0 Par 3/Bayshore Park Retention Lake Fire Rescue - Miami Dade County Miami Beach Wind, Storm Surge, Flood/Storm Surge, Other UASI 2023 1,000,000.00 Federal Legislative Request Flood Resilient FL Grant Unknown Awarded 1 year Funding Applied for 2025-2026 Funding Secured 0 First Street Neighborhood Improvement Project Miami Beach Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Unsecured. FDEP Unknown Resilient FL Program, USDOT Protect Program, and PROTECT. TBD Funding Applied for 0 Mitigation of Air Rescue Helicopter Hangers Air Rescue North Fire Flood, Flood/Storm Rescue- Surge, Wind, Other Miami Dade County Potential BRIC 1,500,000.00 1 year Future Unfunded Project September 2025 P2-53 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 0 Chuck Petzoldt Libraries - Library State Miami Public Library Dade Construction Grant County Other Florida Public Library Construction Grant - State funded- 9,400,000.00 TBD Funding Secured 0 Miami -Dade Fire Wells Fire Wildfire Rescue - Miami Dade County Potential BRIC 1,500,000.00 3 years Future Unfunded Project 0 Miami -Dade County, MDFR HQ Storm Water Mitigation and Drainage System Fire Rescue- Surge Miami Dade County Flood, Flood/Storm Potential BRIC 2,500,000.00 3 years Future Unfunded Project 0 Brickell Roadway Miami and Drainage Improvements Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Unknown 1,300,000.00 Unknown Project Complete 0 Commerce Way Drainage Improvements Miami Lakes Flood Stormwater Utility 2,900,000.00 Unknown Project Complete System Revenue Bonds Series 2021 0 Upgrade of Pump Station 137 — Mashta Island Water and Sewer- Sea Level Rise Miami Dade County Flood, Storm Surge, Unknown 3,000,000.00 Unknown Project Complete 58 Granada Pro Shop Coral Hurricane Gables Mitigation - Impact Windows Wind Post -Disaster Funding Program 150,000.00 Unknown Project Complete 63 Pump Station Cocoplum 1 Emergency Generator Coral Gables Flood/Storm Surge, Health, Power Failure, Sea Level Rise Sanitary Sewer Unknown Fund 12/1/2020 Project Complete September 2025 P2-54 NbtEbb E14011 116®aa 68 North Campus, bldg. 900 Hurricane Protection Miami Flood, Flood/Storm Unknown Dade Surge College 55,052.00 Unknown Project Complete 73 Kendall Campus Miami Bldg. 9000 Dade College Wind HMGP 206,521.00 1 year Project Complete 76 North Central Library Hardening Project 82 South Dade Regional Installation of Roof Replacement and Impact Windows Storefront Libraries- Wind Miami Dade County Libraries- Flood, Wind Miami Dade County FEMA PDM 2019 35,293.71 and HMGP 2020 HMGP 2018 - Unknown PDM 2019 PDM funding approved for FY20-21 Unknown Project Complete 2018 Project Complete 84 Venetian Islands — Miami Neighborhood Beach Improvements Flood, Flood/Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Unknown Unknown 2020 Project Complete 85 City #2 Gravity Sewer Capacity Improvement Project Coral Gables Flood/Storm Surge HMGP 1,565,000 2/28/2024 Project Complete September 2025 P2-55 Part 2: The Projects CASE STUDIES Miami -Dade County has a rich history of mitigating against hazards as well as a ded- ication to it in the present. As a county, our greatest mitigation efforts began following Hurricane Andrew through FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs. Since then, we have been committed to reinforcing our critical infrastructure and property to withstand disasters. This section is meant to capture some of the substantial recent efforts made by the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group which have contributed to our resilience. September 2025 P2-56 2020-2024 Projects summary The summary below depicts active mitigation projects for which WebEOC data was readily available and updated by partners; it is not reflective of all mitigation actions undertaken by Miami -Dade County departments, municipalities, or partners within this timeframe. # of projects Infrastructure Projects that involve the engineering of infrastructure systems (energy, telecom, water, transportation) to be more resistant to the impacts of hazards. Projects that involve the modification/retrofit of existing buildings or structures to protect them from a hazard, or remove them from the hazard area. Projects that invest in equipment to protect people and property, or increase the capacity of emergency response during and immediately Following a disaster event. Emergency Services Equipment Planning Projects centered on administrative or planning actions and processes that influence the way systems, land, or buildings are upgraded or built. Coastat & Natural Resource Protection 3.5% 3.5% TOTAL:247 Projects focused on preserving or restoring the functions of natural or coastal systems in addition to minimizing the hazard losses. P2-57 53.5% County Department MIAMI DADE PUBLIC LIBRARY SYSTEM AliaBuilding Envelope Retrofits 2012-2023 •••••• • • • • • What was done? Over the course of eleven years, MDPLS has completed retrofit projects to bring eight of their facilities into code compliance. The scope of work consisted of replacing existing windows, doors, and roofs with wind resistant high -impact ones. Additionally, in 2023, the North Dade Regional Library Branch was arrayed with the first -ever large-scale solar panel installation on a county building. How did it help? These projects have successfully protected the integrity of the building envelope and reduced potential damage from wind events. By doing so, MDPLS has guaranteed the continuity of vital services to many communities after disasters like hurricane Irma in 2017. How much did it cost? Each project ranged from $26,000 to $650,000 What hazards does it mitigate? Wind, Hurricanes Municipality CUTLER BAY Saga Bay Water Quality Improvement Project Before ♦ r ♦ ; r • ♦rr♦rr ♦rr♦♦r r r♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦r♦♦♦ vainly What was done? The project consisted of drainage improvements, exfiltration trench for water quality treatment, roadway resurfacing, pavement markings, and site restoration. How did it help? This project is one of many that have improved the stormwater management system to prevent flooding in Cutler Bay neighborhoods. How much did it cost? $840,000 What hazard does it mitigate? Flooding After Municipality CITY OF MIAMI Brickell Roadway & Drainage Improvements 2024 What was done? Street improvements were done to include milling and resurfacing, a pump station, deep drainage wells, and limited roadside reconstruction along streets. How did it help? The area where the project was completed is known to flood significantly. After the drainage improvements, the effects of flooding have decreased, making the busy area more accessible for the public during and after heavy rain events, How much did it cost? $1.3 Million What hazard does it mitigate? Flooding • P2-60 County ❑epartment DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORATION & PUBLIC WORKS Improved Flood Control Structures - . What was done? Three flood control structures: Dressels Canal Basin, North Line Canal Basin, and Snapper Creek Canal Basin, along NW 117th Avenue were upgraded to allow better water management during rain events. Improvements included the redesign of the structure, upgrades to the control system for remote monitoring and operation, and motorizing existing flood gates. How did it help? Automating the system has kept workers safer during storms and provided more efficient operations. These upgraded structures allow for better water management to help reduce flooding that impacts residents in three different canal basins within the County. How much did it cost? $850,000 What hazard does it mitigate? Flooding P2-61 Municipality Et County MIAMI BEACH & MIAMI DADE COUNTY Raising Dade Boulevard 2017 What was clone? Clty of Miami Beach and Miami Dade County cooperated to raise a section of Dade Boulevard more than 2 feet to reduce impacts from King Tide flooding. This new elevation builds in additional height above the King Tide levels. How did it help? Before the elevation project, Dade Boulevard was flooded during high tide, causing traffic issues, decreased access, and increased damage to the road and to vehicles passing through saltwater. After the elevation project, Dade Boulevard is dry and accessible. Dade Boulevard is one of the first County -owned roadways to be elevated to prepare for sea level rise. How much did it cost? $1.9 Million What hazards does it mitigate? Flooding, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Hurricanes u1* P2-62 Municipality TOWN OF MIAMI LAKESlief • • II• • 1 dm Commerce Way Drainage Icy Improvements 2024 What was done? The Commerce Way Drainage Improvement project is an integral part of the Town's comprehensive plan to reduce flooding. The project includes the addition of catch basins, French drains, manholes, valley gutters as well as restoration and resurfacing of the existing roadway surface, and new pavement markings. How did it help? The new system increased the starmwater management capacity and mitigated flooding in the area. How much did Roost? $2.9 Million What hazard does it mitigate? Flooding Museum €r Gardens VIZCAYA Tiger Dam Project 2021 Iir The Solution 701 tb Mi irtzcns 4t .. [11,171 What was done? The project consisted of installing a flood control system called a Tiger Dam around the designated perimeter of Vizcaya. The system is composed of a series of inflatable tubes made of reinforced vinyl that withstand effects of storm surge and debris damage. How did it help? The Tiger Dam protects Vizcaya grounds from active flooding, which can result from storm surge, wave action, and debris. After Hurricane Irma, Vizcaya experienced millions of dollars of damages and workers took thousands of hours to restore the grounds. Since the dam was installed, Vizcaya has better mitigated against flooding events. How much did it cost? $590,000 What hazards does it mitigate? Flooding, Storm Surge, Hurricanes • • Municipality MIAMI BEACH milt Affordable Housing wp Wind Retrofit Project 2023 NMI What was done? This project hardened an affordable housing facility, increasing its resilience to hurricane force winds. Standard windows were replaced with impact windows that provide protection from winds up to 171 MPH. A complete roof replacement, concrete and stucco repair, and other storm protections was also completed on this facility. How did it help? The retrofit for this building has minimized damage from wind and wind -driven rain caused by events such as hurricanes. The project secured safe and sanitary living conditions for vulnerable residents while bringing the property into compliance with local building code during the 30-year affordability period. How much did it cost? $1.7 Million What hazards does it mitigate? Wind, Hurricanes P2-65 County Department WATER & SEWER DEPARTMENT Upgrade of Pump Station 137 Mashta Island, Key Biscayne 2024 What was done? This project was a groundbreaking effort for WASD, as the department introduced a fully submergible pump station control panel for the first time ever. WASD also collaborated with RER to decide on the elevation of the pump station based on the County's unified sea level projection. The project site was particularly vulnerable, sitting at a very low elevation with the crown of the road and sidewalk between 4-4.5 ft in a flood zone. To meet the flood hardening requirements, a special waterproof electrical housing was developed that can function through submerged conditions. Other project enhancements included a new wet well for more storage capacity and a new water tight hatch that secures against water intrusion. How did it help? The project increased capacity and efficiency of the sanitary sewer system and decreased vulnerability to flooding. These improvements allow WASD to continue providing high quality services to protect public health and sensitive aquatic habitat. The collaboration between RER and WASD also benefited many other subsequent projects that harden pump stations while keeping elevations harmonized with the nearby landscape. How much did it cost? $3 Million What hazard does it mitigate? Flooding, Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, Hurricanes P2-66 Miami -Dade County PART 3: 2025 THE FUNDING MIAMI-DADE DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Miami -Dade County Part 3: The Funding PROGRAM OVERVIEW 2 PRE -DISASTER FUNDING PROGRAMS 3 BEACH MANAGEMENT FUNDING ASSISTANCE 3 COASTAL PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE GRANTS (CPI) 4 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT FUND (CZMA) 5 COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STATE SUPPORT SERVICES ELEMENT (AVAILABLE GRANT OR PROGRAM FUNDING -SSE) 6 CONTINUING AUTHORITIES PROGRAM (AVAILABLE GRANT OR PROGRAM FUNDING) AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION 7 FLORIDA BEACHES FUNDING PROGRAM 8 FLOOD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAM (FMA) 9 RESILIENT FLORIDA GRANT PROGRAM 10 HURRICANE Loss MITIGATION PROGRAM (HLMP) 11 PLANNING ASSISTANCE TO STATES PROGRAM (USACE) 12 RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION MITIGATION PROGRAM (RCMP) 13 WATERWAYS ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAM (WAP) 14 POST -DISASTER FUNDING PROGRAMS 15 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT DISASTER PROGRAM (CDBG) 15 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (EDA) DISASTER SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING 16 EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION PROGRAM (EWP) 17 FLOOD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE SWIFT CURRENT 18 HAZARD MITIGATION GRANT PROGRAM (HMGP) 19 HAZARD MITIGATION GRANT PROGRAM POST FIRE 20 PUBLIC ASSISTANCE HAZARD MITIGATION PROGRAM (406 MITIGATION) 21 SAFEGUARDING TOMORROW THROUGH ONGOING RISK MITIGATION (STORM) 22 OTHER PROGRAMS 23 BROWNFIELDS ECONOMIC REDEVELOPMENT GRANTS 23 CLEAN WATER STATE REVOLVING FUND (CWSRF) 24 DERELICT VESSELS REMOVAL PROGRAM 25 EMERGENCY SOLUTIONS GRANT PROGRAM (ESG) 26 FLORIDA FOREVER GRANT PROGRAM / FLORIDA COMMUNITIES TRUST (FCT) 27 HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE PROGRAM 28 RIVERS, TRAILS, AND CONSERVATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (NPS-RTCA) 29 September 2025 P3-1 Miami -Dade Cow, Part 3: The Funding PROGRAM OVERVIEW Miami -Dade County LMS Part 3: The Funding outlines the major funding sources available for mitigation measures. These sources are categorized into Pre -Disaster, Post - Disaster and Other Programs. Pre -Disaster programs refer to funding sources that are made available through yearly budgetary cycles as authorized through federal or state legislatures. Post -disaster programs refer to funding sources that are typically only made available after presidentially declared disasters. Both categories will directly fund disaster mitigation projects. The Other Programs category is for funding sources that may fund projects that do not have disaster mitigation as the primary goal but provide disaster mitigation as ancillary benefits. As new funding opportunities arise over time, this document will be updated and the LMS Chair will disseminate this information to the LMS Working Group (LMSWG). This document serves as a resource to help stakeholders identify potential funding options. This resource is by no means an exhaustive compendium of information or complete guide needed to submit the necessary information for the various grant programs. Individual interested parties are responsible for gathering all necessary grant requirements, where possible, the LMS Chair will assist as much as possible with guidance and information. Some grant programs require the listing of your projects in the LMS project list. Some grant programs also require a support letter from the LMS. September 2025 P3-2 Part 3: The Funding PRE -DISASTER FUNDING PROGRAMS Beach Management Funding Assistance Source of funding Federal/State Resource Type Grant Hazard Beach Erosion Support Recovery No Department and Agency Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Type of Mitigation Action Restoring National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants Recognizing the importance of the state's beaches, the Florida a posture of protecting and restoring the state's beaches through management planning program. The program evaluates beach throughout the state seeking viable solutions. The program is 161.101, Florida Statutes, and rules of Chapter 62B-36, Florida Legislature in 1986 adopted a comprehensive beach erosion problems authorized by Section Administrative Code. Restrictions Projects must be accessible to the public, located on the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean or Straits of Florida, be designated by the department as a critically eroded beach, and be consistent with the state's Strategic Beach Management Plan. Available Grant or Program Funding FY 2023-2024 $30,079,000 Cost Sharing Financial assistance in an amount up to 50% of beach projects and up to 75% of inlet project costs is available to Florida's local governments, including county and municipal governments, community development districts and special taxing districts. Website https://floridadep.gov/rcp/beaches-funding-program September 2025 P3-3 Part 3: The Funding Coastal Partnership Initiative Grants (CPI) Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Climate change, Natural hazards and disasters Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Type of Mitigation Action Coastal restoration National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment; Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants Through the CPI, the Florida Coastal Management Program (FCMP) makes federal specifically, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), funds available for Florida's 35 coastal counties, and all municipalities within their boundaries, that are required to include a coastal element in their comprehensive plan. Restrictions Projects must occur on publicly owned land, or land held in a conservation easement. Federal and privately owned lands/structures are not eligible. NPOs are not eligible to receive funds for construction projects, habitat restoration, exotic plant removal or land acquisition. Available Grant or Program Funding $10,000 to $60,000 for construction projects, habitat restoration, invasive plant removal or land acquisition; and $10,000 to $30,000 for planning, design and coordination activities. Cost Sharing Grant recipients are required to provide 100% match Website https://floridadep.gov/rcp/fcmp/content/coastal-partnership-initiative September 2025 P3-4 Mhmf-Dude you my Part 3: The Funding Coastal Zone Management Fund (CZMA) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Coastal and wetland restoration Support Recovery No Department and Agency National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Type of Mitigation Action Protection and development of the coastal zone National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment Eligible Applicants The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) Section 309 outlines the Coastal Zone Enhancement Program, a federal program administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office for Coastal Management that encourages state and US territory coastal management programs to enhance their coastal resource management. Under Section 309, states and territories are incentivized to develop and implement strategies that improve specific areas of their coastal programs. Restrictions Projects must be within the coastal zone management boundary or coastal county. Available Grant or Program Funding $207 million over 5 years (2023-2028); up to $6 million per project Cost Sharing Neither competitive nor non-competitive funds will require a match. Website https://floridadep.gov/rcp/fcmp/content/coastal-zone-enhancement-program-czma-section- 309 September 2025 P3-5 Part 3: The Funding Community Assistance Program State Support Services Element (Available Grant or Program Funding -SSE) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Flood Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Type of Mitigation Action Reduce flood risks in flood prone areas. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment Eligible Applicants SSSE program is to support the State National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Coordinating Agencies to reduce risk and help to avoid losses from flood events as they provide technical assistance and floodplain management support to flood prone and NFIP- participating communities within their states or territories. SSSE strives to leverage state knowledge and provide support to communities through activities that effectively reduce flood losses. Restrictions SSSE funds cannot be used for: conducting floodplain studies, developing floodplain maps, web -based digital mapping platforms, and the Association of State Floodplain Managers dues/memberships. Available Grant or Program Funding $15,000,000 Cost Sharing 75% federal 25% non-federal Website https://www.fema.qov/floodplain-management/community-assistance-program September 2025 P3-6 Part 3: The Funding Continuing Authorities Program (Available Grant or Program Funding) Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Flood Support Recovery No Department and Agency U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Type of Mitigation Action Flood mitigation National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants Continuing Authorities Program (Available Grant or Program Funding) authorizes USACE to plan, design and construct small scale projects under existing program authority from Congress. Local governments and agencies seeking assistance may request USACE to investigate potential water resource issues that may fit a particular authority. Floodplain Management Services (FPMS), Section 206 of the Flood Control Act of 1960, provides full technical services and planning guidance of floodplain management. The program develops data on obstructions to flood flows, flood formation and timing, and flood depths or stages. Restrictions Funding cannot support construction. Available Grant or Program Funding The maximum federal limit is $10 million per project. Cost Sharing Available Grant or Program Funding projects are conducted in two phases: a feasibility phase and design and implementation phase. Both phases are cost -shared between the federal government and non-federal sponsor. Website https://www. sai. usace. army. m it/Sect206AquaticEcosystem Restoration/ September 2025 P3-7 Part 3: The Funding Florida Beaches Funding Program Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Beach and coastal erosion Support Recovery No Department and Agency Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Type of Mitigation Action Beach restoration and nourishment. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants Funding for Florida's critically eroded beaches is managed by the Beach Management Funding Assistance Program. The program provides and manages grants to local governments for planning and implementing beach and inlet management projects on the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean or Straits of Florida to protect upland structures and infrastructure, provide critical habitat for threatened and endangered species, provide recreational opportunities, and support local economies through tourism. Restrictions Projects must be accessible to the public, located on the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean or Straits of Florida, be designated by the department as a critically eroded beach, and be consistent with the state's Strategic Beach Management Plan. Available Grant or Program Funding $315 million Cost Sharing 75% program funding for inlet projects and 50% for beach projects. Website https://floridadep.gov/rcp/beaches-funding-program September 2025 P3-8 Part 3: The Funding Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant Program (FMA) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Flood Support Recovery No Department and Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Type of Mitigation Action Reduce or eliminate risks of flood damage to buildings and structures. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Risk and Disaster Resilience Eligible Applicants As appropriated by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grant Program provides resources to assist states, tribal governments, territories and local communities in their efforts to reduce or eliminate the risk of repetitive flood damage to buildings and structures insurable under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended. Restrictions Applicants and sub -applicants must have a FEMA approved mitigation plan as the application deadline to apply for mitigation projects in accordance with Title 44 CFR Part 201. Available Grant or Program Funding Based on fiscal year funding from FEMA e.g., $800 million for FY 2023 Cost Sharing FMA insured properties 75% federal 25% non-federal, FMA repetitive loss 90% federal 10% non-federal, and FMA severe repetitive loss 100% federal 0% non-federal. Website https://www.floridadisaster.orq/dem/mitigation/flood-mitigation-assistance-program/ September 2025 P3-9 Part 3: The Funding Resilient Florida Grant Program Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Flooding and sea level rise Support Recovery No Department and Agency Florida Department of Environmental Protection Type of Mitigation Action Effectively identifying and addressing the impacts of flooding and sea level rise. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazard Identification Eligible Applicants The Resilient Florida program includes a selection of grants that are available to counties, municipalities, water management districts, flood control districts and regional resilience entities. To effectively address the impacts of flooding and sea level rise that the state faces, eligible applicants may receive funding assistance to analyze and plan for vulnerabilities, as well as implement projects for adaptation and mitigation. Restrictions Infrastructure projects to mitigate the effects of flooding and sea level rise on water resources (e.g., wastewater, drinking water, stormwater, green infrastructure). Available Grant or Program Funding $500 million Cost Sharing Each project in the plan must have a minimum 50% cost share unless the project assists or is within a financially disadvantaged small community. Website https://floridadep.gov/rcp/florida-resilient-coastlines-program/content/resilient-florida-grants September 2025 P3-10 Part 3: The Funding Hurricane Loss Mitigation Program (HLMP) Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Hurricanes Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) Type of Mitigation Action Minimizing damage caused by hurricanes National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Community Resilience; Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment; Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants The Florida's Division of Emergency Management created the Hurricane Loss Mitigation Program (HLMP) to act as a specialized, state -funded mitigation program aimed at minimizing damage caused by hurricanes. The program funds activities that promote property resiliency through retrofits made to residential, commercial, and mobile home properties. Grant funds awarded under HLMP qualify as state financial assistance under the Florida Single Audit Act. F.S. Section 215.971. The Catalog of State Financial Assistance number (CSFA#) for HLMP is 31.066. Eligible proposers under this RFP include governmental entities and nonprofit organizations. Restrictions Individual homeowners are ineligible to apply Available Grant or Program Funding $7 million annually Cost Sharing N/A Website https://www.floridadisaster.orq/dem/mitigation/hurricane-loss-mitigation-program/ September 2025 P3-11 Part 3: The Funding Planning Assistance to States Program (USACE) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Planning Assistance Hazard Flooding and other Water Resource Challenges Support Recovery No Department and Agency U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Type of Mitigation Action Planning National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants The USACE is the Federal Government's largest water resources development and management agency. There a two types of planning assistance offered through the PAS program: Comprehensive Plans and Technical Assistance. Comprehensive Plans plan for the development, utilization, and conservation of the water and related resources of drainage basins, watersheds, or ecosystems located within the boundaries of that State Technical Assistance provided through the PAS program includes support of planning efforts related to the management of state water resources. Restrictions No more than $5 million in Federal funds for PAS comprehensive planning efforts may be expended in a State, Tribe, or U.S. Territory per fiscal year. Available Grant or Program Funding N/A Cost Sharing 50% federal 50% non-federal Website https://www.usace.army.m il/Missions/Civil-Works/Technical-Assistance/P lanning- Assistance/ September 2025 P3-12 Part 3: The Funding Residential Construction Mitigation Program (RCMP) Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Wind damage Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Florida Division of Emergency Management Type of Mitigation Action Retrofit homes against wind drive forces. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants This grant program provides retrofit measures rather than rehabilitative work to structures, which serves to protect homes against wind drive forces such as hurricanes. Services include re -roofing, load path reinforcement and opening (windows/shutters) protection. eligible proposers under this request for proposal (RFP) include governmental entities, nonprofit organizations, and qualified for -profit organizations. Restrictions Individual homeowners are ineligible to apply. Available Grant or Program Funding $10 million Cost Sharing N/A Website https://www.miamidade.gov/global/service.page?Mduid service=ser1541438535801741 September 2025 P3-13 Part 3: The Funding Waterways Assistance Grant Program (WAP) Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Beach Erosion Support Recovery No Department and Agency Florida Inland Navigation District (FIND) Type of Mitigation Action Improving accessibility to navigable waterways. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants The Waterway Assistance Program is a grant program established by the Florida Legislature and the District for the purpose of financially cooperating with local governments to increase public access associated with the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and associated waterways within the District. Eligible waterway related projects include navigation channel dredging, channel markers, navigation signs or buoys, boat ramps, docking facilities, fishing & viewing piers, waterfront boardwalks, inlet management, environmental education, law enforcement equipment, boating safety programs, beach re - nourishment, dredge material management, environmental mitigation, and shoreline stabilization. Restrictions Water -related projects must be located on natural, navigable waterways within the District. Available Grant or Program Funding $10-12 million Cost Sharing 75% for public navigation projects and 50% for other eligible projects. Cash and other grant funds may be utilized as the local match. Website https://www.aicw.orq/qrants and assistance proqrams/index.php September 2025 P3-14 Part 3: The Funding POST -DISASTER FUNDING PROGRAMS Community Development Block Grant Disaster Program (CDBG) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Natural Disasters Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and Community Planning and Development Type of Mitigation Action Planning, disaster mitigation National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) grant funds are appropriated by Congress and allocated by HUD to rebuild disaster -impacted areas and provide crucial seed money to start the long-term recovery process. Members of the public impacted by a disaster cannot receive CDBG-DR funds directly from HUD. Funds are awarded to state and local governments which become grantees. Those who receive grant money include state agencies, non-profit organizations, economic development agencies, citizens and businesses. Restrictions Individuals nor communities can apply for funds. Available Grant or Program Funding Funds based on Congressional appropriations that vary by year and cannot supplant other Federal funds. Cost Sharing N/A Website https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/cdbg-dr/ September 2025 P3-15 Part 3: The Funding Economic Development Association (EDA) Disaster Supplemental Funding Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Natural disasters Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Economic Development Administration Type of Mitigation Action Flood Mitigation, infrastructure restoration National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Community Resilience; Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants This Congressionally appropriated funding program is designed to promote long-term economic development and assist in the construction of public works and development facilities needed to initiate and support the creation or retention of permanent jobs in the private sector in areas experiencing substantial economic distress. Restrictions Must be in a Presidentially declared community or region. Available Grant or Program Funding Based on Presidential declaration and Congressional funding. Cost Sharing Based on Presidential declaration and Congressional funding. Website https://www.eda.gov/strategic-initiatives/disaster-recovery/supplemental September 2025 P3-16 Part 3: The Funding Emergency Watershed Protection Program (EWP) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Eligible funding program Hazard Floods and Natural disasters Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency United States Department of Agriculture Type of Mitigation Action Alleviates hazards to life and property caused by floods and other natural disasters. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Infrastructure systems Eligible Applicants Recovery projects begin with a local sponsor or legal subdivision of state or tribal government. Eligible sponsors include cities, counties, towns, conservation districts, or any federally recognized Native American tribe or tribal organization. Interested public and private landowners must work through a sponsor. Restrictions The EWP Program cannot be used to address the same structural issue or practiced 3 times within 10 years, for existing operation and maintenance, to repair, rebuild, or maintain any transportation facilities, utilities, or similar facilities, Available Grant or Program Funding Based on eligibility, ranking, and implementation. Cost Sharing N/A Website https://www.nres.usda.gov/programs-initiatives/ewp-emergency-watershed- protection/florida/emergency-watershed-protection#assistance September 2025 P3-17 Part 3: The Funding Flood Mitigation Assistance Swift Current Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Flood Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Type of Mitigation Action Reduce infrastructure damage caused by flooding. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants The Flood Mitigation Assistance mitigate buildings insured major disaster declaration future flood damage. Swift Current (Swift Current) effort provides funding to through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) after a following a flood -related disaster event to reduce risk against Restrictions Swift Current funding is only available to property owners that have a current flood insurance policy under the NFIP and a history of repetitive or substantial damage from flooding. Available Grant or Program Funding FY 2024 $300 million Cost Sharing 75% federal 25% non-federal Website https://www.fema.gov/grants/mitigation/learn/flood-mitigation-assistance/swift- current#overview September 2025 P3-18 Part 3: The Funding Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Source of funding Federal/State Resource Type Grant Hazard Natural Disasters Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) Type of Mitigation Action Long-term mitigation measures following a major disaster declaration. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program is authorized by Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. It is a partnership that is designed to assist states, local governments, private non-profit organizations and Indian Tribes in implementing long-term hazard mitigation measures following a major disaster declaration. The process of selecting eligible mitigation projects to be submitted for funding consideration has been delegated to each county's Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) in accordance with 27P-22 of the Florida Administrative Code. Restrictions Must be a government is required based on the (floridadisaster.orq) eligibility entity, private non-profit, or Indian tribe. An eligible mitigation project HMGP eligibility criteria Project Eligibility Criteria.pdf for funds begin at the county level with the Local Mitigation (LMSWG) and requires active and mandatory participation. Strategy Working Group Available Grant or Program Funding Based on Presidential Declaration Cost Sharing 75% federal 25% non-federal Website https://www.floridadisaster.orq/dem/mitigation/hazard-mitigation-grant-program/ September 2025 P3-19 Part 3: The Funding Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Post Fire Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Wildfires Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Type of Mitigation Action Reduce the risk of future damage, hardship, loss or suffering caused by fire National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants Assistance is available for states, federally recognized tribes, and territories affected by fires resulting in a declaration of a Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG). FMAG is available to help communities implement hazard mitigation measures after wildfire disasters in any area affected by a fire. FMAG declaration provided under Section 1204 of the Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 amended Section 404 of the Stafford Act. Under an FMAG declaration made to a state or territory, federally recognized tribes with burned land from the FMAG declared event may request an HMGP Post Fire award as recipients. Restrictions Applicants must have a FEMA-approved mitigation plan to receive HMGP Post Fire funding. Available Grant or Program Funding Projects are required to be cost-effective, meaning future benefits must equal or exceed project costs. Cost Sharing 75% federal 25% non-federal Website https://www.fema.gov/grants/mitigation/learn/post-fire September 2025 P3-20 Part 3: The Funding Public Assistance Hazard Mitigation Program (406 Mitigation) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Natural Disasters Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Type of Mitigation Action Disaster recovery National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants FEMA's Public Assistance Program (PA) provides supplemental grants to state, tribal, territorial, and local governments, and certain types of private non -profits so communities can quickly respond to and recover from major disasters or emergencies. PA provides funding for the repair, restoration, reconstruction, or replacement of a public facility or infrastructure damaged or destroyed by a disaster. Restrictions An applicant must be a state, territory, tribe, local government, or certain type of private nonprofit organization. Facilities must be a building, public works system, equipment, or improved and maintained natural features. Work is either "emergency" or "permanent" and must be a declared incident within the designated disaster area. Costs are expenses tied directly to eligible work, and must be documented, authorized, necessary and reasonable. Eligible costs are labor, equipment, materials, contract work, and management costs. Available Grant or Program Funding Adjusted annually based on large or small projects; FY 2024 $1,037,000 for small projects. Cost Sharing 75% federal 25% non-federal is shared between Applicant and Recipient. Website https://www.fema.gov/assistance/public/hazard-mitigation September 2025 P3-21 Part 3: The Funding Safeguarding Tomorrow through Ongoing Risk Mitigation (STORM) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Flood Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Type of Mitigation Action Reduce risks of future flood damage National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) helps reduce risk mapping, mitigation, and administering flood insurance. considered the sub -applicant and will develop a sub application owners. The local government will then submit the sub -application tribal or territorial government on the property owner's behalf. Mitigation Projects include the following project types which the Hazard Mitigation Assistance Program and Policy Guide. the impacts of flooding through The local government is with any interested property to the appropriate state, Eligible Individual Flood may be referenced in Funds will be made available that receive a major and meet all other eligibility to states, territories, and federally recognized tribal governments disaster declaration following a flood -related disaster event criteria. Restrictions Funding is only available to property owners that have a current flood insurance policy under the NFIP and a history of repetitive or substantial damage from flooding. Available Grant or Program Funding $500 million over a 5-year period (2021-2026) Cost Sharing N/A Website https://www.fema.gov/grants/mitigation/learn/flood-mitigation-assistance/swift-current September 2025 P3-22 Part 3: The Funding OTHER PROGRAMS Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Grants Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Contaminated/Polluted Sites Support Recovery No Department and Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Type of Mitigation Action Cleanup and Redevelopment National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Community Resilience Eligible Applicants The EPA Brownfields and Land Revitalization Program supports states, Tribal Nations, communities and other stakeholders in working together to prevent, assess, safely clean up and sustainably reuse brownfield sites. A brownfield site is real property, the expansion, redevelopment or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant. EPA's Brownfields Program provides competitive funding for brownfield projects: Assessment, Revolving Loan Fund (RLF), Cleanup, Multipurpose, and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). Restrictions For -profit organizations, individual entities and nonprofit organizations are exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code that lobby are not eligible to receive Brownfields Grants. Available Grant or Program Funding FY 2024 $232 million Cost Sharing No cost share: Assessment, BIL. RLF $20%, Multipurpose $40,000 Website https://www.epa.gov/resilient-investments/brownfields-program-grants#background September 2025 P3-23 Part 3: The Funding Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Source of funding State Resource Type Revolving Fund Program Hazard Clean water scarcity Support Recovery No Department and Agency Florida Department of Environmental Protection Type of Mitigation Action Optimizing water quality. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Community Resilience Eligible Applicants This fund is composed of three programs: Clean Water State Revolving Fund, Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, and State Revolving Fund Management. The Clean Water and the Drinking Water SRF Programs are funded through money received from federal grants as well as state contributions. These funds then "revolve" through the repayment of previous loans and interest earned. While these programs offer loans, grant -like funding is also available for qualified small, disadvantaged communities, which reduces the amount owed on loans by the percentage that the community qualifies. While these programs offer loans, grant -like funding is also available for qualified small, disadvantaged communities, which reduces the amount owed on loans by the percentage that the community qualifies. Restrictions The terms of the loan may not exceed 30 years or the useful life of the project. Available Grant or Program Funding $8.5 billion Cost Sharing 80% federal 20% non-federal Website https://floridadep.gov/wra/srf September 2025 P3-24 Mhmf-Dude you my Part 3: The Funding Derelict Vessels Removal Program Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Marine debris Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation (FWC) Type of Mitigation Action Removal of derelict vessels National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Long-term Vulnerability Reduction Eligible Applicants The FWC, pursuant to sections 206.606 and 823.11, F.S., has a program to provide grants to reimburse local governments for removing derelict vessels from the public waters of the state. The program is funded by an appropriation from the Florida Legislature. The FWC's Derelict Vessel Grant Guidelines allow for the receipt of these grant applications on a continuing basis with no deadlines if funding is available. eligibility includes an opportunity for the vessel owner to challenge the derelict vessel determination in criminal court and/or in an administrative hearing. Restrictions Grant funds under this program will not be directly awarded to NGOs or private citizens. Vessel cases in which administrative hearing opportunities weren't offered to vessel owners will not be considered for state funding assistance. Available Grant or Program Funding FY 2024 $3.7 million Cost Sharing The FWC will pay 100% reimbursement to the grantee for all eligible vessels in the grant contract. Website https://myfwc.com/boating/grants-programs/derelict-vessel/ September 2025 P3-25 Part 3: The Funding Emergency Solutions Grant Program (ESG) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Grant Hazard Housing crisis, Unhoused individuals Support Recovery Yes Department and Agency Housing and Urban Development Type of Mitigation Action Housing assistance National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Community Resilience Eligible Applicants The Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act of 2009 amended to the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, revised the Emergency Shelter Grants Program and renamed it to the Emergency Solutions (ESG) program. The ESG Interim Rule took effect on January 4, 2012. The change in the program's name addresses the needs of homeless people in emergencies or transitional shelters by assisting them regain stability in permanent housing. Restrictions ESG funds must be used for five program components: street outreach, emergency shelter, homelessness prevention, rapid re -housing assistance, and HMIS; as well as administrative activities (up to 7.5%). Available Grant or Program Funding FY 2024 Florida $6,058,545 Miami -Dade County $1,052,096 Cost Sharing City and County recipients must match grant funds with an equal amount of contributions, which may include cash, donated buildings or materials, and volunteer services. States must match all but $100,000 of their awards, but must pass on the benefits of that $100,000 exception to their subrecipients that are least capable of providing matching amounts. Territories are exempt from the match requirement. Website https://www.hud.gov/program offices/comm planning/esg September 2025 P3-26 Part 3: The Funding Florida Forever Grant Program / Florida Communities Trust (FCT) Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Deteriorating infrastructure and water system Support Recovery No Department and Agency Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Type of Mitigation Action Improving natural resources National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Threats and Hazards Identification Eligible Applicants FCT helps Florida communities create local recreational opportunities, ensure public access to our beautiful beaches, protect our historical and cultural resources, preserve Florida's commercial fishing heritage and traditional working waterfronts, and provide clean air and drinking water essential to creating livable communities. Restrictions If any applicant has three or more active Grant Agreements at the time of the project selection meeting, the Applicant is not eligible Available Grant or Program Funding $15.7 million FY 2024-2025 Cost Sharing N/A Website https://floridadep.gov/lands/land-and-recreation-grants/content/florida-communities-trust September 2025 P3-27 Part 3: The Funding Household Hazardous Waste Program Source of funding State Resource Type Grant Hazard Hazardous waste Support Recovery No Department and Agency Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Type of Mitigation Action Proper removal of household hazardous waste National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Community Resilience Eligible Applicants In 1985 the Florida Legislature initiated the Hazardous Waste Collection Center Grant Program to encourage the establishment and operation of a statewide network of local hazardous waste collection centers. These facilities provide collections of non -regulated hazardous waste from households and as well as short-term storage of potentially hazardous waste generated by small businesses. Restrictions Funding is available only to counties that are operating permanent hazardous waste collection centers. Available Grant or Program Funding Up to $100,000 per county Cost Sharing 25% match from County. Website https://floridadep.gov/waste/waste-reduction/content/household-hazardous-waste-grants September 2025 P3-28 Part 3: The Funding Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program (NPS-RTCA) Source of funding Federal Resource Type Direct Technical Assistance (DTA) Hazard Conservation projects Support Recovery No Department and Agency National Park Service Type of Mitigation Action Provide DTA to agencies, organizations, communities, and non -profits for conservation and outdoor recreation projects. National Mitigation Framework Core Capability Community Resilience Eligible Applicants This program extends and expands the benefits of the National Park Service throughout the nation to connect all Americans to their parks, trails, rivers, and other special places. It also assists community groups, National Parks, nonprofits, state and local governments, tribes plan parks and trails, conserve and improve access to rivers and natural areas, and create recreation opportunities through locally led partnerships. Restrictions NPS-RTCA is not a grant -funding program Available Grant or Program Funding N/A Cost Sharing N/A Website https://www.nps.gov/orqs/rtca/whatwedo.htm September 2025 P3-29 Miami -Dade County 2025 PART 4: THE APPENDICES MIAMI-DADE DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT This page left intentionally blank. September 2025 P2-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX A: LIST OF LMS CHANGES 6 APPENDIX B: LMS WORKING GROUP AND SUBCOMMITTEE AGENCIES 2025 8 APPENDIX C: LMS COMMITTEES 11 APPENDIX D: 2025 MIAMI-DADE COUNTY RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE LMS AND MUNICIPAL RESOLUTIONS 12 APPENDIX E: 2025 STATE OF FLORIDA APPROVAL LETTER 13 APPENDIX F: 2025 FEMA APPROVAL LETTER 14 APPENDIX G: METROPOLITAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT 15 APPENDIX H: INTEGRATION DOCUMENT 18 APPENDIX I: MUNICIPAL INTEGRATION OF THE LMS 32 Aventura 32 Bal Harbour 33 Bay Harbor Islands 34 Biscayne Park 38 Coral Gables 39 Cutler Bay 40 Doral 43 El Portal 47 Florida City 48 Golden Beach 48 Hialeah 48 Hialeah Gardens 49 Homestead 49 Indian Creek Village 50 Key Biscayne 51 Medley 55 Miami 57 Miami Beach 64 Miami Gardens 69 Miami Lakes 70 Miami Shores 71 Miami Springs 73 North Bay Village 75 North Miami 79 North Miami Beach 82 Opa-locka 90 Palmetto Bay 93 Pinecrest 94 South Miami 102 Sunny Isles Beach 103 Surfside 103 Sweetwater 104 Virginia Gardens 104 West Miami 105 APPENDIX J: COMMUNITY PROFILE 107 APPENDIX K: ECONOMIC SUMMARY 119 September 2025 P2-4 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix A: List of LMS Chances Page/Part Location Change P1 Through out Removed references to LMS Coordinator and replaced with LMS Chair P1-7 LMS Sub -Committees Added description regarding the formation and disbandment of sub -committees P1-8 Five -Year Update Section was updated to include the LMS-PUMP P1 Municipal Integration of Mitigation Measures This section was updated based on submissions from respective municipalities and moved to the appendix P1-24 Mitigation Goals and Objectives Updates made based on input from partners focusing in on vulnerable populations and future expected conditions P1-31 Analysis of all Hazards from THIRA Updates to criteria for inclusion or exclusion of hazards based on partner input, epidemics/pandemics and extreme heat added for further consideration for LMS P1-30 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Updates to information about hazards based on Miami -Dade County 2020 THIRA and partner input P2-6 Prioritizing Mitigation Projects Section renamed from Prioritizing Mitigation Initiatives. The criteria to rank mitigation initiatives was replaced with the qualitative BRIC criteria P2-19 Project List Project list was updated based on information submitted by partners on WebEOC — No longer considered appendix P2-55 Case Studies What used to be Part 6—Completed Projects in the 2020 LMS, was moved to Part 2 - Appendix 3 and updated with recently completed projects — No longer considered appendix P3 The Funding This part was edited to present more information about funding sources, funding sources were removed or added based on availability P3-1 The Funding Added table of contents P4-6 Appendix A Updated with changes made for this revision P4-9 Appendix B Updated with current membership P4-12 Appendix C Updated with current membership P4-19 Appendix H Updated with latest information from integrated documents P4-35 Appendix J Updated with latest version from THIRA P4-80 Previously Appendix K Removed appendix that had unnecessary maps P5-2 Introduction Updated status of CRS communities P5-9 Assessing the Hazard - Flooding Updated figures 1-3 with most recent versions September 2025 P4-6 Part 4: The Appendices Page/Part Location Change P5-12 Rainy Season Updated with information from most recent rainy season P5-13 Significant Flood Events Updated with information from most recent THIRA P5-22 Flood Regulations in Miami -Dade County Updated Table 6 with most recent data P5-24 Flood Regulations in Miami -Dade County Updated Figure 11 with most recent data and changed the way data is mapped P5-25 Flood Regulations in Miami -Dade County Updated data in Table 7 with most recent data P5-27 Flood Regulations in Miami -Dade County Updated Figures 12 — 15 with most recent data, changed the way data is mapped P5-31 Flood Regulations in Miami -Dade County Updated Table 8 with most recent data P5-34 Storm Surge Updated Table 9 with most recent data P5-35 Storm Surge Updated Figures 17 — 23 with most recent data, changed the way data is mapped P5-48 Repetitive Losses Updated Figures 26 and 27 with most recent data, changed the way data is mapped P5-50 Repetitive Losses Updated tables 12 and 13 with most recent data P5-73 Appendix B Updated excerpts with information from the latest Hurricane Guide P5-76 Appendix C Updated news press releases with recent samples September 2025 P4-7 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix B: LMS Working Group and Subcommittee Agencies 2025 Chair: Robin Yang, Miami -Dade County Department of Emergency Management Co -Chair: Diannis Barban, Miami -Dade County Department of Emergency Management Colleges and Universities Agency Position Title Name Florida International University Assistant Vice President, Division of Operations and Safety Amy B. Aiken Miami -Dade College Senior Director, Resource Development Phillip Dickey University of Miami Executive Director of Emergency Management Matthew Shpiner Miami -Dade County Departments and Constitutional Offices Agency Position Title Name Aviation Department Assistant Aviation Director Ralph Cutie Regulatory and Economic Resources Department Division Chief of Stormwater Management Marina Blanco -Pape Cultural Affairs Department Capital Projects Chief Marie Denis Solid Waste Department Administrative Officer 3 Paulette Philippe Transportation and Public Works Department Project Engineer Daryl Hildoer Internal Services Department Division Director Terrence Thompson Libraries Grants Analyst Jeff Rosenberg Public Housing and Community Development Department Assistant Director Elissa Plancher Miami -Dade Sherrif's Office Grants Administrator Dorcas Perez Seaport Grants Administrator Kelli Gay Water & Sewer Department Chief Resilience & Sustainability Officer Debbie Griner Animal Services Department Grants Coordinator Veronica Navarrete Fire Rescue Department Grants Bureau Manager Katrina Hollis -Baker Resilience Office Resilience Program Manager Karina Castillo Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces Department Assistant Director, Planning, Design and Construction Excellence Division Joe Cornely 1 EMAP (2016) 4.2.4 September 2025 P4-8 Part 4: The Appendices Municipalities Agency Position Title Name Aventura Public Works & Transportation Director Jake Ozyman Bal Harbour Grants Consultant Kristina Brown Bay Harbor Islands Public Works Director David Hernandez Biscayne Park Village Clerk Pamela Latimore Coral Gables Internal Audit & Grants Coordinator Elsa Fuentes Cutler Bay Public Works Director Alfredo Quintero Dora! Media & Emergency Management Specialist Natalie French El Portal Village Manager Christia E. Alou Florida City Executive Director Jon Ward Golden Beach Administrative Lieutenant Yovany Diaz Hialeah Building Inspector Lilibet Muniz Hialeah Gardens Public Works Director Jose Lopez Homestead Emergency Manager Stephen Taylor Indian Creek Village Village Manager Guillermo Olmedillo Key Biscayne Village Manager Steven C. Williamson Medley Chief Jeanette Said Jinete Miami Hazard Mitigation/Disaster Recovery Specialist Loretta P. Jeanty Miami Beach Grants Management Division Director Krystal M. Dobbins Miami Gardens Assistant Director Public Works Bernard Buxton-Tetteh Miami Lakes Grants and Governmental Affairs Manager Olivia Shock Miami Shores Public Works Director Chris Miranda Miami Springs Assistant Public Works Director Lizette Fuentes North Bay Village Public Works Director Marlon Lobban North Miami Public Works Director Wisler Pierre -Louis North Miami Beach Assistant Director of Community Development Department Mitchell Austin Opa Locka Capital Improvement Programs Manager Adelina Gross Palmetto Bay Grant Administrator Christina Cotto Pinecrest Administrative Services Manager Eduardo Pozas South Miami Capital Improvement Program Project Manager Aurelio J. Carmenates Sunny Isles Beach City Manager Kelly Ajo Surfside Town Manager Sweetwater Engineering Manager Elena Proto Virginia Gardens Mayor Fred Deno West Miami Grants Manager Jenny Polynice-Hall September 2025 P4-9 Part 4: The Appendices Hospitals and Health Care Agency Position Title Name Jackson Health System Senior Grant Writer Leslie Ann -Bolden Mount Sinai Medical Center AVP, Safety, Security, EM April Hoyt Banyan Community Health Vice President of Administration Mark Aprigliano Other Government Agencies Agency Title Name Miami -Dade Public Schools Director, Property Loss Control William B. Weyer Jr. Non -Profit Organizations Agency Title Name Camillus House, Inc. Director, Grants Shelley -Anne Glasgow - Wilson Casa Familia, Inc. Senior IDD Housing Consultant Deborah Lawrence MACtown, Inc. Consultant Robert Ruano Vizcaya Museum and Gardens Director of Corporate, Foundation & Government Relations Talmage Thornhill United Way Associate Vice President Marline Monestime Regional Organizations Agency Title Name South Florida Water Management District External Affairs Lead Miami Dade, Broward, and Monroe Armando Vilaboy September 2025 P4-10 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix C: LMS Committees Local Mitigation Strategy Steering Committee: 2024 Agency Title Name Florida International University Research Associate Tiffany G. Troxler National Weather Service, Miami Field Office Warning Meteorologist Robert Molleda City of Doral Emergency Management Specialist Natalie French City of Miami Hazard Mitigation/Disaster Recovery Specialist Loretta Jeanty University of Miami Emergency Preparedness Manager Anna Simko Mount Sinai Medical Center Administrative Director, Engineering April Hoyt FIU International Hurricane Research Center Associate Director and Meteorologist Erik Salna Town of El Portal Volunteer Hugh Gladwin Miami -Dade College Senior Director, Resource Development Philip Dickey Miami -Dade Office of Resilience Resilience Program Manager Karina Castillo South Florida Water Management District Intergovernmental Coordinator Armando Villaboy Jackson Health System Senior Grant Writer Leslie -Ann Bolden LMS Sub -Committees In order to streamline the LMSWG's activities, subcommittees may be formed, each addressing an area of concern, as needed. The formation and disbandment of sub- committees is done in correlation with the trending issues that are addressed by the LMSWG members. Examples of potential sub -committees is listed below. • Financial and Grants • National Flood Insurance Program and the Community Rating System • Training • Bylaws September 2025 P4-11 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix D: 2025 Miami -Dade County Resolution Adopting the LMS and Municipal Resolutions September 2025 P4-12 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix E: 2025 State of Florida Approval Letter September 2025 P4-13 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix F: 2025 FEMA Approval Letter September 2025 P4-14 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix G: Metropolitan Form of Government Miami -Dade County has a unique metropolitan form of government, which varies greatly from typical county powers, in that it provides for resolutions, laws, rules, regulations passed by the county to be fully and automatically inclusive of all municipalities within the County. Specific lines in the Charter that would apply to a document such as the LMS (which is adopted by resolution) being automatically applicable to all municipalities are: Section 1.01. Board of County Commissioners: Powers Section 1.01, A, 5: Prepared and enforce comprehensive plans for the development of the county. (LMS is a part of the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan) Section 1.01, A, 21: Exercise all powers and privileges granted to municipalities, counties, and county officers by the Constitution and laws of the state, and all powers no prohibited by the Constitution or by this Charter Section 1.01, A, 22: Adopt such ordinances and resolutions as may be required in the exercise of its powers, and prescribe fines and penalties for the violation of ordinances Section 6.02. Municipalities: Municipal Powers Each municipality shall have the authority to exercise all powers relating to its local affairs not inconsistent with this Charter. Each municipality may provide for higher standards of zoning, service, and regulation than those provided by the Board of County Commissioners in order that its individual character and standards may be preserved for its citizens. Section 9.04 General Provisions: Supremacy Clause This Charter and the ordinances adopted hereunder shall in cases of conflict supersede all municipal charters and ordinances, except as herein provided, and where authorized by the Constitution, shall in cases of conflict supersede all special and general laws of the state. Specific lines in the Florida Constitution of 1968 that would further apply to a document such as the LMS (which is adopted by resolution) being automatically applicable to all municipalities within Miami -Dade County are: Section 6. Schedule to Article VIII. — (f) DADE COUNTY; POWERS CONFERRED UPON MUNICIPALITIES. To the extent not inconsistent with the powers of existing municipalities or general September 2025 P4-15 Part 4: The Appendices law, the Metropolitan Government of Dade County may exercise all the powers conferred now or hereafter by general law upon municipalities. Specific lines in the Miami -Dade County Ordinance 8b that would further solidify something like the LMS (which is adopted by resolution) being automatically applicable to all municipalities within Miami -Dade County are: Sec. 8B-8. Duties of the Director of the Office of Emergency Management 1) The Director or designee shall prepare a Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and program for the emergency management of Miami - Dade County pursuant to F.S. 252, including, but not limited to elements addressing mitigation activities, preparedness, responses to disasters and emergencies, and recovery operations and submit the Plan and program to the Director of the Division of Emergency Management. State of Florida for review and certification for consistency with the State Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and compliance with Federal emergency management mandates. Additionally, the most recent resolution (R-452-10) adopting the LMS further reiterates the fact the municipalities are included in the line: Whereas, the State of Florida Department of Community Affairs and/or Florida Division of Emergency Management enters into agreements with Miami -Dade County to provide the funding for the County and municipalities to jointly develop a Local Mitigation Strategy to become a component of the Statewide Mitigation Strategy ... Whereas, the Local Mitigation strategy meets the State agreement requirements and was accomplished with the participation of local governments, the Schools Board of Miami -Dade County. Effective comprehensive planning has also been a central focus of the Miami -Dade government from the onset. The power to "prepare and enforce comprehensive plans for the development of the county" was one of twenty-four specified in the County Home Rule Charter in 1957 and a Department of Planning is one of the four departments required by the County Home Rule Charter. The County adopted its first land use plan in 1965 and has since enacted a series of increasingly more refined growth management plans and procedures as required by the Local Government Comprehensive Planning Act of 1975 as amended from time to time. In summary, Miami -Dade has a fifty-two year history of intergovernmental coordination for effective comprehensive planning and plan implementation. September 2025 P4-16 Miami -Dade County Municipalities and Public Schools Aventu ra Bal Harbour Bay Harbor Islands Biscayne Park Coral Gables Cutler Bay Doral El Portal Florida City Golden Beach Hialeah Hialeah Gardens Homestead Indian Creek Village Key Biscayne Medley Miami Miami Beach Adjacent Municipalities Hallandale Beach Pembroke Park West Park Miramar Adjacent Counties B rowa rd Collier Monroe Miami Lakes Miami Gardens Miami Shores Miami Springs North Bay Village North Miami North Miami Beach Opa-locka Palmetto Bay Pinecrest South Miami Sunny Isles Surfside Sweetwater Virginia Gardens West Miami Public Schools Part 4: The Appendices September 2025 P4-17 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix H: Integration Document2 Integration of Policies and Guidance: The Miami -Dade Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) integrates essential policies, strategies, and actions to build a disaster -resistant and resilient community. This section reflects the latest developments from key resilience strategies and plans, ensuring alignment with local, state, and federal mitigation policies. The following plans are incorporated into the LMS to ensure Miami -Dade County is better prepared for current and future hazards: • MDC Resilient305 Strategy • MDC Sea Level Rise Strategy • MDC Thrive305 Action Plan • DEM Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan (PDRP) • 2050 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) • MDC Extreme Heat Action Plan • DEM Recovery Support Function (RSF) Mitigation Annex • DEM Flood Response Plan • DEM Recovery Plan (July 2022) • Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan (RCAP) 3.0 • Watershed Master Plan for the City of Homestead Resilient305 Strategy The Resilient305 Strategy was developed as a roadmap to address the unique resilience challenges of Miami -Dade County, the City of Miami, and the City of Miami Beach. The strategy emphasizes addressing natural and man-made disruptions such as sea level rise, flooding, economic inequality, and infrastructure vulnerabilities. It is designed to build on existing networks and to protect the region's people, homes, and economy through collaborative efforts. The strategy is organized into three pillars: Places, People, and Pathways. 