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HomeMy WebLinkAboutExhibitsConsolidated Plan U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD) What's Inside: Needs Assessment Market Analysis Strategic Plan Annual Action Plan 2024-2028 NO t period begins on June 23, 2024, and ends on July 24, 2024. Comments shall be submitted in writing and must be received prior to 7/24/2024, via email to: rtazoe@miamigov.com, or mailed to the City of Miami, Dept. of Housing & Community Development, 14 NE 1st Ave., 2nd Floor, Miami, FL -ttn: Roberto Tazoe. Prepared by: Florida Housing Coalitio Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 ES-05 Executive Summary - 24 CFR 91.200(c), 91.220(b) 4 The Process 14 PR-05 Lead & Responsible Agencies 24 CFR 91.200(b) 14 PR-10 Consultation — 91.100, 91.110, 91.200(b), 91.300(b), 91.215(1) and 91.315(1) 15 PR-15 Citizen Participation — 91.105, 91.115, 91.200(c) and 91.300(c) 28 Needs Assessment 36 NA-05 Overview 36 NA-10 Housing Needs Assessment - 24 CFR 91.205 (a,b,c) 37 NA-15 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Problems — 91.205 (b)(2) 48 NA-20 Disproportionately Greater Need: Severe Housing Problems — 91.205 (b)(2) 52 NA-25 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens — 91.205 (b)(2) 57 NA-30 Disproportionately Greater Need: Discussion — 91.205(b)(2) 58 NA-35 Public Housing — 91.205(b) 59 NA-40 Homeless Needs Assessment — 91.205(c) 64 NA-45 Non -Homeless Special Needs Assessment - 91.205 (b,d) 70 NA-50 Non -Housing Community Development Needs — 91.215 (f) 74 Housing Market Analysis 78 MA-05 Overview 78 MA-10 Number of Housing Units — 91.210(a)&(b)(2) 80 MA-15 Housing Market Analysis: Cost of Housing - 91.210(a) 84 MA-20 Housing Market Analysis: Condition of Housing — 91.210(a) 88 MA-25 Public and Assisted Housing — 91.210(b) 93 MA-30 Homeless Facilities and Services — 91.210(c) 97 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 1 MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services — 91.210(d) 103 MA-40 Barriers to Affordable Housing — 91.210(e) 106 MA-45 Non -Housing Community Development Assets — 91.215 (f) 110 MA-50 Needs and Market Analysis Discussion 119 MA-60 Broadband Needs of Housing occupied by Low- and Moderate -Income Households - 91.210(a)(4), 91.310(a)(2) 124 MA-65 Hazard Mitigation - 91.210(a)(5), 91.310(a)(3) 126 Strategic Plan 131 SP-05 Overview 131 SP-10 Geographic Priorities — 91.215 (a)(1) 133 SP-25 Priority Needs - 91.215(a)(2) 135 SP-30 Influence of Market Conditions — 91.215 (b) 142 SP-35 Anticipated Resources— 91.215 (a)(4), 91.220 (c)(1,2) 144 SP-40 Institutional Delivery Structure — 91.215(k) 153 SP-45 Goals Summary-91.215(a)(4) 158 SP-50 Public Housing Accessibility and Involvement — 91.215(c) 168 SP-55 Barriers to affordable housing — 91.215(h) 170 SP-60 Homelessness Strategy — 91.215(d) 175 SP-65 Lead based paint Hazards — 91.215(i) 182 SP-70 Anti -Poverty Strategy — 91.215(j) 184 SP-80 Monitoring — 91.230 186 Expected Resources 188 AP-15 Expected Resources — 91.220(c)(1,2) 188 AP-20 Annual Goals and Objectives 197 AP-35 Projects — 91.220(d) 206 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 2 AP-50 Geographic Distribution — 91.220(f) 209 Affordable Housing 212 AP-55 Affordable Housing — 91.220(g) 212 AP-60 Public Housing-91.220(h) 213 AP-65 Homeless and Other Special Needs Activities — 91.220(i) 215 AP-70 HOPWA Goals— 91.220 (I)(3) 222 AP-75 Barriers to affordable housing — 91.220(j) 223 AP-85 Other Actions — 91.220(k) 225 AP-85 Program Specific Requirements — 91.220(I)(1,2,4) 229 Appendices 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 3 Executive Summary ES-05 Executive Summary - 24 CFR 91.2OO(c), 91.22O(b) Introduction As a recipient of federal funds through the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the City of Miami receives funds on an annual basis to address priority housing, homeless, community revitalization, and economic development needs locally identified through a comprehensive planning process and through extensive community engagement. To receive grant funds, the city must develop a Consolidated Plan, which includes a comprehensive housing needs assessment and market analysis to identify Miami's strengths and gaps. The Consolidated Plan details the city's strategy for addressing unmet needs and outlines a proposed budget for use of funds towards HUD eligible activities. This Consolidated Plan is for October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2029. The City of Miami will commit HUD funding over the next five years towards activities that support housing and community revitalization efforts, promote economic development and investments in underserved neighborhoods, and provide essential services benefitting low- income and vulnerable populations. The city will carry out programs in a manner that promotes equity. Purpose of the Plan The Consolidated Plan is part of a larger grants management and planning process that can be divided into four phases: (1) determining needs, (2) setting priorities, (3) determining resources, and (4) setting goals. The Consolidated Plan is designed to help the City of Miami assess affordable housing and community development needs and market conditions, and to make data -driven, place -based investment decisions. The consolidated planning process serves as the framework for a community -wide dialogue to identify community assets, strengths, and gaps to better align and focus funding. The Consolidated Plan is guided by three overarching goals that are applied according to a community's needs. The goals are: • To provide decent housing by preserving the affordable housing stock, increasing the availability of affordable housing, reducing discriminatory barriers, increasing the supply of supportive housing for those with special needs, and transitioning homeless persons and families into housing. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 4 • To provide a suitable living environment through safer, more livable and accessible neighborhoods, greater integration of low- and moderate -income residents throughout the city, increased housing opportunities, and reinvestment in aging neighborhoods. • To expand economic opportunities through job creation, homeownership opportunities, facade improvement, development activities that promote long-term community viability and the empowerment of low- and moderate -income persons to achieve self-sufficiency. Consolidated Plan HUD Grant Programs The city receives annual allocations under the following federal grants for which a HUD approved Consolidated Plan is required prior to allocating funds: • Community Development Block Grant (CDBG): The primary objective of this program is to develop viable communities by providing decent housing, a suitable living environment, and economic opportunities, principally for persons of low- and moderate - income levels. Funds can be used for activities that address needs such as infrastructure, economic development projects, public facilities installation, community centers, housing rehabilitation, public services, clearance/acquisition, microenterprise assistance, code enforcement, and homeowner assistance. • HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME): The HOME program is intended to exclusively create or preserve affordable housing. The program provides federal funds for the development and rehabilitation of affordable rental and ownership housing for low- and moderate -income households. HOME funds can be used for activities including building, buying, and/or rehabilitating affordable housing for rent or homeownership or providing direct rental assistance to low-income people. • Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG): The ESG program is intended to reduce homelessness and provide supportive services to homeless and at -risk populations. The ESG program provides funding to engage homeless individuals and families living on the street; improve the number and quality of emergency shelters for homeless individuals and families; help operate shelters; provide essential services to shelter residents; rapidly re -house homeless individuals and families; and prevent families and individuals from becoming homeless. • Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS (HOPWA): The HOIPWA program is the only federal program dedicated to the housing needs of people living with HIV/AIDS. Under the HOPWA Program, HUD makes grants to local communities, States, and nonprofit 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 5 organizations for projects that benefit low-income persons living with HIV/AIDS and their families. The city anticipates receiving the following allocations for the PY 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan period; however, allocations are subject to change dependent on the federal budget. • CDBG: $25,452,370 • HOME: $14,940,885 • ESG: $2,350,185 • HOPWA: $71,364,325 Plan Components The Consolidated Plan consists of five components: a description of the planning process and community outreach; a housing and community development needs assessment; a housing market analysis; a strategic plan that identifies strategies and details how HUD resources will be allocated over the next five years; and an annual action plan that details CDBG, HOME, ESG, and HOPWA allocations for PY 2024-2025. This plan was formulated using HUD's eCon planning suite, which dictates the plan's structure and provides a series of pre -populated tables. The city updated or supplemented the HUD - provided tables with more accurate or relevant data when possible and as data was made available to the public. Summary of the objectives and outcomes identified in the Plan Needs Assessment Overview The city's housing needs assessment identified six priority needs areas to be addressed during the PY 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan. The priority needs identified below meet the HUD National Objectives of providing decent housing, creating a suitable living environment, or providing economic opportunity. Priority needs, objectives, outcomes, and indicators projected for the 5- year period include: 0 Priority Need: Affordable Housing National Objective: Low/Moderate Housing Objective: Decent Housing Outcome: Accessibility/Availability Indicators: - Homeowner Housing Rehabilitated: 30 Household Housing Units - Rental Units Rehabilitated: 250 Household Housing Units 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 6 - Direct Financial Assistance to Homebuyers: 30 Households Assisted - Homeowner Housing Added: 50 Household Housing Units - Rental Units Constructed: 1,250 Household Housing Units - Tenant -Based Rental Assistance / Rapid Rehousing: 950 Households Assisted - HIV/AIDS Housing Operations: 26 Household Housing Units 2 Priority Need: Public Services National Objective: Low/Mod Income Area or Low/Mod Income Limited Clientele Objective: Create a Suitable Living Environment Outcome: Accessibility/ Availability Indicator: - Public Service Activities Other Than Low/Moderate Income Housing Benefit: 3,500 Persons Assisted 3 Priority Need: Public Facilities Improvements and Infrastructure National Objective: Low Income Area Benefit or Limited Clientele Objective: Create a Suitable Living Environment Outcome: Accessibility/ Availability Indicators: - Public Facility or Infrastructure Activities Other Than Low/Moderate Income Housing Benefit: 50,000 Persons Assisted 4 Priority Need: Economic Development National Objective: Low/Mod Income Area or Low/Mod Job Creation or Retention Objective: Create Economic Opportunities Outcome: Sustainability Indicator: - Businesses Assisted: 500 Businesses Assisted - Jobs Created/Retained: 10 Jobs 5 Priority Need: Homeless and Special Needs Populations Assistance National Objective: Low Income Housing/ Low Income Limited Clientele Objective: Decent Housing / Create a Suitable Living Environment Outcome: Availability/Accessibility Indicators: Homelessness Prevention: 250 Persons Assisted Homeless Person Overnight Shelter: 7,500 Persons Assisted 6 Priority Need: Planning and Administration National Objective: N/A Objective: Create or Sustain a Suitable Living Environment Outcome: Sustainability 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 7 Indicator: N/A Evaluation of past performance The city regularly monitors and evaluates its past performance to ensure meaningful progress is made toward its goals identified in its previous PY 2019-2023 Consolidated Plan. As reported in the city's most recent Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report (CAPER), the city has met or exceeded goals for many activities. Goals met or exceeded include: • HIV/AIDS Housing Operations: 107.7% • HIV/AIDS Housing Supportive Services: 99.8% • Homeless Persons Overnight Shelter: 1,974% • Homelessness Prevention and STRMU: 115.7% • Homeless Street Outreach: 107.5% • Job Creation/Retention: 112.5% • Public Facilities and Infrastructure Improvements: 4,357% • Rehabilitation of Affordable Rental Units: 171% • Rental Assistance/TBRA/RRH/Section 8: 114.9% Activities near completion include the provision of public services at 79% and activities halfway or just over halfway completed include commercial facade/code enforcement at 46.4%, direct financial assistance to homebuyers at 49.2%, and technical assistance to businesses at 59.3%. It is to be noted that the program year does not end until September 30, 2024, and the city continues to work towards completing its five-year goals. The city also undertakes large scale housing development where its federal funds are leveraged and blended with multiple funding sources. Construction of new housing can be a multi -year process and accomplishments may not be reported at this time. In addition, during the PY 2019- 2023 consolidated planning period, the city was impacted by the pandemic and unprecedented housing market shifts directly affecting the completion of housing activities including new construction of rental and owner housing and housing rehabilitation. Construction and material costs have increased significantly over the previous 5 years exacerbating barriers to developing affordable housing. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 8 The table below summarizes progress made on each goal identified in the Consolidated Plan as of September 30, 2023. Camrnerdal Facade/ Code Enroroernent Construction of New Home Owner Units Construction or New Rental Units N onaiousiro Community Development Affordabe Housins Affordable Housin6 Direct Financial Assisbnceto Horne auYers Affordable Housin6 HIV/AIDS Housing Operations HIVIAIDS Housing Supportive Seruic Homeless Pseareartion andSTRMU Homeless Street 0 utrseach Fab Crealion/ieter Lion Prorision or Public Services Affordable Hcrusine Homeless ,f'ordebe Housin6 Non-4 melem Special Needs Homeless Homeless Non-Houarg Community Development Non -cousins Corrmurity Development &usinesms assied Homeowner Hots n5 Adced Rental units o oristnicted Dirck F nencial Assistance to Homehuyers HIV.AIDS Noune Dpvatiorc Tenenk-eased canto_ assi anee: Homeless Persons OverniV,t Sflelte I Hat it Homelessnem Preventan & STRMU Homeless Persons ❑ vernieat Snelte- !ohs reokedfrrtan ed PLD cser.ioe: Pubic Feolibes anti Infrastructure Irrproaernents Rehabilitation of Affordable Hume Owner Units N an-HausinG Community Oeveloprnent Affordable H¢.rsin6 Dtrer Homeowner Hot. �q Rene Di toted Re tisbilimtion of rrardable Rents] Units Affordatrlepentad Drills Hausins netraaiitated RentalArsistanot— Non-;-4ousirc "MIMIRapid Community R.ehousinH/53 Development Teehnk 1Assistanceto &.slues N on -Housing Community Development Tenant -cased rents assictence B sinesxs assied Bvsine Assisted HoJseho c HoJsin3 HoJsehotc HoJsiry U nit Househotls Assisted Haasehold Housir Urit 26 Househottr Assi tact ssO Persons AsdAetl 311 Persons Asssted 400 Persons AssiXed Jots Persons Assisted HoJsehold Housing L 7a Homeholc Housine; 7500 11 d 331 2110 33 49.2% 13. 9 23 107. T?S 946 99.E;a 987 DEMO 32 36 71CD 3,933 3 Householes Assied 1272 E.sine s Assisted 130 107.53S 212230 2b 342 B9 26 2!6 813 R 91 15IX moo' 2 17 6SD 1,00D 13 40 12 30 3 430% Summary of citizen participation process and consultation process The City of Miami recognizes the importance of intentional and inclusive community engagement and conducts robust, comprehensive, and effective citizen participation process. The community 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 9 insights and ideals gained from this outreach are invaluable resources to the development of an appropriate, comprehensive, and meaningful strategy set forth in this plan. The Citizen Participation Plan (CPP) encourages public participation, emphasizing involvement by low and moderate -income persons, particularly those living in areas targeted for revitalization and areas where funding is proposed. In addition, it encourages the participation of all its citizens, including minorities, non-English speaking persons, and individuals with disabilities. The city began engaging citizens through the fair housing planning process in June 2023 while preparing its Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. Much of the input received and data gathered coordinates with the Consolidated Plan. The city published the Consolidated Plan virtual engagement experience in February 2024 which offered multiple ways for citizens to participate in the preparation of the Consolidated Plan including through a community needs survey and a quick poll about barriers to service delivery. The online community needs survey was open from February through May 2024 which garnered additional input related to helping the city identify priority needs. The city hosted three on -site public meetings in April 2024 and an additional virtual stakeholder meeting in June 2024. Direct invitations to participate were sent to nearly 70 stakeholder organizations including housing and homeless partners, non-profit organizations and direct service providers, local businesses, city departments, and leadership. In addition, the city solicited input from residents and other stakeholders through newspapers, local media outlets, official governmental websites, and social media. Meetings were conducted to ensure inclusion of all residents, target areas, beneficiaries of federal resources awarded through the public awards process, and public and private agencies operating in the city. Public meetings and public hearings were held and conducted in accordance with 24 CFR Part 91 and the city's Citizen Participation Plan. Public input and stakeholder feedback was recorded and incorporated into this Consolidated Plan. The city solicited comments on the draft Consolidated Plan and Annual Action Plan from June 22, 2024, through July 23, 2024. The city also held a public hearing on July 25, 2024. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 10 Summary of public comments The city kept a record of all comments received through the public engagement process including from virtual engagement and on -site community meetings. All public input was considered and incorporated into the Consolidated Plan as applicable. The following is a summary of public comments. FHC Connect — Virtual Engagement • Respondents were primarily residents of Miami living. • 36% of respondents reside in zip code 33142. • Respondents representing community organizations primarily serviced the youth population. • 36% of respondents have applied for food and/or utility assistance through city programs. • Top 5 public service needs — transportation services, childcare, employment training, youth services, senior services. Also mentioned was general healthcare and mental health services. • Top 5 housing needs: down payment assistance, rent subsidy, housing for elderly, housing for homeless families, and housing rehabilitation. • Top 5 economic assistance needs — financial assistance to small businesses, transportation to/from job centers, financial assistance to community organizations, employment training, commercial rehabilitation. • Top 5 infrastructure/public facility needs — parks, sports and recreational facilities, open space, public transit, shelter/transportation stop improvements. Also mentioned were community centers, public safety facilities, road repairs, electricity (underground power lines, improved sub stations). • The zip codes/areas most impacted by gaps in service delivery were 33130, 33142, 33125, 33127, 33150, 33147, 33138, Golden Pines, Model City, Flora Park, South Beach, Little Haiti, Allapattah, urban areas, and undeveloped areas. • Respondents indicated that City of Miami programs could be improved with enhanced communication and outreach/engagement, more centers and local offices, better responsiveness to the community, streamline and digitize processes. Public Meetings Housing, Priorities: • Housing affordability • Rental assistance 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 11 • Housing for the homeless • Housing rehabilitation • Housing for individuals with disabilities and seniors • Foreclosure prevention • New construction Public Services, Priorities: • Youth services • Senior services • Homeless services, housing counseling, youth services, and transportation access and affordability • Food access and nutrition Public Facilities, Priorities: • Storm water management and street improvements (two-way tie) • Water/sewer and daycares (two-way tie) • Parks and recreation facilities • Traffic concerns and road improvements • Broadband services • Public facilities - event locations, after school care, YMCA, green space, weekends, youth, senior center, Juan Pablo Duarte Park, public gym. Economic Development, Priorities: • Financial assistance/micro-enterprise loans • Technical assistance/training. • Commercial rehabilitation/business facade improvements Summary of comments or views not accepted and the reasons for not accepting them There were no comments, opinions, or statements rejected during the public comment period, survey collection, stakeholder forums, publicly available meetings, or public hearings. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 12 Summary The Consolidated Plan and First -Year Annual Action Plan are formal documents that detail how the City of Miami will allocate its CDBG, HOME, ESG, and HOPWA funds to serve the community and address priority needs. Through the Consolidated Plan process, the City of Miami engaged the community, both in the process of developing and reviewing the proposed plan, and as partners and stakeholders in the implementation of Housing and Community Development programs. By consulting and collaborating with other public and private entities, the city can better align and coordinate housing and community development programs and resources to achieve greater impact. All comments included in the Consolidated Plan and Annual Action Plan will be further discussed and reviewed as part of the city's ongoing development of affordable housing, economic development, self-sufficiency, public services, and other endeavors within the jurisdiction. These discussions will continue to foster citizen engagement and input to determine future actions to address community needs. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 13 The Process PR-05 Lead & Responsible Agencies 24 CFR 91.200(b) Describe agency/entity responsible for preparing the Consolidated Plan and those responsible for administration of each grant program and funding source The following are the agencies/entities responsible for preparing the Consolidated Plan and those responsible for administration of each grant program and funding source. Agency Role Name Department/Agency CDBG Administrator City of Miami Housing and Community Development HOPWA Administrator City of Miami Housing and Community Development HOME Administrator City of Miami Housing and Community Development ESG Administrator City of Miami Housing and Community Development Table 1— Responsible Agencies Narrative As lead agency, the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is responsible for the implementation of HUD grant funds and strategies identified in the Consolidated Plan. This responsibility includes overall planning, general management, oversight, and coordination of all activities. Other city departments may be active stakeholders in housing and community development projects. HCD administers contractual agreements with subrecipients and the community housing development organization (CHDO). Program financials, reporting, record - keeping, and other administrative procedures follow established HUD regulations and protocol as directed by the City Commission and City Manager. Consolidated Plan Public Contact Information Roberto Tazoe, Assistant Director City of Miami, Department of Housing & Community Development ONE Flagler Building 14 NE 1st Avenue, 2nd Floor Miami, FL 33132 Phone: 305-416-1984 I Email: RTazoe@miamigov.com 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 14 PR-10 Consultation — 91.100, 91.110, 91.200(b), 91.300(b), 91.215(1) and 91.315(1) Introduction The City of Miami actively engaged with citizens, neighborhood groups, nonprofits, housing and community development partners, and governmental agencies to identify community needs and prioritize actions in the Consolidated Plan. Emphasizing inclusivity, the city sought participation from all residents, with a focus on marginalized groups such as low-income populations, minorities, individuals with limited English proficiency, and those with disabilities. The citizen participation process for the Consolidated Plan commenced in April 2024. The city conducted three in -person public meetings to gather input from interested citizens and stakeholders on Thursday, April 18, and Monday April 22; a HOPWA-specific meeting was held on Thursday April 25. The first meeting location was Miami City Hall, and it was both broadcast live on the city's local TV station and recorded and posted on the city's dedicated Consolidated Planning web page, fhcconncect.org/miami-hud-consolidated-planning. The second meeting was held at a city -owned facility which was partially funded by CDBG funds in the past, the Allapattah Community Action, Inc. On the dedicated Consolidated Planning webpage, guests could take a survey with specific questions about the housing, service, facility, and economic needs of the City's most vulnerable populations, answer a poll asking for the greatest barrier to receiving essential services in Miami, make a comment in the Guestbook, or ask a question of planning staff. Flyers with a link to the page were emailed to a stakeholder list and provided to attendees at community meetings. For the FY 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan, a 30-day public comment period was observed from June 22 —July 23, 2024. Notices were published in local media, posted on the city's website, and shared on social media platforms. A final public hearing was held before the City Commission on July 25, 2024, providing another opportunity for public input on draft plans. Provide a concise summary of the jurisdiction's activities to enhance coordination between public and assisted housing providers and private and governmental health, mental health and service agencies (91.215(1)). To enhance collaboration among housing providers and other stakeholders in community development, the HCD actively engages in several boards and committees. It holds a seat on the Housing Committee of the local Continuum of Care (CoC), represented by the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust. Moreover, the HCD is actively participates as a permanent board member in the Miami -Dade HIV/AIDS Partnership Board, dedicated to addressing the needs of the HIV/AIDS 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 15 community in the county. These activities enable the HCD to stay informed about developments in publicly -funded programs and address community concerns effectively. Throughout the year, HCD administrators attend numerous meetings, conferences, and workshops, engaging directly with representatives from various agencies and entities across Miami -Dade County. This face-to-face communication is crucial for fostering collaborative relationships in community development. The HCD also organizes multiple workshops annually to educate housing providers on various topics, including fair housing practices and Davis Bacon regulations. The HCD collaborates with a diverse range of entities, including: • Homeless Services: Miami -Dade Homeless Trust, Citrus Health Network, Miami Coalition for the Homeless, Inc., Department of Human Services, Carrfour Supportive Housing, and Chapman Partnership. • Social Services: Alliance for the Aging, multiple social service providers catering to the elderly, youth, children, and persons with disabilities. • Housing: Various for -profit developers, Community Development Corporations (CHDOs), Neighborhood Housing Services of South Florida, South Florida Regional Planning Council, Public Housing and Community Development Department of Miami -Dade County (PHCD), HOPE, Inc., Miami Realtors Association. • Economic Development: The Beacon Council, Democracy at Work Institute, National League of Cities, Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs). • Health Services: Miami -Dade Health Department, Florida Department of Health, Citrus Health Network. Describe coordination with the Continuum of Care and efforts to address the needs of homeless persons (particularly chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans, and unaccompanied youth) and persons at risk of homelessness Through collaboration and engagement, the city works to address homelessness effectively both within and outside of its geographic boundaries. As members of the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust (MDHT) and its Joint Housing Services Committee, the City of Miami shares resources and fosters collaboration to address homelessness in alignment with the CoC's "Housing First" approach. The City of Miami provides ESG funding for street outreach and rapid re -housing programs within its jurisdiction, thereby providing support and ideas to these collaborating programs about programs on an ongoing basis. The MDHT serves as the designated CoC for Miami -Dade County under the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act (HEARTH). Working closely with the City of Miami 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 16 and other recipients of HUD Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) funds in the County, the MDHT has implemented Standards of Care to uphold the health, safety, and well-being of homeless individuals. MDHT has also established a centralized Coordinated Entry system and related Policies and Procedures Manual to promote coordination among service providers. This system ensures that individuals and families entering the homeless services system receive a comprehensive assessment of their needs, regardless of how they enter the system or where they are located in the City or County. The MDHT also developed specific procedures to support individuals and families fleeing domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, who seek shelter or services from non -victim service providers. Describe consultation with the Continuum(s) of Care that serves the jurisdiction's area in determining how to allocate ESG funds, develop performance standards and evaluate outcomes, and develop funding, policies and procedures for the administration of HMIS The City meets several times a year with the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust and the overall CoC to discuss policy, procedures, programs, and allocation of funds, including ESG dollars. To administer their rapid -rehousing program funded by ESG. The MDHT regularly meets with participating partners to review project -level data and to discuss HMIS system updates. However, all CoC agencies are responsible for maintaining their own compliance with federal regulations as set by U.S. HUD and with HIPPA standards. Describe Agencies, groups, organizations and others who participated in the process and describe the jurisdictions consultations with housing, social service agencies and other entities 1 Agency/Group/Organization Miami -Dade Homeless Trust Agency/Group/Organization Type Services -homeless Other government - County What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homelessness Strategy Homeless Needs - Chronically homeless Homeless Needs - Families with children Homelessness Needs - Veterans Homelessness Needs - Unaccompanied youth 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 17 How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Consulted via email and invited to participate in all meetings and virtual activities. This entity leads the area's CoC and administers HUD funding, as well as local Food & Beverage Tax dollars towards fighting homelessness in all of Miami -Dade County. The Trust's input was sought for the Consolidated Plan and was incorporated. The City will continue efforts to coordinate with the COC to provide essential services when possible. 2 Agency/Group/Organization Carrfour Supportive housing Agency/Group/Organization Type Public Housing Authority (non-profit) Support for individuals with HIV/AIDS and their families Support for homeless What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Staff were consulted about programs being implemented, including vouchers being used and housing units available within the City of Miami. Carrfour's input was sought for the Consolidated Plan and incorporated. 3 Agency/Group/Organization Miami -Dade Public Housing Authority (PHA) Agency/Group/Organization Type Public Housing Authority What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Staff were consulted about the number of public housing units and vouchers in use, number of families on the waiting list for vouchers, demographics of individuals and families in units and using vouchers from all federal programs, and other specific housing information needed for the housing needs assessment. Information collected was used were incorporated into the Needs Assessment. 4 Agency/Group/Organization Miami Housing Conservation Agency/Group/Organization Type Public Housing Authority What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 18 How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Staff were consulted about the number of public housing units and vouchers in use, number of families on the waiting list for vouchers, demographics of individuals and families in units and using vouchers from all federal programs (Housing Choice Vouchers, HOPWA, etc.), and other housing information needed for the housing needs assessment. Information collected was used were incorporated into the Needs Assessment. 5 Agency/Group/Organization Centro Mater Child Care Services Agency/Group/Organization Type Services -Children What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? A representative of Centro Mater Child Care Services provided responses to the online survey, particularly focused on the needs of children and youth regarding housing and nutrition, which were incorporated into the Needs Assessment and Market Analysis of this plan. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 19 6 Agency/Group/Organization Engage Miami Agency/Group/Organization Type Advocacy — Black and Latinx Youth What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? A representative of Engage Miami responded to the online survey, providing responses on behalf of the communities they represent, being youth Black and Latinx voices and community leaders, which were incorporated into the Needs Assessment and Market Analysis of this plan. 7 Agency/Group/Organization Hosanna Community Foundation Agency/Group/Organization Type Nonprofit What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? A representative of Hosanna Community Foundation responded to the online survey, providing responses on behalf of the communities they represent, being inner city families and youth, which were incorporated into the Needs Assessment and Market Analysis of this plan. 8 Agency/Group/Organization Prospera Agency/Group/Organization Type Economic development organization What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Prospera is an economic development nonprofit organization specializing in providing bilingual assistance to Hispanic entrepreneurs trying to establish or expand their business. Prospera empowers these entrepreneurs through training, support and resources so their businesses can grow and prosper. Their comments were incorporated into the Needs Assessment and Market Analysis for this plan. 9 Agency/Group/Organization Miami Homes for All Agency/Group/Organization Type Housing Advocacy What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 20 How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Housing for All staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being low- and no -income residents across Miami -Dade County who struggle to find a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 10 Agency/Group/Organization Freedom, Prison, and Jail Ministry Agency/Group/Organization Type Housing Advocacy What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? This organization's leader attended an in -person community engagement workshop and provided input from the perspective of the vulnerable population for whom they advocate, being formerly incarcerated homeless adults. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 11 Agency/Group/Organization Allapattah CDC Agency/Group/Organization Type Community Development Corporation What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Allapattah staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being low- and no -income residents in Allapattah who struggle to find a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 12 Agency/Group/Organization Allapattah Neighborhood Association Agency/Group/Organization Type Neighborhood Association What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 21 How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Allapattah Neighborhood Association members attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from their neighborhood residents regarding housing. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 13 Agency/Group/Organization Allapattah YMCA Agency/Group/Organization Type Nonprofit organization What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? YMCA staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being seniors, youth, and low - and no -income residents in Allapattah who struggle to find a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 14 Agency/Group/Organization Allapattah Community Action, Inc. Agency/Group/Organization Type Food pantry/homeless services What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Allapattah Community Action Inc. staff attended an in- person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being low - and no -income residents in Allapattah who struggle to find a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 15 Agency/Group/Organization Indelible Solutions Agency/Group/Organization Type Consulting Firm What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 22 How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Indelible staff came to one of the in -person community meetings to listen and learn and provide perspective from their work in emergency management, health and human services, transportation, and technology. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 16 Agency/Group/Organization Center of Information & Orientation, Inc. (CIO) Agency/Group/Organization Type Nonprofit What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? CIO staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being immigrant residents in Little Haiti and across Miami -Dade County who struggle to find a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 17 Agency/Group/Organization Association for the Development of the Exceptional, Inc. (ADE) Agency/Group/Organization Type Job training for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? ADE staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being adults with autism, intellectual disabilities, and developmental disabilities who struggle to find a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 18 Agency/Group/Organization Neighbors and Neighbors Association (NANA) Agency/Group/Organization Type Small business incubator/economic development What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 23 How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? NANA staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being entrepreneurs in Miami. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 19 Agency/Group/Organization Empower U Inc. (EUCHC) Agency/Group/Organization Type Community health center What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? EUCHC staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being low- and no -income residents in Liberty City who struggle to find medical care and a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 20 Agency/Group/Organization SABER University Agency/Group/Organization Type Non -Profit What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? SABER staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being Spanish-speaking Miami - Dade County. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 21 Agency/Group/Organization A Leap of Faith Foundation Agency/Group/Organization Type Nonprofit What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 24 How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? A Leap of Faith Foundation staff attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the population they serve, being low - and no -income residents across Miami -Dade County who struggle to find a safe and affordable place to live. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. 22 Agency/Group/Organization Model City Citizen Advisory Committee (CAC) Agency/Group/Organization Type Community organization What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Need Assessment Market Analysis How was the Agency/Group/Organization consulted and what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or areas for improved coordination? Model City CAC representatives attended an in -person community engagement workshop to provide perspective from the perspective of Model City residents. Contributions were incorporated into housing and market needs assessments and recommendations. Table 2 — Agencies, groups, organizations who participated. Identify any Agency Types not consulted and provide rationale for not consulting. The City of Miami strives to consult with all types of agencies involved in or affected by the Consolidated Plan and Annual Action Plan and does everything possible to ensure that no local agencies are excluded. While local publicly funded institutions such as mental health and correctional facilities were not available for consultation, the city did engage with local non-profit organizations that serve populations previously residing in or assisted by these agency types. These organizations, which provide services to homeless individuals, those needing mental health care, and youth in foster care, were consulted through public meetings and invited to respond to the online survey. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 25 Other local/regional/state/federal planning efforts considered when preparing the Plan. Name of Plan Lead Organization How do the goals of your Strategic Plan overlap with the goals of each plan? Miami Dade County Housing Needs Assessment Miami Homes for All Provides an overview of needs and strategies to help increase affordable units, diversify the housing stock, and promote equitable housing choice which aligns with the affordable housing priority need in the Consolidated Plan. Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) South Florida Regional Planning Council's (SFRPC) The data and analysis of economic conditions, barriers, and strategies in the CEDS informs economic developments needs related to housing; particularly in section MA-45, Non - Housing Community Development Assets in the Consolidated Plan. Miami -Dade County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Miami -Dade County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) The data and analysis of environmental conditions and hazard risks in the LMS informs economic developments needs related to housing; particularly in section MA-65 Hazard Mitigation in the Consolidated Plan. Unified Sea Level Rise Projection Southeast Florida, 2019 Update Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact (Sea Level Rise Ad Hoc Work Group) The data and analysis of sea level rise conditions and risks, including a market analysis, in this document, overlaps with housing market and vulnerability assessments, particularly in section MA-65 Hazard Mitigation in the Consolidated Plan. Continuum of Care Strategic Plan Miami Homeless Trust The Miami Homeless Trust's organizational mission overlaps with the City of Miami's Strategic Plan and Action Plan goals through enhanced coordination between public and private social service providers, as well as community outreach on issues related to homelessness. Local Housing Assistance Plan (LHAP) City of Miami The City of Miami LHAP includes goals related to homeownership and rental housing, both of which are identified as priority needs in this Consolidated Plan, particularly in terms of expanding the supply of affordable housing. Comprehensive Plan City of Miami The Housing, Transportation, and Future Land Use Elements of the city's Comprehensive Plan identify goals in support of activities that 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 26 align with housing and community improvement needs and priorities of the Consolidated Plan. PHA Five -Year Plan Miami -Dade PHA The PHA annual plans include increasing access to affordable housing and supporting services to achieve self-sufficiency as goals which aligns with the city's affordable housing priorities. Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice City of Miami Analyzes fair housing data, issues and factors contributing to housing discrimination and then identifies goals and priorities to address these issues, including collaboration with other entities. PHA Five -Year Plan City of Miami (Miami Housing Conservation) The PHA annual plans include increasing access to affordable housing and supporting services to achieve self-sufficiency as goals which aligns with the city's affordable housing priorities. Table 3 — Other local / regional / federal planning efforts Describe cooperation and coordination with other public entities, including the State and any adjacent units of general local government, in the implementation of the Consolidated Plan (91.215(1)) The City collaborated with several public entities to develop this plan, including the Miami -Dade Public Housing Authority and Miami -Dade County. In the implementation of this plan, the City coordinates with the Florida Housing Finance Corporation to implement affordable housing efforts that often align directly with the priorities of the Consolidated Plan. SHIP funds are frequently leveraged with federal HOME and CDBG funds, requiring coordination with this state agency. The City also partners with many local quasi -public agencies and with City and County committees to support planning goals which follow HUD's National Objectives, including providing affordable, safe, and sanitary housing, creating a suitable living environment, and expanding economic opportunities for low and moderate -income individuals. At the core of these goals is the City's commitment to developing a plan for providing housing and supportive services to its low-income residents that is built on community input and collaboration. The City will continue building partnerships with adjacent units of local and state government entities such as emergency management, public works, and agencies focused on fair housing, equal opportunity, lending, and others in order to expand its expertise, capacity, reach, and effectiveness. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 27 PR-15 Citizen Participation — 91.105, 91.115, 91.200(c) and 91.300(c) Summary of citizen participation process/Efforts made to broaden citizen participation. Summarize citizen participation process and how it impacted goal setting. In its efforts to involve diverse stakeholders in the Consolidated Planning process, the HCD employs multiple outreach strategies. The city employed two primary outreach strategies to receive broad public input on development of the Consolidated Plan: the FHC Connect -hosted Miami Consolidated Plan website with multiple engagement activities, and in -person public engagement meetings. By providing an open webpage with ongoing virtual activities and going to different Districts for in -person meetings, the city utilized a hybrid approach, which allowed a broad diversity of residents to participate. Public Meetings Invitations were extended to residents, developers, public service agencies, housing and civic associations, economic development providers, clients, and other city departments. Outreach was conducted through printed advertisements in The Miami Herald, multiple email campaigns, and the distribution of printed flyers to all agencies. At the public meetings, attendees were asked a series of questions intended to collect plan - specific data and generate discussion. In adherence to U.S. HUD's suggestions for informational meetings, at the hearings the public was provided with an informational handout that included the latest total funding allocation breakdowns and an up-to-date listing of entities funded with federal monies (HUD) as well as a historical review of past federal funding received. These public meetings to discuss CDBG, HOME and ESG funding for the upcoming Five -Year Consolidated Plan were held after working hours, as follows: 1. Thursday, April 18, 2024, 5:30 PM, Miami City Hall, Commission Chambers, 3500 Pan American Dr., Miami, FL 33133 2. Monday, April 22, 2024, 5:00 PM, Allapattah Community Action, 2257 North River Dr., Miami, FL 33125 3. HOPWA-specific Meeting: Thursday, April 25, 2024, 4:30 PM, Joseph Caleb Center, Room 110, 5400 NW 22 Ave., Room 110, Miami, FL 33142 The first community meeting was held in City Commission District 2 at the Miami Commission Chambers. It was recorded in case of later request for records and was also broadcast live. The second community meeting was held in the City Hall Commission Chambers in District 1 at a building that used CDBG funds in its construction, the Allapattah Community Action center. After addressing the attendees' language needs at the start of the meeting, the bulk of the second meeting was held in Spanish due to most of the persons in the audience being Spanish speakers 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 28 and the English speakers (four) were seated next to a department staff member who served as their translator. All attendees could submit their comments in either English or Spanish as City representatives conducting the meeting were all bilingual. This meeting's audio was recorded. The third meeting was specifically about community needs to be addressed by HOPWA funds and was open to the entire county. The meeting was held at the Joseph Caleb Center. Online Participation The city recognizes that traditional methods of outreach often unintentionally exclude underserved populations and is committed to making changes to its planning process with the intention of eliminating barriers to participation. While the City complied with federal citizen participation regulations, a key effort made to broaden participation was launching the FHC Connect virtual experience in addition to holding meetings at a physical location. FHC Connect utilizes current technology to meet the increasing demand for a virtual presence. Outreach has changed, particularly since the pandemic, and FHC Connect is a progressive outreach method for maximizing citizen participation. This unique virtual experience is an all -in - one community engagement platform offering a set of comprehensive tools and widgets to collect stakeholder input and data. The platform allows partners and stakeholders to participate in a service -specific survey and allowed residents the opportunity to comment on the draft Consolidated Plan and Annual Action Plan during the 30-day comment period. The platform complies with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), offers convenience, and the ability to engage at a comfortable pace. These features often increase participation by marginalized populations. Available features of FHC Connect include: 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 29 FHC Connect c7L) A virtual experience offering multiple ways to maximize community engagement, promoting better results. D Peer -to -Peer Participants can engage with each other. Engagement Tools Regulated Participants voice opinions in a guided way. + Polls + Surveys 4 0 Individualized Contributions are made from an individual perspective. T Stories T Guest Book Questions The FHC Connect website was translated to Spanish, allowing limited English-speaking residents to engage. Engagement activities on both the English and Spanish -translated websites that were open to the public from March through May 2024 on the Consolidated Plan website included: • Taking A Survey: Respond to specific questions about the housing, service, and economic needs of the city's most vulnerable populations. • Answering A Poll: Select what you consider to be the greatest barrier to receiving essential services in Miami. • Commenting In the Guestbook: Provide your comments on the draft Consolidated Plan. • Asking Questions: Inquire privately about the city's HUD grant programs, eligible use of funds, and more. Direct Agency Consultation Partner agencies and stakeholders were invited to participate in any of the public meetings held throughout the process and two virtual meetings were held specifically for partner agencies and organizations. During these meetings, partners were given the opportunity to provide input on priority community needs and the specific needs of their clientele. Additionally, City staff did direct outreach and requested interviews with pertinent stakeholders to gather input and information as needed. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 30 Efforts to Broaden Participation The city focused its efforts on reaching the broadest audience possible, while also employing methods specific to underserved populations. The City's approach included utilizing television, radio, and print media. The city broadened outreach by utilizing their organizational websites and social media pages and publicizing the process in monthly newsletters and regional media releases. It is important to note that the city made every effort to advertise notices in an alternate language newspaper. Public Notices and other advertisements were distributed at physical locations and electronically to stakeholders including organizations representing populations that are typically underrepresented in the planning process such as persons who reside in target areas, persons who are limited English proficient (LEP), and individuals with disabilities. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 31 Public Participation Mode of Outreach Target of Outreach Summary of response and attendance Summary of comments received Summary of comments not accepted and reasons URL (if applicable) 1 FHC Connect Virtual Engagement All residents of Miami Non -English Speaking — Specify other language: Spanish Minorities Persons with Disabilities Residents of Public and Assisted Housing Non-targeted/broad community Total visits: English — 383 Spanish — 115 Total Engaged: 12 Total Informed: 42 Total Aware:412 Surveys: 12 Quick Polls: 3 Refer to summary of comments in the Executive Summary of this plan. N/A https://www.fhccon nect.org/miami-hud- consolidated - planning 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 32 2 Public Meeting April 18, 2024 All residents of Miami Non -English Speaking — Specify other language: Spanish Minorities Persons with Disabilities Residents of Public and Assisted Housing Non-targeted/broad community 9 in -person attendees p Broadcast on Channel 77 Refer to summary of comments in the Executive Summary of this plan. N/A N/A 3 Public Meeting April 22, 2024 All residents of Miami Non -English Speaking — Specify other language: Spanish Minorities Persons with Disabilities Residents of Public and Assisted Housing 44 in -person attendees Refer to summary of comments in the Executive Summary of this plan. N/A N/A 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 33 Non-targeted/broad community 4 Public Meeting April 25, 2024 All residents of Miami Persons with AIDS and their families 20 in -person attendees Refer to summary of comments in the Executive Summary of this plan. N/A N/A 5 Virtual Stakeholder Meeting July 1, 2024 Housing Partners Non Profit Organizations Service Providers 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 34 All residents of Miami Non -English Speaking — Specify other language: Spanish Minorities The City of Miami presented the proposed PY 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan and the PY 2024-2025 Annual Action Plan to the City Commission. During 6 Public Hearing Persons with Disabilities Residents of Public and Assisted Housing Non-targeted/broad community City Commissioners the presentation, city staff presented the overall funding amounts, steps taken to solicit public feedback, and answered questions from Commissioners and attendees. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan Table 4 - Public Participation Outreach City of Miami 35 Needs Assessment NA-05 Overview Needs Assessment Overview The assessment consists of the following sections: Housing Needs Assessment — Data identifies the most common housing problems as housing cost burden and severe housing cost burden. These housing problems specifically impact extremely low-income households and renters at the greatest level. Reviewing the housing needs of low- and moderate -income households by race and ethnic group indicates that Hispanic households experience greater housing needs as a whole. The analysis of American Community Survey (ACS) and Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, as well as data and information from local sources, show that there is a significant need for affordable housing in the City of Miami. Public Housing — The Public Housing in Miami is operated/managed by the Public Housing and Community Development Department of Miami -Dade County. The City of Miami does not operate any public housing but does manage 366 vouchers. PHCD also utilizes Housing Choice Vouchers within city boundaries and operates 6,677 public housing units in the City of Miami. Homeless Needs Assessment — According to the 2023 PIT Count for the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust CoC, 3,657 persons were experiencing homelessness, and of that total, 2,599 persons were experiencing sheltered homelessness (Emergency Shelter or Transitional Shelter) and 1,058 persons were experiencing unsheltered homelessness. Non -Homeless Special Needs Assessment — The City identified the non -homeless special needs population that require supportive services such as the elderly, frail elderly, people with disabilities, people with alcohol or other drug addiction, victims of domestic violence, and persons living with HIV/AIDS and their families. Affordable housing as well as supportive services are high needs for these populations. Non -Housing Community Development Needs - Based on information gathered through input from residents and stakeholders as well as the review of local studies, the city's non -housing community development needs include: community services for youth, parks and open space, public safety facilities fire stations, police stations, emergency operations centers, more accessible event spaces, senior centers, transportation services including improvements to bus hubs/stops and street improvements, storm water management infrastructure, water/sewer infrastructure, electricity infrastructure, childcare, youth services, senior services. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 36 NA-10 Housing Needs Assessment - 24 CFR 91.205 (a,b,c) Summary of Housing Needs The City of Miami must consider the household type, size, composition, and condition, in addition to the cost of housing when developing housing goals for the next five-year period. Understanding the City's housing patterns allows for a comprehensive strategy for addressing needs. Housing information collected enables the City to evaluate the type and condition of the City's current housing stock and the number and type of families or individuals in need of housing assistance. Data gathered will assist in identifying proper housing services that should be provided to sustain affordable housing and to address housing needs for all income levels and categories of persons affected. According to the American Community Surveys 2022, the population increased by 13.34% from 391,458 persons to 443,665 persons since 2010. Households increased by 24.86% from 149,077 households to 186,137. The median household income also increased by 85.20% from $29,621 to $54,858 during the same timeframe. The increase in population living in Miami indicates a need for additional affordable housing units. When examining household characteristics in the City, 37% (61,300) are small family households (2-4 members) and 6% (10,125) are large family households (5 or more members). The remaining are non -family households, such as persons living alone or with nonrelatives. Approximately 35% of households contain elderly persons: 35,090 (21%) of the households contain at least one person 62-74 years of age, and 22,170 (14%) contain at least one person who is age 75 or older. Twelve percent (19,475) of households have one or more children under the age of six (6). Sixty- four percent (105,845) of households in Miami have incomes in the low- and moderate -income range (0-80% AMI). A household is considered cost -burdened if it pays more than 30% of its gross monthly income for housing. A household is considered severely cost -burdened if it pays 50% or more of its gross monthly income for housing. An examination of housing cost burden is important because cost - burdened households may have difficulty affording other necessities such as food, childcare, health care, and transportation. The cost burden calculation for housing costs for a homeowner includes mortgage payments, property taxes, property insurance, homeowner association fees (if any), and utilities. Small, related households represent the largest share of severely cost - burdened, low-income households, while elderly households represent the most common cost - burdened, low-income households. The tables below show additional details on cost burden for LMI households and show that a total of 121,555 households (99,350 renters and 22,205 owners) are experiencing cost burden and severe cost burden. This represents 65.3% of total households and is indicative of Miami's household affordability issues. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 37 Key HUD Definitions: • Housing Cost Burden — Households spending greater than 30% of their total gross income on housing costs. • Severe Housing Cost Burden — Households whose housing cost burden is greater than 50% of housing income. • Overcrowding — Households having more than 1.01 to 1.5 persons per room excluding bathrooms, porches, foyers, halls, or half -rooms. • Severe Overcrowding — Households having more than 1.51 persons per room excluding bathrooms, porches, foyers, halls, or half -rooms. • Lacking complete kitchen facilities — Kitchen facilities lacking a sink with piped water, a range or stove, or a refrigerator. • Lacking complete plumbing facilities — Households without hot or cold piped water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or shower. • Small Family — 5 or less people residing in a household. • Large Family — More than 5 people residing in a household. It is important to note that for the purposes of this analysis, in some cases HUD provides pre - populated data to assist with identifying housing needs. One data set provided by HUD is the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data. HUD has not yet input the 2019 CHAS data into the eCon Planning Suite, the software housing the Consolidated Plan, and this data is not available to be manipulated for this analysis. The variance of data results in statistics that may not match completely within tables. While the data is not the most recent, trends and patterns of need can still be determined using the provided data set. Demographics Base Year: 2010 Most Recent Year: 2022 % Change Population 391,458 443,665 13.34% Households 149,077 186,137 24.86% Median Income $29,621 $54,858 85.20% Table 5 - Housing Needs Assessment Demographics Data Source: 2010 Five -Year Estimates, 2022 Five -Year Estimates (American Community Survey) Number of Households Table 0-30% HAMFI >30-50% HAMFI >50-80% HAMFI >80-100% HAMFI >100% HAMFI Total Households 47,310 30,010 28,525 13,150 45,745 Small Family Households 12,475 12,275 12,225 5,515 18,810 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 38 0-30% HAMFI >30-50% HAMFI >50-80% HAMFI >80-100% HAMFI >100% HAMFI Large Family Households 1,660 1,890 2,455 1,115 3,005 Household contains at least one person 62-74 years of age 11,940 7,195 5,580 2,385 7,990 Household contains at least one person age 75 or older 10,035 4,755 2,975 1,145 3,260 Households with one or more children 6 years old or younger 5,665 4,455 4,190 1,235 3,930 Table 6 - Total Households Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 39 Housing Needs Summary Tables 1. Housing Problems (Households with one of the listed needs) Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total 0- 30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Substandard Housing - Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities 850 260 175 135 1,420 135 45 50 10 240 Severely Overcrowded - With >1.51 people per room (and complete kitchen and plumbing) 1,445 1,130 835 480 3,890 65 40 90 115 310 Overcrowded - With 1.01- 1.5 people per room (and none of the above problems) 1,480 1,600 1,395 450 4,925 180 190 120 295 785 Housing cost burden greater than 50% of income (and none of the above problems) 21,870 8,940 2,810 650 34,270 4,235 2,715 1,620 285 8,855 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 40 Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total 0- 30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total Housing cost burden greater than 30% of income (and none of the above problems) 3,830 8,370 9,650 2,565 24,415 1,160 1,450 1,645 1,035 5,290 Zero/negative Income (and none of the above problems) 4,040 0 0 0 4,040 1,115 0 0 0 1,115 Table 7 - Housing Problems Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS 2. Housing Problems 2 (Households with one or more Severe Housing Problems: Lacks kitchen or complete plumbing, severe overcrowding, severe cost burden) Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Having 1 or more of four housing problems 25,645 11,930 5,215 1,710 44,500 4,620 2,995 1,885 700 10,200 Having none of four housing problems 9,415 10,735 16,045 7,240 43,435 2,480 4,350 5,375 3,500 15,705 Household has negative income, but none of the other housing problems 4,040 0 0 0 4,040 1,115 0 0 0 1,115 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan Table 8 - Housing Problems 2 City of Miami 41 Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS 3. Cost Burden > 30% Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30-50% AMI >50-80% AMI Total 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI Total NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Small Related 9,515 9,295 5,895 24,705 1,095 1,515 1,495 4,105 Large Related 1,215 1,280 1,135 3,630 185 325 175 685 Elderly 10,295 4,120 1,615 16,030 3,530 1,925 985 6,440 Other 7,790 5,165 4,845 17,800 800 580 700 2,080 Total need by income 28,815 19,860 13,490 62,165 5,610 4,345 3,355 13,310 Table 9 - Cost Burden > 30% Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS 4. Cost Burden > 50% Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30-50% AMI >50-80% AMI Total 0-30% AMI >30-50% AMI >50-80% AMI Total NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Small Related 8,990 4,325 655 13,970 850 975 630 2,455 Large Related 1,060 535 95 1,690 150 120 105 375 Elderly 7,615 1,855 285 9,755 2,660 1,245 435 4,340 Other 6,935 2,870 1,965 11,770 775 465 485 1,725 Total need by income 24,600 9,585 3,000 37,185 4,435 2,805 1,655 8,895 Table 10 - Cost Burden > 50% Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS 5. Crowding (More than one person per room) Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total 0- 30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Single family households 2,680 2,360 1,700 730 7,470 175 105 145 265 690 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 42 Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total 0- 30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI >80- 100% AMI Total Multiple, unrelated family households 235 300 435 115 1,085 70 130 65 110 375 Other, non - family households 75 115 105 95 390 0 0 0 30 30 Total need by income 2,990 2,775 2,240 940 8,945 245 235 210 405 1,095 Table 11— Crowding Information —1/2 Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS Renter Owner 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI Total 0-30% AMI >30- 50% AMI >50- 80% AMI Total Households with Children Present 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 12 — Crowding Information — 2/2 Describe the number and type of single person households in need of housing assistance. According to the American Community Survey's 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, single -person households constitute 36.7%, or 68,387, of all occupied housing units in the City of Miami. Single -person households also account for 38.7% of renter -occupied housing units and 32.1% of owner -occupied housing units. The information shows households consisting of one person only account for the majority of occupied housing units in the area, whether they be owner- or renter -occupied. The greater portion of householders living alone encompasses those people aged 35 to 64 years. They make up 16.9% of total occupied housing, 15,4% of owner -occupied housing units, and 17.6% of renter -occupied housing units, where householders live alone. Financial assistance to prevent a housing crisis is typically provided to individuals and families with low and moderate incomes. This assistance is often targeted to persons who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless to acquire and maintain housing. HUD does not provide data on the income level of single -person households; however, the 2022 ACS 5-Year estimates show that the median non -family household income is $42,150. Male householders living alone have a median income of $43,149, while female householders living alone have a median income of 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 43 $22,525. Householders aged 65 and older, who may or may not be living alone, have an estimated median income of $25,117. In addition, persons over 65 living alone are a limited clientele population by HUD's definition and are considered to be low -to -moderate -income. Based on the data, female single -person households would be more likely to require housing assistance due to a significantly lower median income than their male counterparts. In addition, the tables above display the number of households with housing cost burdens by household type, including the category 'other households."Other households' is defined as all households other than small -related, large -related, and elderly households and includes single - person households. Based on the data in the tables, there are 58,095 low- and moderate -income households classified as 'other households' that are experiencing cost burden and need housing assistance. This represents approximately 31% of all households in the City of Miami. Estimate the number and type of families in need of housing assistance who are disabled or victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault and stalking. Disabled Families in Need of Housing Assistance Self -disclosure of one's disability status informs the U.S. Census Bureau of the following types of disabling conditions: hearing or vision impairment, ambulatory limitation, cognitive limitation, and self -care or independent living limitation. The 2022 ACS 5-Year estimates document that 50,666 (12%) persons in the City of Miami have a disability. The Shimberg Center for Housing Studies listed the median rent for Miami -Dade County as $2,014, an increase of 42% since July 2020. The HUD fair market rent for a 0-bedroom is $1,683 and $1,884 for a 1-bedroom. The average monthly benefit for a Social Security beneficiary is $1,470, 30% of that income, also known as the standard threshold indicating affordability for housing in the United States, is $441. Fair market rents are currently exceeding the average SS income meaning these households are spending 100% of their income on housing and many are in deficit. As of 2022 there are 334,555 social security retirement benefit recipients in Miami - Dade County. Victims of Domestic Violence in Need of Housing Assistance The Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) Uniform Crime Report provides data on domestic violence offenses and arrests by jurisdiction. In 2020, FDLE indicates the Miami Police Department reported 1,212 arrests among domestic violence offenses that include: murder, rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, etc. The 2023 Point in Time Count identified 204 people experiencing homelessness who were also victims of domestic violence. Of those persons, 170 were staying in Emergency Shelter, 34 were in Transitional Housing. There 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 44 were no individuals identified as unsheltered. There is no information available on how many of these victims need housing assistance. What are the most common housing problems? Housing problems are defined within categories that include substandard housing (households lacking complete kitchen or plumbing facilities), overcrowding (more than 1.01-1.5 persons per room), severe overcrowding (more than 1.51 persons per room), cost burden (more than 30% of the household's gross income is spent on housing costs), and severe cost burden (more than 50% of the household's gross income is spent on housing costs, and zero/negative income households who cannot be cost -burdened but still require housing assistance. The numbers below report on the housing problems experienced in the city. Housing cost burden numbers are not reflective of total cost burden numbers for all households in the city, as the cost burden numbers presented below only take into account cost burdened households NOT experiencing any of the other housing problems. Housing Problems in Miami City, ranked in descending order: 1. Housing cost burden greater than 50% of income (and none of the above problems): 43,125 2. Housing cost burden greater than 30% of income (and none of the above problems): 29,705 3. Overcrowded —with >1.01-1.5 people per room (and none of the above problems): 5,710 4. Zero/negative income (and none of the above problems): 5,155 5. Severely Overcrowded — with >1.51 people per room (and complete kitchen and plumbing): 4,200 6. Substandard Housing — Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities: 1,660 Residents of the City of Miami experience housing cost burden greater than 50% of income as the most common housing problem. Data shows that the number of households with severe housing cost burden, and it exceeds all other housing problems. The 5,155 households with zero or negative income cannot actually have a cost burden and still require housing assistance. However, those households with zero or negative income all fall within the 0-30% AMI category, for both renters (4,040) and owners (1,115). Are any populations/household types more affected than others by these problems? Extremely low-income households, both renter and owner -occupied, experience the most housing problems. They experience significantly more housing problems, such as incomplete kitchens and/or plumbing problems. Overall, extremely low-income rental households (0-30% AMI), regardless of tenure, experience the greatest rate of cost burden when compared to all other income categories. Households 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 45 classified as 'Elderly' experience a higher level of need in terms of cost burden, and 'Small Related' households experience severe cost burden. Overcrowding impacts renters to a greater degree than owners. Single-family households have the highest rate of overcrowding in relation to multiple, unrelated family households and other non -family households. There are 8,945 renter households and 1,095 owner households that are overcrowded. Overcrowding appears to be most prevalent among single-family households and affects households at all income levels; however, extremely low-income rental households (0-30% AMI) experience overcrowding at a higher rate than other income categories. Describe the characteristics and needs of Low-income individuals and families with children (especially extremely low-income) who are currently housed but are at imminent risk of either residing in shelters or becoming unsheltered 91.205(c)/91.305(c)). Also discuss the needs of formerly homeless families and individuals who are receiving rapid re -housing assistance and are nearing the termination of that assistance The best practice is to assist individuals and families to prevent homelessness which may include addressing their short-term or immediate needs and long-term needs with financial assistance and supportive services that will help them maintain their current rental unit and eventually sustain self-sufficiency. Financial assistance can be rent subsidies and utility assistance for renter households and temporary financial assistance for foreclosure prevention for owner households. Generally, extremely low-income households spend most of their income on housing costs and do not have sufficient funds to cover other basic expenses such as food, medication, or transportation. When an emergency occurs, these households may not have the financial resources available, straining the already limited income, which can then result in a housing crisis. Long-term needs include employment training, educational programs, and access to jobs that pay decent wages. For those families with children that are not yet school -aged, affordable high -quality childcare and early childhood programs are needed. Quickly identifying and re -housing individuals and families who are experiencing a homeless episode is the goal. The permanent housing intervention, rapid re -housing, emphasizes housing search and relocation services and short- and medium -term rental assistance to move homeless persons as rapidly as possible into permanent housing. According to the HUD 2023 CoC Homeless Assistance Programs Housing Inventory Count Report, there are 520 rapid re -housing beds, and of those, only 176 are dedicated to adults. At the time of the 2023 PIT Count, there were 1,058 unsheltered individuals without children experiencing homelessness. As rapid re -housing participants transition to independent living, the housing -focused supportive services phase out, and participants are linked to ongoing community -based services to remain stable in housing. These services can address long-term needs such as job training and placement 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 46 services to increase earning potential, behavioral health services, medical, long-term housing supports, childcare, benefit acquisition (mainstream benefits like Medicaid, SSI, or TANF), and education. If a jurisdiction provides estimates of the at -risk population(s), it should also include a description of the operational definition of the at -risk group and the methodology used to generate the estimates: The estimates for the "at risk" are aggregated from the CoC issued by the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust and are County -wide estimates. The CoC uses the definition for "at risk of imminent homelessness" that is found under the HUD homeless definition. Specify particular housing characteristics that have been linked with instability and an increased risk of homelessness Housing characteristics that indicate instability and increased risk for homelessness include a lack of affordable housing, housing cost burden, especially for extremely low-income persons, elderly persons, and those living on SSI disability income, low vacancy rates that lead to more restrictive tenant screening criteria, overcrowding, and substandard housing conditions. Discussion The City of Miami's investment in housing that is affordable will assist residents in preventing homelessness and cure housing conditions, allowing for housing stability. This may include development, rehabilitation, and subsidies. As permanent housing is the solution to homelessness, there need to be more opportunities for LMI to obtain affordable and available units, and access financial assistance, when needed, to help maintain housing stability. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 47 NA-15 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Problems — 91.205 (b)(2) Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to the needs of that category of need as a whole. Introduction HUD defines a disproportionately greater number of housing problems as the extent to which members of a racial or ethnic group at a given income level experience housing problems at a greater rate (10 percentage points or more) in comparison to the needs of that income level as a whole. The tables below indicate housing problems per household by income category, race, and ethnicity. Housing problems consist of a lack of complete kitchen facilities, lack of complete plumbing facilities, overcrowding (more than one person per room), and cost burden greater than 30%. This section of the Plan includes an assessment of the housing need of each racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to the needs of that income category as a whole. Per HUD regulations, a disproportionately greater need exists when the members of a racial or ethnic group at a given income level experience housing problems (housing cost burden, substandard housing conditions, and overcrowding) at a greater rate (10 percentage points or more) than the income level as a whole. The four income categories examined are: • Extremely low-income (ELI) households (0%-30% of Area Median Income) • Very low-income (VLI) households (30%-50% of Area Median Income) • Low -Income (LI) households (50%-80% of Area Median Income) • Moderate Income (MI) households (80%-100% Area Median Income) Based on the 2013-2017 CHAS data of households with incomes between 0%-100% of Area Median Income (AMI), 71% have at least one of the four housing problems. Hispanics are the racial or ethnic group with the highest rate of housing problems. Black/African American households have the second highest rate of housing problems except in the 80%-100% AMI category, where Whites have the highest rate of housing problems, following Hispanics. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 48 0%-30% of Area Median Income Housing Problems Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 35,255 6,900 5,155 White 1,680 155 575 Black / African American 7,230 1,140 1,475 Asian 105 35 120 American Indian, Alaska Native 35 0 55 Pacific Islander 0 0 0 Hispanic 26,155 5,560 2,870 Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS Table 13 - Disproportionally Greater Need 0 - 30% AMI *The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per room, 4.Cost Burden greater than 30% 30%-50% of Area Median Income Housing Problems Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 24,745 5,265 0 White 1,330 285 0 Black / African American 3,715 1,155 0 Asian 135 0 0 American Indian, Alaska Native 0 85 0 Pacific Islander 0 0 0 Hispanic 19,505 3,730 0 Data Source: Table 14 - Disproportionally Greater Need 30 - 50% AMI 2013-2017 CHAS *The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per room, 4.Cost Burden greater than 30% 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 49 50%-80% of Area Median Income Housing Problems Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 18,400 10,125 0 White 1,775 620 0 Black / African American 2,030 1,960 0 Asian 115 105 0 American Indian, Alaska Native 0 0 0 Pacific Islander 15 0 0 Hispanic 14,345 7,360 0 Data Source: Table 15 - Disproportionally Greater Need 50 - 80% AMI 2013-2017 CHAS *The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per room, 4.Cost Burden greater than 30% 80%-100% of Area Median Income Housing Problems Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 6,010 7,140 0 White 1,185 550 0 Black / African American 555 1,200 0 Asian 85 55 0 American Indian, Alaska Native 0 25 0 Pacific Islander 0 0 0 Hispanic 4,115 5,235 0 Data Source: Table 16 - Disproportionally Greater Need 80 - 100% AMI 2013-2017 CHAS *The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per room, 4.Cost Burden greater than 30% Discussion 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 50 According to the data presented in the tables above, there are 89,565 households with incomes between 0-100% AMI experiencing a housing problem. These households fall within four income categories: 0-30% AMI — 40,410 households (45.1%); 30-50% AMI — 24,745 households (27.6%); 50-80% AMI — 18,400 households (20.5%); and 80-100% AMI — 6,010 households (6.8%). Extremely Low -Income Households (<30% AMI) For the income category 0-30% AMI, 40,410 (74.5%) of the 54,210 households within that income cohort have a housing problem with 2,255, (5.7%) White households, 8,705 (21.6%) Black/African American households, 225 (0.6%) Asian households, 90 (0.2%) American Indian households, no Pacific Islander households, and 29,025 (71.9%) Hispanic households having a housing problem. Based on this data, Hispanic households are experiencing a greater number of housing problems at the 0-30% AMI income level. This is expected with the majority of the population in Miami being Hispanic. Very -Low Income Households (30%-50% AMI For the income category 30-50% AMI, 24,745 (82.5%) of the 30,010 households within that income cohort have a housing problem with 1,330 (5.4%) White households, 3,715 (15.0%) Black/African American households, 135 (0.6%) Asian households, no American Indian households, no Pacific Islander households, and 19,505 (79.0%) Hispanic households having a housing problem. Again, Hispanic households at the 30-50% income level experience a greater number of housing problems. Low -Income Households (50%-80% AMI) For the income category 50-80% AMI, 18,400 (64.5%) of the 28,525 households in that income cohort have a housing problem with 1,775 (9.7%) White households, 2,030 (11.1%) Black/African American households, 115 (0.7%) Asian households, no American Indian households, 15 (0.1%) Pacific Islander households, and 14,345 (78.4%) Hispanic households having a housing problem. As with the income categories 0-30% AMI, and 60-50% AMI, Hispanic households are experiencing a greater number of housing problems at the 50-80% AMI income level. Moderate Income Households (80%-100% AMI) For the income category 80-100% AMI, 6,010 (31.1%) of the 13,150 households in that income cohort have a housing problem, with 1,185 (19.8%) White households, 555 (9.3%) Black/African American households, 85 (1.5%) Asian households, no American Indian households, no Pacific Islander households, and 4,155 (69.4%) Hispanic households having a housing problem. Overall, Hispanic households are experiencing a greater number of housing problems at all income levels. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 51 NA-20 Disproportionately Greater Need: Severe Housing Problems — 91.205 (b)(2) Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to the needs of that category of need as a whole. Introduction HUD defines a disproportionately greater number of severe housing problems as the extent to which members of a racial or ethnic group at a given income level experience severe housing problems at a greater rate (10 percentage points or more) in comparison to the needs of that income level as a whole. The tables below indicate severe housing problems per household by income category, race, and ethnicity. Severe housing problems consist of a lack of complete kitchen facilities, lack of complete plumbing facilities, overcrowding (more than 1.5 persons per room), and cost burden greater than 50%. This section of the Plan includes an assessment of the housing need of each racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to the needs of that income category as a whole. Per HUD regulations, a disproportionately greater need exists when the members of a racial or ethnic group at a given income level experience severe housing problems (severe housing cost burden, substandard housing conditions, and overcrowding of more than 1.5 persons per room) at a greater rate (10 percentage points or more) than the income level as a whole. The four income categories examined are: • Extremely low-income (ELI) households (0%-30% of Area Median Income) • Very low-income (VLI) households (30%-50% of Area Median Income) • Low -Income (LI) households (50%-80% of Area Median Income) • Moderate Income (MI) households (80%-100% Area Median Income) Based on the 2013-2017 CHAS data of the households with incomes between 0%-100% of Area Median Income (AMI), 46% have at least one of the four severe housing problems. Hispanics are the racial or ethnic group with the highest rate of severe housing problems. Black/African American have the second highest rate of housing problems in the 0%-50% AMI category, however, Whites have the second highest rate of housing problems in the 50%-100% AMI category. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 52 0%-30% of Area Median Income Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 30,265 11,895 5,155 White 1,640 195 575 Black / African American 6,160 2,215 1,475 Asian 105 35 120 American Indian, Alaska Native 35 0 55 Pacific Islander 0 0 0 Hispanic 22,270 9,440 2,870 Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS Table 17 — Severe Housing Problems 0 - 30% AMI *The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per room, 4.Cost Burden over 50% 30%-50% of Area Median Income Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 14,925 15,085 0 White 1,015 605 0 Black / African American 1,335 3,535 0 Asian 125 10 0 American Indian, Alaska Native 0 85 0 Pacific Islander 0 0 0 Hispanic 12,415 10,820 0 Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS Table 18 — Severe Housing Problems 30 - 50% AMI *The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per room, 4.Cost Burden over 50% 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 53 50%-80% of Area Median Income Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 7,100 21,420 0 White 1,160 1,235 0 Black / African American 605 3,390 0 Asian 35 180 0 American Indian, Alaska Native 0 0 0 Pacific Islander 0 15 0 Hispanic 5,255 16,450 0 Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS Table 19 — Severe Housing Problems 50 - 80% AMI *The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per room, 4.Cost Burden over 50% 80%-100% of Area Median Income Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more of four housing problems Has none of the four housing problems Household has no/negative income, but none of the other housing problems Jurisdiction as a whole 2,410 10,740 0 White 370 1,365 0 Black / African American 345 1,415 0 Asian 25 110 0 American Indian, Alaska Native 0 25 0 Pacific Islander 0 0 0 Hispanic 1,645 7,705 0 Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS Table 20 — Severe Housing Problems 80 - 100% AMI *The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per room, 4.Cost Burden over 50% 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 54 Discussion The tables above present data on the number of households with severe housing problems by income, race, and ethnicity. Of the approximately 118,995 households with incomes between 0- 100% AMI, 59,855 households have severe housing problems within four income categories: 0- 30% AMI — 35,420 households (59.2%); 30-50% AMI — 14,925 households (24.9%); 50-80% AMI — 7,100 households (11.9%); and 80-100% AMI — 2,410 households (4.0%). Extremely Low -Income Households (<30% AMI) For the income category 0-30% AMI, 35,420 (75.0%) of the 47,315 households within that income cohort have a severe housing problem with 2,215 (6.3%) White households, 7,635 (21.7%) Black/African American households, 225 (0.7%) Asian households, 90 (0.3%) American Indian households, no Pacific Islander households, and 25,140 (71.0%) Hispanic households having a severe housing problem. Based on this data, Hispanic households are experiencing a greater number of severe housing problems at the 0-30% AMI income level. This is expected with the majority of the population in Miami being Hispanic. Very Low -Income Households (30%-50% AMI) For the income category 30-50% AMI, 14,925 (49.7%) of the 30,010 households within that income cohort have a housing problem with 1,015 (6.9%) White households, 1,335 (8.9%) Black/African American households, 125 (0.9%) Asian households, no American Indian households, no Pacific Islander households, and 12,415 (83.3%) Hispanic households having a severe housing problem. Again, Hispanic households at the 30-50% income level experience a greater number of severe housing problems. Low -Income Households (50%-80% AMI) For the income category 50-80% AMI, 7,100 (24.9%) of the 28,520 households within that income cohort have a housing problem with 1,160 (16.5%) White households, 605 (8.7%) Black/African American households, 35 (0.6%) Asian households, no American Indian households, no Pacific Islander households, and 5,255 (74.2%) Hispanic households having a severe housing problem. As with the income categories 0-30% AMI, and 60-50% AMI, Hispanic households are experiencing a greater number of severe housing problems at the 50-80% AMI income level. Moderate Income Households (80%-100% AMI) For the income category 80-100% AMI, 2,410 (18.3%) of the 13,150 households within that income cohort have a housing problem with 370 (15.6%) White households, 345 (14.6%) Black/African American households, 25 (1.2%) Asian households, no American Indian households, no Pacific Islander households, and 1,645 (68.6%) Hispanic households having a 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 55 severe housing problem. Overall, Hispanic households are experiencing a greater number of severe housing problems at all income levels. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 56 NA-25 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens — 91.205 (b)(2) Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to the needs of that category of need as a whole. Introduction: HUD defines a disproportionately greater number of cost -burdened households as the extent to which members of a racial or ethnic group at a given income level experience cost burden (30- 50% of gross income) or severe cost burden (50% of gross income) at a greater rate (10 percentage points or more) than the income level as a whole. The table below indicates the cost burden rate for each race or ethnic group and the discussion following the table identifies any disproportionately greater cost -burdened households. Housing Cost Burden Housing Cost Burden <=30% 30-50% >50% No / negative income (not computed) Jurisdiction as a whole 71,655 39,335 48,290 5,465 White 13,520 3,995 4,485 575 Black / African American 8,945 5,870 6,965 1,680 Asian 1,145 270 290 120 American Indian, Alaska Native 105 0 35 55 Pacific Islander 0 15 0 0 Hispanic 47,265 28,910 36,350 2,980 Data Source: Discussion: 2013-2017 CHAS Table 21— Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens AMI The table above shows, that among cost -burdened households, 28,910 (73%) of Hispanic households are cost -burdened and 36,350 (75%) of Hispanic households are severely cost - burdened. This is most likely because the Hispanic population has the largest representation in Miami. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 57 NA-30 Disproportionately Greater Need: Discussion — 91.205(b)(2) Are there any Income categories in which a racial or ethnic group has disproportionately greater need than the needs of that income category as a whole? All the income categories examined have racial or ethnic groups that have a disproportionately greater need. The racial or ethnic groups experiencing disproportionately greater need in the City of Miami based on income level are persons of Hispanic ethnicity. It is important to note that Hispanic households comprise the majority of Miami's population. In all AMI categories, Hispanic households have a disproportionately greater number of housing problems and severe housing problems. It is the same for housing cost burden and severe cost burden as well. If they have needs not identified above, what are those needs? The assessment of housing needs in the previous sections of this plan includes an analysis of the specific needs of racial or ethnic groups that have a disproportionately greater need in comparison to others in the same income category. However, when looking at the City of Miami population as a whole compared to the rate of housing problems and housing burden by race or ethnicity, the groups with the highest rates of housing problems and severe cost burden are Hispanic households. Are any of those racial or ethnic groups located in specific areas or neighborhoods in your community? A review of the AFFH-T map concluded that there are several R/ECAP areas in which Hispanics make up the majority of the population. On the other hand, although Blacks and African Americans make up a small number of the Miami population, there are more than a few R/ECAP areas that are predominantly Black and African American. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 58 NA-35 Public Housing — 91.205(b) Introduction In this section, public housing needs are examined by reviewing the number and types of public housing units or rental assistance vouchers available to stabilize housing for low-income and vulnerable populations. Public Housing is housing owned and operated by a public housing authority to provide decent and safe rental housing for eligible low-income families, the elderly, and individuals with disabilities. Public Housing (PH) in our area is operated and managed by another jurisdiction, specifically the Public Housing and Community Development (PHCD) Department of Miami -Dade County. Data indicates that this is the ninth largest public housing authority in the U.S. In its most recent PHA Five -Year and Annual Plan (FY), PHCD indicated that it has 9,189 public housing units in the entire County. Upon further analysis, data indicates that approximately 6,800 of these units are located within city limits at different sites. Both PHCD and the City of Miami utilize Housing Choice Vouchers (HCV) to serve Miami residents. The table below displays the number of vouchers and units in use. The PHCD has wait lists for public housing units and both the city and PHCD have wait lists for the voucher programs. All wait lists are currently closed, demonstrating the need for access to additional affordable rental units. Data is pending from PHCD on total public housing units and voucher use by category and for voucher specific characteristics of residents. Data is also pending from the City of Miami on resident characteristics for voucher use. Totals in Use Program Type Certificate Mod- Rehab Public Housing Vouchers Total Project -based Tenant -based Specia Purpose Voucher Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing Family Unification Program Disabled * # of units/vouchers in use 0 186 0 180 0 150 0 0 30 Table 22 - Public Housing by Program Type *Current numbers reflected are for vouchers utilized in the City of Miami and managed by Miami HCD. PHCD data pending. Data Source: City of Miami Housing and Community Development 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 59 Characteristics of Residents Program Type Certificate Mod- Rehab Public Housing Vouchers Total Project -based Tenant -based Special Purpose Voucher Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing Family Unification Program Average Annual Income 0 17,403 0 0 0 0 0 Average length of stay 0 838 0 0 0 0 0 Average Household size 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 # Homeless at admission 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # of Elderly Program Participants (>62) 0 0 2,257 0 0 0 0 0 # of Disabled Families 0 0 2,389 27 0 27 0 0 # of Families requesting accessibility features 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # of HIV/AIDS program participants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # of DV victims 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 23 — Characteristics of Public Housing Residents by Program Type Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center) *Current numbers reflected are for public housing units managed by PHCD. Data pending for PHCD and Miami voucher resident characteristics. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 60 Race of Residents Program Type Race Certificate Mod- Rehab Public Housing Vouchers Total Project -based Tenant -based Special Purpose Voucher Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing Family Unification Program Disabled White 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 Black/African American 0 0 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 Asian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 American Indian/Alaska Native 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pacific Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 *includes Non -Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One -Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition Data Source: Table 24 — Race of Public Housing Residents by Program Type PIC (PIH Information Center) *Current numbers reflected are for public housing units managed by PHCD. Data pending for PHCD and Miami voucher resident characteristics. Ethnicity of Residents Program Type Ethnicity Certificate Mod- Rehab Public Housing Vouchers Total Project -based Tenant -based Special Purpose Voucher Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing Family Unification Program Disabled * Hispanic 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not Hispanic 0 0 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 *includes Non -Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One -Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition Table 25 — Ethnicity of Public Housing Residents by Program Type Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center) *Current numbers reflected are for public housing units managed by PHCD. Data pending for PHCD and Miami voucher resident characteristics. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 61 Section 504 Needs Assessment: Describe the needs of public housing tenants and applicants on the waiting list for accessible units: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in any housing that receives federal assistance, including public housing. PHAs are required to assess the needs of current tenants and applicants on its waiting list for accessible units and the extent to which the needs have not been met. Though the city does not manage or operate any public housing units, it has a wait list for vouchers that has been closed since 2014. The city is currently working through the waitlist and does give preference to individuals with disabilities and the elderly. The City of Miami is not covered by a Section 504 Voluntary Compliance Agreement that requires an increase in the number of accessible units however, in the event a tenant or applicant does require an accessibility modification or accommodation, the City of Miami provides any assistance necessary to ensure that the tenant or applicant maintains a safe and healthy living environment. Miami -Dade Public Housing and Community Development was entered into a Section 504 Voluntary Compliance Agreement that requires an increase in the number of accessible units. According to PHCD's current PHA plan, the housing authority is still working towards its goals to satisfy the requirements of the agreement. Most immediate needs of residents of Public Housing and Housing Choice voucher holders The most immediate need of residents of Public Housing and HCV holders is identifying units that are affordable and identifying landlords with affordable units willing to accept vouchers supporting these tenants. There is also a need for ADA, first -floor accessible units for the elderly and mobility impaired. There is also a need for down payment assistance for households currently in public housing or HCV voucher holders, wanting to move into home ownership. The city currently administers a purchase assistance program to help address this need. Additional needs of public housing residents and housing choice voucher holders are employment and job skills training, affordable childcare, life skills training, credit counseling, and activities geared toward the youth and elderly population. How do these needs compare to the housing needs of the population at large Housing needs for the population supported through public housing and vouchers are not entirely different as there is an affordable housing crisis nationwide, and the current housing market is extremely hostile. However, residents of public housing and voucher holders are mostly extremely low-income (<30% of area median income) or very low-income (30% - 50% AMI) where affordable housing is severely lacking. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 62 In regard to the need for supportive services, the needs of public housing residents and housing choice voucher holders do not differ significantly from the population at large. Qualitative data gathered through community engagement suggests similar public services needs including transportation, employment training, housing counseling, senior services, and youth services. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 63 NA-40 Homeless Needs Assessment — 91.205(c) Introduction Homelessness is a particularly troublesome and complex issue that plagues communities across the nation. Often, persons experiencing homelessness face multiple and overlapping challenges, which presents real challenges to local jurisdictions, social service providers, and Continuums of Care (CoC) working to address homelessness. This reality is no different in the City of Miami. Beyond persistent challenges in addressing the varied needs of individuals, the region faces an increasingly expensive housing market. The economic realities of the housing market at the time this plan was written imposes constant pressure on the supply of housing, particularly for those most vulnerable to homelessness. The Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act defines the 'homeless' or 'homeless individual' or 'homeless person' as an individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence; and who has a primary night-time residence that is: • A supervised publicly or privately -operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill); • An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized; or • A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. The CoC responsible for coordinating homelessness -related activities in the City of Miami is the Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust. The Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust coordinates the activities of social service providers, government entities, philanthropies, and other for -profit and non-profit agencies serving the region. The Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust is also responsible for coordinating the annual point -in - time (PIT) count. The PIT Count estimates the number of homeless individuals and families in the CoC region on a given night, typically held in January. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 64 If data is not available for the categories "number of persons becoming and exiting homelessness each year," and "number of days that persons experience homelessness," describe these categories for each homeless population type (including chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth): The 2022 System Performance Measures (SPM) data for FL-600 (CoC) accounts for the entire region. During 2022, the average length of time homeless enrolled in Emergency Shelter and Transitional Housing increased slightly from 141 days in 2021 to 145 days in 2022, a 2.8% increase. Persons experiencing homelessness for the first time increased by 5%, from 4,856 people to 5,101 people when including the number of people who have not accessed the crisis response system prior to enrolling in Emergency Shelter, Transitional Housing, or Permanent Housing. The CoC reported that 61.4% exited from Emergency Shelter, Transitional Housing, Safe havens, and Rapid Rehousing to Permanent Housing in 2022, whereas only 45% exited in 2021. Additionally, persons in Permanent Supportive Housing and other permanent housing retained or exited to permanent housing at a 97.9% success rate. Data is not available to analyze the length of time homeless or persons entering and exiting the system for each population. Nature and Extent of Homelessness: Race: Black or African American White Asian American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Multiple Races Sheltered: 1,456 1,078 8 6 2 49 Unsheltered (optional) 417 589 5 7 3 37 Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latino Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino Sheltered: 1,092 1,507 Unsheltered (optional) 484 574 Table 26 — Nature and Extent of Homelessness Estimate the number and type of families in need of housing assistance for families with children and the families of veterans. The CoC identified 3,657 persons experiencing homelessness in the Miami -Dade County CoC jurisdiction. Of that total, 2,599 persons were sheltered homeless and 1,058 persons were 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 65 unsheltered at the time of Count. Among the sheltered population, 2,283 were located at an Emergency Shelter (ES) and 316 were in Transitional Housing (TH). The 2023 Point in Time (PIT) Count revealed there were 381 households with at least one adult and one child. Of those persons, 381 were experiencing sheltered homelessness, with 349 at Emergency Shelter (ES) and 32 in Transitional Housing (TH), while none were unsheltered. Among persons in households with one adult and one child, there were 702 children under the age of 18 residing in ES, 71 in TH, and none were unsheltered during the PIT Count. Within the same category, persons aged 18 to 24, 68 individuals were sheltered at ES, 5 residing in TH, and none in an unsheltered location. Persons over the age of 24 in households with at least one adult and one child totaled 346 persons in ES, 27 persons in TH, and none who remained unsheltered at the time of the count. There were 2 households identified as being composed of only children, and they were both found in ES. At the time of this report, there were 111 homeless veterans. Thirty-three (33) veterans were staying at the ES, there were 60 in TH, and 18 veterans remained unsheltered. The annual Housing Inventory Count (HIC) documented a total of 0 ES beds, 90 TH beds, and 1,582 Permanent Housing beds, all dedicated to assisting veterans. Describe the Nature and Extent of Homelessness by Racial and Ethnic Group. Of the total persons experiencing homelessness in the FL-600 region, 2,081 persons are Non- Hispanic/Non-Latinx, with 1,292 at ES, 215 in TH, and 574 unsheltered persons. There were 1,576 Hispanic/Latinx individuals identified in the count with 991 persons staying at ES, 101 in TH, and 484 persons who remained unsheltered. Black or African American people are overrepresented among persons experiencing homelessness, making up 51% of the total number of people with 1,873 Black or African American persons experiencing homelessness. At the time of the count, there were 1,456 Black or African American individuals in a shelter, with 1,259 persons in ES, 197 in TH, and 417 Black or African American persons remaining unsheltered. At the time of the PIT Count, 1,667 White persons were homelessness; 967 at ES and 111 in TH, while 589 White persons remained unsheltered. 