2 EMAP 4.4.3 September 2025 P4-18 Part 4: The Appendices Key Integration Points: 1. Places: This focuses on addressing the vulnerabilities associated with sea level rise, flooding, and critical infrastructure. Projects are prioritized to ensure climate -resilient communities by strengthening physical infrastructure, particularly those exposed to environmental risks like flooding. The focus is on research, planning, and the design of resilient urban areas and ecosystems. The LMS integrates these challenges by prioritizing projects that build climate - resilient communities and mitigate flooding risks. 2. People: This pillar highlights socio-economic resilience by targeting underserved populations. Resources and programs aim to address economic inequities by ensuring equitable distribution of resources, especially in vulnerable communities. The goal is to strengthen their capacity to respond to and recover from both natural and economic challenges. The LMS prioritizes mitigation projects that serve underserved populations, focusing on underserved areas to enhance community resilience. 3. Pathways: Emphasizes creating networks and collaboration across the public, private, and non-profit sectors. This integration is critical to enhancing regional planning and partnerships, ensuring that resilience goals are embedded into the strategic actions of various stakeholders. The LMS adopts this model to strengthen partnerships and ensure resilience efforts are integrated into regional planning. Updated Recommendations: • Continue to engage with Resilient305 PIVOT Team: This ensures that resilience goals are continuously aligned with evolving conditions and strategic needs. The PIVOT team will manage the implementation and progress of the Resilient305 Strategy, ensuring that the long-term objectives are met through cross -sector collaboration. • Adopt Resilience Metrics: Implementing resilience metrics aims to create a clear and measurable framework to track the progress of interventions in vulnerable areas, ensuring that resources are effectively addressing the most critical resilience challenges. • Expand Community -Driven Planning: This focuses on increasing public engagement, ensuring that community feedback is incorporated into project prioritization. It aims to empower communities to take part in resilience planning, thereby tailoring projects to local needs. September 2025 P4-19 Part 4: The Appendices Sea Level Rise Strategy The Sea Level Rise Strategy aims to provide a proactive framework for Miami -Dade County to address the effects of rising sea levels on its communities, infrastructure, and environment. It emphasizes adaptation and resilience to long-term sea level changes while promoting sustainable development, environmental conservation, and community involvement. Key Integration Points: 1. Adaptation to Sea Level Rise: The strategy incorporates various adaptive measures, including elevating infrastructure and enhancing stormwater management systems to address long-term sea level risks. It emphasizes the use of engineered solutions like stormwater parks, integration of green and blue infrastructure into projects, and elevating critical equipment to mitigate the risks of future flooding. LMS integrates measures such as elevating infrastructure and improving stormwater management to address sea level rise risks. 2. Resilient Infrastructure: Infrastructure investments are prioritized, specifically focusing on raising roads and improving stormwater systems. The strategy also advocates the use of green infrastructure to reduce flooding and protect communities. Infrastructure investments, including raising roads and improving seawalls, are prioritized in the LMS. 3. Community Engagement: The plan underscores the importance of engaging communities, particularly those historically underserved or disproportionately affected by environmental changes. This ensures an inclusive approach to addressing sea level rise. LMS prioritizes mitigation measures that focus on underserved communities affected by sea level rise. 4. Environmental Sustainability: There is a strong emphasis on protecting natural ecosystems, such as wetlands and mangroves, which serve as critical buffers against flooding and rising sea levels. This approach promotes sustainable development and environmental conservation. The LMS emphasizes protecting natural ecosystems, such as wetlands and mangroves, as natural barriers. Updated Recommendations: • Implement Key Adaptation Projects: Focus on implementing critical projects in flood -prone areas, including infrastructure upgrades and stormwater management systems. This step aims to mitigate future risks by targeting the most vulnerable regions. September 2025 P4-20 Part 4: The Appendices • Strengthen Building Codes: Update local building codes to enforce stricter standards for flood resilience, ensuring that new developments can better withstand rising sea levels and the associated risks. • Monitor and Update Adaptation Strategies: Continuously monitor data related to sea level rise and flooding, and regularly revise adaptation plans to reflect the latest scientific and environmental findings. This ongoing process ensures that the county's strategies remain effective in the long term. Thrive305 Action Plan The purpose of the Thrive305 Action Plan is to create a community -driven policy framework aimed at addressing systemic issues across Miami -Dade County. These issues include housing, public safety, transportation, and climate resilience, with a focus on equity, inclusivity, and resilience. The plan is based on extensive community input from over 27,000 residents, ensuring that residents' voices drive government priorities. Key Integration Points: 1. Community Engagement and Equity: The Thrive305 Action Plan integrates the principles of community engagement and equity by ensuring that resilience planning is inclusive and that underserved communities are prioritized in mitigation projects. This involves collaborating with civic groups to expand opportunities for traditionally underrepresented groups to participate in decision -making processes. The LMS integrates Thrive305's principles by prioritizing mitigation projects in underserved communities and ensuring that resilience planning is inclusive. 2. Resilience and Sustainability: The plan emphasizes future projects that focus on sustainable infrastructure, energy efficiency, and flood resilience. This includes initiatives like the retrofit of older, less efficient housing to make them more resilient to climate risks while also reducing the financial burdens on residents through improved energy efficiency. LMS emphasizes sustainable infrastructure, energy efficiency, and flood resilience in future mitigation projects. 3. Housing and Infrastructure: Affordable and resilient housing is a key priority. The plan integrates energy and flood resilience into housing developments to ensure that low-income and vulnerable communities are not disproportionately affected by climate risks. Projects focus on both the development of new housing and the retrofitting of older housing stock to meet modern resilience standards. The LMS ensures affordable, resilient housing developments are a priority, incorporating energy and flood resilience. September 2025 P4-21 Part 4: The Appendices 4. Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness: The Thrive305 Action Plan aligns its mitigation projects with public safety goals, focusing specifically on early intervention and preparedness for vulnerable neighborhoods. This ensures that these communities are better equipped to respond to emergencies, including natural disasters. Mitigation projects are aligned with public safety goals, focusing on vulnerable neighborhoods. Updated Recommendations: • Expand Community Engagement: Thrive305 recommends increasing efforts to engage marginalized and underserved communities in resilience planning. This includes expanding community discussions, outreach, and participation in policy formation, ensuring that all voices are heard and that the needs of these communities are prioritized. • Prioritize Resilient Housing Projects: The updated recommendations stress the importance of focusing on housing developments that integrate both energy efficiency and flood mitigation. These resilient housing projects should cater to low-income residents, ensuring their homes are safe, affordable, and sustainable in the face of climate challenges. • Integrate Public Safety Initiatives: To support early intervention and preparedness, Thrive305 calls for the integration of public safety measures into all mitigation projects. This includes improving emergency response systems, increasing awareness of resilience planning, and ensuring that all communities, especially the most vulnerable, have access to critical resources during emergencies. Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan (PDRP) The Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan (PDRP) aims to integrate long-term recovery, redevelopment, and reconstruction opportunities into the community planning process of Miami -Dade County. It seeks to provide a strategic framework to manage limited resources efficiently during the redevelopment process, ensuring a smooth transition from short-term recovery operations to long-term redevelopment after a disaster. The PDRP outlines the County's vision to build back stronger and smarter after a disaster. The Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan (PDRP) aims to integrate long-term recovery, redevelopment, and reconstruction opportunities into the community planning process of Miami -Dade County. It seeks to provide a strategic framework to manage limited resources efficiently during the redevelopment process, ensuring a smooth transition from short-term recovery operations to long-term redevelopment after a September 2025 P4-22 Part 4: The Appendices disaster. The PDRP outlines the County's vision to build back stronger and smarter after a disaster. Key Integration Points: 1. Long -Term Recovery Priorities: The Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) integrates the County's long-term recovery goals, prioritizing housing, infrastructure, and economic revitalization after disasters. 2. Resilient Infrastructure and Housing: The LMS emphasizes rebuilding infrastructure and housing with higher resilience standards to withstand future disasters. 3. Sustainable Land Use: The plan incorporates sustainable land use planning strategies that aim to protect vulnerable coastal and flood -prone areas, minimizing risks. 4. Economic Recovery: The LMS supports mitigation projects that safeguard critical economic sectors such as tourism, small businesses, and infrastructure, ensuring a stable and revitalized post -disaster economy. Updated Recommendations: • Aligning Long -Term Recovery Strategies: The updated recommendations include aligning the County's long-term recovery strategies with the PDRP's resilience goals, ensuring that all redevelopment efforts are focused on sustainability and resilience. • Coordination with RSFs: The plan highlights the importance of coordinating with Recovery Support Functions (RSFs) to ensure a collaborative recovery approach that involves federal, state, and local partners. • Public Engagement: Engaging the public in recovery planning is emphasized to ensure community needs are reflected, enhancing the inclusivity and effectiveness of recovery strategies. 2050 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) The 2050 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) serves as a comprehensive blueprint for the development, management, and operation of a safe, equitable, and efficient multi -modal transportation network for Miami -Dade County. It aims to enhance mobility, safety, security, and resiliency while integrating emerging technologies and ensuring cost-effective solutions for both current and future infrastructure needs. The plan prioritizes improving accessibility, sustainability, and economic competitiveness to support the region's growth and prosperity. September 2025 P4-23 Part 4: The Appendices The LRTP's goals include achieving world -class transportation that promotes mobility, safety, innovation, sustainability, equity, and economic competitiveness. It also seeks to ensure seamless connectivity, bolster resilience to climate impacts, and foster economic vitality through strategic investments. Key objectives include engaging public participation to address future mobility needs, setting measurable goals to assess infrastructure performance, prioritizing transportation projects based on regional needs and cost feasibility, and ensuring alignment of transportation strategies with both local and statewide plans. Key Integration Points: 1. Mobility and Connectivity: The LRTP emphasizes integrating transportation infrastructure that improves access and resilience, particularly during and after disasters. This involves enhancing public transit and non -motorized transportation options to ensure consistent mobility for residents even in disaster scenarios. LMS integrates transportation infrastructure projects that improve access and resilience, especially during and after disasters. 2. Resilient Infrastructure: To address flood risks and climate change, the LRTP incorporates projects focused on flood resilience, such as elevated roads and improved stormwater systems. These initiatives aim to reduce disruptions caused by extreme weather conditions and ensure the longevity of infrastructure. LMS includes flood -resilient projects like elevated roads and enhanced stormwater management systems. 3. Economic Competitiveness: By supporting transportation projects that maintain business operations during disasters, the LRTP plays a role in preserving economic stability. This focus also aligns with promoting sustainable development to keep Miami -Dade County economically vibrant amid challenges from climate change. The LMS supports transportation projects that ensure business continuity during disasters. Updated Recommendations: • Prioritize Resilient Transportation Projects: Enhance flood resilience by designing infrastructure capable of withstanding extreme weather, such as elevated roadways and stormwater management systems. • Coordinate with the SMART Program: Collaborate with the SMART Program to implement transit solutions that are not only sustainable but also climate -resilient. This includes integrating emerging technologies and innovative transit options. September 2025 P4-24 Part 4: The Appendices • Promote Equitable Access: Ensure that transportation improvements reach underserved and historically disadvantaged communities, addressing mobility challenges and fostering inclusivity across Miami -Dade County. Extreme Heat Action Plan The Extreme Heat Action Plan aims to mitigate the health and economic impacts of rising temperatures in Miami -Dade County, with a focus on protecting vulnerable populations and underserved communities. The plan's primary goals are to reduce heat -related health risks, increase the availability and efficiency of cooling infrastructure, and expand urban heat mitigation efforts in high -risk areas. Key objectives include safeguarding outdoor workers and individuals without access to cooling systems, prioritizing cooling infrastructure projects in underserved neighborhoods, and enhancing green infrastructure, such as the urban tree canopy, to reduce temperatures in at -risk areas. Key Integration Points: 1. Mitigating Heat -Related Health Risks: The Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) incorporates measures aimed at protecting those most at risk, such as outdoor laborers, elderly populations, and individuals without access to air conditioning. This could include early warning systems, public education campaigns, and the creation of energy resilient cooling centers for emergency use. 2. Cooling Infrastructure: LMS projects will focus on enhancing shelters and housing through energy -efficient cooling solutions, such as retrofitting buildings with modern HVAC systems and promoting passive cooling techniques like green roofs. Special attention will be given to economically disadvantaged communities that often lack access to reliable cooling options. 3. Urban Heat Mitigation: The LMS will promote urban design strategies to reduce heat in densely populated or high -risk areas. Expanding the tree canopy will increase shade and reduce surface temperatures, while installing cooling features such as public misting stations, water fountains, and shaded bus stops will offer immediate relief from heat in public spaces. Updated Recommendations: • Expand Tree Canopy and Cooling Features: This includes planting more trees and integrating cooling systems, like shade structures and water September 2025 P4-25 Part 4: The Appendices features, in parks, playgrounds, and public areas. Underserved communities, often most affected by heat, will be prioritized for these interventions. • Ensure Energy Resilience in Critical Facilities: Critical facilities such as emergency shelters will be equipped with backup power systems, including renewable energy sources like solar panels with battery storage, to ensure cooling capabilities remain operational during power outages caused by heat waves or other climate events. • Monitor Heat Risk Reduction Efforts: This involves establishing a framework for tracking and evaluating the success of heat risk interventions. Metrics might include reductions in heat -related illnesses and deaths, temperature moderation in targeted areas, and improved public access to cooling infrastructure. Recovery Support Function (RSF) Mitigation Annex The Recovery Support Function (RSF) Mitigation Annex in Miami -Dade County's Emergency Operations Center Recovery Plan ensures the incorporation of long-term risk reduction strategies into the disaster recovery phase. It emphasizes the coordination and alignment of recovery operations with mitigation efforts to build resilience and protect against future hazards. This is part of a larger plan that integrates the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) into recovery operations, ensuring resilience is at the forefront of redevelopment efforts post -disaster. The overarching purpose of this annex is to reduce risks and enhance resilience during long-term recovery operations post -disaster. This aligns with the County's recovery goals of rebuilding more resiliently than pre -disaster conditions, through hazard mitigation and sustainable redevelopment. Key Integration Points: 1. Mitigation Integration in Recovery: The Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) actively integrates hazard mitigation into recovery efforts, making sure that every aspect of redevelopment considers long-term risk reduction and resilience. By aligning the LMS with recovery efforts, Miami -Dade County is better equipped to address vulnerabilities exposed during disasters and reduce future risks. 2. Coordination Across Sectors: The alignment between LMS and RSF promotes efficient resource allocation and recovery. By ensuring that housing, transportation, and public health sectors are working collaboratively under a unified framework, all aspects of the recovery can be addressed in a coordinated manner, improving outcomes and minimizing delays. September 2025 P4-26 Part 4: The Appendices Updated Recommendations: • Align LMS with RSF Priorities: This recommendation calls for deeper integration between Local Mitigation Strategies and RSF frameworks to ensure that all aspects of the recovery plan are harmonized. This alignment will streamline decision -making and resource distribution, ensuring that long- term recovery objectives are met effectively. • Leverage RSF Partnerships: Expanding partnerships across RSFs will enhance the availability of resources for both recovery and mitigation efforts. By involving more stakeholders, including private sector entities and non- profits, Miami -Dade County can better support its recovery initiatives and ensure that risk reduction measures are adequately funded and implemented. Flood Response Plan The Miami -Dade County Flood Response Plan aims to enhance preparedness, response, and recovery efforts related to flood hazards. Given the county's vulnerability to various types of flooding, this plan consolidates the efforts of multiple stakeholders, including local, state, and federal agencies, to minimize the impacts of flooding. Key Integration Points: 1. Flood Preparedness and Response: Integration with the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) to incorporate stormwater management strategies and flood barrier installations. This includes continuous monitoring of flood risks and strengthening flood defense mechanisms in vulnerable areas. By proactively managing these risks, the LMS ensures the county's readiness for high -risk flood events and minimizes infrastructure damage. 2. Coordination with Emergency Management: LMS promotes coordination with the County's Department of Emergency Management (DEM) to ensure an effective, unified response. This collaboration ensures efficient deployment of resources, streamlined communication, and mitigation strategies to reduce risks across the county. Agencies like the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) are integral partners in operating and maintaining the canal system to manage floodwaters. Updated Recommendations: • Strengthening Flood Mitigation Projects: This involves reinforcing infrastructure improvements, such as elevating critical roadways and September 2025 P4-27 Part 4: The Appendices enhancing stormwater drainage systems. Projects are designed to minimize flood impact on essential services and reduce the vulnerability of the county's infrastructure. The expansion of these projects includes both urban and coastal flood defenses, considering future risks related to climate change and sea level rise. • Expanding Community Awareness Programs: These programs emphasize educating residents on flood preparedness, flood insurance, and emergency response. Public education campaigns are conducted in multiple languages (English, Spanish, Haitian Creole) to ensure inclusivity and accessibility. The programs particularly target vulnerable populations, including the elderly, low- income households, and those living in flood -prone areas, providing them with the tools to better understand and mitigate their risk. Recovery Plan (July 2022) The Miami -Dade County Recovery Plan provides an operational overview and organizational framework implemented during short-term and intermediate phases of the disaster recovery process. As the disaster response evolves into recovery operations, County departments, non -governmental organizations and other partners collaborate to continue operational initiatives until the County has fully recovered or transitions into the long-term recovery phase, if required, when the Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan (PDRP) is activated. This Plan details a coordinated roadmap for resilient recovery operations, identifies the operational concepts, and provides an overview of organizational structures which bridges the gap between responses to a more resilient recovery. The Recovery Plan addresses policies that promote an all -hazards disaster resilient recovery process amongst all stakeholders including public and private sector agencies and organizations; non-profit and faith -based organizations; municipalities and independent districts, including water control districts and school districts. Key Integration Points: 1. Mitigation Integration in Recovery: The Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is a central component in integrating hazard mitigation into recovery efforts. By including LMS in recovery, the aim is to build resilience over the long term. This integration ensures that recovery is not merely a return to the pre -disaster state but involves reconstructing stronger, more resistant infrastructure and communities. LMS ensures that post -disaster recovery incorporates resilient building standards and hazard mitigation. 2. Coordination Across Sectors: The Recovery Plan emphasizes the importance of aligning the Local Mitigation Strategy with the Recovery Support September 2025 P4-28 Part 4: The Appendices Functions (RSF) structure, which brings together key sectors such as housing, transportation, and public health. This coordination ensures that all sectors are working toward a common goal of reducing risk and enhancing resilience. It also facilitates the flow of information and resources across different recovery activities, which is crucial for timely and effective implementation of mitigation strategies. LMS will align with the Recovery Plan to ensure communities are involved in shaping recovery priorities. Updated Recommendations: • Align LMS with RSF Priorities: The updated recommendation calls for a direct alignment between the Local Mitigation Strategy and the RSF priorities. This alignment is essential for creating a coordinated approach to long-term recovery. By ensuring that LMS and RSF work together, the county can prioritize actions that reduce risk and support sustainable rebuilding efforts. • Engage Communities in Recovery Efforts: Another key recommendation involves leveraging partnerships within the RSF framework to expand available resources for both recovery and mitigation efforts. These partnerships include public and private sectors, non -governmental organizations, and other stakeholders who can contribute expertise, funding, and resources. By collaborating across these groups, the county can pool resources and enhance the overall capacity for disaster recovery and long- term mitigation. Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan (RCAP) 3.0 The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan (RCAP) 3.0, developed by the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact, aims to provide a regional approach to climate adaptation, focusing on the impacts of climate change in Southeast Florida. The RCAP's overarching goals are to promote climate resilience, mitigate risks, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It serves as a voluntary framework guiding local and regional efforts to accelerate climate action and adaptation to achieve net -zero emissions by 2050 and strengthen the resilience of communities, institutions, and the regional economy. Key Integration Points: 1. Regional Climate Adaptation: The Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) incorporates RCAP's focus on sea level rise and flood resilience, ensuring that climate risks such as extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and storm surges are central to local adaptation efforts. September 2025 P4-29 Part 4: The Appendices 2. Sustainability and Emissions Reduction: Prioritizing green infrastructure and emission reduction projects is a core strategy for achieving long-term sustainability. This includes focusing on renewable energy sources and promoting energy efficiency initiatives. LMS projects will prioritize green infrastructure and emission reduction strategies. 3. Multi -Jurisdictional Collaboration: Collaborative partnerships among regional stakeholders are essential for addressing shared climate risks. These partnerships involve local governments, academic institutions, and private sector entities working together on climate resilience projects, leveraging resources for comprehensive adaptation. The LMS will strengthen collaboration with regional partners to address shared climate risks. Updated Recommendations: • Integrate RCAP Goals: The updated recommendations emphasize aligning Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) projects with RCAP's goals, particularly in promoting regional climate resilience. This involves ensuring all projects contribute to the broader climate adaptation strategy while meeting specific local needs. • Coordinate with Regional Partners: Leveraging the expertise and resources of regional partners is critical for effective climate adaptation. This includes engaging with local governments, state agencies, and private sector stakeholders to implement projects that address both current and projected climate risks, such as sea level rise, infrastructure adaptation, and public health concerns. Watershed Master Plan for the City of Homestead Key Integration Points: 1. Flood Risk Reduction and Resilience: The Watershed Master Plan (WMP) for the City of Homestead aligns with the goals and objectives of the Miami - Dade County Local Mitigation Plan as it aims to reduce flood risks, enhance resilience and guide sustainable development. 2. Promotion of CRS Guidelines: The WMP also follows CRS guidelines to evaluate run off from design storms, protecting wetlands and controlling development peaks and volumes. The LMS plan lists promoting the CRS program as its one of its principal goals. September 2025 P4-30 Part 4: The Appendices 3. Consideration of Future Conditions: The WMP also addresses the assessment of sea level rise and climate change impacts to the jurisdiction. The goals and objectives of the LMS plan call for mitigation of future conditions to ensure mitigation actions take into account expect increasing risks due to climate change and its related effects. 4. Public Outreach and Stakeholder Engagement: The WMP emphasized public outreach and stakeholder engagement through meetings, websites, and feedback mechanisms to ensure inclusive decision -making. The LMS Plan also emphasizes the importance of inclusive planning actions to ensure that community stakeholders have a say of mitigation planning 5. Vulnerability Analysis Data: The WMP utilizes data and inundation modeling that highlights risks to hospitals, schools, repetitive loss properties so mitigation efforts can be prioritized. This plan is in alignment with the goals and objectives of the LMS plan. Updated Recommendations: • Project Inclusion in the LMS: WMP recommended solutions (e.g., pump stations, detention basins, green infrastructure) should continuously incorporated into the LMS's project list for prioritization, funding, and implementation, ensuring alignment for between the WMP and the LMS. • Pursue Collaboration between the LMS and its partners: Both the WMP and the LMS seek to pursue outreach opportunities and collaboration with stakeholders and the public. Both Homestead and the LMS should work together to collaborate with LMS partners to engage in public outreach and planning workshops. September 2025 P4-31 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix I: Municipal Integration of the LMS Miami -Dade County and its participating jurisdictions have incorporated mitigation into their planning processes, policies and/or ordinances. Those planning processes, policies and/or ordinances are listed below by participating jurisdiction. The municipalities continuously strive to expand and improve upon their mitigation measures as is illustrated below and with the extensive listing of mitigation projects identified in Part 2. As such, Miami -Dade County and its participating jurisdictions participated in planning meetings to discuss barriers and challenges to integrating mitigation into their own jurisdictions. Based on the information collected from these meetings, the LMS, the County and its participating jurisdictions will work together to address gaps that are within the scope of the LMS to address. Some of the gaps that were identified and proposed solutions include: • Need for alternative funding sources o Seek and provide workshops related to novel or less known funding sources • Knowledge gaps related to application processes o Seek and provide workshops to assist participants with navigating complex application processes • Lack of a forum or platform to discuss common mitigation issues o Create and develop thematic sub -committees to address most significant mitigation issues Aventura The City of Aventura reported the last update on Municipal Integration occurred on September 8, 2020, when Resolution No. 2020-62 was approved as the city's Floodplain Management Plan. City of Aventura Comprehensive PIan3 Transportation Element Policy 1.9: The City of Aventura, in consultation with the Florida Department of Transportation, shall evaluate the impacts of proposed development and redevelopment on its transportation system, Strategic Intermodal System facilities, and the adopted level of service standards of transportation facilities, and identify strategies to alleviate or mitigate such impacts in coordination with the developer and other agencies as appropriate. The City shall coordinate with FDOT, Miami- Dade County, and other jurisdictions in the county in the development of common methodologies for measuring such impacts. Infrastructure Element 3 https://www.cityofaventura.com/DocumentCenter/View/184/Comprehensive-Plan-PDF?bidld= September 2025 P4-32 Part 4: The Appendices Objective 4: Aventura shall protect and preserve the biological and hydrological functions of the wetlands identified in the Land Use Element. Future impacts to the biological functions of publicly and privately -owned wetlands shall be mitigated. Publicly acquired wetlands shall be restored and managed for their natural resource, habitat and hydrologic values. Capital Improvements Element Objective 3: Future development will be permitted only when the adopted level of service standards for those services listed in the CIE will be upgraded or maintained at adopted levels of service, or when demonstrated negative impacts on hurricane evacuation clearance times will be mitigated, by ensuring that adequate fiscal resources are made available including, the proportionate cost of improvements necessitated by the development. Conservation & Coastal Management Element Policy 10.2: Structures which suffer recurring damage to pilings, foundations or load -bearing walls shall be required to rebuild landward of their current location to modify the structure to structurally enhance the structure, institute or mitigation measures or delete the areas most prone to damage. Policy 10.14: The City shall implement its local mitigation strategy in accordance with the guidelines provided in the Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties in order to fulfill the State requirements relating to post -disaster planning, repair, and reconstruction. Bal Harbour Below is the section of this Village's Comprehensive Plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. Comprehensive Plan for Village of Bal Harbour December 1988 Future Land Use Element Objective 9J-5.006(3)(b)4: Protect natural and historical resources. Policy: Developments and construction that adversely impact on the quality of the natural environment shall not be allowed. Coastal Management Element September 2025 P4-33 Part 4: The Appendices Objective 2.2 Hazard Mitigation and Coastal High -Hazard Areas: the Village of Bal Harbour shall ensure that building, development and redevelopment activities are carried out in a manner which minimizes the danger to life and property from hurricanes. Development within coastal high -hazard areas shall be restricted and public funding for facilities with coast high -hazard areas shall be curtailed. • Policy 2.2.01: The hazard mitigation section of the Dade County Hurricane Procedure Plan shall be reviewed and updated on a 5-year basis. In the rewrites, the Emergency Management Director shall identify specific actions that could be implemented to reduce exposure to natural hazards. • Policy 2.3.06: The Recovery Task Force shall propose comprehensive plan amendments which reflect the recommendations in any interagency hazard mitigation reports or other reports prepared pursuant to Section 406 of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (PL 93-288). • Policy 2.3.07: If rebuilt, structures which suffer damage in excess of fifty (50) percent of their appraised value shall be rebuilt to meet all current requirements, including those enacted since construction of the structure. • Policy 2.3.08: Structures which suffer recurring damage to pilings, foundations, or ioadbearing walls shall be required to rebuild landward of their current location, to modify the structure to structurally enhance the structure, institute other mitigation measures or delete the areas most prone to damage. Bay Harbor Islands Below is the section of this Village's Comprehensive Plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. The most recent actions taken by the town were: • On August 8, 2016 the Town of Bay Harbor Islands passed Ordinance No. 991 amending Chapter 23 of the Town's adopted Code of Ordinances entitled Zoning and Planning relating to the allowable height of docks. • On May 13, 2019 the Town of Bay Harbor Islands passed Ordinance No. 1032 amending the Code of Ordinance that repeals the town's existing Chapter 7'/2 entitled Flood Damage Prevention. This updated ordinance updated the flood plain maps, designated a flood plain administrator, and adopted procedures and criteria for development in flood hazard areas, etc. • September 14, 2020 Town of Bay Harbor Islands passed Resolution No. 2210 for adoption of the 2020 Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy as the city's Floodplain Management Plan. Town of Bay Harbor Islands Code of Ordinances Article 1 General Provisions December 2013 Sec. 11-5. - Seasonal and periodic flooding; protection of lives. September 2025 P4-34 Part 4: The Appendices (a)The regulation of areas subject to seasonal and periodic flooding as provided in the comprehensive plan, policies 1.1(4) (page 35), 3.2 (page 36), 5.2 (page 37), and objectives 3 (page 36) and 5 (page 37) shall be implemented by the Code of Ordinances, including sections 5-17, 5-23.1(A)(3), (4) and sections 23-11(A)(5) and 23-12(12). (b)While it is hereby declared that Dade County has retained the primary responsibility for seasonal and periodic flooding throughout the county as provided in county Ordinance Nos. 57-22 and 57-30, as amended, the town's Code of Ordinances shall further implement the goals and objectives of the county ordinances by requiring compliance with all minimum federal flood insurance elevations for all new construction and for which land use densities and intensities have been adopted in further support thereof. (c)The protection of lives as provided in the comprehensive plan, policy 5.2 (page 37), shall be implemented by the Code of Ordinances, including section 5-1, and by virtue of the Miami -Dade County retention of primary responsibility for hurricane evacuation, including responses to lifesaving and other types of emergency evacuation. The town shall continue to coordinate and assist the county by providing minibus mass transportation to designated areas, information dissemination, and such other acts as shall complement the overall mass transit/public notice and evacuation procedures implemented by Miami -Dade County, Florida. While the county has retained the right to regulate land subdividing through the subdivision regulations, nevertheless the town shall continue to coordinate its efforts with the appropriate county agencies. (d)The town has adopted and shall maintain in full force and effect written hurricane procedures, as amended from time to time. (e)Drainage facilities for flooding and a nonpoint pollution, as provided in the town's comprehensive plan, policies 1.1.1, 1.1.2 (page 58); 1.3.1 (page 59); 2.1.1 and objective 2 (page 60); capital improvements policies 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 (page 19); and land use policy 1.3 (page 37) shall be implemented by the Code of Ordinances, including sections 5-1 and 5-17, in that the town collects and discharges storm water runoff through inlets for the residential districts and into two drainage wells for the commercial districts. The town shall continue to coordinate its efforts with Dade County, particularly with reference to protecting and preserving Biscayne Bay. The town shall continue to review its land development regulations to ensure the standards as indicated in the town's comprehensive plan. (Ord. No. 488, § 5, 5-29-90; Ord. No. 733, § 4, 12-8-03) Article III Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction Sec. 7'/2-26. - General standards. In all areas of special flood hazard, all development sites including new construction and substantial improvements shall be reasonably safe from flooding, and meet the following provisions: (1) New construction and substantial improvements shall be designed or modified and adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, and lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy. September 2025 P4-35 Part 4: The Appendices (2) New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage. (3) New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damage. (4) Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, air conditioning equipment and other service facilities, including duct work, shall be designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding. (5) New and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the systems. (6) New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the systems and discharges from the systems into floodwaters. (7) On -site waste disposal systems shall be located and constructed to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding. (8) Any alteration, repair, reconstruction or improvements to a building that is in compliance with the provisions of this chapter shall meet the requirements of "new construction" as contained in this chapter. (9) Any alteration, repair, reconstruction or improvements to a building that is not in compliance with the provisions of this chapter, shall be undertaken only if said nonconformity is not furthered, extended, or replaced. September 2025 P4-36 Part 4: The Appendices (10) All applicable additional federal, state, and local permits shall be obtained and submitted to the floodplain administrator along with the application for development permit. Copies of such permits shall be maintained on file with the development permit. State permits may include, but not be limited to, the following: (a) South Florida Water Management District: in accordance with F.S. § 373.036(2)(a)—Flood protection and floodplain management. (b) Department of Community Affairs: in accordance with F.S. § 380.05— Areas of critical state concern, and F.S. Chapter 553, part IV —Florida Building Code. (c) Department of Health: in accordance with F.S. § 381.0065—On-Site Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems. (d) Department of Environmental Protection, Coastal Construction Control Line: in accordance with F.S. § 161.053—Coastal Construction and Excavation. (11) Standards for subdivision proposals and other new proposed development (including manufactured homes): (a) Such proposals shall be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage. (b) Such shall have public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems located and constructed to minimize or eliminate flood damage. (c) Such proposals shall have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards. (12) When proposed new construction and substantial improvements are partially located in an area of special flood hazard, the entire structure shall meet the standards for new construction. (13) When proposed new construction and substantial improvements are located in multiple flood hazard risk zones or in a flood hazard risk zone with multiple base flood elevations, the entire structure shall meet the standards for the most hazardous flood hazard risk zone and the highest base flood elevation. September 2025 P4-37 Part 4: The Appendices Biscayne Park Below is the section of this Village's Comprehensive Plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. 2025 Comprehensive Plan Adopted Component September 25, 2023 Chapter 6: Conservation Element Policy 4.2 The Village will encourage the implementation of low impact development techniques and green building standards that reduce the negative environmental impacts of development and redevelopment by: reducing building carbon footprints to the maximum extent feasible, and locating building sites away from environmentally sensitive areas; promoting the preservation of natural resources; providing for on -site mitigation of impacts (i.e. retention and treatment of stormwater runoff, water reuse, Master Stormwater Management Systems); promoting energy conservation through design, landscaping and building techniques (i.e. solar power, increased tree canopies); promoting water conservation and recycling through landscaping and building design; ensuring sustainably sourced building practices (i.e. use of environmentally friendly building materials, recycled materials), and; considering the development and implementation of a green building certification program, with associated regulations, incentives and standards. Public Facilities Element GOAL- DRAINAGE: Drainage THE DRAINAGE GOAL FOR DRAINAGE IS FOR THE VILLAGE OF BISCAYNE PARK IS TO MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE THE LOCAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO AFFORD REASONABLE PROTECTION FROM PREDICTABLE FLOODING. Drainage objectives to achieve the goal and which also address the requirements of paragraphs 163.3177 (6) (c), F.S for this mandatory plan element: OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES Objective 1 To review on an annual basis information on the performance of stormwater drainage facilities. Policy 1.1 The Village will continue to comply with the 10-Year Design Storm Level of Service Standard for stormwater drainage until such time that changed or projected flooding conditions necessitate employment of a different standard. Policy 1.2 September 2025 P4-38 Part 4: The Appendices The Village will continue to maintain and monitor local drainage. The Village must ensure the flood protection level of service provided to residents is maintained and/or improved. Policy 1.3 All stormwater shall remain on -site before and after construction. Stormwater shall be required to be retained onsite utilizing a properly designed drainage system (e.g., seepage or infiltration). Any grading and draining improvements, reconstruction within any parcels will require a review and approval, demonstrating with signed and sealed engineering calculations, that the required retention of stormwater onsite is being achieved with a properly engineered stormwater management system that the reconstruction, grading, and drainage improvements shall not negatively impact the adjacent properties. At a minimum, the County Flood Criteria adopted in Miami -Dade County in October 2022 or subsequent standards in effect at the time of review and approval shall be required. Most current and stringent groundwater data available at the time of the review and approval from the Village, County, or other agencies, shall be used. Coral Gables Below is the section of this City's Comprehensive Plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. City of Coral Gables Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, Annex I, Mitigation October 2009 Annex I, Mitigation • Section B: Coral Gables Mitigation Programs and Department Responsibilities • Note: Details and further information is contained in the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy. (Page 3.) • • • Mitigation Projects Completed. • The City's Local Mitigation Strategy identifies mitigation projects that have been completed and provides a list of future projects to be implemented as funding becomes available. (Page 6.) Public Safety Element September 2025 P4-39 Part 4: The Appendices Objective SAF-2.2: Assure that future development or redevelopment maintains or reduces hurricane evacuation times. The City establishes an out -of -county hurricane evacuation time for a category 5 hurricane of 16 hours. Mitigation is permitted to achieve and maintain these standards. Policy SAF-2.3.2: Annually incorporate recommendations of interagency hazard mitigation into the Comprehensive Plan and Post -Disaster Redevelopment Plan. The redevelopment plan shall identify areas which may warrant post -disaster redevelopment, including elimination of unsafe conditions and inappropriate land uses, and limitation of redevelopment in areas of likely repeated damage. Cutler Bay On September 16, 2020 the Town of Cutler Bay passed Resolution No. 20-52 for adoption of the 2020 Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy; authorizing the Town Manager to identify and prioritize hazard mitigation grant program projects to become a part of the Local and Statewide hazard mitigation strategy. The Town also adopted a Climate Change Element via Ordinance 16-09 in October 19, 2016. Town of Cutler Bay Growth Management Plan Future Land Use Element Policy FLU-8C: New schools will minimize negative impacts on surrounding areas through site location, configuration, access and development. Conversely, new development and redevelopment shall minimize and/or mitigate negative impacts on existing school facilities. Policy FLU-9M: The Town shall require developers to identify and mitigate constraints based on soils, topography, and floodplains. Housing Element Monitoring Measures H2-1: 1. Land Development Regulations that mitigate regulatory barriers or provide incentives for the provision of a variety of housing types. 2. Number of cost burdened households by income, age, and special needs group and tenure; and 3. Housing costs Coastal Management Element Policy CM-3C: The Town will establish development standards in the Land Development Regulations for siting future water -related uses that address land use compatibility, availability of upland support services, existing protective status of ownership, hurricane contingency planning, protection of water quality, water depth, environmental disruptions, mitigation actions, availability for public use, economic need, and feasibility Objective CM-4: Through compliance with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) regulations and by targeting repetitive flood loss and vulnerable properties for mitigation, the Town will reduce natural hazard impacts. September 2025 P4-40 Part 4: The Appendices Objective CM-7: The Town will coordinate with the Miami -Dade County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) to develop and implement post -disaster redevelopment and hazard mitigation plans that reduce or eliminate exposure of life and property to natural hazards towards the protection of health, safety, and welfare. Policy CM-7A: Inconsistencies are found with the policies under this objective and the post disaster redevelopment and hazard mitigation plans of the Miami - Dade County Office of Emergency Management (OEM), the Town will notify and coordinate with OEM. Policy CM-7D: Recovery Task Force shall review and decide upon emergency building permits; coordinate with Miami -Dade County, state and federal officials to prepare disaster assistance applications; analyze and recommend to the Town Council hazard mitigation options including reconstruction or relocation of damaged public facilities; develop a redevelopment plan; and recommend amendments to the Growth Management Plan and other appropriate policies and procedures. Objective CM-8: The Town will reduce the exposure of life and property to hurricanes through the planning and implementation of pre -disaster hazard mitigation measures. Pre -disaster planning for post -disaster redevelopment shall direct population concentrations away from the undeveloped identified high -risk areas during post -disaster redevelopment. Policy CM-8C: During pre -disaster planning, hazard mitigation proposals shall be developed by the Town in conjunction with other agencies and, where appropriate, included in the Town's Emergency Response Plan or the Growth Management Plan. Policy CM-8D: As the Town locates facilities, the Town shall determine the feasibility and necessity of relocating public buildings away from high -risk areas. The Town shall develop a formal process and guidelines for evaluation alternative to the replacement or repair of public facilities damaged by hurricanes such as abandonment, relocation, or repair and reconstruction with structural modifications. The costs; environmental impacts; mitigation effects; community impacts; economic development issues; employment effects; legal issues; consistency with local, regional and state plans; time period for implementation; and availability of funds should be evaluated for each alternative. Objective CM-9: During post -disaster recovery and redevelopment, the Town shall implement its Emergency Response Plan (ERP) and applicable Growth Management Plan policies and assist hurricane damaged areas with recovery and hazard mitigation measures that reduce the potential for future loss of life and property. Policy CM-9D: The Town will enforce applicable recommendations of post -disaster hazard mitigation plans required under Section 406 of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974. Conservation Element September 2025 P4-41 Part 4: The Appendices Policy C-6A: Wetlands that are to be protected will be identified based on the type of wetland, function, size, conditions, location, and overall resource value. The wetlands shall be used for purpose that are compatible with their natural values and functions, and shall be protected by using such tools as compensatory wetland mitigation and dedication of conservation easements for preserving open space. All development with the potential to impact wetland areas shall be consistent with SFWMD regulations, and the minimum standards afforded by Chapter 24 of the Miami-46 Dade County Code. Activities in wetland areas may be permitted provided all applicable local, regional, state and federal external environmental agency permits have been obtained and one of the following standards is satisfied: 1. Such an activity is necessary to prevent or eliminate a public hazard. 2. Such an activity would provide direct public benefit, which would exceed those lost as a result of the modification. 3. Such an activity is proposed for habitats in which the functions and values currently provided are significantly less than those typically associated with such habitats and cannot be reasonably restored. 4. Because of the unique geometry of the site, it is the unavoidable consequence of development for uses that are appropriate given site characteristics. Climate Change Element Policy CC-2A: The Town of Cutler Bay shall encourage greener, more energy - efficient and climate resilient construction practices by: 1. Requiring that the construction or renovation of Town -owned facilities meets Florida Green Building Coalition, US Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), or other acceptable commercial building standards; 2. Encouraging commercial builders to require that the construction or renovation of commercial facilities meets Florida Green Building Coalition, US Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), or other acceptable commercial building standards; 3. Encouraging licensed Town personnel to maintain LEED Green Associate certification; 4. Re-evaluating finish floor elevation standards with respect to projected sea level rise scenarios and flooding potential, and; 5. Incorporating building design specifications that increase resistance to more frequent and/or intense storm events. Policy CC-2B: The Town of Cutler Bay shall evaluate risk from sea level rise or climate change related impacts in the location and design or new infrastructure, as well as the fortification or retrofitting of existing infrastructure, specifically within areas east of Old Cutler Road. Policy CC-2C: The Town of Cutler Bay shall make the practice of adapting the built environment to the impacts of climate change an integral part of its plannina September 2025 P4-42 Part 4: The Appendices processes, including comprehensive planning, building codes, land development regulations, resource management, flood control and stormwater management, coastal management, community development and capital planning. Policy CC-2E: The Town of Cutler Bay shall implement strategies and practices to improve resilience to coastal and inland flooding, salt water intrusion, and other climate change impacts. Policy CC-2G: The Town shall develop a sea level rise checklist for use when analyzing new Town projects. Policy CC-3A: New roadways in the Town of Cutler Bay shall be designed to: prevent and control soil erosion; minimize clearing and grubbing operations; minimize storm runoff; minimize exposure to and risk of climate change impacts such as increased flooding, and; avoid unnecessary changes in drainage patterns. Policy CC-3B: The Town of Cutler Bay shall require new construction, redevelopment, additions, retrofits or modifications of property to: incorporate permeable driveways consisting of porous concrete, open cell unit pavers (turf block), flagstone, or brick pavers; reduce total impervious area, and; employ other techniques to reduce run-off, capture and reuse rain water, allow the infiltration of water into the underlying soil, and recharge the Biscayne Aquifer. Policy CC-4A: The Town of Cutler Bay shall coordinate with the Miami -Dade County to identify any existing septic tanks that may be currently at risk of malfunctioning due to high groundwater levels or flooding, and develop programs to abandon these systems and/or connect users to the public sewer system. Policy CC-4D: The Town of Cutler Bay shall continue to develop regulations that require new construction, and redevelopment to: manage stormwater runoff; incorporate porous materials; reduce total impervious area, and; employ other techniques to reduce runoff, capture and reuse rainwater, and recharge the Biscayne Aquifer. https://www.cutlerbay-fl.gov/com-dev/page/growth-management-plan https://www.cutlerbay-fl.gov/town manager/page/town-master-plans https://www.cutlerbay-fl.gov/publicworks/page/flood-awareness Doral On September 9, 2020, the City of Doral adopted Resolution 20-189 which adopts the current Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System Requirements as the City's Floodplain Management Plan. City of Doral Comprehensive Master PIan4 Future Land Use Element 4 https://www.citvofdoral.com/ entity/sharepointdocumentlocation/a7d825a2-238c-ed11-81ac- 001dd807078a?file=City-of-Doral-Comprehensive-Plan %20Revisions 12 2022 Final.pdf September 2025 P4-43 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 2.6.1: Coordinate with Miami -Dade County in implementing the approved Local Mitigation Strategy, by assessing the vulnerability of governmental, medical and public safety sites and structures in the City to storm damage, and in developing an action plan, if necessary, to address wind stability and flood protection for key buildings. Policy 2.6.4: Following the National Response Framework principles, respond to all types of disasters and emergencies with the primary mission of saving lives, and protecting property and the environment. Activate procedures under mutual aid agreements with Miami -Dade County and other area cities when necessary based on event severity. In the case of hurricanes, the City will also immediately implement the recovery policies contained in its adopted Hurricane Preparedness and Recovery Plan. Policy 2.6.5: All proposed large-scale amendments to this Comprehensive Plan and/or zoning applications shall be evaluated for their impact on hurricane evacuation routes and times, and effect on currently available off -site shelter capacities. Roadway improvements and shelter improvements shall be required, if deemed necessary, to mitigate negative impacts and phased with new residential development. Infrastructure Element Policy 5E.2.5: Appropriate local planning, development design standards, and special construction practices shall be required to ensure both short and long-term mitigation of impacts on groundwater created by activities occurring in stream -to - sink basins and in areas where the Floridan Aquifer is unconfined or semi confined. The following provisions shall apply: a) All new development or modifications to existing development shall provide stormwater treatment. b) Corrective action to retrofit or upgrade existing hazardous material facilities consistent with standards applicable to new facilities shall be required by the City. The Hazardous Materials Management Code and development regulations establish guidelines and minimum compliance standards for existing facilities. c) New development activities that involve handling or storing of hazardous materials may be prohibited in areas and shall be subject to the general requirements, siting prohibitions, storage facility standards, secondary containment requirements, and monitoring provisions of the Hazardous Materials Management Code. Where such facilities exist and are proposed to be modified, development review and permitting activities shall include careful evaluation and implementation of engineering and management controls, setbacks and buffers, and monitoring. Existing facilities shall meet the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Management Code pertaining to such facilities. Conservation Element Policy 6.4.12: Provide for regular updates to the City's adopted Stormwater Master Plan. September 2025 P4-44 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 6.4.13: Protect and enhance the stormwater management systems that recharge the Northwest Wellfield Area. Policy 6.5.2: Identify future wetlands to be protected based on the type of wetland, function, size, conditions/location, and overall resource value. These wetlands shall be used for purposes that are compatible with their natural values and functions, and land development regulations shall be adopted to provide these areas with the maximum feasible protection, by using such tools as upland buffers, exotic vegetation removal, hydro period restoration, compensatory wetland mitigation and dedication of conservation easements. Activities in wetland areas may be permitted provided all applicable federal, state, regional and local external environmental agency permits have been obtained. Intergovernmental Coordination Element Policy 9.1.18: Coordinate all disaster preparedness programs with the Miami - Dade County OEM to ensure consistency with the County's Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and the Miami -Dade Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) and in updating hurricane evacuation shelter assignments. City's Land Development Code Section 71-112 — "Required to withstand extreme wind conditions": No more than 15 percent of the required tree planting requirement pursuant to Chapter 71 "Landscaping and Buffers" of the City's Land Development Code, can be trees and palm trees which do not fare well in extreme wind conditions such as hurricanes and tropical storms. Examples are, avocado, black olive, carrot -wood, citrus tree, among other trees specified in Section 71-112. Low Impact Development Master Plan City of Doral Low Impact Development (LID) Master Plan: Provides the City with guidelines, recommendations and Best Management Practices (BMPs) to promote the implementation of green infrastructure in new development and re- development projects to maintain natural infiltration of Stormwater, reduce the discharge of specific pollutants into local waterways, provide more aesthetically pleasing developments and reduce the flood impacts in the City Stormwater system. The Planning Department is currently working on an update to the LID Master Plan which will add new LID techniques. Low Impact Development Section 74-881 - "Low Impact Development (LID) Practices": The City's Planning and Zoning Department is responsible for implementing the LID Master Plan through the incorporation of the LID BMPs in Section 74-881 of the Land Development Code. The LID's BMPs apply to all new development and re- development projects within the City of Doral. Concurrent with the update to the City's LID Master Plan, the Planning Department is revising Section 74-881 of the LDC which will clarify the goals, provide a list of non-structural and structural LID practices (derived from the Master Plan) and provide for maintenance of LID practices. September 2025 P4-45 Part 4: The Appendices In September, 2021, the City of Doral adopted amendments to Section 74-881 Low Impact Development (LID) Practices as follows: (i) Ensure the water quality and quantity requirements are met, per Section 11.0 of the 2021 LID Master Plan update and the SFWMD ERP Applicant's Handbook Volume II. (j) Ensure the post -development annual runoff volume does not exceed the pre -development runoff volume, per Section 11.0 of the 2021 LID Master Plan update and the SFWMD ERP Applicant's Handbook Volume II. (k) Implement erosion and sediment control best management practices during and after construction. (I) Encourage a maintenance program and a 5-year permit recertification process to be included in the approval conditions, where the City has the authority to request maintenance records of the site's LID practices every five (5) years. New buildings and redevelopment sites shall incorporate the following low im- pact development (LID) practices into project design, site and building plans: Developers shall implement the following non-structural LID practices to the maximum extent practical**: a.) Preservation of Site Topography and Soil Profile i. Selectively grade and clear land in order to maintain the natural flow path and reduce soil disturbance and compaction, ii. Prioritize placement of impervious surfaces on clays (if any) and disturbed soils, and placement of infiltration -requiring LID features on highly permeable soils. iii. Incorporate soil amendments that increase infiltration capacity, storage capacity, or pollutant removal capacity of the soil, and add the nutrients needed for vegetation to stabilize sandy soils. b.) Preservation and Use of Native and Local Vegetation i. Preservation and incorporation of conservation areas and wetland habitats ii. Removal of exotic and invasive vegetation iii. Retention of existing native vegetation and introduction of native vegetation appropriate to existing site conditions iv. Conservation of existing native tree canopy c.) Open Space Design and Conservation i. Increase the amount of vegetation on the site ii. Maximize use of open swale systems iii. Maximize overland sheet flow iv. Avoid total site clearing d.) Minimization of Total Impervious Areas i. Utilize alternative roadway, sidewalk, parking lot, and driveway designs to minimize imperviousness and promote natural infiltration. ii. Utilize stabilized grass or other similar surfaces for parking spaces September 2025 P4-46 Part 4: The Appendices provided above the minimum requirement iii. Design buildings to maximize the ratio of square footage to roof area. e.) Reduction of Directly Connected Impervious Areas i. Direct the site drainage to stabilized vegetated areas ii. Design site layout to break-up flow directions from large, paved surfaces iii. Design roof drains to drain to vegetated areas iv. Locate impervious areas so that they drain to permeable areas **If not practical, developers must demonstrate that these practices cannot be implemented because of site constraints. Developers shall implement a minimum of two (2) structural LID practices from the following list, where one meets the water quantity requirement and the other meets the water quality requirement, per Section 11.0 of the 2021 LID Master Plan Update and the SFWMD ERP Applicant's Handbook Volume II. ** a.) Bioretention Basins or Rain Gardens b.) Tree Box Filters or Infiltration Planters c.) Vegetated Swales d.) Filter Strips or Vegetated Buffers e.) Infiltration Trenches f.) Exfiltration Trenches or French Drains g.) Green Roof or Rain Barrels/Cisterns h.) Permeable Pavement i.) Retention Pond j.) Detention Pond k.) Wet Detention or Retention Pond with Aquatic Vegetation I.) Parking Stormwater Chambers **Developers may introduce or propose other LID practices not included in this list for review and consideration by the City. Recommended design criteria, inspection, operation and maintenance requirements, and approaches for storage and infiltration calculation for the aforementioned LID practices are described in greater detail in the City of Doral Low Impact Development Master Plan Update (2021). El Portal Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. Village of El Portal Comprehensive Plan Coastal Management Element May 2002 Policy 1.1.1. In conjunction with any redevelopment of the mobile home park Little Farm Trailer Park site, preserve (and mitigate where possible) the natural canal banks to further marine and wildlife habitat. Policy 9.1.20 Work with Miami -Dade County in implementing the approved Local Mitigation Strategy for hazard mitigation, and by January 2007, the City shall September 2025 P4-47 Part 4: The Appendices Village of El Portal Comprehensive Plan May 2002 develop a City Emergency Plan to increase public safety and reduce damages and public expenditures. Florida City Below is the section of this town's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. Florida City Community Redevelopment Plan February 2009 Policy 1.1: Acquire and demolish dilapidated and unsafe structures while providing relocation programs for displaced families if necessary. Policy 7.1: Work with appropriate government agencies and utility companies to ensure provision of adequate services including potable water, stormwater, sewer, gas, solid waste, television, and electricity. Golden Beach Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. Town of Golden Beach Hurricane and Severe Weather Response Plan Severe Weather Response Element 2007 Policy: The Town will have an organized response to hurricanes and other severe weather related emergencies in order to mitigate the effects of severe weather and to return Town services and normal living conditions as soon as possible. Wherever practical; the Town's plan will use the same terminology and references as Miami - Dade County's (MDC) plan. The Town Mayor and Manager or their designees are responsible for determining when this plan will be implemented. The determination to mobilize will be based upon information provided by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Miami -Dade Emergency Operations Center (MDEOC). Additionally, it is the policy of the Town of Golden Beach Police Department is to protect life, property, and maintain order within the community during a weather related emergency. Appropriate levels of police services will be maintained before, durin• and after a hurricane or severe weather incident. Hialeah Below is the section of this city's Comprehensive Plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. City of Hialeah Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use Element 2024 September 2025 P4-48 Part 4: The Appendices City Hialeah Comprehensive Plan 2024 of Policy 1.2.14: Wetland impacts on the Annexation area. The City, in the development of the northwest area, will mitigate the impact of development on wetlands consistent with environmental requirements and development projections. Conservation Element The 100-year floodplain needs to be protected to help mitigate the damaging effects of flooding. Protection of these areas is assisted through the National Flood Insurance Program and local Code of Ordinances. Flood criteria must be met before the City will issue any building permits. Capital Improvements Element Policy 1.4.2: The City shall continue to maintain an inventory of any existing hazards within the City by using the hazards analysis and hazards mitigation criteria established within the Miami -Dade County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and shall also identify any grant sources available to mitigate the hazards listed on the hazard inventory. Hialeah Gardens The City of Hialeah Gardens incorporates mitigation into its planning process as follows: City of Hialeah Gardens 2025 Comprehensive Plan Intergovernmental Coordination Element October 2012 • Policy 1.1.10 The City shall implement the provisions of the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Guidelines in accordance with the Interlocal Agreement with Miami -Dade County. • Objective 1.3 Coordinate the impact of development with other jurisdictions to define and implement mutually beneficial goals, ensure consistency among adjacent land uses, and mitigate negative development impacts. This objective shall be made measurable by implementation of its policies. The City of Hialeah Gardens has a Division of Emergency Management which is responsible for coordinating disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation concerns for all City departments. Homestead Below is the section of this city's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. City of Homestead Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use Element June 2011 Objective 10: Hurricane Evacuation and Mitigation Ensure that development and redevelopment are consistent with hurricane evacuation plans. September 2025 P4-49 Part 4: The Appendices Measure 2: Maintain hurricane mitigation measures that are consistent with the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) and facilitate the approved evacuation plans. Policy 10.1: Development orders for new development and redevelopment shall be consistent with local and regional hurricane evacuation plans where applicable. Policy 10.2: Mitigate any identified deficiencies in storm damage resistance of critical public facilities and construct new facilities, if needed, to assist in the City's evacuation plans. Objective 11: Hazard Mitigation and Post -Disaster Redevelopment To the extent financially feasible, incorporate all prudent hazard mitigation needs and post -disaster redevelopment procedures into the City's capital improvement planning and Land Development Code. Measure: Number of capital improvement projects and/or amendments to the land development code successfully implemented to address hazardous mitigation needs and post disaster redevelopment procedures. Hazard Mitigation/ Post -Disaster Redevelopment Element Policy 4.3: Participate in the preparation/modification of the 409 Hazard Mitigation Plan. Objective 6: Implementation of the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) The City continues to work with the Miami -Dade EOC and other government agencies to implement the policies, ordinances and programs outlined in the LMS. Measure: Coordinate efforts with state and county agencies to bring the community together as a single mitigating entity. Policy 6.1: Participate in the improvements in the City's standing and classification in the Community Rating System (CRS), with the related consequences of making flood insurance under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) more affordable and reachable, while improving the effectiveness in coping with flood hazards, problems and emergencies. Policy 6.2: Disseminate information on a repetitive basis with respect to the existence of flood hazards and the availability of measures to mitigate the problems presented by such hazards. Policy 6.3: Increase the level of coordination of mitigation management concerns, plans and activities at all levels of government. Policy 6.4: Improve and maintain cutting edge, state-of-the-art, and effectiveness of the City's emergency preparedness and disaster response capacity. Policy 6.5: Continue our commitment to the review, update and implementation of the local hazard mitigation strategy. Indian Creek Village Below are the new Policies of the Village's Comprehensive Plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. Comprehensive Plan for Indian Creek Village 2024 Update Coastal Management Element September 2025 P4-50 Part 4: The Appendices GOAL 6.2, Objective A Policy 5: The Village shall participate in the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) program, which aids in disaster recovery. The LMS is a community -wide group that assesses a community's potential vulnerabilities in the event of a disaster, and develops activities or projects that would reduce those vulnerabilities. If a disaster does occur, the LMS has ready lists of related projects a community can implement to prevent or reduce damages from a similar disaster. The Village shall strive to complete or participate in activities or projects that proactively reduce vulnerabilities. Policy 6: The Village shall continue to enforce Chapter 16, Flood Damage Prevention, Village Code of Ordinances (Ord. No. 225, adopted September 8, 2020). Key Biscayne On August 25, 2015, the Village of Key Biscayne passed Resolution No. 2015-38 for adoption of the 2015 Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy; authorizing the Village Manager to identify and prioritize hazard mitigation grant program projects to become a part of the Local and Statewide hazard mitigation strategy. The Village has a full-time Certified Flood Plain Manager who is responsible for the implementation of the Community Rating System (CRS) and NFIP compliance with assistance from a CRS Coordinator and a Consultant. The Village of Key Biscayne has incorporated mitigation into their planning processes to include the following plans: Ordinances 2017-2023 No. 2017-03 - Repealing and replacing Chapter 10 - Floods - relating to the Floodplain Management Regulations. No. 2017-08 - Amending Sections 10-63 and 10-73 re Floodplain Management Regulations — expanding the definition of Coastal A Zone and clarifying specific methos of construction and requirements for additional elevation No. 2023-05 - Creating a Sustainability Advisory Board No. 2023-09 - Amending the Village Code by revising section 10-63 "Definitions", 10-91 "Permanent Placement" and section 30-41 "Recreational Vehicles and Manufactured Homes" Village Wide Vulnerability Assessment August 2024 Resolution No. 2024-41 Adopting the Key Biscayne Vulnerability Assessment Report September 2025 P4-51 Part 4: The Appendices Village of Key Biscayne Code of Ordinances Plan February 2014 M Section 30-73-Site Plan Review Procedures Item (f)(6)g: Description of methods to be implemented during construction to mitigate adverse quantity or quality impacts off -site. Village of Key Biscayne Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan August 2019 Annex -IV: Recovery H. Hazard Mitigation Plan/Program Resolution No. 2019-55 The Village of Key Biscayne has adopted the Miami -Dade County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan by reference. Village of Key Biscayne Floodplain Management Plan (FMP) — CRS Annual Recertification Annual Progress Report September 2020 Progress on FMP implementation falls within the context of CRS compliance Action Plans followed by the Village. The Action Plan Items are included and tracked through the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS). Community Rating System (CRS) September 2020 Repetitive Loss Properties One of the activities involved with the Annual NFIP CRS Re -Certification process is the analysis of Repetitive Loss Areas (RLAs). The purpose of the analysis is to determine possible mitigation solutions to minimize the flood claims. Future Land Use Element Objective 2.4 Hurricane Evacuation Eliminate or reduce land uses which are inconsistent with applicable Florida Natural Hazards Interagency Work Group Annual Report recommendations and enhance the efforts of the Miami -Dade Office of Emergency Management by providing it with all relevant information. Policy 2.4.1 The Village shall regulate all future development within its jurisdiction in accordance with the Future Land Use Map which is consistent with the applicable Florida Natural Hazards Interagency Work Group Annual Report. The Village shall periodically review and revise the Future Land Use Map in light of future interagency hazard reports in order to reduce or eliminate uses which are inconsistent therewith. Housing Element Policy 1.4.4 The Village shall monitor current and future housing needs and explore innovative solutions to increase the affordability and diversity of housing stock while maintaining compliance with the Coastal High Hazard Area and Floodplain Regulations. Infrastructure Element Objective 1.1 Current Deficiencies and Future Needs; Drainage The Village shall continue to upgrade the drainage system so that stormwater outfalls into Biscayne Bay (and adjacent canals) fully meet National Pollution September 2025 P4-52 Part 4: The Appendices Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) standards no later than December 31, 1998, and the standards of Chapter 17-25, FAC and of Chapter 17-302.500, FAC. The Village shall continue to upgrade onsite drainage standards to ensure that private properties retain at least the first one inch of stormwater on site and permit no more runoff after development than before development. Policy 1.1.2 During the first phase of drainage master plan implementation the Village shall begin to mitigate to the extent technically and economically feasible direct stormwater outfalls into the canals and Biscayne Bay. Anticipated improvements include a series of catch basins, manholes and pipes for the collection of the stormwater and routing to pollution control structures and drainage wells with emergency overflows. The pollution control devises (grease and oil separator) are to be provided before each drainage well to prevent contamination from entering. Emergency overflow structures is to be constructed at the existing outfalls and would discharge only when the storm events generate more than one inch of runoff. These improvements shall be designed to fully meet the specific standards set forth in Objective 1.1 above. Conservation and Coastal Mana • ement Element Policy 1.3.1 The Village shall continue to enforce estuarine waterfront protection provisions in the land development code. The provisions will be drafted to ensure that all applicable development permit applications are reviewed in the context of the mangrove protection policies of the State DEP and the waterfront policies of DERM. In particular, DERM Class 1 Permits pursuant to Section 24-48.1 of the Miami -Dade County Code shall be required for all construction seaward of the mean high water line. Such construction shall be designed to minimize environmental impacts and mitigate unavoidable impacts. This provision shall be interpreted to protect sensitive lands from sea walls and other related construction, but it shall not be interpreted as permitting construction seaward of the State Coastal Construction Control Line in violation of other policies of this Comprehensive Plan. Objective 1.5 Floodplains The Village shall amend its floodplain regulations to require all new and/or substantially improved or repaired buildings to be constructed higher than the minimum standards as set forth in the Florida Building Code and floodplain regulations in 44 C.F.R., Part 60. Policy 1.5.4 The Village shall evaluate and adopt regulations to require or incentivize site low impact development techniques and best management practices to reduce losses due to flooding and resulting insurance claims. Policy 1.7.14: The Village hereby designates DERM mangrove jurisdictional areas in the Villaae as environmentally sensitive lands which shall be 'protected from September 2025 P4-53 Part 4: The Appendices development unless their ecological value is replaced via mitigation. These DERM areas are mapped in Figure V-1 of the Data and Analysis of this Plan. Policy 3.3.3: During post -disaster recovery periods, after damaged areas and infrastructure requiring rehabilitation or redevelopment have been identified, appropriate Village departments shall use the post -disaster redevelopment plan to reduce or eliminate the future exposure of life and property to hurricanes; incorporate recommendations of interagency hazard mitigation reports; analyze and recommended to the Village Council hazard mitigation options for damaged public facilities; and recommend amendments, if required, to the Village Master Plan. Goal 4 Protect coastal properties and public facilities and infrastructure investment by preparing, adapting and mitigating for climate change impacts Objective 4.1 Flood Risk Reduction The Village shall adopt and implement policies, land development regulations, administrative procedures, incentives, or other strategies to reduce vulnerability to sea level rise, high -tide events, storm surge, and stormwater runoff. Policy 4.1.1 By 2025, the Village shall consider the development of a Resilience Action Plan (RAP) to explore adaptation and mitigation measures which increase resilience to climate change impacts, including the reduction of risk. Policy 4.1.2 The Village shall review and monitor updates to The Unified Sea Level Rise Projection for Southeast Florida produced by the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact and consider the projections when evaluating, planning, and designing public facility and infrastructure projects. Policy 4.1.3 The Village shall encourage the use of living shorelines or other nature -based infrastructure as a shore protection alternative. Policy 4.1.4 Construction activities seaward of the coastal construction control lines established pursuant to s. 161.053 shall be consistent with Chapter 161 of the Florida Statutes. Policy 4.1.5 The Village shall maintain flood -resistant construction requirements that are consistent with, or more stringent than, the Florida Building Code and applicable floodplain management regulations as set forth in 44 C.F.R., Parts 59 and 60. September 2025 P4-54 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 4.1.6 The Village shall continue to participate in the Community Rating System under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to achieve flood insurance discounts. Policy 4.1.7 The Village shall evaluate its policies and regulations on a periodic basis to consider amendments to reduce and/or mitigate flooding impacts and shall ensure amendments do not increase the extent and depth of flood potential. Policy 4.1.8 The Village shall ensure that all applicable land development regulations and policies are enforced during development review procedures, shall encourage approaches to mitigate flood impacts, and shall evaluate opportunities for offering incentives for exceeding minimum standards. Medley Below is the section of this town's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. Town of Medley Municipal Code of Ordinances Article V. Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction May 2014 Sec. 30-71. - General standards. In all areas of special flood hazard, all development sites including new construction and substantial improvements shall be reasonably safe from flooding, and meet the following provisions: (1) New construction and substantial improvements shall be designed or modified and adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, and lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy. (2) Manufactured homes shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, and lateral movement. Methods of anchoring may include, but are not limited to, use of over -the -top or frame ties to ground anchors. This standard shall be in addition to and consistent with applicable State of Florida requirements for resisting wind forces. (3) New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage. (4) New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damage. (5) Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, air conditioning equipment and other service facilities, includin• duct work, shall be designed and/or located so as September 2025 P4-55 Part 4: The Appendices to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding. (6) New and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the systems. (7) New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the systems and discharges from the systems into flood waters. (8) On -site waste disposal systems shall be located and constructed to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding. (9) Any alteration, repair, reconstruction or improvements to a building that is in compliance with the provisions of this chapter shall meet the requirements of "new construction" as contained in this chapter. (10) Any alteration, repair, reconstruction or improvements to a building that is not in compliance with the provisions of this chapter, shall be undertaken only if said non -conformity is not furthered, extended, or replaced. (11) All applicable additional federal, State of Florida, and local permits shall be obtained and submitted to the Floodplain Administrator along with the application for development permit. Copies of such permits shall be maintained on file with the development permit. State of Florida permits may include, but not be limited to, the following: a. South Florida Water Management District: in accordance with Chapter 373.036 Florida Statutes, Section (2)(a)—Flood Protection and Floodplain Management. b. Department of Community Affairs: in accordance with Chapter 380.05 F.S. Areas of Critical State Concern, and Chapter 553, Part IV F.S., Florida Building Code. c. Department of Health: in accordance with Chapter 381.0065 F.S. Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems. (12) Standards for subdivision proposals and other new proposed development (including manufactured homes): a. Such proposals shall be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage. b. Such shall have public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems located and constructed to minimize or eliminate flood damage. September 2025 P4-56 Part 4: The Appendices c. Such proposals shall have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards. (13) When proposed new construction and substantial improvements are partially located in an area of special flood hazard, the entire structure shall meet the standards for new construction. (14) When proposed new construction and substantial improvements are located in multiple flood hazard risk zones or in a flood hazard risk zone with multiple base flood elevations, the entire structure shall meet the standards for the most hazardous flood hazard risk zone and the highest base flood elevation. Miami The City has a full time Flood Plain Manager who is responsible for the implementation of the Community Rating System compliance and NFIP compliance. The City also has an Office of Resilience and Sustainability that is responsible for environmentally -focused projects, including but not limited to the creation of the City's Climate Action Plan, energy efficiency partnerships, and the adoption of green building initiatives. The City of Miami has incorporated mitigation into their planning processes to include the following plans: City of Miami Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan March 2024 Policy III.B.1: Mitigation Mitigation efforts include activities that will prevent or reduce the impact of emergency/ disaster results on people, property and environment. Efforts include building codes, land use planning, training and education, structural and non- structural safety measures. Any actions accomplished to prevent an emergency/disaster from occurring or to reduce the effects of an emergency/disaster is mitigation. City departments will enforce all public safety mandates of the Miami City Code to include land use management and building codes; and recommend to the Mayor and City Commission, legislation required to improve the "disaster resistance" of the community. Policy III.M.2: Activation of City CEMP a. When an emergency/disaster has occurred or is imminent, the Mayor may declare a state of emergency, activating the emergency response, recovery, and mitigation aspects of the Miami CEMP that apply to the affected area. b. Portions of the CEMP (certain ESFs) may be activated in support of a field incident commander for smaller, single site, emergency events, without a formal emergency declaration by the Mayor. September 2025 P4-57 Part 4: The Appendices c. The resources of all City departments and agencies are considered to be available to minimize the effects of a natural disaster. Voluntary assistance to support City efforts may come from: • Adjoining communities. • Private business and industry. • All other groups or individuals. • Any additional assistance required at the county, state or federal level. Assistance should be requested through the Miami -Dade County Emergency Operations Center (EOC). Policy III.P.2: Overview of Initial Federal Involvement Immediately after an incident, local jurisdictions respond using available resources and notify State response elements. As information emerges, they also assess the situation and the need for State assistance. The State reviews the situation, mobilizes State resources, and informs the DHS/EPR/FEMA Regional Office of actions taken. The Governor activates the State emergency operations plan, proclaims or declares a state of emergency, and requests a State/DHS joint Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) to determine if sufficient damage has occurred to justify a request for a Presidential declaration of a major disaster or emergency. Based upon the results of the PDA, the Governor may request a Presidential declaration and defines the kind of Federal assistance needed. At this point, an initial assessment is also conducted of losses avoided based on previous mitigation efforts. Policy III.P.9: Overview of Initial Federal Involvement As immediate response priorities are met, recovery activities begin. Federal and State agencies assisting with recovery and mitigation activities convene to discuss State needs. Policy III.P.11: Overview of Initial Federal Involvement Throughout response and recovery, mitigation staff at the JFO will examine ways to maximize mitigation measures in accordance with State hazard mitigation administrative plans. Grounded in the local risk, and with State priorities and mitigation plans in place, DHS/EPR/FEMA and State officials contact local officials to identify potential projects and suggest which ones should be included in an early implementation strategy. The strategy focuses on viable opportunities to provide funds, technical assistance, and staff support to incorporate mitigation into the overall community recovery, to include the repair and replacement of damaged or destroyed housing and infrastructure. City of Miami Hurricane Plan March 2024 Policy V.G.7: Response and Recovery with Damage Assessment The responsibilities of the Recovery Action Team (RAT) are: • Oversee the recovery and reconstruction process and to serve as an advisory body to the City Manager. September 2025 P4-58 Part 4: The Appendices • Identify mitigation opportunities and identify recovery resources. • Ensure coordination of the recovery process. Attachment V-A.G.1: Receive and review damage reports and other analyses of post -disaster circumstances and to compare these circumstances with mitigation opportunities identified prior to the disaster in order to identify areas for post -disaster change and innovation. Where needed, the RAT may review alternative mechanisms for achieving these changes and recommend the coordination of internal and external resources for achieving these ends. Attachment V-A.G.3: Review damage reports and other analyses of post disaster circumstances and compare these circumstances with mitigation opportunities and identify areas for post disaster development changes. Attachment V-A.I.2: Identify funding sources for mitigation and recovery projects including state and federal assistance programs, private -sector funding, and public donations. Schedule of Recovery Functions (RF) Attachment V-J.RF #1 Recovery & Redevelopment: To articulate the vision of redevelopment in both the anticipation and in the wake of a catastrophic natural disaster and to use opportunities presented by disaster and lessons learned to improve the community. Attachment V-J.RF #9 Damage Assessment/Impact Analysis: To determine the disaster's impact on the City and to determine recovery priorities and identify resource needs for City disaster recovery. Attachment V-J.RF #19 Mitigation: To prepare a post -disaster hazard mitigation plan that will define actions during the recovery period that help prevent repeated future losses and reduce the City's vulnerability to natural hazards. Attachment V-J.RF #20 Recovery Administration & Finance: To provide a framework for implementing administrative and financial services necessary for disaster recovery. Miami -Fort Lauderdale UASI THIRA 2023 The Miami -Fort Lauderdale UASI THIRA addresses mitigation needs through the recovery and protection core capabilities. Miami -Fort Lauderdale Urban Area Security Strategy 2023 Mission: Increase preparedness, prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery capabilities within the Urban Areas and the Southeast Florida Region for all hazards, including terrorism. September 2025 P4-59 Part 4: The Appendices Effort: Based on the capability assessment and strategy review, implementation steps are included and updated under each core capability and linked to regional initiatives and activities intended to enhance the preparedness, prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery capabilities of the South Florida metropolitan areas either by: • Current, proposed, or future funding to enhance or sustain a capability or capacity needed within the jurisdictions or the region; or, • By reference to existing capabilities where no enhancement is required or currently planned, but access to those capabilities is needed to fulfill the full range of preparedness, prevention, protection, mitigation, response and recovery actions for incidents of all types. Goal: Protect Critical Infrastructure & Key Resources, Objective: Physical Protective Measures, Step: Establish a joint CIP workgroup to include the private sector to set security goals, identify assets, systems and networks; assess risks and threats annually; implement protective programs; and measure the effectiveness of risk - mitigation efforts. Goal: Protect Critical Infrastructure & Key Resources, Objective: Risk Management for Protection Programs & Activities- State, regional, local, tribal and private sector entities, in coordination with Federal participation, identify and assess risks, prioritize and select appropriate protection, prevention, and mitigation solutions based on re- duction of risk, monitor the outcomes of allocation decisions, and undertake corrective actions. Step: Implement and assess the risk management model within the region and develop a plan to implement appropriate risk mitigation strategies using UASI funds. Goal: Respond to Disasters- CBRNE, Objective: Infrastructure Systems, Step: Encourage and assist jurisdictions in developing or enhancing recovery and mitigation efforts and plans. Step: Maintain liaison with county Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) coordinators. Step: Ensure that lifeline facilities are incorporated into mitigation and recovery planning. Goal: Recover from Terrorism & Other Disasters, Objective: Natural and Cultural Resources- Protect natural and cultural resources and historic properties through ap- propriate planning, mitigation, response, and recovery actions to preserve, conserve, rehabilitate, and restore them consistent with post -disaster community priorities and best practices and in compliance with appropriate environmental and historical preservation laws and executive orders. Securing the Cities (STC) Program / September 2022 Securing the Cities — STC Miami Region is to engage local, state, and federal agencies that operate to address the risk posed by the threat of radiological and September 2025 P4-60 Part 4: The Appendices nuclear terrorism through a coordinated Preventive Radiological/Nuclear Detection (PRND) program. This program is developed to deter, detect, and report the hazardous handling and/or unauthorized attempts to import, possess, store, develop, or transport illicit radiological/nuclear material within Southeast Florida. Miami Forever Climate Ready: Extreme Heat Plan / October 2024 Pursuant to City Commission Resolution R-23-0354, the City of Miami developed an Extreme Heat Season Plan to articulate short-term and long-term actions that can be taken to address extreme heat in the City. This Heat Season Plan is organized into three main cooling solutions - Shade, Water, and Design - along with a Heat Response Protocol. The Shade solutions focus on increasing tree canopy, greenery, and shaded structures in public spaces. The Water solutions aim to improve access to water bodies, drinking fountains, and cooling amenities like pools and splash pads. The Design solutions involve policies and programs to help residents cool their homes and workplaces, as well as protect outdoor workers. The Heat Response Protocol outlines the actions different city departments will take during heat season (May 1 — October 31), including notifying the public, aiding vulnerable populations, and coordinating emergency response. The plan includes both short-term (2-3 years) and medium -term (5 years) actions to be implemented. City of Miami King Tide Action Plan / Ongoing The City of Miami has developed a King Tide Task Force comprised of representatives from multiple departments to proactively prepare for the King Tide season. The activation begins in July/August and lasts until King Tides subside in the end of November. Activities include building awareness for the dates with the community, verifying the performance of key drainage infrastructure, preparing pumps and temporary flood barriers for deployment as needed, and clearing debris to reduce the hazards in floodwaters. City of Miami Stormwater Master Plan / 2021 The Stormwater Master Plan (SWMP) provides a strategy for remediating the impacts of flooding, sea level rise, and storm surge. These climate impacts have the capacity to disrupt surface road transportation, sewer and septic system operation, and public health. The Stormwater Master Plan developed a capital infrastructure plan for the City to inform expenditures of the City's general obligation bond allocation for flood mitigation. The SWMP Update has digitized all city records about the stormwater system, integrated resident feedback and reports to ground -truth predictions, developed a Miami flood model, recommend future scenarios for improvements to address sea level rise, and delivered a 20-year capital improvement plan. September 2025 P4-61 Part 4: The Appendices City of Miami Critical Facilities and Assets Vulnerability Assessment / October 2024 In 2021, the Florida legislature added a requirement for local governments to conduct a Vulnerability Assessment (VA), defined in Section 380.093, Florida Statute (F.S.). The City developed a VA to establish the baseline condition of critical infrastructure and assets; determine the impacts of current and future climate risks on this infrastructure; understand community needs for new infrastructure; and, develop a process for ensuring that retrofitted and new infrastructure withstands future climate impacts. To develop this analysis, the City conducted inundation modeling, providing insight into flood extents caused by high tides, coastal storm surge, and compound flooding that could occur during a simultaneous rainfall and high tide event. Projected sea level rise values for the years of 2040 and 2070 were integrated into the flood hazard datasets to map potential increases in flood extent and depth over the coming decades. These maps were used to inform the Vulnerability Assessment and identify City assets at risk from existing and future flood scenarios, aiding in strategic planning and adaptation efforts for the City's resilience. Resilient Waterfront Enhancement Plan / June 2023 The City's waterfront has been designed based on historical water level conditions that did not account for sea level rise and much of the coastal development is now located within 6 feet of existing sea level. To address ongoing flood vulnerabilities that threaten the City's long-term resilience, the City developed a Resilient Waterfront Enhancement Plan. This plan lays out shoreline enhancement concepts along Biscayne Bay and the Miami River that will mitigate current and future flood risks while also emphasizing nature -based features that support local ecosystems in the design. This work compliments the City's Waterfront Design Guidelines (Appendix B of Miami21) and the City's seawall ordinance that sets minimum seawall heigh standards. Reimagine Parks Master Plan / July 2023 The Miami Parks Master Plan provides strategic and resilient recommendations for the provision of facilities, programs, services, park land acquisitions, and development. In the Operational Analysis, the City called out Parks role in Emergency Management with park facilities serving as convening spaces during emergency response and recovery. As part of the Vision of the Plan, it is recommended that at least nine park facilities are enhanced to function as resilience hubs to aid in emergency preparedness and response activities. Policies 5. Flood Damage Prevention: Ordinance 16167 — July 2024 September 2025 P4-62 Part 4: The Appendices In July 2021, the City Commission approved Ordinance 16167 updating the Chapter 20 of the City ordinance regarding floodplain construction and building requirements to satisfy the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and to achieve consistency with the Florida Building Code. These updates addresses development in the special flood hazard areas and nonspecial flood hazard areas, and has certain requirements as to recertification of the drainage to provide clarity for property owners and developers so that the City can combat issues related to sea level rise and incessant flooding. Website: Ordinance 16167 6. Resolution R-22-0419 — October 2022 The City Commission approved Resolution R-22-0419 that directs the City Manager to adopt a policy requiring City Capital Projects that address stormwater management or flood mitigation to address, as appropriate, heat mitigation, heat and stormwater monitoring, GHG reduction, and future mobility. In addition, this resolution requires that in the Scope of Work (SOW) of such projects, nature-based/low-impact development, a landscape architect, and WEDG and/or Envision certification guidelines be considered where feasible and appropriate. The City developed procurement guidance and an internal policy to implement this directive. Website: Resolution R-22-0419 7. Seawall Ordinance (Chapter 29) — March 2021 Goal: Miami Forever Climate Ready Goal 3 — Protect and enhance our waterfront Objectives: • 3.1 — Reduce the severity, duration, and impact of coastal and riverine flooding on shorelines and surrounding communities • 3.2 — Update and implement waterfront design standards • 3.3 — Accelerate investment in features along the waterfront Seawall elevation is a critical factor to provide protection to waterfront properties and public infrastructure from flooding due to King Tides, storms, and sea level rise. In 2020, the City modified its seawall ordinance to consider raising sea levels, changes include: • Revised definitions for seawall and require North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88) as standard for all elevation data • Established standards for permeable erosion barriers such as rip rap, or a land/water interface of another nature • Set minimum seawall elevations at 6 FT (NAVD88) uniformly throughout Miami, except for those seawalls fronting the Miami River and its tributaries, which will be required to be set at elevation of 4 FT (NAVD88), with ability to increase (cap) another 2 ft September 2025 P4-63 Part 4: The Appendices • Require seawall reconstruction to the minimum elevation if the substantial repair threshold is triggered • Require maintaining seawalls in good repair • Address transitions with fixed and floating docks • Require improvements should a property allow tidal waters entering their property to impact adjacent properties or public Rights of Way to be initiated within 180 days, with repairs commencing within 365 days, and repairs being completed within 18 months of owner receiving citation Approximately 13.7 miles of the 33.9 miles of public shoreline are protected by seawalls. Approximately 39 miles of the 52.3 miles of privately owned shoreline are protected by seawalls. For public walls, we assume 75% of our walls are below 6' NAVD, or 4' NAVD along the Miami River and its tributaries. This means we could see a cost of -$76M-$136M to raise/replace the city -managed seawalls. For privately owned seawalls, approximately 37.5 miles is below 6' NAVD, or 4' NAVD along the Miami River and its tributaries. This would equate to a replacement cost of -$277M- $425M. It should be noted, however, that even some of the natural shorelines will need to be fortified (unknown additional cost) and not all existing seawalls will need full replacement, so the prices noted above could be high or they could be low. Website: Chapter 29 City Code Miami Beach The City's Flood Plain Manager implements the Community Rating System and maintains NFIP compliance through floodplain regulation and building inspection. The Environment and Sustainability Department focuses on environmental regulation, sustainability goals, urban forestry and canopy expansion, and resilience studies. Below are City ordinances and plans that relate to hazard mitigation: City of Miami Beach Comprehensive Plan 2040 2019 Resilient Land Use and Development (RLU) Goal RLU 2: Innovative, Sustainable and Resilient Development Encourage innovative development consistent with the historic resources of the City, while ensuring that redevelopment, investment, and new development is constructed utilizing principles of sustainable and resilient development practices. Principle 1: Developing a Resilient Future The City shall encourage redevelopment that contributes to community resiliency by meeting all required peril of flood mitigation and storm hazard standards for on -site September 2025 P4-64 Part 4: The Appendices development and shall also prioritize energy efficient development that provides stormwater mitigation, and co -benefit features that contribute to the City's resiliency as a whole. Climate Resiliency and Sustainability (RSE) Goal RSE 1 Resilient Development / Adaptation Action Area Goal RSE 2 Proactive Planning to Increase Resilience to Sea Level Rise and Weather -Related Events: The City shall establish policies and approaches that address the ongoing environmental challenges facing the city and shall engage in proactive planning. Goal RSE 5 Support Sustainable and Resilient City Operations Goal RSE 6 Emergency Preparedness: The City shall collaborate and coordinate with appropriate local, regional, state, and national governmental agencies, to the extent possible, toward the implementation of AAA adaptation strategies and to identify risks, vulnerabilities and opportunities associated with coastal hazards and the impacts from sea level rise. Transportation Element (TE) Goal TE 3 Transportation Resiliency: Improve transportation resiliency in Miami Beach through sustainable and adaptive improvements that are consistent with regional transportation plans and support hurricane evacuation. Housing Element (HE) Goal HE 2 Neighborhood Sustainability: Establish and maintain an energy efficient housing stock that is resilient to a changing climate while maintaining a strong neighborhood and cultural identity. City of Miami Beach Stormwater Management Master Plan March 2024 1.4 Project Description To aid in addressing the challenges of implementing a stormwater management program on a city -side scale, the City has been divided into fifty-six (56) neighborhood project areas. Infrastructure upgrades are proposed for each neighborhood project to: 1) improve runoff capture by increasing the number of inlets, 2) improve stormwater conveyance by installing larger diameter pipes, 3) improve the quality of water discharged from the neighborhood by installing trash racks and structures to remove sediment and nutrients, 4) increase outfall discharge capacity by installing stormwater pumping stations and improving outfall structures and associated seawalls, and 5) ultimately improve resiliency and flood protection through the incremental raising of the roadways. City of Miami Beach Fire Department Strategic Plan 2020 - 2025 Goals and Objectives Goal 12: Conduct a minimum of two one large scale functional exercises simulating active shooter and additional hurricane preparedness and cybersecurity exercises. Objective 12A: Begin by training employees on the established plans; build up from drills and tabletops to full scale functional exercises simulating active shooter and hurricane preparedness. Miami Beach Code of Ordinances: General Ordinances Chapter 54 - Floods September 2025 P4-65 Part 4: The Appendices Sec. 54-34. - Objectives. The objectives of this article are to: (1) Protect human life, health and to eliminate or minimize property damage; (2) Minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects; (3) Minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public; (4) Minimize prolonged business interruptions; (5) Minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains, electric, telephone and sewer lines, roadways, and bridges and culverts located in floodplains; (6) Maintain a stable tax base by providing for the sound use and development of floodprone areas in such a manner as to minimize flood blight areas; and (7) Ensure that potential homebuyers are notified that property is in a flood hazard area. Chapter 54 establishes the floodplain administrator position, adopts regulation for special flood hazard zones, and is periodically updated to maintain compliance and conformity to FEMA policy and the Florida Building Code. City of Miami Beach Resiliency Code June 2023 Chapter 4 Landscape Requirements 4.1.1 Intent It is the intent of these regulations to establish minimum landscape standards for the City of Miami Beach that enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the landscape, and to: a. Prevent the destruction of the city's existing tree canopy and promote its expansion. b. Improve the aesthetic appearance of new development and protecting designated historic landscapes. c. Promote sound landscaping principles through the use of drought and salt tolerant plant species and also to promote planting the right tree and plant in the right place. d. Promote the use of trees and shrubs for energy conservation, thereby helping to offset global warming and local heat island effects. e. Provide shade. f. Improve stormwater management and address flooding and hurricane management. g. Ameliorate noise impacts and light pollution. h. Promote the use of canopy trees to sequester carbon dioxide emissions. i. Improve urban ecology and protect beach ecology. Chapter 7 Zoning Districts and Regulations 7.1.1 INTENT This section sets forth regulations that are common to all districts, or which apply to certain building types or uses that are found across multiple zoning districts. Resilience, September 2025 P4-66 Part 4: The Appendices Adaptation and Mitigation standards are the most prominent sections in this article but are also accompanied by other regulations that affect the quality of the public realm. 7.1.2 Resilience and Adaptation Standards This section describes regulations that are intended to promote adaptation to rising sea levels, storm surge, king tide and fair-weather flooding. 7.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION STANDARDS 7.1.3.1 Purpose Whereas resilience and adaptation are the response to threats posed by climate change, environmental mitigation represents the strategies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ecological degradation that is often associated with the built environment. Sustainable building practices will promote the economic and environmental health of the city, and ensure that the city continues to become environmentally resilient to combat sea level rise and help curb climate change. This chapter is designed to achieve the following objectives: j. Increase energy efficiency in buildings; k. Encourage water and resource conservation; I. Reduce waste generated by construction projects; m. Reduce long-term building operating and maintenance costs; n. Improve indoor air quality and occupant health; o. Contribute to meeting state and local commitments to reduce greenhouse gas production and emissions; and p. Encourage sound urban planning principles. 7.1.4 FRONTAGES 7.1.4.1 Purpose A walkable environment is created by unifying design of the public realm with private frontages that shape the public realm. There are a variety of frontage types, which vary depending on the zoning district and the uses at the eye -level of the pedestrian. This section illustrates how these frontages ought to be designed in order to accommodate future raising of the street. Seawall Height Ordinance No. 2021-4393 Requires all new seawalls must be constructed to an elevation of 5.7 ft NAVD, or 4 ft NAVD if designed to support a future elevation of 5.7 NAVD. Codifies this requirement and includes that seawalls must be upgraded if the property has new construction or substantial improvements. It should be noted that property owners are encouraged to consider designs using materials to further biodiversity of the City's coastal marine habitat. Establishes overtopping as a trigger for seawall elevation and seawall maintenance requirements. Seawalls must be maintained in good repair as to not allow soil to eroded into the bay or waterway or to allow tidal waters to flow through the seawall and impact adjacent private property(s). City of Miami Beach Seawall Ten -Year Reconstruction Plan October 2021 Seawall Prioritization and 10-year Plan The Public Works Department developed a 10-year prioritization list for the reconstruction of the remaining 2.8 miles (out of 5 miles total) of City -owned that had September 2025 P4-67 Part 4: The Appendices not yet been elevated or reconstructed as of October 2021. The Department conducted a topographical survey of all seawalls within the City in 2020, an assessment in 2011, and a visual structural inspection in 2015. Seawalls have been prioritized based on elevation, location (those next to private properties and critical infrastructure were prioritized), and condition. Buoyant City: Historic District Resiliency & Adaptation Guidelines March 2020 Overview The Buoyant City study's primary goal is to better understand and communicate the intersection and relationship between resilience and historic preservation. It illustrates practical steps and proposes new preservation and resilience frameworks, and it demonstrates how specific adaptation strategies might extend the culture and experience of Miami Beach. The study provides valuable tools, such as place -specific design strategies, adaptive project design for historic preservation, and guidelines for designers and developers. City of Miami Beach Dune Management Plan January 2016 Statement of Purpose and Objectives The purpose of the City of Miami Beach Dune Management Plan ("the Plan") is to outline the framework and specifications that the City will use to foster and maintain a healthy, stable, and natural dune system that is appropriate for its location and reduces public safety and maintenance concerns. The Plan shall guide the City's efforts in managing the urban, man-made dune as close to a natural system as possible and ensuring the dune provides storm protection, erosion control, and a biologically -rich habitat for local species. 1. Reduce to the maximum extent possible the presence of invasive, non-native pest plant species within the dune system. 2. Cultivate and support a dense grassy pioneer zone dune. 3. Maintain a low, stable strand zone comprised of native species. 4. Improve native species diversity of the strand zone. 5. Properly plan dune restoration activities to avoid and minimize potential impacts to sea turtles. Flood Mitigation Plan 2022 Statement of Purpose and Objectives The Miami Beach Flood Mitigation Plan (FMP), adopted in 2022 is in compliance with the federal hazard mitigation planning standards contained in 44 CFR 201.6(b)-(d). The City of Miami Beach developed and submitted all the necessary plan revisions and FDEM staff reviewed and approved these revisions. The City of Miami Beach FMP is compliant with federal standards. Adopted with RESO 2022-32274 Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) Sep 2022 Statement of Purpose and Objectives September 2025 P4-68 Part 4: The Appendices The City of Miami Beach Fire Department's Division of Emergency Management maintains a Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), which establishes the framework for adequate preparedness and response to all hazards. The CEMP identifies the roles and responsibilities of the departments and division personnel inside and outside the agency for planning, preparation, response, mitigation, and recovery in the event of a disaster. The CEMP addresses the five phases of emergency management (prevention/protection, preparedness, mitigation, response, recovery) set forth in the State of Florida CEMP, the Miami -Dade County CEMP, and the National Response Framework (NRF). The CEMP also describes how national, State, County and other resources will be coordinated under the National Incident Management System (NIMS) to supplement City resources in response to a disaster. Throughout the CEMP, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 fundamentals and the Whole Community approach strategy are utilized. Intergovernmental activities are coordinated utilizing a functional approach that groups emergency response organizations according to roles and responsibilities as Emergency Support Functions (ESFs). The CEMP is accompanied by several annexes, including an ESF annex, annexes that address specific hazards, such as hurricanes and instances of terrorism, and the Continuity annex, which includes the citywide Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) and the Continuity of Government (COG) plan. Each department in the City uses the CEMP as a guide for developing their departmental emergency response plans, including the departmental COOPs, which are updated yearly prior to hurricane season. Miami Gardens The City of Miami Gardens incorporates mitigation actively through Drainage Improvement Projects and other stormwater management practices. The City of Miami Gardens budgets over $2,000,000 annually for drainage improvement projects aimed mitigating localized and area -wide flooding issues. This is highlighted in the Comprehensive Development Master Plan. The projects funded through this appropriation are tracked continually during the year. The City also continuously seeks grant funds to assist in constructing drainage improvements, and leverages local funds as matches to increase the number and scope of grant funded projects. Drainage improvement projects are implemented and tracked through the City's Stormwater Management Master Plan. In FY 2022, the City completed an update of its Stormwater Master Plan. The plan prioritizes projects based on the vulnerability of an area to flooding, and their degree of flood protection and water quality improvement. In addition, the plan addresses the mitigation of flooding issues in areas where FEMA repetitive loss properties are located in order to minimize or eliminate future insurance claims. Projects developed through the Stormwater Management Master Plan are included in the City of Miami Gardens' contribution to the Miami Dade County LMS Plan. September 2025 P4-69 Part 4: The Appendices Below are the sections of the City's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. City of Miami Gardens' Comprehensive Development Master Plan November 2019 Future Land Use Element Objective 2.6: Land Use Compatibility The City shall ensure that the land development regulations contain criteria to mitigate negative impacts that incompatible land uses may have on the neighboring areas. Objective 2.12: Hazard Mitigation and Disaster -Preparedness Coordinate the City's Emergency Response Plan with Miami -Dade County and State of Florida to address hazard mitigation and disaster -preparedness for the safety of residents and property in Miami Gardens. Policy 2.12.1: The City Public Works Department and City Manager's office shall coordinate with the Miami -Dade County Emergency Management Operations Center for the safety of its citizens. Policy 2.12.2: The Public Works Department shall prepare a City Emergency Response Plan to appropriately address emergency/hazard/disaster mitigation program for the safety of Miami Gardens' residents. Policy 2.12.3: Coordinate with Miami -Dade County in developing and implementing an Action Plan if necessary, to address flood protection, storm damage precautions. Policy 2.12.4: The City's Emergency Response Plan shall include but not be limited to an incident command system structure, delegation of responsibilities for incidents, a medical procedure and materials plan, outreach to the community through identified forums and public information systems, and post disaster mitigation plans that includes designated debris sites and personnel needs. Miami Lakes Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. Town of Miami Lakes Comprehensive Plan November 2019 Land Development Element Policy 1.2.4: Develop a code enforcement system in the new Code that is proactive in ensuring that the high standards, which are the hallmark of Miami Lakes, are maintained, and the personnel are very responsive to resident and business owner inquiries. In addition, ensure that the system allows for the mitigation and/or correction of adverse nuisance impacts, such as noise, odor and/or dust, on residential neighborhoods caused by any existing commercial and industrial operations. Future Land Use Element Objective 1.6: Hazard Mitigation and Disaster Preparedness September 2025 P4-70 Part 4: The Appendices Coordinate with Miami -Dade County and the State of Florida in addressing the hazard mitigation and disaster -preparedness needs of Miami Lakes, and encouraging the elimination and/or reduction of land uses inconsistent with the recommendations of any public agencies charged with managing hazard mitigation and disaster -preparedness. Policy 1.6.1: Coordinate with Miami -Dade County in implementing the approved Local Mitigation Strategy, in assessing the vulnerability of governmental, medical and public safety sites and structures in the Town to storm damage, and develop an action plan, if necessary, to address wind stability and flood protection for key buildings. Conservation Element Policy 6.7.1: Wetlands that are to be protected will be identified based on the type of wetland, function, size, conditions/location, and overall resource value. These wetlands shall be used for purposes that are compatible with their natural values and functions, and land development regulations shall be adopted to provide these areas with the maximum feasible protection, by using such tools as compensatory wetland mitigation and dedication of conservation easements for preserving open space. All development with the potential to impact wetland areas shall be consistent with South Florida Water Management District regulations. Miami Shores Hazard mitigation and disaster recovery is incorporated throughout the Miami Shores Coastal Management Element. The Miami Shores Village Hurricane Plan, 2014 outlines in detail the city and employee activities, duties and responsibilities to be conducted prior and after a hurricane event. The focus is on preparedness prior to a hurricane event and detailed recovery plan post hurricane event. Miami Shores Coastal Management Element November 2013 Objective 4: Direct population concentrations away from the coastal high hazard areas, hurricane vulnerability zone and limit coastal high hazard area, hurricane vulnerability zone infrastructure expenditures. Direct population concentrations away from the coastal high hazard areas, hurricane vulnerability zone and limit the expenditure of Village funds on infrastructure within the Coastal High Hazard Area, hurricane vulnerability zone if such infrastructure would have the effect of directly subsidizing development which is significantly more intensive than authorized by this Plan. [9J-5.012 (3) (b) 5 and 6] The Coastal High Hazard Area is defined as the area below the elevation of the category 1 storm surge line as established by a Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) computerized storm surge model. Monitoring and Evaluation: Annual record of Village actions to direct away or reduce the population of the hurricane vulnerability zone. Policy 4.1: The Village shall restrict development in accordance with the Future Land Use Map of the plan. It is the legislative judgment of the Village that the Future Land Use Map provides the most appropriate way to limit development in the coastal high hazard areas, September 2025 P4-71 Part 4: The Appendices hurricane vulnerability zone consistent with reasonable property rights and long- established land use patterns. [9J-5.012 (3) (c) 9] Policy 7.2: The Village shall monitor the need for drainage system improvements. Policy 7.3: The Village shall design infrastructure with consideration to the potential rise in sea level. Policy 7.4: The Village shall deny any Future Land Use Map density increases in the hurricane vulnerability zone. Objective 8: Hazard mitigation. In general, the Village shall regulate development so as to minimize and mitigate hazards resulting from hurricanes. In particular, the Village shall ensure that all construction and reconstruction complies with applicable regulations designed to minimize hurricane impact on buildings and their occupants. Monitoring and Evaluation: Record of participation in Miami -Dade County Emergency Preparedness meetings, activities and programs. Annual record of development permits issued in the hurricane vulnerability zone, demonstrating the application of specific standards that result in a reduction in the exposure of human life and property to natural disasters September 2025 P4-72 P -4e Appr..=. Coastal Management Element November 2013 Policy 11.2: The Land Development Code shall be amended to require Special Approval for the repair or replacement of hurricane damaged buildings in the FEMA VE Velocity Zone. The criteria for granting such approval shall be as follows: 1) repair or replacement shall be authorized for principal buildings and their associated accessory buildings and structures when the principal building suffers minor or major damage; and 2) repair or replacement shall be authorized for principal buildings and their associated accessory buildings and structures when the principal building is destroyed provided that the setback from the FEMA VE Zone is the maximum possible consistent with the authorized floor area, other setback requirements and reasonable design standards, but in no case less than 15 feet from the seawall, and provided further that the applicable requirements of Policy 11.3 are also met. Policy 11.3: The Land Development Code shall be amended to require Special Approval for the repair or replacement of hurricane damaged buildings in the Hurricane Vulnerability Zone (east of Biscayne Boulevard). The criteria for granting such approval shall be as follows: 1) repair shall be authorized for principal buildings and their associated accessory buildings and structures when the principal building suffers only minor damage; 2) repair or replacement shall be authorized for principal buildings and their associated accessory buildings and structures when the principal building suffers major damage or is destroyed, provided that the resulting buildings fully meet the Florida Building Code and all requirements of the Miami Shores Village land development code and provided further than ground floor elevations conform with the FEMA map. Historic buildings shall be exempt from this policy. Miami Springs Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. City of Miami Springs Comprehensive Plan October 2024 Future Land Use Element Objective 1.1: Future Land Use Categories Maintain existing development and achieve new development and redevelopment consistent with the community character statement articulated as the Community Character Goal above and which: 1) protects and preserves single-family neighborhoods as safe, decent, and affordable residential areas; and 2) otherwise coordinates future land uses with the appropriate topography and soil conditions and the availability of facilities and services. Policy 1.1.3: The City shall enforce land development code provisions governing subdivisions, signs, and floodplain protection. Such provisions shall be consistent with this plan and with the applicable Florida statutory and administrative code uidelines. September 2025 P4-73 Part 4: The Appendices City Miami Springs Comprehensive Plan October 2024 of Objective 1.6: Hurricane Evacuation Coordinate future land uses by encouraging the elimination or reduction of land uses which are inconsistent with applicable interagency hazard mitigation report recommendations and enhance the efforts of the Miami -Dade Office of Emergency Management by providing it with all relevant information. This objective shall be measured by implementation of its supporting policies. Policy 1.6.1: The City shall regulate all future development within its jurisdiction in accordance with the Future Land Use Map. It shall also consider the most current Interagency Hazard Mitigation Team Report as part of the development regulations. The City shall periodically review and revise the Future Land Use Map in light of future interagency hazard mitigation reports in order to reduce or eliminate uses which are inconsistent therewith. Policy 1.6.2: The City Manager or designee shall annually assess the City's existing and permitted population densities to determine if changes are significant enough to transmit such data to the Miami -Dade Office of Emergency Management to assist in their hurricane evacuation planning. Conservation Element Objective 1.5: Floodplain Protection Protect and conserve the natural functions of existing floodplains. This objective shall be measured by implementation of its supporting policies. Policy 1.5.1: The City shall enact and enforce land development code provisions governing floodplain protection. Such provisions shall be consistent with this plan and with the applicable Florida statutory and administrative code guidelines. Floodplain protection regulations shall be consistent with applicable standards promulgated by the SFWMD; the SFRPC; Miami -Dade County's RER; Florida's DEP; and/or other agencies with relevant jurisdiction and/or information. The City shall revise as necessary and enforce flood hazard reduction regulations to ensure: 1) adequate drainage paths around structures to guide storm water runoff; 2) for residential buildings in AE zones, the elevation of the lowest floor and mechanical equipment above the base flood elevation; 3) for nonresidential buildings in AE zones, either the elevation of the lowest floor and mechanical equipment above the base flood elevation or the flood proofing of habitable areas below the base flood elevation; 4) the prohibition of structural fill. The enumeration of specific features of the of flood protection- regulations contained herein shall be interpreted as establishing minimum standards for City regulations, not as precluding additional or higher standards which may have a legitimate public purpose. In addition, the City shall participate in the Community Rating System of the National Flood Insurance Program. Intergovernmental Coordination Element Policy 1.2.2: The City shall assist the County in providing information to the residents of the City about services provided directly or indirectly by the County, e.g., solid waste, potable water, sewers, transit, and hurricane response planning. Such information may be disseminated through a City newsletter, City Hall September 2025 P4-74 Part 4: The Appendices City of Miami Springs Comprehensive Plan October 2024 counter handouts, notices posted at the City Hall, and/or other appropriate means. Objective 1.4: Support Initiatives to Address Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Policy 1.4.1: Support the Miami -Dade WASD and SFWMD in any efforts to evaluate the consequences of sea level rise, changing rainfall and storm patterns, temperature effects, and cumulative impacts to existing structures and existing legal uses. Policy 1.4.2: Participate in the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact to support regional planning efforts and initiatives to adapt to rising sea level in the Lower East Coast (LEC) Planning Area. Policy 1.4.3: Work collaboratively with the Miami -Dade WASD, other utilities, and SFWMD to identify the utility wellfields and other users at potential risk of saltwater intrusion within the LEC Planning Area. North Bay Village Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. City of North Bay Village Comprehensive Plan March 2023 Future Land Use Element Policy 2.1.7: Ensure that all development orders and permits are consistent with the goals and objectives of the Village's Flood Damage Protection Ordinance and withhold such orders and permits when they conflict with the Ordinance. Transportation Element Policy 3.2.5: Require that new development and redevelopment plans identify, by means of a traffic -way impact study, and mitigate any negative impacts the plans may have upon streets and walkways to ensure the maintenance of levels of service and safety within the City. Mitigation shall be mandatory to the extent that a development or redevelopment contributes to the identified impact. No development or redevelopment plan shall be permitted without an approved traffic -way impact study and mitigation plan. Policy 3.3.2: The City shall require all potential development on the Kennedy Causeway to demonstrate that the anticipated traffic impact will not cause the Causeway to fall below the required Level of Service, or to mitigate any impacts to maintain or improve the required Level of Service. Housing Element Policy 6.4.3: The Village shall implement and apply a variety of housing affordability strategies for its residents, including but not limited to the following: • Continue to promote flood risk reduction and resilient housing design and construction through the implementation of regulations in the Unified Land Development Code and Building Code and through capital improvement priorities. September 2025 P4-75 Part 4: The Appendices City of North Bay Village Comprehensive Plan Coastal Management Element March 2023 GOAL Protect human life and the environment and limit destruction in areas subject to natural disaster through implementation of hazard mitigation strategies. Objective 8.1: The Village shall continue to coordinate with Miami -Dade County Emergency Operations Center to provide hurricane warning notice and information about evacuation conditions for residents in order to maintain or reduce hurricane evacuation times. Policy 8.1.1: The Village shall periodically update its Emergency Evacuation Assistance Program to identify and provide notice to citizens who require evacuation assistance. Policy 8.1.3: Continue the coordination program with Miami -Dade County on hurricane evacuation of the Village's citizens to County -wide shelters (from the pickup point on Treasure Island). Policy 8.1.4: Upon posting of a hurricane watch, the Village shall contact Village residents identified through the special assistance survey conducted as per Policy 8.1.1 through e-mail and direct phone calls to urge evacuation and establish the need for evacuation assistance upon posting of a hurricane warning. Policy 8.1.5: The Village shall coordinate with the County and the South Florida Regional Planning Council to reduce or maintain evacuation time to twelve (12) hours. The Village shall adopt an evacuation policy in concert with Miami -Dade County Emergency Operations Center which immediately informs residents when an evacuation order has been issued. Policy 8.1.6: Critical evacuation roadway links shall receive high priority for annual maintenance and capital improvement expenditures. Policy 8.1.7: Hurricane Storm Surge Evacuation Zones shall be the areas designated/delineated by Miami -Dade County, as requiring evacuation and/or early evacuation in any storm event impacting Zone B (Orange Zone). Policy 8.1.8: The Coastal High -Hazard Area, shall be defined as stated in Florida Statutes Chapter 163, as the areas below the elevation of the category 1 storm surge line as established by a Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) computerized storm surge model, as described in Florida Statutes 163.3178(2)(h). The area defined should be based upon the most recently available data published by the Florida Division of Emergency Management. Policy 8.1.10: The Village shall continue to implement programs and policies in conjunction with Miami Dade County to protect residents and businesses from disasters and mitigate hazards. The Village shall implement the post -disaster programs and procedures outlined in the County's Hurricane Procedures, to identify immediate actions necessary to protect the health, welfare, and safety of its residents. Policy 8.1.11: The Village shall monitor updates to the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) and the Miami -Dade County Emergency Operations September 2025 P4-76 Part 4: The Appendices City of North Bay Village Comprehensive Plan March 2023 Plan procedures to ensure that all applicable provisions of the hazard mitigation are incorporated and/or addressed in local hazard mitigation procedures. GOAL Provide for increased safe and nondestructive public use of natural coastal resources for North Bay Village. Objective 8.5: The Coastal High Hazard Areas in the Village shall be the area below the elevation of the category 1 storm surge line as established by a "Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) computerized storm surge model". Policy 8.5.1: The Village shall inventory and identify all reimbursable improvements in the coastal area eligible for federal funding and include this information in the Village's local mitigation strategy plan. Objective 8.6: Coastal High Hazard Area Land Use and Infrastructure: Limit Village funds used to improve infrastructure within its planning area that would have the effect of directly subsidizing development above the adopted intensity and density standards of the Village. Policy 8.6.3: The Village shall prohibit any future proposed land use amendment and/or development or redevelopment activity which would increase the adopted density/intensity of the Coastal High Hazard Area as it currently is defined. Policy 8.6.6: The Village shall support development measures which integrate innovative climate adaption and mitigation designs where possible Objective 8.7: The Village shall address and prepare for the impacts of, sea level rise. All infrastructure projects must consider potential impacts of sea level rise during all project phases. The Village manager will evaluate sea level rise risks to existing infrastructure. Policy 8.7.5: The Village shall address recurring flooding issues by implementing the 2022 Stormwater Master Plan. Policy 8.7.10: The Village shall continue the process of lining of wastewater pipes and shall continue to evaluate and implement measures where feasible to flood proof coastal pumping stations and electrical facilities in vulnerable areas. Policy 8.7.11: The Village shall continue to reinforce increased inflow into the storm water system in vulnerable areas by installing flap gates, sleeve valves and/or duckbill valves as appropriate and: 1. Continue to evaluate the need for new pumping stations in vulnerable areas. 2. Continue to ensure development and redevelopment consider the best available data on minimum floor elevation, including FEMA flood zones. Policy 8.7.12: The Village shall coordinate with Miami -Dade County to identify Adaptation Action Areas within the Village and assist with multi -jurisdictional solutions to address identified vulnerabilities. Policy 8.7.13: The Village shall continue to identify and address public buildings and infrastructure vulnerable to sea level rise and other climate change related September 2025 P4-77 Part 4: The Appendices City of North Bay Village Comprehensive Plan March 2023 impacts. This analysis shall include public buildings, water and wastewater systems, transmission lines and pump stations, stormwater systems, roads, libraries, parks, fire and police stations and facilities. Policy 8.7.14: The Village shall identify funding sources to address identified vulnerabilities with priority given to addressing vulnerabilities to critical facilities and infrastructure. Policy 8.7.15: The design, location and development of infrastructure and buildings operated by or on behalf of the Village shall include evaluation of sea level rise utilizing the Unified Sea Level Rise Projection Report (2019), prepared by the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. Policy 8.7.16: In order to address and adapt to the impacts of climate change, the Village shall continue to improve analysis and mapping capabilities for identifying areas of the Village vulnerable to sea level rise, tidal flooding, and other impacts of climate change. Objective 8.8: The Village shall provide immediate response to post -hurricane situations in concert with its post -disaster redevelopment plan, to be adopted within one year of this Plan's adoption, which will reduce or eliminate the exposure of human life and public and private property to natural hazards. Policy 8.8.1: After a hurricane, but prior to re-entry of the population into evacuated areas, the Village Commission shall meet to hear preliminary damage assessments, appoint a Recovery Task Force, and consider a temporary moratorium of building activities not necessary for the public health, safety, and welfare. Policy 8.8.2: The Recovery Task Force shall include the Building Official, Public Works Director and other Village staff members as directed by the Village Commission. Staff shall be provided by the Departments whose Directors sit on the Task Force. The Task Force shall be terminated after implementing its responsibility. Policy 8.8.3: The Recovery Task Force shall review and decide upon emergency building permits; coordinate with Miami -Dade County, State and Federal Officials to prepare disaster assistance applications; analyze and recommend to the City Commission hazard mitigation options including reconstruction or relocation of damaged public facilities; develop are development plan; and recommend amendments to the City's Comprehensive Plan, Miami -Dade County Hurricane Procedure Plan, and other appropriate policies and procedures. Policy 8.8.5: The Recovery Task Force shall propose Comprehensive Plan amendments which reflect the recommendations in any interagency hazard mitigation reports or other reports prepared pursuant to Section 406 of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (PL93-288). Policy 8.8.7: Structures which suffer recurring damage to pilings, foundations, or load -bearing walls shall be required to rebuild landward of their current location to September 2025 P4-78 Part 4: The Appendices City of North Bay Village Comprehensive Plan March 2023 modify the structure to structurally enhance the structure, institute other mitigation measures, or delete the areas most prone to damage. Objective 8.9: The Village will achieve a flood resilient community status by phasing out inappropriate and unsafe development in the coastal areas when opportunities arise, using studies, surveys, and data to assess flooding risks which result from high -tide events, storm surge, flash floods, stormwater runoff, and the related impacts of sea level rise. Assessments will provide the basis for redevelopment practices as identified by the Peril of Flood legislation, (Section 163.3178, F.S.). Policy 8.9.1: The Village shall evaluate Miami -Dade County and other local government post -disaster guidelines and propose appropriate guidelines for post - disaster development. The proposed guidelines will also address the relocation, mitigation, or replacement of Coastal High Hazard Area infrastructure and will implement the Village's coastal management element. The post -disaster guidelines shall distinguish between the recovery phase and long-term redevelopment including the removal, relocation, or structural modifications of damage and unsafe structures and infrastructure. Policy 8.9.13: The Village will continue to work with the South Florida Regional Planning Council and other agencies at the local, County, Regional, State, Federal, and global levels to address climate change and to encourage best practices with regards to redevelopment and flood mitigation. Policy 8.9.14: The Village will continue to investigate participation in the National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System. North Miami Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. City of North Miami 2036 Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use Element November 2019 Objective 1.11: The City shall coordinate with Miami -Dade County, the South Florida Regional Planning Council and the State of Florida in addressing the evacuation, structural integrity and disaster -preparedness needs of North Miami. Objective Policy 1.11: The City shall coordinate with the Miami -Dade County and the South Florida Regional Planning Council in implementing the approved Local Mitigation Strategy, by assessing the vulnerability of governmental, medical and public safety sites and structures in the City to storm damage, and in developing an action plan, if necessary, to address wind stability and flood protection for key buildings. September 2025 P4-79 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 1.11.1: The City shall continue to coordinate with the State of Florida, Miami - Dade County and the South Florida Regional Planning Council in implementing the approved Local Mitigation Strategy, by assessing the vulnerability of governmental, medical and public safety sites and structures in the City to storm damage, and in developing an action plan, if necessary, to address wind stability and flood protection for key buildings. Policy 1.11.2: The City shall continue to work with the South Florida Regional Planning Council's Local Emergency Planning Committee and Miami -Dade County's Emergency Management Department to ensure that City employees are well -trained in the programs, procedures and policies required during a disaster emergency and the longer -term post -disaster redevelopment process. Policy 1.11.5: All proposed large-scale amendments to this Comprehensive Plan and/or zoning applications shall be evaluated for their impact on hurricane evacuation routes and times, and effect on currently available off -site shelter capacities. Roadway improvements and shelter improvements shall be required, if deemed necessary, to mitigate negative impacts and phased with new residential development. Housing Element Policy 3A.4.5: The City shall continue to pursue and maintain funding for the Disaster Mitigation/Recovery Strategy Program to assist with post -disaster repairs and encourage the timely repair of homes damaged as a result of disaster activity. Policy 3B.3.7: The City shall continue to coordinate with Miami -Dade County Emergency Management to provide short-term emergency shelter opportunities to meet expected demands. Transportation Element Objective 2B.3: Coordinate with Miami -Dade Transit and the Miami -Dade Emergency Management Department to help ensure development of an emergency transit plan that provides timely evacuation of the Coastal High Hazard Area during tropical storms and hurricanes. Policy 2B.3.1: The City Manager shall appoint a City employee to meet with the Miami -Dade Emergency Management Department to coordinate evacuation plans and related issues and report back to the City Manager. Policy 2B.3.2: Timely evacuation operations shall be established to commence four hours after an evacuation order is issued by the County Administrator. Coastal Management Element Objective 5A.2: The City shall implement programs and policies in conjunction with Miami -Dade County to protect residents and business from disasters and mitigate hazards. Policy 5A.2.2: As part of on -going monitoring and updating procedures, the City shall ensure that all applicable provisions of the hazard mitigation annex of the Miami -Dade County Emergency Operations Plan, and the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) are incorporated and/or addressed in local hazard mitigation procedures. September 2025 P4-80 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 5A.2.4: The City shall implement the provisions included in the Local Mitigation Strategy to provide for debris clearance as well as immediate repair and replacement of public infrastructure required to protect public health and safety. Policy 5A.2.5: The City shall make every effort to support and implement the initiatives and projects listed in the Local Mitigation Strategy, including both countywide initiatives and the following proposed hazard mitigation projects located in North Miami: 1. Flood Prevention and Mitigation: Basin 13 2. Non -critical Facilities Hazard Mitigation 3. Surge Resistance and Flood Mitigation at Keystone Point and Sans Souci 4. Sanitary Sewer Backup 5. Safeguarding Availability of Potable Water 6. Emergency Portable Stormwater Pumps 7. Gravity Sewer Systems Improvements: Groundwater Infiltration Reduction 8. Emergency Power: Water and Sewer Utility Operations Center 9. Utility Operation Center 10. Replacement Generator for Police Station 11. Correct Water Infiltration at City Hall (EOC) Basement 12. Replacement of U.P.S. for Police Station Policy 5A.2.10: The City shall promote and educate the public on strengthening their structures against natural disasters by promoting the hardening of structures in accordance with the Florida Comprehensive Hurricane Damage Mitigation Program (My Safe Florida Home). Policy 5A.3.3: The City shall relieve deficiencies identified in the hurricane evacuation analysis and endeavor to integrate regional and local preparation and evacuation procedures into the City's hazard mitigation measures. Policy 5A.4.2: Incorporate recommendations found in interagency hazard mitigation reports into the comprehensive plan and post -disaster redevelopment plan. Policy 5B.2.4: Institute marina siting criteria that address existing protective status of ownership, hurricane contingency planning, protection of water quality, water depth, availability of upland support services, land use compatibility, environmental disruptions and mitigation actions, availability for public use, and economic need and feasibility. Conservation Element Objective 6B.1: Through the permitting process continue to preserve and maintain identified wetlands and water quality from the impacts of new development or redevelopment. Policy 6B.1.1: The City shall deny permit applications for new development or redevelopment projects which may adversely impact existing wetlands and water quality or quantity until satisfactory mitigation and protection measures are performance bonded by the developer. September 2025 P4-81 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 6.B.2.4: The City shall continue to provide education programs to educate residents about the polluting effect on the Bay and other natural bodies of water in the City, of run-off containing grass clippings, lawn fertilizers, and other similar type material, and present techniques that can be implemented by residents to mitigate this problem. In addition, the City shall continue to coordinate with the SFRPC's Strategic Regional Policy Plan (Policy 14.14 and 14.17) to educate the public. Climate Change Element Objective 12.7: Ensure adequate planning and coordinated response for emergency preparedness and post -disaster management in the context of climate change. Policy 12.7.1: The City of North Miami shall ensure adequate planning and response for emergency management in the context of climate change by maximizing the resilience and self-sufficiency of, and providing access to, public structures, schools, hospitals and other shelters and critical facilities. Policy 12.7.2: The City of North Miami shall develop plans and monitoring programs to address the impacts of climate change on households and individuals especially vulnerable to health risks attributable to or exacerbated by rising temperatures, to include low income households and the elderly. Policy 12.7.3: The City of North Miami shall continue to communicate and collaboratively plan with other local, regional, state and federal agencies on emergency preparedness and disaster management strategies. This includes incorporating climate change impacts into updates of local mitigation plans, water management plans, shelter placement and capacity, review of major traffic -ways and evacuation routes, and cost analysis of post disaster redevelopment strategies. Policy 12.7.4: The City of North Miami shall work to encourage dialogue between residents, businesses, insurance companies and other stakeholders, through public education campaigns and workshops, in order to increase understanding regarding the potential impacts of climate change on our coastal communities and evaluate the shared costs of action or inaction in human, ecological and financial terms. Policy 12.7.5: The City of North Miami shall work with the Florida Division of Emergency Management and other agencies to incorporate sea level rise and increasing storm surge impacts into the remapping of potential hazard areas in coastal zones by 2018. Revised hazard area designations should better reflect the risks to communities associated with climate change and allow reevaluation of suitability for development or redevelopment in these areas, policies and programs. North Miami Beach On August 4, 2015, the City of North Miami Beach passed Resolution No. R2015- 68 for adoption of the 2015 Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy; authorizing the City Manager to identify and prioritize hazard mitigation grant program projects to become a part of the Local and Statewide hazard mitigation strategy. September 2025 P4-82 Part 4: The Appendices The City of North Miami Beach is responsible for natural disaster preparedness and emergency management that is addressed in the Comprehensive Plan. This includes response, recovery, and mitigation procedures that are acknowledge throughout all City departments. The City has a Certified Floodplain Manager that administers the Community Rating System (CRS) to reduce flood damage to insurable property, strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. The primary duties of the Building Official shall be to intake and process permit applications and associated fees; ensure permits are routed for flood elevation review; conduct the review of building permit applications for compliance with structural and technical code requirements for flood -proofing and resistance of combined dynamic, hydrostatic and wind loads; and provide backup certified personnel as needed to assist in the flood elevation review. These duties may be clarified, and other duties may be assigned in memoranda of understanding or in interdepartmental procedures for the administration of the National Flood Insurance Program and Article X of the City North Miami Beach Ordinance (Subdivision and Floodplain Standards). The Building Official ensures that of record of the actual elevation, in relation to mean sea level, of the lowest floor, including basement, of all new or substantially improved structures, flood proof from a registered professional engineer or architect, helps maintain all records pertaining to the provisions of this section and keep them open for public inspection and keeps a file of as -built drawings. Interagency Coordination: The City Building Official and Director of Public Works are hereby appointed to assist and cooperate with the Director of Community Development Department or designee in carrying out the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program, and in the administration of this article. The Director of Community Development Department shall develop interagency memoranda of understanding and procedures which shall describe the duties and responsibilities of each agency involved in the administration of this article. The Director of Public Works, the Building Official, and the Chief Code Enforcement Officer of the City shall cooperate with the Director of Community Development Department in the creation of memoranda of understanding and interdepartmental procedures which shall be approved by the City Manager. Each agency shall properly execute its duties and responsibilities as set forth in this article and in the memoranda of understanding and published procedures. In the absence of any interdepartmental guidance regarding any particular incident or program action, the Director of Community Development Department shall direct immediate or interim action to be taken when time is of the essence, which direction may be reviewed and amended by the City Manager. The Police Department's Crime Prevention Division has a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) that receives special training for the purpose of enhancing their ability to recognize, respond to, and recover from a major emergency or disaster situation. The CERT basic training that is offered at the City of North Miami September 2025 P4-83 Part 4: The Appendices Beach's Police Department, issues a training course that helps residents identify hazards that affects the home, workplace, and neighborhood. The program helps to understand the function of CERTs and their roles in immediate disaster response. For example, the course utilizes prevention techniques such as basic fire suppression strategies and fire safety measures in order to eliminate natural and man-made disasters. The City of North Miami Beach has incorporated mitigation into their planning processes to include the following plans: City of North Miami Beach's Comprehensive Plan April 26, 2018 Future Land Use Element Objective 1.2: Detail a redevelopment strategy for potential redevelopment areas, including those cited in this plan (see Map 1.16, Volume Four). Redevelopment could include Future Land Use Map designation changes as necessary to facilitate enhancement of these areas. Policy 1.2.18: The City should encourage the use of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) standards in the redevelopment of the City and formalize these standards within the Zoning and Land Development Code, enhancing the safety of the City by limiting design factors which abet crime. Objective 1.3: Encourage elimination of uses incompatible with this land use plan. Policy 1.3.4: Continue to regulate the use of land in the flood zones in accordance with FEMA requirements and the Land Development Regulations, including not permitting variances from required finished floor elevations. Continue to implement programs and procedures which improve FEMA's Community Rating System score for the City in order to reduce the cost of homeowner's insurance by 5% annually. Continue to annually reduce the number of existing structures which do not comply with these requirements and regulations. Objective 1.4: Ensure reasonable protection of natural resources and environmentally sensitive land as new development occurs. Policy 1.4.1: Continue to enforce the Oleta River overlay zoning district to achieve maximum reasonable protection of the natural waterfront habitat as development applications are reviewed. Policy 1.4.2: The City shall protect and maintain natural resources and environmentally sensitive lands through the implementation of this comprehensive plan and the land development regulations. Policy 1.4.3: Coordinate the City's land uses, development, and redevelopment activities with the South Florida Water Management District's Biscayne Bay Surface Water Improvement Plan. Objective 1.5: The City shall coordinate with Miami -Dade County, the South Florida Regional Planning Council and the State of Florida in evaluating the impacts of development and redevelopment on hurricane evacuation clearance times, structural integrity, and disaster -preparedness needs. September 2025 P4-84 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 1.5.3: The City shall coordinate with the Miami -Dade County and the South Florida Regional Planning Council in implementing the approved Local Mitigation Strategy by: assessing the vulnerability of governmental, medical and public safety sites and structures in the City to storm damage, and; developing an action plan, if necessary, to address wind stability and flood protection for key buildings. Policy 1.5.4: The City shall continue to work with Miami -Dade County to ensure that City employees are well -trained in the programs, procedures and policies required during a disaster emergency and the longer -term post -disaster redevelopment process. Policy 1.5.5: The City shall evaluate all proposed large-scale amendments to the Comprehensive Plan and/or zoning applications to determine their impact on hurricane evacuation routes and times, and effect on currently available off -site shelter capacities. Roadway improvements and shelter improvements shall be required to mitigate negative impacts, if deemed necessary, and phased with new residential development. Infrastructure Element Objective 1.1: Continue to provide new or improved sewer collection, drainage and/or potable water systems in accordance with the Capital Improvements Schedule, as it is annually updated. Policy 1.1.2: The City shall continue its drainage improvement program and continue the supporting catch basin cleaning program so that adequate street drainage can be achieved and maintained. Objective 1.4: Protect the City's natural drainage and recharge areas by retaining all existing lakes and prohibiting any new development with 100 percent impervious coverage. Policy 1.4.1: Through land development code techniques, protect the existing lakes and assure adequate pervious areas in conjunction with new development. Coastal Management Element Objective 1.1: Continue to achieve zero (0) net loss of the 2,000 linear feet of natural areas bordering the estuarine areas in the City. Policy 1.1.2: As developers apply for permits on the few remaining waterfront sites, the City, in coordination with Miami -Dade County's Shoreline Review Committee when necessary, shall carefully review site plans in order to minimize impacts upon the natural waterfront (and thus the estuary and wildlife), particularly their drainage and tree protection plans; a waterfront zoning overlay district may, in some cases, require mitigation of disturbed natural features through the planting, rip -rap replacement of seawalls, etc. For aesthetic and consistency reasons, seawalls shall continue to be the required shoreline stabilization method for residential areas in Eastern Shores. Objective 1.3: Achieve a net increase in the environmental quality of the estuary; see policies for measurability. Policy 1.3.1: City officials shall coordinate with appropriate local, regional and state agencies to monitor the commercial marinas and assure avoidance of pollution sources by reporting any violations to those agencies. The City shall September 2025 P4-85 Part 4: The Appendices also assure review of any proposed marina, coastal drainage project, or waterfront development by the County Shoreline Development Review Committee and Florida DEP to assure conformance with the Biscayne Bay Surface Water Improvement and Management (SWIM) Plan (South Florida Water Management District, 1994). Policy 1.3.2: Continue the City's street drainage improvement projects in order to minimize pollution from stormwater run-off; take special care in reviewing drainage plans for private development projects located near waterways to assure that adequate on -site retention is provided Policy 1.3.3: Annually review the development code to assure adequate protection is provided against negative impacts that may result from potential new uses in the coastal area and in any flood hazard areas. Policy 1.3.5: The City, through its regulatory processes and coordination with appropriate agencies, shall limit specific and cumulative impacts of development or redevelopment upon wetlands water quality, water quantity, surface water runoff, and exposure to natural hazards, wildlife habitat, and living marine resources. Objective 1.4: The amount of shoreline devoted to water dependent and water related uses shall be maintained at 3,500 linear feet along the Oleta River system and Snake Creek Canal or increased in conformance with the criteria in the following policies. Note that North Miami Beach has very limited vacant privately owned frontage on the estuary. Policy 1.4.1: Existing water dependent uses and new water dependent uses (i.e., uses which cannot exist or occur without estuarine association) should be maintained and should be regulated through zoning policies which insure environmental compatibility. New uses which increase access or preserve and protect shoreline resources should be encouraged. Policy 1.4.7: Acquire natural areas and natural habitat for conservation through County, State, or Federal Grants if possible. Objective 1.6: The City shall enforce the minimum floodplain management regulations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the City's Floodplain Standards Ordinance for new and substantially improved buildings. Policy 1.6.4: The City shall continue to participate in the Community Rating System (CRS) and the National Flood Insurance Programs (NFIP), and distribute information relative to its provisions. Policy 1.6.5: In an effort to minimize flood insurance premium rates for North Miami Beach residents, the City shall endeavor to maintain or improve its Class 8 rating to a Class 7 or better by performing floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements of the Community Rating System. Policy 1.6.6: To prevent further additions to the list of Repetitive Loss (RL) properties published by FEMA, the City shall remain committed to working on eliminating RL properties within the City to a point that qualifies as a category A or B Community. September 2025 P4-86 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 1.6.7: The City shall continue to enforce Chapter XXIV Zoning and Land Development Code, in an effort to eliminate an increase in the number of RL properties. Policy 1.6.8: The City should attempt to promote the acquisition, or retrofit of RL properties. Policy 1.6.9: The Coastal High Hazard Area is defined as the area below the elevation of the Category 1 storm surge line as established by a Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) computerized storm surge model. The Coastal High Hazard Area is identified on the Future Land Use Map. Objective 2.1: The City shall maintain or mitigate the impacts of development on the prescribed hurricane evacuation clearance times identified in the South Florida Regional Planning hurricane evacuation model update. Policy 2.1.2: Continue to cooperate with Miami -Dade Police and the County Fire Department's Office of Emergency Management, the Red Cross and FEMA through evacuation planning meetings and policies, and in other ways conform to the Metro -Dade Emergency Operations Plan for a Hurricane. Policy 2.1.3: In order to reduce the potential for loss of life and severe property damage, encourage the reduction of densities and intensities in areas likely to be inundated by flooding resulting from hurricane surge as shown by Map 5.3, Volume Four, implement a building code consistent with FEMA requirements, and when possible through grant funding eliminate the potential for increased residential and urban densities in those areas by purchasing such lands for use as public open space and shoreline access. Policy 2.1.4: The City shall participate in regional solutions that aim to reduce overall evacuation clearance times. Policy 2.1.5: The City shall address deficiencies identified in the hurricane evacuation analysis and endeavor to integrate regional and local preparation and evacuation procedures into the City's hazard mitigation measures. Objective 2.2: The City of North Miami Beach shall provide immediate response to post -hurricane situations in concert with a post -disaster redevelopment plan, which will reduce or eliminate the exposure of human life and public and private property to natural hazards. Measure: This objective shall be measured by progress in implementing its policies. Policy 2.2.3: The Recovery Task Force shall include the City Manager, Police Chief, Emergency Management Director, Community Development Director, Building Official, Public Works Director, Parks & Recreation Director and other City staff members as directed by the City Council. Staff shall be provided by the departments whose directors sit on the Task Force. The Task Force shall be terminated after implementing its responsibility under Policy 2.2.6. Policy 2.2.4: The Recovery Task Force shall review and decide upon emergency building permits; coordinate with Miami -Dade County, State and Federal Officials to prepare disaster assistance applications; analyze and recommend to the City Council hazard mitigation options including reconstruction or relocation of damaged public facilities; develop a redevelopment plan; and recommend September 2025 P4-87 Part 4: The Appendices amendments to the comprehensive plan, Miami -Dade County Hurricane Procedure Plan and other appropriate policies and procedures. Policy 2.2.5: Immediate repair and clean-up actions needed to protect the public health and safety include repairs to potable water, wastewater and power facilities; removal of building and/or vegetable debris; stabilization or removal of structures about to collapse; and minimal repairs to make dwellings habitable such as minor roof repairs and other weatherproofing/security measures. These actions shall receive first priority in permitting decisions. Long-term development activities shall be postponed until the Recovery Task Force has completed its tasks. Policy 2.2.6: The Recovery Task Force shall propose comprehensive plan amendments which reflect the recommendations in any interagency hazard mitigation reports or other reports prepared pursuant to Section 406 of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (PL93-288). Policy 2.2.7: If rebuilt, structures which suffer damages in excess of fifty (50) percent of their appraised value shall be rebuilt to meet all current requirements, including those enacted since construction of the structure. Policy 2.2.8: Repair or reconstruction of the existing seawalls within the City shall be done using only pre -fabricated concrete or cement, which may be augmented at the base only by decorative material (rip -rap), shall be similar in height and appearance to adjoining lots, pursuant to the Land Development Regulations. Policy 2.2.9: Following a natural disaster and prior to the implementation of long- term redevelopment, the City shall do the following: Based upon the damage assessment report prepared by the Miami -Dade Public Works Department, the City shall consult with its Public Works officials and consultant engineer to evaluate options for damaged public facilities including abandonment, repair in place, relocation and repair with structural modification, to determine the most strategic approach to long-term development. The evaluation shall include, but not be limited to, issues pertaining to damage caused by natural disaster, cost to construct repairs, cost to relocate, cost to structurally modify, limitations of right- of-way, and maintenance costs. Objective 2.4: The City's Emergency Preparedness Committee shall review its hurricane preparation plans and post -disaster redevelopment plans annually to ensure that risks are mitigated to the furthest extent possible and that its plans are in conformance with the most recent Objectives and Procedures developed by the Miami -Dade County Evacuation Planning Task Force. The City shall annually review its Hurricane Procedures in March of each year Policy 2.4.1: Continue to enforce building codes, floodplain regulations, design criteria, and zoning regulations established to protect new structures, reduce redevelopment costs, and mitigate hurricane hazards. Policy 2.4.2: Zoning district boundaries and land development regulations shall be maintained or revised as necessary to ensure that no new hospitals or mobile homes that do not meet the criteria for manufactured housing are constructed in the coastal area. September 2025 P4-88 Part 4: The Appendices Objective 2.6: The City shall take measures towards hurricane preparation, hazard mitigation and plan for post -disaster redevelopment. Policy 2.6.2: Encourage public awareness and education regarding appropriate responses to a variety of emergencies as feasible and appropriate utilizing such mechanisms as websites, public access television stations, and newsletters. Policy 2.6.3: Coordinate with the County to ensure the availability of emergency shelter for residents required to evacuate areas adversely affected by natural disasters. Policy 2.6.4: Work with the South Florida Regional Planning Council in its role as the region's Economic Development District Coordinator to seek hazard mitigation funding from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration to fund the organizational and training activities of the Business Disaster Mitigation and Recovery Assistance Program. Policy 2.6.5: Consider reducing building permit application fees for disaster resistant shutters, doors, windows, and roof clips for businesses participating in the Business Disaster Mitigation and Recovery Assistance Program Policy 2.6.6: The City shall ensure that all applicable provisions of the hazard mitigation annex of the Miami -Dade County Emergency Operations Plan, and the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS), are incorporated and/or addressed in local hazard mitigation procedures. Policy 2.6.7: The City shall monitor problems and life -threatening situations resulting from natural disaster events and take the necessary steps to ensure that the potential for such problems and situations are minimized in the future. Policy 2.6.8: The City shall implement the Local Mitigation Strategy and Post - Disaster Redevelopment Plan to provide for debris clearance as well as immediate repair and replacement of public infrastructure required to protect public health and safety. Policy 2.6.9: The City shall make every effort to support and implement the initiatives and projects listed in the Local Mitigation Strategy, including both countywide initiatives and the proposed hazard mitigation projects located in the City. Policy 2.6.10: The City will promote the hardening of structures to increase resistance against natural disasters pursuant to the Florida Comprehensive Hurricane Damage Mitigation Program (My Safe Florida Home). Conservation Element Objective 1.2: Continue to pursue drainage practices and programs that minimize ground and surface water pollution, including pollution to the Biscayne Aquifer; experience no increase in the amount of properties, developments, or facilities polluting ground water or surface water as the result of non - implementation of such practices and programs. Measure: Number of properties developed or redeveloped without technical review insuring that proposed drainage at the site minimizes ground and surface water pollution. Polic 1.2.1: Continue to make street draina.e im.rovements Cit -wide. Objective 1.3: Protect existing rare or threatened vegetative communities, natural ecosystems, listed animal species and their habitat, sensitive soils, and September 2025 P4-89 Part 4: The Appendices estuarine communities against any further degradation. Achieve 0 net loss of the 2,000 lineal feet of natural shoreline bordering the estuary. Policy 1.3.4: Further landscape and extend the linear park along the Snake Creek Canal in an effort to assist wildlife and riverine habitat conservation, including the removal of invasive, nuisance vegetation. Policy 1.5.6: Continue to restrict activities known to adversely affect endangered and threatened wild life, and require mitigation measures for activities impacting native vegetative communities. Objective 1.6: The City shall seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the maximum extent feasible and conserve energy resources. In developing the 2012 Evaluation and Appraisal Report and associated amendments, the City shall establish and adopt a percentage goal for greenhouse gas reduction consistent with Miami -Dade County's greenhouse gas reduction goal. Measure: The number of specific programs initiated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, percentage reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, acres of mixed use development as a percentage of total development, and the estimated reduction of vehicle miles travelled as a result of these efforts. Policy 1.6.2: The City shall require low impact development techniques and green building standards that reduce the negative environmental impacts of development and redevelopment by: reducing building footprints to the maximum extent feasible, and locating building sites away from environmentally sensitive areas; promoting the preservation of natural resources; providing for on -site mitigation of impacts (i.e. retention and treatment of stormwater runoff, water reuse, Master Stormwater Management Systems); promoting energy conservation through design, landscaping and building techniques (i.e. solar power, increased tree canopies); promoting water conservation through landscaping and building design; ensuring environmentally friendly building practices (i.e. use of environmentally friendly building materials, recycled materials), and; considering the development and implementation of a green building certification program, with associated regulations, incentives and standards. Opa-Iocka Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. Opa-Iocka Code of Ordinances October 2014 Article VI Flood Damage Protection Sec. 7-75. - Purpose. This article is to insure the continued availability of flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program; to comply with federally imposed requirements; and to protect the public health, safety and general welfare, by minimizing flood losses in the flood hazard areas of the City of Opa-Iocka, and to require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, September 2025 P4-90 Part 4: The Appendices be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction and substantial improvement; control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural protective barriers which are involved in the accommodation of flood waters; control filling, grading, dredging and other development which may increase erosion or flood damage, and; to insure that potential home buyers are notified that property is in a flood area. Sec. 7-78. - Standards for development within special flood hazard (SFH) areas. (a) No new construction and substantial improvement of any residential structure or manufactured home shall be permitted in SFH Areas, and no development permit referred to in section 7-77 of this chapter shall be issued therefore, unless said new construction and substantial improvement has the lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the regulatory flood (100-year flood) elevation. Electrical, plumbing, air conditioning and other attendant utilities must be constructed, designed, and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within their components during conditions of flooding. (b) No new construction and substantial improvement of any nonresidential structure shall be permitted in SFH Areas, and no development permit referred to in section 7-77 of this chapter shall be issued therefore, unless said development has the lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the level of the base flood (100-year flood). If the lowest permitted floor level of such nonresidential structure (including basement) is below the regulatory flood level then such nonresidential structure together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities shall be flood -proofed to one (1) foot above the level of the base flood; provided that the lowest floor level of such nonresidential structure (including basement) shall be not more than ten (10) feet below the base flood level. Where flood proofing is utilized for a particular structure, a registered professional engineer or architect shall certify that the flood proofing methods are adequate to withstand the flood depth, pressures, velocities, impact and uplift forces associated with the base flood, and a record of such certificates indicating the specific elevation (in relation to mean sea level) to which such structure is flood proofed shall be maintained with the designated official. (c) All manufactured homes placed, or substantially improved, on individual lots or parcels, in expansions to existing manufactured home parks or subdivisions, in new manufactured home parks, in substantially improved manufactured home parks, shall meet all of the requirements for "new construction", including elevation in accordance with section 7-78(a) and anchoring requirement of section 7-77(c)(2). (d) All manufactured homes placed, or substantially improved in an existing manufactured home park or sub division shall be elevated so that: (1) The lowest floor of the manufactured home is elevated no lower than the base flood elevation; or September 2025 P4-91 Part 4: The Appendices (2) The manufactured home chassis is supported by reinforced piers or other foundation elements of at least an equivalent strength, of no less than thirty-six (36) inches in height above grade. (3) The manufactured home shall be securely anchored to the adequately anchored foundation system to resist flotation, collapse and lateral movement. (4) In an existing manufactured home park or subdivision in which a manufactured home has incurred "substantial damage as the result of a flood, any manufactured home placed or substantially improved shall meet the standards of section 7-78(a) and 7-77(3). (e) All recreational vehicles placed within this area shall either: (1) Be on site for fewer than one hundred eighty (180) consecutive days; (2) Be fully licensed and ready for highway use; or (3) The recreational vehicle shall meet all the requirements for new construction, including anchoring and elevation requirements of section 7- 78(c). (4) Be on the site for fewer than one hundred eighty (180) consecutive days. A recreational vehicle is ready for highway use if it is on its wheels or jacking system, is attached to the site only by quick disconnect type utilities and security devices and has no permanently attached structures. (f) Elevated buildings. New construction and substantial improvements of elevated buildings that include fully enclosed areas formed by foundations and other exterior walls below the lowest floor shall be designed to preclude finished living space except allowable uses (i.e. parking, limited storage and building access) and shall be designed to allow for the entry and exit of floodwaters to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls. Designs for complying with this requirement must either meet or exceed the following minimum criteria or be certified by a professional engineer or architect: (1) Provide a minimum of two (2) openings having a total net area of not less than one (1) square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding; (2) The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one (1) foot above grade; and (3) Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves or other coverings or devices provided they permit the automatic flow of floodwaters in both directions; Electrical, plumbing, air conditioning and other utility connections must be constructed, designed, and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding. Access to the enclosed area shall be the minimum necessary to allow for parking of vehicles (garage door), (standard exterior door), or entry to September 2025 P4-92 AIL 1 Part 4: The Appendices the living area (stairway or elevator); the interior portion of such enclosed area shall not be finished or partitioned into separate rooms or air conditioned. (g) Notify, in river line situations, adjacent communities and the Florida NFIP Coordinating Office to any alteration or relocation of a watercourse, and submit copies of such notifications to FEMA; (h) The flood carrying capacity within the altered or relocated portion of any watercourse shall be maintained. (Ord. No. 12-09, § 2, 4-11-12) Palmetto Bay On September 14, 2020, the Village of Palmetto Bay passed Resolution No. 2020- 82 adopting Miami -Dade County's Local Mitigation Strategy. This allowed the Village to apply for inclusion into the National Flood Insurance's Community Rating System (CRS) Program. In addition, the Village of Palmetto Bay has integrated mitigation locally through the following plans: Village of Palmetto Bay Comprehensive Plan 2019 Future Land Use Element Objective 1.6 Coastal Hiqh Hazard and Disaster Preparedness Coordinate with Miami -Dade County and the State of Florida in addressing the land use planning, evacuation, structural integrity, and disaster -preparedness needs of Palmetto Bay. Policy 1.6.2 Coordinate with Miami -Dade County in implementing the approved Local Mitigation Strategy, by assessing the vulnerability of governmental, medical, and public safety sites and structures in the Village to storm damage, and in developing an action plan, if necessary, to address wind stability and flood protection for key buildings. Transportation Element September 2025 P4-93 Part 4: The Appendices Objective 2B.3 Emergency Transit Plan Coordinate with Miami -Dade Transit and Miami -Dade Office of Emergency Management (OEM) to help ensure development of an emergency transit plan that will provide a timely evacuation of the Coastal High Hazard Area during tropical storms and hurricanes. Policy 2B.3.1 The Village Manager shall direct the transportation liaison, established under Policy 2A.2.6 of this Element, to meet with the Miami -Dade Office of Emergency Management at least every twelve months to coordinate evacuation plans and related issues and report back to the Manager. Policy 2B.3.2 Timely evacuation operations shall be established to commence four (4) hours after an evacuation order is issued by the County Administrator. Coastal Management Element Objective 5.3 Flood Protection The Village will reduce natural hazard impacts through compliance with federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) regulations and by targeting repetitive flood loss and vulnerable properties for mitigation. Objective 5.8 Post Disaster Redevelopment and Hazard Mitigation Coordinate with the Miami -Dade County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) to develop and implement post -disaster redevelopment and hazard mitigation plans that reduce or eliminate exposure of life and property to natural hazards towards the protection of health, safety, and welfare within the Village. Policy 5.8.2 The Village shall enforce applicable recommendations of post disaster hazard mitigation plans required under Section 405 of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 Pinecrest The Village addresses flooding issues through implementation of the 2015 Stormwater Management Master Plan. The Plan modeled for future conditions at 24-hour, 2-year, 10-year, 25-year, 50-year and 100-year storm events including consideration for sea level rise and prioritized development of drainage project based on the analysis. An update to the 2015 plan is scheduled for 2025. Currently, there are seven Repetitive Loss Properties in the Village of Pinecrest, defined as properties that have submitted flood insurance claims for more than two flood events. To reduce risk to these properties, the Village of Pinecrest has developed and implemented several stormwater management projects to help alleviate localized flooding at locations near or adjacent to the properties. Since 2011, the Village participates in the Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) Program, which provides loans to property owners for solar panels, wind September 2025 P4-94 Part 4: The Appendices generators, insulation and shutters. In addition, the Village has achieved the Florida Green Building Council's Silver Certification and is currently seeking Gold Certification, and has adopted green building and development standards as part of its Land Development Regulations. The Village of Pinecrest has participated in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) since October 13, 1998. The Village's Building and Planning Department is responsible for the review of site development plans and issuance of building permits and customarily reviews all new construction plans for compliance with the requirements of the Florida Building Code and the Village's Land Development Regulations and Floodplain Management Ordinance. In December 2015, the Village of Pinecrest adopted a Floodplain Management ordinance that incorporates new requirements designed to further protect residents and businesses from flood hazards. Notable changes included an additional one - foot increase in the minimum finished floor elevation of new structures and existing structures that are proposed to be remodeled to an extent greater than 50% of their existing value, defined as "substantial improvement". On September 8, 2020, the Village of Pinecrest adopted the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS). The LMS has been approved by FEMA and it has been confirmed that it is in compliance with the federal hazard mitigation planning standards contained in 44CFR 201.6 (b)-(d). The LMS is valid until September 15, 2025. Pinecrest participates in the National Flood Insurance Program's Community Rating System (CRS). On February 27, 2023, the Village was notified that its rating had been modified from Class 8 to Class 7. The Village will continue to coordinate with FEMA and CRS in working to further improve its CRS rating. The Village has a full time Certified Flood Plain Manager who is responsible for the implementation of the Community Rating System (CRS) and NFIP compliance. Village of Pinecrest Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use Element OBJECTIVE 1-3.5: PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES. The Village shall maintain Land Development Regulations and shall continue to enforce regulations which ensure that development and conservation activities shall protect natural resources as directed by the below stated policies. Policy 1-3.5.1: Future Land Use Policies for Managing Environmentally Sensitive Lands. Policies in the Conservation Element for managing environmentally sensitive natural systems, September 2025 P4-95 Part 4: The Appendices including, but not limited to, water resources, wetlands, native habitats and other environmentally sensitive resources shall be carried out through performance criteria in the Land Development Regulations. These and other natural resources identified on the Future Land Use Map series shall be protected and/or preserved pursuant to goals, objectives, and policies stipulated in the Conservation Element. In addition, the Land Development Regulations shall provide more detailed procedures and performance criteria to implement conservation and natural resource protection. The Land Development Regulations shall also provide for wetland preservation, compensatory wetland mitigation, and dedication of conservation easements for preserving open space. Such policies shall continue to be applied in order to protect and preserve natural resources which may in the future be threatened by development expectations. Public Facilities Element GOAL 4-5: PROVISION OF DRAINAGE AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PUBLIC FACILITIES. Ensure existing and future land uses have access to drainage and storm water management systems that are environmentally sound, protect and conserve water quality, safeguard investments in existing facilities, abate flood conditions, prevent degradation of the quality of receiving waters and assist in maintaining adopted level of service standards and applicable state laws as well as administrative rules of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. OBJECTIVE 4-5.1: PLAN AND COORDINATE SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT SERVICES TO MEET EXISTING AND FUTURE SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT NEEDS, INCLUDING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENGINEERED STORMWATER MASTER PLAN. To maximize the use of existing surface water management facilities and reconcile existing problems identified in the Drainage Sub -Element Data Inventory and Analysis, the Village shall implement the adopted engineered stormwater master plan which identifies existing and projected short term (2012) and long term (2025) stormwater management needs. The master plan includes an inventory of existing natural and structural features included in the Village drainage system. In addition, the plan provides a detailed assessment of related problems and issues. The plan addresses criteria in Policy 4-5.1.1 and documents findings and recommendations associated with this criterion. Policy 4-5.1.1: Stormwater Master Plan. The Village has adopted and is implementing on a financially feasible basis, the Stormwater Master Plan and capital improvement program which includes funding recommendations for the construction of drainage improvements. Policy 4-5.1.2: Drainage Level of Service Standard. The following is the level of service standard for drainage and surface water management applicable to new development which is consistent with the data. analysis and recommendations of September 2025 P4-96 Part 4: The Appendices the Master Drainage Plan explained in Policy 4-5.1.1. The level of service standard for new development shall be the Miami -Dade County level of service standards stated below: • Water Quality Standard: Stormwater facilities shall be designed to meet the design and performance standards established in Ch. 62-25, §25.025, F.A.C., with treatment of the runoff from the first one inch of rainfall on -site to meet the water quality standards required by Ch. 62-302, §62-302.500, F.A.C. • Water Quantity Standard: Where two or more standards impact a specific development, the most restrictive standard shall apply: a. Post development runoff shall not exceed the pre -development runoff rate for a 25-year storm event, up to and including an event with a 24-hour duration. b. Treatment of the runoff from the first one inch of rainfall on -site or the first half inch of runoff whichever is greater. Options for addressing water quantity are provided in the Land Development Code. Policy 4-5.1.3: Maintenance of Drainage Level of Service Standard through Development Review and Concurrency Management. The Land Development Regulations shall include a development review process and performance standards which require that all future development include an approved system for drainage and storm water management which meets the adopted level of service standard for drainage and all applicable state and county regulations as well as Village performance criteria, including concurrency management regulations. Policy 4-5.1.5: Priority for Correcting Existing Deficiencies. In developing the annual schedule of capital improvement projects, the Village shall assign highest priority to those projects required for purposes of correcting existing deficiencies including canal bank stabilization to address continued erosion of canals under the jurisdiction of the Village. Policy 4-5.1.6: Existing Deficiencies Shall Not Be Increased by New Development. The Village shall issue no development order for new development which would not meet adopted level of service standards. The adequate facilities ordinance shall mandate that future applications for development shall include a written evaluation of the impact of the anticipated development on the levels of services for the drainage. Prior to issuing a site plan or building permit (whichever is first applicable), the Village shall render a finding that the applicant has provided written assurance that the proposed development shall meet adopted level of service criteria. The developer's application shall include written assurances that any required improvements shall be in place concurrent with the impacts of the development. September 2025 P4-97 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 4-5.1.8: Stormwater Basin Evaluation Plan. Develop a Comprehensive Stormwater Basin Evaluation that includes review of the effects of sea level rise on the existing system and develop a long-term capital improvement plan to address future infrastructure needs. Coordinate all findings with the adopted Stormwater Master Plan. Conservation Element Policy 5-1.3.1: Enforce Policies to Maintain Floodplain. The Village shall maintain the surface water management and flood damage prevention regulations. New development encroaching into the floodplain shall incorporate flood protection measures sufficient to protect against the 100-year flood. The Village's Stormwater Management and Flood Protection Ordinance shall maintain consistency with program policies of the Federal Insurance Administration. The Village shall monitor new cost-effective programs for minimizing flood damage. Such programs may include modification to construction setback requirements or other site design techniques, as well as upgraded building and construction techniques Policy 5-1.4.6: Managing and Regulating Wetlands. Wetlands should be used for purposes which are compatible with their natural values and functions and land development regulations shall be adopted to provide these areas with the maximum possible protection. The Land Development Regulations provide for wetland preservation, compensatory wetland mitigation, and dedication of conservation easements for preserving open space. Such policies shall be applied in order to protect and preserve natural resources which may in the future be threatened by development expectations. Intergovernmental Coordination Element Policy 7-1.2.1: Coordination of Development and Growth Management Issues. The Village shall pursue resolution of development and growth management issues with impacts extending beyond the Village's political jurisdiction. Issues of regional and state significance shall be coordinated with the South Florida Regional Planning Council, the South Florida Water Management District, and/or state agencies having jurisdictional authority. Issues to be pursued include but are not limited to the following: 1. Impacts of development proposed in the Comprehensive Plan of Miami -Dade County, the Cities of South Miami and Coral Gables, the Village of Palmetto Bay, the region, the state, and any governmental entity that may be created in the future. 2. Land development activities adjacent to the Village's corporate limits within Miami -Dade County or the Cities of South Miami and Coral Gables, the Village of Palmetto Bay, or any other City created in the future. 3. Research regulatory framework and implementation of affordable housing programs. September 2025 P4-98 Part 4: The Appendices 4. Village of Pinecrest land development activities adjacent to the unincorporated area of the County, or the Cities of South Miami and Coral Gables, the Village of Palmetto Bay, or any other adjacent municipality created in the future. 5. Potential annexation issues. 6. Area -wide drainage and stormwater master plan, proposed improvements and implementing programs and particularly coordination with the South Florida Water Management District regarding the Salinity Dam at Snapper Creek. Capital Improvements Inventory and Analysis Element Policy 8-1.3.2: Storm Water Utility. The Village shall continue to use its Storm Water Utility for managing and funding needed drainage improvements through the year 2030. These improvement needs shall be identified in the adopted stormwater master plan. The Village shall amend the capital improvements program to include construction of required infrastructure improvements approved by the Village Council as recommended in the Stormwater Master Plan. Climate Change Element Objective 10-1.2: MITIGATION, PROTECTION AND ADAPTATION WITHIN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. Improve the climate resiliency and energy -efficiency of new and existing buildings and public infrastructure including municipal buildings. Policy 10-1.2.1: Encourage Greener, Climate Resilient Construction. The Village of Pinecrest shall, by 2016, encourage greener, more efficient and climate resilient construction practices locally by: a) Building all new construction of village -owned facilities to published Leadership in Energy and Environmental DesignTM (LEED) standards; Florida Green Building Coalition (FGBC) green building standards, or Green Building Initiative (GBI) Green Globes rating standards; b) Requiring licensed personnel in the Building and Planning Department to maintain LEED Green Associate certification and obtain at least 8 continuing education units (CEUs) of emerging energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies by 2016; c) Re-evaluating finish floor elevation standards with respect to projected sea level rise scenarios and flooding potential following completion of a comprehensive stormwater basin master plan. d) Looking for opportunities to access reclaimed and reuse water at municipal facilities and to retrofit municipal buildings to incorporate more sustainable building solutions to improve energy efficiency. September 2025 P4-99 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 10-1.2.2: Complete a Vulnerability Assessment for the Identification of Property and Infrastructure at Risk from Sea Level Rise. The Village of Pinecrest shall complete a vulnerability assessment to further identify property, public investments and infrastructure at risk from sea level rise, storm surge, groundwater contamination and other climate change related impacts by 2016, and shall update this assessment periodically as new sea level rise projections are published. Specifically, the Village shall complete a stormwater vulnerability assessment to further analyze vulnerability to facilities and services, including but not limited to: property; buildings; water and sewer lines; stormwater systems; roads, bridges, and all transportation infrastructure; electric sub stations; and municipal offices and facilities. Objective 10-1.4: Water, Sewer and Solid Waste. Coordinate with Miami -Dade County in the improvement of the resiliency of existing water resources, and water and wastewater infrastructure to the impacts of climate variability and change in order to protect future water quality and minimize the potential for flood damage and water shortages. Objective 10-1.6: ADAPTATION ACTION STRATEGIES. Develop and implement adaptation strategies for the Village of Pinecrest to address impacts associated with coastal flooding, tidal events, storm surge, flash floods, stormwater runoff, salt- water intrusion and other impacts related to climate change or exacerbated by sea level rise with the intent to increase the Village's comprehensive adaptability and resiliency capacities. Policy 10-1.6.2: Collaborate with the South Florida Water Management District in the Review of Policies Regarding Operation of Flood Control Structures. Work in collaboration with the South Florida Water Management District to review, develop and implement strategies to address impacts of rising sea levels on the operation of the flood and salinity control structures at the S22 and S123 outfalls. Policy 10-1.6.4: Reassess the Village's Required Minimum Finished Floor Elevation. Consider increasing the minimum required base flood finished floor elevation of all new structures within designated Adaptation Action Areas by one additional foot (freeboard). Policy 10-1.6.5: Stormwater Drainage Infrastructure. Construct additional stormwater drainage infrastructure necessary to accommodate projected increases in stormwater including drainage wells, injection wells, swales, French drains, and other related structures as recommended in the Village's Stormwater Master Plan. Policy 10.1.6.6: Collaborate with Governmental Agencies in the Implementation of Mitigation Strategies. Collaborate and coordinate with September 2025 P4-100 Part 4: The Appendices appropriate local, regional, and state governmental agencies including the City of Coral Gables, Miami -Dade County, the South Florida Water Management District, and the South Florida Regional Planning Council toward the implementation of Adaptation Action Area adaptation strategies. Objective 10-1.7: ADAPTATION ACTION AREAS. The Village of Pinecrest shall continue to identify and designate Adaptation Action Areas as provided by Section 163.3164(1), Florida Statutes, and develop policies for adaptation as required for the protection of areas and facilities in the Village of Pinecrest that are vulnerable to the impacts of rising sea levels and climate change. Policy 10-1.7.2: Basis for Designation. As the basis for the designation of Adaptation Action Areas, the Village will continue to utilize the best available data and resources such as the Unified Sea level Rise Projection for Southeast Florida in order to identify the risks and vulnerabilities associated with climate change and sea level rise and opportunities to formulate timely and effective adaptation strategies. Policy 10-1.7.3: Adaptation Action Areas Identified. Those Areas as identified in Figure 11 of the data, Inventory and Analysis, Adaptation Action Areas, that are projected to be impacted by 6 or More Inches of Flooding, are hereby adopted and designated as Adaptation Action Areas. Objective 10-1.8: INTERAGENCY COORDINATION. Continue to coordinate with Governmental agencies within the South Florida region and other non- governmental entities and academic institutions in the ongoing assessment of existing and projected conditions related to our changing climate and rising sea levels, and continue to collaborate as necessary in the identification and development of effective solutions and strategies to adapt and improve resiliency. Policy 10-1.8.1: Continue Coordination with Miami -Dade County and Other Participating Counties in the Identification of Modeling Resources and in the Development of Goals, Objectives, and Policies to Address Climate Change. The Village of Pinecrest shall coordinate with Miami -Dade County and other participating counties in the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact in the identification of modeling resources and in the development of initiatives and goals to address climate change. Additional climate change related objectives and policies that support regional climate change goals shall be integrated into the Comprehensive Development Master Plan as appropriate. Policy 10-1.8.2: Continue to Coordinate with Other Governmental and Academic Entities In the Ongoing Analysis of Sea Level Rise. The Village of Pinecrest shall September 2025 P4-101 Part 4: The Appendices continue to coordinate regionally with Southeast Florida counties and municipalities, academia, and state and federal government agencies in the analysis of sea level rise, drainage, storm surge and hurricane impacts and the planning of mitigation and adaptation measures. Policy 10-1.8.3: Continue to Monitor and Coordinate with The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. The Village of Pinecrest shall continue to actively monitor the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact, and shall coordinate with neighboring municipalities to make our community more climate change resilient by sharing technical expertise, assessing regional vulnerabilities, advancing agreed upon mitigation and adaptation strategies, and developing policies and programs. Below is the section of this city's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. South Miami Below is the section of this city's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. City of South Miami Comprehensive Plan 2010 Intergovernmental Coordination Element Policy 1.3.7 The City will coordinate with the emergency management program of Miami -Dade County y notifying the County of any current or future land use policies or population changes which would affect hurricane shelters or emergency evacuation routes. Policy 1.3.11 The City will participate with Miami -Dade County in the planning and implementation of the County's Hazard Mitigation Plan, as it impacts the City of South Miami. Future Land Use Element OBJECTIVE 4.4 Preserve floodplain areas via floodplain management and limiting development within the Special Flood Hazard Area. Policy 4.4.1 in coordination with the Transit -Oriented Development District, permit more intense development only in those areas which are located outside of the Special Flood Hazard Area. Policy 4.4.2 Building density and intensity may be transferred from areas within the Special Flood Hazard Area, in order to permit development within the Transit - Oriented Development District, while reducing the permitted intensities within the Special Flood Hazard Areas. September 2025 P4-102 Part 4: The Appendices Sunny Isles Beach Below is the section of this city's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. City of Sunny Isles Beach Comprehensive Plan October 2000 Future Land Use Element Policy 3P: Applications for rezoning, zoning variances or subdivision approvals for all new development in areas subject to coastal flooding shall be reviewed for emergency evacuation, sheltering, hazard mitigation, and post -disaster recovery and redevelopment. Transportation Element Objective 3: Transportation Network Safety & Efficiency The City shall improve the safety, and efficiency of the City's roadway system through transportation system management (TSM) techniques, including: access management (Policies 3A-D), improved intersection operations (Policy 3E), traffic calming along residential streets (Policy 3F), mitigation by developers (Policy 3G), accident analysis (Policy 3H, 31), and maintaining visibility for pedestrians, vehicles, and cyclists (Policy 3J). Surfside Below is the section of this town's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. Town of Surfside Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use Element January 2010 Objective 7: Coordination of population with hurricane evacuation plans: Coordinate population densities with the applicable local or regional coastal evacuation plan [9J-5.006 (3) (b) 5] and coordinate future land uses by encouraging the elimination or reduction of land uses which are inconsistent with applicable interagency hazard mitigation report recommendations [9J-5.006 (3) (b) 6]. This objective shall be measured by implementation of its supporting policies. [9J5.006 (3) (b) 5 and 6]. Policy 7.2: The Town shall regulate all future development within its jurisdiction in accordance with the goals and objectives of the "The Local Mitigation Strategy for Miami -Dade County and its Municipalities, Departments and Private Sector Partners" (June 2008). The Town shall periodically review and revise the Future Land Use Map in light of future interagency hazard mitigation reports in order to reduce or eliminate uses which are inconsistent therewith. Policy 5.5: Consideration for the relocation, mitigation or replacement of any of the existing infrastructure in the Coastal High Hazard Area, as may be deemed appropriate by the Town, shall be coordinate with the state when state funding is anticipated to be needed for implementation of the project. al Management Element September 2025 P4-103 Part 4: The Appendices Policy 6.5: The Town shall adopt a Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan in order to prepare for, respond to, recover from and mitigate potential hazard by December 2011. Objective 11: Hazard mitigation In general, the Town shall regulate development so as to minimize and mitigate hazard resulting from hurricanes. In particular, the Town shall ensure that all construction and reconstruction complies with applicable regulations designed to minimize hurricane impact on buildings and their occupants. Policy 11.5: The Town shall continue to enforce regulations and codes which provide for hazard mitigation, including but not limited to, land use, building construction, placement of fill, flood elevation, sewer, water and power infrastructure, and stormwater facilities. These regulations shall be applied to eliminate unsafe conditions, inappropriate uses and reduce hazard potentials. Policy 11.6: The Town shall increase public awareness of hazards and their impacts by providing hazard mitigation information to the public. Information shall address evacuation, sheltering, building techniques to reduce hazards as well as other hazard mitigation issues that could help prevent loss of life and property. Policy 11.9: The Town shall, as deemed appropriate, incorporate the recommendation of the hazard mitigation annex of the local emergency management plan and shall analyze and consider the recommendations from interagency hazard mitigation reports. Policy 11.10: The Town shall include criteria in the five (5) year schedule of Capital Improvement projects to include consideration for and prioritization for projects that are hazard mitigation initiatives. Sweetwater On October 2016, the City adopted a Floodplain Management Ordinance (Ordinance 4230) to meet the requirements of the NFIP and coordination with the Florida Building Code. The model ordinance specifically repealed and replaced the City Chapter 35 named "Floodplain Management Regulations" (Ordinance 3427 September 28, 2009) to satisfy the NFIP, to coordinate with the FBC, and to meet the requirements of section 553.73 (5), F.S. This ordinance applies to all flood hazard areas within the City of Sweetwater. City of Sweetwater Code of Ordinances 2016 Sec. 35-102.3. - Basis For Establishing The Areas of Special Flood Hazard The Flood Insurance Study for Miami -Dade County, Florida and Incorporated Areas Sec. 35-102.4 Submission of additional data to establish flood hazard areas To establish flood hazard areas and base flood elevations, pursuant to Section Virginia Gardens Below is the section of this village's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami -Dade County LMS. Village of Virginia Gardens Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction Code of Ordinances August 2013 Article X. Floodplain Management September 2025 P4-104 Part 4: The Appendices 10.1 Administration: Duties of the Administrator shall include, but are not be limited to: Verify and record the actual elevation (in relation to mean sea level) of the lowest floor (A -Zones) or bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member of the lowest floor (V- Zones) of all new and substantially improved buildings, in accordance with Article 5, Section B (1) and (2) and Section E (2), respectively; Verify and record the actual elevation (in relation to mean sea level) to which the new and substantially improved buildings have been flood -proofed, in accordance with Article 5, Section B (2); 6.11 Stormwater Management Code of Ordinances 6.11.3 Design Standards To comply with the foregoing performance standards, the proposed storm water management system shall conform to the following standards: A. To the maximum extent practicable, natural systems shall be used to accommodate stormwater. B. The proposed stormwater management system shall be designed to accommodate the stormwater that originates within the development and stormwater that flows onto or across the development from adjacent lands. The proposed stormwater management system shall be designed to function properly for a minimum twenty (20) year life. C. The design and construction of the proposed stormwater management system shall be certified as meeting the requirements of this Code by a professional engineer registered, in the State of Florida. D. No surface water may be channeled or directed into a sanitary sewer. West Miami Below is the section of this city's comprehensive plan that integrates with the Miami - Dade County LMS. City of West Miami Flood Damage Prevention 2024 Ordinance Ch. 17, Article III -Flood Damage Prevention Sec. 17-43 (d)— Duties and powers of the Floodplain Administrator Substantial improvement and substantial damage determinations. For applications for building permits to improve buildings and structures, including alternations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change or occupancy, additions, rehabilitations, renovations substantial improvements, repairs of substantial damage, and any other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the Floodplain Administrator, in coordination with the Building Official, shall: (1) Estimate the market value, or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value prepared by a qualified independent appraiser, of the building or structure before the start of construction of the proposed work; in the case of repair, the market value of the building or structure shall be the market value before the damage occurred and before an repairs are made; September 2025 P4-105 Part 4: The Appendices (2) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -damaged condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if applicable, to the market value of the building or structure; (3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of substantial damage; and (4) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of substantial damage and that compliance with the flood resistant construction requirements of the Florida Building Code and this ordinance is required. Sec. 17-43 (e)— Duties and powers of the Floodplain Administrator (e) Modifications of the strict application of the requirements of the Florida Building Code. The Floodplain Administrator shall review requests submitted to the Building Official that seek approval to modify the strict application of the flood load and flood resistant construction requirements of the Florida Building Code to determine whether such requests require the granting of a variance pursuant to section 17- 47 of this article. City of West Miami Stormwater Masterplan 2025 The City of West Miami is preparing to submit an application to the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM)'s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Watershed Planning Program. The City has completed a lot of work on our pipes to help increase capacity and remove aged pipes which was guided by a stormwater plan from 1999-2000. This document is now aged out and an updated document is needed to ensure we are keeping up with our mitigation opportunities. September 2025 P4-106 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix J: Community Profile The Community Profile is the first component of the THIRA and provides valuable intelligence and situational awareness. In many jurisdictions, a detailed and in-depth community profile is developed as a key element of a Hazard Mitigation Plan; however, its utility goes far beyond that plan alone. The Community Profile is an overview of the political governance, economy, geography, climate, population, community assets, future development and trends, and commercial and industrial make-up of Miami -Dade County. The Community Profile provides Miami -Dade County with a solid foundation for developing a common operational picture for the THIRA, and can also be referenced for other activities, such as emergency training, exercises and actual incidents. A. Climate The climate of a region is determined by the monthly or longer weather pattern conditions that exist within a specified area. Miami -Dade County, in Southern Florida, has a tropical climate with high humidity and precipitation. The seasons are determined by the amount of and changes in precipitation. The rainy season usually begins in late May and ends in mid -October, subjecting Miami -Dade County to thunderstorms, tropical storms, and hurricanes. The average annual precipitation in the county is 60.5 inches compared to Florida's annual average of 54.57 inches. The average temperature during the rainy season is 83°F in Miami -Dade County. Total precipitation in Miami -Dade County varies greatly between the rainy and dry seasons, peaking at 10 inches in June and dipping to less than 2.5 inches in December, January, and February. The dry season lasts from mid -October to mid - May, and has an average temperature of 73 °F in Miami -Dade County. The Gulf Stream regulates the climate variants throughout the state with rare extremes of over 100 °F or below 32 °F. The average annual temperature of Miami -Dade County is 77.2 °F. B. Geology, Hydrology, and Ecology Geology Miami -Dade County is located in the southern portion of Florida, whose geological conditions are considered young and formed around 120,000 years ago during the Pleistocene Period. Just below the ground surface there is Miami Limestone, the Fort Thompson Formations, and Anastasia Formations. Miami Limestone consists of oolitic and bryozoans facies. The oolitic facies are a combination of oolitic, small round grains, limestone and fossils. The bryozoans facies are a sandy fossil limestone. The fossils found include mollusks, bryozoanz, and corals. In some regions, the Miami Limestone reaches a thickness of 40 feet. Fort Thompson Formations underlies the Miami Limestone and consists of sandy soils, marine beds, and brackish and freshwater limestones. The Fort Thompson Formations can reach September 2025 P4-107 Part 4: The Appendices thicknesses up to 150 feet. The Anastasia Formations also underlies the Miami Limestone and consists of shelly limestone and coquina limestone. The Miami Limestone is highly porous and permeable and forms much of the Biscayne Aquifer system. The natural marl soils found above the Miami Limestone have been affected by drainage and erosion due to development and agriculture. The Biscayne Aquifer lies just below the surface, and due to the permeability of the soil, makes the aquifer vulnerable to contamination. Hydrology The hydrology of Florida is system of low -gradient drainage, high ground water table, and an extensive drainage canal network. There are two major aquifers in Florida that comprise the water table. Aquifers are areas of rock below the ground surface that can produce sufficient amounts of water to efficiently supply the communities within the region. There are three different types of aquifers: unconfined, where the water table is able to move freely without interference due to the lack of aquitard (a non -permeable formation); semi -confined, where the water table is partially confined due to semi -permeable formations; and confined, where the water table is completely confined by non -permeable formations above and below the body of water. The aquifers found within Florida are varying degrees of combinations of all three types. The Floridan Aquifer encompasses the entire state while the Biscayne Aquifer only supports the southern portion of the state. The Floridan Aquifer produces much of northern and central Florida's water supply, however the southern region of the Aquifer has been polluted by brackish water from deep wells. The Biscayne Aquifer supplies the southern region of the state; mainly Miami -Dade, Broward, and Monroe counties. This aquifer is one of the most productive aquifers in the world, but it is very susceptible to pollution from agricultural and industrial practices because of the permeability of the soil and rock formations. The extensive system of levees and canals in Miami -Dade County and South Florida, managed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), transports surface and ground water and protects against flooding and salt water intrusion. Precipitation during the rainy season is the main source of surface water, which travels from the northern and central regions of Florida to the southern region, flowing from Lake Okeechobee. The levees direct and store surface water to prevent flooding and to maintain reserves for use during the dry season. Ground water also flows from the northern regions to the coast and is drawn from field wells from the Biscayne Aquifer. Ecology The ecology of Florida is a relationship between organisms and their environments. Due to the unique combinations of Florida's geology, hydrology, and climate, over 20 different ecosystems have been identified by scientists. The various classifications differ depending on the organization and scale of the system being evaluated, but the basic ecosystems include the following: September 2025 P4-108 Part 4: The Appendices • Coral Reefs: Physical structures built over many decades from layers of calcium carbonate produced by individual coral polyps as they make their skeleton. The coral polyps form colonies and serve as a foundation of the coral reef ecosystem which also includes other associated reef organisms like fish, sponges, and crustaceans. The local coral reef runs parallel to the entire coast of Miami -Dade County. • Dunes: Mounds of sand that are created by coastal winds and are held together by grass vegetation. Over 60% of Florida's coast is comprised of sand and the dunes serve as a protective barrier for inland areas from coastal winds and waves. • Freshwater Marshes: An inland standing body of water, generally year round, with little to no tree or scrub life. Grasses, sedges, and rushes act as a filter to remove particles and pollutants from the waters that flow through. There are four different types of freshwater marshes in Florida: wet prairies, sawgrass marshes, ponds, and aquatic sloughs. • Saltmarshes: Also known as tidal saltmarshes, are coastal wetlands that thrive in the intertidal zone, where land meets open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. Saltmarshes are dominated by salt - tolerant herbaceous plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs. Saltmarshes are especially common in coastal and estuarine habitats worldwide, particularly in middle to high latitudes. • Freshwater Swamps: Areas inland where there is considerable standing water during the rainy season and the soils typically dry out during the dry season. There is a variety of vegetation that inhabits the swamps including softwood trees, hardwood trees, vines, and ferns. • Upland Hardwoods: Areas of forest with nutrient clay soil that are typically bordered by sand hills and flatwoods in northern and central regions of the state. There is a vast variety of tree and plant life with no dominating species within the forests. Most of Florida's state parks consist of upland hardwood ecosystem. • Bottom Hardwoods: Areas of forest with wet nutrient soil that typically border lakes, rivers, and sinkholes found throughout Florida. Bottom hardwood forest provides a transition area between the upland hardwoods, swamps, marches, and other wetlands and is dominated by Live Oaks, Red Maples, and Water Oaks. This region typically floods and is constantly changing because of the different climates and regions in which the forest is found. • Sand hills: Areas of forest with permeable, dry, sandy soils that typically do not flood. The forest is dominated by Longleaf Pine and Turkey Oak trees with different grass species blanketing the forest floor. The forest is vulnerable to fire due to the dry, sandy conditions. • Scrubs: Areas with permeable, nutrient poor, sandy soils found on higher elevations where the water table is low. Scrubs are communities of pinelands with an undergrowth of oaks, shrubs, and palmettos, and are fire dependent to regenerate because of the soil conditions and lack of water supply. September 2025 P4-109 Part 4: The Appendices • Flatwoods: Areas of forest of semi -permeable soil and limestone of level land that makes up 50% of the covered land mass of the state. The forest is dominated by Longleaf Pines and Slash Pines with undergrowth of palmetto, wildflowers, and ferns. Flatwood forests are fire dependent to regenerate not only due to the soil conditions but the competition between the hardwood forest for space and sunlight. • Tropical Hammocks: Areas of hardwood forest with thick mounds of permeable soil and peat bordered by marshes, mangrove swamps, and flatwoods, but typically does not flood due to soil elevation. Hammock forests are dominated by Gumbo -Limbo and Pigeon Plum trees that are only found in southern Florida and contain plant and animal life found nowhere else in the United States. • Mangroves: Mangroves are woody wetland trees and shrubs that flourish above mean sea -level in the intertidal zone of marine coastal environments and estuarine habitats across tropical, subtropical, and, to a lesser degree, temperate regions around the world. Mangroves are salt -tolerant (halophytic) species that are adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions. When referring to the habitat, the term "mangroves" often refers to mangrove forests or mangrove wetlands. In Florida, mangrove forests are comprised of three native species: Red, Black, and White mangroves All three mangrove species have distinct morphological and physiological adaptations that allow them to thrive in saline and flooded environments. C. Environment Florida is a peninsula surrounded by two main bodies of water, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in an environment mostly composed of marshes, swamps, lakes, rivers, and springs. There are 1,711 rivers, streams, and creeks in the state, with notable rivers including St. John's River, St. Mary's River, and Suwannee River. There are 111 lakes in the state; Central Florida has the highest concentration of lakes, including Lake Okeechobee, the largest freshwater lake in Florida. The Miami Canal connects Lake Okeechobee to Biscayne Bay, crossing through Miami -Dade County. Miami -Dade County is the third largest county in the state, with an area of 2,431 square miles; 1,946 square miles of land and 485 square miles of water. The Everglades National Park encompasses one-third of the entire county. Most of the land is close to sea level with an average elevation of 6 feet above sea level. The eastern side of Miami -Dade County is composed mainly of Oolite Limestone while the western side is composed mainly of Bryozoa. Most of the county's water mass is located in the Biscayne Bay area and the Atlantic Ocean. Biscayne Bay extends the length of the County, approximately 40 miles long and ranges from 2-10 miles wide. Biscayne Bay is located within Biscayne National Park or the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve. The coastal waters of the county in the September 2025 P4-110 Part 4: The Appendices Atlantic Ocean are part of the Kristen Jacobs Coral Aquatic Preserve to the north and Biscayne National Park and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary to the south. Global stressors, significant population growth, and development in Southeast Florida contribute to impacts on natural resources. Efforts are in place to preserve aquatic life, restore reefs, remove air and water pollutants, protect endangered lands, initiate restoration projects, and ultimately reduce the human impact on the environment. The County protects the environment through a number of ordinances, including Chapter 24, the Miami -Dade County Environmental Protection Ordinance, through which "the Board [found] and [determined] that the reasonable control and regulation of activities which are causing or may cause pollution or contamination of air, water, soil and property is required for the protection and preservation of the public health, safety and welfare" (Part 3, Chapter 24, Article I, Division 1, Section 24-2 of County Code of Ordinances). Other notable chapters that concern environmental stewardship include: • Chapter 7: Boats, Docks, and Waterways • Chapter 11 B: Dumps and Landfill Sites • Chapter 11 C: Development within Flood Hazard Districts • Chapter 15: Solid Waste Management • Chapter 24: Environmental Protection • Chapter 24A: Environmentally Endangered Lands Program • Chapter 32: Water and Sewer Regulations • Chapter 33: Zoning • Chapter 33B: Areas of Critical Environmental Concern • Chapter 33D: Biscayne Bay Management • Chapter 33F: Key Biscayne Beach Preservation D. Population & Demographics Miami -Dade County has experienced steady and rapid population growth, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. Population doubled between 1960 and 1990. Projected growth through 2025 is expected to follow a similar trend, albeit at a somewhat slower rate. The principal driver of population growth has been and will continue to be immigration. Net immigration is projected to reach over 240,000 persons between 2020 and 2025. Clearly the effects of immigration over the past half century have dramatically shaped the ethnic composition of Miami -Dade County. It is expected that there will be a more moderate augmentation of Hispanics as the dominant ethnic group. The most current estimated countywide population of Miami -Dade County is 2,761,581 people (2018 Population Estimates). The most populated city in Miami - Dade County is Miami, with an estimated 417,650 residents (2013 Population Estimates). An estimated 43.76% of the countywide population lives in the unincorporated portion of the County. Between 2010 and 2018, Miami -Dade County September 2025 P4-111 Part 4: The Appendices as a whole had a growth rate of 10.5%. Based on the 2018 Population Estimates, the most rapidly growing municipality in Miami -Dade County by average annual change is the City of Sweetwater, which has increased its population by an average of 7.4% each year between 2010 and 2018. The largest growth by sheer numbers was the City of Miami, increasing by 71,457 between 2010 and 2018. Additional information about Miami -Dade County's population and demographics is available in the Social Vulnerabilities section of the THIRA. E. Culture Florida has a rich cultural history dating back 10,000 years through archeological discoveries of Native American nomads that lived off the land and local game. The Tequesta people inhabited the region unaffected by outside influence until the arrival of Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513. After the first attempt to build a mission in 1567, the Spanish eventually gained and continued to control Florida for 250 years. The United States purchased Florida for 5 million dollars in 1821. At the time of purchase, the main industry was "wrecking," and residents survived by retrieving goods from ships that crashed on the nearby coral reefs. Florida's population and industry began to boom with the arrival of the railroad in 1896 by Henry Flagler and again with the development of subdivisions and tourist resorts in the 1920s. During World War II, nearly half a million men (one-fourth of all Army Air Force officers and one -fifth of the military's enlisted) were trained at Miami Beach by the Army Air Forces Technical Training Command. After the war, many troops returned with their families to take-up a permanent residence, resulting in another population boom. Furthermore, Florida has become home to thousands of refugees with a significant influx following the Cuban Revolution during the 1960s and from Haiti in the 1990s. Since the first Spanish inhabitants, Miami -Dade County has developed into a multi- cultural destination. About 1,471,922 of Miami -Dade County's residents were born outside of the United States, accounting for 53.3% of the population. Miami -Dade County has nearly tripled the state average and just shy of four times the national average of Hispanic residents with 69.1 % of the population identifying as Hispanic (of any race). F. Political Governance Miami -Dade County was named after a soldier, Major Francis Dade, killed in the Second Seminole War. The county was formally created in 1836 under the Territorial Act as Dade County. In 1956, a constitutional amendment was approved by the people of Florida to enact a home rule charter. Up until then the county was governed and ruled by the state. Since 1957 the county has operated under a two-tier federation metropolitan system, which separates the local and county government. The local governments may be responsible for zoning and code enforcement, police and fire protection, and other city services required within each jurisdiction. The September 2025 P4-112 Part 4: The Appendices Unincorporated Municipal Services Area (UMSA) covers the residents of all the unincorporated areas within the County. The structure of the county government has an elected official, Executive Mayor, and the Board of County Commissioners with 13 elected members, each serving a four- year term. The Mayor is not a part of the Board of County Commissioners but has the veto power over the board. The Mayor directly oversees the majority of the operations of the County. The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative branch that oversees the legislation, creates departments, and business operations. Miami -Dade County is the only county in Florida where the Sheriff is appointed by the Mayor and is not elected by the residents. Miami -Dade County Departments: • Animal Services • Audit and Management Services • Aviation (Miami International Airport) • Communications and Customer Experience • Community Action and Human Services • Corrections and Rehabilitation • Cultural Affairs • Elections • Finance • Fire Rescue • Human Resources • Information Technology • Internal Services • Juvenile Services • Libraries • Management and Budget • Medical Examiner • Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces • Police • Public Housing and Community Development • Regulatory and Economic Resources • Seaport (Port of Miami) • Solid Waste Management • Transportation & Public Works • Water and Sewer G. Built Environment The term built environment refers to the human -made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter and buildings to neighborhoods and cities that can often include their supporting critical infrastructure September 2025 P4-113 Part 4: The Appendices (bridges, water treatment, highways, etc.) and key resource (schools, museums, etc.) assets. The built environment is a material, spatial and cultural product of human labor that combines physical elements and energy in forms necessary for living, working and playing. In urban planning, the phrase connotes the idea that a large percentage of the human environment is man-made, and these artificial surroundings are so extensive and cohesive that they function as organisms in the consumption of resources, disposal of wastes, and facilitation of productive enterprise within its bounds. The built environment can be organized into three broad categories (critical infrastructure, key resources, and housing stock), which are detailed more thoroughly in the Vulnerability Assessment. Critical Infrastructure • Airport • Chemical Sector • Communications • Energy Sector • Freight • Information Technology • Monuments and Icons • Pipelines • Solid Waste Facilities • Transit • Transportation • Water Control Structures • Water/Wastewater Treatment • Waterways & Ports Key Resources • Banking & Finance • Commercial Sector • Critical Manufacturing Sector • Defense Industrial Base • Emergency Services • Food and Agriculture Sector • Healthcare • Schools • Universities • Other Key Resources Building Stock September 2025 P4-114 Part 4: The Appendices 1. Commercial & Industrial 2. Governmental 3. Housing Stock H. Economy According to the Miami -Dade Beacon Council, employment in target industries continue to trend up. Between 2012 and 2017 the aviation industry In Miami -Dade County added 4,034 jobs, for an increase of 19%. For the same period, the banking & finance industry saw an increase of 3,323 jobs (9%), for hospitality & tourism an increase of 26,209 jobs (21%), for life sciences & healthcare, an increase of 13,403 jobs (11 %), for the technology industry, an increase of 2,642 jobs (32%), and for trade & logistics, an increase of 7,376 jobs (22%). Considering the current job growth trends in Miami -Dade County, the total number of payroll jobs is projected to increase from 1,151,314 jobs in 2017 to 1,205,646 in 2022, a 5% overall increase for this period.5 The two significant external generators of economic activity in Miami -Dade County are international trade and tourism. While there is no rigorous way to determine the weight of international trade and tourism in Miami -Dade County's economy, without doubt, both of these external sectors are vital components for a healthy and growing local economy. Tourism in the Greater Miami area continues to be an important component of the overall Miami -Dade County economy. Since 2011, overnight visitors to Miami -Dade have increased by 20%, and hotel room nights sold have gone up 22%. In 2019, Greater Miami welcomed 24.3 million visitors, for an increase of almost 5% over 2018, additionally, a record of 15.9 million hotel room nights was set. Travel and tourism fueled a record breaking 146,700 in 2019. Miami -Dade County graciously hosted their eleventh Super Bowl on February 2, 2020, bringing in 30,000 additional tourist per day during Super Bowl Weekend.6 In 2019, Greater Miami welcomed 24.3 million visitors, for an increase of 4.6 percent over 2018. The total economic impact from these visitors in 2019 was over $17.9 billion with the vast majority, $16.3 billion, coming from overnight guests. Greater Miami overnight visitors were up +2.1%, or 340,000 higher from the previous year. In addition, leisure and hospitality employment in Greater Miami rose to 146,800 jobs, a 2.3% increase from the previous year.' I. Future Development & Commercial Trends Miami -Dade County faces many of the same growth issues that challenge communities around the country. With highly urbanized areas, suburban strip 5 https://www.beaconcouncil.com/data/economic-overview/business-growth/#rankings 6 State of the County 2020 Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau, 2019 Visitor Industry Overview September 2025 P4-115 Part 4: The Appendices development, and farmland, the county contains many resources and assets, but must also deal with a variety of development issues and pressures as it balances continued growth with utilizing and maintaining existing infrastructure and investments. According to a recent Urban Development report for the county, Miami - Dade County wants to keep its agricultural identity, protect its unique natural environment, and encourage development to locate in areas with existing infrastructure, transit and other amenities. For example, one goal is to keep development from spilling toward highly sensitive lands, including the Everglades National Park. According to a 2020 Demographic Overview & Population Trends report issued by the Florida Legislature's Office of Economic and Demographic research, by 2030 all of Florida's population growth will be from net migration, boosting Miami -Dade County's population to an estimated 3.2 million people. Where these people will live is a critical consideration that drives decisions about growth management, provision of affordable housing, and transportation investments. Furthermore, these decisions will have a profound impact on how the County works to address issues related to disaster management and mitigation. Notable projects include the following: Transit Development Projects: The seven major goals of Miami -Dade County's Transit Development Plan MDT10Ahead are to improve convenience, reliability and customer service of transit services; improve operational safety and security; improve coordination and outreach; enhance the integration of transit services to support the economy and preserve the environment management/operation; maximize use of all funding sources; maximize and expand transit services; and, meet all requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In October of 2019, County Commissioners approved $76 million for construction of a rail station and park -and -ride lot on the Northeast Corridor in a public -private partnership with Virgin Trains U.S.A., which will link commuters traveling between Aventura and Downtown Miami. Virgin Trains U.S.A. will also add a stop at Port of Miami. Current plans are underway for a Tri-Rail Station in Midtown as well. The Golden Glades Multimodel Transportation Facility (GGMTF) project is located in northern Miami -Dade County on two FDOT-owned Park -and -Ride lots adjacent to the cities of Miami Gardens, North Miami Beach, North Miami and the Golden Glades Community. The GGMTF, a design -build project, will consolidate the existing bus transit services at the two Golden Glades Park -and -Ride lots into a single facility adjacent to the Tri-Rail Station. This project will transform the park -and -ride into a state-of-the-art transit terminal with a multi -bay bus facility upgraded walkways, platforms, bicycle/pedestrian amenities as well as other improvements related to transit operations, including internal roads, drainage, lighting systems, fencing, wayfinding, and traffic control signage. The GGMTF will feature a multi -story parking September 2025 P4-116 Part 4: The Appendices garage, kiss -and -ride, and plenty of surface parking lots for all types of motorists, including scooters and motorcycles. Other amenities will include bicycle parking and lockers. The complex will also feature a transit hub, future governmental use development building, a break lounge for bus drivers, and future governmental use intercity bus terminal. Construction began in August 2018 and is anticipated to end in 2021.8 Source: Florida Department of Transportation Miami -Dade County's Department of Transportation and Public Works will continue to enhance existing security equipment with the addition of 4K technology to the Metrorail and Metromover CCTV systems. The second phase of the CCTV project is slated to be completed by July 2021. Metromover will also have a new fire detection and reporting system installed in all Metromover stations and at the Stephen P. Clark Metromover Control Center. Water and Sewer Department Capital Improvement Program: As the largest water and sewer utility in the southeastern United States, the Miami - Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD) serves nearly 2.3 million residents and thousands of visitors. To continue to fulfill the department's vision of continuous delivery of high quality drinking water and wastewater services in compliance with all regulatory requirements, WASD has developed a Multi -Year Capital Improvement Program (CIP). During the next two decades, WASD will embark on a multi -billion dollar CIP to enhance and upgrade the water and sewer infrastructure utilizing state- of-the-art technology. This program will provide necessary upgrades to thousands of 8 Miami -Dade Transit Development Plan, 2020 Annual Progress Report September 2025 P4-117 Part 4: The Appendices miles of pipes, pump stations and water and wastewater treatment plants that provide high quality drinking water and wastewater services.9 Department of Transportation 1-95 Construction A project to enhance three major corridors, 1-395, SR 836, 1-95 is a partnership between the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) and the Miami -Dade Expressway Authority (MDX). This project focuses on reconstructing 1-395, which will include the bridge over Biscayne Boulevard, and will increase capacity on SR 836, 1-95, and 1-395. Construction was originally expected to be completed in the fall of 2024. 1 o 9 Miami -Dade Water and Sewer Department, https://www.miamidade.gov/global/water/capital- improvement-program.page 10 Florida Department of Transportation, http://www.fdotmiamidade.com/projects September 2025 P4-118 Part 4: The Appendices Appendix K: Economic Summary This summary provides an overview of the County's unemployment, employment, and wages earned. Unemployment Rates As of October 2024 the unemployment rate in the United States was 3.9%.11 The unemployment rate in Miami -Dade County is below the national average and in October 2024 it was 2.2%. The unemployment rate increased since October 2023 when the rate was 1.7%. Average Weekly Wages In the first quarter of 2024 the average weekly wage for employees in Miami -Dade County was $1,601. This was slightly higher than the other large Southeast counties. The average weekly wage for Broward County is $1,441 and Palm Beach County is $1,558.12 The Miami -Dade County median household income in 2019-2023 was $68,694 and 14.5% of the population lived in poverty.13 Economic Sectors There are eight sectors of the economy in Miami -Dade County that employs more than 100,000 people in October of 2024. The sector that employs the greatest number of people was trade, transportation and utilities sector that employs 662,000 employees. The second largest sectors are the professional and business services that employs 524,700 people and the education and health services that employs 469,000 people. The third largest employers are the leisure and hospitality sector which employs 341,900 people and the government sector who employs 326,100 people. The other major employment sectors is the construction sector (166,600 people), financial services (216,400 people) and other services (121,400 people).14 Largest Employers The top employers in Miami -Dade County are a combination of the private and the public sector. The top private sector employer is the University of Miami which employs 22,566 employees.15 The other top private sector employers are: • Publix Supermarkets with 14,146 employees • American Airlines with 11,297 employees • Amazon with 7,383 employees 11 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Miami Economy Summary 12 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Miami Economy Summary 13 U.S. Census Bureau 14 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Miami Economy Summary 15 Florida Commerce website: https://floridajobs.org/wser-home/employer-database September 2025 P4-119 Part 4: The Appendices The top public -sector employer in the county is Miami -Dade County Public Schools which employees 35,497 employees.16 The other top employees include: • Miami -Dade County government employs 29,495 employees • The Jackson Health System employs 14,249 employees • Florida International University employs 6,597 employees • The Federal government employs tens of thousands in the area but a breakdown by county was not readily available 16 Florida Commerce website: https://floridajobs.org/wser-home/employer-database September 2025 P4-120 Part 4: The Appendices Figure 1: Commercial and Industrial Facilities by Municipality COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL JURISDICTION Count BLDG VALUE Count BLDG VALUE AVENTURA 999 $774,780,273 34 $240,403,044 BAL HARBOUR 42 $7,626,571 2 $1,086,300 BAY HARBOR ISLANDS 141 $23,945,875 5 $33,612,179 BISCAYNE PARK 7 $1,618,985 CORAL GABLES 1,949 $1,621,258,336 261 $844,062,274 CUTLER BAY 1,869 $186,447,795 121 $175,502,961 DORAL 8,167 $1,688,609,117 73 $571,746,177 EL PORTAL 12 $5,571,909 3 $6,927,989 FLORIDA CITY 1,334 $162,311,132 135 $49,103,131 GOLDEN BEACH 1 $87,749 HIALEAH 7,281 $1,089,459,679 549 $927,020,889 HIALEAH GARDENS 464 $93,067,256 35 $220,350,313 HOMESTEAD 5,943 $511,236,003 287 $382,288,324 INDIAN CREEK VILLAGE 2 $588,360 KEY BISCAYNE 158 $39,115,237 25 $48,585,472 MEDLEY 620 $65,318,767 13 $15,107,363 MIAMI 9,330 $7,590,413,857 1,854 $3,775,835,294 MIAMI BEACH 2,375 $2,557,259,180 236 $1,050,667,690 MIAMI GARDENS 3,769 $799,252,840 305 $444,909,737 MIAMI LAKES 2,228 $474,297,309 41 $149,626,941 MIAMI SHORES 105 $51,739,852 82 $124,907,074 MIAMI SPRINGS 175 $195,295,887 74 $83,283,149 NORTH BAY VILLAGE 59 $8,529,813 8 $3,295,376 NORTH MIAMI 1,063 $443,002,733 260 $291,717,360 NORTH MIAMI BEACH 563 $310,726,734 111 $111,655,900 OPA-LOCKA 829 $118,921,568 131 $48,165,670 PALMETTO BAY 427 $245,002,214 112 $125,868,112 PINECREST 256 $106,129,769 51 $85,294,980 SOUTH MIAMI 664 $276,456,933 87 $129,211,107 SUNNY ISLES BEACH 378 $106,582,010 23 $49,151,540 SURFSIDE 58 $51,685,711 8 $21,704,682 SWEETWATER 912 $371,421,579 18 $40,494,405 UNINCORPORATED MIAMI-DADE 49,929 $5,803,280,222 3467 $5,563,741,53 VIRGINIA GARDENS 24 $37,152,593 9 $5,152,922 WEST MIAMI 94 $31,810,210 15 $12,048,327 Totals 102,217 $25,847,708,964 8,445 $15,634,823,308 September 2025 P4-121 Part 4: The Appendices Figure 2: Residential and Other Structures by Municipality RESIDENTIAL OTHER JURISDICTION COUNT BLDG VALUE Count BLDG VALUE AVENTURA 23,825 $628,092,606 BAL HARBOUR 3,784 $286,889,274 BAY HARBOR ISLANDS 2,754 $266,511,248 BISCAYNE PARK 1,200 $216,895,493 CORAL GABLES 18,183 $7,308,409,123 1 $967,701 CUTLER BAY 13,261 $2,800,795,174 DORAL 17,914 $4,689,770,732 EL PORTAL 860 $150,256,371 FLORIDA CITY 2,464 $513,473,413 12 $15,347,172 GOLDEN BEACH 395 $584,871,556 HIALEAH 57,112 $7,643,015,238 8 $4,733,064 HIALEAH GARDENS 5,815 $630,642,441 1 $661,474 HOMESTEAD 15,902 $2,784,379,144 7 $23,965,572 INDIAN CREEK VILLAGE 55 $189,724,537 KEY BISCAYNE 7,105 $1,209,622,150 MEDLEY 111 $11,131,114 2 $848,587 MIAMI 134,503 $6,245,740,558 46 $351,926,418 MIAMI BEACH 52,885 $6,245,740,558 4 $7,280,931 MIAMI GARDENS 29,748 $5,427,351,803 7 $11,220,045 MIAMI LAKES 7,865 $2,668,682,568 MIAMI SHORES 3,956 $930,929,605 MIAMI SPRINGS 4,605 $744,155,860 NORTH BAY VILLAGE 3,564 $215,615,489 NORTH MIAMI 15,794 $2,708,456,492 6 $14,997,446 NORTH MIAMI BEACH 13,957 $1,849,399,337 OPA-LOCKA 3,233 $605,121,166 48 $99,865,645 PALMETTO BAY 8,159 $2,889,283,319 PINECREST 6,571 $3,928,890,722 SOUTH MIAMI 4,012 $1,153,233,731 SUNNY ISLES BEACH 19,188 $550,316,520 SURFSIDE 3,250 $297,990,370 SWEETWATER 3,456 $690,350,989 14 $153,829,310 UNINCORPORATED MIAMI- DADE 326,783 $62,185,082,442 339 $386,124,476 VIRGINIA GARDENS 689 $108,251,579 WEST MIAMI 1,709 $611,676,906 Totals 814,667 $142,495,612,798 September 2025 P4-122 Mlami.pade County This page left intentionally blank. Part 4: The Appendices September 2025 P4-123 Miami -Dade County 2025 PART 5: FLOODING NFIP & CRS MIAMI-DADE DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 1 Miami -Dale Ceunlp Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS INTRODUCTION 2 SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE DETERMINATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY 4 COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM 7 SCOPE 9 PLANNING PROCESS 9 ASSESSING THE HAZARD - FLOODING 10 FLOODING BACKGROUND AND HISTORY IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY 11 2024 RAINY SEASON 15 SIGNIFICANT FLOOD EVENTS 16 FLOOD IMPACTS 24 FLOOD REGULATIONS IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY 25 STORM SURGE 40 CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISE 52 REPETITIVE LOSSES 55 FLOOD THREAT RECOGNITION SYSTEM 60 DETERMINATION OF A SIGNIFICANT RAIN EVENT 62 MIAMI-DADE COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN 63 CDMP ELEMENTS 63 CRITICAL FACILITIES PLANNING 64 FLOOD PUBLIC INFORMATION ACTIVITIES 65 FEMA FLOOD ZONES 65 PROPERTY SALE DISCLOSURE 65 COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS 66 MIAMI-DADE COUNTY HURRICANE WEBPAGE 66 KNOW YOUR ZONE 66 STORM READY COMMUNITY 66 #HURRICANESTRONG 67 WEATHER -READY NATION AMBASSADOR 67 READY MDC APP 68 MIAMI-DADE ALERTS 68 SOCIAL MEDIA 68 EMERGENCY WARNING DISSEMINATION 72 FLOOD RESPONSE OPERATIONS 74 COMMUNITY INFORMATION AND REPORTING 75 HAZARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT 75 Damage Assessment Software 75 SPECIAL NEEDS EVACUATION ASSISTANCE 76 APPENDICES 79 APPENDIX A: Do You KNOW YOUR FLOOD ZONE? BROCHURE 80 APPENDIX B: 2024 HURRICANE READINESS GUIDE 81 APPENDIX C: NEWS RELEASE SAMPLES 84 APPENDIX D: EMERGENCY AND EVACUATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM 88 APPENDIX E: RESIDENTIAL HEALTH CARE FACILITY (RHCF) REQUIREMENTS 89 APPENDIX F: ACRONYMS 90 APPENDIX G: FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS 91 September 2025 P5-1 INTRODUCTION The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was created to reduce the impact of flooding on public and private structures by: • Providing affordable insurance to property owners, renters and businesses • Encouraging communities to adopt and enforce floodplain management regulations Table 1 shows the status of Miami -Dade County communities participating in NFIP as of January 21, 2025, per the FEMA Community Status Book Report. The current effective Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) for all communities in the County are dated September 11, 2009. Table 1. Status of Miami -Dade County Communities Participating in NFIP1 Jurisdiction Initial FIRM Identified Entry Date Additional Comments Aventura 9/30/1972 10/22/1997 Adopted the Miami -Dade County (CID 120635) FIRM dated 3/2/1994 Panels 82 and 84. Bal Harbour 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Bay Harbor Islands 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Biscayne Park 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Coral Gables 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Cutler Bay 3/2/1994 8/31/2006 Doral 9/30/1972 5/12/2004 Use Miami -Dade County (CID 120635) Panels 75,160 and 170. El Portal 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Florida City 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Golden Beach 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Hialeah 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Hialeah Gardens 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Homestead 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Indian Creek Village 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Key Biscayne 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Medley 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 City of Miami 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Miami Beach 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Miami Gardens 9/30/1972 6/21/2004 Use Miami -Dade County (CID 120635) FIRM panels 80, 82, 83 & 90. Miami Lakes 3/2/1994 7/17/2003 Use Miami -Dade County (CID 120635) FIRM panels 75, 80 & 90. Miami Shores 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Miami Springs 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 North Bay Village 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 North Miami 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 North Miami Beach 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 1 FEMA Community Status Book Report (January 2025): https://www.fema.gov/cis/FL.pdf September 2025 P5-2 Jurisdiction Initial FIRM Identified Entry Date Additional Comments Opa-Locka 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Palmetto Bay 3/2/1994 2/2/2005 Pinecrest 9/30/1972 10/13/1998 Adopted Miami Dade County (CID 120635) FIRM panels 260, 276 and 278. The initial FIRM date is 10/29/1972 for floodplain management purposes. South Miami 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Sunny Isles Beach 3/02/1994 9/10/2003 Use Miami Dade County (CID 120635) FIRM panels 82 & 84. The initial FIRM date is 10/29/1972 for floodplain management purposes. Surfside 9/29/1972 9/29/1972 Sweetwater 7/17/1995 9/29/1972 Virginia Gardens 7/17/1995 9/29/1972 West Miami 7/17/1995 9/29/1972 Unincorporated 9/30/1972 9/29/1972 Miami -Dade County communities continue to participate in NFIP by adopting and enforcing floodplain management ordinances to reduce future flood damage. These floodplain management practices allow homeowners, renters, and business owners within the community to purchase the federally supported flood insurance. To maintain compliance with NFIP, Miami -Dade County and its municipalities are responsible, but not limited to the following: • In Miami -Dade County and its unincorporated community, the Water Management Division Chief of the Water Management Division under the Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources (RER) has been designated as the floodplain manager and assumes the responsibility of the commitments and requirements of participating in the NFIP • In Miami -Dade County municipalities, typically, the building department assumes the responsibility of floodplain manager and assumes the responsibility of the commitments and requirements of participating in the NFIP, a full list of individuals identified at the municipal level is listed on Appendix G of this part • Accept, review, and maintain records of the elevation for all new construction and substantial improvements in structure within the Special Flood Hazard Areas • Require permits and review all new construction, including substantial improvements, for compliance with the minimum standards under NFIP and the local floodplain management codes • Require that all development proposals greater than 50 lots or 5 acres, whichever is less, include Base Flood Elevation (BFE) data • Ensure that all new construction and substantial improvements in Flood Zones V and VE are adequately elevated so that the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member of the lowest floor is elevated to at or above the BFE • Require that all manufactured homes located in the Special Flood Hazard Areas are installed using methods and practices that minimize flood damage; including proper elevation and anchoring to resist flotation, collapse or lateral movement September 2025 P5-3 Substantial Damage Determinations and Enforcement in Miami -Dade County This section outlines how Miami -Dade County and its municipalities enforce substantial damage determinations (SDDs) and the subsequent requirements for structures in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs), as governed by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Florida Building Code (FBC), and local ordinances. Regulatory Framework • Miami -Dade County Code, Chapter 11C (Flood Damage Prevention) governs SDDs in unincorporated areas, aligned with NFIP and Florida Building Code • Municipalities may adopt their own ordinances, meeting or exceeding County/NFIP standards Roles and responsibilities • For Miami -Dade County, RER oversees SDDs in unincorporated areas via the Permitting and Inspection Center which conducts inspections, issues permits, and enforces compliance through notices, fines, or condemnation • Each of the 34 municipalities has a building department or floodplain manager handling SDDs, these enforce local floodplain ordinances, often coordinating with the County for technical or environmental reviews Substantial Damage Determination Process A structure is substantially damaged if the cost of repairs to its pre -disaster condition equals or exceeds 50% of its pre -disaster market value (excluding land value). This triggers requirements to comply with current floodplain management and building code standards to reduce future flood risks. 1. Inspection Triggers • Post -disaster (e.g., hurricanes, floods), officials inspect damaged structures • The Director of RER may direct the Permitting and Inspection Center and other RER staff to conduct damage assessments • Post -disaster damage assessments may also be requested by the Miami -Dade County Department of Emergency Management (DEM) from the public at large and from municipal partners • Damage assessment information is collected using the County website, calls from the general public and from damage assessment software used by stakeholders • Collected damage assessment is shared with officials responsible with SDDs • Inspections are also triggered by owner permit applications, or complaints that are called in into the county's general support call center or specifically to RER 2. Cost Assessment 1. Obtain a detailed itemized cost estimate from a licensed contractor or design professional. September 2025 P5-4 2. All materials and labor, even if donated or provided by the owner are taken into account to make the SDD. 3. Exclude only costs allowed under NFIP (e.g., code -mandated health/safety upgrades not tied to the improvement). 4. For attached additions, the cost of addition is based on the replacement cost as shown on the County's Properties website Property Record Card, or the structure's replacement cost from an independent professional appraisal 3. Market Value Assessment Acceptable methods to determine market value include: • Depreciated building value from an independent professional appraisal (most preferred) • Depreciated building value from the County's Properties website Property Record card • Adjusted assessed value 4. Calculation Cost of Improvement or Cost of Repair to Pre -Damage Condition Market Value of Building • If >_ 50%, the project is determined to be SI or SD. • Document the determination in writing. 5. Local officials issue the SDD in writing, detailing compliance requirements 6. Owners can appeal within 20-30 days with new appraisals or cost estimates Requirements for Substantially Damaged Structures Permitting • All development proposals in SFHAs must be reviewed for SI/SD determination if they involve additions, repairs, reconstruction, or improvements. • Ensures compliance with flood -resistant standards • Structures meeting SI/SD criteria must comply with NFIP and local floodplain regulations, including elevating to Base Flood Elevation (BFE) or higher as required. Compliance Options • Elevation: Elevate the lowest floor to or above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) plus local freeboard. • Floodproofing: Apply to non-residential structures (e.g., watertight walls, flood vents) • Relocation: Move the structure outside the SFHA September 2025 P5-5 • Demolition: Demolish and rebuild per current codes if repairs are not feasible Enforcement Mechanisms Permitting Oversight • Unpermitted work triggers stop -work orders or fines • Inspectors verify compliance during and after repairs Code Enforcement • County Neighborhood Regulations Division (unincorporated areas) or municipal code officers issue: o Notices of Violation (NOVs): Specify corrections and deadlines (10-30 days). o Fines: Up to $1,000 per violation or liens on the property o Hearings: Contested via Miami -Dade Code Enforcement Office or municipal officers; appeals within 20 days Unsafe Structures • Deemed unsafe, structures may face: o Unsafe Building Notices: Prohibit occupancy until repaired o Condemnation: Requires vacating and demolition/repair o Securing: County/municipality stabilizes structures, charging owners • Handled by the Unsafe Structures Board or municipal equivalents; appeals to Circuit Court Appellate Division within 30 days September 2025 P5-6 Community Rating System A voluntary incentive program was created by NFIP, called the Community Rating System (CRS) for communities participating in the NFIP. The Program recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. As a result, homeowners benefit from a significant discount on their flood insurance premium because, rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community's actions to meet CRS goals. The three (3) CRS goals are: • Reduce and avoid flood damage to insurable property • Strengthen and support the insurance aspects of NFIP • Encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management CRS recognizes measures for flood protection and flood loss reduction through four (4) main activity categories: Public Information, Mapping and Regulation, Flood Damage Reduction, and Flood Preparedness. To participate in the CRS Program, a community (County or Municipality) must complete and submit an application to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The community's floodplain management efforts are reviewed by FEMA and they are assigned the appropriate CRS classification based on credit points earned for various activities. Classifications range from 1 to 10 and they determine the premium discount for eligible flood insurance policies. Refer to Table 2 for details on the CRS premium discounts organized by class and flood zone.2 Table 2. CRS Premium Discounts by Class and Flood Zone Class Discount Class Discount Class Discount 1 45% 1 10% 1 10% 2 40% 2 10% 2 10% 3 35% 3 10% 3 10% 4 30% 4 10% 4 10% 5 25% 5 10% 5 10% 6 20% 6 10% 6 10% 7 15% 7 5% 7 5% 8 10% 8 5% 8 5% 9 5% 9 5% 9 5% 10 --- 10 --- 10 --- Flood Zones: A. AE, A1-A30, V, V1 — V30, AO and AH. Flood Zones: AR/A, AR/AE, AR/A1— A30, AR/AH and AR/AO. Flood Zones: B, C, X, D, AR and A99 As of December 2024, 469 communities in Florida participate in the NFIP and 265 of these communities participate in the CRS Program. Unincorporated Miami -Dade County has a total of 116,895 flood insurance policies -in -force, ranking number one (1) in the State. Five (5) Miami - Dade County municipalities (City of Miami, Miami Beach, Aventura, Sunny Isles Beach and Hialeah) are on the top 30 Florida communities, with a total of 157,821 flood insurance policies - in -force. They all participate in the CRS Program.3 Unincorporated Miami -Dade County participates in the CRS Program since October 2003, and has currently achieved a Class 3 Community rating, which guarantees a 35 percent discount on all flood insurance premiums. Furthermore, there are 24 communities in Miami -Dade County that participate in the CRS 2 April 2024 NFIP Flood Insurance Manual: https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance/work-with- nfip/manuals/current 3 Flood Insurance Data and Analytics: https://nfipservices.floodsmart.gov/reports-flood-insurance-data September 2025 P5-7 Program with rating ranging from Class 3 (35% discount) to Class 9 (5% discount), as depicted in Table 3. Table 3. Community Rating System Communities in Miami -Dade County Community Rating Community Rating Unincorporated Miami -Dade 3 Miami Beach 5 Aventura 7 Miami Gardens 7 Bal Harbor 8 Miami Lakes 6 Bay Harbour 9 Miami Shores 6 Coral Gables 5 North Bay Village 8 Cutler Bay 3 North Miami 6 Doral 6 North Miami Beach 7 Hialeah 7 Palmetto Bay 5 Homestead 7 Pinecrest 7 Key Biscayne 8 South Miami 6 City of Miami 6 Sunny Isles Beach 8 Medley 9 Surfside 6 *As of December 17, 20244 The Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) supports the CRS communities and others who wish to become CRS communities and strives to help identify areas where uniform credit can be obtained, as per compliance with the CRS Coordinators Manual. The LMS Plan was expanded to include Part 6, in order to capture and compile information to support Miami - Dade County's CRS Communities, thoroughly address the current and future flood risks, and mitigation measures. 4 FEMA Community Rating System: https://www.fema.gov/floodplain-management/community-ratinq- system September 2025 P5-8 Scope The scope of the Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Part 6: NFIP and CRS (LMS-Part 5) is to identify the County's CRS activities. A LMS CRS/Flood Sub -Committee will be responsible for supporting the development and review of this section of the LMS. Sub- committees are formed and disbanded as needed. LMS-Part 5 is meant to be supplementary to, and not replace, the responsibilities of the community's (County or Municipal) CRS Coordinator. Planning Process LMS-Part 1 states that the LMS is a compilation of initiatives that are identified and supported by the LMS Chair, LMS Co -Chair, LMS Steering Committee (LMSSC), LMS Working Group (LMSWG) and LMS Sub -Committees. Additionally, as illustrated in LMS-Part 4, Appendix B, a Whole Community Approach has been implemented into the LMS. The LMSWG meets on a quarterly basis (March, June, September and November) and these meetings are open to the public. Meeting information is shared via email to the LMS Distribution List and it is advertised on the LMS webpage: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/emergency/proiects-that-protect. page. The LMSSC and LMS sub -committees meet on an as needed basis. The LMS Chair provides information on updates and changes to the LMS Program, training and outreach activities, information on new mitigation products, and information pertinent to the stakeholders through an email distribution list. The LMS undergoes a five-year update cycle for submittal to the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) and then FEMA for review and approval. Upon FEMA approval, the Plan is locally adopted by the Miami -Dade Board of County Commissioners (BCC). Since 1957, Miami - Dade County has a metropolitan form of government comprised of an unincorporated area and 34 municipalities, each with their own government providing services. The BCC is the governing body of unincorporated Miami -Dade, and has broad, regional powers to establish policies, through ordinances and resolutions, for Miami -Dade County services. These actions automatically include the municipalities in the County. A Municipality can opt -out of an ordinance or resolution through their own resolution. However, when the BCC adopts the LMS, all municipalities must also adopt the LMS in their respective boards or councils for FEMA to consider them to have an approved and adopted hazard mitigation plan. Having a FEMA approved and adopted hazard mitigation plan is a requirement to be eligible to receive hazard mitigation assistance from FEMA. Local communities that wish to utilize the LMS as their Floodplain Management Plan for credit under the CRS Program must execute a local adoption of the County's LMS Plan. September 2025 P5-9 ASSESSING THE HAZARD - FLOODING Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. It can occur as a result of prolonged rainfall over several days, intense rainfall over short period of time, failure of a water control structure or storm surge. Floods are the most common and widespread weather -related natural hazard. In the United States, floods kill more people each year than tornadoes, hurricanes or lightning.5 Table 4. Flood Types6 Type Description River Flooding Occurs when water levels rise over the top of the river banks due to excessive rainfall over the same area for extended periods of time. Coastal Flooding Caused by higher than average high tide and worsened by heavy rainfall and onshore winds (i.e. wind blowing landwards from the ocean). Storm Surge An abnormal rise in water level on coastal areas, over and above the regular astronomical tide, cause by forces generated from a severe storm's wind, waves and low atmospheric pressure. Inland Flooding Occurs when moderate precipitation accumulates over several days, intense precipitation falls over a short period of time, a river overflows because of an ice or debris jam, or a water control structure fails. Flash Flooding Caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, generally less than six (6) hours. Flash floods are generally characterized by raging torrents after heavy rainfall that rip through river beds, urban streets or mountain canyons sweeping everything before them. They can occur within minutes or a few hours of excessive rainfall. Additionally, flash floods can occur when a water control structure fails. Miami -Dade County is highly vulnerable to flooding, as a result of heavy rainfall and storm surge, due to the County's unique geographical area. The County is surrounded by major bodies of water such as the Atlantic Ocean, Biscayne Park and the Everglades, and rivers, lakes, and canals. Additionally, Miami -Dade County has a relatively flat topography with a mean elevation of 11 feet and its underground water supply is just below the ground surface. As a result, during major rainfall events, rainwater has nowhere to drain and causes occasional flooding. Furthermore, studies are being conducted by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to better understand the ongoing threat of sea level rise, its potential impacts and how Miami -Dade County communities are being impacted differently depending upon their geographic location and specific considerations. For a more thorough flood hazard (flooding, storm surge and sea level rise) assessment, refer to the Hazard Identification & Vulnerability Assessment section on the LMS-Part 1. The aforementioned section was compiled based on the Miami -Dade County Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA). The THIRA rates the County's hazard risks, determines community vulnerabilities and capabilities, and helps to better understand the potential adverse impacts of disasters and emergencies in the County. This document consists of three (3) volumes. Volume 3 is the County's hazard assessment and it contains hazard profiles for each to the hazards that have a potential risk in Miami -Dade County. Each hazard profile includes a description of the hazard, location of where the hazard is most likely to occur within the County, the extent, previous occurrences, the vulnerability and hazard assessment. The 5 The National Severe Storms Laboratory, Severe Weather 101-Floods: https://www.nssl.noaa.govieducation/svrwx101/floods/ 6 Ibid. September 2025 P5-10 THIRA is considered a public safety sensitive document therefore, access to the aforementioned sections will be provided to the Insurance Services Office, Inc. / CRS (ISO/CRS) Specialist by Miami -Dade DEM upon request. Flooding Background and History in Miami -Dade County Prior to urban development in Miami -Dade County, the land was frequently inundated for extended periods due to its flat topography, low land elevations, and the high groundwater table in the Biscayne Aquifer. The Biscayne Aquifer is the County's primary source of drinking water. To make land more suitable for urban development, various local governments and private entities initiated the construction of a canal system. A canal system was built to meet human needs by controlling the water levels and the movement of water from one place to another for water supply, flood control, drainage, navigation, and to provide water needed to sustain natural communities in lakes, rivers, wetlands and estuaries. The canal -based water management system in South Florida, developed over the past 100 years, is one of the largest and most complex civil projects in the world.' The canal system that exists in Miami -Dade County today, utilizes gravity flow to move water to the east and ultimately to Biscayne Bay. However, the excavation required for the development of the canal system exposed the Biscayne Aquifer making it susceptible to saltwater intrusion. Saltwater intrusion refers to an influx of saltwater through various pathways into an aquifer. To mitigate this threat to the County water supply, salinity control structures were implemented in the primary and secondary canals throughout Miami -Dade County. For further information on saltwater intrusion in Miami -Dade County, refer to the Hazard Identification & Vulnerability Assessment section on the LMS-Part 1. The initial canal system design did not take into account the significant urban development that has occurred in the western portion of the County. The western part of the County is lower in elevation and more flood prone. The system relies on gravity flow canal structures to drain the water into Biscayne Bay; however, this is not adequate to drain storm surge water out to Biscayne Bay. Presently, Miami -Dade County canal system consists of approximately 616 miles of canals. The canal system is divided into 360 miles of primary canals, 260 miles of secondary canals, 350 miles of smaller ditches under private jurisdiction, and 75 miles of coastal waterways. In general, the secondary canal system connects into the primary system, which empties into Biscayne Bay. The primary canals, which include most of the salinity control structures, are maintained and operated by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). Miami -Dade Department of Transportation and Public Works (DTPW) maintains and controls the secondary canals. The private ditches discharge into the secondary and primary canals and the coastal ditches discharge directly into Biscayne Bay. The ability to move water in the secondary system is dependent on the available capacity of the primary system, which, in turn, is dependent in part on the proper operation of the salinity control structures. Figure 1 illustrates Miami -Dade County's canal system and figure 2 illustrates the location of Miami -Dade County canals within the drainage basins. The LMS continues to work with the SFWMD, DTPW and other County and Municipal stakeholders for canal mitigation measures. Miami -Dade County is significantly reliant on the ability of the canals to provide drainage. As illustrated in Figure 3, drainage basins cross different ' Canals in South Florida: A Technical Support Document — Prepared by SFWMD: https://www.researchdate.net/publication/305316875 Canals in South Florida A Technical Support D ocument September 2025 P5-11 jurisdictions, which demonstrates the importance of tracking drainage projects throughout Miami - Dade County to better collaborate on flood hazard mitigation with all jurisdictions. Figure 1. Canals in Miami -Dade County Canal MAINTBY s IPIRFAD OF STAFF LANDS - -, OF AVERTDIRA -. 1F ex, RAMP ISLAND s. urr Of CORAL [DALES s CITY OP CORAL CL7f&L€5 PUEtJL WOWS DEPT s CITY OF MKAME s CETY O MIAMI PDOLIC WOOFS DEPT s CITY OF MIAMI BEACH CITY OF MIAMI 5PRFNCR5 a CTTY T]F NORTH MIAMI. • qir OF NORTH MIAMI BEACH a CITY DC OPA LX A a MT op. PALMk1 o RAY P61RLr1, woRiz% DEAF1 1.1-...-i s FTIN OjF SDIITM M1AWl COA TT& WA I LF - CDAiTA[ WAICkWAY - mzxTr REQUESTS ADOPTION 392 42+57 1 a DADDE COI PITY PARK A'443 RFC t s DEEPINY SMLLWAY ■ Eft MiAME DADE s FEW s FDOT s FOOT :MOIRE EATERPRte+E nu rNDRTH ij1MPIF5 9LCBIIDA POWER B 1JCiTIT a FD;RFR3A F'OVIEE ARO Lim"! -r FPLR ATLANTIC CI iaLTRAAW •9M9E COONTV' a H611 WRWIAMS ISLE MARINA COMPANY LLLP 11ir1141L1ESIf MARINA COMPANY LLLP IIi5PEC-TF1I 3(1314 RPMOVA3 MD/ s MIAMI-DADE COu4IVf s. MIAMI-D>ADE CD9HTY AVIATKARi DEPT s MIAMI-DADE (IILINIY DEREI s MIAMI •DAD E COUNTY PARRS AND RECREATION +tom Mi4MI-D3C{ COUNTY NARK AND RCCRG5.TUON - RAM RANDS C UArry PUBLIC VICI01K5 DEP/ a MIAMI-DAM OAT; Ir. AY0,I10NDTg1 s M1AF11-FIAOF CL1I1M1TYASI1AT(ON l3FPT -� NIA s NC) DATA a NO ROAR SSW 3335 324 5T s NO ROAD {AY NOT 000rmMED IRf3A RIVER S1 NEC. AREA D.NI. PAVED LEAF s PAVED 256 163 ST NEED SPAIVEY PASTED ROADWAY s RAVED 519 194 216 51 kM TYt R:Irlil Degelmer* d Drcwry MOAupvrc-1 InfremrinnT:Yhnolon, DONVIMIN31Ti•' Dd. II/2/1202411.39AM Name: LMS CaedE September 2025 P5-12 Figure 2. Canals and Canal Structures within Drainage Basins ECM I)eparinwnt of Emergency Management IL7FMI Irlhrrrlatkn Technokrgy Department (ITh) Date: 1 u7j2024 8:S7 AM Kenn, Let Gmak Source: https://geaweb.sl'wmd.gov/agsextljrest/sevTces/ WaterM anagementSystem/AI (_Structures/ FeatureServe r =DA-a Primary Canal Basin -- eel&Wier NAME — Pmegla les Narirmal Park - Florida Bay - Florrda;Cily Fkwida Kays -. Frrxg1 1 Ihnr 154 SFp 'GOI LDS 13C Hnhun 41. - M ONA tarns �- •Nllor h @lscayne Bay lNo thSouth 1 anal ' Biscayne Bay i. All WMS Structures Jim flu C2 InC3 C4 ' CS - C7 ca41 .—.; tanscrrauon Arca;a +6wB „ Conservation Area3-94 September 2025 P5-13 Figure 3. Municipal Boundaries in Relation to Drainage Basins @craamlftaii Area3A = Primary Canal Flasin Municipality NAME AVENTLIRA RM1I HARROLIR - BAY HARBOR ISLANDS BISC'AYNE PARK CORAL GABLES CUTLER BAY DOR . EL PORTAL - PLORIDA cIFY - GOLDEN BEACH HIALEAH - WALLAH GAR{lr — HOMESTEAD - INDIAN CREEK VILLAGE (- KEY BI5CJYNE - MEDLEY Everglades Area3B - MIAMI ▪ MIAMI IfA( I - MIAMI GARDENS. - MIAMI IAKIS --yy =M1AMI SHORES7I. - MIAMI SPRINGS ♦♦♦ NORTH BAY VILLAGE - NORTI I MIAMI — NORTH MIAMI BEACH - DPA-LOCKA 4-1 PALMF7TO RAY PTNECREST - olrrH MIAMI - SUNNY ISLES El*ACII SDRFSIDE ▪ SWEE WATER i DTI UNINCORPORATED MIAMI-BADE !1 1 — VIRGINIA GARDENS 71 Deparbaeni o Enema y Mana7�crd iDBh}3 Inftrmalxn T drool y Department (no). Dam: 1)02T2PM 9:04 AM Nina, I Kianak S71700.A7ABaNIIIVRIEPLIPde.43Y WEST MIAM FLORIDA `2)37.3 WIN GIa Env Florida 40 City DORAL g HIALEA MIAMI II 1 SPRINGS 'VTR NIA GARDENS WEST'MIAMT CORAL GABLES SOUTH MIAMI PINECREST PALMETTO BAY .CU FLER BAY South Biscayne Flo riZI .keys INORT-1 MIAMI SHOR EL PORTAL-. .AV ENTURA NDIAN. CREEKt f VILri. GE NORTH VILLAGE MIAMI BEACH KEY BISCAYNE 41111,1 1.5n 73 S 1.5 4.5 G Was September 2025 P5-14 2024 Rainy Season8 South Florida's rainy season typically lasts an average of 155 days starting in mid -May and ending in mid -October. According to the National Weather Service, The El Nino pattern during the winter of 2023-2024 contributed to above normal precipitation, especially in February and March. However, as El Nino waned in the spring, the pattern transitioned rather quickly to much drier than normal in April and May when most areas received only 25 to 50 percent of the normal rainfall for those two months. This led to the development of moderate drought conditions in SW Florida and Palm Beach County in April, spreading south to include most of the southern Florida peninsula by the beginning of June. Table 5, compiled by the National Weather Service (NWS) - Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, includes six (6) Miami -Dade County sites. Table 5. Recorded rainfall from NWS sites in Miami -Dade County 2024 Location Rainfall (inches) Departure from Normal (inches) Hialeah 69.54 -3.39 Homestead General Airport 60.38 +2.99 Miami International Airport 69.56 +2.15 Miami/Tamiami Executive Airport 52.05 -4.67 NWS Miami — University Park 65.82 -3.92 Opa-Locka Airport 60.35 -2.30 The late -spring dryness ended quite abruptly with the widespread rain/flood event of June 11-13. Several days of copious rainfall led to major flash flooding across parts of South Florida, mainly in the northern Miami -Dade and southern Broward County metro areas where 2-day rainfall totals of 15 to 20 inches were observed. Rainfall totals of 10-20 inches were common across most of Collier County (highest values over the eastern sections of the county), with generally 5-8 inches elsewhere across the region. Precipitation stayed slightly above normal for the remainder of the summer and rainy season, highlighted by rainfall associated with Hurricanes Debby and Helene which were more notable across SW Florida. After the passage of Hurricane Milton in early October, the year concluded with below normal rainfall. Overall, 2024 ended up with above normal rainfall over most of SW Florida. Most of metro SE Florida ended up with above normal rainfall, except for an area of below normal rainfall from the eastern Everglades into portions of metro Miami -Dade and northern Palm Beach counties. 8 South Florida 2024 Weather Summary by the NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office September 2025 P5-15 Significant Flood Events Hurricane Irene (October 1999) — Hurricane Irene was a typical October tropical cyclone that moved over the Florida Keys and southeast Florida. Tropical Depression 13 formed on October 13, 1999, in the northwestern Caribbean Sea and reached tropical storm status on the same day. The storm continued a general north-northeast track over Cuba and towards the Florida Keys. On October 15t", it reached hurricane strength over the Florida Straits and made landfall in Key West, Florida as a Category 1 hurricane. Hurricane Irene made its fourth landfall near Cape Sable, Florida and then moved across southeast Florida bringing tropical storm conditions and torrential rainfall. The hurricane produced 10 to 20 inches of rainfall throughout the region. On October 16t", the storm moved offshore near northern Palm Beach County.9 Although Hurricane Irene did not make a direct landfall in Miami -Dade County, the heavy rainfall severely impacted the County. In some areas, flooding lasted for about a week displacing hundreds of people and isolating thousands. Total losses were estimated near $600 million in southeast Florida. As a result of Hurricane Irene, the BCC created a Flood Management Task Force. The Task Force was charged with analyzing the current flood management system and its performance during Hurricane Irene as well as recommending solutions to protect residents from future flood impacts. After eight (8) months of meetings with affected residents, businesses, municipalities, and federal, state and local agencies, the Task Force issued a Final Report with 18 recommendations that could reduce future flood impacts in Miami -Dade County.10 Tropical Storm Leslie (October 2000) — Tropical Storm Leslie was a short-lived tropical storm that developed from Subtropical Depression One, off the east coast of Florida. Although, neither Tropical Storm Leslie nor Subtropical Depression One was responsible for the flood damage that occurred during this event. This event was later referred to as the "No Name" storm. A tropical wave entered the eastern Caribbean Sea on September 27, 2000 and it remained disorganized as it moved north-northwest. On October 2nd, just south of western Cuba, the tropical disturbance was slightly better organized, and a mid -level circulation was visible in satellite imagery. The system began to move northward across western Cuba and the Florida Straits, and on October 3rd it entered the southeast Gulf of Mexico. As the disturbance moved north toward the west coast of Florida, it interacted with a stalled frontal boundary across southern Florida. The disturbance's interaction with the stalled frontal boundary resulted in a band of very heavy rainfall to become stationary across southeast Florida on October 3rd. On October 4t", the disturbance began to move northeastward over central Florida and moved offshore near Daytona Beach, Florida. At this time, the system became Subtropical Depression One and the storm was upgraded to Tropical Storm Leslie on October 5tn This system was closely monitored by DTPW, SFWMD and Municipal Public Works, and the appropriate protective actions were taken to lower the canal water levels. Initially, 4 to 8 inches of rainfall was forecast for this system, but rainfall amounts exceeded the forecasts. Ultimately, the system produced 14 to 18 inches of rainfall over a linear area across the County. Rain gauges in South Miami recorded 17.50 inches, 15.79 inches in Sweetwater (NWS Forecast Office), and 15.30 inches at the Miami International Airport.11 Many of the same areas that were impacted by 9 National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Irene, October 13 — 19, 1999: http://www.nhc.noaa.00v/data/tcr/AL131999 Irene.pdf 10 Miami -Dade County Flood Management Task Force — Report on Flood of October 3, 2000: https://www.miamidade.gov/environment/library/reports/flood-management.pdf 11 National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report for Tropical Storm Leslie (Subtropical Depression One), October 4 — 7, 2000: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162000 Leslie.pdf September 2025 P5-16 Hurricane Irene the prior year were affected by this system. As a result, the BCC reconvened the Miami -Dade County Flood Management Task Force to evaluate for the installation of supplemental pumps on some key coastal canal structures throughout Miami -Dade County.12 "After Hurricane Irene, the Miami -Dade Office of Emergency Management put together a Project Impact and Local Mitigation Strategy effort to coordinate work with the Federal Office of Emergency Management in order to obtain as much federal financial support as possible. The October 2000 flood, coming on the heels of the damage caused by Hurricane Irene, served to energize the participation by all levels of government in the mitigation process. The concerted effort by all participants, and the leadership shown by County staff, have resulted in the likely commitment of tens of millions of dollars for federal money to correct some of the County's flood control deficiencies." — Miami -Dade County Flood Management Task Force, Report on Flood of October 3, 2000 Hurricane Katrina (August 2005) — The complex development of Hurricane Katrina involved the interaction of a tropical wave, the tropospheric remnants of Tropical Depression Ten and an upper tropospheric trough. On August 19, 2005, a tropical wave that emerged from Africa several days prior merged with the remnants of Tropical Depression Ten producing a large area of showers and thunderstorms north of Puerto Rico. This system was moving northwestward, passing north of Hispaniola and then consolidating just east of Turks and Caicos on August 22nd. Wind shear in the area decreased enough to allow the system to develop into Tropical Depression Twelve in the afternoon of August 23rd over the southeastern Bahamas. The tropical system continued to become better organized and it became Tropical Storm Katrina in the morning of August 24tn Initially, the storm was moving northwestward as it continued to strengthen. However, on August 25th, its interaction with a weakness in the lower tropospheric subtropical ridge over the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern United States, Tropical Storm Katrina began to move westward towards southern Florida. The evening of August 25th, less than two (2) hours before its center made landfall in southeastern coast of Florida, the system strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. Hurricane Katrina made its first landfall in the United States as a Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 81 mph near the border of Miami -Dade County and Broward County late evening on August 25th. As Hurricane Katrina continued to move westward across southern Florida, the strongest winds and heaviest rainfall were located south and east of the eye, over Miami -Dade County. The storm remained over land for about six (6) hours and weakened into a tropical storm over mainland Monroe County. Once the storm reemerged into the Gulf of Mexico, north of Cape Sable, FL, it quickly regained its strength. Hurricane Katrina made its final landfall near the mouth of the Pearl River at the Louisiana/Mississippi border as Category 3 hurricane on August 29t". This is the costliest 13' 14and one of the deadliest tropical cyclones on record. Hurricane Katrina produced substantial rainfall over portions of southern Miami -Dade County. Rain gauges at the Homestead Air Reserve Base recorded 14.04 inches, 12.25 inches in Florida City, and 11.13 inches Cutler Ridge. Rainfall amounts over northern Miami -Dade County were between 2 to 4 inches. Storm Surge was not an issue for Miami -Dade County during this storm. However, Hurricane Katrina served as a grim reminder that storm surge poses the greatest potential cause for loss of life in a single hurricane in the United States. 12 Miami -Dade County Flood Management Task Force — Report on Flood of October 3, 2000: https://www.miamidade.gov/environment/library/reports/flood-management.pdf 13 National Hurricane Center's Costliest U.S. Tropical Cyclones Tables: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf 14 2017 Hurricane Harvey tied with Hurricane Katrina as the costliest tropical cyclone on record. September 2025 P5-17 October 2011 — There were two (2) significant flood events in October 2011. During this month, Miami Beach recorded a total of 21.34 inches of rainfall breaking a 1952 record of 18.02 inches. The Miami International Airport recorded a total of 15.52 inches (9.19 inches above normal) making it the 11t" wettest October on record. The first flood event occurred between Friday, October 7th through Sunday, October 9t". The highest rainfall amounts were recorded over the Miami metropolitan area, with the highest occurring south of Kendall Drive. Figure 4 illustrates estimated rainfall amounts covering the period from Friday, October 7th through Sunday, October 9t". Areas in pink indicate rainfall totals between 8 and 10 inches. Rain gauges at the West Kendall/Tamiami Airport recorded 10.11 inches, 8.90 inches in Princeton and 7.40 inches at the Homestead Air Reserve Base.15 Figure 4. 48-Hour Rainfall Accumulation Map (October 7 — 9, 2011) 48 Hour Rainfall Ending 8 AM October 9th, 2011 56wre, A505, AWOS, AWSS, Co -Op obaefvera, CoCoft* o obaeruars, SFWM❑ and AHPS data nl,ttld values are actual observations. Values bctrvocn tac observations Iran¢ been Interopalabcd and enhan Led using A., data. [his information is not Wilda and should Ls mo*dered as an esdnea[i an. Rainfall (Inches) MI 0 0- 0 25 • 0.50 Cladso 0..12 01.t3 1300 Gu,//`:9rAlexitsa IF 10 20 0.32 0.080.54 . • 0-0101 13earh a0.56 22 4�12 44f3 414 a02 0.212 054 a.24 0.(12 1 69 1.. $3 672 Advil Ocean 40...5 Limn, rt The second flood event occurred between Friday, October 28th and Monday, October 31 st. A combination of high levels of atmospheric moisture in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, and a stalled frontal boundary produced heavy rainfall between October 28 and 31, 2011 (Friday — Monday). This resulted in significant to severe flooding throughout parts of South Florida. Late in the afternoon on October 29th, the front stalled over South Florida and bands of heavy rainfall developed in northern Miami -Dade County, from Miami Beach and Doral north to the Pompano Beach area (Broward County). These areas saw 3 to 7 inches of rainfall in only a few hours resulting in significant street flooding. The front remained nearly stationary over South Florida through October 30th, which resulted in the most significant rain event of the weekend. Clusters of heavy rainfall and thunderstorms developed over Biscayne Bay during late afternoon and evening. It later drifted north over Key Biscayne, Cutler Bay and Palmetto Bay during the evening. At midnight on October 31st, the area of heaviest rainfall and thunderstorms was over Pinecrest, Coral Gables and Coconut Grove. In only a few hours, areas from Cutler Bay to 15 NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, Public Information Statement: https://www.weather.dov/media/mfl/news/RAIN EVENT111009.pdf September 2025 P5-18 Coconut Grove received 6 to 10 inches of rainfall resulting in severe street flooding and water intrusion in dozens of homes. Per SFWMD, isolated areas in Coconut Grove may have received over 12 inches of rainfall during this time. Rainfall continued throughout the evening.16 Figure 5 illustrates an estimate of rainfall amounts covering the period from Friday, October 28th through Tuesday, November 1st. Areas in pink indicate rainfall totals over 12 inches. The highest rainfall total recorded in Miami -Dade County was in Miami Beach with 11.70 inches. Figure 5. 4-Day Rainfall Accumulation Map (October 28 — November 1, 2011) 4 Day Rainfall Ending SAM November 1st 2011 SOME,. ASOS, AWOS, AMISS, . Co -Op observers, CoCoRolds ohservers, SFWMD.and AHPS data I.otird vnFnns nor mailed ohvrvniinn _Val uns hntwoan 'ha Ahsarvni i nos hagry horn inirrnpninin,i And esi hanceri n-.ing AMPS darn. I his information is riot official and di ontd ha roI+S.Sdnrvl as no mil maeinn. Rain Rai I finches) MI OM apt-2M ep1-am ai . On. 3.97 91 2, 1112.89 Glade 166 �t9 • Palin 9e ach — Hendry ; .3.9E .43 y .51 . .a9 CsIller €8raward 133 ` mod. 1.39 .19 + • • 1Ad afrni i Ede }' ra,�m at ,i5 �ritfiO exJco a 1a pa la as A» fdi es _.79 3 n Ad 13 A'fifl.'OcCd7t NA'S Mani, R Tropical Storm Andrea (June 2013) — A trough developed north of a persistent cyclonic gyre located over the southeastern Mexico and northern Central America on June 2, 2013. On June 3rd, a broad area of low pressure formed over the southern Gulf of Mexico in response to a tropical wave entering the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Moderate vertical wind shear and dry air in the area hindered the development of the system as is moved northward. Atmospheric conditions became slightly conductive and Tropical Storm Andrea formed in the evening of June 5th several miles southwest of St. Petersburg, Florida. The storm initially began moving northward, but on June 6th it turned northeastward and made landfall along the northwestern Florida Peninsula. Tropical Storm Andrea continued to move across northeastern Florida and southeastern Georgia, and it became extratropical over northeastern South Carolina on June 7tn 16 NWS Weather Forecast Office, Summary of Heavy Rainfall/Flood Event of October 28-31: https://nwas.orq/el/2012-EJ 11 /October2011 HeavyRain.pdf September 2025 P5-19 Although Tropical Storm Andrea did not make landfall in South Florida, convective rain bands well southeast of the center of the storm produced very heavy rainfall over southeastern Broward County and northeastern Miami -Dade County between June 6th and 7th. A 24-hour total of 13.94 inches was recorded at the SFWMD station in North Miami Beach, 11.71 inches at the FIU Biscayne Campus and 9.89 inches in North Miami/Keystone Point. This excessive rainfall resulted in widespread flash flooding that caused water to enter homes and roads to become impassible.17' 18 Figure 6 illustrates an estimate of rainfall amounts covering the period from June 6th through June 9th Figure 6. 72-Hour Rainfall Accumulation Map (June 7 — 9, 2013) 72-Hour Rainfall - Thru 7 AM June 9th, 2013 Source: ASOS,cara StANSS,Co-Op o6sr�relu.,—.Cwbnwaobservers,I, vlSFwDand AMPS dato Iral ohcanw and ahnaA wdna. :olteHti iwes M.uS y kWh"' pn'[151111.A5ei ire lnelo0ed In the map. TT15 Inlervnanon Is not olll[lal 2a4 sho old Ise cpnslde rod as on est Mallon. p.13 O.W 1fi a.a .a.15 qqqqqq��������.��. 1 M BIPS 1B i..d rpr r.av Rainfall (inches) ,g,.a, O tlO tN 001 R.jO 001 100 101-700 201-400 401 -6.00 13 01 - &00 001 10.00 10 R1 1700 17 61-1�: !ui GuCfvfMc.thv 0 10 20 a0 BD BD 11les 1,00 R AthulticO z October 2013 — An area of low pressure near the Yucatan Peninsula directed tropical moisture into South Florida that produced heavy rainfall in the Kendall area, near the Falls Shopping Mall, during the late afternoon and early evening of October 2, 2013. The slow -moving showers and thunderstorms produced rainfall amounts of 7 to 10 inches in just a few hours which resulted in an isolated area of flash flooding. Roads were impassible and The Falls Shopping Mall parking lot was completely under water. Additionally, water entered buildings and vehicles in the area.19 February 2015 — A stationary front over South Florida resulted in a strong thunderstorm that produced over 4 inches of rainfall over northeast Miami -Dade County.20 As a result, significant flooding occurred in the Omni, Edgewater and Midtown areas, mainly along Biscayne Boulevard and North Miami Avenue, in the City of Miami. Multiple cars stalled and flooding was about one 17 National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report for Tropical Storm Andrea: https://www.nhc.noaa.00v/data/tcr/AL012013 Andrea.pdf 18 NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, Tropical Storm Andrea (June 5 — 7, 2013): https://www.weather.gov/mfl/andrea 19 NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (Event Type: Flash Flood): https://www.ncdc.noaa.qov/stormevents/eventdetails.isp?id=478777 20 NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, South Florida Winter 2014-2015 Recap: https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/news/Feb2015WinterSummary.pdf September 2025 P5-20 (1) foot deep. Additionally, multiple businesses in the Miami Midtown Shops closed, because ground floors flooded.21 December 2015 — A cold front moved into South Florida on December 3, 2015. On December 4th and 5th, the front stalled over the upper Florida Keys and produce heavy rainfall throughout Miami -Dade County. However, southern Miami -Dade County was the hardest hit area and rainfall amounts recorded between December 5th and 6th were similar to totals observed during previous tropical systems. The Miami Executive Airport recorded 8.92 inches of rainfall and over 10 inches were recorded in West Kendall. The Homestead/Redland area recorded 6 to 8 inches of rainfall resulting in the severe flooding of agricultural fields. Farmers reported significant damage to fall and winter crops, ranging from rotting crops due continuous rainfall to total loss from completely flooded fields. Agricultural damage estimates were about 1 Million dollars with a 70% to 80% loss in crops. Other impacts included numerous road closures, stalled vehicles and Zoo Miami closed for several days due to flooding in the facility.22 Typically, December is the driest months in South Florida, but December 2015 had an unusual wet pattern. The Miami Executive Airport in West Kendall recorded 18.43 inches of rainfall, the wettest December on record since 1998; the Redland recorded 14.92 inches; the wettest December on record since 1942 and the Miami International Airport recording its second wettest December on record with 9.75 inches. Figure 7 illustrates observed rainfall amounts for the month of December.23 Figure 7. Observed Precipitation for December 2015 inches Ini n ^1001 - E as -i M1 .5 99. observed Precipitation TO Date - Decerritser -EOD-744 7� I EJ 1194 4n • IS i [51 fin IS ., r 1E112 no- ills - Ed D D . 1594 ` r MI MOD- 1799 1 f 41 . 111'o.no 14VY -:9 no .24 99 NJ i t FiVrtr FD.1 E. an:k-r'.hF"6 -25gG- t. h r,r r - swn •m ,,,'"7.. Croat C P2 28'2016 19W U TC 21 NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (Event Type: Flash Flood): https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=565140 22 NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (Event Type: Flood): https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=605707 23 NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, 2015 South Florida Weather Year in Review: https://www.weatherdov/media/mfl/news/2015WeatherSummary.pdf September 2025 P5-21 August 2017 — A surface low with enough organized deep convection formed within the post - frontal trough and a Tropical Depression developed on July 30, 2017. The system was centered west-northwest of St. Petersburg, Florida. The next day, on July 31st, the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Emily and made landfall near Longboat Key, Florida. Tropical Storm Emily moved over Central Florida and weakened into a Tropical Depression in the early hours of August 1st and moved offshore into the Atlantic Ocean. By August 2nd, the storm became post tropical and dissipated over the Atlantic Ocean.24 Tropical Storm Emily was a short-lived tropical storm and no direct impacts were reported in Miami -Dade County. However, the system left an elongated trough across South Florida on August 1st. A combination of the frontal boundary and daytime heating, a band of thunderstorms developed off the coast and moved west. At around 2 pm, the band of thunderstorms became nearly stationary over Miami Beach, Key Biscayne and Downtown Miami. A Flash Flood Warning was issued at 3:47pm until 9:45pm. Later in the afternoon, the same band of thunderstorms redeveloped over The Redlands, Kendall, Palmetto Bay, and Pinecrest area. Rainfall amounts in these areas ranged between 4 and 6 inches with isolated amounts between 7 and 8 inches. The rainfall rates of 2 to 4 inches an hour lasted 2 to 3 hours, around the same time as high tide which exacerbated the flooding. Significant flooding was reported in Miami Beach and the Brickell area in the City of Miami. Vehicles were stalled in streets with up to 2 feet of water and several streets were closed due to deep standing water. In Miami Beach, 1 to 2 feet of water was reported throughout several streets in South Beach, including Purdy Avenue, West Avenue, Alton Road, Pennsylvania Avenue, Meridian Avenue, Collins Avenue, Washington Avenue and Indian Creek Drive. Water entered businesses, homes, apartment lobbies and parking garages. In Mary Brickell Village, more than 10 businesses and buildings had 1 to 4 inches of water inside their structures. Figure 8 illustrates the 24-hour rain total graphic from NWS Weather and Hazards Data Viewer for this event.25,26 Figure 8. Rainfall Map from NWS Weather and Hazards Data Viewer 24 NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, Tropical Storm Emily (July 13 — August 1, 2017): https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062017 Emily.pdf 25 NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, Preliminary Report on August 1, 2017 Miami and Miami Beach Flood Event: https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/news/Flood 2017Aug1.pdf 26 NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (Event Type: Flash Flood): https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.isp?id=718505 September 2025 P5-22 Hurricane Irma (September 2017) — Hurricane Irma made two landfalls in South Florida on September 10t". At 9:10 am, Category 4 Hurricane Irma made landfall in Cudjoe Key and at 3:35 pm in Marco Island as a Category 3. The center of Hurricane Irma moved into Central Florida and continued a northward trajectory over Florida. Rainfall amounts in Miami -Dade County were mainly between 6 and 10 inches. Storm surge of approximately 3 to 5 feet travelled 1 to 2 blocks inland along the Biscayne Bay shoreline from Homestead to Downtown Miami/Brickell. Isolated spots in Coconut Grove and Brickell surveyed storm surge inundation greater than six (6) feet. Storm surge inundation north of Downtown Miami had values of 2 to 3 feet and areas along the Atlantic oceanfront (Key Biscayne and Miami Beach) had inundation of 2 to 3 feet and confined to the immediate beachfront. Figure 9 illustrates peak storm surge values in Miami -Dade County. Figure 9. Hurricane Irma Peak Storm Surge Values Hurricane Irma Peak Sturm Surge Values • • S• a�l'.c .11rtu.a'. 41, National Weather Service Miami/South Florida Hmkanl • 1 1 E1e. T .pia. Mum : 'n Lii Surge IAGL rm�v.., sra< N4166ur y. V606. KORA • �.+..m*. gal wiakismaajaa.9...... ag,rsr, nrwwilf:YM. ta. mv.xwt December 2019 - A strong cold front moved across the region behind a low pressure system that developed over the Gulf of Mexico. Ahead of the cold front, a strong line of storms crossed through South Florida and produced heavy rainfall and flooding across the east coast metro areas of northeast Miami -Dade County during the early morning hours of December 23, 2019. The highest rainfall amount was over 8 inches. Significant flooding was recorded from Aventura south and to the North Miami area. Multiple reports received of significant street and parking lot flooding, with reports of flooded parking garages and stalled vehicles, particularly in Aventura as well as along Biscayne Boulevard and NE 123rd Street. Flooding continued impacting several roads across the area into Monday afternoon and evening. Figure 10 illustrates observed rainfall amounts for December 23rd 27, 28 27 NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office, December 2019 South Florida Flooding: https://www.weather.gov/mfl/dec2019floodinq 28 NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (Event Type: Flood): https://www.ncdc.noaa.qov/stormevents/eventdetails.lsp?id=869837 September 2025 P5-23 Figure 10. December 23rd Rainfall Accumulation Map Wedtlier Fure[ast Office December 23rd Heavy Rain/Flooding Mian,i/South Florida Localized amounts of 9-12+" Issued December 25, 2019 5:17 PM CT Localized rain amounts of 8.12"+ were reported across northeast Miami - Dade and southeast Broward Counties. &alum ANtT I a-- so 6W rair ca+' y,'� Un--Uair mow our '00. ray } OW 4 00' Iw 2101 ▪ IM' SOW la0. isrr • IOW - I. u W. 10.101 ■aoAM, x,m SNSlaml weathe r.gou/sou tb f loci da Local flood events are documented by NWS Miami/South Florida Forecast Office at https://www.weather.gov/mfl/events index and by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/. September 13, 2020 — A low pressure system, turned tropical disturbance, moving across the western Atlantic and over the Bahamas abruptly formed into Tropical Depression Nineteen on September 11th. Tropical Depression Nineteen gradually continued westward and the center passed about 10 to 20 miles SSE of Miami, Florida during the morning of September 12t". As Tropical Depression Nineteen moved westward over the South Florida peninsula, it continued to strengthen into a Tropical Storm known as Tropical Storm Sally. Rainfall flooding impacts were moderate to significant across South Florida with around 3 to almost 8 inches across portions of Miami -Dade County. Several broadcast media reports of significant street flooding from Coconut Grove to Brickell and Downtown Miami, and possibly extending into Little Havana. U.S. Highway 1 in Coconut Grove and Brickell was covered in water up to knee-high in places, leading to a number of stalled vehicles. Flood Impacts Flood impacts in a structure can range from wet carpets or floors, to damaged interiors leading to destruction of property. In addition, floods can potentially cause damage to infrastructure, such as washing out roads and bridges, or standing water can inhibit the movement of vehicular traffic. The agricultural community can significantly be impacted by floods when crop fields are flooded for an extended period of time or are being washed away. September 2025 P5-24 Flood Regulations in Miami -Dade County Pre -Flood Insurance Rate Map structures are those built before the effective date of the first FIRM for the community or prior to January 1, 1975 (whichever is later). This means structures built before detailed flood hazard data and flood elevations were provided to the community and usually before the community enacted a comprehensive floodplain management program and regulations.29 Pre -FIRM buildings can be insured using "subsidized" rates to help residents afford flood insurance even though the structure was built without considering flood protection.30 Post -FIRM structures are new construction built after the effective date of the first FIRM for the community. Insurance rates for Post -FIRM buildings depend on the elevation of the lowest floor in relation to the BFE. The CRS Sub -Committee identified major milestones for flood regulation in Miami -Dade County as depicted in Table 6. Table 6. Percent Housing Stock by Major Flood Regulation Dates for Miami -Dade County (December 2024) Color Year Description % of housing stock Pre- 1957 No special elevation requirements in effect. 23.62% 1957- 1973 General Countywide requirement of the highest of the County Flood Criteria maps (10-year event) (CFC), Back Of Sidewalk (BOS), or highest adjacent Crown Of Road (COR) + 8 inches for residential or 4 inches for commercial construction 22.42% 1973- 1992 First FIRM maps developed identifying flood areas. CFC still enforced. 24 82% 1993 2008 Incorporated areas begin enforcing flood codes. 20.90% 2009- 2011 Updated FEMA Flood Maps 1.00% 2012 - present New Florida Building Code requiring free board for properties within Special Flood Hazard areas, following ASCE24 Table, to be elevated depending on the building category 7 23% Figure 11 illustrates an overview of the residential construction in relation to the major milestones listed on Table 6. The data was for figure 11 was gathered from the Miami -Dade County Property Appraiser database, by looking at the year of construction. This information is meant to provide an overview on the structures' year of construction, but it does not provide information on the elevation. However, it provides an overview of the standard in place when the structure was built. Individual jurisdictional maps can be made available to all municipalities. 29 Pre -FIRM Definition/Description (FEMA): https://www.fema.gov/about/qlossarv/pre-firm-building 3° Miami -Dade County Regulatory and Economic Resources, Flood Insurance: https://www.miamidade.gov/environment/flood-insurance.asp September 2025 P5-25 Table 7 illustrates the number of structures by the flood regulation milestones for each M unicipality. An Elevation Certificate is used to provide elevation information necessary to: 31 • Ensure compliance with the community's floodplain management ordinances • Determine the proper insurance premium rate • Support a request for a Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA) to remove a building from the Special Flood Hazard Area If a structure is located within a FEMA Flood Zone, an Elevation Certificate is needed. It is imperative that every homeowner has an Elevation Certificate because, in case of a disaster, it would demonstrate to County authorities that the structure is at or above the required elevation. Elevation Certificates are required for all new construction, substantial improvements to a structure, and for substantially damaged structures. Miami -Dade County has been collecting Elevation Certificates from developers since 1995 as a requirement for their building permit. However, a comprehensive database of Elevation Certificates for all structures in Miami -Dade County is not available, but the Miami -Dade County Regulatory and Economic Resources Department (RER) continues to gather this data.32 31 NFIP Elevation Certificate and Instructions (FEMA): https://www.fema.dov/media- library/assets/documents/160 32 Miami -Dade RER, Flood Protection — Elevation Certificates: https://www.miamidade.gov/environment/flood-elevation.asp September 2025 P5-26 9.0000 if& Miami -Dale CeuRtp DOMMAM Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Figure 11. Miami -Dade County Residential Construction by Flood Regulation Milestones Pre-1957 Residential Buildings Pre 1957 in Spd 5f NE knve Miami Dad° HIA1 FAH HAN0H1LB MEDLEY Courilry Club MIAMI LAISED HIAI FA MIAMI BAH NH Sf'ftlri4S VIRGIN IA'GAROENS lily.. SWEETWATER Tnmtaml -Trl Kendall We$t The Hammocks Three L a keg Rrchmond Wes! rIOMESTEAO CIOA CITY Kendall PINECRES ALMETT0 E COR/ ABL e39 1 -3 4MIe VOATH 111AMI EACH 0 MIAMI BIS0AYNE- A=I rbL-EN BE4CH A NT URA SUNNY ,NS ISL€5� 6EACRh 177 •ELALNRREOBR SAY•HARBOR.ISLAHOS IH MAN CRCCk vII.LAG[ HF.Y RISCAYtiE IND [xpetmlrrc of Emergency Macegu ent [DEMI infamdUon B>J.. x/lyrjp 9epern-nent (IT➢) Dem: 11.71/2029 tg:W »I Moe; LtlS_Rea-DulldIng_YearRange Sc9e99:9.190 her T199 4aae.gw September 2025 P5-1 Figure 11. Miami -Dade County Residential Construction by Flood Regulation Milestones 1958-1973 Residential Buildings 1958 - 1973 I. Sparse Pen. Miarn;-Dade F HIALEAH, ARDeliS SWEETWATER Tamlaml Trl Kendall WnRI The Hammocks Three 1 RICI1n1ond Wes' t 17n•• NOMESTEAO FLORIDA CITY MEDLEY CORAL MIAMI LAKES OPA LOCKA H1AtEAH MIAMI SPRINGS .VIRGINIA GARDENS r.I:I:HI Inr irnsi'nral FSi MIAMI CORAL GASLED r RODTH MIAMI • n d a I l PINECREST PALM ETr4 DAY TIER HAY NORTH MIAMI r l PA1iR MIAMI •5H6RES L PORTAL 9boeyrlc: N1tionid F':arR 1 0 5 0 I 2 3 Mlles AVENTIIR lNNY31@S IS E.AGHh � ARB BAL'HARBOIJR AV HARDR;]ELANDS !NW. CREEK VILL00E r• MI DEAWi acre 7 KEY BISLAYNE VcrA r mmr ri Emtrie.A. Mnn'TV.-.^t (OtM: Information TedIndo o TYepatnient 1ITP) Dads: tan 112024 1:36 PM Wa1R: LMS,Rn_fIDNrLri YearRange PAY AI4R.4=S:migmddsdep•.' September 2025 P5-28 Figure 11. Miami -Dade County Residential Construction by Flood Regulation Milestones Residential Buildings 1974 - 1992 glen., SWEETWATER Three Luke; Richmond West. HOMESTEAD FLORIDA CITY 1974-1992 MIAMI LAKES Kendall MIAMI SPRINGS VA:" EE AVFN VI MIAMI GARDENS NORTH MIAMI BEAf:H OPA I O KA OATlr MIAMr. DKr IARaa11R BI CAYNE BAY'-HARR TR.If,I ANDS 'PARK INDIAN CRUX AILL EEAOL MIAMI SHORES EL PORTA VIRGINIA GARDENS IL•'.I:lf:l� EST MIAMI SOLMB MIAMI PINELREST PALMETTO BA CUTLER BAY CORAL GABLES 1 0 0 I 3 A Miles t NORTHl yAY- t WILILL GE IAMI BEACH ach R FY f5I SDAYTIF neorm.t fl Technology Deparment (LTD] Date: 12/3112024 1:2A PO4 tt.miI: tMy_Rer_lkslamo rx.r. sal Iola.00 totN 2rlvennls4:.0 W September 2025 P5-29 Figure 11. Miami -Dade County Residential Construction by Flood Regulation Milestones Residential Buildings 1993 - 2008 Sparse -e h,, ..;frocks' HOMESTEAD Pi RIRA f iY 1993-2008 Cu Lori I1 'y Club MIAMI LAKES KIAI AP ANti SWEETWATER Throe ! akEes MEDLEY AURAL HIALEAH MIAMI 5 PRINGS VIRGIN IA GARDENS W ERT MIAMI MIAMI GARDENS OPA LOGI<A coml. coml. (SABLES se m 0 iQUIN MFAMF PINEGREST PALMETTO BA S.etTI FR RAY 6®LDEN EF.A H AVENTURA ISLESSYMY1„s �15iE5 REACH NDRTN MIAMI, —SISDAY NE 9RY'NAR& 9RlSLANQS PARK. INDIANJ GREEN VILLAGE B s. sy ru, NMIPREI 07,4 II N 5 i 2 S a i4: . 4UR1H f_sn�a WILLROE ach KEY El SDAYNE maroon MEM Deparinlurt Sf Emen;ree Y Marsagerere;0E14) triom--.1La1 5si11wloyy fhpaln.,S t (STD) Qah�: 1201; 2021 1:36 PM Name' LMS Res E+.pkllrs YearRaspe ahella-ROOM RIamigade,a_or September 2025 P5-30 Figure 11. Miami -Dade County Residential Construction by Flood Regulation Milestones Residential Buildings 2009 - 2011 Sparse MI Dense ktl lams -Dade T.otp11[ml Tel Kendall We The Hammocks 2009-2011 Country Cll.ih MIAMI LAKES HIALEAH GARDENS SWEETWATER • Three Lakes Richmond Wes[ HOMES I EAU FLORIDA DRY :eatead NA r 4'e 5 ese MEDLEY DORAL Kendall HIALEAH MIAMI SPRINGS VIRGINIA GARDENS WEST MM IUIMI ! � SOUTH Id AR PINF1.RFST PALMETTO RAY 'CD ILEFT eAY MIAMI GARDENS OPA LaDa1A CORAL GABLES r NORTHBAL'HARBQLIR '^i—SISCAYNE BAY HARSiR ISLANDS PARK INDIAN cR££it VILLAGE EL P HTA! z J v 8lacafle. N41hticlaJ iNrl.. 1 il.L 11 a 2 J aMRP.a Ern MIAM' iF.A::M rri KEY BISCAYNE Departmento1 EmEtpr•rxy Mdnac nsen;utrd Intrernaten Tcxinokkry Dey+aNtrttits; [kite, 12131n624 3:2/ Pid kmr., [MS_Rn_BulklireYa®R..A. veNellaMAKIMILteMeMATinget September 2025 P5-31 Figure 11. Miami -Dade County Residential Construction by Flood Regulation Milestones 2012-2024 Residential Buildings 2012 - Present Ili Sparse 111.1 Dense Mane -Dade HIALEAH GARDENS SWEETWATER Tinning Tri Kendall West The Hammocks Thee Lakes Rchmund "est. HOMESIb RUB FLORIDA CI) j Cul MEDLEY DORAL Country enJb MIAMI LAKES MIAMI SPRINGS VIRGI HIA GARDENS Kendall rNNPCRP ST PALMETTO BAY CUTLER BAY GOLDEN B RClr AVEN1 VK: ti MIAMI GARDENS OPA-LOC KA CORAL GABLES NORT.! 1!1 12. AM1 a pyAL HARP OUR -BI VNE ttAYHARAciR LAMnK PARK ElNOIAN CREEK VIL'LABE MIAMI 1d71i3ne1 Plil 1 R n II 1 2 3 1Y.Ines MIAM3 BEAC Cl1 KEY BI NE Department of E^m; ^cy Ofonoperneot [sera: 1 kamnulwa TecnrNYey1 rxp.. n. rlt rm1 IxNr: 12J}112n24:i:!'r PM Nam' [M5 Aes_B iMIna YearRANIP 5.4!IPa Mg* I_r2n4vn gyaY September 2025 P5-32 Miami -Dale Ceunlp Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Table 7. Residential Structures by Flood Regulation Dates for Each Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Pre 1957 1957 - 1973 1974 - 1992 1993 - 2008 2009 - 2011 2012 - Present Aventura 19 4,401 11,244 8,107 63 554 BalHarbour 321 800 1123 661 210 272 Bay Harbor 546 1,307 165 139 5 532 Biscayne Park 912 92 37 2 3 11 Coral Gables 7,094 3,963 2,095 3,047 252 863 Cutler Bay 1284 4,600 3,360 4,783 280 560 Dora! 13 844 4,174 11,174 750 6,842 El Portal 667 52 3 14 1 8 Florida City 280 569 301 1,003 30 1,348 Golden Beach 90 24 76 90 11 88 Hialeah Gardens 2 278 2,244 3,266 7 103 Hialeah 14,451 15,048 18,009 5,581 55 3,386 Homestead 1242 1,061 3,012 11,461 310 3,897 Indian Creek Village 3 4 8 31 4 5 Key Biscayne 530 2,326 2,221 1,592 43 371 Medley 17 28 27 22 1 4 Miami Beach 12,721 18,122 6,106 11,061 840 2,125 Miami Gardens 8,881 14,481 4,549 2,408 178 885 Miami Lakes 2 2,845 2,802 3,350 10 553 Miami Shores 2,921 533 179 80 3 31 Miami Springs 2,702 837 256 82 28 51 Miami 38,489 16,256 15,229 33,030 2927 14,733 North Bay Village 680 1,204 557 950 158 21 North Miami Beach 5,831 5,078 1,242 277 13 1,044 North Miami 7,687 5,381 1,166 601 14 152 Opa-Locka 1,864 599 162 275 9 163 Palmetto Bay 306 4,623 2,215 1,001 13 94 Pinecrest 1,177 2,947 863 915 52 500 South Miami 1,683 749 628 527 26 154 Sunny Isles Beach 245 4,889 4,495 6,502 850 2,142 Surfside 979 613 499 848 3 266 Sweetwater 50 954 2,134 383 7 23 Virginia Gardens 432 136 49 9 0 1 West Miami 1,354 97 24 95 2 29 Unincorporated 43,903 82,335 128,070 71,322 1,678 22,045 TOTAL 159,378 198,076 219,324 184,689 8,836 63,856 Figure 12 illustrates the FEMA Flood Zones, also known as the FIRMs, which went into effect in 2009. These maps can be accessed via an interactive web tool at gisweb.miamidade.gov/floodzone. FEMA is conducting an update to the Miami -Dade County FEMA Flood Zones. Preliminary maps were published in February of 2021. As of December 2024, these maps are not yet effective. The preliminary maps may also be accessed via the interactive web tool previously referenced. September 2025 P5-1 Figure 13 illustrates the number of buildings that are within the Miami -Dade County FEMA Flood Zones AE and AH with clustered building counts with positions relative to their flood zone. These are based on 2024 data from the Miami -Dade County Property Appraiser. Figure 14 illustrates the number of buildings that are within the Miami -Dade County FEMA Flood Zones VE with clustered building counts with positions relative to their flood zone. These are based on 2024 data from the Miami -Dade County Property Appraiser. Figure 15 illustrates the number of buildings that are within all the Miami -Dade County FEMA Flood Zones with clustered building counts with positions relative to their flood zone. These are based on 2024 data from the Miami -Dade County Property Appraiser. Table 8 provides a breakdown of the number of buildings within the FEMA Flood Zones, by jurisdiction. September 2025 P5-34 Figure 12. Miami -Dade County FEMA Flood Zones (2009) HEALEAH r'- dARDENs' -- MEDLEY+ . MIAM14 PRII�FGy' VERGINIA 4GARDEN51 -. _At s Eslat NORTH IMAMS BEACH SAN HARBOR PARK II VANNDs IN lAN CREEK`V,ILLAGE NORTH BAYLAGE Municipality Q Mu11lcipallty III ENTAameradEuergenciPiatfiverif5rONN. Irdmmalul T P ogy [lepxb, t (1T)1 Date: 12/2f2024 18:48 AH Name; LMS_Cartals 4cde 6r 0.yd Kiwriblrwmmi70Urea September 2025 P5-35 Figure 13. Buildings by FEMA Flood Zones — AE and AH h SPRING: Miam 4 U^brai G: SOUTH. M IAMI Gleriva 141i: MlAMI� 51il7RESr t Little River _—`J Department of Enmv,.:y Management {DEHy info ellon. Tedu nloy4 DePottnrent (?rl'•j Date: /3/2024 I I:32 PM Name: LMS_IarWs 4n1w.i� A y":h�idye.cm«irli• yir. September 2025 P5-36 Figure 14. Buildings by FEMA Flood Zones — VE FEMA Flood Zone A ▪ AE ▪ AH VE x D OPIN WATER Municipality 1-7 Mwtdpality Total Buildings By Flood Zone VE IRtCkr We tea C erve DmeSt' HOMESTEAD MEDLEY6e ❑pA-LOCKA 44 EST MIAMI CORAL GABLES ca ' ` yn • SOUTH. MIAMI lenva ? PalmAlto Eastates t4 lJORTH MIAMI 6£ArH NOR'T,H h.MIA 6ISCAYNE 111AMt SNORES EL PORTAL PINE REST PALMETTO BAY 1 u,a 9 i 2 3 4 A§Ilea BBC GOLDEN f 9EACH drfORTH = AY1VILlLAG E SUNNY 1 ISMS, BEACH' MIAMI EACH ;�, artrnmr of En p,vn R Y Management (DE71)- Erifungnalgon T.edundayy L D .1rnunt (?rlr) a4e: 12131202411:32 PM Name: LNS_(arlals Snrw.ir Ay ":h�idye.cm«irli• 94, September 2025 P5-37 Figure 15. Buildings by FEMA Flood Zones FEMA Flood Zone A _ AE _ AH VC x D OPEN WATER Municipality MuniopaliLy Total Buildings Counts • .r r HII#t AH GARDENS tea 3 1414 ESTEAD FLORIDA 'Ca? MEDLEY, Nollat taIN OPA•LOCISA 5.M117 MVAMI 01.1ORE'h31' s El_ PORTA Mr& th 1MIAM1 SPRINGS �itraltanal "ma_ datl i rp�V PINECREST r -�Wia ,'a1rn1Rl Estates PALMETTO BAY CUTLER BAY 1 u,a 0 i 2 3 4 Mlles BEACH rtmOOt of to pnvo ManagemerlffD€71Y . ifun,.nxm. YechigloyY i) i, tint (l rlt) flab; 12J31292a 9:29AM Name; LMS Cartak 4itw.i� Ayrl r:ha _.v�ir4• yie. September 2025 P5-38 Table 8. Number of Buildings in FEMA Flood Zones for Each Jurisdiction (2024) Jurisdiction A AE AH D i, VE X Aventura 24,861 172 Bal Harbour 642 3,192 Bay Harbor 2,906 Biscayne Park 1,116 93 Coral Gables 2,977 1,414 65 16,097 Cutler Bay 8,902 2,009 4,343 Dora! 166 7,311 19,729 El Portal 10 111 755 Florida City 2 21 1,899 2,072 Golden Beach 269 136 Hialeah 4,478 21,569 40,678 Hialeah Gardens 139 429 5,895 Homestead 770 12,137 9,556 Indian Creek Village 51 20 Key Biscayne 7,298 Medley 9 456 1,159 City of Miami 51,416 7,084 3,864 84,868 Miami Beach 51,701 3,939 Miami Gardens 14,024 20,227 Miami Lakes 8,934 1,341 Miami Shores 843 24 3,277 Miami Springs 48 2,338 2,486 North Bay Village 3,659 North Miami 8,579 139 8,580 North Miami Beach 6,458 8,285 Opa-Locka 951 569 3,104 Palmetto Bay 4,802 44 3,857 Pinecrest 2,260 67 4,618 South Miami 1 825 3,977 Sunny Isles Beach 11,971 1 7,719 Surfside 1,562 1,767 Sweetwater 11 3,410 1,103 Virginia Gardens 132 592 West Miami 1,823 Unincorporated 921 53,113 113,619 1 100 217,268 TOTAL 923 233,368 164,534 1 4,172 438,347 September 2025 P5-39 Storm Surge Storm surge is the abnormal rise in ocean water during a tropical cyclone (tropical storm or hurricane), measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide. This is primarily caused by the storm's winds pushing water onshore. The amplitude of the storm surge at any given location depends on the orientation of the coastline with the storm's track, intensity, size, forward speed and the local bathymetry.33 Coastal areas are more likely to experience high velocity storm surge which can cause erosion and structural damage. Meanwhile, areas inland are more likely to experience rising water as storm surge pushes inland, and into canals and rivers. Storm surge is the greatest threat to life and property from a tropical cyclone. DEM utilizes the National Hurricane Center (NHC) Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model34 to estimate storm surge heights in Miami -Dade County. In order to assist Miami -Dade County residents to understand their risk to storm surge, DEM developed the Miami -Dade County Storm Surge Planning Zones. The Miami -Dade County Storm Surge Planning Zones are areas that could potentially be affected by storm surge of 1.5 feet (18 inches) or higher during a hurricane. Miami -Dade County utilizes a risk -based approach based on the direction, size, forward speed, and arrival at high or low tide, which play a crucial role in pinpointing where the storm surge for each storm is likely to impact. To identify Storm Surge Planning Zones, DEM analyses data from SLOSH's Maximum of Maximums (MOM) models which provides the worst -case scenario of high-water value at a particular location for each storm category. SLOSH MOMs are used nationwide for hurricane evacuation planning and to develop the nation's evacuation zones.35 Storm Surge Planning Zones are not evacuation zones and should be utilized for planning purposes by residents, visitors and stakeholders to determine their potential risk of storm surge. There are five (5) Storm Surge Planning Zones: Zone A — is at greatest risk for storm surge of Category 1 and higher storms Zone B — is at greatest risk for storm surge of Category 2 and higher storms Zone C — is at greatest risk for storm surge of Category 3 and higher storms Zone D — is at greatest risk for storm surge of Category 4 and higher storms Zone E — is at greatest risk for storm surge of Category 5 storms Figure 16 illustrates Miami -Dade County's Storm Surge Planning Zones map. Table 9 demonstrates the projected population 36 and clearance times based on revised evacuation modeling done by the South Florida Regional Planning Council (SFRPC) in 2020. The revised data is based on additional evacuation center locations and revised Storm Surge Planning Zones provided to SFRPC by DEM. The time reflected here is based on the SLOSH MOM data models and it projects a maximum timeframe based upon compliance with evacuation orders. 33 Ocean Facts, What is Storm Surge? (NOAA): https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/stormsurge- stormtide.html 34 NHC's SLOSH: https://vlab.noaa.gov/web/mdl/slosh 35 NHC SLOSH Storm Surge MOM: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/momOverview.php 36 2020 Population — Evacuation Clearance Times were revised in 2020 September 2025 P5-40 Figure 16. Storm Surge Planning Zones Map ao°s'aw so°sq•o.vv eu'4o~vfi 00'29•0"LV 80*1§•0 W 84>l' 0 SW g8T1i$ST Emergency Management ht[p:llwww.miamidade.goafoem Storm Surge Planning Zones A September 2025 P5-41 Table 9. South Florida Regional Evacuation Study — 2020 Base Scenario * Population In County Clearance tvrsj Out of County Clearance Times Fhcur°sJ SFte Bunt Homes r�r,ae�a4w eV•acua'.nni TC1{Jfl"as lvlcbfle Hamel Cumulative rinrfrraw universityTimes poe�recrrr A 559,639 1,138 37,902 5�99.050 23 23 El933.746 a 5 78t 1. 37,909 32 32 C 1,302,514 76,160 1.417,93237 37 ID 1,955,245 93,387 2,03t�,073 3 67 E 2,2 r7,842 102,955 2,440,577 77 77 *Clearance times from Base Scenario provided by SFRPC and FDEM on 2021. Figures 17 through 23 illustrate Miami -Dade County buildings by land use within the Storm Surge Planning Zones, their counts and relative locations. Tables 10 and 11 provide a breakdown of the building types and the total building area (square feet) for each building type within the Storm Surge Planning Zones in each jurisdiction. September 2025 P5-42 Figure 17. Buildings by Land Use Within Storm Surge Planning Zones — Residential Storm Surge Nanning Zones Zone Residential Sum BUILDING_COUNT Law ei High N�5 Mrtime r,Srrrlelmnin --; artmea of Cr] peeyea.y Management (OEM), :.,runnalion Thchnolao [)erraetInunt (3ttr) Date: 12£30/202a B:S b1 Name: IS Stoireri n L.1 September 2025 P5-43 Figure 18. Buildings by Land Use Within Storm Surge Planning Zones — Commercial Storm Surge Nanning Zones Zone --L.21 A E Commercial • Sum BUILDING_COUNT • Low High Tainta tr • eAdi Cnuntry Club ttnanh 4NA Ifigny Minni Hialeah Gardens 2ga 0 KeildaP 585 1429 Hialeah ME31,1, Spring 1iim 1221 1959 ,74771,74 01, s •,‘ 2214 4577 518 Sr" ▪ ,101,11mak 2650 RED Departrngnt Crnemgency Mana9errterIr DEN TO-h°010.0 alWtrnunt ru) Dote: 12/30/2024 PM Name; lfrIS_StormSo qe tork,L. September 2025 P5-44 Figure 19. Buildings by Land Use Within Storm Surge Planning Zones — Agricultural Storm Surge Nanning Zones Zone -L.21 A E Commercial • Sum BUILDING_COUNT • Low High ,74771,74 RED Departmgnt Crnemgency Mana9errtenr irTr'n.4" TO-h°0100 alWtrnunt rtr, Date: 12/30/2024 10 Name; LMS_StoSLne tork,L. ApIKFra ie. September 2025 P5-45 Figure 20. Buildings by Land Use Within Storm Surge Planning Zones — Governmental Storm Surge Planning Zones Zone E Government Sum BUILDING_COUNT • Low 0 High J� Departmrox of Co 'Eno iCyr Manauemenf (DEH infum.,drx:n'fahnMaap unwxux_rit Mt)) D. 12130f2025 9:19 PM Name: 11.19_StorenSwge September 2025 P5-46 Figure 21. Buildings by Land Use Within Storm Surge Planning Zones — Industrial Storm Surge Planning Zones zone 1M A B Industrial Sum BUILDING_COUNT • LON, FIijh Country Ckit, Ala Leah TED Oepartroo4o of ,,.ivroity Managornoor OEM) leforautt. Nate: 12/SO.Q02,1 7:5.3 Nam: LMS StOrMSor, September 2025 P5-47 Figure 22. Buildings by Land Use Within Storm Surge Planning Zones — Institutional Storm Surge Nanning Zones Zone -Lq A E Institutional Sum BUILDING_COUNT • ow H -71:777' RED Departmgnt Crnemgency Mana9errtenr TO-h°010.0 alWtrnunt rtr, Date: 12/30/2021 8;10 A6.1 Name; LMS_StoSLne tork,L. ApIKFra ie. September 2025 P5-48 Figure 23. Buildings by Land Use Within Storm Surge Planning Zones — Other Storm Surge Planning Zones Zone A r E Other Sum BUILDING_COUNT Low High Hia leHh Gm:dons 7 -71:777' RED Departmgnt Crnemgency Mana9errtenr rkle TO-h°010.0 alWtrnunt Date: 12/30/2021 8;10 A6.1 Name; L.161.5,_StormiSoqe tork-it. ApIKFra ie. September 2025 P5-49 Table 10. Commercial and Industrial Facilities Within Storm Surge Planning Zones for Each Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Commercial Number of uildings Total Area (sq. ft.) 13,166,691 Industrial Number of Buildings 8 Total Area (sq. ft.) 298,475 Aventura 550 Bal Harbour 394 1,658,633 0 0 Bay Harbor Islands 103 664,325 0 0 Biscayne Park 0 0 0 0 Coral Gables 1,716 19,156,832 6 62,410 Cutler Bay 131 3,393,809 1 4,000 Dora! 1,507 19,787,275 2,048 39,414,451 El Portal 11 41,253 1 35,777 Florida City 185 2,202,110 49 712,168 Golden Beach 0 0 0 Hialeah 1,852 16,622,321 2,769 30,994,183 Hialeah Gardens 111 2,055,372 384 4,089,026 Homestead 640 5,110,437 204 1,374,518 Indian Creek Village 10 95,934 0 0 Key Biscayne 348 1,085,372 0 0 Medley 99 1,011,881 904 23,520,187 City of Miami 10,245 95,632,026 1,373 16,385,958 Miami Beach 6,352 30,988,354 15 217,650 Miami Gardens 437 7,693,989 515 12,507,800 Miami Lakes 456 4,605,825 174 6,487,657 Miami Shores 81 697,032 0 0 Miami Springs 191 2,624,973 9 93,150 North Bay Village 75 401,248 1 106,944 North Miami 688 5,462,042 124 2,358,690 North Miami Beach 556 5,273,613 74 990,693 Opa-Locka 219 831,091 680 7,900,011 Palmetto Bay 277 2,990,799 1 56,131 Pinecrest 159 2,157,620 6 16,211 South Miami 647 3,889,185 28 144,236 Sunny Isles Beach 2,299 3,307,366 1 56,279 Surfside 149 1,283,622 0 0 Sweetwater 620 3,966,773 363 3,009,111 Virginia Gardens 24 661,551 2 125,007 West Miami 100 520,240 2 10,935 Unincorporated 7,644 84,231,171 8,533 101,198,244 TOTAL 38,876 343,270,765 18,275 211,642,621 September 2025 P5-50 Table 11. Residential and Other Structures Within Storm Surge Planning Zones for Each Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Residential Other Number of Buildings Structures Total Area (sq. ft.) Number of Buildings Total Area (sq. ft.) Aventura 24,433 40,077,779 46 2,646,134 Bal Harbour 3,530 7,817,227 6 1,055,206 Bay Harbor Islands 2,641 4,632,700 5 266,242 Biscayne Park 1,207 2,216,422 7 27,556 Coral Gables 18,398 48,645,372 311 9,395,643 Cutler Bay 15,148 30,666,505 121 1,614,728 Dora! 21,299 47,644,906 140 4,482,052 El Portal 873 1,476,122 5 145,101 Florida City 2,327 4,751,097 163 964,999 Golden Beach 399 2,040,313 4 9,889 Hialeah 60,419 90,114,157 639 10,919,937 Hialeah Gardens 5,889 8,753,126 39 1,328,179 Homestead 19,707 37,785,681 317 3,917,077 Indian Creek Village 59 454,161 2 5,339 Key Biscayne 6,935 15,103,642 30 406,138 Medley 109 113,811 17 197,432 City of Miami 130,661 224,452,107 2,480 53,518,521 Miami Beach 49,646 72,803,391 278 8,420,819 Miami Gardens 32,598 53,622,580 449 7,433,666 Miami Lakes 9,546 22,226,808 86 1,277,680 Miami Shores 4,025 8,290,366 77 1,526,834 Miami Springs 4,691 8,697,842 85 947,992 North Bay Village 3,795 5,602,394 12 150,652 North Miami 16,293 29,148,481 319 4,152,616 North Miami Beach 13,903 21,866,386 145 1,966,375 Opa-Locka 3,378 6,108,934 222 4,904,946 Palmetto Bay 8,432 24,606,134 110 1,239,733 Pinecrest 6,674 24,438,701 76 1,206,556 South Miami 4.035 9,082,609 88 1,809,346 Sunny Isles Beach 16,347 27,511,257 33 1,122,319 Surfside 3,436 6,418,520 11 149,856 Sweetwater 3,585 6,441,572 35 1,035,351 Virginia Gardens 693 1,135,994 10 159,642 West Miami 1,715 4,015,137 18 215,623 Unincorporated 351,510 653,757,837 4,986 70,345,434 TOTAL 844,305 1,552,520,071 11,372 198,965,613 September 2025 P5-51 Climate Change and Sea Level Rise There are a number of factors influencing sea level rise; such as, thermal expansion as a result of increasing sea surface temperatures and the melting of land ice due to the Earth's increase average of surface temperatures. Miami -Dade County is in a geographical area surrounded by major bodies of water — the Atlantic Ocean, Biscayne Bay, and rivers, lakes and canals. Figure 24 illustrates the anticipated range of sea level rise for Southeast Florida from 2000 to 2120. The graph and table demonstrate the projected rise of sea level above the 2000 mean sea level by 2040 (short term), by 2070 (medium term) and by 2120 (long term). These projections are intended to assist local and regional decision -makers to plan and make decisions about sea level rise and associated vulnerabilities.37 Impacts associated to sea level rise in Miami -Dade County include: • Coastal erosion • Exacerbated storm surge • Increased frequency of coastal flooding (i.e. tidal flooding) • Urban flooding • Saltwater intrusion • Infrastructure impacts Figure 24. Regional Unified Sea Level Rise Projections for Southeast Florida (2019) 200 a 180 w 4-4 N .5 160 140 ae 120 qr rraa 100 i ii w ® 80 a +, n'— 60 a; m 40 0 y _C 20 0 Unified Sea Level Rise Projection (southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact, 2019) Year IPCC Median (inches) NOAA Intermediate NOAA High High (inches) (inches) .. _ 2040 10 17 21 2070 21 .40 54 2120 40 92 136 Observed 5-Year Average Mean Sea Level 50 Year Planning Hnri7on .411111•- 17 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Year 64. 54 4 2 175 NOAA Extreme eirp 1•6 NOAA High 42 NOAA ntermediate High 40 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120 IPCC Median 37 Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact, Unified Sea Level Rise Projection Southeast Florida (2019 Update): https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/initiative/regionally-unified-sea-level-rise- prolection/ September 2025 P5-52 In July 2013, the BCC implemented the Sea Level Rise Task Force to explore the implications of sea level rise on Miami -Dade County's environment, economy, communities and policies. The Sea Level Rise Task Force presented seven (7) recommendations to the BCC which became six (6) resolutions and were passed unanimously in January 2015. Subsequently, RER's Office of Sustainability became the Office of Resilience.38 In 2025, the Office of Resilience became the Office of Environmental Risk and Resilience. This office continues to work on strengthening the County's infrastructure, plan for more resilient communities, enhance natural protections and promote economic resilience through policies and task forces. Further details on Miami -Dade County's efforts to identify and develop mitigation and adaptation strategies to prepare for sea level rise, go to: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/economy/resilience/sea-level-rise- floodinq.page. Miami -Dade County has incorporated climate change and sea level rise in a number of planning efforts through mitigation and adaptation. • Miami -Dade County Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP) incorporated climate change considerations and language in several of the CDMP Elements in October 2013. This implementation will form a foundation for Miami -Dade County to incorporate these considerations into existing capital investments and infrastructure planning processes. • In 2010, Miami -Dade County partnered with Broward, Monroe and Palm Beach Counties to form the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact to coordinate mitigation and adaptation efforts for the region. • Resilient Greater Miami & the Beaches (GM&B), a collaboration between Miami -Dade County, City of Miami, and Miami Beach was selected to join 100 Resilient Cities in 2016. A local multi -jurisdictional partnership to create an inclusive resilience strategy. • In 2019, GM&B released the Resilient305 Strategy, a living document that addresses resilience challenges prioritized through intergovernmental and community collaboration.39 • In 2021, Miami -Dade County published its first Sea Level Rise Strategy outlining adaptation approaches, key actions, summary of impacts, and local and regional projects addressing increased flood risk. Figure 17 illustrates the potential impacts of sea level rise in Miami -Dade County. This map was developed utilizing data collected for the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. 38 Miami -Dade County Sea Level Rise Report Executive Summary: https://www.miamidade.dov/preen/library/sea-level-rise-executive-summary.pdf 39 Resilient305 Strategy: https://resilient305.com/our-future/ September 2025 P5-53 Figure 25. Potential Sea Level Rise Impacts in Miami -Dade County 2 80 30'0" 80°20'0'W 80°t0'ONV Date: 6/18/2019 g Legend MD50_0ftsLR Extent NZ MD50_1ftSLR_Exte nt_NZ M D5 0_2ftSLR_E xte nt_NZ MD50_3ftSLR_Extent NZ 0 2 4 8 Mies HIM* Emergency Management http://www.miarnidade.movioem Soheila.alabshir(r miamidade.gov o.n 30'17,IN 80°20'0'W 80°10`0'1N September 2025 P5-54 REPETITIVE LOSSES For CRS purposes, a repetitive loss property is an insurable structure which has had two (2) or more claims of more than $1,000 paid by NFIP within a ten-year period, since 1978. A Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) property is an NFIP-insured residential structure that meets at least one (1) of the following criteria since 1978, as defined under the Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004: • 1-4 family properties that had four (4) or more separate claims of more than $5,000 each; or • Two (2) to three (3) claims that cumulatively exceeds the market value of the building Non-residential structures that meet the same criteria as for 1-4 family properties are considered SRL properties, for CRS purposes.4° At least two (2) of the reference claims must have occurred within any ten-year period and must be greater than 10 days apart. Therefore, multiple losses in the same location, within ten days of each other, are counted as one (1) with the payment amounts added together. Repetitive loss designation remains with a structure regardless of ownership changes. Additionally, the designation remains in the community's list even if the insurance policy lapsed, has been terminated or the structure's risk has been mitigated.41,42 A repetitive loss area is a portion(s) of a community that includes buildings on FEMA's list of repetitive losses and also any nearby properties that are subject to the same or similar flooding conditions.43 In Miami -Dade County, mitigation activities in repetitive loss areas are prioritized based on the number of claims placed in each neighborhood. Additionally, drainage capital improvement projects are prioritized in areas with most repetitive losses, flood complaints and low-lying areas with flood protection levels of service below the threshold identified in the CDMP. Figure 26 and 27 illustrates the Repetitive Loss Areas and Severe Repetitive Loss Areas within Miami -Dade County through clusters of their count and approximate locations. In order to participate in the CRS Program, a jurisdiction must maintain and update its repetitive loss data. This data will assist a jurisdiction to better identify its repetitive flood problems and appropriate mitigation measures. FEMA produces a list of repetitive loss properties for communities that participate in the CRS Program, on a yearly basis and a jurisdiction can obtain it by contacting the ISO/CRS Specialist for the State of Florida. However, communities are required to provide updates to their ISO/CRS Specialist when preparing for a repetitive loss area analysis. The State ISO/CRS Specialist contact information can be obtained via the following link: https://crsresources.org/100-2. 40 2017 CRS Coordinator's Manual: https://crsresources.orq/manual/ 41 Developing a Repetitive Loss Area Analysis for Credit Under Activity 510 (Floodplain Management Planning) for the Community Rating System (2017): https://crsresources.oro/files/500/rlaa-guide-2017.pdf 42 FEMA Guidance for Severe Repetitive Loss Properties: https://www.fema.qov/pdf/nfip/manua1201205/content/20 srl.pdf 43 Mapping Repetitive Loss Areas for CRS Handout: https://crsresources.orq/files/500/mapping repetitive Toss areas.pdf September 2025 P5-55 Figure 26. Miami -Dade County Repetitive Loss (FEMA) Areas SO JTH laid PJNECREST FL RCA-7 CITY A [l Miami Dade Repetitive Loss FMA Features Clusters Paint Count • 2 @12 D rrw�a..�ee,En= (OWEIM] �r kf,ICO dam:W d..�Y.....d.df rims 111n•Loa.M x2. September 2025 P5-56 Figure 27. Miami -Dade County Severe Repetitive Loss (FEMA) Areas Miramar ,„ m . tt! t•il . -ii• NAM GARDENS 1 r , Nil NM D /L, L— MIMII I AKIS criS MFDFY • ()ORL ,-- 04 1 SWEETWATER .; • ' 1 r. 0 ililm-tropter -1-11*-81, di .. 4 el , 4 i ir• 41111 1 a N Svo 51th 4gF # tn-- svy 45nraithet - i 0 3Ild elh S1 Itli) ‘4'7.4 Pin sw 120.0, ecre SW 152m1S, 410 Palmer/di SW 23 2110 St shv N2SAMStm 0 sV. .r SW 2let St ri;• z HOKSTEAD City 111A.C11Y,1 6 21 7 1 3 19 11 PA -LOC?, c_rd. 1,10FM+114Phit 31111111111.102 8 3 4 4 CORAL GABL FS • IHMI PIN ECREST 13 3 G 10 3 2 22 RF ,IP 3 Vi a dale unny Isles S atv, •-r H rbor 5 ,4111 4 11 4 till 8 eac h aiscayi A Miami Dade Severe Repetitive Lois FAA Feel -INN • 'Ousters Po Int Count • 2 iscalm6 Na Monad Pail 0 1 2 4 Miles gan Ompmemommm,AmmymrealliM Ininmaftml=6,01.11.4.1,,..4PC Nwl.04.11241OrrwrieLdm.w lawnemoilmmlwilmanitham.re basiqqAA September 2025 P5-57 Table 12. 2024 Totals Repetitive Loss (RL) Properties by Land Use Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Other Aventura 20 9 0 0 Bal Harbour 1 3 0 0 Bay Harbor Islands 5 1 0 0 Biscayne Park 9 0 0 0 Coral Gables 45 1 0 1 Cutler Bay 45 0 0 0 Dora! 36 9 57 0 El Portal 6 0 0 0 Florida City 51 1 0 1 Golden Beach 8 0 0 0 Hialeah 220 11 7 0 Hialeah Gardens 29 2 13 0 Homestead 34 4 0 1 Key Biscayne 30 3 0 0 Medley 1 34 0 0 Miami 209 29 2 3 Miami Beach 96 23 0 1 Miami Gardens 35 0 0 0 Miami Lakes 6 0 1 0 Miami Shores 14 1 0 0 Miami Springs 84 3 0 0 North Bay Village 13 0 0 0 North Miami 53 3 0 0 North Miami Beach 15 1 0 1 Opa-Locka 9 4 3 0 Palmetto Bay 16 1 0 0 Pinecrest 16 4 0 0 South Miami 8 1 0 1 Sunny Isles Beach 12 0 0 0 Surfside 3 2 0 0 Sweetwater 91 1 1 0 Unincorporated Miami -Dade 652 16 40 6 Virginia Gardens 11 0 0 0 West Miami 17 0 0 0 September 2025 P5-58 Table 13. 2024 Totals Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) Properties by Land Use Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Other Aventura 5 1 0 0 Bal Harbour 0 0 0 0 Bay Harbor Islands 0 0 0 0 Biscayne Park 0 0 0 0 Coral Gables 7 0 0 0 Cutler Bay 4 0 0 0 Dora! 2 3 14 0 El Portal 0 0 0 0 Florida City 3 0 0 0 Golden Beach 1 0 0 0 Hialeah 8 1 1 0 Hialeah Gardens 2 2 4 0 Homestead 1 0 0 0 Key Biscayne 8 0 0 0 Medley 0 6 0 0 Miami 24 5 0 1 Miami Beach 12 6 0 0 Miami Gardens 1 0 0 0 Miami Lakes 1 0 0 0 Miami Shores 14 1 0 0 Miami Springs 84 3 0 0 North Bay Village 13 0 0 0 North Miami 9 1 0 0 North Miami Beach 0 0 0 0 Opa-Locka 0 0 0 0 Palmetto Bay 0 1 0 0 Pinecrest 2 0 0 0 South Miami 0 0 0 1 Sunny Isles Beach 2 0 0 0 Surfside 0 0 0 0 Sweetwater 1 0 1 0 Unincorporated Miami -Dade 49 5 9 1 Virginia Gardens 2 0 0 0 West Miami 4 0 0 0 September 2025 P5-59 FLOOD THREAT RECOGNITION SYSTEM" Miami -Dade DEM relies on automated flood warning systems that provide early notice of a flood for all locations within Miami -Dade County. Systems are able to provide flood warnings 24-hours a day, seven (7) days a week. These flood warning systems provide information such as timing and potential of an oncoming flood for the County. Miami -Dade County uses a series of different systems operated by NWS, DTPW, SFWMD, and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). As stated previously in this Plan, the SLOSH models are utilized for coastal areas and Miami - Dade DEM utilized SLOSH MOM models to develop the County's Storm Surge Planning Zones. These zones indicate areas that are potentially at risk for storm surge and may be designated as evacuation areas. Miami -Dade County utilizes the following flood warning systems to monitor rainfall amounts and receive flood warnings on a daily basis. National Weather Service (NWS) Miami/South Florida Weather Forecast Office Miami -Dade DEM receives flood, flash flood, and urban and small stream watches and warnings from the NWS Office via e-mail, phone, text, and the Emergency Management Network (EMNet), during significant weather events that may result in flooding throughout the County. Weekly webinars are scheduled by NWS for weather briefings to Miami -Dade DEM and Municipal partners. Additional weather briefings are added in the event that a significant rain event is forecast or ongoing. Miami -Dade Department of Transportation and Public Works (DTPW) DTPW maintains a number of rain gauges throughout Miami -Dade County that collect breakpoint and rain total information over a 24-hour period. This data allows Miami -Dade County and its municipalities to track and identify the areas with the most significant rainfall, in real-time. South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) SFWMD tracks rainfall and canal stage data in real-time. This real-time data is considered provisional until it undergoes the SFWMD's Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) process and subsequently posted on DBHYDRO as "Archived." DBHYDRO is SFWMD's corporate environmental database that stores hydrologic, meteorological, hydrogeological and water quality data. The provisional (real-time) data is available via the following link: www.sfwmd.gov/portal/page/portal/levelthree/live%20data. United States Geological Survey (USGS) USGS has WaterWatch, a website that displays maps, graphs, and tables describing real-time, recent and past stream conditions. Florida lnteroperable Picture Processing for Emergency Response (FLIPPER) This is a geographic information system (GIS) map -based platform. Through FLIPPER, the County and its municipalities can assess the risk of their facilities from potential storm surge, determine overall elevation of the land surrounding their facilities and determine the proximity to canal structures and which drainage basin they are in. FLIPPER has a number of integrated data layers including, but not limited to the following: as CRS Activity 610 (Flood Warning and Response) Element — Flood Threat Recognition System September 2025 P5-60 • Hydrology (canal structures, canal by type, canal maintained by, primary canal basing, ground elevation) • FEMA Flood Zone (to the parcel level) • Storm Surge Planning Zones • Active Hurricane Information • Live Weather Radar September 2025 P5-61 Determination of a Significant Rain Event Communities can utilize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hydrometeorological Design Studies Center's Precipitation Frequency Data Server (PFDS) to determine if a particular incident should be considered a significant event. The PFDS is a point - and -click web portal for precipitation frequency estimates and supplementary products. The web portal can be accessed via the following link: hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/pfds map cont.html?bkmrk=fl. After a location is selected, the precipitation frequency (PF) and confidence limits estimates are displayed in different formats (i.e. tables and graphs). 45 Figure 21 illustrates the PF in a table format (PF Tabular) for the Miami International Airport station. The numbers in parenthesis are the PF estimates at the lower and upper bounds of the 90% confidence interval. However, there is a 5% probability that the PF estimates will be greater than the upper bound or less than the lower bound. Figure 28. Significant Rain Event Chart NOAA Atlas 14. Volume 9, Version 2 MIAMI INTL AP Station 10: 06.5663 Location name: Miami. Florida, USA' Latitude: 25.7906°, Longitude:-80.3154' Elevation: Elevation (station metaliatal. 29 fit' source• 25n1 Maps yp1R@ 450S POINT PRECIPITATION FREQUENCY ESTIMATES San14 Pur,,:n 0pxve5 1,12,..S.,..mar,Partcrac. iLwn Roy 1.11ov ,; ^;, ;.,.,n„ i .-,srii Trypol0,. Pain 1Jlm,1, r11eaa0L Yen. Oeoffer7Bum.,r NOAA Nalwnal 11pa16et Sero o. 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(4005] N.sbOs en Ottr43 914,1 ere PF a1:l,1110515 at 10wa4 WO. pone 1aurM`f of Um 90,6 col I,tMr6ar rnterlol the prpperarty tll5l 01(pG,p,l4lgn l,54.45 45y 056016166 (or a raven 0umlgn mM aN1re98 490141ence 1nlane41) arts he 9l5ater Iner he l4me1 Lp15p ow 1055. 91e11 the Lower 59560) 4 545 669m8tes al upper 4owa15 era riot19i641o@6 65sin51 prc6861a mollnlwn pre�roilelon 4IN.IPI 60,06106 arlo may 6e higher Men gwrently 1®110 KIP 505105 9Te0ee rater 10 663AAP.MISS 14 40ixene1111ox more ollomla5odr 45 Section 5 of the NOAA Atlas 14: https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/hdsc documents/NA14 Sec5 PFDS.pdf September 2025 P5-62 MIAMI-DADE COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN" Miami -Dade County Regulatory and Economic Resources Department (RER) — Planning Bureau Division provides services related to sound growth management, historic preservation, urban planning, sustainability planning, and transportation development through the Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP) and related activities. The CDMP provides general objectives and policies that address the where and how Miami -Dade County will approach the development or conservation of land and natural resources during the next 10-20 years. Furthermore, it addresses the delivery of County services to accomplish the Plan's objectives. Miami -Dade County is comprised of approximately 2,000 square miles of land and over 420 square miles have been developed for urban use. The CDM P establishes the broad parameters for government to conduct detailed land use planning and zoning activities, functional planning and programming of infrastructure and services. Additionally, it establishes minimum standards, or Level of Service (LOS) standards for the delivery of certain County services and facilities including roadways/traffic, mass transit, parks, water, sewer, solid waste, and drainage. The CDMP establishes a growth policy that encourages development: 1. At a rate commensurate with projected population and economic growth 2. In a contiguous pattern centered around a network of high -intensity urban centers well- connected by multi -modal intra-urban transportation facilities 3. In locations which optimize efficiency in public service delivery and conservation of valuable natural resources CDMP Elements Chapter 163 of the Florida Statutes requires each local government to adopt a comprehensive plan and sets the minimum criteria including the identification of the required elements of a comprehensive plan. The Miami -Dade County CDMP is comprised of 12 Elements preceded by a Statement of Legislative Intent. The first nine (9) elements listed below, are required by Chapter 163 and the remaining Elements are optional and included in the CDMP at the discretion of the County. Statement of Legislative Intent Land Use Element II. Transportation Element III. Housing Element IV. Conversation, Aquifer Recharge and Drainage Element V. Water, Sewer and Solid Waste Element VI. Recreation and Open Space Element VII. Coastal Management Element VIII. Intergovernmental Coordination Element IX. Capital Improvements Element X. Educational Element XI. Economic Element XII. Community Health and Design Element XIII. Property Rights Element 46 CDMP - TOC, Introduction & Statement of Legislative Intent (2020): https://www.miamidade.gov/planning/library/reports/planning-documents/cdmp/table-of-contents.pdf September 2025 P5-63 The documents for the aforementioned CDMP Elements can be accessed via the following link: miamidade.gov/planning/cdmp-adopted.asp. A major review and update of the CDMP is done every seven (7) years, a process known as the Evaluation Appraisal Report (EAR). The EAR includes an evaluation of the County's progress in implementing goals, objectives, policies, maps and text to the CDMP. It also recommends changes. There is also a tri-annual CDMP amendment process for periodic review of the development capacity of the urban area. Each CDMP Element contains Adopted Components and Support Components that have not been adopted, but provide background information. The current report only contains the CDMP components that have been adopted as a County policy. The Support Components are contained in separate documents. The Support Components and the EARs include background data and analyses, inventories of existing conditions, methodology projections or other estimates of future conditions, and summaries of applicable state, regional and preexisting County plan policies. The CDMP addresses Unincorporated Miami -Dade and the 34 municipalities. However, Chapter 163 of the Florida Statutes, requires each Municipality to adopt their own plans for areas within their jurisdictions. Further details and additional CDMP documents can be accessed via the following link: miamidade.gov/planning/cdmp.asp. CRITICAL FACILITIES PLANNING47 The critical facilities inventory is managed by Miami -Dade DEM and Miami -Dade Information Technology Department. The facilities included in this inventory have been deemed critical by the state and federal government. This is updated annually. The list cannot be made public due to the sensitive information it contains. However, the list can be provided to the ISO/CRS Specialist by Miami -Dade DEM upon request. The list of critical facilities includes the phone number(s) of the operators for all public and private critical facilities affected by flooding. Warning and notifications to these facilities are facilitated by the DEM distribution lists for all response and recovery agencies and organizations. Therefore, they receive all emergency information and distribute to their organizations and jurisdictions through their own processes. 47 CRS Activity 610 (Flood Warning and Response) Element — Critical Facilities Planning September 2025 P5-64 FLOOD PUBLIC INFORMATION ACTIVITIES Flood protection information, at the local level, is readily available online to assist Miami -Dade County residents to understand their residence's flood risk. The flood protection webpage is maintained regularly by Miami -Dade RER and it can be accessed via the following link: www.miamidade.gov/environment/flood-protection.asp. Miami -Dade RER includes information on the following: • Elevation Certificates • Flood & Drainage Complaints • Flood Insurance • Flood Zone Maps • Property Sale Disclosure • How to protect your property • Stormwater Utility • Water Control Map and County Flood Criteria Update FEMA Flood Zones The FEMA Flood Maps can be accessed on Miami -Dade RER's webpage, via the Environment tab through the Flood Protection tab. Miami -Dade County has an interactive web tool for the Flood Zone Maps, where homeowners can enter their address for more detailed information on their Special Flood Hazard Areas or flood zones. Once the property address is entered, it will zoom to the location on the map and display an information panel to the right side of the screen. The user is able to view the elevation of each FEMA Flood Zone within the address entered and the appropriate contact information for the Municipality is provided. The FEMA Flood Zone Maps interactive web tool is available via the following link: gisweb.miamidade.gov/floodzone. Property Sale Disclosure The Miami -Dade County Code requires that any purchase of improved real estate in a Special Flood Hazard or Coastal High Hazard Area (also known as Flood Zones) include a full disclosure to the buyer stating that the property lies in either of the aforementioned zones. If the structure is substantially damaged or improved, it may be required to be raised to the current required flood elevation. The seller of any improved real estate located in Unincorporated Miami -Dade County shall include in the contract, or a rider to the contract, the following disclosure in a bold font no less than a 10- point font size: "THIS HOME OR STRUCTURE IS LOCATED IN A SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA. IF THIS HOME OR STRUCTURE IS BELOW THE APPLICABLE FLOOD ELEVATION LEVEL AND IS SUBSTANTIALLY DAMAGED OR SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED, AS DEFINED IN CHAPTER 11C OF THE METROPOLITAN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY CODE, IT MAY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, BE REQUIRED TO BE RAISED TO THE APPLICABLE FLOOD ELEVATION LEVEL." The Unincorporated Miami -Dade County Flood Zone Disclosure Form can be accessed via the following link: miamidade.gov/environment/library/forms/flood-disclosure.pdf. For further details, please refer to Chapter 11-C of the Code of Miami -Dade County. September 2025 P5-65 COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS Increasing the community's flood preparedness and awareness is achieved through different avenues, such as, public education, the countywide distribution of the official Hurricane Readiness Guide, social media, and community outreach events throughout the year. In addition to Miami -Dade County's efforts, municipalities conduct their own, or in partnership with the County, public information and community outreach activities to promote flood education, preparedness and mitigation. Miami -Dade County Hurricane Webpage The Miami -Dade County official hurricane preparedness webpage includes information for every resident to be aware of before, during and after a hurricane or any other emergency. Emergency planning information included on the webpage includes the following: • Emergency Kits and Checklists • Emergency Evacuation • Evacuation Assistance for residents with accessibility issues • Pet Preparedness • Hurricane Readiness Guide • Tree Preparation prior to the hurricane season • Shelter -in -Place • Storm Surge Planning Zones • And more The hurricane preparedness webpage can be accessed via the following link: miamidade.gov/hurricane. Know Your Zone Miami -Dade County residents are encouraged to know if their residence is within a Storm Surge Planning Zone prior to a storm making landfall. The Storm Surge Planning Zone section of the County's hurricane webpage provides information on storm surge's threat to life and property, a description of each of the planning zones, and an FAQ in English, Spanish and Haitian Creole. Additionally, residents can locate if their home or business is within a Planning Zone by entering the address into the Storm Surge Planning Zone Finder (Know Your Zone application). The Know Your Zone application can be accessed via the following link: https://mdc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=4919c85a439f40c68d7b3c81 c 3f44b58. StormReady Community48 NWS created the StormReady® Program to encourage communities to take a proactive approach on improvising hazardous weather operations and strengthen local safety programs. To receive this recognition the County or Municipality must establish a 24-hour warning point and Emergency Operations Center, have more than one way to receive severe weather warning and forecasts to alert citizens, have a system that monitors weather conditions locally, promote public readiness, and develop a formal hazardous weather plan. 48 CRS Activity 610 (Flood Warning and Response) Element — StormReady Community September 2025 P5-66 Miami -Dade County has been a StormReady® Community since 2002 and was awarded this status again in September 2019. Other StormReady® Communities in Miami -Dade County include Doral, Homestead, Miami Beach, North Miami, Florida International University, Miami - Dade College, St. Thomas University and University of Miami. #HurricaneStrong #HurricaneStrong is part of the National Hurricane Resilience Initiative created in 2016 to improve hurricane preparedness, mitigation, and overall readiness through increased public awareness and engagement. The initiative consists of a partnership between FEMA, NOAA, The Weather Channel and the Federal Alliance for Safe Homes (FLASH), which is the country's leading consumer advocate for strengthening homes and safeguarding families from natural and manmade disasters. The #HurricaneStrong initiative follows five (5) key messages to promote and elevate hurricane resilience: • Personal safety • Family Preparedness • Financial Security • Damage Prevention • Community Service In May 2018, Miami -Dade County was selected as the second County in the nation to receive this designation of a #HurricaneStrong community. This was a result of the County's profound commitment to a more resilient community by continuously improving the County's ability to recover after a disaster. Weather -Ready Nation Ambassador The Weather -Ready Nation (WRN) Ambassador is NOAA's initiative to strengthen partnerships with local, state, federal and private organizations toward building a more resilient community in the face of increasing vulnerability to extreme weather events. WRN Ambassadors will promote and encourage preparedness and mitigation activities by encouraging the community to be "weather -ready" and promoting Weather -Ready Nation key messages through outreach activities. The Miami -Dade LMS and DEM were named WRN Ambassadors on October 2014 and March 2016, respectively. September 2025 P5-67 Ready MDC App Ready Miami -Dade County (ReadyMDC) is a free local hurricane preparedness and decision - making support mobile application available to Miami -Dade County residents and visitors. ReadyMDC provides users with access to various local preparedness resources and materials, such as the Miami -Dade County Hurricane Readiness Guide and Storm Surge Planning Zones online education page. Real-time information is available before, during and after a storm or hurricane. Information includes: • Evacuation Order • Emergency Evacuation Bus Pick -Up Sites • Know Your Zone • Open Evacuation Centers • Important Evacuation Information • Direct Contact with Miami -Dade County's 311 Contact Center • Safety Tips • Phone numbers, websites and social media The Ready MDC App provides real-time information relevant to recovery relief efforts. This application is available for Android and iOS devices. Miami -Dade Alerts Miami -Dade Alerts is a free service that enables County residents and visitors to receive emergency texts and/or emails regarding public safety issues, recommended public protected actions, or other emergency information. Additionally, this service provides weather advisory notifications issued by NWS (e.g. tornado, tropical storm and hurricane warnings) or any other emergency which may require protective actions. Residents and visitors who live or work in Miami -Dade County can register for this service online at miamidade.gov/alerts. Social Media A large number of the population utilizes social media as a source of news and information. Therefore, Miami -Dade DEM manages social media government pages on Facebook and X (formely Twitter). DEM provides information on regionally adopted preparedness messages, informs the public on events being monitored (emerging or occurring), and provides insight on DEM programmatic areas. Facebook.com/MiamiDadeCountyEM X.com/MiamiDadeEM Table 15 outlines several community outreach activities performed by different Miami -Dade County agencies throughout the year. Additionally, please refer to Appendix A for samples of the public information materials provided. September 2025 P5-68 AAA AA -uaao cn.Rey Table 15. Community Outreach Activities Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Activity Frequency Topics/Actions Audience RER's Do You Know Your Flood Zone? Brochure Mailout Annual The brochure is mailed out via the Stormwater Utility Bill and it is available online. The topics included in the brochure include: • General Flood Information • FEMA Flood Zone Maps • Flood Protection • Flood Insurance • Elevation Certificates • Building Permit Requirement(s) • Repetitive Losses Over 43,000 Households (mailed) Countywide (online) Flood Protection on RER's Website www.miamidade.gov/environment/fl Continuous The webpage is updated regularly with the most current information on the following topics: • Elevation Certificates • Repetitive Losses • Flood and Drainage Complaints Form • Flood Insurance • Flood Zone Maps/Flood Risk Maps • Coastal Flooding • Real Estate and Insurance Agents • Property Sale Disclosure • Protect Your Property • Stormwater Utility Countywide ood-protection.asp Miami -Dade County Official Hurricane Readiness Guide Annual The official Hurricane Readiness Guide contains important information for every resident to be aware of before, during and after a hurricane or any other emergency. The Guide includes information on the Storm Surge Planning Zones, what to do in preparation to a hurricane threatening Miami -Dade County, what to do when an evacuation order is given, available County services and more. The Hurricane Readiness Guide is available in English, Spanish and Haitian Creole. Mailed to every residential address in Miami -Dade County (1 Million households) and distributed during outreach events, to County Commissioners' offices, County departments, Municipal governments, private businesses, public sector partners and not -for - profit organizations September 2025 P5-69 Miami-04110 county Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Activity Frequency Topics/Actions Audience Bring Your Kid(s) to Work Day Annual On a designated date every year, Miami -Dade Fire Rescue and DEM Employees bring their kids to work to experience a day at work with their parents. The kids are brought in to the EOC for DEM Staff to discuss Miami -Dade County's natural hazards, hurricane and disaster preparedness. MDFR and DEM Employees StormZone Annual StormZone is a school -based multidisciplinary science and social studies education program that teaches students about the science of severe natural disasters. Students that are part of this program, participate in an interactive exercise at the Miami -Dade EOC in which they learn about hurricane and disaster preparedness. Approximately 60 students (5th 6th and Grade) from Miami -Dade Public Schools County Mayor's Hurricane Preparedness Press Conference Annual The Miami -Dade County Mayor conducts a Hurricane Preparedness Press Conference at the beginning of each Atlantic Hurricane Season. The Press Conference is broadcasted via the Miami -Dade County TV Channel, webpage and Social Media pages. Countywide Youth Fair Annual DEM has a booth/table at the Youth Fair staffed with DEM Staff to provide information on hurricane and disaster preparedness to attendees. Staff facilitates discussions on hurricane and disaster preparedness with attendees and reading material is provided for adults and kids to take home. Approximately 2,000 attendees Emergency and Evacuation Assistance Program (EEAP) Call Down Semi- Annually Call down is conducted by calling all active EEAP registrants to update their records and provide them information on hurricane preparedness. 4,200 EEAP Clients Hurricane Preparedness Events/Community Outreach Presentations by DEM Over 100 events throughout the Year Throughout the year, DEM continuously participates in a number of local events hosted by municipalities, hospitals, schools, businesses, and non -for -profit, community and faith -based organizations. These events provide an opportunity to directly engage with residents and provide essential information on hurricane and disaster preparedness, and mitigation measures for the hurricane season and other Miami -Dade County hazards (e.g. flooding). These presentations are conducted in English, Spanish and Haitian Creole to better engage and educate the community. 17,736 (in 2019) September 2025 P5-70 Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Activity Frequency Topics/Actions Audience This workshop is conducted to educate RHCF owners and All Hospitals, Group Homes, Nursing Homes, Assisted Residential Healthcare administrators in developing RHCF CEMP with an all -hazards Living Facilities, Adult Day Facility (RHCF) CEMP Annual approach to insure the residents' life safety. The workshop serves Cares, Ambulatory Surgical Workshop an opportunity to provide emergency and disaster preparedness information. Centers and Intermediate Care Centers within Miami - Dade County September 2025 P5-71 ru..�l-0 d0 tio'rr: Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS EMERGENCY WARNING DISSEMINATION49 In accordance with the Miami -Dade County CEMP, DEM provides flood warnings as early as it is practical in an effort to provide as much advance notice as possible. For tropical cyclones, notifications begin approximately five (5) days prior to the anticipated arrival of the storm. When the Miami -Dade EOC is activated, ESF 14 (Public Information) is responsible for the dissemination of emergency information to all media outlets and the public. In order to expedite the dissemination of information, Miami -Dade County developed pre -scripted messages and message templates for staff to quickly issue appropriate flood advisories. These will provide guidance and can be modified, as needed, to fit the specific emergency or incident. ESF 14 contains pre -scripted messages that are disseminated to the public. Additionally, the DEM Severe Weather Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) has pre -scripted messages for the Duty Officer to disseminate to Miami -Dade DEM Staff and DEM partner agencies. Municipal emergency management, colleges and universities are part of DEM's distributions lists; therefore, they receive all emergency notifications and disseminate it to the residents and students within their jurisdiction through their own processes. Messaging on flood advisories in Miami -Dade County via the Emergency Alert System (EAS) through all channel/stations, is done by NWS — Miami/South Florida Forecast Office. NWS utilizes pre -scripted draft messages for all types of flood advisories. The pre -scripted messages include the type of advisory, time the advisory expires, the reason the advisory was issued and location(s) that will experience flooding as a result of the weather system. Additionally, NWS has several pre -scripted messages with precautionary/preparedness statements that they can choose from when preparing the advisory for issuance. Miami -Dade County uses a cable override system for the public notification of emergency warnings. A Florida EAS Plan is prepared by the State Emergency Communications Committee in conjunction with FDEM and is based on recommendation from the state and County emergency management officials, NWS, and the broadcast industry and cable operators. The purpose of this Plan is to put in place a system that can be utilized by emergency officials to announce or transmit an emergency alert to the potentially impacted population. The Florida EAS Operational Plan can be accessed via the following link: https://www.fab.orq/eas-plan. The EAS is tested monthly and the schedule can be accessed via the following link: fab.orq/eas-test-schedule/. There are additional forms of public notification that are utilized to send emergency alerts in the event that an emergency or event requires protective action(s). When emergency protective action(s) are issued, an EAS and/or Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) message can be disseminated via DEM's Integrated Public Alert Warning System (IPAWS) compliant software systems EMnet or WebEOC. Simultaneously, DEM would also disseminate messages through Miami -Dade Alerts and social media (i.e. Facebook and X). When an emergency notification to a specific geographic area is required, the VESTA Alert Notification System can be utilized. A brief description of each system is below. • IPAWS is a national warning system used to notify the public of emergency situations which may require protective actions. It is designed to warn the public of local weather emergencies, such as flooding. The primary method utilized for developing and 49 CRS Activity 610 (Flood Warning and Response) Element — Emergency Warning Dissemination September 2025 P5-72 Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS disseminating an IPAWS message is through the EMnet system, located in the supervisor platform of the Miami -Dade Fire Rescue (MDFR) Dispatch Center Headquarters. In the event EMnet is not operational, the fax request methodology or the WebEOC IPAWS messaging system will be utilized as the backup methods to disseminate information to the public. • Everbridge Alert Notification System is a notification system is designed to handle a large volume of alerts, ensuring that messages are delivered to a vast number of recipients simultaneously. This scalability is crucial during large-scale emergencies when timely communication with the public is critical. The system incorporates multiple delivery channels (text,email, voice) to ensure that messages are received even if one channel fails • Social Media is utilized to disseminate emergency information, such as protective actions and general emergency information before, during and after an incident. During a Miami - Dade EOC activation, the Social Media Unit Leader of the EOC Planning Section is responsible for the collection, evaluation, and posting of public information through all of the County's social media platforms. Additionally, Miami -Dade DEM uses social media to promote personal preparedness awareness in the community, severe weather advisories, safety tips, among other topics. Along with the aforementioned public information systems, many of Miami -Dade County buildings have NOAA Weather Radios to provide notification of flood and severe weather watches and warnings. Some of these buildings include the Fire Alarm Office, EOC, DEM offices, County executive offices, Miami International Airport (Air Traffic Control Tower), hospitals, healthcare centers, educational facilities and fire stations, among others. Additionally, Miami -Dade County disseminates press releases with emergency information and general preparedness information for all types of incidents. During a countywide emergency (e.g. hurricane), the Miami -Dade County utilizes the miamidade.gov/emergency webpage to provide residents and visitors with the most accurate information, including updates to County services during a particular emergency. This webpage provides updates on: • Evacuation Orders • Schools • Waste Collection • Animal Services • Parks • Seaports • Libraries • Museums • Correction and Rehabilitation Facilities • Government Offices and Courthouse • Transit • Airports • Streets, Expressways, Tolls and Bridges • Beaches and Marinas • Curfews • Open/closed Shelters • Water and Sewer • Hospital and Clinics September 2025 P5-73 Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS When necessary, in -person notifications of protective measures orders are conducted by law enforcement (County and Municipal). This is used to supplement information disseminated via means of mass communication. In -person communication by law enforcement include: • Door-to-door communication — individually notifying residents within a specific geographic region • Vehicle Public Address System — communication of evacuation orders via the public address system in police vehicles, also known as route alerting FLOOD RESPONSE OPERATIONS5° The Miami -Dade CEMP and Protective Measures Plan identify flood response roles and responsibilities for all our County stakeholders. The clearance times illustrated on Table 8, dictate the time needed to implement response activities which includes hurricane evacuation operations. Miami -Dade County's CEMP establishes the framework that the County and its municipalities utilize to address all types of hazards. The CEMP outlines the basic strategies, assumptions, operational goals and objectives, and mechanisms through which Miami -Dade County will mobilize resources and conduct activities to guide and support emergency management efforts through preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. Additionally, it includes the roles and responsibilities of the local government, state and federal agencies, and other stakeholders. The Miami -Dade CEMP was adopted by the BCC on October 18, 2022 by Resolution R-982-22. Volume I of the CEMP can be accessed via the following link: miamidade.gov/fire/library/OEM/CEMP.pdf. Volumes 11, III and IV can be obtained by contacting Miami -Dade DEM. The Miami -Dade DEM Protective Measures Plan focuses on an all -hazards approach to respond to all types of emergencies. It provides contingencies to lessen the exposure of people to hazards related to the incident through protective measures such as evacuation, shelter -in -place, isolation/quarantine and restricted entry/repopulation. The Plan provides a decision -making process that defines which protective measure is best for the current conditions of each incident and an implementation process. This Plan can be found of Volume III of the CEMP. Figures 30 and 31 are part of the DEM Protective Measures Plan. Figure 30 illustrates the protective measures decision matrix for evacuations, sheltering -in -place, and isolation/quarantine. Figure 31 illustrates the protective measures decision matrix for restricted entry/repopulation. 5° CRS Activity 610 (Flood Warning and Response) Element — Flood Response Operations September 2025 P5-74 Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Community Information and Reporting Miami -Dade County operates the 311 Contact Center which provides a fast, simple, and convenient way for residents to obtain accurate information on local government services throughout an emergency and non -emergency situation. Additionally, the 311 Contact Center can be utilized to report neighborhood problems such as building code violations, roadways issues (e.g. pothole, damaged sidewalk), water and sewer issues (e.g. clogged drains) canal issues, flooding reports, among others. The 311 Contact Center can be reached via: • Phone, by dialing 311 or (305) 468-5900 • Online at https://311.miamidade.gov/311/s/ • X (formerly Twitter) at X.com/miamidade311 • 311 Direct Mobile App on the Goode Play store and on Apple App Store • Email at 311 @miamidade.gov Further information on Miami -Dade County's 311 Contact Center can be accessed via the following link: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/311/home.page Hazard Impact Assessment Hazard impact assessments of potential and actual impacts are conducted by gathering data before, during and after an incident. Details of this process are outlined on DEM's Hazard Impact Assessment Plan (HIAP) which can be found in Volume III of the CEMP. Figure 29 provides an overview of how hazard impact assessments will be conducted by Miami -Dade County agencies and municipalities. Figure 29. Impact Assessments Before, During and After an Incident Betlare me Event • Data regarding factors that may 4Mas'altMte trN rrnperiCIRX, dhCdYrtrrp eW6Ylt • ((CHM F011ukl 1r • Canal tle +ets • Current{anstrntcbtrri • PwitaC1Cr LjrEl. • 'System carnprdmdse•iaitare ▪ Fcaecestad ¢npatvl (rainfall. winds. ttonn slaAm. smvsla wealhai) • illoWN; staticgage.typeIccairan • Lean tire assacalea with Ina emit •lzl .ling nhl+!Y1tu irrelorriont protective •measures • Cotnpraturwt1Ir11>a0Wive rnoawes • 'Seasonal induslnes • ft oter•,wn F'rjrif-rhtlam • Frsrung. etc ) • Vulnetatile papulalaarr;; 4keFy to to Erliparlea !hump 1iYC E'rerrt Ilida0bservalians regarding whet 4tappd;l7an,; CilL lrr9 t1i6 • vent • F291t;IP111 • Canal hovels ▪ rPocpcirng • Wuxi sffrads • • Inhssl.nictir syslesn NrllprpatrliiM ilti • C.Allsirrr assistance Altar the Event liana' .Zserralhoas regarding wain! ries t1coirred - yid ir6rt any lave! IICcii very broad de g senalp la wary weft 0.g 414 v411%1rti irret8'ssalFiSini191s) • Casa a tias47alalilies • 09Gr • • Oadretio5 i IruclrlSll • F1c4xrrng • lnfrasatClUki yysrem mnFaorrdSalartire • Mime news. • Buslims lntorruf1110n • Eite eliNiC Impad • Enveonreenlalnazar¢o us MaIGIVN Damage Assessment Software In order to standardize how damages are reported, Miami -Dade County created the Snapshot Damage Assessment (Neighborhood Damage Assessment Form) after Hurricane Andrew. The September 2025 P5-75 Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS system provides four (4) basic levels of structural damage and two (2) levels of flooding that are helpful for reporting impacts to residential structures. Currently, this system is used for public reporting. In 2024, Miami -Dade DEM implemented a more robust damage assessment tool for our partner agencies and municipalities, called Crisis Track. Crisis Track became the County's official damage assessment software. Crisis Track is a comprehensive system where information can be collected on impact areas, incidents, initial damage assessments and detailed structural assessments. The software has been designed for assessment data to be gathered via a tablet or laptop on the field, subsequently, the data is synchronized and viewed on the Crisis Track Viewer at the agency and Municipal Emergency Operations Centers (EOC). Crisis Track can be utilized for countywide incidents (e.g. hurricane) or local incidents (e.g. tornado). Miami -Dade DEM, in conjunction with local building officials, developed a guide and training on reporting flood and structural damage for mobile/manufactured homes, residential structures, and mid and high- rise structures. Furthermore, a training component was established to complement the system and provide uniform training for personnel who conduct on -field assessments, and personnel who may be working in the EOC and generating damage assessment reports within their jurisdiction. Special Needs Evacuation Assistance Miami -Dade DEM maintains and manages the Emergency and Evacuation Assistance Program (EEAP) for residents with functional and access needs. This program offers specialized transportation for individuals that live at home and are in need of assistance during an evacuation, are electrically -dependent and require sheltering in a Medical Management Facility (MMF) and/or would like to receive a wellness call after an incident or disaster. Eligible EEAP applicants will be assigned to an evacuation center (Medical Evacuation Center or MMF) appropriate for the level of care required due to their medical condition(s). When any incident, such as a hurricane or flood, requires evacuation of Miami -Dade County's vulnerable population, the Evacuation Support Unit (ESU) is activated. The ESU is responsible for: • Coordinating the call down of registrants prior to an evacuation order • Verifying the evacuation status • Appropriate facility and transportation assignment • Transportation for the evacuation and repopulation • Wellness Checks • Demobilization of assets and facilities when they are no longer needed Residents with functional and access needs should register for the EEAP prior to an emergency to ensure the appropriate assistance will be provided, when needed. Applications go through a review process by the DEM Vulnerable Populations Coordinator and the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) in Miami -Dade County. Subsequently, applications are entered into the EEAP database, which utilizes GIS, to manage registrants throughout the year and during an emergency evacuation. In order to maintain EEAP client information up-to-date, a call -down is conducted twice a year by calling all active EEAP registrants to update/confirm their records. Further information on the EEAP can be accessed via the following link: miamidade.gov/global/service.page?Mduid service=ser1539637068904426. September 2025 P5-76 Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Figure 30. Protective Measure Decision -Making Matrix (Evacuation, Shelter -in -Place and Isolation/Quarantine) Evacuation Continue to monitor the situation and re-evaluate as changes occur Protective Measures Heeded? Is this a public health emergency that requires Isolation or quarantine? Continue to monitor the ke situation and re-evaluate as changes occur Is It safe for people to evacuate? Isaletior0 Quarantine ( Key Considerations Adequdle I esuurees dvualebl l' - Evacuation routes ctaadsafe - Ahirety to open eeac„armnrreceptien uenters'? - Term rp dtsserianate public erdarmation? - Evacuation clearance dimes adequate? Is this a mera arznario? (See Appendix A. Attachment t 1) 4-40.4--°400 - Move to a higher floor - Gel on sap or furniture Severe Weather - Utilize window/door protection - Find interior room in lower level to shelter in Is there are risk of flooding? Shelter In Plane Public Neahh Emergency Consult with ESF 5 (iiealrh & Medical) Hazardous Material Consult with ESF 10 lHarMalj - Close and seal windows and doors - Shut Off AIC or heat compressor Civil Unrest Consult with ESE 16 lLaw/ Enforcement) September 2025 P5-77 Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Figure 31. Protective Measure Decision -Making Matrix (Repopulation/Restricted Entry) What restrictions need to be in place? Can the impacted area be repopulated with NO restrictions? Conditions are not safe for general public/business owners to be in the area. Access tor Limited people can be granted - to be determined by the incident commander as to who should be granted access. Access can be granted, but for a limited period of time clue to exposure of potential hazards. Conditions are deemed safe for daylight hours and only for authorized people. Notify the public that is safe to 01 resume normal activities in the area. Ernergency Response Personnel Only Restricted Entry -11 Continue to monitor the situation and - I re-evaluate as changes occur Continue to monitor the situation and - - I re-evaluate as changes occur Limited Time Entry1111 Curfew Continue to monitor the situation and re-evaluate as changes occur - -I I I I Continue to monitor the situation and - - re-evaluate as changes occur September 2025 P5-78 rnia.n l-oano county APPENDICES Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS September 2025 P5-79 raia.n-Dade 4oan1. Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Appendix A: Do You Know Your Flood Zone? Brochure Available Online: www.miamidade.gov/environment/flood-maps.asp Available in English, Spanish and Haitian Creole Understanding your flood map ..aprnrrrsynylrfM4u taw•p. pOFwnlrr SInay 11..wy +Idu ulm wsmuJMafurwv !WA •••r• WIN r•,Nwpylyj•••••••••••••ttll ra91.M1udI; rIt.Pl4 llWHeiSoll MlrwM.. [.rralnta fsa-rc0•X46N!Om.. I.., „aRNal•1]P.a ]pw.etIlVael alsnaA.] risk .0 MU Zen:d land. 10h......8••••••• L,11,11,nrapt,uvnia.n Lamar s.swr.1111 nnramr nr AIL. 11..1 do.amn deer,, Erawaen Couch irl9ie •thl. 1r(Madam le Mphrwmll,O wm. +r IbMaeu.as rNscv. mw 4•••• 4tar va[tY [raler.se, Pkn fal. Y.•rnutkW'rwras Mrv.vroar.+r+n.. wmv ■ ZONE All Moderate iv, M[ah FI. Rtwl :FannwIP.nraracca loam. Un rran..warn nsaa nugry'•adM axaga wWwsrty.nw rid me N ZONEYE 'Allan Wetting R#bI17Na1uinpe ..im..s:Ia.k temomialsaar. .. amxiul Ml.mu.lc Tlv. r.a rmfwtepi qLW me wrwe.vlgw rawnaO • •kwi Ywr �dl.t rain,.1 ?,17.,aerdreims .ad.n... l..e Nal Aaea.ee sgsm 1 .'wi Ilene r nn w rlrx:a rrs rn trw d.Dii ,body de.y x xs raypea Nezm-+ Bud ircuMca.mq'aaenn wngyry. ■"awry OWarGnwwenaaJMvd M.bdI.m�I.Jaa.d.. .i11ml •1• 6thiwxa rMs.va.wMPwao Ml1 vdatm,11•1 ImdeW.11.1.1 erkrumr. m.:N.m.rmr.PNAi Ewywn41enrmrx. ...I hater.. mn pLeLg . enr.l4aP doienv6lnw.r.a.k.I m11 si 1, nm t emcee d.ia ad md=m uefled dr dnmr..-••• Pxdsaerre.ellwNW ms'mr..mkvvvv bgisr,...n la n. >:I,e, t.n...n.aw�e rm.i�fr%+..In iklaminl[m.d.Y.d%! The Water Cycle Anmeno NSfiaMKgwWN enio4%Ay many. E•11 .werv..ee.wep. NB.1a.nrlr memmtaq.. ara6.k 241fgNc Atawadw9#1 01.11rxa .011 r,11.1.e IMh.R Mv.eare.Eram rrraR Smone.a eatl#pe.srroasam llv rm.) alldkdkemarWball imsaatagwl nt ti m. Wetlands are our friends a.Ne.r... raw. • • 17.a.pe.4• •••• d9A1MMarOi.r4Awwn. m nra an ennmoran. a.d;eamm.w1m-el ,m,d 5.ya ea sA.n>ni'W:em; nr;h •ri°..,ri-Pt�nl lin wF�u•Ito.•••• ..a ua mill, Was. Oubp aq. wet&w a pm.p.mr..wdi.aan�rn.n eaq rains iwf lak..b nrn.rd.nrwnrr Sakkaa . Iry yore a^w.xrism.µ Man w✓,rr�ti.rdncr+�,r,rwnra�-s raM .nalarrignrhnvw11.0.•rn In,.p•grmn lal.r.y.ulamrm..m r,Li Li •Inadernrm mraA .. m [ma..Ia.p cow. 1l 1s reFI u1I r], ;€Ldl ib•Lap.rl r o0 tigeLmSrUSAInoM woo, trs.u...lr■pp. ma p•e16d•.•Aal14 F a.1w1e#1.. dlir6r4dd•••••••Li. r p`nii#r4.rpr9k aarbpd• : asai$ reata rithardto ra,eareedf.siaw,IN.I+.. S1.M§5,atNe .e]ti1 fa ove..m VI TrAtion Ouestions about flood maps? &Ulm ML.:ydoti. N 1E .IklNa tgMx.ry wwydi.,.w.. a w If. Ea&kar la iasem. -.m>•a1W Mar n B71335 ibEn. da,II *frv..1.1•553 ,, M#a.ii a ...EA.wza/1.aNwl n.yw Tau d.irvM�� a1 Ilami.NuSIN4 tinixaa A...fra.kl eglwel •v..ra, IRww d,ieq yawn, 1.19r,. Qruestions about flood insurance? MaEww•••••/..S• 041..MR#aena.• 0y1.Icrna+r:awswur[.ye.d rY M ur F. a [ae, Leila .AEanNemaexessi4Aa..t 1.....104.1411.L. wane l.Na Jai.lLLetlMrp. Pr.', Mon owoola kisirM16Nd• Nam tomobehm l. rilcatirigiu Au Ji•• ... ten la..aipair.-munary7raan.A AHa t`da$.MPT}I12NMxbf#Y41k.tF#k rn..A,nrnw.wkew Important new developments for you to know FEW cN'+Jrfanq nn aaGglln9 ltha Iiaoa Zara marl$ fOr'.4iiamhagar? Cadray. The. pchliazaal or itle tdrari maFy :C.rlCdulaa far 2i7W. Why do floods occur? l eamilslbYprt•f b FPnt.k. rpr rstrOtN.r Ea{wNPiMrw#q lib WW1.; Ihw arn•.vwe NfWesrp PM Lwtryw n.w+"N n, rE'rw.v.�pppP,IMNWt 1.4w.ertm.6n1M.MH W e 1. M.. M1Lu.o.Hnialsk Ever MctaseteMe w.t.a.r.Rnwl aim einlyxotimvM. 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WNW rrreYNra.r:_rle tnrrlrotn.re loam, Weather warnings/ watches. jY•rkrYRaaulel.wf.•.rp.Id.rafl# a:•eMaim dra.M4ihP,.waamrcPmmal6,.liOsta ra duRddlk nW rt•wl•rlkbNPM•.fge7.••MtirM Em1MgNead1Ifins keepaara:trOlobul WwaWSere nkam.trA•1YN••gaegr•e NIV.I'ld.18n1•Vel brat jY W rPANairs Roll aNraflk di[LL' r..MiPrr.af _ Your opinion counts - M erailifimiFabart'igl^k4br.dow Mapr.v.%a'vsNuu W.N Molar.,• 1.U.V. r U.M,wun tlii.brdynotioarierrei Iniall Th .4Ir nnmsba WILLI, venai rawyP4a MaNtMc-!. 000li: MM. asi'lRw••,Mial . .PLI..1. tx4YMdp nwMkn wl. 4.1•41411, au ik] F.gria:Mtn.dc-r l a s mi p- ,Ilmdq droop 17e wetdd lams boow 01 aria+areGoAypt&c ps NiObrox.x o Inv Riax NN.1F a°14a kw pl Yaki:n Cantse,fdWu Satmgp wpwsaafieei,l Ammo mxial,hu ugrapon.aw WirstrOuvid ry Mad 3m.Caaaf Lyi.t4y Ww nays Imdep olio. s.1nemmrt September 2025 P5-80 Appendix B: 2024 Hurricane Readiness Guide Available Online: www.miamidade.gov/hurricane/library/guide-to-hurricane-readiness.pdf The Guide is fully translated in English, Spanish and Haitian Creole OFFICIAL HURRICANE READINESS GUIDE GUTAOFICIAL DE PREPARAC ION CONTRA HURACANES GID OFISYELPOU PPEPAPASYONPOU SfKLON jOU R', PARE? Anla ANTES • DUR ANTE • UESPUES ANVAN • PANA l7AN • APRE iCoLk 0 41 September 2025 P5-81 CONTENTS 0 INDICE © TABDEMATYE GENERAL PREPAREDNESS INFORMATION INFORMACION GENERAL SOBRE PREPARACION i ENFOMASYON SOU PREPARASYON JENERAL 2 ENGLISH BEFORE A STORM9 DURINGA STORM.............-...........,..............................................................................,.......................................„...„.........................,....,......,17 AFTERA STORM ...... .................................. ........... ........... .................... ................. ...:............,......m.....;......,.......... ......... ........ .............. ....... .......... .....18 ES PANOL ANTES DE UNA TORMENTA 21 DURANTEUNATORMENTA 29 DESPUES DE UNA TORMENTA 30 KREVOL ANVAN YON TANPET 33 PANDANYON TANPET................................-...........,..................................................._..............................,....,,...........................................-,.,40 APRE YON TANPET......._........._......._......................... 41 0 Neurodivergent individuals can prepare for a hurricane by visiting https:f/padlet.corn/djffumnsucard/hurricanepreparedness. Q Las personas neurodivergentes pueden encontrar information sabre Como prepararse pare un huracan en et %Ilia web Mips://pa llat.comidgfurnnsucard/hurrlcanepreparedness. Q Moon In newodrvelan yo Ica prepare you you srkaon Fe yo vrzite hops://padlet.cam/djffumnsacard/lrurricanepreparedness. For up-to-the-minute hurricane information, download the Ready MDC mobile app. O Para obtener inForrnac ion aetuafazada Rohs hura canes.. descargue la aplicatldn pars dlspositivos moviies Ready MDC. 0 Pou w►wenn enfdnrasyon aktyalizesou siklen. telechaje apilkasyon mobil Ready MDC a. To learn more, visit miamidade.gov/hurricane. Q Para mas informacidn, visite miamidade.gov/hurrlcane. OPou plls enfnmaayon, vizite miamidade.gov/hurricane. iPhone Language Legend ® Espanol Q Kreyisi Android MIAM1•DADE DEPARTMENT 6F EMEnEMENT MANAGEMENT} September 2025 P5-82 TORNADOES AND STORM SURG[ TORNADOES Hurricanes and tropical storms can also produce tornadoes. Usually, these tornadoes are relatively weak and short lived, but they pose a significant threat to life and property. STORM SURGE During a hurricane, storm surge is the greatest threat to life and property, It is an abnormal rise of water generated by a' hurricane. Storm surge can travel several miles inland, especially along bays and canals, and can reach heights well over 20 feet. IF you live in a high-nse building and choose to shelter-in•place, stay on floors just above flood water or storm surge, but not higher than the 10th floor. Hurricanes bring dangerous winds and the higher up you go in a building the stronger the wind speed. KNOW YOUR ZONE All Miami -Dade County residents should know which Storm Surge Planning Zone they live in. To determine your zone, go to miamidade.gov/hurricane, find the Storm Surge Planning Zone section, then enter your address. You can also download the Ready MDC mobile app or call 311, Upon identification of a threat, each zone (or portions of a zone) will be evacuated depending on the hurricane's track and projected storm surge, independent of the hurricane's category. A Storm Surge Planning Zone is an area that could be affected by storm surge of 1 '- - feet or higher during a hurricane. These Warming zones are not to be confused with your flood zone, Know Your Zone MI Zone A is at greatest risk for storm surge from a Category 1 hurricane and higher. Zone B is at greatest risk for storm surge from a Category 2 hurricane and higher. Zone C is at greatest risk for storm surge from a Category 3 hurricane and higher. • Zone Disat greatest risk for storm surge from a Category 4 hurricane and higher. Zone E is at greatest risk for storm surge from a Category 5 hurricane. To view Storm Surge Planning Zones please refer to the map at the end of this Hurricane Guide. 10 September 2025 P5-83 Appendix C: News Release Samples https://www.miamidade.gov/global/release.page?Mduid release=re11728416338588230 rr PRESS RELEASE Media Cantact FOC PIO eocpro{u:miamidade.gov 786-780-5303 Miami -Dade County Officials provide update on Hurricane Milton Preparations MIAMI-DADE ( October 02, 2024 )— Hurricane killing in currently a rnalar nategnry 4 hurricane an it head.^, inward landfall nn the west coast of i ;ands. I he storm is expected to bnnq hfe-threatening storm surge to the Tampa Elay area and west coast - even as they continue to recover fruiri Hurricarit Hekss Mramr•Dade rs now under a tropical storm warning. !he most likely impacts in our County includes heavy rainfall, localized flooding, and sustained tropical storm force winds, starting as early as tonight. Milton is a major storm and it remains important to stay prepared es the cuuuly will be affected by Hie Outer hands. 1 he Emergency Operations Center remains activated to ensure the community is ready to respond. County services including water and sewer cud Ira; si[ services iriuluding Mc Er Wail Mctaobus, arrd Mchunwver Mir crllly remain Mien. Tin^ -haul i and Recycling Centers have ex [gritted their hours until 71sm and all other waste collection services are operating normally, weather permitting Al] non -essential County government nffines will he cloned Wednesday Oatnher g and Thiirsday, October 10. As emergency personnel continue to monitor potential impacts over the next 48 hours, Miami -Dade County will keep the community updated en any other service changes The county annnirnred vnlurrrary evacuation of mobile home parks yesterday 0 The E. Darwin Fuchs Payilion, Ioealed al 10901 Coral Way. is ai pet-[rieridly evacuation cerrler open only for mobile flume residents who voluntarily wish to relocate. O Miami -Dade Transit is providing transportation assistance for mobile home residents who are voluntarily evacuating; residents should call the 311 Contact Center or siihmit the online form for asssistance to request transportation assistance 311 is open extended hours until 10 pm tonight. Mieml•Dade County departments have been aggressively preparing for and responding to flooding over the fast few days. Yesterday, the Parks. Retaealiori and Open Spaces (PROS) Department began dis[ribuliitg sandbags at rriirr regional parks emeilyWide. PROS has already successfully distributed more than 70,000 sandbags to residents in need and the majority of our sites have closed based on the enormous demand. The County Is grateful for the many residents and families who have volunteered to foster the most vulnerable cats and dogs from the Anirnal Services Department fASD), ASD staff has been overwhelmed by the number of residents who have stepped up to take in pets this weekend Miami -Dade remains extremely grateful For their servtr e MIA is currently open and operating, although some airlines have cancelled or will cancel flights. Travelers are encouraged to confirm their Plight status before heeding to the airport. PortMtanti is currerttly under purl readiness tatrnfitiotl Yankee. Under Yankee_ the Poi l will 11111 be reoeivirrg any inbound vessels and urewt are busy emptying yards this morning The tunnel is closed into the port but remains open for outbound vehicles. September 2025 P5-84 The US Gast Guard also announced that they will begirt locking dawn all drawbridges for boat traffic starting at noon today. It is important that the community takes key steps to prepare: O Gather hurricane supplies now. Make sure three days of supplies (e.g., non-perishable food and water} are on hand for each person in the household, Residents can fill their own containers with Miami -Dade tap water! © Put up hurricane shutters, O Fill any vehicle's gas With with gasulirre. Extra gasoline should be sUlf ed in an appropriate cuntainer and in a safe area of Ole [mire, O Do not trim trees or shrubs at this time The County's 13 Trash and. Recycling Centers have extended their operating hours and will reinairi well until 7pill. today. O Make sure home, yard and construction debris are properly secured- Any objects that hurricane winds could blow about should have been tied down or brought indoors (garbage cans, patio furniture, garden tools, toys, etc.). Kee in rind the following flood and water safely measures. CO Help minimize overflows to the wastewater system by keeping manhole covers closed, and by minimizing water usage in the morning and evening during heavy rain. Q Residents can report severe flooding within unincorporated Miami -Evade or the city of Miami by calling 311 or using the 311 Direct app. Residents should only call 911 if they have a medical- or Iffe-threatening emergency. O County crews are vn standby to drain {lauded areas as needed. 0 Residents and visitors are urged to practice flood safety - "Lung around don't drown.' AVOID walking or driving in flooded °rent,. ® i lead to miamidarde.gov,Ihiirnr.ane or download the Ready MIX: app for more flood information and lipdates. Gontiniie monitoring Incel media and verified nUoinI nindiil platforms AR the County shares important updates Chet wr>ek. To request' rriaterer!s in auuessible [vrinat, sign language interpreters, and/or any accommodation to parlkapaie ?u any County -sponsored program or meeting please ono/act at or arm*, five days in arlyaor-} to irittate your request t 1 t users may also rdill /7 7 (Fleirrda ttetay Service), DANIELLA LEVINE CAVA,OFFICE OF THE MAYOR Stephen P. Clark Center 111 Nw 1st Street, Miami, FL 33128 CI 0 a September 2025 P5-85 https://www.miamidade.gov/global/release.page?Mduid release=re1172744219098971 aD PRESS RELEASE Media Contact Media and Public Relations Bureau mdfrplo mramidade.gny 305-204-2526 Inclement Weather from Hurricane Helene MIAMi-DADE j September 25, 2024 )- According to the National Hurricane Center (NHC), Hurricane Helene its currently located approximately 45 miles east-northeast of Conlmel, Mexico, and is moving northwestward at In mph Helene Is likely to hecnme a major hurricane. by Thursday as rt crosses the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The forecast track indicates the storm will make landfall along the Big Bend coast of Florida late Thursday. While Miami -Dade County is under a Tropical Storm Warning, the county remains outside of the Immediate forecast Gone. Tropical storm -force winds could reach parts of South Florida, including Miami -Dade County, as early as tonight. County officials are closely monitoring the situation and preparing for arty potential impacts, Residents are urged to remain infra aid and follow .safety guidelines. Though Governor Ron DeSantis has declared a state of emergency tor multiple counties in Florida, including those in the storrris path, Miami - Dade t.oirnty has not heen ifrlrid P.d on that fist However, we nnntPrrllP to work closely with state and federal ariihrinties to monitor any changes and ensure preparedness. I he Miami -Dade Department of Emergency Management nonfinues to monitor the path of Humrane Helene, and although rt is not currently e direct threat to our county, this is a great opportunity to remind everyone of the Importance of being prepared;' said Pete Gomez, Director for Miaml•Dade Department of Emergency Management. This heavy rainfall may rarlse lncall7ed flooding in areas that are low-lying or with poor drainage. Miami-Darle County is artiveky mnnfroong the potential for flooding Incur area and advises everyone to stay updated on weather forecasts. Other Miami -Dade County -departments have been preparing for the upcoming rainy season. We continue to build a resilient community by providing our residents and visitors with all the tools they need to he safe: said Mayor Danielle Levine Cava. "We remain vigilant and all of our Courtly departments are ready to respond to mitigate any impacts this storm may have in our moron _ We also stand at the ready to assist other corient inifier in northern Florida who will he directly impacted by the storm' Please be prepared and stay safe. The Miami -Dade Department of Emergency Management (DEM) encourages our community to follow these tips during irrelerrrwilt weaklier. O Visiting South Florida? Know what to do when your vacation is suddenly interrupted due to severe weather. Before heading out to p catch your flight, he sr ire to check with your airline directly for any posarhiP delays v It is never safe to drive or wall[ Into flood waters- Don't drive or walk amrrnd road harriers or throiigh large puddles Hidden debris may be just under the surface that could hurt you or disable your car 0 It is vital to know what to do if you are driving and hit a flooded road: More than half of the deaths from flooding each year occur in vehicles. Turn arm ind, don't drown O Don't underestimate the power of water: 6 inches of fast-moving flood water can knock over an adult. h takes just 12 inches of rushing A water to carry away a small cat, white 2 feel of rushing sealer Gai I carry away most veliirdes 0 :day away from downed power lines and electrical wires: I Ier:trorfifinn is also a major killer in floods I lectricel crnrent can travel through water. Report downed power lines to Florida Power and Light's customer service number at 305-442-8770 O Do nut play iri slandirua walerr If water is stayuanl for extended periods. there is a potential fur Guntan}irration. Playing ur remaining Ire standing water should be avoided O Do not remove manhole covers: Removing manhole covers can inundate sewage pipes and overwhelm sewer facilities. It Can also suck in people and debris which can cause drowning and loss of life September 2025 P5-86 Siyrtup fur- free emergency alerts. Receive erneryerivy textual ennuis reyardiny public safely issues, recommended public protective actions or other emergency information by signing up for Miami -Dade Alerts Q Monitor media- Donhrrule monifnrmy Iocal media or verified social media platforms for the latest updates, advisories, and rnstriictrons from public safety officials. Follow DFM on X EsikliaminadeFM and on Facet -look Fur name information, please rQnlact Mianu-Dade Fire Rescue's Media and Public Relalrrais Bureau at 305-204-252+5. # # # Tvrequest materials in accessible foirnat sign language interpreters, and/or any accommodation to participate in any County -sponsored program or meeting please contact at or email„ five days in advance to Initiate your request TTYusers may also calf 77 7 (Ronda Relay Service). PETE GOMEZ,EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT R. David Paulisan Frre Rescue Headquarters 9300 NW 41st Si. Miami., FL 33178-2414 0 CI September 2025 P5-87 Appendix D: Emergency and Evacuation Assistance Program Information available online: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/service.page?Mduid service=ser1470238193996672 z MIAMI COUNTY cxcrlieue Eft-7 Z y Miami -Dade County Office of Emergency Management 9300 my 41 St Dotal. FL 33178 We Need Your Assistance! VOLUNTEERS NEEDED The Office of Emergency Management (OEM) works year-round to prepare for any type of disaster or emergency. As we prepare, we would like to invite you to participate in an important upcoming event. On Saturday, March 16th, 2019, OEM will be conducting a cat -down of the Emergency and Evacuation Assistance Program (EEAP) registry and the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) database. Emergency and Evacuation Assistance Program (EEAP) provides evacuation support to individuals with functional and access needs. The program is targeted towards residents of Miami -Dade County who need specialized transportation assistance or have medical needs that prevent them from evacuating on their own. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program enables community citizens to prepare themselves for hazards that may impact their community in any major disaster or event and to provide assistance in their neighborhood. Please join us in making calls to update information for the EEAP and CERT registries. We need your support in being part of the solution and helping the community! Date: Saturday, March 16"', 2019 Time: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (or anytime between these hours. minimum 4 hours) Location: Mami-Dade County Emergency Operations Center 9300 NW 41 Street, Dora!, Florida 33178 Lunch will be provided. We need English, Spanish and Haitian Creole speaking volunteers to help us place phone calls and update registrant's information. 3 options to RSVP as a volunteer: 1. Use Eventbrite registration: https:licalldown2019march.eventbrite.com 2. E-mail : .=1@miamidade.gov Specify in your email: - What hours are you available to participate (start and end time)? - What languages do you speak (English, Spanish or Haitian Creole)? 3. Call or text us at 305. if you need any accommodations, please let us know. Your participation is greatly appreciated! Thank you for your support! September 2025 P5-88 Appendix E: Residential Health Care Facility (RHCF) Requirements Information available online: https://www.miamidade.gov/global/service.page?Mduid service=ser1539637068904426 MIAH Services & Information Y News & Social Media Y Yuur Government v Emptoyees • Home a Fire Rescue/ Reaidenlial Health Care Facilities Residential Health Care Facilities The Residential Health Cave Facility (RHCE)Comprehenswe Emergency Management Plan Revaew Program was Introduced as a resin! of state legislation requiring certain health Cate faciliiiesle prepare and annually update a comprehensive emergency management plan {CEMP)- The CEMP serves facilares to be adequately prepared to handle internal/external emergencies within their facilities and ensure the safety and well-being of their residents State law requires that the CEIrtPs be reviewed and approved by the local Office of Emergency Management (OEM}. Facility administrators for residential health care facilities located in Miami -Dade County must submit their Comprehensive Emergency Management Mali (CEMP) to the Office of Emergency Management (OEM) for review grid appievel on an annual bums- 'Guidance and/or training on plan development can he provided to new admini stators requesting infprmalioo on plan development. Training OEM provides In-service training al the Emergency Operations Center for facility administrators of assisted living facilities or other residential health care facilirtles on CEMP requirements. This dudes a review of RHCF plans and guidance on plan development and requirerreents. Individuals who call and request training on plan preparation will be advised CPI the next tr-aininp date arid placed on a registration hot. The trainings are usually conducted on a bimonthly basis and will focus on preparing it nomprebeYinlve emergency management plan a fire safety plant and conducting appropriate exercises. The courses will only he offered in English and are tree of charge to the participant. Only two Individuals per facility will be permitted, unless additianaf space available. Florida Nursing Home and Assisted Living Facility Generator Rule miamidade.Gov 0000 ONLINE OPTIONS FACILITY i.i7GfN. VERIFY EMERGENCY PUNS COMPLIANCE PHONE NUMBERS} Emergency Management Coordinator 305-468-5419 Agency Clerk, Agency for Health Care Administration 850-412-3671 Agency Clerk, flepartment of Elder Affairs 8%414-2342 EMAIL / MAIL Regiaper for training Agency Clerk Agency for Health Care Administrallcr Agency Clerk .Department of Elder Affairs Feedback P September 2025 P5-89 Appendix F: Acronyms BCC Miami -Dade Board of County Commissioners BFE Base Flood Elevation BOS Back of Sidewalk CDMP Comprehensive Development Master Plan CEMP Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan CFC County Flood Criteria COR Crown of Road CRS Community Rating System DTPW Miami -Dade Department of Transportation and Public Works EAR Evaluation Appraisal Report EAS Emergency Alert System EEAP Emergency and Evacuation Assistance Program EMNet Emergency Management Network EOC Emergency Operations Center ESU Emergency Support Unit FDEM Florida Division of Emergency Management FDOH Florida Department of Health FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map FLASH Federal Alliance for Safe Homes FLIPPER Florida Interoperable Picture Processing for Emergency Response GIS Geographic Information System GM&B Greater Miami & the Beaches HIAP Hazard Impact Assessment Plan (PAWS Integrated Public Alert Warning System ISO/CRS Insurance Services Office, Inc. /Community Rating System LMS Local Mitigation Strategy LMSSC Local Mitigation Strategy Sub -Committees LMSWG Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group LOMA Letter of Map Amendment LOS Level of Service MDFR Miami -Dade Fire Rescue MOM Maximum of Maximums NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NHC National Hurricane Center NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NWS National Weather Service PF Precipitation Frequency PFDS Precipitation Frequency Data Server QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control RER Miami -Dade County Regulatory and Economic Resources RHCF Residential Healthcare Facility SFRPC South Florida Regional Planning Council SFWMD South Florida Water Management District SLOSH Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes SOP Standard Operating Procedures SRL Severe Repetitive Loss THIRA Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USGS United States Geological Survey WEA Wireless Emergency Alert WRN Weather -Ready Nation September 2025 P5-90 Appendix G: Floodplain Managers Part 5: Flooding - NFIP & CRS Jurisdiction Name Title Email Aventura Jake Ozyman, PE, PMP Public Works & Transportation Director jozyman@cityofaventura.com Bal Harbour Lourdes M Rodriguez Building Department Administrator Irodriguez@balharbourfl.gov Bay Harbor Islands Randy L. Daniel, P.E., PMP, CFM Town Engineer rdaniel@bayharborislands-fl.gov Biscayne Park Pedro Martinez Contracted Building Official pmartinez@capfla.com Coral Gables Manuel Lopez, P.E. Building Official mlopez@coralgables.com Cutler Bay Alfredo Quintero Director of Public Works aquintero@cutlerbay-fl.gov Doral Ingrys Farias, CFM Floodplain Manager Ingrys.Farias@cityofdoral.com El Portal Pedro Martinez Contracted Building Official pmartinez@villageofelportal.org Florida City Pedro Gonzalez City Engineer pgonzalez@baljet.com Golden Beach Christopher Grapz Zoning Reviewer pens@bellshouth.net Hialeah Lilibet Muniz Del Castillo Building Plans Examiner Lmdc17497@hialeahfl.gov Hialeah Gardens Jose Lopez Public Works Director jlopez@cityofhialeahgardens.com Homestead Jose Perez, EMPA, CFM Director of Code Compliance Japerez@homesteadfl.gov Key Biscayne Rene Velazco Building Official rvelazco@keybiscayne.fl.gov Medley Mohan Thampi Contracted Civil Engineer building@townofinedley.com Miami Mr. Guari Mascaro Floodplain Administrator gmascaro@miamigov.com Miami Beach Jarahpour, Mohsen Flood Plain Manager mohsenjarahpour@miamibeachfl.go v Miami Gardens Mike Gambino CFM Flood Plain Administrator Consultant mgambinol@miamigardens-fl.gov Miami Lakes Richard Annese Building Official anneser@miamilakes-fl.gov Miami Shores Michael Orta Neighborhood Services Manager OrtaM@msvfl.gov Miami Springs Ulises Fernandez Building Official and Code Compliance Director ufernandez@miamigardens-fl.gov North Bay Village Mohan Thampi Contracted Civil Engineer mthempi@nbvillage.com September 2025 P5-91 Jurisdiction Name Title Email North Miami Debbie Love Director - Development Services Department dlove@northmiamifl.gov North Miami Beach Zafar Ahmed Director Department of Community Development Zafar.Ahmed@citynmb.com Opa-Locka Esin Daniel Abia, EI,CGC, CBO, CFM Building Official eabia@Opalockafl.gov Palmetto Bay Dario Gonzalez Chief Structural Engineer/ Floodplain Reviewer dgonzalez@palmettobay-fl.gov Pinecrest Paul Buckler, RA Building Director pbuc@pinecrest-fl.gov South Miami Surami Cabrera Director of Development Services scabrera@southmiamifl.gov Sunny Isles Beach Dylan Battles Building Official dbattles@sibfl.net Surfside Manuel Salazar Building Official MSalazar@townofsurfsidefl.gov Sweetwater Alejandro Gomez, PE City Engineer agomez@cityofsweetwater.fl.gov Unincorporated Miami-Dade Marina Blanco -Pape Deputy Director - Regulatory and Economic Resources marina.blanco- pape@miamidade.gov Virginia Gardens Lazaro Garaboa Public Works Director LGaraboa@virginiagardens-fl.gov West Miami Frank Alonso Contracted Building Official falonso@amiengineer.com September 2025 P5-92 ATTEST: Signed by: By: 1-81-6.94 1 A-3-1 B4'H ... Todd B. Hannon City Clerk APPROVED AS TO FORM AND CORRECTNESS By: Signed by: DS DocuSigned by: Gt,arrc, iAisal4 Ill 5Ce E9F180248D... George K. Wysong III City Attorney Matter ID# 25-3168K THE CITY OF MIAMI, a municipal Corporation of the State of Florida DocuSigned by: r B IrlgaitV' NDVlt.,6�A. y' @-5.9eF6GC372BO42A... Arthur Noriega City Manager APPROVED AS TO INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS By: DocuSigned by: Fratnk Gowkt,zj 5CG31 4L7... David Ruiz, Interim Director Department of Risk Management Counterparts and Electronic Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Agreement. The parties shall be entitled to sign and transmit an electronic signature of this Agreement (whether by facsimile, PDF or other email transmission), which signature shall be binding on the party whose name is contained therein. Any party providing an electronic signature agrees to promptly execute and deliver to the other parties an original signed Agreement upon request. Olivera, Rosemary From: Ramlal, Vishwani Sent: Wednesday, December 10, 2025 9:48 AM To: Olivera, Rosemary; Hannon, Todd; Ewan, Nicole; Perez, Juan- Police Cc: Hardy, Robert C.; Alexandre, Marc; Garcia, Aida Subject: Matter ID# 25-3168K - Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 Attachments: Matter ID# 25-3168K - Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025.pdf Good morning, Attached, please find the fully executed agreement that is to be retained as an original by the City. Thank you, Vtiretooth ; a, a - ektenfigett. MBA Administrative Assistant I CAT of Miami, Department of Fire -Rescue Di ti;iori of Professional Standards 1131 N''" Street, 3" Floor ll uri, Florida 33136 Phone: .3051 416-5463 v ramlalen-Liamigov.coran. 1