13 individuals identified as Asian, and within this subpopulation, 6 were staying in ES, 2 were residing in TH, and 5 individuals were unsheltered at the time of the count. 13 people of American Indian or Alaska Native descent were identified during the count, with 4 sheltered in ES, and 2 in TH, and 7 who remained unsheltered. 5 persons identified as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 2 of whom remained in ES, none in TH, and 3 persons were unsheltered. There were 86 individuals who identified as multiracial. Of this subcategory, 45 resided at ES, 4 were in TH, and 37 remained unsheltered. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 66 Describe the Nature and Extent of Unsheltered and Sheltered Homelessness. The CoC identified 3,657 homeless persons; of the total, 2,599 were sheltered homeless and 1,058 persons were unsheltered at the time of count. Among the sheltered population, 2,283 were located at an Emergency Shelter (ES) and 316 were in Transitional Housing (TH). Among the 2,427 households without children, 1,156 households were in ES, 213 households were in TH, and 1,058 remained unsheltered. There were 2 households comprised of only children identified during the 2023 PIT Count. There were 1,367 females experiencing homelessness with 1,037 in ES, 65 in TH, and 265 were unsheltered. Two thousand two hundred and sixty-three (2,263) males were homeless. 1,224 were staying in ES, 251 in TH, and 788 remained unsheltered. There were 14 individuals who identify as transgender at the time of the count. Thirteen individuals were in ES, none were residing in TH, and one remained unsheltered. There were 9 individuals who identified as gender non- conforming. Out of those, 6 were in ES, none were in TS, and 3 were unsheltered. Lastly, there were 4 individuals who identified as questioning: 3 in ES, none in TS, and 1 unsheltered. There were 939 individuals experiencing chronic homelessness in the CoC region. There were 19 households identified as chronically homeless with at least one adult and one child. All were located at ES during the count. Of persons in households without children who met the criteria of the chronically homeless definition, there were 881 individuals, and 468 persons were residing in ES, 4 were in TS, and 409 were unsheltered. There were no chronically homeless persons in households composed of only children. Respondents who participate in the PIT Count self -disclose other personal characteristics, offering more information how to best provide valuable services and use evidence -based approaches to address homelessness among those with increased comorbidity conditions. Categories include mental illness, HIV/AlDs diagnosis, substance abuse, and unaccompanied youth between the ages of 18-24. The PIT Count revealed the following: One thousand one hundred, fifty-four (1,154) respondents disclosed having a severe mental illness (SMI), of which 575 were in ES, 82 in TH, and 497 persons remained unsheltered. Six hundred ten (610) individuals disclosed having chronic substance abuse issues with 224 in ES, 56 in TH, and 330 were unsheltered. A total of 111 veterans identified from the PIT Count and 33 were staying in ES, 60 were in TH, and 18 veterans remained unsheltered. Of the 100 individuals self -disclosing a HIV/AIDS diagnosis, 66 were in ES, 6 were residing in TH, and 28 in an unsheltered location. In total, 204 individuals reported being victims of domestic violence. Within this subpopulation, 170 victims were in ES and 34 in TH, while no individuals remained unsheltered. There were 116 persons categorized as unaccompanied youth, two under the age of 18 and 114 ranging in age from 18-24 years old. Sixty-nine (69) individuals identified as unaccompanied 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 67 youth were staying at ES, 14 youth were residing in TH, and 33 remained unsheltered. In total, there were 53 individuals identified as parenting youth between 18-24 years old, 48 of which were at ES and 5 were in TH. To offer safe sheltering options during a person's housing crisis, Miami -Dade Homeless Trust coordinates 2,379 year-round ES beds and 466 TH beds. Within this count, there are beds set - aside to support persons experiencing homelessness among more vulnerable populations. Specific to veterans, there are no emergency shelter beds and 90 transitional housing beds. There are 3,451 Permanent Supportive Housing beds specific to persons experiencing chronic homelessness. Homeless youth have 58 emergency shelter beds and 12 transitional housing beds set aside for their specific subcategory. Discussion: Despite having 2,865 Emergency Shelter beds and 466 Transitional Housing beds within the CoC region, 1,058 unsheltered homeless persons were identified during the 2023 count. Over 3,000 homeless were identified in the region when including homeless persons in shelters. This indicates the CoC does not have enough permanent housing units, whether physical units or rental subsidies. The City of Miami has a vision to ensure no person is homeless. However, to reduce and prevent homelessness among its community members, there is a significant need for affordable permanent housing solutions. While Emergency Shelters and Transitional Housing can temporarily provide shelter, those interventions are not permanent. Shelters and transitional housing require an exit plan that is housing focused. Permanent Housing with the necessary supportive services is the solution to homelessness. The instinct when we see homelessness on our streets is to hire more outreach workers and create more shelter beds. While these assets are essential to a coordinated system of care, alone they will not help our community end homelessness. A dearth of supportive and extremely affordable housing has created a bottleneck within the CoC where too many households are languishing in shelters and on the streets, with no viable path to housing stability. The Homeless Trust is working to change this dynamic so that individuals and families experiencing homelessness can quickly obtain permanent housing, increase their self-sufficiency, and remain stably housed. Prioritization, set -asides and dedicated housing stock for vulnerable households, combined with an adequate level of supports, is needed countywide just as homelessness touches all segments of our community and is not relegated to a particular neighborhood, population, race or ethnicity. Among those experiencing homelessness are veterans, seniors, youth 18-24, families with minor children and persons with disabilities. We must bring supportive housing to scale that takes into account households experiencing homelessness with the highest needs and vulnerabilities. Just as important as the physical assets is looking beyond stigmas and dispelling myths to inspire compassion. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 68 Housing Strategies Bring extremely affordable and supportive housing to scale through: 1. Acquisition and Conversion: Through adaptive reuse, acquire and convert/renovate existing buildings to serve as housing (former assisted living facilities, hotel, office buildings) 2. Public Agencies Partnerships: Partner with Public Housing Agencies to incorporate homeless preferences in their agency plans and obtain set -asides, with coordinated referrals made by the Continuum of Care. (PHA's include Miami -Dade, Miami Beach, Hialeah, Homestead. Also, Miami and Carrfour Supportive Housing (Mainstream Only) 3. Partner with federal and state Entitlement Jurisdictions and Participating Jurisdictions to leverage formula grants for the benefit of persons experiencing homelessness (HOME, ESG, CDBG, SHIP). 4. Utilize the annual U.S. HUD Continuum of Care Program Competition and State of Florida Challenge, Challenge Plus, Emergency Solutions Grant and other funding opportunities, as made available, to enhance available housing stock exclusively for persons experiencing homelessness. 5. RentConnect: Centralize the identification of landlords and available properties in the community to assist persons experiencing homelessness with exiting permanent housing; provide incentives as needed to reduce barriers to entry. 6. Coordinate with Florida Housing Finance Corporation and area developers to ensure the Homeless Trust is the dedicated referral agency for units for Special Needs and Homeless Households 7. Coordinate with US HUD to engage HUD Assisted Multifamily Owners, including Section 811 and 202 properties, to adopt and/or expand referral opportunities for the CoC through a Multifamily Homeless Preference 8. Pilot pre -manufactured tiny homes and explore other non-traditional alternative housing models 9. Partner with Miami -Dade County and area municipalities to reform zoning and land use policies to permit more housing development and reduce regulatory barriers to housing development 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 69 NA-45 Non -Homeless Special Needs Assessment - 91.205 (b,d) Introduction: This section will discuss the characteristics and needs of people in various subpopulations of the City of Miami who are not necessarily homeless but may require supportive services, including the elderly, people with disabilities (mental, physical, and developmental), people with HIV -AIDS and their families, people with alcohol or drug addiction, and victims of domestic violence, people with a criminal record, those who have limited English proficiency, and those who do not have adequate transportation. People belonging to this population may have additional needs in areas including but not limited to maintaining independence, communication, transportation, supervision, and medical care. HOPWA Current HOPWA formula use: Cumulative cases of AIDS reported 28,749 Area incidence of AIDS 1,088 Rate per population 39.3 Number of new cases prior year (3 years of data) 209 Rate per population (3 years of data) 30.8 Current HIV surveillance data: Number of Persons living with HIC (PLWH) 28,749 Area Prevalence (PLWH per population) 1,038.60 Number of new HIV cases reported last year 220 Data Source: Table 27 — HOPWA Data Florida Health Department, Florida Health Charts, Miami -Dade County, 2019-2022, HIV Diagnoses Tab and Persons with HIV (PWH) Tab HIV Housing Need (HOPWA Grantees Only) Type of HOPWA Assistance Estimates of Unmet Need Tenant based rental assistance 10,287 Short-term Rent, Mortgage, and Utility 100 Facility Based Housing (Permanent, short-term or transitional) 0 Data Source: Table 28 — HIV Housing Need Florida Health Department, Florida Health Charts, Miami -Dade County, 2019-2022, HIV Diagnoses Tab and Persons with HIV (PWH) Tab 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 70 Describe the characteristics of special needs populations in your community: Elderly and Frail Elderly — HUD defines elderly as a person at least 62 years of age or older. Approximately 28.6% of households in Miami include one or more people over the age of 65. Households that are comprised of elderly only make up 11.5% of total households. People with Mental, Physical, and/or Developmental Disabilities — Based on the ACS 2022 Five - Year Estimates, most of the individuals with disabilities in Miami have ambulatory difficulties, meaning they have an impairment that prevents or impedes their ability to walk. Individuals with ambulatory difficulties may be wheelchair -bound and/or use walking aids such as walkers and canes. Because of this, these individuals may have difficulty locating accessible housing, entering buildings, maneuvering in small spaces, and obtaining accessible transportation. Persons with Alcohol or other Drug Addiction — The Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System reports that adults who drink excessively in Miami -Dade County has increased significantly over time. Adults aged 18-44 drink more excessively than other adults between the ages of 45-64 and 65 years and older. Males are over two times more likely to drink excessively than their female counterparts, and white non -Hispanics drink more heavily than Black/African American, non -Hispanic and Hispanics. Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families — There are approximately 28,749 persons living with HIV within the Miami -Dade County according to the Integrated Epidemiological Profile for Florida Continuum of HIV Care by County, 2022. Of those persons living with HIV, 20,926 (72.8%) are in care. This means these persons have had at least one documented positive test, medical visit, or prescription filled during the reporting period. This also means there are approximately 27.2% (7,823) people living in the area with HIV that are not currently receiving care/treatment for this diagnosis. During this time, there were 1,088 new HIV diagnoses. Over fifty percent sought care within 7 days of initially being diagnosed. Of those people diagnosed, 75.7% are retained in care. Victims of Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking — The Florida Department of Law Enforcement shows a domestic violence offense rate of 274.6 offenses per 100,000 population for Miami -Dade County. What are the housing and supportive service needs of these populations and how are these needs determined? Non -homeless special needs populations experience may of the same housing and service needs and barriers that others in the City of Maimi area experience. Non -special needs populations tend to be those who have extremely low or very low income and are at risk of becoming homeless. Some of the characteristics of non -homeless special needs populations include people who: 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 71 • Lack housing with supportive services • Live on fixed income, limited income, or no income • Lack job opportunities or are unable to work • Lack reliable transportation • Lack available affordable housing • Lack credit history, have negative credit or rental history, have criminal backgrounds or other factors that affect their ability to find a property owner willing to work with them • Have health issues, including but not limited to substance use or mental health disorders • Wait on long waiting lists for subsidized housing Elderly and Frail Elderly— Elderly and frail elderly are often not able to maintain existing homes or to afford rent. They are often over -housed in homes that are too large for an elderly homeowner or renter to maintain on a limited budget. Housing cost burden -related issues are often multiplied by the requirement of additional services it takes for the elderly to age in place. These services may include daily living assistance and medical services. Elderly individuals are in a higher state of vulnerability for adverse health outcomes compared to non -elderly individuals, either due to slow declines or terminal illnesses. People with Mental, Physical, and/or Developmental Disabilities — People with disabilities include individuals with hearing, vision, cognitive, developmental, ambulatory, self -care, or independent living difficulties. Finding housing that is both affordable and accessible is a challenge for persons with physical disabilities. Additionally, people with developmental disabilities need services to help them stay with their families as well as additional housing and residential facilities. Vocational services, social and community involvement, and transportation are other services needed for this special needs population. Persons with Alcohol or other Drug Addiction — According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, excessive alcohol use or binge drinking can lead to an increased risk of health problems, such as liver disease and unintentional injuries. It is also associated with a variety of other negative issues, such as employment problems, financial loss, family disputes, legal difficulties, and other interpersonal issues. Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families — HIV damages the immune system, eventually leading infected individuals to develop AIDS, at which point the immune system is weakened to the point of being unable to fight infections. Men who have sex with men of all races, Blacks and African Americans, and Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV. Victims of Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking — Domestic violence is any criminal offense resulting in physical injury or death of one family or household member by another family or household member. It can include assault, battery, sexual assault, sexual 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 72 battery, stalking, kidnapping, or false imprisonment. Individuals experiencing domestic violence need housing that is safe and secure. Discuss the size and characteristics of the population with HIV/AIDS and their families within the Eligible Metropolitan Statistical Area: There are approximately 28,749 persons living with HIV within the Miami -Dade County according to the Integrated Epidemiological Profile for Florida Continuum of HIV Care by County, 2022. Of those persons living with HIV, 20,926 (72.8%) are in care. This means these persons have had at least one documented positive test, medical visit, or prescription filled during the reporting period. This also means there are approximately 27.2% (7,823) people living in the area with HIV that are not currently receiving care/treatment for this diagnosis. During this time, there were 1,088 new HIV diagnoses. Over fifty percent sought care within 7 days of initially being diagnosed. Of those people diagnosed, 75.7% are retained in care. Discussion: Across all subpopulations, there is a need for increased housing opportunities and services funding. Housing should be integrated into the community and paired with targeted support services. Implementation of best practices, specific to that person's individual needs, is essential to stability and recovery. While the City of Miami has various resources and specialized programs, communicating the resources and educating the public are still basic, vital components of ensuring residents have the tools at -hand. Addressing the needs of consumers among multiple systems, who are often overlapping, takes a collective approach to help a person achieve stability. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 73 NA-50 Non -Housing Community Development Needs — 91.215 (f) Describe the jurisdiction's need for Infrastructure/Public Facilities The City of Miami's Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) contains information on how the city plans to invest available resources into key infrastructure, facilities, and systems over a six year period (October 1, 2023 through September 30, 2029). Budget meetings are held for the public annually, and the final Capital Budget is adopted by the City Commission each year in September. Public Facilities are defined in the plan as public use facilities such as stadiums, auditoriums, and marinas. HUD's definition of public facilities encompasses centers for the disabled, elderly, homeless, and youth, fire stations and equipment, health facilities, parks and recreation facilities, and more. All of these types of public facilities are included in the CIP under different Project Program Funding areas, including General Government, Public Safey, Disaster Recovery, Parks and Recreation, Streets and Sidewalks, Mass Transit, Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, and Solid Waste. The six -year CIP provides a budget for Fiscal Year 2023-2024 totaling $1.124 billion for a total of 864 projects. When breaking down projects by Program Funding Areas, Parks and Recreation accounts for the largest portion of capital funding during the latest fiscal year with 25% of the budget, followed by streets and sidewalks with 18.6% of the budget, then public facilities with 17.4% of the budget. Breaking down funding by City departments, Parks and Recreation still receives the largest portion of funds, and the Department of Resilience and Public Works receives the second largest portion of funds. In addition, Miami has several special tax districts where additional resources and funds are available for community improvement, including three Community Redevelopment Agencies (CRA) and three Community Development Districts (CDD). Special tax districts have boards that guide priorities for the spending of additional taxes that are collected. The CRAs in Miami include the Omni CRA, Overtown CRA, and Southeast Overtown / Park West CRA. CDDs are special tax districts created for the purpose of implementing additional infrastructure and services within a geographic boundary or for a specific master planned development. With additional tax revenue and other funding source benefits, residents within a CDD may expect to have higher quality services and facilities, and greater control over how the additional funding is spent in their community through local CDD Board meetings. CDDs in Miami include the Midtown CDD located in Wynwood, the Miami World Center CDD located in downtown Miami, and the Sawyers's Landing CDD, a mixed -use development with affordable senior units located in Overtown. Residents and stakeholders who participated in the City's public meetings on April 18 and 22 and the survey on the FHC Connect webpage stated that the City's top infrastructure/public facilities improvements include community services for youth, parks and open space, public safety 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 74 facilities (fire stations, police stations, emergency operations centers), more accessible event spaces, and senior centers. How were these needs determined? These needs were determined through public engagement and stakeholder consultation, as well as looking at the city's plans and projects. The city's Capital Improvement Plans identifies three Strategic Initiatives which guide the city's funding goals and objectives. These include (a) Improving residents' quality of life, (b) Strengthening the city's resiliency, and (c) Leading the community into a pathway to prosperity. Projects prioritized in the plan for funding are identified by the city, partner agencies such as the Downtown Development Authority (DDA) and local Community Redevelopment Agencies (CRA), and the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS). Projects that require coordination with other government agencies such as Miami -Dade County and the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) are prioritized through input and coordination with those other agencies. For capital improvement projects, the city uses a Project Prioritization Matrix with nine criteria to analyze, rank, and ultimately prioritize projects for funding. Projects with the highest ranking are given priority funding and implementation in the Capital Improvements Plan. The criterion used is listed as follows: (1) Life, health, and safety, (2) Legal and regulatory compliance, (3) Essential improvements, (4) Strategic alignment, (5) Infrastructure risk management and resiliency, (6) Environmental protection, (7) Coordination and dependency, (8) Ability to leverage external funds, and (9) Revenue producing or cost saving capability. Funding sources may also have their own utilization criteria. Describe the jurisdiction's need for Public Facilities and Public Improvements HUD's definition of public improvements includes street improvements, sidewalks, water/sewer improvements, flood drainage improvements, parking facilities, tree planting, and other design and functionality treatments. These kinds of public improvements are included in the CIP under different Project Program Funding areas, including General Government, Public Safey, Disaster Recovery, Parks and Recreation, Streets and Sidewalks, Mass Transit, Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, and Solid Waste. Residents and stakeholders who participated in the city's public meetings on April 18 and 22 and the survey on the FHC Connect webpage stated that the city's top public facilities/improvements priorities of the city are transportation services including improvements to bus hubs/stops and street improvements, storm water management infrastructure, water/sewer infrastructure, electricity infrastructure (putting power lines underground and improving sub stations), and parks and recreation facilities. An emphasis from participants on transportation improvements was noticeable, as was a desire for improved parks accessible to low-income neighborhoods. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 75 How were these needs determined? These needs were determined through public engagement and stakeholder consultation, and through analysis of the city's plans and projects. The city's Capital Improvement Plans identifies three Strategic Initiatives which guide the city's funding goals and objectives. These include (a) Improving resident's quality of life, (b) Strengthening the city's resiliency, and (c) Leading the community into a pathway to prosperity. Projects prioritized in the plan for funding are identified by the city, partner agencies such as the Downtown Development Authority (DDA) and local Community Redevelopment Agencies (CRA), and the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS). Projects that require coordination with other government agencies such as Miami -Dade County and the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) are prioritized through input and coordination with those other agencies. For capital improvement projects, the city uses a Project Prioritization Matrix with nine criteria to analyze, rank, and ultimately prioritize projects for funding. Projects with the highest ranking are given priority funding and implementation in the Capital Improvements Plan. The criterion used is listed as follows: (1) Life, health, and safety, (2) Legal and regulatory compliance, (3) Essential improvements, (4) Strategic alignment, (5) Infrastructure risk management and resiliency, (6) Environmental protection, (7) Coordination and dependency, (8) Ability to leverage external funds, and (9) Revenue producing or cost saving capability. Funding sources may also have their own utilization criteria. Describe the jurisdiction's need for Public Services Residents and stakeholders who participated in the city's public meetings on April 18 and 22 and the survey on the FHC Connect webpage stated that the city's top public services needs include transportation services, childcare, youth services, senior services, homeless services, employment training, housing counseling, and mental health services. Similar to responses to questions about public improvements and facility needs, transportation services rose to the top of the public's concern. Youth and childcare services were also notable top concerns. A few additional needs were identified during the meeting discussions. First, the need for food resources was identified. Attendees spoke about their food stamp cards being cut off, a lack of healthy food access especially around schools in Allapattah, and service providers needing to cut food provision programs due to a lack of funding. Additional housing services such as utilities assistance and fair housing education were also issues raised. Finally, the need for a well - marketed one -stop -shop for public services was identified as a way to leverage funds for all the public service needs. Public participations also provided information about how the city can improve its existing services, including improved transparency/visibility, better outreach/engagement, more 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 76 accessible service centers and local offices, better responsiveness to the community, and streamlined and digitized processes. Participants also provided geographic locations within the city which may be impacted by gaps in services, including zip codes 33130, 33142, 33125, 33127, 33150, 33147, and 33138, the neighborhoods of Golden Pines, Model City, Flora Park, Little Haiti, Allapattah, and urban and undeveloped areas generally. How were these needs determined? The city has historically relied on the input gathered during the public meetings and hearings process to establish its public service priorities, and public engagement for this plan largely informed the jurisdiction's public service needs. Consultation with other lead agencies and key partners about existing social services and gaps in service was also helpful to determine these needs. Census data was also used to determine public service needs. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 77 Housing Market Analysis MA-05 Overview Housing Market Analysis Overview: The Housing Market Analysis provides a snapshot of the city's current housing stock and housing facilities. Housing market characteristics reviewed include the supply of housing, availability of affordable housing, housing cost and condition of housing units, and the supply of housing or facilities for individuals with disabilities and individuals experiencing homelessness. The Housing Market Analysis is divided into the following sections: Number of Housing Units — A basic count of the total number of housing units and occupied housing units in the city by property type, unit size, and tenure. There are 214,820 units in the city including a limited supply of subsidized or affordable units. Cost of Housing — Compares the cost of housing in the city to household incomes to determine if there is a sufficient supply of affordable housing. Housing cost burden (unaffordability of housing) is the foremost housing problem in the city. Condition of Housing —Analyzes the age of the housing, risk of exposure to lead -based paint, and presence of housing problems to identify the supply of decent housing and the condition of the city's housing inventory. Most of Miami's housing stock was built prior to 1980 indicating a need for housing rehabilitation. Public and Assisted Housing — Examines the total number of public housing units and housing vouchers administered by the Miami -Dade Public Housing and Community Development and the City of Miami. PHCD manages over 7,000 public housing units, some of which are within city limits, and also utilizes vouchers for Miami residents. The City of Miami administers 366 vouchers including 126 Housing Choice Vouchers, 24 protected vouchers, 30 mainstream vouchers, and 186 moderate rehab. Currently the waiting lists for public housing units and vouchers are closed. Homeless Facilities and Services — Looks at the availability of beds for individuals experiencing homelessness. The 2023 Housing Inventory County report identifies 8,578 total year-round beds available for persons experiencing homelessness. This total includes emergency shelter, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing. Special Needs Facilities and Services — Provides information on facilities and services that meet the needs of the populations considered to be special needs. Special needs populations in Miami require housing stability and access to supportive services. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 78 Barriers to Affordable Housing — An insight into public policy that may impede access to or development of affordable housing. The city's lack of developable land and historically designated zoning codes may act as a barrier to affordable housing for the City of Miami. Non -Housing Community Development Assets — Provides an overview of economic development needs such as the need for employment training/education for workers to better align with the major employment sectors and the need for business assistance to support economic growth. Broadband Needs of Housing occupied by Low- and Moderate -Income Households — Examines the availability of internet and broadband services to low- and moderate -income households within the city. Broadband access of 100 Mbps and higher is readily available citywide, however, subscription rates for those broadband internet services are lower in central and northern Miami, and much higher — over 90% subscription rate — along the coast. Hazard Mitigation — Reviews the risk climate change has on low- and moderate -income households. The City of Miami is particularly susceptible to both near -term natural hazards such as hurricanes and heavy storms, and to the long-term impacts of climate change such as sea level rise and rising temperatures. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 79 MA-10 Number of Housing Units — 91.210(a)&(b)(2) Introduction The Housing Supply Analysis provides an estimate of the current housing supply in the City of Miami and helps determine if there is a diverse housing stock which increases access to affordable housing. Data will also provide information about gaps in the housing supply to help identify specific housing needs. All residential properties by number of units Property Type Number 1-unit detached structure 51,346 24% 1-unit, attached structure 18,703 9% 2-4 units 15,954 7% 5-19 units 27,922 13% 20 or more units 99,363 46% Mobile Home, boat, RV, van, etc 1,532 1% Total 214,820 100% Table 29 — Residential Properties by Unit Number Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates, Table DP04 or B25024 Unit Size by Tenure Owners Renters Number % Number No bedroom 2,215 4% 15,302 11% 1 bedroom 5,307 9% 46,288 36% 2 bedrooms 20,083 36% 52,042 40% 3 or more bedrooms 28,464 51% 16,436 13% Total 56,069 100% 130,068 100% Table 30 — Unit Size by Tenure Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates, Table B25042; Numbers presented in this table are for occupied units, not total units. Describe the number and targeting (income level/type of family served) of units assisted with federal, state, and local programs The City of Miami invests a large amount of its state and federal dollars towards housing activities including improving access to affordable housing, preserving the existing housing stock, and providing subsidies to support homeownership. Through its federal CDBG and HOME programs, the city will commit $4,500,000 over five -years to rehabilitate 250 rental units and 30 homeowner units, $19,806,797 to construct 1,250 rental units and 50 homeowner units and will provide $3,600,000 for homeowner assistance to 30 households. The city will also provide 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 80 Tenant -Based Rental Assistance (TBRA), Short Term Rental, Mortgage, and Utility (STRMU) assistance, and Section 8 assistance through HOME, HOPWA, and ESG in the amount of $93,846,907 to assist 950 units. The Local Housing Assistance Plan (LHAP) details the city's strategy for the State Housing Incentive Partnership (SHIP) program. According to Miami's LHAP, between 2022-2025 the city aims to serve 33 very low-income, 27 low-income, and 3 moderate -income units through the following strategies: • Emergency Home Repair Assistance Program • Single Family Rehabilitation Assistance Program • Single Family Replacement Home Program • Home Buyer Financing Program • Disaster Relief Program- Rehab Owner Occupied Housing • Homeownership Development Program • Rental Housing Development Program • Disaster Relief Program -Rental, Mortgage & Utility Payment The city has targeted, and will continue to target very low, low, and moderate -income families and households. Household types targeted include small related, large related, family, elderly, disabled, homeless or at -risk of becoming homeless, special needs households, and households including those living with HIV/AIDS and their families. Provide an assessment of units expected to be lost from the affordable housing inventory for any reason, such as expiration of Section 8 contracts According to the most recent Assisted Housing Inventory report compiled by the Shimberg Center, there are 165 properties for which there are available subsidy expiration dates in the City of Miami, one property aged -out in 2022, two properties aged -out in 2023, and four properties aged -out in 2024. An additional 10 properties are aging out by 2030, for a total of 650 units lost between 2022 and 2030. In addition, as of the 2024 list, 18 of these properties are "Not Ready for Occupancy." The city works diligently to replenish the affordable housing stock through its state and federal housing strategies including new construction of affordable rental and owner housing. During the consolidated plan period, the city proposes to develop 1,300 new affordable units with a commitment of $19,806,797 in federal grant money. The city also includes homeownership and rental development strategies in the LHAP and will use SHIP dollars to increase access to affordable housing and help reduce the impact from the loss of units. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 81 The city has included goals in its current Analysis of Impediments to implement efforts aimed at increasing access to affordable housing including continuing to work with the local Community Land Trusts to determine opportunities to develop permanent affordable housing. The City of Miami's Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA) also has an active role in developing affordable housing to help replace lost units. Omni CRA's "Uni Tower" project offers 100% of units below market rents. Uni Tower uses Tax Increment Financing and a grant from the CRA totaling $10.5 million to take advantage of the federal Opportunity Zone Program and attract private investment and leverage public funds in the neighborhood. It has 252 affordable and workforce units, office space, and ground floor retail. Does the availability of housing units meet the needs of the population? Though the City of Miami has designed its programs to increase access to affordable housing, availability of units does not meet the needs of the population. This is demonstrated by extensive waiting lists for public housing and for housing choice vouchers. Waiting lists for subsidized housing and vouchers are currently closed, exacerbating the unmet housing needs of many individuals and families looking for housing stability. In addition, the homeless needs assessment of this plan indicates the nature and extent of homelessness for Miami to be 1,058 unsheltered individuals. This number would be greatly reduced or eliminated if there were more available affordable units. Like the rest of the state, Miami has seen an influx of residents post pandemic. The city of Miami is one of the smallest major cities in the U.S. at only 55 square miles, but ACS data indicates the city has one of the largest populations. As the population continues to grow, the need for additional units continues to increase. The challenges to this are the costs of construction and access to adequate developable land within the city, limiting the capacity or funds to create enough supply to meet the fast -paced market demands. Development costs and tax credit restrictions can exclude the creation of affordable units entirely or limit it to certain areas. The pandemic also presented an unprecedented housing market making homeownership opportunities for low-income or vulnerable populations difficult. Home purchase prices have risen significantly, and a low inventory of available units priced out many prospective homebuyers. Inflation continues post pandemic increasing the cost of utilities, taxes, insurance and interest rates, making homeownership unaffordable. In addition, most of the city's housing stock was built prior to 1980, which suggests that many available units throughout the city may need rehabilitation prior to occupancy. Units must be suitable for living and be compliant with local codes. An aging housing stock leads to the lack of available units to meet the needs of the population. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 82 Describe the need for specific types of housing Miami faces various barriers to housing diversity because of its size and limited availability of land. While according to the 2022 ACS single-family detached homes represent 24% of the housing stock, Miami is primarily comprised of renters at 70% increasing the need for multi- family housing. Forty-six percent of the city's housing stock is multi -family with 20 or more units, but still the increasing population is perpetuating the need for more rental units of this type, particularly affordable units as rents continue to rise. The advantage of living in multi -family housing is that it is often more affordable than single-family housing. Most of these units in Miami offer two bedrooms and less square footage, but the influx of residents' post pandemic has caused a lack of multi -family units to meet the needs of renters. Because of this, access to affordable multi -family rental units remains a significant need for the city. Redevelopment to include twin housing or duplexes may also be a need to accommodate renters and promote a more diverse housing stock. Thes units also tend to be 1-2-bedroom units which can assist renters wanting smaller units and help reduce housing costs. Though more challenging for Miami, there is still a need for single-family homes to promote homeownership, which is often more affordable than renting, especially in the current market. Single-family homes are very desirable to prospective homebuyers because they offer a sense of privacy and independence that multi -family units may not. Most of these homes also offer three or more bedrooms and larger square footage to accommodate larger families. But as home values continue to rise and interest rates remain high, single-family homes cost more to buy and maintain so this type of housing is becoming unattainable, particularly for low-income residents. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 83 MA-15 Housing Market Analysis: Cost of Housing - 91.210(a) Introduction The following tables show the cost of both owner and renter housing in the City of Miami to help determine housing affordability for Miami residents. Data will also provide a better understanding of any housing market shifts in recent years. These tables have been updated with American Community Survey (ACS) data to better reflect the current market. Cost of Housing Base Year: 2010 Most Recent Year: 2022 % Change Median Home Value $278,600 $433,900 56% Median Contract Rent $768 $1,494 94% Table 31— Cost of Housing Data Source: 2010 Census (Base Year), 2018-2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates (Most Recent Year), Tables B25077 (median value) and DP04 (median rent). Rent Paid Number Less than $500 10,875 9% $500-999 15,677 12% $1,000-1,499 37,537 30% $1,500-1,999 25,744 20% $2,000 or more 37,433 29% Total 127,266 100.0% Table 32 - Rent Paid Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates, Table DP04 Housing Affordability Number of Units affordable to Households earning Renter Owner 30% HAMFI 11,395 No Data 50% HAMFI 25,920 4,200 80% HAMFI 71,330 11,915 100% HAMFI No Data 17,615 Total 108,645 33,730 Table 33 — Housing Affordability Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 84 Monthly Rent Monthly Rent ($) Efficiency (no bedroom) 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Bedroom 4 Bedroom Fair Market Rent 1,683 1,884 2,324 3,027 3,589 High HOME Rent 1,273 1,364 1,639 1,885 2,084 Low HOME Rent 993 1,064 1,276 1.475 1,646 Table 34 — Monthly Rent Data Source: 2024 HUD FMR (MSA Area) and 2024 HOME Rents (MSA Area) Is there sufficient housing for households at all income levels? Lack of affordable housing affects households of all income categories in Miami, but as expected the income level most impacted by the lack of affordable and sufficient rental housing is households making less than 30% of the HUD Area Median Family Income (HAMFI). According to 2013-2017 CHAS data, there are only 11,395 rental units affordable to households at the 30% HAMFI income category. Owner households at the 50% HAMFI income level are most impacted by the lack of affordable and sufficient housing. Only 4,200 owner units are affordable to households earning 50% of the HAMFI. For renters and owners, most housing is only affordable to those earning at or above 80% of the HAMFI, but the pandemic and inflation significantly changed the housing market in Miami so that even those at or above 100% HAMFI are struggling with finding affordable housing. According to the 2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates, 30% of Miami renters are paying $1,000 - $1,499 in rent and 29% are paying over $2,000 in rent. Rents this high are often being paid for smaller units as 40% of Miami's rental housing stock is 2-bedroom apartments. When looking at the current market in 2024, rent payments for a 2-bedroom apartment are averaging above $3,000, and newer rental developments in areas with access to amenities are renting upwards of $5,000/month. Miami's workforce is also impacted by the lack of missing middle housing. These are households that earn too much to qualify for subsidy, but their working wages are not enough to escape housing cost burden. The current housing market has also priced out prospective low and moderate -income buyers, making homeownership out of reach for many. Homeownership is more attainable for homeowners earning above 100% HAMFI. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 85 How is affordability of housing likely to change considering changes to home values and/or rents? The current housing market has changed significantly since the writing of the previous Consolidated Plan. In 2019, the nation experienced the start of the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in record low interest rates at 2.65% in January 2021 followed by extreme market shifts causing an affordable housing crisis. Housing prices have risen quickly, bringing home values higher with each sale. A low inventory of homes continued to exacerbate the housing affordability issue. Priced out buyers turned to renting, increasing demand which raised rents. Miami is primarily a rental market, and the city is experiencing a surge in rental rates that has yet to stabilize. The demand for rental units in Miami will continue to rise due to population growth and unaffordability of homeownership. In the current market, rents for 2-bedroom units range from $2,500 to over $5,000 depending on location and amenities offered. Though the city continues efforts to build new rental housing the lack of developable land, construction costs, and funding are barriers to meeting the rental housing demands. Low inventory will continue to reduce the affordability of rental units as landlords take advantage of current market conditions and raise rents. The 2022 ACS reports the median home value in Miami to be $433,900. According to the Florida Realtors SunStats, the median sales price for single-family homes as of April 2023 was $685,000 and $775,000 in April 2024, a 13% increase over 12-months. This is evidence of a continuing hostile market. Home sales remain significantly higher than true appraised values, making homes unaffordable. Home prices remain high and unaffordable, particularly for lower income buyers. Lender requirements for down payment and closing costs can also impede affordable homeownership opportunities. While some lenders offer mortgage products intended to promote affordability, the hostile nature of the current housing market, and now increase in interest rates, has made these loan products less effective. USDA loans offer 100% financing with zero down -payment and FHA loans offer terms requiring only 3.5% down -payment. But when home prices as high as Miami's that percentage still requires nearly $27,125 for a down - payment and that does not include closing costs. Other barriers to qualifying for these affordable products include credit score qualification and the buyer being responsible for providing closing costs up to 6% of the purchase price. If purchase terms include seller paid closing costs or lenders have in house programs to supplement closing costs, these loans could be considered affordable mortgage products. The recent ruling against the National Association of Realtors which will no longer require seller's to pay buyer agent commissions on a transaction will only further reduce affordability for prospective homebuyers. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 86 The market has not fully recovered, and home values and rents have remained high. This trend is expected to continue and will permanently impact housing affordability for some time. The federal government continues to raise interest rates attempting to offset inflation; however, this makes homeownership extremely difficult particularly for lower income buyers and there will continue to be a strain on the rental market. How do HOME rents / Fair Market Rent compare to Area Median Rent? How might this impact your strategy to produce or preserve affordable housing? Miami's area median rents are significantly higher in comparison to fair market and HOME rents. In some cases, median rents are more than 2 times higher. The 2022 ACS data reports the median contract rent in Miami to be $1,494 but as mentioned above, when looking at the current rates for a 2-bedroom unit (the most common housing size in Miami) rents can range from $2,500 to over $5,000. The fair market rate for a 2-bedroom is $2,324, high HOME rent is $1,639, and low HOME rent is $1,276. Current rates have presented barriers to assisting renters through state and federal programs as landlords are able to charge and get more for rents than what vouchers allow and are unwilling to participate in the city's affordable housing programs. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 87 MA-20 Housing Market Analysis: Condition of Housing — 91.21O(a) Introduction It is important to understand the condition of Miami's housing stock as it directly impacts affordability for homeowners and renters. The following section outlines "selected" housing conditions as defined by the Census Bureau and HUD. These conditions are generally considered identifiers of substandard housing, although the last two conditions on the list relate to the household, not the housing unit. Various factors also in this section help determine the need for housing rehabilitation for owners and renters. The quality of the housing stock is contingent on housing condition, age of the structure, and the risk of lead -based paint in the unit. The Census Bureau and HUD defines a "selected" condition as: • Lacking complete plumbing facilities • Lacking complete kitchen facilities • More than one person per room • Housing costs are greater than 30% of household income. Definitions One of the city's goals is to increase the availability of permanent housing in standard condition to increase affordability for its low-income residents. To ensure housing projects and activities meet this goal, it is important to define the terms standard condition, substandard condition, and substandard condition but suitable for rehabilitation. • Standard condition - means a housing unit that meets the HUD Housing Quality Standards (HQS) and all applicable state and local codes. • Substandard Condition- A housing unit deemed as "substandard" is a unit that does not comply with the city's minimum housing code nor with HUD's Housing Quality Standards (HQS) for any assisted housing unit utilizing federal funding. The City of Miami Minimum Housing Code: According to Metropolitan Miami -Dade County Minimum Housing Standards Ordinance for the City of Miami (Ordinance No.12-111, Part III, Article III), the law requires all housing and apartments to be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition and to contain certain basic equipment in good working condition and installed to code such as a kitchen sink, lavatory, tub or shower and water closet. Specifically, the code establishes a minimum standard for light/ventilation, basic equipment, and indoor space of the housing unit, safety/sanitary requirements, and outlines the responsibilities of the owners and occupants. HUD Housing and Quality Standards (HQS): According to HUD, the 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 88 HQS defines "standard housing" and establishes the minimum criteria for the health and safety of housing program participants. • Substandard condition but suitable for rehabilitation - Generally speaking, a housing unit that is in "substandard condition but suitable for rehabilitation" is in poor condition yet both structurally and financially feasible to rehabilitate. At a minimum, the unit must pass the City of Miami Building Department's valuation to demolish unsafe structures. For context, it is first important to note the definition of a fire hazard and/or unsafe structures pursuant to the City of Miami Sec. 10-101, includes the following criteria, but is not limited to: o Vacant, unguarded and open at doors or windows o There is accumulation of debris or other material therein representing a hazard of combustion o The building condition creates hazards with respect to means of egress and fire protection o It exhibits signs of structural stress such as cracks, unusual sagging, rotting of wood members, termite damage, or if ceilings, walls and roofs are collapsing or caving - in o Water service is disconnected o Work is performed without proper permits and inspections o If the building is partially destroyed o As additionally defined in Chapter 8 of the Miami -Dade County Code or if it meets the criteria of a vacant and abandoned property under Chapter 10 of the City of Miami Code. Once a structure has been deemed unsafe, according to the City of Miami Code of Ordinances (Part II, Chapter 10, Article VI), the Building Department will issue an order to demolish the unit if "the cost of completion, alteration, repair and/or replacement of an unsafe building or structure or part thereof exceeds 50 percent of its value. If the cost of completion, alteration, repair and/or replacement of an unsafe building or structure or part thereof does not exceed 50 percent of its value, such building or structure may be repaired and made safe." The City of Miami has a replacement program in place for those eligible households who own sub -standard homes that need to be demolished. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 89 Condition of Units Condition of Units Owner -Occupied Renter -Occupied Number % Number % With one selected Condition 20,942 37% 74,009 57% With two selected Conditions 777 1% 5,982 5% With three selected Conditions 8 1% 398 0% With four selected Conditions 0 0% 24 0% No selected Conditions 34,342 61% 49,655 38% Total 56,069 100% 130,068 100% Table 35 - Condition of Units Data Source: 2018-2012 ACS Five -Year Estimates, Table B25123 Year Unit Built Year Unit Built Owner -Occupied Renter -Occupied Number % Number % 2000 or later 13,122 24% 41,208 32% 1980-1999 6,950 12% 18,415 14% 1950-1979 20,293 36% 51,823 40% Before 1950 15,704 28% 18,622 14% Total 56,069 100% 130,068 100% Table 36 — Year Unit Built Data Source: 2013-2017 CHAS, Table B25036 Risk of Lead -Based Paint Hazard Risk of Lead -Based Paint Hazard Owner -Occupied Renter -Occupied Number % Number % Total Number of Units Built Before 1980. 35,997 64% 70,445 54% Housing units built before 1980 with children present 6,800 12% 1,695 1% Table 37 — Risk of Lead -Based Paint Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates, Table B25036 (Total Units), 2013-2017 CHAS (Units with Children present) Vacant Units Suitable for Rehabilitation Not Suitable for Rehabilitation Total Vacant Units 28,683 Abandoned Vacant Units 440 292 732 REO Properties 15 2 17 Abandoned REO Properties 187 20 207 Table 38 - Vacant Units Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates, Tables B25004 (Vacant Units) and B25131 (Abandoned Vacant Units —Vacant for 24 months or longer). RealtyTrac Listing Data (REO Properties — Bank Owned, Abandoned REO Properties - Auction Homes). Data Comments: Vacant Units column includes for rent, for sale, and seasonal homes that are not in need of rehabilitation therefore only the total number of vacant units is given. Units not suitable for rehabilitation calculated as 40% of total abandoned vacant units and 10% of REO properties and abandoned REO properties. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 90 Need for Owner and Rental Rehabilitation The age of the housing stock is a key indicator to assess the need for housing rehabilitation as older structures are more susceptible to deterioration and code violations. In the absence of maintenance, older homes can quickly become substandard. Rehabilitation of aging homes is important to preserving existing units affordable to lower -income households facing high rates of housing cost burden. In addition, housing rehabilitation programs assist lower income households mitigate deterioration, invest in energy efficiency, or harden the home for disaster resilience. The 2022 ACS Five -Year Estimates for Miami indicate that most of Miami's housing, owner - occupied and renter -occupied, was built between 1950-1979 at 36% and 40% respectively. This indicates a housing stock that is estimated to be 50+ years old. In addition to the damage time and weather can do to a home, building codes have also changed. In many cases, these older homes fall out of compliance with local codes and are considered unsafe for occupancy. This alone is a strong indicator for needing both owner and renter rehabilitation. Data on homes having housing problems, or "selected" housing conditions indicates that 37% of owner housing and 57% of rental units have at least one "selected" condition. This could mean the unit lacks complete plumbing or kitchen facilities, there is more than one person per room, or the cost burden for that unit is greater than 30%, all of which are considered substandard conditions. This data is an indicator that there is a need for both owner and renter rehabilitation. The city does include housing rehabilitation for owners and renters as a consolidated plan goal and will commit $4.5 million of CDBG and HOME dollars over five -years to rehabilitate 250 rental units and 30 owner units. Estimated Number of Housing Units Occupied by Low- or Moderate -Income Families with LBP Hazards An estimated 64% of owner units (35,997 units) and 54% percent of renter units (70,445 units) in the city have a risk of lead -based paint hazard. Given that most of these properties exist in older city neighborhoods, it is estimated that the vast majority of owner and renter units with a risk of lead -based paint hazard are occupied by low -and moderate -income households. Regarding the risk for lead -based paint exposure for lower income families, there are 14,310 low- income households with children in the City of Miami, and of those units many were built prior to 1980 and have a risk for lead -based paint. CHAS data reports that of the households with children 5,665 are extremely -low income, 4,455 are very -low income, and 4,190 are low income. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 91 The leading cause of lead -based poisoning is exposure to dust from deteriorating paint in homes constructed before 1980. This is due to the high lead content used in paint during that period, particularly in homes built before 1950. Pre-1980 housing occupied by lower income households with children offer high risks of lead exposure due to poor housing conditions related to lower levels of maintenance exercised by lower income households. This is an important factor since it is not the lead paint itself that causes the hazards, but rather the deterioration of the paint that releases lead -contaminated dust and allows children to peel and eat lead -contaminated flakes. Therefore, for the purpose of this plan, the number of units built before 1980 will serve as a default baseline of units that contain lead -based paint hazards. According to the 2018-2022 ACS, 5-Year Estimates, there are 106,442 occupied housing units in the City of Miami that were built prior to 1980. Most of these units are occupied by renters. As noted above on Risk of Lead -Based Paint Hazard and based on the definition of lead -based paint hazards, approximately 12% of the owner -occupied housing units built in the City of Miami before 1980 have children present, and approximately 1% of the renter occupied units in the City of Miami were built before 1980 and have children present. As noted in another section of this document, the city has been very fortunate to have not experienced high numbers of lead poisoning cases within its city zip codes for several years. Discussion A significant portion of the housing stock in the jurisdiction is older and will benefit from improvements such as rehabilitation. Dedicating funding sources to support rehabilitation of both owner occupied and renter occupied properties will help preserve the housing stock and make it safer for low- and moderate -income households and more resilient. In addition, rehabilitation mitigates lead -based paint reducing the risk of exposure, particularly for young children. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 92 MA-25 Public and Assisted Housing — 91.210(b) Introduction The City of Miami is served by Miami -Dade Public Housing and Community Development (PHCD) which owns and operates public housing units and provides vouchers within city limits. The City of Miami also manages its own voucher program. The data in the table below represents the total number of housing choice vouchers being utilized and managed by the City of Miami. PHCD data is pending. Totals Number of Units Program Type Certificate Mod- Rehab Public Housing Vouchers Total Project -based Tenant -based Special Purpose Voucher Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing Family Unification Program Disabled * # of units vouchers available 0 186 0 180 0 150 0 0 30 # of accessible units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 *includes Non -Elderly Disab * Data currently represents ed, Mainstream One -Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition City of Miami Vouchers. Table 39 — Total Number of Units by Program Type Data PIC (PIN Information Center) Source: 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 93 Describe the supply of public housing developments: Describe the number and physical condition of public housing units in the jurisdiction, including those that are participating in an approved Public Housing Agency Plan: Public Housing Condition Public Housing Development Average Inspection Score Scott Carver Phases 2a & B 42 Scott Carver Phase 2c 34 Ward Tower II 83 Site 110 66 Site 120 34 Site 130 63 Site 140 74 Site 150 73 Site 170 71 Site 180 58 Site 190 72 Site 210 68 Site 220 80 Site 221 82 Site 230 And 232 76 Helen Sawyer Plaza 82 Site 240 69 Site 250 43 Site 270 56 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 94 Site 280 68 Site 291 68 Site 310 And 311 73 Site 340 66 Site 361 74 Green Turnkey - Rehab 89 Stirrup Plaza Phase Two 86 Smathers Phase Two 97 Martin Fine Villas 94 Liberty Square - Phase 1 59 Liberty Square - Phase 2 68 Smathers Phase One 93 Liberty Square Phase 3 82 Lincoln Gardens Phase One 99 Table 40 - Public Housing Condition Describe the restoration and revitalization needs of public housing units in the jurisdiction: HUD does routine Real Estate Assessment Center (REAC) physical inspections and provides scores for public housing and multifamily assisted housing across the U.S. A passing score is 60. As of June 2023, there were 33 properties in Miami that were inspected and scored. The average score for the 33 properties located in Miami that were surveyed is 71 out of 100 possible points, with 28 properties having at least one severe health and safety deficiency noted, 5 properties with at least one moderate health and safety deficiency noted, and 16 properties with at least one inoperable smoke detector. Property age seems to be a major factor influencing these scores. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 95 Describe the public housing agency's strategy for improving the living environment of low- and moderate -income families residing in public housing: According to the 5-Year PHA Plan, some of the strategies for improving the living environment of low- and moderate -income families residing in public housing include increasing assisted housing choices by advising applicants and current families of housing opportunities, improving community quality of life and economic vitality by continuing meetings with resident councils to provide training on various aspects of resident organization and empowerment, increasing the number of employed persons in assisted families by monitoring contractors and subcontractors for compliance with Section 3 training and employment goals and continuing to offer opportunities and employment training programs, identifying supporting services to increase independence for the elderly or families with disabilities, and continuing to provide Earned Income Disallowance to qualified families. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 96 MA-30 Homeless Facilities and Services — 91.210(c) Introduction According to the 2023 Homeless HIC report, in the FL-600 CoC reporting area, there were a total of 8,578 total year-round beds available (inclusive of emergency shelters, transitional housing and supportive housing beds). There were 3,435 total beds available for households with children, and 5,135 total beds for only adults. As members of the FL-600 CoC adjust programming to focus more on permanent housing solutions like permanent supportive housing and rapid rehousing, it is expected that the overall composition of emergency shelter, transitional housing and permanent supportive housing beds will continue to change over the course of this consolidated plan's coverage. This shift away from transitional housing beds is reflective of shifts in overall policy and prioritization by HUD, based on best practices in addressing homelessness. Facilities and Housing Targeted to Homeless Households Emergency Shelter Beds Transitional Housing Beds Permanent Supportive Housing Beds Year Round Beds (Current & New) Voucher / Seasonal / Overflow Beds Current & New Current & New Under Development Households with Adult(s) and Children) 1,164 28 144 1,668 0 Households with Only Adults 1,207 0 322 3,229 0 Chronically Homeless Households 0 0 0 3,451 0 Veterans 0 0 90 1,349 0 Unaccompanied Youth 58 0 12 0 0 Table 41- Facilities and Housing Targeted to Homeless Households 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 97 Describe mainstream services, such as health, mental health, and employment services to the extent those services are use to complement services targeted to homeless persons Crisis and Transitional Counseling Services There are several crisis and transitional counseling services throughout the area. The Advocate Program, through Adult Behavioral Health Services, offers substance abuse evaluations and mental health evaluations for adults, outpatient counseling services, intensive outpatient services, individual counseling and treatment, outpatient substance abuse treatment, aftercare and recovery services, and behavioral health case management. Services are offered on a sliding scale and funds are available to help cover the costs of services to individuals residing in Miami - Dade County who are uninsured or underinsured. Banyan's Mobile Health program provides primary medical care, behavioral care, including mental health and substance abuse help, along with health education services for adults and children. Underinsured adults and children can receive a wide range of services including preventative care, health screenings, behavioral health care, and management and care coordination of chronic health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and asthma. Health education, pharmacy services, and referrals to specialists are also provided. The Belafonte Tacolcy Care Coordination Program develops a case plan for family concerns and provides a 90-day follow-up on progress. Services offered include parenting skills, individual/family counseling, employment resources, food stamps, Medicaid, cash assistance, and substance dependency. Care Resource provides individual, couple, group, and family therapy. They are also experienced in issues unique to communities of color and LGBTQ. Community Health of South Florida, Inc. offers behavioral health care services in person or via telehealth. The offer individual, family, and substance abuse services, children's outpatient therapy, a specialized therapeutic foster care program, and a crisis stabilization/detox unit. CHI accepts most insurance plans and offer a sliding fee scale based on income for those without insurance. Healthy Connections is contracted to offer mental health services to Miami -Dade County Public Schools. Services include outpatient counseling for children, adolescents, and adults, parent/child coaching, parent enrichment sessions, after -school emotional literacy program, school -based therapy, and targeted case management. The Regis House —Adolescent and Family is a community based organization which offers various programs and services such as co-occurring psychiatric/mental health, substance abuse services, 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 98 individual, group and family counseling/therapy, school -based prevention programs and public assistance programs. The Lodge provides emergency shelter for survivors of domestic violence and/or sexual assault and their dependents. Clients who do not wish to remain in the shelter may also receive assistance. In addition, The Lodge provides emergency assistance to male survivors of domestic violence. Services include information and referral counseling, case management, child assessment, food, financial assistance, housing and shelter, and support groups for women. Trinity Church/Peacemakers Family Center assists individuals and families in crisis with case management and crisis counseling. Dental Services According to the website, the Caring for Miami Project Smile Program provides free comprehensive dental care to low-income, uninsured individuals in Miami -Dade County. Their aim is to reduce the number of adults with untreated dental disease who are unable to otherwise access the care they need. Through the Project Smile Program, Caring for Miami responds to current community needs to improve access to affordable dental care and provide a dental home to economically disadvantaged individuals who reside in Miami -Dade County. In addition, Project Smile provides volunteer led Mobile Clinic Events as a tool for local organizations, agencies and churches to serve their community through the provision of free dental care. Community Smiles is a community -based, fully accredited, nonprofit dental clinic whose mission is providing oral health education and improving access to dental care for the uninsured, low- income children and families of Miami -Dade County. Their services include preventive and restorative services, specialty dental care, post -doctoral residency program, patient education, community outreach and oral health screenings, continuing education for professionals, and a dental assistant certification program. Employment Services and Job Skills Training Abriendo Puertas, Inc. provides job placement referrals in addition to various classes and training through the Adult and Community Education Program. Association for the Development of the Exceptional offers adult day training, culinary art training and supported employment for persons with a primary disability of mental retardation ages 18+ years old with a secondary disability of cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism, behavioral or physical challenges, auditory of speech challenges or other conditions categorized as developmental disabilities. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 99 Ayuda Miami — Family Empowerment provides life skills programs that support self-sufficiency to at -risk and underserved children and families in South Florida. Branches — United Way for Financial Stability provides the tools and resources necessary to help individuals achieve financial stability. Services include: financial coaching and education, credit counseling, free income tax preparation, free life insurance through LifeBridge, affordable internet, benefits enrollment, employment services (job training, interviewing skills and resume building), financial workshops, seminars and trainings and other asset building services. Camillus House, Inc. offers fully integrated programs and services through multiple core competency areas that include emergency services, housing, health care, substance abuse treatment, and job training and placement. There is also emergency assistance with food, clothing and shelter, job training and placement, residential substance abuse treatment and aftercare, behavioral health and maintenance, health care access and disease prevention, transitional and permanent housing, crisis intervention and legal services. CareerSource offers job training programs, job fairs, job search, workshops, assistance with unemployment claims, and professional placement network. These agencies are only a few of numerous agencies throughout the area that provide employment assistance/job placement services. Legal Services Dade County Legal Aid Society provides free civil legal services to qualifying low-income residents of Miami -Dade County in the areas of family law, personal safety, domestic violence, protective and corrective security, community and legal stability, health, shelter, bankruptcy, collections, unfair sales, probate, patent and nonprofit. Services are offered in English, Spanish, and Creole. Catholic Legal Services offers services in a number of areas, from asylum applications, to removal defense, legal consultations, DACA renewals, work permit applications, family petitions, status changes, and more. Legal Services of Greater Miami, Inc. specializes in legal issues pertaining to consumer protection, education, healthcare access, homeownership, low-income taxpayers, public benefits, small businesses and non-profit organizations, and tenant rights. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 100 List and describe services and facilities that meet the needs of homeless persons, particularly chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth. If the services and facilities are listed on screen SP-40 Institutional Delivery Structure or screen MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services, describe how these facilities and services specifically address the needs of these populations. Several non-profit providers and faith -based organizations offer services to the homeless population, including emergency shelter, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing. The providers are identified in the 2023 Housing Inventory County and include the following organizations. Chronically Homeless • Better Way of Miami (Permanent Supportive Housing 165 beds) • Camillus House (Permanent Supportive Housing 1,052 beds) • Carrfour Supportive Housing (Permanent Supportive Housing 1,075 beds) • Citrus Health Network (Permanent Supportive Housing 738 beds) • Douglas Gardens Community Mental Health (Permanent Supportive Housing 76 beds) • Fellowship House (Permanent Supportive Housing 34 beds) • Volunteers of America (Permanent Supportive Housing 216 beds) Families with Children • Chapman Partnership (Emergency Shelter 366 beds, Rapid Re -Housing 125 beds) • City of Miami Homeless Assistance Program (Emergency Shelter 241 beds) • Hermanos De La Calle (Emergency Shelter 7 beds) • Miami Dade Community Action and Human Services Department (Emergency Shelter 109 beds, Transitional Housing 144 beds, Rapid Re -Housing 36 beds) • The Salvation Army (Emergency Shelter 30 beds) • The Sundari Foundation (Emergency Shelter 389 beds) • Victims Response, Inc (Emergency Shelter 22 beds) • Better Way of Miami (Permanent Supportive Housing 57 beds) • Camillus House (Permanent Supportive Housing 682 beds, Rapid Re -Housing 19 beds) • Carrfour Supportive Housing (Permanent Supportive Housing 522 beds, Rapid Re -Housing 74 beds) • Citrus Health Network (Permanent Supportive Housing 156 beds, Rapid Re -Housing 56 beds) • Douglas Gardens Community Mental Health (Permanent Supportive Housing 7 beds) • New Horizons Community Mental Health (Permanent Supportive Housing 80 beds) 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 101 • Volunteers of America (Permanent Supportive Housing 164 beds, Other Permanent Housing 115 beds) • The Advocate Program (Rapid Re -Housing 34 beds) Veterans • Camillus House (Safe Haven 20 beds, Transitional Housing 34 beds, Permanent Supportive Housing 35 beds, Other Permanent Housing 60 beds) • Carrfour Supportive Housing (Transitional Housing 26 beds, Permanent Supportive Housing 125 beds) • Volunteers of America (Transitional Housing 30 beds, Permanent Supportive Housing 7 beds) • Beter Way of Miami (Permanent Supportive Housing 5 beds) • Citrus Health Network (Permanent Supportive Housing 37 beds) • Veterans Administration (HUD VASH Permanent Supportive Housing 1140 beds) • Carrfour Supportive Housing (Rapid Re -Housing 23 beds) • The Advocate Program (Rapid Re -Housing 65 beds, Other Permanent Housing 60 beds) • New Hope C.O.R.P.S. (Other Permanent Housing 25 beds) Unaccompanied Youth • Camillus House (Emergency Shelter 12 beds) • Miami Bridge (Emergency Shelter 8 beds) • The Sundari Foundation (Emergency Shelter 38 beds) • Citrus Health Network (Transitional Housing 12 beds, Rapid Re -Housing 67 beds) 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 102 MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services — 91.210(d) Introduction This section offers a brief outline of the facilities and services available to the special needs population in the City of Miami. HOPWA Assistance Baseline Table Type of HOWA Assistance Number of Units Designated or Available for People with HIV/AIDS and their families TBRA 715 PH in facilities 26 STRMU 50 ST or TH facilities 0 PH placement 50 Table 42— HOPWA Assistance Baseline Data Source: Florida Health Department, Florida Health Charts, Miami -Dade County, 2019-2022, HIV Diagnoses Tab and Persons with HIV (PWH) Tab Including the elderly, frail elderly, persons with disabilities (mental, physical, developmental), persons with alcohol or other drug addictions, persons with HIV/AIDS and their families, public housing residents and any other categories the jurisdiction may specify, and describe their supportive housing needs For the elderly/frail elderly living independently in their homes, a priority need is housing rehabilitation to retrofit their homes to be ADA accessible. A lot of the housing stock in the City of Miami was built before 1979 and now requires rehabilitation to eliminate hazardous conditions and physical barriers. The costs of repairs for older substandard housing stock are prohibitive to those living on a fixed income. The cost of retrofitting the home is high and unaffordable, forcing many elderly/frail elderly to transition to adult care facilities. Elderly persons who can remain in their homes will require an increased need for in home care programs. The housing needs of the disabled, mentally ill, those suffering from substance abuse, and the dually diagnosed vary widely depending upon the extent of the disability and individual needs and preferences. Whereas the physically disabled many only require structural modifications for accessibility, persons with developmental disabilities, severe mental illness, alcohol and/or drug addiction, or the dually diagnosed often require housing with more intensive supportive services. Persons with disabilities (mental, physical, developmental) and victims of substance abuse often have supportive housing needs including access to essential services including healthcare, 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 103 treatment, and counseling services. Healthcare is a costly expense, specifically for low-income persons. Persons living with HIV/AIDS have numerous supportive housing needs including short-term rent, mortgage, utility assistance; permanent housing placement; supportive housing services; resources identification; and housing case management to eligible individuals with HIV/AIDS. Describe programs for ensuring that persons returning from mental and physical health institutions receive appropriate supportive housing The Florida Statutes set forth state discharge guidelines and notes that the intent of the Legislature is to ensure that persons leaving care and custody are not discharged into homelessness. The Florida State Department of Corrections requires contracted halfway houses to secure full employment for clients and to discharge clients into transitional or permanent housing residence. The Federal Bureau of Prisons Halfway House Program has the same requirements. To facilitate discharge or transfer, the hospital is expected to assess the patients' needs, and link them to appropriate aftercare to ensure continuity of care, which may include medical follow- up, including mental health or substance abuse treatment. Homeless persons may be referred to the local Continuum of Care for placement in housing or support services upon release from an institutional setting. Specify the activities that the jurisdiction plans to undertake during the next year to address the housing and supportive services needs identified in accordance with 91.215(e) with respect to persons who are not homeless but have other special needs. Link to one-year goals. 91.315(e) Depending on funding availability, the city may undertake the following activities toward its goal: • Assisting the disabled to obtain decent, safe, and affordable housing by funding accessibility retrofits and identifying housing units suitable for disabled families. • Providing incentives to developers of affordable housing projects for the creation of housing units accessible to special needs populations such as the elderly and disabled. • Continuing to support transitional housing for victims of domestic violence, pregnant women or teen mothers, and persons with alcohol or drug addictions. • Funding non-profit service providers offering transportation, congregate meals, social and recreation activities, healthcare or mental health counseling, and other forms of assistance to special needs populations. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 104 • Supporting efforts to increase the capacity to facilitate systems of care for all non - homeless special needs populations by establishing a single portal for case management, looking to the Continuum of Care for homelessness and other agencies for examples. • Promoting family safety and advocacy for both adults and children by supporting efforts to establish one -stop locations for assistance and direction to other related services. • Supporting programs that help veterans, including employment and legal guidance. • Funding non-profit service providers offering programs for at -risk youth and young adults, including educational activities, life skills training, and programs to prevent recidivism. For entitlement/consortia grantees: Specify the activities that the jurisdiction plans to undertake during the next year to address the housing and supportive services needs identified in accordance with 91.215(e) with respect to persons who are not homeless but have other special needs. Link to one-year goals. (91.220(2)) Not applicable. The City of Miami is not part of a Consortium. Please see information in previous question. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 105 MA-40 Barriers to Affordable Housing — 91.210(e) Negative Effects of Public Policies on Affordable Housing and Residential Investment The City of Miami is one of the smallest major cities by land area (55.24 sq-mi) in the United States with one of the largest populations (443,665 people, 2022 ACS 5YR). The city is also one of the oldest ports in the State of Florida, incorporated in 1896. This means that the city is working with limited land, a well -established and growing population, and historic land use patterns. As a result of these and other factors, the City of Miami also has one of the hottest housing markets with the highest prices in the state and nation. Along with the rest of Florida, prices increased dramatically after 2020; according to Realtor.com, Miami was the fastest growing market in the nation with an increase of 55.3% year -over -year from 2021 to 2022. The most recent Consolidated Plan for Miami 2019-2023 mentioned market forces related to the cost of land, low wages, and construction costs as barriers to affordable housing. These barriers remain in the city today. For example, land costs have continued to increase, taking a sharp upward trend in 2020. Cash buyers versus mortgage buyers of single-family homes fluctuates from month to month but has generally increased between pre-covid and post-COVID sales. According to Miami Realtors, cash buyers made up 28% of buyers in August 2019 compared to 41.2% of home sales in August 2023, related in part to mortgage interest rates which rose from about 3% to 7%. This growth indicates that cash buyers are not deterred by rising interest rates. Many cash buyers are foreign as well as some who have moved from more expensive U.S. markets (wealth migration). As per Miami Realtors in 2023, 153,347 driver licenses were exchanged for a Florida license in the counties of Miami -Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and Martin, up 8.3% from the level in 2022 (141,621) with the market's top feeder states being New York and New Jersey. Meanwhile, workers continue to struggle to afford housing due to low wages. Although voters passed a law in 2020 raising the minimum wage in Florida to $13 in September 2024 (higher than the federal minimum wage of $7.25) and the tipped worker minimum wage to $8.89; Florida's minimum wage will be raised to $14 in 2025, and $15 in 2026, the living wage in Miami -Dade County according to the MIT Living Wage Calculator is $24.26/hour for one adult with no children. At the state level, the Florida legislature continues to fund the SHIP entitlement program which is primarily used for homeownership activities. Furthermore, Florida's Live Local Act passed in 2023 allows developers to build multifamily rental housing without local board approval as long as they provide 40% of units for renters making up to 120% AMI for 30 years, provides tax exemptions to developers of certain affordable housing projects, and preempts certain local regulations on zoning, density and height for certain multifamily affordable housing developments in commercial, industrial, and mixed -use areas. Criticism of this preemption law include concerns related to the 120% AMI allowance, suggesting that residents earning 120% of 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 106 the AMI are not low-income. For example, in Miami -Dade County, 120% AMI for a one -person household was $95,400, meaning the rent limit for a one -bedroom apartment was $2,554, which is comparable to the cost of a market -rate unit. Average wages in the City of Miami are even lower than average Miami -Dade County wages; therefore, the problem is exacerbated. Transit -Oriented Development - Because most of the jobs and activity centers are located within city limits, limited developable land area poses a significant challenge to the supply and affordability of housing for those who want to live within a reasonable distance of where they work and play. Aware of the issue, local leaders of Miami, Miami -Dade County, and the Miami - Dade Transportation Planning Organization have been working together to support transit - oriented development (TOD). TOD areas within the city include areas designated as Rapid Transit Zones (RTZ) which are designed to focus significant density bonuses around rapid transit corridors, and a Bus Express Rapid Transit (BERT) service network. RTZs are relatively permissive and in certain cases include mandatory inclusionary zoning housing requirements for affordable units. In 2016, the Miami -Dade Transportation Planning Organization approved the Strategic Miami Area Rapid Transit (SMART) Plan which identified six corridors where RTZs would be applied. Subsequent Miami -Dade county -level amendments have funded and expanded the SMART Plan, such as an ordinance passed in 2022 which created the Metromover Subzone of the RTZ. Several additional special districts promote transit -oriented development and other high - density mixed -use development, including a public benefits program specific to the Wynwood area with incentives for workforce housing. Zoning and Land Use - The City of Miami implements zoning through a form -based code (Miami 21) with zones T-3 (more suburban development style) to T-6 (more urban development style) with additional zones for workplace, industrial, waterfront industrial, and civic institution health districts, as well as special district regulations laid out in the appendices of the code. The T-4 through T-6 zones are generally more permissive and allow additional housing density and types, as well as parking reductions, particularly in TOD or transit corridor areas. A parking reduction for low-income households and the "elderly" is also permitted in these zones. In the T-5 and T-6 zones, minimum heights are required, and co -living allowances are provided. T-3 zones are single- family residential zones, and have a minimum lot size of 5,000 square -feet. Ultimately, the expansion of allowances for diverse housing types, parking reductions, setback reductions, and other policies in the T-3 zones could potentially assist the City in addressing its housing availability and affordability needs, particularly utilizing strategies that target specific areas, such as along specific corridors or proximity to high -density zones. However, there are other approaches as well, such as continuing to focus on transit -oriented development and expanding upon density allowances, inclusionary zoning, and other regulations in the T-4 through T-6 zones. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 107 Recently, the city also increased lot coverage regulations to allow up to 90% of coverage in many instances in exchange for providing certain benefits like payments made to the City's Affordable Housing Trust Fund (AHTF) or providing off -site open space. Affordable Housing Programs - The City has also codified and implemented several affordable housing incentives programs. These include: • Waiver of the air quality fee in the Southeast Overtown/Park West Development area and interim proprietary and general service fee; • Impact fee deferrals for affordable housing or workforce housing, which only apply to the dwelling units that qualify as affordable housing or workforce housing; • Flexibility with tree protection bonds and tree replacement requirements; • Alternative standards for green building, and • Required incentives of the State Housing Incentives Partnership (SHIP) program (Florida Statute 420.9071(18)): expedited permitting and an ongoing review process of local policies, ordinances, regulations, and plan provisions that increase the cost of housing prior to their adoption. Age of Housing Stock - Public policies such as those discussed above supported a housing construction boom within the city, particularly construction of new rental housing, since the year 2000. However, the majority of the city's housing stock was built prior to 1970, meaning the existing housing stock is over 45 years old. Housing rehabilitation was identified as a priority affordable housing need at both of the general population community input meetings held for this plan. Barriers to Fair Housing - The City also just updated its Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice which analyzed a wide variety of public policies and their effects on affordable housing and residential investment. The plan analyzed barriers in Miami such as the historic patterns of segregation prior to the passing of the 1968 Fair Housing Act, widespread single-family zoned districts in racially/ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), and the rising costs of both renter and homeowner housing (including the cost of property insurance and taxes) and the resulting rising housing cost -burden, particularly for low-income people and people of color. In the recommendations section of the plan, the following fair housing issues were identified: • Access to an affordable and diverse housing stock • Access to affordable homeownership in shifting markets 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 108 • Availability of public transportation and reliable, safe connectivity to community assets • Aging housing stock reducing the preservation of existing affordable units • Loss of affordable rental units due to impacts of natural disasters, expiration of affordability periods, or private use as short-term rentals Residents' Lived Experiences - Through public engagement for this plan, the need for rental and homebuyer assistance rose to the top as a priority, as well as a lack of housing supply for specific populations such as seniors, homeless families, and low-income workers. Residents and stakeholders who participated in the City's public meetings on April 18 and 22 and the survey on the FHC Connect webpage stated that the City's top five priorities for affordable housing programs should be down -payment and first-time homebuyer assistance, rent subsidy, housing for the elderly, housing for homeless families, and rehab for low-income homeowners. During meeting discussions, members highlighted the need for specialized assistance — particularly permanent supportive housing (permanent housing with wrap -around services) — for especially vulnerable populations, such as formerly incarcerated homeless adults. The intersections of housing rehab, seniors and homelessness was also a topic of discussion; one senior couple (in their 80s) spoke about their building not passing 40-year inspection and shutting down rental units, pushing them into homelessness. Finally, fair housing issues and fear of retaliation from landlords resulting in loss of their rental unit in a tight market was also discussed. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 109 MA-45 Non -Housing Community Development Assets — 91.215 (f) Introduction The City of Miami has implemented a cross -departmental approach to economic development with staff across various departments committed to growing existing local businesses, expanding, and diversifying the economic base, and attracting new businesses. Miami residents have access to several major state and federal highways, including 1-95, 1-395, I- 195, and SR 1, SR 968, SR 933, SR 41, SR 9, SR 27, SR 112, SR 863, SR 913, SR 953, SR 972, SR 976, SR 887, SR 944, SR 934, and the A1A. The major coastal cities of Hollywood, Fort Lauderdale, and Pompano Beach are a one -hour drive north, and the Florida Keys are accessible within a one- to two-hour drive south. City of Miami residents and visitors have access to the Miami International Airport (MIA), and the Fort Lauderdale -Hollywood International Airport (FLL) is less than an hour away by car. Miami is also one of the most connected cities in Florida by public transportation. Tri-Rial, Brightline, Amtrak, and Metrorail are four major passenger rail services with routes within the City of Miami and connecting to other cities to the north and south. Within the City, Metrobus and the Metromover provide circulator routes throughout the city as well. As for walk/bike transportation infrastructure, the Miami LOOP recreation trail is one of the primary infrastructure projects for bicycles and pedestrians, with about 100 existing miles of trail and a 225-mile vision. The Rickenbacker Trail, Atlantic Greenway/East Coast Greenway Trail, Flagler Trail, Miami River Greenway, Ludlam Trail, and the Underline are individual trails that make up the Miami LOOP which connect in or cut through the City of Miami. Miami is the largest city and population center of Miami -Dade County with 443,665 people, almost one -fifth the total population of Miami -Dade County's estimated 2.6 million residents. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Miami -Fort Lauderdale -West Palm Beach, FL MSA was $409.48 in billion chained 2017 U.S. dollars, and the real GDP of Miami -Dade County was $184.51 in billion chained 2017 U.S. dollars; both up year -over -year since 2020. Economic Development Market Analysis Business Activity Business by Sector Number of Workers Number of Jobs Share of Workers Share of Jobs Jobs less workers Agriculture, Mining, Oil & Gas Extraction 870 10,010 0.4% 0.9% .5 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 110 Business by Sector Number of Workers Number of Jobs Share of Workers Share of Jobs Jobs less workers Arts, Entertainment, Accommodations 28,636 145,258 12.1% 12.6% .5 Construction 27,844 56,946 11.8% 5.0% -6.8 Education and Health Care Services 38,821 265,890 16.5% 23.1% 6.6 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 18,887 94,712 8.0% 8.2% .2 Information 5,281 23,451 2.2% 2.0% -.2 Manufacturing 8,671 44,156 3.7% 3.8% .1 Other Services 15,349 37,914 6.5% 3.3% -3.2 Professional, Scientific, Management Services 37,494 116,196 15.9% 10.1% -5.8 Public Administration 6,331 49,893 2.7% 4.3% 1.6 Retail Trade 23,080 140,850 9.8% 12.2% 2.4 Transportation & Warehousing 17,895 89,305 7.6% 7.8% .2 Wholesale Trade 6,651 75,759 2.8% 6.6% 3.8 Grand Total 235,810 1,150,340 100% 100% x Table 43 - Business Activity Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS (Workers - City of Miami), 2017 Longitudinal Employer -Household Dynamics QWI Explorer 2023 Q3 (Jobs - Miami -Dade County) Labor Force Total Population in the Civilian Labor Force 248,254 Civilian Employed Population 16 years and over 235,810 Unemployment Rate 5.0% Unemployment Rate for Ages 16-24 10.6% Unemployment Rate for Ages 25-65 4.8% Table 44 - Labor Force Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS, Tables DP03 (Total Population, Unemployment Rate), S2401 (Civilian Employed Over 16), S2301 (Unemployment Rate by Age) Occupations by Sector Number of People Management, business and financial 84,527 Farming, fisheries and forestry occupations 786 Service 51,203 Sales and office 49,148 Construction, extraction, maintenance and repair 27,124 Production, transportation and material moving 23,022 Table 45 - Occupations by Sector Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS, Table S2401 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 111 Travel Time Travel Time Number Percentage < 30 Minutes 123,046 53% 30-59 Minutes 90,544 39% 60 or More Minutes 18,573 8% Total 232,163 100% Table 46 - Travel Time Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS, Table S0801 Education: Educational Attainment by Employment Status (Population 16 and Older) Educational Attainment In Labor Force Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in Labor Force Less than high school graduate 27,106 2,407 14,536 High school graduate (includes equivalency) 49,075 2,881 14,536 Some college or Associate's degree 42,979 2,314 9,260 Bachelor's degree or higher 85,734 2,615 11,383 Table 47 - Educational Attainment by Employment Status Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS, Table B23006 Educational Attainment by Age Age 18-24 yrs 25-34 yrs 35-44 yrs 45-65 yrs 65+ yrs Less than 9th grade 600 2,034 3,358 6,193 7,834 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 2,405 2,907 3,199 7,081 3,448 High school graduate, GED, or alternative 5,584 10,636 8,934 17,250 6,862 Some college, no degree 5,068 5,262 3,983 7,864 3,063 Associate's degree 1,146 3,574 2,387 4,307 1,889 Bachelor's degree 1,503 11,629 7,871 11,016 4,498 Graduate or professional degree 251 6,477 6,239 7,673 3,152 Table 48 - Educational Attainment by Age Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS, Table B15001 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 112 Educational Attainment — Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months Educational Attainment Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months Less than high school graduate $23,322 High school graduate (includes equivalency) $28,436 Some college or Associate's degree $35,832 Bachelor's degree $54,533 Graduate or professional degree $79,536 Table 49 — Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months Data Source: 2018-2022 ACS, Table S2001 Based on the Business Activity table above, what are the major employment sectors within your jurisdiction? Miami is the employment center of Miami -Dade County and has a diversity of job sectors. According to the 2018-2022 5-Year ACS Estimates for the City of Miami, the top employment sector by share of workers is Education and Healthcare Services, providing 38,821 workers jobs, which is approximately 16.5% of the county's share of workers. The next three top employment sectors include Professional, Scientific, and Management Services (15.9% of workers), Arts, Entertainment, and Accommodations (12.1% of workers), and Construction (11.8% of workers). Furthermore, the largest sectors by jobs, according to the 2017 Longitudinal Employer - Household Dynamics Quarterly Workforce data available for Miami -Dade County, are Education and Healthcare Services with the largest share (265,890 jobs), followed by Arts, Entertainment, and Accommodations jobs (145,258 jobs), and Retail jobs (140,850 jobs). Describe the workforce and infrastructure needs of the business community. Miami is well-resourced in terms of business community support for economic and workforce development. The Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce is one of several economic development -focused organizations within the city. This organization represents businesses in the broader Miami -Dade area as well as within the city. Two programs of significance operated by the Greater Miami Chamber are an International Trade Zone (ITZ) which expanded in 2019 to include any business within Miami -Dade County, and a grants and loans programs that helped businesses through COVID. The Chamber's New World Center Committee is also focused on developing Miami into one of the world's economic powerhouses, particularly with expansion into the Latin American and Asian markets. The Chamber's six focus areas include: • Industry growth, focused on: o Financial services o Healthcare o Human resources and professional development o Nonprofit business 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 113 o Real estate o Technology and innovation • Urban/community growth o Education and workforce development o New World Center o Resilience o Transportation o Workforce housing • International business • Leadership programs • Marketing • Membership and strategic revenue growth • Government affairs The Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce has an extension called the Miami -Dade Beacon Council which is the official economic development organization for Miami -Dade County. The Miami -Dade Beacon Council's focus is on business recruitment, expansion, and retention, and markets the city to outside businesses by highlighting its "dynamic business climate, multilingual workforce, low taxes and exceptional quality of life." The Council has a long-range vision for the City of Miami called Opportunity Miami which imagines Miami in the year 2040 which it seeks to accomplish through a focus on: • Innovation and entrepreneurship • Talent and inclusion • Sustainability and net -zero The Miami Downtown Development Authority (DDA) is another economic development organization within Miami, focused on downtown Miami, including Brickell. According to the DDA, Downtown Miami has more than 6 million annual visitors, 100,000 residents, and thousands of businesses. The Flagler Street Reconstruction Project, Miami Baywalk and Riverwalk, the Underline, the Underdeck and the new Signature Bridge project are examples of DDA investments. This organization also does annual studies and reports on economic development metrics, including rental rates and occupancy rates in Miami, particularly in Downtown Miami. Finally, residents and stakeholders who participated in the City's public meetings on April 18 and 22 and the survey on the FHC Connect webpage stated that the City's top economic development needs include financial assistance to small businesses such as micro -enterprise loans, technical assistance and training for businesses and workers, commercial rehabilitation/business facade improvements, transportation to and from job centers, and financial assistance to community 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 114 orgs. Direct financial assistance to small businesses, storefront rehab, and transportation to and from job centers for workers were the top three needs that were identified. Describe any major changes that may have an economic impact, such as planned local or regional public or private sector investments or initiatives that have affected or may affect job and business growth opportunities during the planning period. Describe any needs for workforce development, business support or infrastructure these changes may create. According to the American Community Survey's 5-Year Estimates, Miami's population increased through the year 2020, and began to slowly decline and stabilize after 2020. In addition, real estate values, both residential and commercial, increased around the COVID-19 pandemic along with the rest of Florida, but have since stalled slightly as interest rates have risen. The population growth through the pandemic may have been higher than expected, but was not entirely surprising, as southern in -migration in general has been the national trend. Known as Sun Belt migration, people and businesses have increasingly chosen the southeastern U.S. to relocate due to factors such as low taxes, good weather, and the de -centralization of the workplace allowing people to work remotely. Ultimately, Miami's economy has been active with high real estate values for many decades, regardless of recent real estate trends. Some of the recent investments in Miami that have an economic impact include investments by Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and third wealthiest person in the world, who moved to Miami in 2023 and purchased three homes for $79 million, $68 million, and $90 million respectively. He has plans to expand Amazon operations within the city. In 2022, global investment firm Citadel also announced its $1 billion new global headquarters in Brickell. One of the most significant developments in Miami was the opening of the private high-speed rail service Brightline in January of 2018, which began that year with service to West Palm Beach. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the service, forcing it to close for 17 months in 2020. Despite this and other challenges, construction continued on additional lines and eventually connected to Orlando in September 2023. Although fares are relatively high for passenger rail service compared to other Florida rail services like Amtrak that connect Miami to other major cities, the new rail line has generated a buzz and renewed interest in public transportation in the area. Two key infrastructure needs brought by passenger rail is the need for safe rail crossings for other road users such as pedestrians, and first -mile last -mile transportation considerations between stops/hubs and hot spots such as activity centers and residential areas. Climate change is also having an impact on the economy, as investors integrate climate risk into their lending analysis and the city prepares to reduce and avoid economic, social, and environmental losses through sustainability initiatives. In addition, the high and rising real estate market has made housing largely unaffordable for the low -and moderate -income workers to live in Miami. As an economy largely reliant on tourism and retail, it is imperative that service workers 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 115 have places to live within a reasonable, accessible distance from where they work. Limited land area requires additional residential and commercial density within the city to accommodate the rising population. Meanwhile, the City's car -centric transportation system leads to increased traffic and road safety concerns. Miami leaders and developers have shown an increased interest and commitment to transit -oriented development within the city which is a positive step towards accommodating the needs of residents, workers, and businesses. How do the skills and education of the current workforce correspond to employment opportunities in the jurisdiction? Approximately 34.3% of Miami's population age 25 years and older have a bachelor's degree or higher. The vast majority of those in the work force with some college are between 45 and 65 years old. And while higher education is one of the major employers in Miami, the city has fewer "feeder universities," meaning colleges whose graduates continue their education at another specific school or college, than in other major cities. Considering these issues, in addition to the fact that a few of the largest job sectors include healthcare, education, and professional, scientific, and management services, some economic experts in the city have expressed concerns about a job -skills mismatch. The 2021 Greater Downtown Miami Residential Market Update reports that Blackstone Group, Thomas Bravo, Boston Private, Apollo Global, and CI Financial are new -to -market financial employers; Microsoft, ShiftPixy, Founders Fund (PayPal founder), Plug & Play, OKCoin, and Very are new -to -market technology employes; and Subway, Schonfield, and Payless Shoes recently relocated their headquarters to downtown Miami. While the Miami DDA reports that 54% of Downtown Miami's 25-and-older population holds a Bachelor's, graduate, or professional degree, 31% of the same population within Miami as a whole has attained the same. There is a demand for educated employees within the city, but many higher -paying jobs are concentrated in areas where housing market values are higher, such as downtown. Describe any current workforce training initiatives, including those supported by Workforce Investment Boards, community colleges and other organizations. Describe how these efforts will support the jurisdiction's Consolidated Plan. The non-profit Partnership for Miami launched in 2024, comprised of 23 business leaders acting in the civic interest to build a Miami that works for all by collaborating with partners from the private, public, and civic sectors, bridging gaps to advance progress for the community. The organization issued a strategic agenda titled "Miami 2035: A Miami that Works for All" that includes six general areas and outlines initial proposed actions towards improvements. The City of Miami runs the City of Miami Opportunity Center, where residents can sign-up to search for jobs and job training programs, and employers can search for qualified candidates. On 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 116 the city's Employment & Resources webpage, information is also provided about Axis Helps Miami, a platform hosted by private consulting firm Urban Impact Lab and Miami -Dade County that connects and supports Miami -Dade residents and small business owners. There are several colleges, university campuses, and technical colleges offering job training programs within the city, including Lindsey Hopkins Technical College, SABER College, Florida International University College of Business campus, Babson College, UTH Florida University, Atlantis University, D. A. Dorsey Technical College, New Professions Technical Institute, Miami - Dade College, and the University of Miami. Several CareerSource locations are also located near and within the city, including an office in the Little Havana neighborhood, operated by Youth Co -Op, Inc. An organization called the Miami Job Corps Center provides a similar service, providing free career training and education to 16- through 24-year-olds. The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) also has an office in Miami, and provides free technical assistance, loan review, counseling, and other assistance and incentives to existing businesses and emerging professionals. The local business community also provides support and training for individuals seeking jobs, and businesses seeking workers. For example, Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce hosts the Leadership Miami program which supports qualified individuals interested in being leaders in the city in professional and civic engagement spaces, and a Senior Executive Orientation program. Similarly, the Miami -Dade Beacon Council hosts a New Leaders Taskforce to provide mentorship opportunities to aspiring professionals. The Council also provides information to local businesses and residents about existing workforce training incentives, such as the Florida Flex Program, Incumbent Workers Training Program (IWT), Employed Worker Training (EWT), and On -the -Job Training (OJT). As described in the 2018-2023 Consolidated Plan, the Beacon Council also launched the Miami Community Ventures (MCV) pilot program to provide wrap -around services to connect "structurally unemployed" individuals to living wage jobs, particularly in Liberty City, Overtown, and Goulds. A report in 2021 describing the close-out of the program's first year reports that the program placed more than 80 individuals in jobs since October 2020, with over 85% of them being from communities with poverty rates of 20% or higher, and over 50% of them being formerly incarcerated. As the program continued to raise money, the Beacon Council launched two more new initiatives: the Small Business Entrepreneurship Track to target small female - owned Black and Latinx early -stage businesses grow, and the Bean Automotive Group Apprenticeship Program for individuals interested in automotive professions. These programs are needed to ensure individuals, particularly low- and moderate -income individuals who experience barriers to accessing education and job opportunities, have support 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 117 to learn new skills and connect with hiring employers in the city. The need for wrap -around services for these and other vulnerable populations such as people with disabilities and veterans is ongoing, especially with the rising cost of housing, transportation, and other key survival needs. Does your jurisdiction participate in a Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS)? The City of Miami, as a municipality of Miami -Dade County, is represented in the South Florida Regional Planning Council's (SFRPC) Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy 2022-2027, published in October 2022. The CEDS brings together stakeholders from the public and private sectors in the creation of a development roadmap to strengthen and diversify the regional economy. The key to accomplishing the goals of the CEDS is for the SFRPC to win and allocate grant funds through various federal, state, and local programs such as the Economic Development Administration (EDA). If so, what economic development initiatives are you undertaking that may be coordinated with the Consolidated Plan? If not, describe other local/regional plans or initiatives that impact economic growth. The CEDS and Miami's business and economic development community are guided by strategies for strengthening the area's economic growth that align with the goals of the Consolidated Plan. For example, the CEDS has a housing data section that explores housing affordability and needs and identifies strategies for improving housing accessibility such as enhancing the homeless population's access to public benefits and employment training. The CEDS provides a list of potential funding sources that could fund aligned strategies, such as the Community Planning Technical Assistance Grant and the Florida Job Growth Grant Fund offered by Florida Commerce, the Recreation Trails Program and Resilient Florida program offered through the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), and the Grants for Buses and Bus Facilities Program offered by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). Committed partnerships between SFRPC, the City of Miami, Miami -Dade County, and the city's business community makes the city far more competitive for these grants. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 118 MA-50 Needs and Market Analysis Discussion Are there areas where households with multiple housing problems are concentrated? (include a definition of "concentration") HUD identifies four specific data points that constitute "housing problems": cost burden, overcrowding, lack of complete plumbing facilities, and lack of complete kitchen facilities. These housing problems are widespread throughout the city but are likely concentrated and more severe in areas of poverty. For the purposes of this analysis housing problems will be determined within areas the city has identified as Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs), as defined by HUD. The city's R/ECAPs include 18 census tracts. For a R/ECAP area to have a "concentration" of multiple housing problems, it must include two or more housing problems that are substantially higher than the citywide average. The city will use HUD's definition of "disproportionate" to identify R/ECAP areas that are substantially higher: 10 percentage points higher than the jurisdiction as a whole. According to the 2018-2022 ACS 5- Year Estimates, the citywide rate for each of the housing problems is as follows: • Cost Burden (Renter) - Jurisdiction: 62% - Concentration: >72% • Cost Burden (Owner) - Jurisdiction: 36.4% - Concentration: >46.4% • Overcrowding - Jurisdiction: 3.4% - Concentration: >13.4% • Lack of Complete Plumbing Facilities - Jurisdiction: 0.5% - Concentration: >10.5% • Lack of Complete Kitchen Facilities - Jurisdiction: 1% - Concentration: >11% Based on a review of 2022 ACS data, there are two census tracts in the City of Miami R/ECAPs with a concentration of multiple housing problems. Census tract 36.07, in the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor, has an owner cost burden rate of 75.6% and a renter cost burden rate of 81.6% and census tract 53.06, in the East Little Havana Corridor, has an owner cost burden rate of 69.8% and a renter cost burden rate of 76.3%. Are there any areas in the jurisdiction where racial or ethnic minorities or low-income families are concentrated? (include a definition of "concentration") Because the bulk of Miami's census tracts qualify as majority -minority, where a minority will comprise a large percentage of the tract, we must focus on poverty levels to better understand where low-income families are concentrated. The city recently updated its Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice and using HUD's AFFH-T mapping tool identified 16 Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs), defined as a geographic area with significant concentrations of poverty and minority concentrations. HUD uses two criteria to 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 119 Mi dtownlOvertow ni Downtown Corridor Sewell Park Area Quadrant determine whether a census tract is a R/ECAP and for the purposes of this analysis this will be the definition used for "concentration". First, there must be a racial/ethnic concentration with a non-White population making up 50% or more of the area. Second, the poverty level of the neighborhood must either exceed a 40% poverty rate or be three times the average tract poverty rate for its corresponding metropolitan/micropolitan area, whichever threshold is lower. There are seven R/ECAP Corridors or Quadrants in the City of Miami including 18 census tracts. The racial/ethnic and low-income concentrated census tracts are 10.04 BG 1, 14.01, 14.02, 15.01, 18.01 BG 2, 20.01, 20.03, 24.04, 25.01, 28, 30.01, 31, 34, 36.06, 36.07, 51.04, 53.05, and 53.06. The map below shows the areas that meet the criteria for R/ECAPs in the City of Miami. Legend Allapatlah Corridor East Little Havana Corridor Civic Center Quadrant Liberty City 1 Model City Comdor Little Haiti Corridor Ana PT F " ti naliik.wskappr adwrimarwomokimig MirimanrunimPAblirt walimisigiALT ramaiwiLmna [tttiJ"►�A'd Lu9 5 m ------fiLlsrow ix yr IV Aste 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 120 What are the characteristics of the market in these areas/neighborhoods? Allapattah Corridor The Allapattah Corridor includes census tracts 24.04 and 25.01. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 11,469 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity (of any race) at 89%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are primarily renter occupied. Fifty percent of households in census tract 25.01 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs) and 59% of households in census tract 24.04 are cost burdened. An average of 33% of individuals in this R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level with 41% of those individuals residing in census tract 24.04. Civic Center Quadrant The Civic Center Quadrant R/ECAP includes census tract 30.01. The total population for this quadrant is 3,001 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity at 69%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are primarily renter occupied. Sixty percent of households in census tract 30.01 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 43% of individuals in this R/ECAP quadrant are living below the poverty level. Sewell Park (North) Quadrant The Sewell Park (North) Quadrant includes census tract 51.04. The total population for this quadrant is 4,223 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity at 87%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are primarily renter occupied. Fifty-eight percent of households in census tract 51.04 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 35% of individuals in this R/ECAP quadrant are living below the poverty level. East Little Havana Corridor The East Little Havana Corridor includes census tracts 53.05 and 53.06. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 8,494 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity (of any race) at 92%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are majority renter occupied at 98%. Sixty-four percent of households in census tract 53.05 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs) and 76% experience cost burden in census tract 53.06. An average of 30% of individuals in this R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor The Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor includes census tracts 28, 31, 34, 36.06, and 36.07. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 13,729 which is primarily Black in census tracts 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 121 28, 31, and 34 at 61% and White in census tracts 36.06 and 36.07 at 56%. All tracts within the R/ECAP corridor also have a large representation of individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity (of any race) at 50%. The homes in the R/ECAP areas are primarily renter occupied. Fifty percent of households within the R/ECAP corridor are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs) across all census tracts. An average of 42% of individuals in the R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. Census tract 28 has the largest percentage of individuals living below the poverty level, within the R/ECAP corridor, at 56%. Liberty City/Model City Corridor The Liberty City/Model City Corridor includes census tract 10.04 block group 1, census tract 15.01, and census tract 18.01 block group 2. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 4,772 which is primarily Black across all census tracts and block groups at 79%. The homes in the R/ECAP areas are primarily renter occupied in tracts 10.04 (BG 1) and 15.01 and primarily owner - occupied in tract 18.01 (BG 2). Forty percent of households in tract 15.01 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 40% of individuals in the R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. Census tract 18.01 (BG 2) has the largest percentage of individuals living below the poverty level, within the R/ECAP corridor, at 48%. Little Haiti Corridor The Little Haiti Corridor includes census tract 14.01, 14.02, 20.01, and 20.03. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 20,036 which is primarily Black across all census tracts at 69%. The homes in the R/ECAP areas are primarily renter occupied. Over 50% of households, for nearly all tracts, in the R/ECAP corridor are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 38% of individuals in the R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. Census tract 20.03 has the largest percentage of individuals living below the poverty level, within the R/ECAP corridor, at 50%. Are there any community assets in these areas/neighborhoods? Several of the concentrated areas have a primary asset that will help revitalize neighborhoods which is the Community Redevelopment Agencies (CRAs). CRAs are a major asset that partners with the city to implement large scale community redevelopment activities that increase access to community assets such as affordable housing, transportation, and employment. The Omni Community Redevelopment Agency is making efforts to grow assets in the Overtown neighborhood by breaking ground on Project Peach which is a transformative mixed -used affordable housing development. In 2023, the Omni CRA updated its Redevelopment Plan so that it could expand into the Allapattah neighborhood in the City of Miami, a designated R/ECAP area. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 122 The redevelopment concept for Omni CRA involves the creation of zones guided by lifestyle components that keep dollars within the community. These components and/or type of places include, live, work, create, entertain and play. The plan for the Allapattah neighborhood provides for aesthetic improvements along the streets/ public realm and enhancing the opportunities for people to engage with one another. It supports investment into projects and that improve the infrastructure and livability. The CRA will continue to work with the private sector to provide a healthy mix of housing of different types or for all income levels, providing more diversity in the housing stock to retain and attract residents. The CRA is also spearheading a priority project to provide assistance for the rehabilitation of aging buildings. The Southeast Overtown / Park West Community Redevelopment Agency is another asset helping to revitalize racial/ethnic and low-income concentrated areas through goals including preserving historic buildings and community heritage, expanding the tax base using public - private principles, providing and retaining housing affordability, creating jobs within the community, promoting and marketing the community as a cultural and entertainment destination, improving the quality of life for residents, promoting entrepreneurship and technology innovations, ensuring strategic transportation routes and effective parking, and fostering safe community initiatives. Many of these concentrated areas also have access to community assets including highways and roadways, hospitals, and schools. Are there other strategic opportunities in any of these areas? There are opportunities for revitalization that could have a positive impact. The CRAs will stimulate private investment through new development. This strengthens the tax base, creating additional revenue for public improvements. Improved residential housing stock increases units for various area median income households, addresses deteriorating structural conditions, enhances historic preservation, and leads the revitalization of distressed communities. Strategically, economic development activities will be enhanced by better jobs and business opportunities. Replacing obsolete structures with mixed -used development opportunities will attract new businesses and residents in otherwise vacant and blighted properties. The CRA's have specifically identified opportunities for affordable housing development in these areas and have started to capitalize on that. The challenge is lack of developable land. Some of the concentrated neighborhoods may have some land availability for affordable housing development and sections where the housing supply is in generally good condition and can provide opportunities for rehabilitation and or purchase/rehabilitation. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 123 MA-60 Broadband Needs of Housing occupied by Low- and Moderate -Income Households - 91.210(a)(4), 91.310(a)(2) Describe the need for broadband wiring and connections for households, including low- and moderate -income households and neighborhoods. When it comes to the digital divide in Miami, broadband access of 100 Mbps and higher is readily available citywide, according to Florida Commerce's Faster Florida Broadband Map. However, subscription rates for those broadband internet services are lower in central and northern Miami, and much higher — over 90% subscription rate — along the coast. The neighborhoods of Allapattah, Model City, Little Haiti, and Little River, for example, have subscriptions rates under 60% of their populations. Over half of the census tracts located within Overtown and Little Havana also have subscription rates of under 60%. Furthermore, Broadband Now's National Broadband Map which utilizes the Federal Communication Commission's (FCC) Form 477 bi-annual deployment information, fiberoptic internet remains limited to certain neighborhoods, primarily those in the southern regions of the city. Silver Bluff Estates and Coconut Grover, for example, are two neighborhoods with near - total fiberoptic coverage. Of note, Miami -Dade County has put together a Broadband and Digital Equity Plan with a goal of expanding access to affordable and reliable high-speed internet service Countywide. The plan states a principal, ongoing commitment to ensuring that federal funds target high -priority, underserved areas of the County. Describe providers for increased competition by having more than one broadband Internet service provider serve the jurisdiction. By consolidating data from several provider search and data -aggregating platforms, including Broadband Now, Broadband Search, and USNews, the following was determined for the City of Miami. Not including special offers, the most affordable monthly plans in Miami are with Cyberonic, $29.99/month for DSL, and Xfinity, $30/month for cable internet. Two of the most expensive internet providers are Starlink and Hotwire Communications, both starting at over $100/month. In terms of geographical availability, Brightspeed, Viasat, HughesNet, and Starlink are available throughout Miami. The satellite internet providers may be the most widely available, but satellite internet often has data caps, slower speeds, and higher costs compared to other types of internet connections. Xfinity, AT&T Fiber, AT&T, EarthLink, Verizon 5G, T-Mobile, and Cyberonic are also available in over 50% of the city. Most providers in Miami provide service at around $50 to $70 per month, with a few coming in at $30 to $40 per month. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 124 There are at least six fiber optic internet providers in Miami, with Xfinity boasting up to 6 Gbps of speed. Cable, fixed wireless, 5G, and DSL providers can offer speeds up to 1 Gbps, while satellite and copper typically offer the lowest speeds of 11 to 220 Mbps. With at least 17 active internet providers in the City of Miami (counting AT&T and Verizon twice for providing separate information for their different connection types), the majority of which are available in over 50% of the city, residents and businesses have a relatively decent selection of providers and connection types to choose from. Costs may be considered on the higher side, as $50 to $70 per month is the average. However, customers can find internet for as low as $30/month, or even as low as $10 to $19.99 per month for special offers like Xfinity's first 12- months new customer discount. Provider Max Upload Speed Connection Type Starting Price Per Month Availability Xfinity 2-6 Gbps Cable, Fiber $30 99.14% Viasat 12-150 Mbps Satellite $69.99 100% HughesNet 100 Mbps Satellite $49.99 100% Starlink 50-220 Mbps Satellite $120 100% AT&T Fiber 5 Gbps IPBB, Fiber $55 92.98% AT&T 1 Gbps DSL $55 85% Always ON 25-150 Mbps Fixed Wireless $60 N/A EarthLink 100 Mbps-5 Gbps 5G, Fiber, DSL $39.95 67.61% Verizon 5G 1 Gbps 5G $60 87.46 Verizon Fios 940 Mbps Fiber $39.99 41% GFiber Webpass 1 Gbps Fixed Wireless $70 N/A T-Mobile 33-245 Mbps 5G $60 75% Hotwire Communications 5 Gbps Fiber, Cable, Copper, Fixed Wireless $169.99 5.22% Breezeline 1 Gbps Cable $49.99 1.27% Google Fiber 1-2 Gbps Fiber $70 7% Brightspeed 940 Mbps Fiber, DSL $50 100% Cyberonic 11 Mbps Fiber, Cable, DSL, Copper, Fixed Wireless $29.99 (DSL) 67.61% Table 50 — Broadband Service Providers 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 125 MA-65 Hazard Mitigation - 91.21O(a)(5), 91.31O(a)(3) Describe the jurisdiction's increased natural hazard risks associated with climate change. The City of Miami is particularly susceptible to both near -term natural hazards such as hurricanes and heavy storms, and to the long-term impacts of climate change such as sea level rise and rising temperatures. According to the Miami -Dade Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS), developed by the LMS Working Group and local planners, Miami's risk to the following disasters is: • Drought: Medium • Erosion: Low • Flooding: High • Hurricane/Tropical Storm: High • Saltwater Intrusion: High • Sea Level Rise: Low (determined by specific map included in LMS) • Severe Storm: High • Tornado: High • Wildfires: Low • Winter Storm: Medium Hurricanes and Severe Storms The city's geographical location leaves it exposed to the Atlantic hurricane belt, making it a prime target for powerful storms. This exposure not only amplifies the destructive potential of hurricanes by exacerbating storm surges, but also increases the frequency and severity of coastal flooding. According to the Miami -Dade County LMS, Miami has been impacted by 23 tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes between 1950 and 2017; since 2017, Miami was also impacted by Hurricane Ian in 2022, and Hurricane Nicole in 2022. Of these, 16 were hurricanes, and four were hurricanes Category 3 to 5. Hurricane Andrew was the most destructive hurricane in South Florida to date, causing an estimated $25 billion in damages, with 25,524 destroyed homes and 101,241 damaged homes. Mobile homes are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of hurricanes and storms. After 90% of mobile homes in south Florida were destroyed by Hurricane Andrew, only a few mobile home parks remain. Silver Court Trailer Park is the last remaining mobile home park within Miami city limits, located at 3170 SW 8th Street. Severe storms which cause vast destruction but are not classified as a tropical storm, tropical depression, or a hurricane are not a new phenomenon in Miami. In March of 1993, the "Storm of the Century" struck Florida causing $2 billion in property damage. Recent examples include the storm on August 1, 2017, when a stationary band of tropical Storm Emily hovered over Miami, 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 126 causing a flash flood and rainfall up to 2 feet of water in the Brickell area. Later in October of 2017, a king tide coinciding with heavy rainfall and strong easterly wind caused heavy flooding with up to 4.3 feet of water recorded on Virginia Key. Localized Flooding The entirety of Miami is susceptible to rainy -day and king tide flooding, particularly during the rainy season which runs from mid -May through October, due to its flat terrain and exposure to storms and sea level rise. Maimi-Dade County has a mean elevation of only 11 feet above sea level, and 44.62% of the County is located within a floodplain. Between 1950 and 2019, 13 flood events, 31 flash flood events, resulting in property damage of over $542 million and crop damages of over $714 million, have occurred in Miami -Dade County. As of 2020, according to the County's LMS, the City of Miami had 43,094 buildings in FEMA flood zone AE, 6,441 buildings in FEMA flood zone AH, and 3,897 buildings in FEMA flood zone VE. In addition, in 2019, the City of Miami added 11 new properties to its repetitive flood loss (RL) properties list. RL properties are properties that have made two flood loss claims within a 10- year period at least 10 days apart. A repetitive loss area is a portion of a community with repetitive losses and similar surrounding areas. These properties and areas, along with severe repetitive loss (SRL) properties and areas, may be prioritized for mitigation projects utilizing certain federal funds, such as the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program. Simultaneously, the County discourages development in repetitive loss areas, while the City of Miami encourages sustainability and resilience best practices for development in these areas such as "low impact development, raising existing development and constructing new development above established flood levels, and discouraging new residential development within areas modeled to be inundated by storm surge or sea level rise related flooding" (Policy LU-6.1.3) in their Comprehensive Plans. Sea Level Rise Due to climate change, melting glaciers and thermal expansion are causing global sea levels to rise. For Miami, a city built on porous limestone and with much of its land barely above sea level, even a modest rise in sea levels poses a significant threat. Based on the Southeast Florida Climate Change Compact's sea level rise projection study titled the Unified Sea Level Rise Projection Southeast Florida (2019), the sea level in southeast Florida has risen approximately 3.9 inches between 2000 and 2017 (observed at the Key West tide gauge). Using projections from the Intergovernmental Pannel on Climate Change (IPCC), the prediction is that sea level rise will accelerate, and the region will see a rise of 10 to 17 inches by 2040, and 21 to 54 inches by 2070, and 40 to 136 inches by 2120. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 127 Miami -Dade County's LMS looks at how natural hazard and climate change scenarios impact its municipalities' critical facilities. The LMS reports that Miami -Dade County will not be dramatically impacted by sea level rise until reaching the 3-foot scenario. Roads, agricultural lands, and energy transmission facilities were found to be vulnerable at the 3-foot scenario. More specifically, the LMS states that the following facilities will be impacted by the 3-foot scenario: one hospital, the Selected Specialty Hospital located at 955 NW 3rd St.; the Maimi-Dade School Board Administrative building at 1500 Biscayne Boulevard; the Port of Miami (river port) which would be 19.2% inundated in the 3-foot scenario; and Miami International Airport which would be 3% inundated in the 3-foot scenario. Tornadoes The city is also vulnerable to tornados, and Miami -Dade ranks fourth in the State of Florida with 140 tornadoes reported between 1950 and 2019 resulting in 159 injuries, 1 death, and $203 million in damage. However, no tornadoes have struck within the Miami city limits in the last five years. Extreme Heat According to the city's Heat Season Plan issued by the Office of Resilience and Sustainability in April 2024, Miami experiences approximately 130 days at or above 90 degrees per year, roughly 1/3 of the year. By 2080, this number is expected to increase to approximately 180 days per year. Due to Miami's high humidity, the number of days with an extreme heat index (days where it feels over 90 degrees) is projected to grow and exceed any other city in the country by 2050. However, according to the Miami -Dade County LMS, the energy provider for the City of Miami, Florida Power and Light, has stated a low risk of power outages resulting from higher rates of cooling system usage during times of extreme heat. Drought and Saltwater Intrusion Between 1950 and 2019, 54 drought events were recorded in Miami -Dade County. With the warming climate, Miami is at risk of future droughts. Long periods of drought exacerbate saltwater intrusion, and saltwater intrusion poses a threat to Miami's water supply and natural environment. These hazards can result in wildlife mortality, damage to wildlife and fish habitat, increased problems with insects and diseases to plants and trees, reduced crop productivity, and of course impacts to human health. The implications of Miami's vulnerability to natural disasters are far-reaching, affecting housing, particularly the older housing stock, economy, such as the tourism industry, and environment, including erosion and saltwater intrusion. Despite these challenges, Miami has pursued initiatives to bolster its resilience and adaptability in the face of these existential threats for many years. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 128 From investing in infrastructure improvements to implementing stricter building codes and zoning regulations, the city is striving to mitigate the risks posed by natural disasters and climate change. Describe the vulnerability to these risks of housing occupied by low- and moderate -income households based on an analysis of data, findings, and methods. Natural hazards have disproportionately worse impacts on vulnerable and marginalized communities than on more privileged groups. Factors such as race, sexual orientation, age, immigration status, poverty, housing instability, single parenthood, and limited English proficiency significantly increase the risk of adverse effects. When analyzing the impact of natural disasters, these demographic and socioeconomic vulnerabilities are crucial predictors of the level of devastation, surpassed only by the physical location of the affected communities and their exposure to environmental elements. For example, low-income families may lack the resources to pay for the utilities required to keep the cool, or the housing rehabilitation required to keep them and their home safe from flooding and hurricanes. One predominant issue for low- and moderate -income households in Miami is the phenomenon of eco-gentrification or climate gentrification, where displacement of inland low-income communities is sped -up by the impacts of climate change pushing more affluent land owners and homeowners on the coast into those safer areas. Many studies of social vulnerability to environmental hazards in Miami have been performed by various organizations and research centers such as the University of Miami, Florida Gulf Coast University, and many others. For example, one study by Hoffman et al. (2020) found that formerly redlined neighborhoods around the nation are predominantly warmer today than their non- redlined neighbors in 94% of the cities studied, including Miami. In particular, the C- and D-rated communities in the northern part of the city, including Allapattah, Libert City, and Little Haiti, have an average temperature between 3 and 5 degrees higher than the Miami average. Another study by Florida Health utilizing the social vulnerability index (SoVI) found that Miami -Dade County has the most socially vulnerable census tracts in the state, with 70.12% of the county's composite census tracts ranked as "High" vulnerability, and has "High" social vulnerability rankings for nearly all of the hazards analyzed including tropical storm- and hurricane -force winds, storm surge risk, sea level rise, heat, flash flood, and drought risk. While many studies demonstrate the disproportionate impact that hazards have had and will have on low- and moderate -income households, there is a gap in the data specifically related to the vulnerability of housing that is available to low- and moderate -income people. Therefore, it is critical that a comprehensive social vulnerability analyses of affordable housing developments and communities with high concentrations of low-income and racially -concentrated residents to disasters and hazards including storm -related flooding, wind, heat, air quality, tree coverage, and 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 129 sea level rise is performed for the city. Studies of hazard and disaster vulnerability also increase the city's eligibility and competitiveness for housing resilience and mitigation grants. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 130 Strategic Plan SP-05 Overview Strategic Plan Overview The strategic plan is the framework for how the city will invest its CDBG, HOME, ESG, and HOPWA funding for PY 2024-2028 based on the data and information analyzed in the needs assessment, market analysis, and in consideration of stakeholder input. The strategic plan outlines goals and outcomes for addressing priority needs and is divided into the following sections: Geographic Priorities — The city will primarily allocate CDBG, HOME, ESG, and HOPWA funds citywide based on current needs, the availability of funds, program capacity, or as a direct benefit to eligible applicants and populations. Priority Needs — Funds are allocated based on priority needs established from analysis of the needs assessment, market analysis, and from public input. The city identified six priority needs including: affordable housing, public services, public facilities and infrastructure, economic development, homeless and special needs populations assistance, planning and administration. Influence of Market Conditions — In making funding decisions, the city will also consider housing market conditions. Housing market considerations include the limited availability of affordable housing, high incidence of housing cost burden, and housing costs that are significantly higher than fair markets rents. Changes in the housing market including fluctuating interest rates, housing supply and demand, current loan products, and home prices will also influence how funding is allocated. Anticipated Resources —The city anticipates having available $29,854,653 of CDBG, $26,940,885 of HOME, $73,364,325 of HOPWA, $2,350,185 of ESG, $25,499,000 of Section 8, and $18,575,000 of general funds during PY2024-2028. This is based on annual funding allocations remaining level. The city may also leverage Miami Forever Bond funds when available. The bond has set aside $100 million towards affordable housing and to date $37,000,000 remains. The remaining $37 million in Miami Forever Bonds (GO Bond) set for affordable housing efforts in the city will be used throughout the upcoming, Five -Year CP based on a deliberate and objective project selection process, city wide requirements, and citizen input. These GOB dollars will be used to leverage other public funding to bring additional, much needed affordable housing units to the city. Institutional Delivery Structure — The city's institutional delivery structure is comprised of the organizations or departments that will carry out program objectives. The Office of Housing and Community Development is responsible for overall program administration. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 131 Goals — The city has set five goals to address priority needs including: housing rehabilitation, homeowner assistance, new construction of affordable housing, rental assistance, the provision of public services, economic development, public facilities improvements and infrastructure, homeless prevention and outreach, and planning and administration. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 132 SP-10 Geographic Priorities — 91.215 (a)(1) Geographic Area 1 Area Name: Citywide Area Type: Citywide Other Target Area Description: N/A Identify the neighborhood boundaries for this target area. City of Miami boundaries. How did your consultation and citizen participation process help you to identify this neighborhood as a target area? The needs assessment, market analysis, and community meetings determined that various areas throughout the city suffer from a lack of affordable housing and that homeless and special needs populations require public/social services to reduce overall poverty citywide. Identify the needs in this target area. Priority needs identified citywide includes creating and preserving affordable housing, access to supportive services to reduce homelessness and poverty, increased and improved social services to low-income, vulnerable, youth, elderly, and special needs populations, infrastructure improvements, and economic opportunities. What are the opportunities for improvement in this target area? Opportunity to increase affordable housing and the provision of services to provide decent housing and a suitable living environment for all Miami residents. Are there barriers to improvement in this target area? The City of Miami faces several barriers in addressing priority needs including a lack of developable land, a hostile housing market, and limited funding/financing to address a large-scale housing shortage. There are also significant barriers related to Not In My Backyard concerns across the city, particularly in high opportunity neighborhoods. Table 51- Geographic Priority Areas 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 133 General Allocation Priorities Describe the basis for allocating investments geographically within the jurisdiction (or within the EMSA for HOPWA) The City of Miami determines the allocation of investments based on level of need, scale level of the project, and availability of funding. The plan goals established are intended to benefit eligible residents citywide, therefore funding allocations will not be based on geographic preference. For area benefit activities the city will comply with federal regulation and allocate funding in neighborhoods or census tracts that qualify as at least 51% low -to moderate -income. New construction activities will be targeted in areas of opportunity, when possible, which likely align with CDBG eligible low-income target areas. In addition, CDBG funds are intended to provide low and moderate income (LMI) households with decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expanded economic opportunities. The system for establishing the geographic priority for the selection of these projects in the City of Miami is predicated upon the following criteria: • Meeting the statutory requirements of the CDBG program • Meeting the needs of LMI residents • Affirmatively furthering fair housing • Coordination and leveraging of resources • Sustainability and/or long-term impact • The ability to demonstrate measurable progress and success The City of Miami administers the HOPWA program for all of Miami -Dade County (EMSA). Miami - Dade County is the most populous county in the State of Florida. The city's HOPWA Tenant -Based Rental Assistance Program (TBRA) allows its clients to live throughout Miami -Dade County. Housing specialist services are provided to these clients by several community based organizations, which operate out of at least six separate locations in different areas of Miami - Dade County. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 134 SP-25 Priority Needs - 91.215(a)(2) Priority Needs 1 Priority Need Name Affordable Housing Priority Level High Population Extremely Low Low Moderate Large Families Families with Children Elderly Public Housing Residents Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families Victims of Domestic Violence Veterans Homeless Persons Geographic Areas Affected Citywide Associated Goals New Construction Housing Rehabilitation Rental Assistance/TBRA/Rapid Re-Housing/Section 8 Purchase Assistance HIV/AIDS Housing Operations Description Support the provision of decent housing by increasing the availability/accessibility of affordable housing. The city will address the priority need by funding activities including the construction of owner and rental units, housing rehabilitation of owner and rental units, providing rent subsidies, providing direct financial assistance to homebuyers, and operational subsidies for housing for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 135 Basis for Relative Priority The city conducted a comprehensive analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to determine strengths and gaps to identify priority needs. This priority need was selected due to the results of a housing needs assessment and market analysis revealing a lack of affordable housing, severe cost burden for both renters and owners, and presence of substandard housing. Robust community engagement with residents, housing providers, non-profit organizations, social service providers, and other relevant stakeholders supports the findings. 2 Priority Need Name Public Services Priority Level High Population Extremely Low Low Moderate Large Families Families with Children Elderly Public Housing Residents Frail Elderly Persons with Mental Disabilities Persons with Physical Disabilities Persons with Developmental Disabilities Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families Victims of Domestic Violence Veterans At -Risk Youth Homeless Persons Geographic Areas Affected Citywide Associated Goals Public Service Assistance 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 136 Description Support availability/accessibility to decent housing and a suitable living environment by funding organizations providing essential services for low- income and limited clientele populations. The city will assist non-profit organizations in carrying out public service activities assisting low-income families and households, vulnerable populations, homeless and at -risk of becoming homeless, special needs, youth, seniors, individuals with disabilities, and victims of domestic violence. Basis for Relative Priority The city conducted a comprehensive analysis to identify existing supportive services intended to reduce poverty, provide housing stability, and promote upward mobility and self-sufficiency and to determine gaps in service delivery. This priority need was selected due to the results of the analysis which revealed the unmet needs of the city's low-income and vulnerable populations. In an inflated market support services are greatly needed for seniors and individuals with disabilities on fixed incomes. The analysis also revealed a need for programs and services to support the growth and development of the city's youth and to provide access to financial stability and economic opportunities through employment training. Robust community engagement with residents, housing providers, non-profit organizations, social service providers, and other relevant stakeholders supports the findings. 3 Priority Need Name Public Facilities and Infrastructure Priority Level High Population Extremely Low Low Moderate Geographic Areas Affected Citywide Associated Goals Public Facilities Improvements and Infrastructure Description Encourage community revitalization by investing in public facilities or infrastructure improvements such as road improvements, streetscaping such as lighting, sidewalks, and beautification and safety efforts or park improvements. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 137 Basis for Relative Priority The city conducted a comprehensive analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to determine strengths and gaps to identify priority needs. This priority need was selected due to the results of a housing needs assessment and market analysis revealing that public facilities and infrastructure will need to be expanded or updated to support population growth, affordable housing activities, and overall revitalization efforts to provide suitable living environments for the city's low -income and vulnerable populations. Robust community engagement with residents, housing providers, non-profit organizations, social service providers, and other relevant stakeholders supports the findings. 4 Priority Need Name Economic Development Priority Level High Population Extremely Low Low Moderate Geographic Areas Affected Citywide Associated Goals Commercial Facade/Code Enforcement Technical Assistance to Businesses Job Creation/Retention Special Economic Development Activities Description Promote and generate economic development opportunities through rehabilitation of privately owned for -profit commercial buildings for improvement and correction of code violations, provision of technical assistance to for -profit businesses in order to build capacity, creation and maintenance of employment opportunities for low-income and vulnerable populations and implementing other eligible special economic development activities. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 138 Basis for Relative Priority The city conducted a comprehensive analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to determine strengths and gaps to identify priority needs. This priority need was selected due to the results of a comprehensive market analysis revealing an inflated market where business assistance is needed post pandemic to assist with profit recovery and costly repairs to commercial structures. The analysis also determined a need for increased access to employment opportunities to support financial stability particularly for vulnerable populations. Robust community engagement with residents, housing providers, non-profit organizations, social service providers, and other relevant stakeholders supports the findings. 5 Priority Need Name Homeless and Special Needs Populations Assistance Priority Level High Population Homeless Persons Extremely Low Low Moderate Elderly Frail Elderly Persons with Mental Disabilities Persons with Physical Disabilities Persons with Developmental Disabilities Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families Victims of Domestic Violence Geographic Areas Affected Citywide Associated Goals Homeless Prevention and STRMU Homeless Street Outreach 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 139 Description Reduce homelessness and provide housing stability through the provision of direct assistance to extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to - moderate income households to prevent them falling into homelessness, engaging in order to locate, identify, and build relationships with the unsheltered population to provide immediate support, intervention, and connections with homeless assistance programs and mainstream social services/and or housing programs, and whenever appropriate, covering hotel/motel expenditures related to the reduction of homeless families on the street whenever shelter space is not available. Basis for Relative Priority The city conducted a comprehensive analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to determine strengths and gaps to identify priority needs. This priority need was selected due to the results of a homeless needs assessment which identified high numbers of homelessness in the city and the need for shelter and supportive services to help reduce homelessness or prevent families and households from becoming homeless. Robust community engagement with residents, housing providers, non-profit organizations, social service providers, and other relevant stakeholders supports the findings. 6 Priority Need Name Planning and Administration Priority Level High Population N/A Geographic Areas Affected Citywide Associated Goals Planning and Administration Description Management and operation of tasks related to administering and carrying out the city's HUD CDBG, HOME, ESG, and HOPWA programs. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 140 Basis for Relative Priority The city conducted a comprehensive housing needs assessment and market analysis to determine activities to carry out during the consolidated plan period to provide decent housing, a suitable living environment, and economic opportunities for its residents. The city's Housing and Community Development Department is responsible for the administration of HUD grants and carrying out activities in accordance with federal regulations which resulted in the identification of planning and administration as a priority need. Table 52 — Priority Needs Summary 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 141 SP-30 Influence of Market Conditions — 91.215 (b) Influence of Market Conditions Affordable Housing Type Market characteristics that will influence the use of funds available for housing type • Rental rates are much higher than fair market or HOMR rents. • Availability of affordable rental housing stock for families of all sizes. • Availability of voucher programs. Tenant Based Rental • Availability of enforcement agencies to regulate eligibility terms and Assistance conditions of tenant based rental assistance program. (TBRA) • Local land use policies and jurisdiction comprehensive planning goals that support the development of multi -family housing stock. • High rates of cost burden and severe cost burden especially for LMI renters. • Availability of affordable rental housing stock for individuals with disabilities and individuals living with HIV/AIDS and their families. • Availability of voucher programs. • Availability of enforcement agencies to regulate eligibility terms and conditions of tenant based rental assistance programs. TBRA for Non - Homeless and Availability of enforcement agencies to regulate accommodations and modifications for individuals with disabilities and their families. Special Needs • Availability of supportive housing services. • Local land use policies and jurisdiction comprehensive planning goals that support the development of accessible multi -family housing stock for individuals with disabilities and their families. • High rates of cost burden and severe cost burden especially for LMI renters. • Lower household income of individuals with special needs. • Local land use policies and jurisdiction comprehensive planning goals that support the development of affordable owner and rental housing. • Lack of adequate developable land. • Current cost of materials for new unit production. New Unit • Availability of incentives to developers to produce new single family Production and multi -family affordable housing units. • Loss of affordable housing stock. • Limited supply of decent, affordable housing that represents the housing need based on size and household income. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 142 Rehabilitation • • • Current cost of materials for rehabilitation. Condition of housing units. Age of housing stock. • Evaluation of fair market prices for home purchases. • Cost of materials for redevelopment • Increasing home values. Acquisition, including preservation • • Fluctuating interest rates. Stricter lending requirements and underwriting criteria. • Availability of loan products. • Inventory of homes and lands for sale. Table 53 — Influence of Market Conditions 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 143 SP-35 Anticipated Resources - 91.215(a)(4), 91.220(c)(1,2) Introduction Over the five-year period beginning October 1, 2024, and ending September 30, 2029, the City of Miami intends to have available HUD funds to carry out housing and community development activities and also plans to leverage other resources for greater impact. Estimated amounts are dependent on annual federal program allocations remaining the same. Program income and funds carried over from previous years are also factored into the anticipated amount of funding available. Available HUD funding is as follows: • Community Development Block Grant (CDBG): $29,854,653 • HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME): $26,940,885 • Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS (HOPWA): $73,364,325 • Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG): $2,350,185 Additional funding anticipated to be leveraged includes: • State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program (SHIP): TBD • Section 8: $25,499,000 • General Fund: $18,575,000 The city may also leverage Miami Forever Bond funds when available. The bond has set aside $100 million towards affordable housing and to date $37,000,000 remains. The remaining $37 million in Miami Forever Bonds (GO Bond) set for affordable housing efforts in the city will be used throughout the upcoming, Five Year CP based on a deliberate and objective project selection process, city wide requirements, and citizen input. These GOB dollars will be used to leverage other public funding to bring additional, much needed affordable housing units to the city. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 144 Anticipated Resources Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ CDBG Federal Acquisition Admin and Planning Economic Development Housing Public Improvements Public Services $5,090,474 $500,000 $1,902,283 $7,492,757 $22,361,896 CDBG funds are utilized for housing rehabilitation, acquisition, relocation, clearance and demolition, code enforcement, public services, economic development, and public facilities and infrastructure improvements. A minimum of 70% of CDBG funds will be used to address low and moderate national objectives. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 145 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ HOME Federal Acquisition Homebuyer assistance Homeowner rehab Multifamily rental new construction Multifamily rental rehab New construction for ownership TBRA $2,988,177 $400,000 $10,000,000 $13,388,177 $13,552,708 HOME funds are utilized for construction of new rental and homeowner units, housing rehabilitation, and direct financial assistance to homeowners. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 146 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ HOPWA Federal Permanent housing in facilities Permanent housing placement Short term or transitional housing facilities STRMU Supportive services TBRA $14,272,865 0 $2,000,000 $16,272,865 $57,091,460 HOPWA funds are utilized for rental assistance through the Tenant -Based Rental Assistance program, short term rental mortgage and utility assistance, and project based operational support activities. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 147 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ ESG Federal Conversion and rehab for transitional housing Financial Assistance Overnight shelter Rapid re- housing (rental assistance) Rental Assistance Services Transitional housing $470,037 0 0 $470,037 $1,880,148 ESG funds are utilized to fund rapid re -housing, and street outreach. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. General Fund Local Public Services $743,000 0 0 $743,000 $17,832,000 General Funds utilized by the department are called Social Service Gap funds which are approved by City Commission on a yearly basis to supplement the CDBG funding for the provision of public services for low- income residents. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 148 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ Section 8 Federal Rental Assistance $5,099,800 0 0 $5,099,800 $20,399,200 These funds are used for the operation of the Section 8 voucher and mod -rehab programs. Most of the funds are for rental payments. Other State Acquisition Homebuyer assistance Homeowner rehab Multifamily rental new construction Multifamily rental rehab New construction for ownership TBD 0 0 TBD TBD State funding for housing activities authorized by the 1992 William E. Sadowski Affordable housing act. The department has not been able to rely on these funds on an annual basis as these can be reprogrammed by the State for other non -housing purposes. Table 54 - Anticipated Resources 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 149 Explain how federal funds will leverage those additional resources (private, state and local funds), including a description of how matching requirements will be satisfied The City of Miami provides General Fund dollars to leverage, and complement, approved CDBG- funded public service agencies and to provide additional public services that otherwise could not be funded due to the 15% CDBG cap on the funding of public services. These city funds, known as Social Service Gap funds, help stabilize these agencies. The City of Miami Planning & Zoning Departments also collect financial contributions (as stipulated by the current Zoning Ordinance) from private developers who opt for specific provisions allowed by the City of Miami Zoning Code (Miami21) to developments providing a certain number of affordable units in a given project, as defined by the Code. These collections are then dedicated to the City's Affordable Housing Trust Fund (AHTF), with funding from this source used to further the HCD's existent housing programs, aiding both homebuyers (first-time and existent) and developers (multi -family rental and homeownership projects), as delineated in the Affordable Housing Trust guidelines approved by City Commission in Resolution #07-0203. In 2023, the City Commission created the Miami For Everyone (MFE) program. Funded with general funds, it assists communities facing long-term complications resulting from declared emergencies and helps to address the specific needs of the most vulnerable residents and businesses through a priority areas of need including, but not limited to, affordable housing, homeless services, job development, retention, and training programs. The city will also leverage Miami Forever Bond funds when available. The bond has set aside $100 million towards affordable housing and to date $37,000,000 remains. The remaining $37 million in Miami Forever Bonds (GO Bond) set for affordable housing efforts in the city will be used throughout the upcoming, Five -Year CP based on a deliberate and objective project selection process, city wide requirements, and citizen input. These GOB dollars will be used to leverage other public funding to bring additional, much needed affordable housing units to the city. The City of Miami continues to identify funding sources that can be pooled to make a greater impact within the community. Although federal, state, private, and local grant program funds and activities operate according to their own guidelines and requirements, they are frequently combined to provide a higher level of funding for housing and community development needs. For example, federal CDBG and HOME funds can be leveraged with State Housing Initiatives Partnership (SHIP) program funds in order to meet needs in affordable housing. The HOME Investment Partnership program funds can also be combined with SHIP to provide assistance for qualified low- and moderate -income first-time homebuyers in the form of down -payment, principal reduction, and closing cost assistance. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 150 The HOME program requires a 25% match from grantees. The City of Miami will meet HOME match requirements through a combination of using Bonds and SHIP funds. If appropriate, describe publicly owned land or property located within the jurisdiction that may be used to address the needs identified in the plan The HCD currently manages a portfolio of approximately 40 parcels that are owned by the City of Miami. Some of these sites can or must be used to address some of the needs identified in this plan. These parcels each have limitations associated to the type of development that can occur on the individual site. As funding becomes available, HCD incorporates the appropriate sites in a Request for Proposals (RFP) which is properly advertised and then publicly issued to interested parties who have to meet certain thresholds of experience, knowledge, financial capacity, etc. RFPs are reviewed, scored, and recommendations presented to either the City of Miami Commission or the City's Housing & Commercial Loan Committee, comprised of private individuals with different specialties in the banking, housing, private/public sector who volunteer their time and meet several times a year to award funding. The City of Miami Commission granted this Committee the authority to make funding decisions. Discussion Disaster Response and Recovery South Florida is an area vulnerable to natural disasters mainly related to extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes, wildfires, and floods. Through the years, the city has experienced its share of devastating disasters followed by the aftermaths and rebuilding efforts. As such, the city is always at high alert and maintains an up-to-date Hurricane Plan that deals with preparedness and operational activities prior, during, and after a storm; establishes procedures to minimize storm -related damage and protects the life of personnel and city residents. Understanding that the federal government's function is to provide disaster relief through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Small Business Administration (SBA) to meet short-term recovery needs, the city strongly believes that there are scenarios where assistance is needed to safeguard the health and well-being of its residents by addressing emergency housing repairs and providing long-term affordable housing solutions among other essential services for residents in need after a natural or man-made disaster. 1. Need to Reallocate Funds in Case of a Disaster - The city is electing to leave open the option to utilize its CPD funding for emergency, short-term assistance and/or long-term recovery assistance when those activities are not fully funded by FEMA, SBA, or other alternative sources. If the city were to utilize its CDBG funding, it would apply it toward activities allowed by CDBG regulations, including, but not limited to meeting the interim assistance criteria defined under 24 CFR 570.201 (f)(2) to alleviate emergency conditions. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 151 CDBG funds can also be used for other public service activities, not to exceed the 15% public service cap, which would assist those impacted by the disaster. While the general rule is that CDBG funds may not be used for income payments, such as rent and security deposits, food, and utilities, CDBG funds may be used as emergency grant payments over a period of up to three consecutive months to the provider of such items or services on behalf of an individual or family. 2. Funding Reallocation - Once South Florida receives a major disaster declaration, the city shall be open to the possibility of reallocating its CPD funds toward eligible activities to help counteract the effects of a disaster on its residents. Any and all CPD funds available or previously allocated to any activity on any fiscal year may be reallocated toward disaster response and recovery. This decision is left solely to the discretion of the City of Miami as it best see fit in the aftermath of a major natural or man-made disaster. The city will, at all times, adhere to its citizen participation plan requirements. 3. Utilization of CPD Funding - As it is understood that HUD assistance is intended to supplement, not replace, other public, private, and non-profit sector resources that have already been provided for the same need or loss, the city will be careful to review and document household's eligibility, financial resources, and other assistance available or reasonably anticipated for the same purpose as the CPD program assistance in an effort to avoid duplication of benefits. The following are projects the city will utilize CPD funds for in the case of a disaster: o Public services - up to an amount not to exceed 15% of CDBG allocation for the PY; o Emergency housing rehabilitation - up to $1M; o Homebuyer programs - up to $1M; o Acquisition programs that purchase properties in floodplains - up to $1M; o Infrastructure improvements - up to $2M; o Demolition of buildings and unsafe structures - up to $2M; o Reconstruction or replacement of public facilities - up to $2M; o Small business grants and loans - up to $500k; and o Relocation assistance for people moved out of floodways - up to $1M. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 152 SP-40 Institutional Delivery Structure — 91.215(k) Explain the institutional structure through which the jurisdiction will carry out its consolidated plan including private industry, non-profit organizations, and public institutions. Responsible Entity Responsible Entity Type Role Geographic Area Served City Of Miami Government Economic Development Homelessness Non -homeless special needs Ownership Planning Public Housing Rental neighborhood improvements public facilities public services Jurisdiction Miami Dade County PHA Public Housing Other Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust Continuum of care Homelessness Other Carrfour Supportive Housing, inc. CHDO Homelessness Non -homeless special needs Rental Region g Rebuilding Together Miami -Dade, inc. Non-profit organizations Ownership Region Prospera Non-profit organizations Economic Development Region Catalyst Miami Non-profit organizations Economic Development Region Miami Bayside Foundation, Inc. Non-profit organizations Economic Development Region Partners for Self- Employment Non-profit organizations Economic Development Region Care Resource Non-profit organizations Homelessness Rental Region 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 153 Responsible Entity Responsible Entity Type Role Geographic Area Served Center of Information and Orientation, Inc Non-profit organizations Homelessness Rental Region Empower U , Inc. Non-profit organizations Homelessness Rental Region Spanish American Basic Education and Rehabilitation, Inc. Non-profit organizations Homelessness Rental Region Latin Missions Ministries, LLC Non-profit organizations Homelessness Rental Region Table 55 - Institutional Delivery Structure Assess of Strengths and Gaps in the Institutional Delivery System The institutional delivery system's strengths include the high number and variety of public and private agencies in the city that are involved year-round in providing housing, public services, economic development -related services, homeless services and HOPWA services to low- to moderate -income persons. The main weakness of this system is that unfortunately, many agencies tend to be self-contained and solely work within their service niche, which oftentimes means a lack of communication and awareness of other agencies and the existent services in the community that can assist low-income residents. This lack of awareness means leveraging resources and assets is oftentimes not maximized and cross -promotion and marketing does not take place. Another gap in the institutional structure is what we observe to be a lack of the foundation/corporate component in many agencies' operating budgets. Many of the agencies we fund are struggling to survive financially and depend too heavily on state and federal funding, without branching out into the marketplace and seeking private sponsors and corporate dollars. As such, sustaining their organization becomes extremely difficult as public dollars dwindle. Many agencies struggle with public speaking, advocacy, fundraising, and lobbying -- critical skills needed to secure additional dollars. Ultimately, inability to acclimate to the new financial situation threatens an agency's life span, and consequently the clients they service. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 154 Availability of services targeted to homeless persons and persons with HIV and mainstream services Homelessness Prevention Services Available in the Community Targeted to Homeless Targeted to People with HIV Homelessness Prevention Services Counseling/Advocacy X Legal Assistance X Mortgage Assistance X Rental Assistance X X X Utilities Assistance X X X Street Outreach Services Law Enforcement X Mobile Clinics X Other Street Outreach Services X Supportive Services Alcohol & Drug Abuse X Child Care X X Education X Employment and Employment Training X Healthcare X X HIV/AIDS X X Life Skills X Mental Health Counseling X Transportation X Table 56 - Homeless Prevention Services Summary Describe how the service delivery system including, but not limited to, the services listed above meet the needs of homeless persons (particularly chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth) There are different service providers funded through the Homeless Trust that provide the services noted above to the homeless community - including those that are chronically homeless, families with children, veterans, and/or unaccompanied youth. Once a client makes the first point of contact, whether it be on the street through an outreach team, by calling the toll -free local Homeless Helpline, or by walking into a shelter, then they are assessed via one, standardized assessment tool used by all CoC participating entities, and subsequently referred to the available resources that can address their/their families' needs. Mainstream services in our community can be accessed via the 24-hour Switchboard of Miami Help line (305-358-HELP), a nonprofit 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 155 entity in operation since the late 1960s which maintains a comprehensive database of the social services available throughout Miami -Dade County and provides information free of charge to callers on hundreds of topics. The bulk of services for persons with AIDS (outside of housing - related services) are provided via the Ryan White program, which is administered by Miami -Dade County via the Office of Management and Budget, Grants Coordination Division. They receive funding from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), under Part A of the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009 and are responsible for distributing these grant funds to HIV/AIDS service organizations, community -based clinics, hospitals, and public institutions located throughout the County. They also receive funding from the Ryan White Minority AIDS Initiative (MAI) Program. Describe the strengths and gaps of the service delivery system for special needs population and persons experiencing homelessness, including, but not limited to, the services listed above One of the most obvious strengths of the service delivery system includes the large number of players -- be these agencies, community -based organizations, non -profits, etc. -- that are involved in providing services to special needs populations and persons experiencing homelessness. Those community entities and stakeholders who participate in the local CoC meet several times a year to address issues as they arise in the community with participants who are actively tied to the HIV/AIDS Community, Mental Health Community, Veterans, Survivors of Domestic Abuse, etc. This information exchange allows entities to understand what other agencies are doing, and to thereby route clients accordingly. There is presently a gap in the mortgage assistance programs available to the community and to homeless persons -- outside of what is a traditional loan modification with a bank and/or the HAMP program. Another major gap in this institutional structure is the lack of available funding resources to meet the growing demand for low-income affordable housing and the provision of social services for the different segments of our population. The city works diligently to leverage local, state, and federal monies by forging meaningful public and private partnerships. The lack of available funding has forced the department to do more with less and in many instances, this translates into increased workloads that hinder the work of staff members in meeting increased affordable housing demands and social service needs. Demographic barriers are also a gap, as part of the high population growth projection in the city is attributed to the large immigration inflow from other countries. Different races and cultural backgrounds merge to form neighborhoods and communities. The constant influx of immigrants (legal and illegal) into the city, many of whom are in immediate need of social services, presents a challenge to the department given the existent demand. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 156 Provide a summary of the strategy for overcoming gaps in the institutional structure and service delivery system for carrying out a strategy to address priority needs Efforts to bring other federal, state, local, and/or private funding for programs and activities that assist extremely low-, very low-, and low to moderate -income people have been paramount. In these difficult economic times, it is more important than ever for jurisdictions and agencies to manage federal monies wisely and ensure that each dollar dedicated to an activity is being leveraged, thereby maximizing results. The staff within the City of Miami Department of Housing and Community Development is responsible for providing direct technical assistance to subrecipient partners who are authorized to carry out activities that specifically benefit persons with special needs. The Department monitor subrecipient's progress and expenditures periodically, providing any necessary technical assistance if a potential problem or a finding is discovered through the monitoring activities. This strategy for overcoming gaps in the institutional delivery structure has proven beneficial for the city. The city, in conjunction with elected officials, citizens, non-profit agencies, and for -profit organizations, will continue networking and trying to assess what residents need and how best to meet those needs. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 157 SP-45 Goals Summary — 91.215(a)(4) Goals Summary Information Sort Order Goal Name Category Geographic Area Needs Addressed Funding Goal Outcome Indicator CDBG: $ 1,500,000.00 HOME: $ Construction of Affordable 16,946,797.00 Rental Units New Rental Affordable City of Miami Housing HOPWA: $ Constructed: 1,250 Units Housing Production of - Household $ New Units Housing Units 1 ESG: - SHIP: $ Increase the supply of affordable rental housing available to extremely low-, very low-, low- and low -to - Goal moderate income residents through new construction. The City will finance project costs for site development and will offer soft and hard construction financing associated with the development of affordable housing units. Description: The City will ensure compliance by reviewing rent rolls, leases, tenant income files, financial statements, operational licenses and certificates, annual unit inspection, etc. CDBG: $ HOME: $ Construction of Affordable 1,360,000.00 Homeowner New Affordable Housing $ Housing Added: 50 2 Homeowner Housing City of Miami Production of HOPWA: - Household Units New Units $ Housing Units ESG: SHIP: $ 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 158 Goal Description: The City will seek to increase the supply of affordable home ownership through new construction of home owner unit. The focus will be to promote and create affordable home ownership opportunities for City residents. This will be achieved by financing project costs associated with the development of affordable housing units and by providing hard and soft construction financing. 3 Rehabilitation of Affordable Rental Units Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Rehabilitation of Existing Units CDBG: $ Rental Units Rehabilitated: 250 Household Housing Units HOME: $ 2,500,000.00 HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ SHIP: $ Goal Description: Rehabilitation of multi -family rental properties to help preserve affordable rental housing for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income residents. This strategy aims to preserve affordable rental housing stock in the City from continue to decline and to improve the condition of rental inventory available to our target population. 4 Rehabilitation of Affordable Homeowner Units Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Rehabilitation of Existing Units CDBG: $ 2,000,000.00 Homeowner Housing Rehabilitated: 30 Household Housing Units HOME: $ - HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ SHIP: $ 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 159 Goal Description: The City will provide home improvement and rehabilitation assistance to homeowners in order to improve the condition of existing housing stock and maintain the affordability of these homes. Under the Single -Family Rehabilitation program, extremely low-, very low-, low- and low -to -moderate income homeowners that reside and maintain a property as their principal residence in the City will be able to obtain a deferred loan to bring their property to decent, safe, and sanitary housing standards or to correct existing code violations. In addition, the city also has a home ownership Preservation Strategy that will target the same population but will concentrate on hardening the property to better withstand natural weather occurrences and to maximize the energy efficiency of the home. Whenever the housing unit cannot be properly rehabilitated with the abovementioned programs, the city implemented a Single -Family Replacement program that concentrates on replacing unsafe housing structures by demolishing them and replacing it with a brand-new housing unit on the existing lot. 5 Rental Assistance — TBRA/Rapid Rehousing/S8 Affordable Housing, Homeless City of Miami, Miami -Dade County (HOPWA Program) Affordable Housing Rental Assistance, Homeless and Special Needs Population Assistance CDBG: $ Tenant -Based rental assistance/ Rapid Rehousing: 950 Households Assisted HOME: $ 1$,000,000.00 67,130,596.00 HOPWA: ESG: $ 763,811.00 SHIP: $ SECTION 8: $ 23,202,500.00 Goal Description: Provide rental housing assistance through the HOPWA TBRA program, ESG Rapid Rehousing program, and Section 8 voucher and moderate rehabilitation programs. All these rental assistance programs are designed to assist lower income households live under safe, decent, and sanitary conditions. In the case of the HOPWA TBRA program, it is important to assist participants maintain housing stability in an effort for them to utilize their resources toward improving their access to and engagement in treatment and care. 6 Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Down CDBG: $ - Direct Financial Assistance to 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 160 Direct Financial Assistance to Home Buyers Payment Assistance HOME: $ 3,600,000.00 Home Buyers: 30 Households Assisted HOPWA: $ ESG: $ - SHIP: $ Goal Description: Assist low, low -to -moderate income households obtain home ownership by providing financial assistance in the form of down payment or closing cost assistance based on program availability. 7 Provision of Public Services Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Provision of Public Services CDBG: $ 3,817,855.00 Public service activities other than Low/Moderate Income Housing Benefit: 3,500 Persons Assisted HOME: $ HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ 3,715,000.00 Goal Description: Provide nutritional meals to the elderly and people with disabilities. Provide childcare, youth development activities, services for people with disabilities, employment training among other programs. 8 Public Facilities and Infrastructure Improvements Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Public Facilities Improvements and Infrastructure CDBG: $ 5,500,000.00 Public Facility or Infrastructure Activities other than Low/Moderate Income Housing HOME: $ - $ HOPWA:- 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 161 ESG: $ - Benefit:50,000 Persons Assisted SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: Encourage community revitalization by investing in public facility or infrastructure improvements such as street or park improvements. This is an area benefit and shall benefit residents in an area where at least 51 percent of the residents are extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income persons. The GOI for this section reflects the number of persons of such area that will benefit from these activities. 9 Commercial Facade/Code Enforcement Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Economic Development CDBG: $ 1,250,000.00 Business Assisted: 50 Businesses Assisted HOME: $ HOPWA: $ ESG: $ SHIP:- $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: The program covers the rehabilitation of privately owned for -profit commercial buildings limited to improvement and correction of code violations. Under the commercial facade program, all improvements are limited to those that are visible from a commercial corridor. This is an area benefit and shall benefit residents in an area where at least 51 percent of the residents are extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income persons. 10 Technical Assistance to Businesses Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Economic Development CDBG: $ 1,055,460.00 Businesses Assisted: 150 Businesses Assisted $ HOME:- 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 162 HOPWA: $ ESG: $ SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Provide technical assistance to for -profit businesses in order to build capacity, generate economic development opportunities, and create/retain jobs for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income persons. Goal Technical assistance includes, but it is not limited to financial consultation, permits/licenses, zoning Description: information, infrastructure, business relations/relocation/expansion, business attraction, security improvements, seminars/workshops, general business services, and marketing/promotion assistance. Also included the micro enterprise assistance program. CDBG: $ 250,000.00 HOME: $ Non -Housing HOPWA: $ Job Creation/ Retention Community City of Miami Economic Development - Jobs created/ retained: 10 Jobs $ Development ESG: - 11 SHIP: $ - GENERAL $ FUNDS: - Create and maintain employment opportunities for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate Goal income persons (target population). Subrecipients funded for job creation activities must be able to verify Description: that at least 51 percent of the jobs are held by the target population or it must be able to proof that at least 51 percent of jobs were available to the target population. Conversely, when an activity is funded to retain jobs, it 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 163 must provide evidence that the jobs held by the target population would otherwise be lost if it wasn't for the CDBG assistance provided. 12 Other Economic Development Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Economic Development CDBG: $ 9,390,868.00 Businesses Assisted:300 Businesses Assisted HOME: $ HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: This project covers activities not covered under prvious Economic Development categories. It includes Special Economic Development Activities and other CDBG-Eligible activities that fit the Economic Development description. 13 Homeless Prevention and STRMU Homeless City of Miami, Miami Dade County— HOPWA Program Homeless and Special Needs Population Assistance CDBG: $ STRMU 250 Persons Assisted HOME: $ HOPWA: $ 3,500,000.00 ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 164 Goal Description: ESG-funded Homeless Prevention and HOPWA-funded Short Term Rent Mortgage and Utilities programs provide direct assistance to extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income households to prevent them falling into homelessness. There is a high -demand for these programs as there is a high percentage of City residents that are cost -burdened and severely cost -burdened. CDBG: $ HOME: $ Homeless and HOPWA: $ Homeless Person Homeless Special Needs - Overnight Shelter: Street Outreach Homeless City of Miami Population $ 7,500 Persons Assistance ESG: 1,410,111.00 Assisted 14 SHIP: $ GENERAL $ FUNDS: - Street outreach activities target a large number of unsheltered homeless persons located within City limits. These funds are used toward engagement in order to locate, identify, and build relationships with the Goal unsheltered population to provide immediate support, intervention, and connections with homeless assistance Description: programs and mainstream social services/and or housing programs. In addition, whenever appropriate, the City may utilize ESG funding to cover for hotel/motel expenditures related to maintaining homeless families off the street whenever shelter space is not available. CDBG: $ HIV/AIDS Affordable City of Miami, Miami -Dade Affordable HOME: $ HIV/AIDS Housing 15 Housing Housing, County Housing — Operations: 26 Operations Homeless (HOPWA Other Housing Programs HOPWA: $ 592,800.00 Household Housing Unit Program) ESG: $ 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 165 SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Project -Based housing relates to subsidies toward the operational cost of the unit. Tenants are required to pay a portion of their rent (including utilities) based on their monthly income. The operational subsidy stays with Description: the assisted unit once the tenant vacates it. CDBG: $ 5,090,470.00 HOME: $ 1,534,088.00 HOPWA: $ Program Other City of Miami All 2,140,929.00 Not applicable 16 Administration ESG: $ 176,263.00 SHIP: $ SECTION 8: $ 2,296,500.00 Goal Description: Administration for all Consolidated Planning programs Table 57 — Goals Summary Estimate the number of extremely low-income, low-income, and moderate -income families to whom the jurisdiction will provide affordable housing as defined by HOME 91.315(b)(2) Over the 5-Year Consolidated Plan period, it is estimated that approximately 30 households will be assisted through down payment assistance, with the bulk of these individuals and families being at or below the 80 percent AMI. The city anticipates that it will provide approximately 1,250 new construction rental units in multi -family projects that will be affordable to low-income households and an average of 50 homeownership units for individuals and families at or below 80 percent AMI. Through housing rehabilitation, the city 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 166 expects to assist 250 rental units and 30 owner -occupied units benefiting very low-income households. The city will also provide rental assistance to 950 households considered extremely low, very -low, low, and moderate income and 26 households serving individuals living with HIV/AIDS and their families. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 167 SP-50 Public Housing Accessibility and Involvement — 91.215(c) Need to Increase the Number of Accessible Units (if Required by a Section 504 Voluntary Compliance Agreement) PHCD is actively engaged in developing accessible housing for persons with disabilities through the modification and development of housing facilities and other services, in accordance with a Voluntary Compliance Agreement (VCA). The agreement requires - amongst other items — that PHCD construct or convert a minimum 459 of its 9,543 total housing units to comply with Section 504, Title II of the ADA, the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS), the Fair Housing Act and the Architecture Barriers Act. Applicants with mobility, vision and/or hearing impairment(s) will be offered Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) units or units with accessible features based on availability. Priority is provided to transferees. Because Public Housing is administered in our jurisdiction by another entitlement, the Miami -Dade County Public Housing & Community Development Department (PHCD), we are citing information here attributed to that entity's most recent Public Housing Agency (PHA) 5-year Plan 2020-2024. In the latter, it indicates that the PHCD continues to implement Section 504, Americans with Disability Act (ADA), the Fair Housing Act, and the Voluntary Compliance Agreement (VCA) that will result in a total of 459 Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) units. Also, PHCD's latest PHA plan indicates that it has continued to implement the VCA requirement to make its offices, public housing dwellings and non -housing programs accessible to people with disabilities. Creation and revisions to the Reasonable Accommodation Policies and Procedures, Effective Communication Policies and ACOP -- as required by the VCA -- have been completed. The agency has also supplemented its ongoing employee's VCA training with special sessions focused on the ACOP and specific reasonable accommodation processes. Activities to Increase Resident Involvements As indicated in their most receive PHA Plan, the PHCD is working to increase resident involvement as follows: • Continued meetings with resident councils to provide training on various aspects of resident organization and empowerment. • Seek new partnerships with both public and private entities to enhance social and economic services to residents. • Increase resident participation requirements for social service providers operating at public housing sites. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 168 • Continue incorporating specific Section 3 job requirements in public housing rehabilitation solicitations. • Identify supportive services to increase independence for the elderly or families with disabilities. Is the public housing agency designated as troubled under 24 CFR part 902? No. Plan to remove the 'troubled' designation Miami -Dade Public Housing and Community Development (PHCD), serving the City of Miami, has not been designated by HUD as troubled. According to HUD's Inventory Management System (IMS)/ PIH Information Center (PIC) public housing profile site Miami -Dade Housing Authority is a standard performer. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 169 SP-55 Barriers to affordable housing — 91.215(h) Barriers to Affordable Housing The City of Miami is one of the smallest major cities by land area (55.24 sq-mi) in the United States with one of the largest populations (443,665 people, 2022 ACS 5YR). The city is also one of the oldest ports in the State of Florida, incorporated in 1896. This means that the city is working with limited land, a well -established and growing population, and historic land use patterns. As a result of these and other factors, the City of Miami also has one of the hottest housing markets with the highest prices in the state and nation. Along with the rest of Florida, prices increased dramatically after 2020; according to Realtor.com, Miami was the fastest growing market in the nation with an increase of 55.3% year -over -year from 2021 to 2022. The most recent Consolidated Plan for Miami 2019-2023 named public policies related to the cost of land, low wages, and construction costs as barriers to affordable housing. These barriers remain in the city today. For example, land costs have continued to increase, taking a sharp upward trend in 2020. Cash buyers versus mortgage buyers of single-family homes fluctuates from month to month but has generally increased between pre-covid and post-COVID sales. According to Miami Realtors, cash buyers made up 28% of buyers in August 2019 compared to 41.2% of home sales in August 2023, related in part to mortgage interest rates which rose from about 3% to 7%. Workers continue to struggle to afford housing due to low wages. Although voters passed a law in 2020 raising the minimum wage in Florida to $13 in September 2024 (higher than the federal minimum wage of $7.25) and the tipped worker minimum wage to $8.89; Florida's minimum wage will be raised to $14 in 2025, and $15 in 2026, the living wage in Miami - Dade County according to the MIT Living Wage Calculator is $24.26/hour for one adult with no children. At the state level, the Florida legislature continues to fund the SHIP entitlement program which is primarily used for homeownership activities. Furthermore, Florida's Live Local Act passed in 2023 allows developers to build multifamily rental housing without local board approval as long as they provide 40% of units for renters making up to 120% AMI for 30 years, provides tax exemptions to developers of certain affordable housing projects, and preempts certain local regulations on zoning, density and height for certain multifamily affordable housing developments in commercial, industrial, and mixed -use areas. Criticism of this preemption law include critique of the 120% AMI allowance, suggesting that residents earning 120% of the AMI are not low-income. For example, in Miami -Dade County, 120% AMI for a one -person household was $95,400, meaning the rent limit for a one -bedroom apartment was $2,554, which is comparable to the cost of a market -rate unit. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 170 Transit -Oriented Development - Because most of the jobs and activity centers are located within city limits, limited developable land area poses a significant challenge to the supply and affordability of housing for those who want to live within a reasonable distance of where they work and play. Aware of the issue, local leaders of Miami, Miami -Dade County, and the Miami - Dade Transportation Planning Organization have been working together to support transit - oriented development (TOD). TOD areas within the city include areas designated as Rapid Transit Zones (RTZ) which are designed to focus significant density bonuses around rapid transit corridors, and a Bus Express Rapid Transit (BERT) service network. RTZs are relatively permissive and in certain cases include mandatory inclusionary zoning housing requirements for affordable units. In 2016, the Miami -Dade Transportation Planning Organization approved the Strategic Miami Area Rapid Transit (SMART) Plan which identified six corridors where RTZs would be applied. Subsequent Miami -Dade County -level amendments have funded and expanded the SMART Plan, such as an ordinance passed in 2022 which created the Metromover Subzone of the RTZ. Several additional special districts promote transit -oriented development and other high - density mixed -use development, including a public benefits program specific to the Wynwood area with incentives for workforce housing. Zoning and Land Use - The City of Miami implements zoning through a form -based code (Miami 21) with zones T-3 (more suburban development style) to T-6 (more urban development style) with additional zones for workplace, industrial, waterfront industrial, and civic institution health districts, as well as special district regulations laid out in the appendices of the code. The T-4 through T-6 zones are generally more permissive and allow additional housing density and types, as well as parking reductions, particularly in TOD or transit corridor areas. A parking reduction for low-income households and the "elderly" is also permitted in these zones. In the T-5 and T-6 zones, minimum heights are required, and co -living allowances are provided. T-3 zones are single- family residential zones, and have a minimum lot size of 5,000 square -feet. Ultimately, the expansion of allowances for diverse housing types, parking reductions, setback reductions, and other policies in the T-3 zones could potentially assist the City in addressing its housing availability and affordability needs, particularly utilizing strategies that target specific areas, such as along specific corridors or proximity to high -density zones. However, there are other approaches as well, such as continuing to focus on transit -oriented development and expanding upon density allowances, inclusionary zoning, and other regulations in the T-4 through T-6 zones. Recently, the city also increased lot coverage regulations to allow up to 90% of coverage in many instances in exchange for providing certain benefits like payments made to the Miami -Dade trust fund or providing off -site open space. Affordable Housing Programs - The City has also codified and implemented several affordable housing incentives programs. These include: 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 171 • Waiver of the air quality fee in the Southeast Overtown/Park West Development area and interim proprietary and general service fee; • Flexibility with tree protection bonds and tree replacement requirements; • Alternative standards for green building; and • Required incentives of the State Housing Incentives Partnership (SHIP) program (Florida Statute 420.9071(18)): expedited permitting and an ongoing review process of local policies, ordinances, regulations, and plan provisions that increase the cost of housing prior to their adoption. Age of Housing Stock - Public policies such as those discussed above supported a housing construction boom within the city, particularly construction of new rental housing, since the year 2000. However, the majority of the city's housing stock was built prior to 1970, meaning the existing housing stock is over 45 years old. Housing rehabilitation was identified as a priority affordable housing need at both of the general population community input meetings held for this plan. Barriers to Fair Housing - The City also just updated its Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice which analyzed a wide variety of public policies and their effects on affordable housing and residential investment. The plan analyzed barriers in Miami such as the historic patterns of segregation prior to the passing of the 1968 Fair Housing Act, widespread single-family zoned districts in racially/ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), and the rising costs of both renter and homeowner housing (including the cost of property insurance and taxes) and the resulting rising housing cost -burden, particularly for low-income people and people of color. In the recommendations section of the plan, the following fair housing issues were identified: • Access to an affordable and diverse housing stock • Access to affordable homeownership in shifting markets • Availability of public transportation and reliable, safe connectivity to community assets • Aging housing stock reducing the preservation of existing affordable units • Loss of affordable rental units due to impacts of natural disasters, expiration of affordability periods, or private use as short-term rentals Residents' Lived Experiences - Through public engagement for this plan, the need for rental and homebuyer assistance rose to the top as a priority, as well as a lack of housing supply for specific populations such as seniors, homeless families, and low-income workers. Residents and 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 172 stakeholders who participated in the City's public meetings on April 18 and 22 and the survey on the FHC Connect webpage stated that the City's top five priorities for affordable housing programs should be down -payment and first-time homebuyer assistance, rent subsidy, housing for the elderly, housing for homeless families, and rehab for low-income homeowners. During meeting discussions, members highlighted the need for specialized assistance — particularly permanent supportive housing (permanent housing with wrap -around services) — for especially vulnerable populations, such as formerly incarcerated homeless adults. The intersections of housing rehab, seniors and homelessness was also a topic of discussion; one senior couple (in their 80s) spoke about their building not passing 40-year inspection and shutting down rental units, pushing them into homelessness. A lack of fair housing education was also identified as one of the biggest issues in Miami, especially for tenants. Strategy to Remove or Ameliorate the Barriers to Affordable Housing Land Use & Zoning — Miami's leaders will continue to expand upon its form -based Zoning Code, aka Miami 21, and will continue to support incentives including impact fee deferrals, reduced parking and setback requirements, and density bonuses, etc.) meant to encourage the development (by the private sector) of additional affordable/workforce housing. Miami will also continue to target transit -oriented development areas such as stations, stops, and corridors for its various public transportation systems. Staff will consider other ways to promote development of various housing types throughout the city, such as reduced rear setback requirements in zone T-3 when I tabuts a higher -density zones such as T-5 or T-6. Miami Forever Bond — The City will continue to fund projects utilizing the remainder of the $400 million General Obligation (GO) Bond to build a stronger, more resilient future for the City of Miami, alleviating existing and future risks to residents. The Bond is meant to fund a variety of projects that align with the City's most pressing needs: Sea -Level Rise and Flood Prevention ($192 million), Roadway Improvements ($23 million), Parks and Cultural Facilities ($78 million), Public Safety ($7 million), and Affordable Housing ($100 million). The city has so far awarded $63 million to 14 affordable housing projects. The remaining $37 million in Miami Forever Bonds (GO Bond) set for affordable housing efforts in the city will be used throughout the upcoming, Five -Year CP based on a deliberate and objective project selection process, city wide requirements, and citizen input. These GOB dollars will be used to leverage other public funding to bring additional, much needed affordable housing units to the city. Fair Housing — To address past and present issues of fair housing, the HCD plans to continue promoting education about its housing programs and fair housing laws through innovative and effective methods. The city hopes to nurture and expand its longstanding relationship with Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence (HOPE) Inc. and other local nonprofits to engage and build trust with underserved members of the community. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 173 Resilience and Disaster Preparation — The HCD will continue to partner with the Office of Resilience and Sustainability and will consider actions and programs that analyze and assist the vulnerable affordable housing stock in the City. By strengthening a partnership with the Office of Resilience and Sustainability, the HCD can assist in the pursuance of grants for strengthening both the future and existent housing stock against storms, wind, heat, flooding, and other risks. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 174 SP-60 Homelessness Strategy — 91.215(d) Reaching out to homeless persons (especially unsheltered persons) and assessing their individual needs The CoC has established a Coordinated Entry System (CE), covering the full geographic boundaries of Miami -Dade County that coordinates access to CoC resources, housing need assessment, prioritization and referral for CoC permanent housing assistance. Access to the CoC is through the CoC Helpline, the CoC Outreach, Assessment and Placement program (OAP), 12+ walk-in service centers, 5 youth & 5 DV focused access points and targeted in -reach at schools. The OAP street teams works cooperatively with specialized CE access points that provide on the phone, walk-in and outreach to youth (5 access points) and individuals and families who are fleeing, or attempting to flee, domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking (5 access points). The CoC contracts with two jurisdictions to staff its OAP teams operated by entitlement jurisdictions, the City of Miami and the City of Miami Beach, as well as outreach teams specializing in services to those with mental illness and substance use disorders. The City of Miami's OAP teams also serve all of Miami -Dade County. Combined, the OAP teams have over 50 staff with central offices in Miami Beach, City of Miami and South -Dade. Staff utilize city vehicles to canvas the boundaries of the CoC provide transportation to unsheltered persons. OAP teams perform outreach, engagement, homeless verification, HMIS data collection, standardized assessment of need and transportation. OAP teams use mobile phone and tablets to complete real-time HMIS & vulnerability assessments. OAP staff are co -located at the CES walk-in access point established at Camillus House, a Federally Qualified Health Center, ES, TH & PH provider with a long history of feeding & serving unsheltered persons. OAP staff are also located at the county jail and one floating team works with institutions that may discharge into homelessness (hospitals and crisis units). OAP teams cover indoor feeding sites. Upon seeking CoC assistance, the individual or family is assessed for need and vulnerability utilizing a uniform assessment tool, the Vulnerability Index & Service Prioritization Decision Assistance Tool (VI-SPDAT). The CoC prioritizes persons with the longest history of homelessness and greatest vulnerability for PH. The person or family is placed on a By Name List (BNL) maintained by the CoC Housing Coordinator for referral and placement into PSH or RRH, based on the household assessment and the CoC's Orders of Priority. BNLs are kept for unsheltered persons, youth, families, veterans, chronic homeless and persons over the age of 55. The BNL is automated, generated by HMIS, and compiled from HMIS data on length of homelessness and vulnerability score. OAP teams attend BNL case meetings to report out on unsheltered client status and break through any barriers to PH placement. The CoC works cooperatively with the VA to ensure Veterans referred to the VASH program are incorporated into the CoC's BNL. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 175 Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust, "Priority Home" Miami -Dade County Community Homeless Plan also states the following: • Review cultural competency and racial equity of street outreach efforts • Address racial and other system disparities • Leverage technology to achieve greater tracking efficiencies • Provide regular training to ensure effective use of vulnerability tool, street engagement and implementation of Evidenced -Based Practices such as Housing First and Motivational Enhancement Therapy. Make diversion the first intervention by identifying alternate housing arrangements • Ensure a pathway to permanent housing is defined and supported, even when clients refuse shelter or shelter is not available. • Enhance collaboration with domestic violence system for placement into emergency shelter, transitional housing, rapid rehousing, and permanent supportive housing • Continuously offer comprehensive services to unsheltered persons who refuse all services (MET, street medicine, involuntary examination, housing navigation) • Engage faith -based groups, housing advocates and others to enhance landlord connections and volunteer opportunities and dissuade street feedings • Revisit legacy street outreach programs to ensure effectiveness and maximize successful triage/exits • Ensure Coordinated Entry System side doors are closed Addressing the emergency and transitional housing needs of homeless persons The CoC employs the following strategies to address the emergency and transitional housing needs of homeless persons: • Diversion: assists persons facing homelessness either remain where they have been living or identify alternate safe and suitable housing arrangements to avoid entry to emergency shelter. • Emergency Housing: provides temporary shelter, food, showers, clothing, food, mail, telephones, medical care available in some of the shelters, assistance with accessing benefits and job training/employment and other community -based resources. • Safe Haven: are programs that serve hard -to -reach homeless persons who have severe mental illness, are living on the streets, and have been unable or unwilling to participate in supportive services. • Transitional Housing (TH) and Rapid Rehousing (RHH): The CoC has adopted a strategy to rapidly rehouse homeless persons using a Housing First approach, which does not require that a homeless household have income or sobriety. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 176 • Dedicated Domestic Violence Shelter and Transitional Housing; Human Trafficking Coordination of Services: The Homeless Trust's Domestic Violence Board oversees 15% of local Food & Beverage tax proceeds dedicated to addressing the immediate and short- term housing needs of survivors of domestic violence. Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust, "Priority Home" Miami -Dade County Community Homeless Plan also states the following: • Create bridge housing (RRH to PSH) to provide quick permanent housing placement for clients unable to effectively navigate a congregate shelter • Strategically use available crisis housing beds • Develop shared housing solutions • Strengthen partnerships with the Managing Entity for street -based substance abuse and mental health treatment to unsheltered adults and provide more timely access to detox and/or treatment resources as needed/requested • Develop specialized housing strategies and locations to house sex offenders/predators • Partner with mainstream systems to coordinate discharge planning efforts (hospitals, jails, prisons, crisis units); review and update discharge planning protocols and coordination • Develop and invest in new peer support programming, including employing persons with lived experience • Expand coordination with PATH Program, Healthcare for the Homeless grantees, Miami - Dade Public Library System and others to ensure those community resources are able to function as Coordinated Entry System (CES) access points for persons seeking crisis housing services • Diversify street outreach teams to meet the unique needs of unsheltered individuals, including those with substance abuse and severe mental illness; engage with non-CoC affiliated groups who regularly engage persons experiencing homelessness; promote and facilitate coordination and collaboration amongst outreach teams • Reinforce importance of using Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) workflow to log contacts and engagements for unsheltered persons • Enhance diversion/mediation for single adults with targeted training to intake staff and identification of a flexible fund as needed to support modest financial assistance tied to housing crisis resolution • Establish specialized and streamlined engagement strategies for direct placement of unsheltered clients from the streets to Rapid Rehousing 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 177 Helping homeless persons (especially chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth) make the transition to permanent housing and independent living, including shortening the period of time that individuals and families experience homelessness, facilitating access for homeless individuals and families to affordable housing units, and preventing individuals and families who were recently homeless from becoming homeless again. The CoC is Housing First -focused, working with individuals and families to exit from homelessness into permanent housing as quickly as possible by (1) housing -focused case planning and placement coordination; (2) identifying, and reducing barriers to accessing permanent housing; and (3) providing resources and support to promote the household's housing stability. Shortening Length of Homelessness: Diversion to assist persons who have become homeless to identify and access alternative safe and suitable housing options to avoid entry into emergency shelter, which includes mediating conflict w/roommates or family, flexible cash assistance or offer relocation assistance to support networks; Street Level Housing Placement Coordination through BNL case staffing to place homeless persons into permanent housing, predominantly permanent supportive housing, directly from the street; Emergency Shelter Rapid Re -Housing Strategies to rehouse sheltered individuals and families which include family reunification, relocation assistance, RRH assistance and participation in BNL coordination for PSH placement. Increasing Access to Permanent Housing: CoC strategies to increase access to permanent housing include: Permanent Housing Rental Assistance in the form of time -limited rent assistance under the Rapid Rehousing Program and long-term rent assistance with supportive services for persons with disability in need of greater support; Housing Navigation & Stability Services provide housing navigation and stability services as may be required to facilitate placement into permanent housing as quickly as possible, in a manner designed for long-term housing stability. Preventing Return to Homelessness: Long -Term Supportive Case Management is provided to PSH participants for as long as they are receiving PSH utilizing Critical Time Intervention (CTI), Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) or Targeted Case Management (TCM) models. Expansion of Permanent Housing Options through Local Partnerships: Provide permanent housing options through: (1) partnerships with affordable housing developers and Multifamily property owners to set aside units expressly for CoC referrals; (2) partnerships with Public Housing Authorities who have established homeless preferences for Section 8 vouchers and public housing; (3) partnerships with Entitlement Jurisdictions, local government recipients of State Housing Initiatives Partnership (SHIP) Program, VA and state programs to direct ESG, HOME, SSVF, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), SHIP and Emergency Food & Shelter Program (EFSP) toward the CoC's rapid rehousing strategy; and Florida Housing Finance 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 178 Corporation (FHFC) partnerships and HOME capital awards to create new PSH units and child welfare funds for rapid re -housing of young adults aging out of foster care. Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust, "Priority Home" Miami -Dade County Community Homeless Plan also states the following: • Limit Veteran access to CoC resources only when Veterans are ineligible for VHA-funded housing and services (CoC resources include housing choice vouchers, RRH, Diversion) B. Continue conferencing with VA, SSVF partners and other stakeholders C. Continue maintaining veteran by -name list • Work with VA to encourage full utilization of VASH vouchers E. Collaborate with other stakeholders to fill targeted system gaps (i.e. United Way Mission United) F. Monitor GPD length of stay and adjust as necessary G. Promote diversion strategies for vets using Rapid Resolution techniques • Maintain by -name lists for chronically homeless households and continue to staff case conferencing as needed • Create HMIS-based flag to document and highlight clients with verification of chronic homeless status • Assign likely chronic clients with insufficient documentation to specialized case management to secure chronic verification. • Use a low -barrier, Housing First approach for permanent housing programs; train CoC to utilize CTI model • Expand and enhance use of outreach teams to document unsheltered homelessness and record verification of chronic homeless status in HMIS • Continue targeted case conferencing meetings for high vulnerability youth and family cases • Coordinate with CoC Youth Voice Action Council (Youth Action Board) Sub -committee to further develop youth system of care • Support and coordinate with Housing Our Miami -Dade Youth (HOMY) collective • Continue using TAY-VI-SPDAT youth vulnerability instrument and F-VI-SPDAT family vulnerability tool as part of the CE process • Continue to pursue goals outlined as part of 100-Day Challenge, including rapid placement of all youth experiencing homelessness, emphasis on connections to eployment/education/behavioral health connections as needed; promote permanent connections for youth • Review Youth Homelessness Plan annually and adopt modifications as needed • Complete Coordinated Community Plan for HUD approval as part of YHDP grant award, and develop and fund new projects 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 179 • Work with Public Housing Agencies and Public Child Welfare Agency (PCWA) and its designee to secure, coordinate referrals and fully utilize Family Unification Program (FUP) and Foster Youth to Independence vouchers for the benefit of youth and families experiencing homelessness; secure additional youth and family focused solicitations as opportunities arise • Assess feasibility of creating new Coordinated Entry (CE), Emergency Shelter (ES), TH:RRH, PH, shared housing, host homes or other innovative model(s) to serve youth • Collaborate with Miami Homes for All to continue youth -focused advocacy • Enhance diversion for youth and families with minor children Help low-income individuals and families avoid becoming homeless, especially extremely low- income individuals and families who are likely to become homeless after being discharged from a publicly funded institution or system of care, or who are receiving assistance from public and private agencies that address housing, health, social services, employment, education or youth needs Discharge Coordination: In 2008, an interagency agreement establishing policies to prevent institutional discharge into the streets was executed by more than a dozen organizations, including the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust; Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation; Florida Department of Children and Families; State of Florida's llth Judicial Circuit; Jackson Memorial Hospital/Public Health Trust; Our Kids, Inc. Foster Care; the State Attorney's Office, and; six mental health agencies, including receiving facilities. The Mental Health Diversion Facility: a conversion of a former state psychiatric hospital, will provide a comprehensive and coordinated system of care for individuals with serious mental illnesses who are frequent and costly recidivists to the criminal justice system, homeless continuum of care, and acute care medical and mental health treatment systems. When completed, the facility will house a comprehensive array of treatment and support services including screening and assessment, crisis stabilization and detox services, various levels of residential treatment, substance use and trauma -related treatment services, outpatient behavioral health and primary care treatment, crisis respite services, and employment/vocational training services. Community re-entry support services will assist individuals with permanent housing placement and linkages to basic needs after discharge, including ongoing treatment, housing, medications, clothing, and food. The facility will include space for the courts and social service agencies, such as housing providers, legal services, and immigration services that will address the comprehensive needs of individuals served. Prevention Hotline and Referral for Assistance: The Homeless Trust funds a county -wide Prevention Hotline operated by Camillus House. The hotline connects persons at risk of homelessness due to eviction or foreclosure with prevention assistance. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 180 Legal Assistance: with evictions and foreclosures is provided by a network of attorneys funded through Citrus. Legal Services of Greater Miami -Dade, Inc. (LSGMD) is funded with F&B and provides housing -related legal services, Fair Housing and housing advocacy. Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust, "Priority Home" Miami -Dade County Community Homeless Plan also states the following: • Further develop and coordinate discharge planning protocols in partnership with discharging institutions (jails, crisis units, hospitals) (staff at the court, jail, public hospitals) • Include key funders and stakeholders in By Name List (BNL) case staffing meetings • Develop data integration collaborative of mainstream data systems to understand trends and costs of high system users • Utilize technical assistance to improve Homeless Helpline; ensure metrics are regularly collected (# of calls, calls answered, average speed of answer, abandoned calls, average handle time; average hold time; caller volume trends) • Continue to develop dedicated phone access point for youth; ensure appropriate staffing • Continue specialized behavioral health, primary care, legal services outreach, particularly for unsheltered persons refusing all services. Enhance street outreach with team specializing in substance use disorders and mental health • Continue collaboration with Thriving Mind's PATH program • Continue collaboration with Healthcare for the Homeless grantee, Camillus Health Concern • Continue collaboration with VA and SSVF providers • Continue collaboration with law enforcement focused on homelessness (City of Miami HEAT Team, Miami Beach HOT team) • Support specialized Access Points for persons fleeing DV, human/sex trafficking and youth, unsheltered; ensure Access Points are trained in diversion • Evolve partnerships with community -based organizations to ensure engagement that works toward the goal of ending homelessness 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 181 SP-65 Lead based paint Hazards — 91.215(i) Actions to address LBP hazards and increase access to housing without LBP hazards Lead poisoning is a serious, but preventable, public health problem that can result in long-lasting neurological damage to young children. Lead poisoning was previously defined as a blood lead level greater than or equal to 10 mL of whole blood. However, the Florida Department of Health lowered the threshold for blood lead level from >_10 µg/dL to >_5 µg/dL to align with the national surveillance case definition in 2017, and consequently the data has indicated a significant increase in lead poisoning cases in the last two years. As a recipient of federal funding, the city is required to comply with the HUD/EPA Lead -Based Paint Disclosure Rule and HUD's lead -based paint regulation, known as the Lead Safe Housing Rule. These rules require disclosure about LBP and LBP hazards in most pre-1978 housing units and ensure that young children are not exposed to LBP hazards in Federally -assisted or Federally - owned housing. When selecting homes for rehabilitation/resale, the city will give priority to homes that were constructed after 1978. The city's Housing and Community Development Department addresses lead -based paint hazards by continuing to support public awareness campaigns with the Miami -Dade County Health Department, and by providing information on lead hazards to all Section 8 clients, HOPWA clients, and participating homeowners in the city's First-time Homebuyer and Single -Family Rehabilitation Programs. The HCD has not had to report any cases of lead contamination to the Health Department. The HCD also incorporates lead testing into any environmental reviews done on housing -related properties built before 1978. Based on a residential property's age, the city also requires that the cost of remediation of all lead -based paint hazards be included in the project budget and scope of work as a condition of funding of all single-family rehabilitation cases. How are the actions listed above related to the extent of lead poisoning and hazards? The Miami -Dade Health Department reports 471 cases of lead poisoning in 2023, up from 2022 at 360. Data is provided at the county level, meaning the rate of exposure specific to Miami is much lower. The rate of lead poisoning has increased for the State of Florida overall. This is most likely a result of the aging housing stock. While there are a significant number of older housing units in the city, the data suggests that in comparison with Miami's population the number of lead poisoning cases has been relatively low. Despite this low incidence of poisoning, the city will continue to take all the actions listed above to ensure that residents and households assisted through city programs, especially units with young children, are not exposed to lead hazards. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 182 How are the actions listed above integrated into housing policies and procedures? In the HCD's single-family rehabilitation program general contractors are required to check for and mention if there will be any lead or asbestos removal required during the rehabilitation. If so, these remediation efforts are handled first. In the first-time homebuyer program, disclosures are made to the client from the onset -- even before they close on a home, advising them of the potential of lead contamination in homes built prior to 1978. All clients in the Section 8 program are provided with a copy of the HUD pamphlet on lead -based paint entitled Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home. Also, all unit inspections related to Section 8 include an assessment of deteriorated paint surfaces, and guidelines indicate that all deteriorated paint must be stabilized or abated, even if the property is exempt under the Lead -Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act (42 U. S. C. 4821-4846), the Residential Lead -Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992 (42 U. S. C. 4851-4856), and part 35, subparts A, B, M, and R of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Meanwhile, all HOPWA clients are required to sign and provide a Lead Paint Disclosure form (H27) along with a signed lease as part of their move -in procedures. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 183 SP-70 Anti -Poverty Strategy — 91.215(j) Jurisdiction Goals, Programs and Policies for reducing the number of Poverty -Level Families With an increasing disparity of wealth nationwide and the decrease of federal dollars to support low-income individuals and programs towards self-sufficiency and financial literacy, municipalities are challenged to find new, cost-effective solutions to aiding families out of poverty. Although the city's poverty numbers have slightly improved in the last decade, there is still much work to do. Launched over ten years ago, ACCESS (Assets, Capital, Community, Education, Savings and Success) Miami works with local partners on a one-on-one, customized basis to offer opportunities for City of Miami residents year-round, including offering financial seminars, workshops, free tax sites, training, job listings, and more. The city's Department of Human Services oversees numerous local efforts, including ACCESS Miami, meant to reduce poverty and increase residents' access to the financial tools and education that are fundamental to economic prosperity and success including employment opportunities, financial training, assistance to veterans, and homeless referral services. In the city, these efforts are primarily funded with local General Fund dollars under the budgets of the Department of Human Services. The city also coordinates with the Community Action Agency administering the Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) program specifically designed to reduce poverty. This program is geared towards lessening poverty in communities and building sustainable communities by alleviating the causes of poverty while increasing self-sufficiency and improving living conditions. Funding is allocated from the State of Florida and directed towards eligible households for the provision of critical social and supportive services. The city will also continue previous efforts intended to reduce poverty for residents including: placing persons in employment through its Opportunity Center; hosting hiring events; providing access to childcare centers with state -approved childcare curriculums; extending partnerships through the Live Healthy, Little Havana initiative to continue its mission of strengthening the community's capacity to collaboratively plan and collectively carryout strategies to improve the health of the residents of Little Havana; preparation of tax returns for city residents as part of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) campaign; provided small business assistance; established Child Savings Accounts (CSA) when children enter kindergarten to help build savings to offset the cost of postsecondary education; coordinated with the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) to foster small business development and growth amongst Miami's vast entrepreneurial network; and providing technical assistance to businesses through the Miami Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) Export Center in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 184 How are the Jurisdiction poverty reducing goals, programs, and policies coordinated with this affordable housing plan Activities selected for the Consolidated Plan are carefully considered to ensure a wholistic approach to increasing affordable housing and promoting upward mobility for Miami residents. During the period covered by this Consolidated Plan, the city will select projects for funding that are designed to reduce the number of persons in poverty to align with the poverty reduction strategy above. The Housing and Community Development Department will also collaborate with other city departments and local organizations that operate programs that similarly have a goal of reducing the poverty level in the city. Actions that the city may implement in accordance with its anti -poverty strategy include: • Continuing to work with developers of affordable housing projects that are close to employment centers; • Targeting federal resources to neighborhoods that have a high poverty rate; • Providing tax incentives to businesses and residents that create job opportunities especially for low- and moderate income persons; • Supporting programs that provide education, training, and services to low-income households that encourage housing stability and improve the quality of life of residents; • Continue initiatives to increase the supply of affordable housing available to poverty level families including providing persons who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless with rental assistance and access to supportive services. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 185 SP-80 Monitoring — 91.230 Describe the standards and procedures that the jurisdiction will use to monitor activities carried out in furtherance of the plan and will use to ensure long-term compliance with requirements of the programs involved, including minority business outreach and the comprehensive planning requirements It is the policy of the Department of Housing & Community Development ("HCD") to provide internal control mechanisms designed to review performance and to evaluate compliance with Community Development Block Grant ("CDBG") regulations pursuant to 24 CFR 570, Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS ("HOPWA") pursuant to 24 CFR 574, Emergency Solutions Grant ("ESG") pursuant to 24 CFR 91,576,582, and HOME Investment Partnership program pursuant 24 CFR 92, Applicability of Uniform Administrative Requirements, which includes compliance with 2 CFR 200 whenever applicable. The city makes sure that all activities meet environmental, affordability, Davis -Bacon and Section 3 requirements when necessary. Aside from this all contracts are closely monitored with three types of monitoring reviews performed by the assigned Contract Compliance Analyst (based on the risk level). These are as follows: 1. On -going Review: This review is conducted on a continuous basis each time a reimbursement request package is submitted for payment, or on a quarterly basis (whichever is earlier) of expenditures incurred against the CDBG, HOPWA, HOME, and/or ESG grant. In addition, to reviewing the subrecipient's file on an ongoing basis, the Contract Compliance Analyst, shall review the contract file focusing (if available) on the subrecipient's year-end financial statement or audit, and where applicable, the Single Audit. If the Single Audit contains audit findings or contains a management letter, the subrecipient may be selected for a Comprehensive On -Site Monitoring Review. 2. Regular On -Site Monitoring Review. This review consists of a site visit and will achieve a balance between programmatic and fiscal review. Most of the documentation needed for this review can be completed prior to the on -site visit during the In-house desk review. The regular on -site monitoring includes a tour of the program facilities, meetings with program and administrative staff. As a result of this visit, the Analyst may determine that a comprehensive review is needed for further clarification of one or more issues that arose during the on -site visit. Program staff may be asked to define the strategic plans for the programs being funded and how those plans are used to assist clients in those programs. a. Financial Review Contract Analyst will review the connections between the program budget, expenditures, and actual beneficiaries assisted; including reviewing payroll 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 186 documents for the service period, bank accounts and will check that expenditures are all allowable and necessary. b. Invoices. Contract Analyst will randomly select invoices for review and will trace the payments back from the corresponding CDBG reimbursement. c. Case File Review Ensures that a national objective is being met by verifying beneficiary information. All beneficiary files must be in order and properly show the beneficiary's eligibility. On a typical public service program, the number of files to be reviewed will be the lesser of 10% of the total number of clients served or 20 client files. If there appears to be areas that require further verification, the Contract Analyst may request additional files to be reviewed. 3. Comprehensive On -Site Monitoring Review In addition to performing a Regular Review, this review is focused on a particular activity or program area, such as but not limited to: Financial review for expenditures for ineligible activities; Financial review for expenditures that cannot be traced through supporting documentation; Denial of services for apparent no valid reason; Client/Peer complaints for unfair business practices. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 187 Expected Resources AP-15 Expected Resources — 91.22O(c)(1,2) Introduction Over the one-year period beginning October 1, 2024, and ending September 30, 2025, the City of Miami intends to have available HUD funds to carry out housing and community development activities and also plans to leverage other resources for greater impact. Estimated amounts are dependent on annual federal program allocations remaining the same. Program income and funds carried over from previous years are also factored into the anticipated amount of funding available. Available HUD funding is as follows: • Community Development Block Grant (CDBG): $7,492,757 • HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME): $13,388,177 • Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS (HOPWA): $16,272,865 • Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG): $470,037 Additional funding anticipated to be leveraged includes: • State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program (SHIP): TBD • Section 8: $5,099,800 • General Fund: $743,000 The city may also leverage Miami Forever Bond funds when available. The bond has set aside $100 million towards affordable housing and to date $37,000,000 remains. The remaining $37 million in Miami Forever Bonds (GO Bond) set for affordable housing efforts in the city will be used throughout the upcoming, Five -Year CP based on a deliberate and objective project selection process, city wide requirements, and citizen input. These GOB dollars will be used to leverage other public funding to bring additional, much needed affordable housing units to the city. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 188 Anticipated Resources Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ CDBG Federal Acquisition Admin and Planning Economic Development Housing Public Improvements Public Services $5,090,474 $500,000 $1,902,283 $7,492,757 $22,361,896 CDBG funds are utilized for housing rehabilitation, acquisition, relocation, clearance and demolition, code enforcement, public services, economic development, and public facilities and infrastructure improvements. A minimum of 70% of CDBG funds will be used to address low and moderate national objectives. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 189 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ HOME Federal Acquisition Homebuyer assistance Homeowner rehab Multifamily rental new construction Multifamily rental rehab New construction for ownership TBRA $2,988,177 $400,000 $10,000,000 $13,388,177 $13,552,708 HOME funds are utilized for construction of new rental and homeowner units, housing rehabilitation, and direct financial assistance to homeowners. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 190 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ HOPWA Federal Permanent housing in facilities Permanent housing placement Short term or transitional housing facilities STRMU Supportive services TBRA $14,272,865 0 $2,000,000 $16,272,865 $57,091,460 HOPWA funds are utilized for rental assistance through the Long Term Rental Assistance program, short term rental mortgage and utility assistance, and project based operational support activities. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 191 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ ESG Federal Conversion and rehab for transitional housing Financial Assistance Overnight shelter Rapid re- housing (rental assistance) Rental Assistance Services Transitional housing $470,037 0 0 $470,037 $1,880,148 ESG funds are utilized to fund Homeless prevention, rapid re -housing, and street outreach. Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan assumes level federal funding and program income receipts. General Fund Local Public Services $743,000 0 0 $743,000 $17,832,000 General Funds utilized by the department are called Social Service Gap funds which are approved by City Commission on a yearly basis to supplement the CDBG funding for the provision of public services for low- income residents. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 192 Program Source of Funds Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected Amount Available Remainder of Con Plan $ Narrative Description Annual Allocation: $ Program Income: $ Prior Year Resources: $ Total: $ Section 8 Federal Rental Assistance $5,099,800 0 0 $5,099,800 $20,399,200 These funds are used for the operation of the Section 8 voucher and mod -rehab programs. Most of the funds are for rental payments. Other State Acquisition Homebuyer assistance Homeowner rehab Multifamily rental new construction Multifamily rental rehab New construction for ownership TBD 0 0 TBD TBD State funding for housing activities authorized by the 1992 William E. Sadowski Affordable housing act. The department has not been able to rely on these funds on an annual basis as these can be reprogrammed by the State for other non -housing purposes. Table 58 - Expected Resources — Priority Table 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 193 Explain how federal funds will leverage those additional resources (private, state and local funds), including a description of how matching requirements will be satisfied The City of Miami provides General Fund dollars to leverage, and complement, approved CDBG- funded public service agencies and to provide additional public services that otherwise could not be funded due to the 15% CDBG cap on the funding of public services. These city funds, known as Social Service Gap funds, help stabilize these agencies. The City of Miami Planning & Zoning Departments also collect financial contributions (as stipulated by the current Zoning Ordinance) from private developers who opt for specific provisions allowed by the City of Miami Zoning Code (Miami21) to developments providing a certain number of affordable units in a given project, as defined by the Code. These collections are then dedicated to the City's Affordable Housing Trust Fund (AHTF), with funding from this source used to further the HCD's existent housing programs, aiding both homebuyers (first-time and existent) and developers (multi -family rental and homeownership projects), as delineated in the Affordable Housing Trust guidelines approved by City Commission in Resolution #07-0203. In 2023, the City Commission created the Miami For Everyone (MFE) program. Funded with general funds, it assists communities facing long-term complications resulting from declared emergencies and helps to address the specific needs of the most vulnerable residents and businesses through a priority areas of need including, but not limited to, affordable housing, homeless services, job development, retention, and training programs. The city may also leverage Miami Forever Bond funds when available. The bond has set aside $100 million towards affordable housing and to date $37,000,000 remains. The remaining $37 million in Miami Forever Bonds (GO Bond) set for affordable housing efforts in the city will be used throughout the upcoming, Five -Year CP based on a deliberate and objective project selection process, city wide requirements, and citizen input. These GOB dollars will be used to leverage other public funding to bring additional, much needed affordable housing units to the city. The City of Miami continues to identify funding sources that can be pooled to make a greater impact within the community. Although federal, state, private, and local grant program funds and activities operate according to their own guidelines and requirements, they are frequently combined to provide a higher level of funding for housing and community development needs. For example, federal CDBG and HOME funds can be leveraged with State Housing Initiatives Partnership (SHIP) program funds in order to meet needs in affordable housing. The HOME Investment Partnership program funds can also be combined with SHIP to provide assistance for qualified low- and moderate -income first-time homebuyers in the form of down -payment, principal reduction, and closing cost assistance. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 194 The HOME program requires a 25% match from grantees. The City of Miami will meet HOME match requirements through a combination of using Bonds and SHIP funds. If appropriate, describe publicly owned land or property located within the jurisdiction that may be used to address the needs identified in the plan The HCD currently manages a portfolio of approximately 40 parcels that are owned by the City of Miami. Some of these sites can or must be used to address some of the needs identified in this plan. These parcels each have limitations associated to the type of development that can occur on the individual site. As funding becomes available, HCD incorporates the appropriate sites in a Request for Proposals (RFP) which is properly advertised and then publicly issued to interested parties who have to meet certain thresholds of experience, knowledge, financial capacity, etc. RFPs are reviewed, scored, and recommendations presented to either the City of Miami Commission or the City's Housing & Commercial Loan Committee, comprised of private individuals with different specialties in the banking, housing, private/public sector who volunteer their time and meet several times a year to award funding. This Committee was granted the authority to make these decisions by the City of Miami Commission. Discussion Disaster Response and Recovery South Florida is an area vulnerable to natural disasters mainly related to extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes, wildfires, and floods. Through the years, the city has experienced its share of devastating disasters followed by the aftermaths and rebuilding efforts. As such, the city is always at high alert and maintains an up-to-date Hurricane Plan that deals with preparedness and operational activities prior, during, and after a storm; establishes procedures to minimize storm -related damage and protects the life of personnel and city residents. Understanding that the federal government's function is to provide disaster relief through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Small Business Administration (SBA) to meet short-term recovery needs, the city strongly believes that there are scenarios where assistance is needed to safeguard the health and well-being of its residents by addressing emergency housing repairs and providing long-term affordable housing solutions among other essential services for residents in need after a natural or man-made disaster. o Need to Reallocate Funds in Case of a Disaster - The city is electing to leave open the option to utilize its CPD funding for emergency, short-term assistance and/or long-term recovery assistance when those activities are not fully funded by FEMA, SBA, or other alternative sources. If the city were to utilize its CDBG funding, it would apply it toward activities allowed by CDBG regulations, including, but not limited to meeting the interim assistance criteria defined under 24 CFR 570.201 (f)(2) to alleviate emergency conditions. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 195 CDBG funds can also be used for other public service activities, not to exceed the 15% public service cap, which would assist those impacted by the disaster. While the general rule is that CDBG funds may not be used for income payments, such as rent and security deposits, food, and utilities, CDBG funds may be used as emergency grant payments over a period of up to three consecutive months to the provider of such items or services on behalf of an individual or family. o Funding Reallocation - Once South Florida receives a major disaster declaration, the city shall be open to the possibility of reallocating its CPD funds toward eligible activities to help counteract the effects of a disaster on its residents. Any and all CPD funds available or previously allocated to any activity on any fiscal year may be reallocated toward disaster response and recovery. This decision is left solely to the discretion of the City of Miami as it best see fit in the aftermath of a major natural or man-made disaster. The city will, at all times, adhere to its citizen participation plan requirements. o Utilization of CPD Funding - As it is understood that HUD assistance is intended to supplement, not replace, other public, private, and non-profit sector resources that have already been provided for the same need or loss, the city will be careful to review and document household's eligibility, financial resources, and other assistance available or reasonably anticipated for the same purpose as the CPD program assistance in an effort to avoid duplication of benefits. The following are projects the city will utilize CPD funds for in the case of a disaster: o Public services - up to an amount not to exceed 15% of CDBG allocation for the PY; o Emergency housing rehabilitation - up to $1M; o Homebuyer programs - up to $1M; o Acquisition programs that purchase properties in floodplains - up to $1M; o Infrastructure improvements - up to $2M; o Demolition of buildings and unsafe structures - up to $2M; o Reconstruction or replacement of public facilities - up to $2M; o Small business grants and loans - up to $500k; and o Relocation assistance for people moved out of floodways - up to $1M. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 196 Annual Goals and Objectives AP-20 Annual Goals and Objectives Goals Summary Information Goal Name Category Geographic Area Needs Addressed Funding Goal Outcome Indicator 1 Construction of New Rental Units Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Production of New Units CDBG: $300,000.00 Rental Units Constructed: 250 Household Housing Units HOME: $6,989,360.00 HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ - SHIP: $ Goal Description: Increase the supply of affordable rental housing available to extremely low-, very low-, low- and low -to - moderate income residents through new construction. The city will finance project costs for site development and will offer soft and hard construction financing associated with the development of affordable housing units. The City will ensure compliance by reviewing rent rolls, leases, tenant income files, financial statements, operational licenses and certificates, annual unit inspection, etc. 2 Construction of New Homeowner Units Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Production of New Units CDBG: $ - Homeowner Housing Added: 10 Household Housing Units HOME: $1,360,000.00 HOPWA: $ 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 197 ESG: $ SHIP: $ Goal Description: The city will seek to increase the supply of affordable home ownership through new construction of home owner unit. The focus will be to promote and create affordable home ownership opportunities for City residents. This will be achieved by financing project costs associated with the development of affordable housing units and by providing hard and soft construction financing. 3 Rehabilitation of Affordable Rental Units Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Rehabilitation of Existing Units CDBG: $ Rental Units Rehabilitated: 50 Household Housing Units HOME: $2,500,000.00 HOPWA: $ ESG: $ SHIP: $ Goal Description: Rehabilitation of multi -family rental properties to help preserve affordable rental housing for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income residents. This strategy aims to preserve affordable rental housing stock in the city from continued decline and to improve the condition of rental inventory available to our target population. 4 Rehabilitation of Affordable Homeowner Units Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Rehabilitation of Existing Units CDBG: $400,000.00 Homeowner Housing Rehabilitated: 6 Household Housing Units HOME:- $ HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 198 SHIP: $ The city will provide home improvement and rehabilitation assistance to homeowners in order to improve the condition of existing housing stock and maintain the affordability of these homes. Under the Single -Family Rehabilitation program, extremely low-, very low-, low- and low -to -moderate income homeowners that reside and maintain a property as their principal residence in the City will be able to obtain a deferred loan to bring Goal their property to decent, safe, and sanitary housing standards or to correct existing code violations. In addition, the city also has a home ownership Preservation Strategy that will target the same population but will Description: concentrate on hardening the property to better withstand natural weather occurrences and to maximize the energy efficiency of the home. Whenever the housing unit cannot be properly rehabilitated with the abovementioned programs, the city implemented a Single -Family Replacement program that concentrates on replacing unsafe housing structures by demolishing them and replacing it with a brand-new housing unit on the existing lot. CDBG: $ Affordable HOME: $1,000,000.00 Rental Assistance — TBRA/Rapid Rehousing/S8 Affordable Housing, Homeless City of Miami, Miami -Dade County (HOPWA Program) Housing Rental Assistance, Homeless and Special Needs Population Tenant -Based rental assistance/ Rapid Rehousing: 950 Households Assisted HOPWA: $15,026,120.00 ESG: $152,763.00 5 Assistance SHIP: $ SECTION 8: $4,640,500.00 Provide rental housing assistance through the HOPWA TBRA program, ESG Rapid Rehousing program, and Goal Section 8 voucher and moderate rehabilitation programs. All these rental assistance programs are designed to assist lower income households live under safe, decent, and sanitary conditions. In the case of the HOPWA TBRA Description: program, it is important to assist participants maintain housing stability in an effort for them to utilize their resources toward improving their access to and engagement in treatment and care. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 199 6 Direct Financial Assistance to Home Buyers Affordable Housing City of Miami Affordable Housing Down Payment Assistance CDBG: $ Direct Financial Assistance to Home Buyers: 6 Households Assisted HOME: $1,000,000.00 HOPWA: $ ESG: $ SHIP: $ Goal Description: Assist low, low -to -moderate income households obtain home ownership by providing financial assistance in the form of down payment or closing cost assistance based on program availability. 7 Provision of Public Services Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Provision of Public Services CDBG: $763,571.00 Public service activities other than Low/Moderate Income Housing Benefit: 700 Persons Assisted HOME: $ HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $743,000.00 Goal Description: Provide nutritional meals to the elderly and people with disabilities. Provide childcare, youth development activities, services for people with disabilities, employment training among other programs. $ Public Facilities and Infrastructure Improvements Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Public Facilities Improvements and Infrastructure CDBG: $1,900,000.00 Public Facility or Infrastructure Activities other than HOME: $ - 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 200 HOPWA: $ - Low/Moderate Income Housing Benefit: 10,000 Persons Assisted ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: Encourage community revitalization by investing in public facility or infrastructure improvements such as street or park improvements. This is an area benefit and shall benefit residents in an area where at least 51 percent of the residents are extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income persons. The GOI for this section reflects the number of persons of such area that will benefit from these activities. 9 Commercial Facade/Code Enforcement Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Economic Development CDBG: $250,000.00 Business Assisted: 10 Businesses Assisted HOME: $ HOPWA: $ ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: The program covers the rehabilitation of privately owned for -profit commercial buildings limited to improvement and correction of code violations. Under the commercial facade program, all improvements are limited to those that are visible from a commercial corridor. This is an area benefit and shall benefit residents in an area where at least 51 percent of the residents are extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income persons. 10 City of Miami Economic Development CDBG: $211,092.00 Businesses Assisted: 30 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 201 Technical Assistance to Businesses Non -Housing Community Development HOME: $ - Businesses Assisted HOPWA: $ ESG: $ - SHIP: $ - GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: Provide technical assistance to for -profit businesses in order to build capacity, generate economic development opportunities, and create/retain jobs for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income persons. Technical assistance includes, but it is not limited to financial consultation, permits/licenses, zoning information, infrastructure, business relations/relocation/expansion, business attraction, security improvements, seminars/workshops, general business services, and marketing/promotion assistance. Also included the micro enterprise assistance program. 11 Job Creation/ Retention Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Economic Development CDBG: $50,000.00 Jobs created/ retained: 2 Jobs HOME: $ HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 202 Goal Description: Create and maintain employment opportunities for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income persons (target population). Subrecipients funded for job creation activities must be able to verify that at least 51 percent of the jobs are held by the target population or it must be able to proof that at least 51 percent of jobs were available to the target population. Conversely, when an activity is funded to retain jobs, it must provide evidence that the jobs held by the target population would otherwise be lost if it wasn't for the CDBG assistance provided. 12 Other Economic Development Non -Housing Community Development City of Miami Economic Development CDBG: $2,600,000.00 Businesses Assisted: 60 Businesses Assisted HOME: $ HOPWA: $ - ESG: $ - SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: This project covers activities not covered under previous Economic Development categories. It includes Special Economic Development Activities and other CDBG-Eligible activities that fit the Economic Development description. 13 Homeless Prevention and STRMU Homeless City of Miami, Miami -Dade County— HOPWA Program Homeless and Special Needs Population Assistance CDBG: $ STRMU 50 Persons Assisted HOME: $ - HOPWA: $700,000.00 ESG: $ SHIP: $ 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 203 GENERAL FUNDS: $ - ESG-funded Homeless Prevention and HOPWA-funded Short Term Rent Mortgage and Utilities programs provide Goal direct assistance to extremely low-, very low-, low-, and low -to -moderate income households to prevent them Description: falling into homelessness. There is a high -demand for these programs as there is a high percentage of City residents that are cost -burdened and severely cost -burdened. CDBG: $ HOME: $ Homeless and $ Homeless Person Homeless Special Needs HOPWA: - Overnight Shelter: Street Outreach Homeless City of Miami Population 1,500 Persons Assistance ESG: $282,022.00 Assisted 14 SHIP: $ GENERAL $ FUNDS: - Street outreach activities target a large number of unsheltered homeless persons located within City limits. These funds are used toward engagement in order to locate, identify, and build relationships with the Goal unsheltered population to provide immediate support, intervention, and connections with homeless assistance Description: programs and mainstream social services/and or housing programs. In addition, whenever appropriate, the City may utilize ESG funding to cover for hotel/motel expenditures related to maintaining homeless families off the street whenever shelter space is not available. City of Miami, CDBG: $ HIV/AIDS Affordable Miami -Dade Affordable - HIV/AIDS Housing 15 Housing Operations Housing, Homeless County (HOPWA Housing — Other Housing Programs HOME: $ Operations: 26 Household Housing Unit Program) HOPWA: $118,560.00 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 204 ESG: $ SHIP: $ GENERAL FUNDS: $ - Goal Description: Project -Based housing relates to subsidies toward the operational cost of the unit. Tenants are required to pay a portion of their rent (including utilities) based on their monthly income. The operational subsidy stays with the assisted unit once the tenant vacates it. 16 Program Administration Other City of Miami All CDBG: $1, 018,094.00 Not applicable HOME: $338,817.00 HOPWA: $428,185.00 ESG: $35,252.00 SHIP: $ SECTION 8: $459,300.00 Goal Description: Administration for all Consolidated Planning programs Table 59 — Goals Summary 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 205 Projects AP-35 Projects — 91.220(d) Introduction The city will undertake various projects during the 2024-2025 program year focused on providing decent affordable housing and creating a suitable living environment for residents. The city will utilize their HUD CDBG, HOME, ESG, and HOPWA grant allocations to carry out activities intended to address priority needs in the community. Those funds will be leveraged by other sources including Section 8, state funding, general funds, and possibly bond funds to maximize benefit to Miami residents. Projects Project Name CDBG HOME HOPWA ESG SHIP Program Section 8 General Funds 1 Public Services $763,571.00 $ $ $ $ $ $743,000.00 2 Economic Development $5,011,092.00 $ $ $ $ $ $ 3 Sustainable Communities $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - 4 HSG- Single Family $400,000.00 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - 5 HSG-MULTI FAMILY $ $10,849,360.00 $ $ $ $ $ 6 HSG-Downpayment $ $1,000,000.00 $ $ $ $ $ 18 Affordable Housing Rental Assistance $ $1,000,000.00 $ $ $ $4,640,500.00 $ 7 HESG- City/Citrus/Admin $ - $ - $ - $434,785.00 $ $ $ 8 2023-2026 City of Miami $ $ $13,737,661.00 $ $ $ $ 9 2023-2026 Carrfour $ $ $63,840.00 $ $ $ $ 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 206 10 2023-2026 CIO $ $ $470,020.00 $ $ $ $ 11 2023-2026 Empower U $ _ $ _ $470,020.00 $ $ $ $ 13 2023-2026 SABER $ - $ - $ 215,782.00 $ - $ - $ - $ - 14 2023-2026 Sunshine $ - $ - $ 470,020.00 $ - $ - $ - $ - 15 2023-2026 Care Resources $ - $ - $ 362,617.00 $ - $ - $ - $ - 16 2023-2026 Latin Mission $ - $ - $ 54,720.00 $ - $ - $ - $ - 17 Planning and Administration $1,018,094.00 $338,817.00 $428,185.00 $35,252.00 $ - $459,300.00 $ - Table 60 — Project Information Describe the reasons for allocation priorities and any obstacles to addressing underserved needs When determining how grants are allocated, the city considers data revealed in the housing needs assessment, market analysis, and through public engagement and uses a ranking system to determine needs as low, medium, high, or no need. The city assesses various factors including the amount of funding available, organizational capacity, opportunities for leveraging, and city policies to determine funding priority needs. The priority ranking system is as follows: • High Priority: Activities determined as a critical need and aligning with city goals will be funded during the Consolidated Plan period. • Medium Priority: Activities determined to be a moderate need and aligning with city goals may be funded during the Consolidated Plan period as funds are available. • Low Priority: Activities determined as a minimal need and are not expected to be funded during the Consolidated Plan period. • No Need: Activities determined as not needed or are being addressed in a manner outside of the Consolidated Plan 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 207 programs. Funding will not be provided for these activities during the Consolidated Plan period. There are various elements that produce obstacles to meeting need within the community. Addressing all housing, homeless, and community developments needs is a difficult task due to lack of funding, lack of developable land, housing market conditions, and inflation. The current housing market and economic environment serve as primary barriers to meeting needs. Housing values have increased tremendously limiting access to affordable housing for low-income persons while stagnant incomes have added to the number of families and individuals needing access to services. The city utilizes its CDBG, HOME, ESG, and HOPWA funds to the fullest extent to assist in meeting underserved needs. Leveraging efforts with public and private entities are also made to supplement federal funds and increase the resources available to address community needs. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 208 AP-50 Geographic Distribution — 91.220(f) Description of the geographic areas of the entitlement (including areas of low-income and minority concentration) where assistance will be directed The city's federal grant funded programs for affordable housing, public services, homelessness, public facilities, and economic development are available citywide. The city promotes these programs to residents, businesses, and non-profit organizations that reside in or provide services to designated low-income target areas. Direct benefit activities including housing rehabilitation and purchase assistance will require income qualification of applicants but are available citywide. The city has designated census tracts and block groups that qualify as low- and moderate -income per HUD regulations. If the city funds projects that must meet the low -moderate income area benefit criteria, they will be in the qualified census tracts and block groups. The primary populations benefiting from grant assistance programs will be extremely low, low, and moderate -income. Beneficiaries will also include the elderly, youth, persons with disabilities, the homeless or at -risk of becoming homeless, and persons living with HIV/AIDS. Geographic Distribution 1 Area Name: Citywide Area Type: Citywide Other Target Area Description: N/A Identify the neighborhood boundaries for this target area. City of Miami boundaries. How did your consultation and citizen participation process help you to identify this neighborhood as a target area? The needs assessment, market analysis, and community meetings determined that various areas throughout the city suffer from a lack of affordable housing and that homeless and special needs populations require public/social services to reduce overall poverty citywide. Identify the needs in this target area. Priority needs identified citywide includes creating and preserving affordable housing, access to supportive services to reduce homelessness and poverty, increased and improved social services to low-income, vulnerable, youth, elderly, and special needs populations, infrastructure improvements, and economic opportunities. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 209 What are the opportunities for improvement in this target area? Opportunity to increase affordable housing and the provision of services to provide decent housing and a suitable living environment for all Miami residents. The City of Miami faces several barriers in addressing priority needs including a lack of developable land, a hostile housing market, and limited funding/financing Are there barriers to improvement in this target area? to address a large-scale housing shortage. There are also significant barriers related to Not In My Backyard concerns across the city, particularly in high opportunity neighborhoods. Table 61 - Geographic Distribution Rationale for the priorities for allocating investments geographically The City of Miami determines the allocation of investments based on level of need, scale level of the project, and availability of funding. The plan goals established are intended to benefit eligible residents citywide, therefore funding allocations will not be based on geographic preference. For area benefit activities the city will comply with federal regulation and allocate funding in neighborhoods or census tracts that qualify as at least 51% low -to moderate -income. New construction activities will be targeted in areas of opportunity, when possible, which likely align with CDBG eligible low-income target areas. In addition, CDBG funds are intended to provide low and moderate income (LMI) households with decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expanded economic opportunities. The system for establishing the geographic priority for the selection of these projects in the City of Maimi is predicated upon the following criteria: • Meeting the statutory requirements of the CDBG program • Meeting the needs of LMI residents • Affirmatively furthering fair housing • Coordination and leveraging of resources • Sustainability and/or long-term impact • The ability to demonstrate measurable progress and success The City of Miami administers the HOPWA program for all of Miami -Dade County (EMSA). Miami - Dade County is the most populous county in the State of Florida. The city's HOPWA Tenant -Based Rental Assistance Program (TBRA) allows its clients to live throughout Miami -Dade County. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 210 Housing specialist services are provided to these clients by several community -based organizations, which operate out of at least six separate locations in different areas of Miami - Dade County. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 211 Affordable Housing AP-55 Affordable Housing — 91.220(g) Introduction During PY2024-2025, the City of Miami will continue to allocate CDBG, HOME, ESG, HOPWA, and SHIP funding towards increasing access to affordable housing. In addition to this funding, the city invests and leverages other resources through the issuance of a general obligation bond, the Miami Forever Bond, to build a stronger, more resilient future for Miami. Creation, maintenance, and resiliency shall be accomplished by implementing the strategies that concentrate in alleviating citywide housing needs. As depicted in the Housing Needs Assessment section of this plan, Miami is a city where wages and job growth have not been able to keep up with the increasing cost of living, as such a significant amount of city residents are cost burdened. One Year Goals for the Number of Households to be Supported Homeless 50 Non -Homeless 1,272 Special -Needs 0 Total 1,322 Table 62 - One Year Goals for Affordable Housing by Support Requirement One Year Goals for the Number of Households Supported Through Rental Assistance 1,000 The Production of New Units 260 Rehab of Existing Units 56 Acquisition of Existing Units 6 Total 1,322 Table 63 - One Year Goals for Affordable Housing by Support Type Discussion Goals toward the number of households to be supported for affordable housing will be carried out through the following activities: new construction, housing rehabilitation, rental assistance, and direct financial assistance to homebuyers. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 212 AP-60 Public Housing — 91.220(h) Introduction The Miami -Dade Public Housing and Community Development oversees public housing throughout the City of Miami as well as the county. PHCD is responsible for more than 9,000 units of public housing, with approximately 6,800 located within the City of Miami. Public housing was established to provide decent and safe rental housing for eligible low-income families, the elderly and persons with disabilities. Support services include assisted living facilities for the elderly and self-sufficiency programs for tenants. PHCD also administers over $18,000 vouchers with a portion of those being utilized within city limits. The City of Miami also manages a voucher program with a total of 366 vouchers through Housing Choice Vouchers, protected, mainstream, and moderate rehabilitation. Actions planned during the next year to address the needs to public housing The city does not own or operate any public housing units but according to the 2023-2024 Annual PHA Plan for PHCD, the strategies for addressing housing needs include: • Maximizing the number of affordable units available to Miami -Dade County by and through its housing department Public Housing and Community Development Department • Increase the number of affordable housing units that reflect HUD and local requirements • Target available assistance to ELI families • Target available assistance to applicants and residents with disabilities • Increase awareness by complying with all HUD fair housing requirements • Continue providing fair housing training to employees. Training is provided to staff on equal opportunities to applicants and participants regardless of their status as a victim of domestic violence, dating violence or stalking, actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, race, national origin, ethnic origin, color, sex, religion, age, disability, familial status, marital status, ancestry, pregnancy or source of income Actions to encourage public housing residents to become more involved in management and participate in homeownership In an effort to encourage public housing residents to become more involved in management, PHCD has implemented quarterly meetings with resident councils to provide training on various aspects of resident organization and empowerment. Also, there are several Public Housing Homeownership Activities. FHA Homes Dade County — The application to be included in the PHA's Homeownership 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 213 Plan/Program has been approved and affects part of the development to include 5 units. Heritage Village I — The application to be included in the PHA's Homeownership Plan/Program has been approved and affects part of the development to include 26 units. Homeownership —The application to be included in the PHA's Homeownership Plan/Program has been approved and affects part of the development to include 2 units. Vista Verde —The application to be included in the PHA's Homeownership Plan/Program has been approved and affects part of the development to include 24 units. If the PHA is designated as troubled, describe the manner in which financial assistance will be provided or other assistance N/A. The PHA is designated as a standard performer. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 214 AP-65 Homeless and Other Special Needs Activities — 91.220(i) Introduction The Miami -Dade County Community Homelessness Plan, Priority Home, provides a framework for Miami -Dade County to prevent and end homelessness, which is inclusive to ending homeless in the City of Miami. Spearheaded by The Homeless Trust, the plan includes strategies to ensure it addresses and responds to local gaps and needs and aligns with the Federal strategic plan, All In, to prevent and end homelessness. The plan is focused around six categories: 1. Emergency Housing (crisis care) 2. Transitional Housing (temporary immediate care) 3. Permanent housing (advanced care) 4. Coordinated Outreach, Assessment, and Placement 5. Supportive Services 6. Homeless Plan Describe the jurisdictions one-year goals and actions for reducing and ending homelessness including: Reaching out to homeless persons (especially unsheltered persons) and assessing their individual needs The City will continue to support the CoC's Coordinated Entry System (CE) and Coordinated Outreach, Assessment and Placement Program (COAP) by utilizing $282,022 of its ESG allocation to fund homeless outreach and engagement within the City of Miami with a goal of assisting approximately 1,500 persons in the 24-25 program year. The City will comply with the CoC's CE policies and procedures. The City of Miami's Homeless Assistance Program (MHAP) serves as the front lines in the city's fight against homelessness and has handled street outreach services for the CoC for over a decade. MHAP receives separate funding from the Homeless Trust to provide OAP services in areas outside of City of Miami limits. As detailed in the Miami -Dade County CoC's Coordinated Entry (CE) Process Policies & procedures, the CoC's CE process is linked to street outreach efforts so that people sleeping on the streets are prioritized for assistance in the same manner as any other person assessed through the CE process. An unsheltered client who is refusing shelter may still obtain written homeless verification and referral for services, including rental assistance focused on shortening their homeless episode in accordance with the CoC's Housing First approach. Street Outreach (SO) includes two specialized behavioral health outreach teams, Camillus House's Lazarus Project and New Horizon's PATH program. SO teams provide in -the -field assessment of unsheltered 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 215 persons and provide transportation following shelter or permanent housing placement. MHAP works with the CoC's Housing Coordinator to place assessed homeless persons on By Name List(s) for permanent housing placement in accordance with the CoC's Order of Priorities. MHAP also assists persons on the street with obtaining necessary documentation (homeless verification, birth certificates, I.Ds and social security cards) and makes referrals to community services and resources. SO workers follow the HMIS workflow, which includes collection of the HMIS Notices and Disclosure and HMIS Consent to Release and Exchange of Information. SO teams also attempt to place victims of Domestic Violence (DV) in shelter designed for survivors of domestic violence. Addressing the emergency shelter and transitional housing needs of homeless persons The City of Miami does not operate emergency shelters/transitional housing with the exception of the Motel/Hotel Program providing immediate shelter to families with children when there no shelter beds available. Chapman Partnership, which operates the county's primary shelters, provides case management to families placed in motel/hotel. The City's MHAP teams work closely with CoC shelters to coordinate placement into available shelter beds. Helping homeless persons (especially chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth) make the transition to permanent housing and independent living, including shortening the period of time that individuals and families experience homelessness, facilitating access for homeless individuals and families to affordable housing units, and preventing individuals and families who were recently homeless from becoming homeless again When analyzing the data from the most recent PIT in regards to the sub -populations identified, the two characteristics found most frequently, are mental illness and substance abuse, in both the sheltered and unsheltered categories. This data would seem to indicate that a bulk of homeless persons are battling another underlying issue(s) and as such, are in need of housing and supportive services. Addressing these needs given dwindling funding on a federal, state, and local level creates several obstacles. First, establishing on -going support services for persons who are formerly homeless is difficult. Secondly, unemployment levels in South Florida continue to be some of the highest in the nation and lack of employment is a key factor in a person's ability to retain housing and finally, there is a limited supply of affordable housing units within City limits, specifically for the very low-income. To that end, the City works within the means available and awards federal funds to supportive housing projects within City limits. The city also funds public service activities that include employment training for low-income residents and programs for the elderly or individuals with disabilities, all populations that may be at -risk for homelessness. The city utilizes over $1.5 million of CDBG and general revenue to fund public services. Additionally, the city will spend over $20 million for rental assistance helping 950 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 216 households with housing stability reducing the risk of homelessness and another $700,000 for homeless prevention and Short -Term Rent, Mortgage, and Utility (STRMU) assistance. The city also recently received an allocation under the HOME American Rescue Plan in the amount of $12,720,427 to implement eligible activities to benefit qualifying populations which include: • Homeless • At -risk of homelessness • Fleeing, or attempting to flee, domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, or human trafficking • In other populations where providing supportive services or assistance would prevent the family's homelessness or would serve those with the greatest risk of housing instability The city will use their allocation to develop affordable rental housing to help prevent and reduce homelessness. Helping low-income individuals and families avoid becoming homeless, especially extremely low-income individuals and families and those who are: being discharged from publicly funded institutions and systems of care (such as health care facilities, mental health facilities, foster care and other youth facilities, and corrections programs and institutions); or, receiving assistance from public or private agencies that address housing, health, social services, employment, education, or youth needs The city will use a portion of its ESG allocation towards CoC rapid re -housing and homeless prevention programs. Awarded providers will be required to comply with the CoC's CE policies and procedures as well as Standards of Care for both program strategies. The City will coordinate its efforts to ensure that the City's ESG funds are directed toward CoC priorities for prevention and RRH assistance. Rapid Re -Housing (RRH) targets families and individuals currently in emergency housing programs or living in places not meant for human habitation, for the purposes of rapidly moving them into private market housing. Rapid rehousing programs may provide rental assistance for up to 24 months or other types of financial assistance required to secure permanent housing. Households receive supportive services on a time -limited basis, including assistance with locating, securing, and stabilizing in affordable housing so that they can independently sustain their housing after assistance ends. Rapid Re -Housing also includes bridge housing for homeless persons who qualify, but are waitlisted for placement in permanent supportive housing. RRH 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 217 funded by ESG must be conducted in compliance with ESG regulations. Homelessness Prevention provides cash assistance with rent and mortgages, security deposits, or utility payments, made on a case -by -case basis to help to families and individuals at risk of becoming homeless to resolve a housing crisis. Prevention funded by ESG must be conducted in compliance with ESG regulations Discussion The city also has a strategy for taking actions to reduce homelessness and/or reach out to homeless persons which includes the following goals: Goal 1: Leverage Emergency Shelter, Transitional Housing and Permanent Housing to Achieve Their Best and Highest Use • Strategy 1.1 Analyze Emergency Shelter, Transitional Housing and Permanent Supportive Housing inventory and allocate resources to highest need clients. • Strategy 1.2 Prioritize special populations for CoC Permanent Housing resources, including: o Seniors o Persons with chronic medical conditions, disabilities, or comorbidities o Long-term stayers in Emergency Shelter, Transitional Housing, and Permanent Housing o Unsheltered persons o Persons with high systems utilization o Persons fleeing domestic violence, human and sex trafficking o Youth o Families o Veterans o Tribes • Strategy 1.3 Reduce unsheltered homelessness for single adults • Strategy 1.4 Assess Transitional Housing needs and recalibrate Transitional Housing investments based on results • Strategy 1.5 Sustain an effective end to Veteran homelessness • Strategy 1.6 End homelessness among persons experiencing chronic homelessness • Strategy 1.7 End youth homelessness and family homelessness • Strategy 1.8 Reallocate underperforming, unsatisfactory or cost -ineffective CoC projects to provide new Permanent Supportive Housing or Rapid Rehousing • Strategy 1.9 Incorporate Housing First Approach into all housing types 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 218 • Strategy 1.10 Review inventory of Rapid Rehousing programs and allocate funds based on demonstrated ability to successfully serve priority populations • Strategy 1.11 Review inventory of Permanent Supportive Housing programs ana allocate funds based on demonstrated ability to successfully serve priority populations; expand other Permanent Housing • Strategy 1.12 Coordinate mainstream resources and systems to ensure homeless clients access support services • Strategy 1.13 Create new Permanent Housing options for medically needy and frail persons who cannot live independently Goal 2: Improve Coordinated Entry Access, Assessment and Housing Placement • Strategy 2.1 Reconfigure coordinated entry system to achieve more comprehensive impact • Strategy 2.2 Utilize specialized outreach to serve persons refusing all services • Strategy 2.3 Improve discharge planning from jails, crisis centers, hospitals and institutions serving homeless youth • Strategy 2.4 Maintain toll -free helpline for centralized access to the CoC • Strategy 2.5 Maintain a system -wide central waitlist for placement into CoC funded Permanent Housing and homeless set -aside permanent housing programs • Strategy 2.6 Expand on indoor meal programs as a means to engage homeless individuals • Strategy 2.7 Improve landlord outreach, engagement and retention • Strategy 2.8 Accelerate housing placement Goal 3: Expand Homeless Prevention and Diversion Opportunities • Strategy 3.1 Expand rent/utility assistance and other interventions to prevent homelessness • Strategy 3.2 Establish a system -wide Diversion/Problem-Solving intervention for individuals and families at risk of homelessness Goal 4: Improve and Expand Support Services • Strategy 4.1 Improve CoC-wide knowledge and use of Marchman and Baker Acts, and Guardianship Program • Strategy 4.2 Maximize the use of mainstream and other community -based resources • Strategy 4.3 Pursue alternative to inpatient/residential treatment programs for the mentally ill and substance users • Strategy 4.4 Adopt client -centered service methods tailored to meet the unique needs of individuals and family 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 219 • Strategy 4.5 Improve system identification and treatment of domestic violence • Strategy 4.6 Review, improve, and expand as necessary supportive services provided by/through the Homeless Trust Goal 5: Advance Data -Driven Decision -Making • Strategy 5.1 Conduct bi-annual homeless census • Strategy 5.2 Use HMIS to obtain unsheltered demographics • Strategy 5.3 Regularly review system performance • Strategy 5.4 Enhance HMIS data capturing and reporting capacity • Strategy 5.5 Enhance technology to realize system performance improvements • Strategy 5.6 Use data to access equity of interventions • Strategy 5.7 System Performance Goal 6: Strengthen CoC Governance and Resource Maximization • Strategy 6.1 Ensure CoC Board and committee composition and governing bylaws comply with federal HEARTH regulations and are representative of all stakeholders • Strategy 6.2 Enhance coordination with entitlement jurisdictions to ensure alignment with CoC goals/objectives • Strategy 6.3 Increase public education and awareness in impacted communities/areas • Strategy 6.4 Engage governmental, leadership, advocacy organizations to note emerging trend, innovations and best practices • Strategy 6.5 Engage local, state and federal elected leadership • Strategy 6.6 Further leverage federal, state, local and private sector funding Goal 7: Ensure Continuous Quality Improvement Strategies for CoC • Strategy 7.1 Implement CoC-wide grievance procedures • Strategy 7.2 Implement electronic customer satisfaction surveys and evaluate annually • Strategy 7.3 Review and adjust, if necessary, local performance measures • Strategy 7.4 Conduct "Secret Shopper" evaluation of CoC delivery of housing and services annually • Strategy 7.5 Conduct annual desk audits and on -site monitoring of programs • Strategy 7.6 Ensure timely grant execution, payments to providers/landlords • Strategy 7.7 Conduct capacity -building training to CoC providers • Strategy 7.8 Review and improve disaster response and recovery plans • Strategy 7.9 Ensure Trust -owned assets are maintained Goal 8: Execute on the Plan to End Homelessness 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 220 • Strategy 8.1 Implement the Dade County Community Homeless Plan: 1994 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 221 AP-70 HOPWA Goals - 91.220 (I)(3) One-year goals for the number of households to be provided housing through the use of HOPWA for: Short-term rent, mortgage, and utility assistance to prevent homelessness of the individual or family 50 Tenant -based rental assistance 715 Units provided in permanent housing facilities developed, leased, or operated with HOPWA funds 26 Units provided in transitional short-term housing facilities developed, leased, or operated with HOPWA funds 0 Total 791 Table 64 — HOPWA Goals 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 222 AP-75 Barriers to affordable housing — 91.22O(j) Introduction: The City of Miami, despite its small land area of 55.24 square miles, boasts a significant population of 443,665 (ACS 2022 5YR), contributing to its high housing demand and soaring prices. Between 2021 and 2022, housing prices in Miami surged by 55.3%. Conditions such as in - migration population, the rising cost of limited land, rising mortgage interest rates leading to an increased prevalence of cash buyers, and a minimum wage that does not keep up with the cost of housing have exacerbated housing affordability issues over the last five years. Miami leaders and partners have been working to provide innovative land use and programmatic solutions to the housing problem, such as the implementation of transit -oriented development areas, and assistance programs focused on underserved populations such as veterans and people living with HIV/AIDs. Due to the ongoing desirability of Miami's land and housing market, careful action related to zoning and affordable housing policies are required to alleviate the housing cost burden as the City explores and implements new and trusted solutions. Actions it planned to remove or ameliorate the negative effects of public policies that serve as barriers to affordable housing such as land use controls, tax policies affecting land, zoning ordinances, building codes, fees and charges, growth limitations, and policies affecting the return on residential investment Land Use & Zoning — Miami's leaders will continue to expand upon its form -based Zoning Code, aka Miami 21, and will continue to support incentives including impact fee deferrals, reduced parking and setback requirements, and density bonuses, etc.) meant to encourage the development (by the private sector) of additional affordable/workforce housing. Miami will also continue to target transit -oriented development areas such as stations, stops, and corridors for its various public transportation systems. Staff will consider other ways to promote development of various housing types throughout the city, such as reduced rear setback requirements in zone T-3 when I tabuts a higher -density zones such as T-5 or T-6. Miami Forever Bond — The city will continue to fund projects utilizing the remaining funds from the $400 million General Obligation (GO) Bond to build a stronger, more resilient future for the City of Miami, alleviating existing and future risks to residents. The Bond is meant to fund a variety of projects that align with the City's most pressing needs: Sea -Level Rise and Flood Prevention ($192 million), Roadway Improvements ($23 million), Parks and Cultural Facilities ($78 million), Public Safety ($7 million), and Affordable Housing ($100 million). The city has so far awarded $63 million to 14 affordable housing projects. The remaining $37 million in Miami Forever Bonds (GO Bond) set for affordable housing efforts in the city will be used throughout the upcoming, Five -Year CP based on a deliberate and objective project selection process, city 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 223 wide requirements, and citizen input. These GOB dollars will be used to leverage other public funding to bring additional, much needed affordable housing units to the city. Fair Housing — To address past and present issues of fair housing, the HCD plans to continue promoting education about its housing programs and fair housing laws through innovative and effective methods. The city hopes to nurture and expand its longstanding relationship with Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence (HOPE) Inc. and other local nonprofits to engage and build trust with underserved members of the community. Resilience and Disaster Preparation — The HCD will continue to partner with the Office of Resilience and Sustainability and will consider actions and programs that analyze and assist the vulnerable affordable housing stock in the city. By strengthening a partnership with the Office of Resilience and Sustainability, the HCD can assist in the pursuance of grants for strengthening both the future and existent housing stock against storms, wind, heat, flooding, and other risks. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 224 AP-85 Other Actions — 91.220(k) Introduction: This section of the Plan describes the specific actions that the city will take to address the housing and community development needs of low- and moderate -income residents during PY 2024- 2025 based on the strategies outlined in the five-year plan for reducing lead -based paint hazards, reducing poverty, developing institutional structure, and enhancing coordination between the public and private housing and social service agencies. Actions planned to address obstacles to meeting underserved needs The City of Miami, through the Action Plan, petitions for federal funds to assist the needs of residents that have traditionally been underserved by existing local social service programs. The activities funded are carefully designed to provide appropriate and needed services, particularly to those that may not be eligible for assistance from other local sources, those that are geographically isolated by lack of transportation, and those that lack basic amenities in their neighborhoods. As an example, for senior citizens and homebound frail elderly persons, physically and developmentally disabled persons, and infants and youth. The city also addresses language barriers by ensuring that marketing materials for city and county funded programs are available in languages specific to the populations seeking information. A primary barrier for the city is the limited resources available to address the priority needs identified in the Strategic Plan. Generally, the needs of low- and moderate -income and other vulnerable populations exceed available resources. To overcome this obstacle the city will collaborate closely with public and private sector organizations that provide services to a community or population where there is an unmet need to ensure that efforts are not duplicated, and resources are used effectively. The city will also continue to leverage funds for greater impact. Actions planned to foster and maintain affordable housing Efforts planned to foster and maintain affordable housing include continuing to implement neighborhood revitalization and encourage public and private development; support mixed use and mixed income development throughout the city; make efforts to assist existing homeowners bring their units into safe and sanitary conditions; make HOME funds available towards new construction and rehabilitation of multi -family structures; continue providing rental subsides to over 1,000 residents. With Miami residents voting to fund $400 million in spending to help counter against the effects of sea level rising and lack of affordable housing, residents made a conscious choice to tax themselves to preserve and ameliorate the current affordable 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 225 housing stock left in the city. The HOME program is used to exclusively create or preserve affordable housing and the PY 2024- 2025 HOME allocation of $2,988,177 will be used for new construction of rental and homeownership units, the provision of tenant based rental assistance, home purchase assistance, owner -occupied and rental housing rehabilitation. Actions planned to reduce lead -based paint hazards In 1978, the use of lead -based paint was declared hazardous and prohibited in residential housing. Due to the proportion of pre-1978 housing units within the Miami city limits, the city is required to comment on efforts to identify housing units in which lead may be present and to remove this hazard. Lead is a particular concern in units where children reside. HUD regulations have been unified and now require that lead -based paint inspections be expanded. The reduction of elevated lead blood levels ("EBL") in children is a top priority for HUD. The City of Miami requires that inspections be conducted on all general housing rehabilitation projects involving construction dating prior to 1978. Asbestos assessment and lead -based paint reports are generated from the inspections to identify the presence and location of hazards. The city requires that certified lead -based paint contractors perform the work on housing projects where hazards have been identified, to ensure that safe work practices are followed as implemented by Florida OSHA. In addition, the city distributes an informational brochure to contractors and citizens regarding the use of Federal housing monies to abate lead -based paint hazards. The following procedure will be enforced for all housing units assisted by the city. All housing units are inspected for Housing Quality Standards ("HQS") before housing assistance is provided, regardless of the age of construction or the age of the prospective tenants. The city's HQS inspection includes a check for signs of lead -based paint and dust hazards (chipping, peeling and scaling of paint) as required under HUD lead -based paint regulations. Properties identified as having potential lead -based paint and dust hazards are reported and hazards are abated. Finally, the city provides a written notice regarding the hazards of lead -based paint to each family or applicant who is receiving housing assistance for units built before 1978. The notice must be signed by the applicant and maintained in the applicant's file to ensure awareness of the potential hazard. The city does not limit the inspections, abatement, or notices to families with children under age 6. Actions planned to reduce the number of poverty -level families The city strives to reduce the number of poverty level families by supporting human development and economic development activities that facilitate the creation and retention of employment opportunities allowing extremely low- and very low-income residents to move toward self- 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 226 sufficiency. The mission is to fund or participate in programs that work towards getting families out of poverty. The city also works to develop the infrastructure support to assist economic development projects that complement workforce enhancement. The city will continue to provide funding to organizations rendering social services, housing, economic development programs, and services to the special needs populations. The city will collaborate with ACCESS (Assets, Capital, Community, Education, Savings and Success) Miami which works with local partners on a one-on-one, customized basis to offer opportunities for City of Miami residents year-round, including offering financial seminars, workshops, free tax sites, training, job listings, and more. The city's Department of Human Services oversees numerous local efforts, including ACCESS Miami, meant to reduce poverty and increase residents' access to the financial tools and education that are fundamental to economic prosperity and success including employment opportunities, financial training, assistance to veterans, and homeless referral services. In the city, these efforts are primarily funded with local General Fund dollars under the budgets of the Department of Human Services. The city also coordinates with the Community Action Agency administering the Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) program specifically designed to reduce poverty. This program is geared towards lessening poverty in communities and building sustainable communities by alleviating the causes of poverty while increasing self-sufficiency and improving living conditions. Funding is allocated from the State of Florida and directed towards eligible households for the provision of critical social and supportive services. The city will also continue previous efforts intended to reduce poverty for residents including: placing persons in employment through its Opportunity Center; hosting hiring events; providing access to childcare centers with state -approved childcare curriculums; extending partnerships through the Live Healthy, Little Havana initiative to continue its mission of strengthening the community's capacity to collaboratively plan and collectively carryout strategies to improve the health of the residents of Little Havana; preparation of tax returns for city residents as part of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) campaign; provided small business assistance; established Child Savings Accounts (CSA) when children enter kindergarten to help build savings to offset the cost of postsecondary education; coordinated with the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) to foster small business development and growth amongst Miami's vast entrepreneurial network; and providing technical assistance to businesses through the Miami Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) Export Center in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 227 Actions planned to develop institutional structure The city participated in the Connect Capital Miami effort. The initiative is comprised of dozens of local non -profits, private organizations, educational institutions, and public representatives who convened from 2018-2020 to work together to better address affordable housing concerns in the City of Miami, collectively. The city also partners and collaborates with a number of agencies and organizations to address the housing and community development needs of low- and moderate -income persons through its administration of HUD grants. The city is a participating member of the Greater Miami Housing Alliance (GMHA), with over 100 active members, including residents service providers, advocacy groups, government departments, housing providers, developers, and more. Together, members meet multiple times a year and work to share community information and resources, and to advocate to end homelessness through affordable housing. Collaboration between local, county, and state agencies is important in successfully carrying out the goals and objectives identified in the Consolidated Plan and addressing community needs. The city also works closely with leadership and City Commissioners to ensure coordination in implementing programs. Proper institutional delivery structures are critical to the long-term success of community development efforts in the city. These structures assist in proper targeting of resources, efficient use of those resources, and meaningful change in the number of poverty -level families in the city. The City of Miami will continue to engage in coordination efforts between governmental agencies operating within the city, and continued support for institutional efforts to address long-term challenges in the region. Actions planned to enhance coordination between public and private housing and social service agencies The city participates in a number of boards and committees such as the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust Board, the Miami -Dade HIV/AIDS Partnership Housing Committee, and the Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce's Housing Solutions Task Force, amongst others to be able to properly assess some of the needs of our economically disadvantaged population. Meetings are attended by public and private partners which allow for better coordination and cooperation in finding common ground and an opportunity to collaborate and bring the necessary services to the community. The HCD continues to work to enhance the programs and services it already provides to many of its residents and promotes cooperation among industry leaders from both public and private agencies. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 228 Program Specific Requirements AP-90 Program Specific Requirements — 91.220(I)(1,2,4) Introduction: The following addresses the program specific requirements for the Annual Action Plan. It includes information regarding the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), HOME Investment Partnership Program, and Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG). Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) Reference 24 CFR 91.220(I)(1) Projects planned with all CDBG funds expected to be available during the year are identified in the Projects Table. The following identifies program income that is available for use that is included in projects to be carried out. 1. The total amount of program income that will have been received before the start of the next program year and that has not yet been reprogrammed 0 2. The amount of proceeds from section 108 loan guarantees that will be used during the year to address the priority needs and specific objectives identified in the grantee's strategic plan 0 3. The amount of surplus funds from urban renewal settlements 0 4. The amount of any grant funds returned to the line of credit for which the planned use has not been included in a prior statement or plan. 0 5. The amount of income from float -funded activities 0 Total Program Income 0 Other CDBG Requirements 1. The amount of urgent need activities 0 2. The estimated percentage of CDBG funds that will be used for activities that benefit persons of low and moderate income. Overall Benefit - A consecutive period of one, two or three years may be used to determine that a minimum overall benefit of 70% of CDBG funds is used to benefit persons of low and moderate income. Specify the years covered that include this Annual Action Plan 70.00% 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 229 HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME) Reference 24 CFR 91.220(I)(2) 1. A description of other forms of investment being used beyond those identified in Section 92.205 is as follows: The HCD will also utilize State Housing Initiative Program (SHIP) funds from the State of Florida, Affordable Housing Trust funds (AHTF), and the Miami Forever General Obligation Bond (GOB). The City may use SHIP and/or GOB funds as a local match to leverage additional HOME monies. The City also may use SHIP funds for all of its single-family home programs (down payment assistance, emergency rehabilitation/replacement). The AHTF collects financial contributions from private developers who desire to take advantage of various incentives allowed in the City's Zoning Code. Housing programs include assistance to for - profit and not -for -profit developers for homeownership or rental developments, existing homeowners, and first-time homebuyers. All AHTF funding must be approved by the City's Housing and Commercial Loan Committee and/or City of Miami Commission. The Miami Forever Bond, voted on and approved by City residents, is a $400M general obligation bond that help protect property from sea level rise and flooding, increase affordable housing, improve parks and cultural facilities, improve roadways, and enhance public safety. Out of the $400M, $100M is for affordable housing and economic development activities. To date $63,000,000 has been expended on affordable housing. The city has an open pipeline Request For Applications for multi -family developments since 2019, where bond funding can be requested. 2. A description of the guidelines that will be used for resale or recapture of HOME funds when used for homebuyer activities as required in 92.254, is as follows: If the owner sells and/ or transfers the house before the end of the end of the HOME affordability period, the City of Miami shall apply the RECAPTURE provision of 92.254. a. If the property is sold prior to the maturity of the HOME affordability period, the City shall recoup all or a portion of the HOME assistance to the homebuyer. b. For any 'early' sale or transfer, the City shall share in any 'gain' realized, based on its pro -rated share of participation in the original purchase. Furthermore, if the sale occurs within the first 3 years, the City shall keep 100% of its pro -rated share of the 'gain', from year 3 up to year 20, the City's share of its pro -rated 'gain' shall decrease by 5% every year, while in turn, the owner's share shall increase by 5% each year. At 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 230 year 20 up to the City's loan maturity, the owner shall retain 100% of the City's 'gain'. c. This above share gain proposal terminates in the event of a foreclosure, with the lender required to provide the City the right of first refusal to purchase the loan at a negotiated price. In the event of a foreclosure, the City will recapture any amount of net proceeds available from the sale of the property. In the case of refinances, the City Manager or his designee will determine the amount that has to be paid back based on the funding source. 3. A description of the guidelines for resale or recapture that ensures the affordability of units acquired with HOME funds? See 24 CFR 92.254(a)(4) are as follows: Multifamily Rental projects which have been funded by the City will be monitored according to established procedures during the affordability period and as stated in the Rent Regulatory Agreement (Agreement) signed with the City of Miami. The duration of the affordability period will depend on the total City funding in the project. The Income and Rent monitoring (tenant eligibility) will be based on annual Adjusted Rent and Income Limits as published by U.S. HUD. The monitoring will include confirmation of tenant eligibility and rent structure for the initial lease -up which will be held at the time of the construction close out process. In addition, an annual tenant eligibility monitoring will begin with the first anniversary of the project's Certificate of Occupancy, and as close as possible to the project's anniversary during each following year for the entire term of the affordability. This monitoring will be conducted separately from any property inspections. During the on -site file review, the documentation of a sample of 10% or more of Tenants is analyzed to confirm compliance with all HOME regulations. Upon completion of this review, an exit interview is conducted with the developer/property manager to discuss results. If in non-compliance, potential remedies are discussed to be considered in the Corrective Action Plan (CAP) with specific due dates established for the corrections. If in compliance, the project is certified in compliance for a year. 4. Plans for using HOME funds to refinance existing debt secured by multifamily housing that is rehabilitated with HOME funds along with a description of the refinancing guidelines required that will be used under 24 CFR 92.206(b), are as follows: We do not plan for this, and so we do not have guidelines for any such program. 5. If applicable to a planned HOME TBRA activity, a description of the preference for persons 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 231 with special needs or disabilities. (See 24 CFR 92.209(c)(2)(i) and CFR 91.220(I)(2)(vii)). Not Applicable. 6. If applicable to a planned HOME TBRA activity, a description of how the preference for a specific category of individuals with disabilities (e.g. persons with HIV/AIDS or chronic mental illness) will narrow the gap in benefits and the preference is needed to narrow the gap in benefits and services received by such persons. (See 24 CFR 92.209(c)(2)(ii) and 91.220(I)(2)(vii)). Not Applicable. 7. If applicable, a description of any preference or limitation for rental housing projects. (See 24 CFR 92.253(d)(3) and CFR 91.220(I)(2)(vii)). Note: Preferences cannot be administered in a manner that limits the opportunities of persons on any basis prohibited by the laws listed under 24 CFR 5.105(a). Not Applicable. 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 232 Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) Reference 91.220(I)(4) 1. Include written standards for providing ESG assistance (may include as attachment). This is provided as an attachment to address rapid re -housing and homeless prevention activities. 2. If the Continuum of Care has established centralized or coordinated assessment system that meets HUD requirements, describe that centralized or coordinated assessment system. The Continuum of Care (CoC) program Interim Rule at 24 CFR 578.7(a)(8) requires that a CoC establishes a Centralized or Coordinated Assessment System. The purpose of the Coordinated Entry (CE) is to improve the service delivery for individuals and families experiencing homelessness and increases the efficiency of the homeless response system by simplifying access to housing and services for people experiencing homelessness. The Miami -Dade Homeless Trust (MDHT) is responsible for the oversight of the CE. The CE has been designed and implemented over time through the work of the Homeless Trust Board, its Services Development Committee and workgroups comprised of CoC stakeholders. An annual review is conducted to ensure that the CE's is functioning correctly and effectively. The CE is composed of CoC access points and four key elements: • Assessment of Need • Identification of Housing Intervention • Prioritization for Assistance, and • Referral Possible CE outcomes for persons seeking assistance are: • Homeless Prevention assistance • Diversion from the CoC • Emergency Shelter • Transitional Housing or Safe Haven. • Rapid Re -Housing through short-term housing assistance • Placement into Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) The CE provides households experiencing homelessness access to services from multiple locations to ensure a fair and consistent process is applied across the continuum. Entry into the system may be initiated in person, at a program access point, through the CoC helpline, 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 233 or street outreach teams. 1) Helpline - The CoC offers a toll -free helpline. The CoC Helpline is staffed by the Street Outreach (SO) Program. Helpline staff initiate collection of data for the individual or family's HMIS Uniform Data Elements record (UDE) over the phone and dispatch SO teams to verify homelessness and complete UDEs, housing and vulnerability assessments for unsheltered persons 2) Street Outreach - The Coordinated Entry process is linked to street outreach efforts so that people sleeping on the streets are prioritized for assistance in the same manner as any other person assessed through the Coordinated Entry process. 3) CoC Shelters - The CoC provides dedicated CE access points for homeless youth and individuals and families who are fleeing, or attempting to flee, domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking. 4) Child welfare system - Child welfare agencies serve as an access point for youth exiting foster care. 5) Homeless Youth Access Points - Youth access points are organizations whose primary mission is to provide direct services to unaccompanied or parenting youth who are 24 years old or younger. 6) Victims of Domestic Violence Access Points - DV access points are organizations whose primary mission is to provide direct services to those fleeing DV, including human trafficking. These access points use common assessment tools to assess needs at intake. Upon accessing the CE, the individual or family household will be screened to determine if homeless prevention assistance or diversion from the CoC is most appropriate. If it is determined that the individual or family person cannot be assisted with homeless prevention or diversion, the household will be assessed using a standardized tool to quickly identify an appropriate housing intervention and establish prioritization. Furthermore, assessment is a continuing process through CE and referral to build an accurate and concise picture of the person's needs and preferences to connect them with an appropriate intervention. To ensure that the Process is effective and manageable for homeless and at -risk households and for the housing and service providers tasked with meeting their needs, the CoC anticipates adjustments to the processes described herein. The Coordinated Entry Process will be periodically evaluated, but not less than quarterly. The evaluation will include both provider and client feedback regarding the quality and effectiveness of the entire coordinated 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 234 entry experience for both participating projects and households. 3. Identify the process for making sub -awards and describe how the ESG allocation available to private nonprofit organizations (including community and faith -based organizations). The city has historically awarded the bulk of its ESG funding to the Miami Homeless Assistance Program (MHAP), a city unit that has handled homeless street outreach since 1991. MHAP's staff -- many of whom are formerly homeless - provide outreach, assessment, placement, information, referral and transportation services to homeless individuals and families. They also receive funding from other sources and are an actively engaged participant in the local CoC, utilize the Homeless Trust's master Homeless Verification Form, report all necessary data in HMIS, and participate in the bi-annual Point -in -Time (PIT) counts of homeless persons, county -wide. Currently, 60% of the ESG allocation (the maximum allowable) is awarded to MHAP given the continued trend of unsheltered homeless persons who live on City of Miami streets. 4. If the jurisdiction is unable to meet the homeless participation requirement in 24 CFR 576.405(a), the jurisdiction must specify its plan for reaching out to and consulting with homeless or formerly homeless individuals in considering policies and funding decisions regarding facilities and services funded under ESG. Of the 27 members serving on the Board of the Trust, three are formerly homeless persons. Aside, from this the HCD invited all CoC agencies via e-mail to its public hearings and notified the Homeless Trust of this Annual Action Plan, as well as providing specific sections of the AP addressing homelessrelated issues and activities to them for their review. 5. Describe performance standards for evaluating ESG. As part of the CoC, the City of Miami allocates ESG resources to activities that directly and strategically support the objectives of the Miami -Dade Homeless Trust. Currently, the City of Miami dedicates approximately 60 percent of its ESG funding toward Street Outreach and approximately 32.5 percent of toward Rapid Re -Housing and/or Homeless Prevention activities. The City of Miami's Homeless Assistance Program (MHAP) provides homeless individuals assistance by placing them into appropriate housing and/or shelter. MHAP provides outreach, assessment, placement, information, referral and transportation services to homeless individuals and their families. The HCD assesses street outreach efforts by monitoring its agreement with MHAP. In addition, MHAP is required to submit monthly reimbursement requests with back up documentation detailing the number of homeless 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 235 individuals they assisted for that reimbursement period. All ESG-funded providers utilize HMIS to enter all client -related service information which is then reported to HUD at the end of the fiscal year via the SAGE HMIS Reporting Repository system as part of the Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report (CAPER). 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 236 APPENDIX A SURVEY AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 237 Miami Community Needs Survey SURVEY RESPONSE REPORT 02 June 2022 -19 June 2024 PROJECT NAME: Miami HUD Consolidated Planning •. lam• BANG THE TABLE .07 -• engagementHQ Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 SURVEY QUESTIONS Page 1 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q3 Please select the option that best describes you. 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (8.3%) i( 3 (25.0%) 0 (0.0%) le1 (8.3%) -/ 7 (58.3%) Question options • Resident of Miami • Business owner in Miami • Social services provider • Neighborhood/community leader • Landlord with property in Miami • Healthcare provider • Educational institution • Other (please specify) Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 5 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q4 If you are a resident of Miami, what is your zip code? (Skip if not applicable) Anonymous 4/03/2024 10:59 AM Anonymous 4/05/2024 10:12 AM Anonymous 4/05/2024 10:38 A, Anonymous 4/05/2024 01:06 PM Anonymous 4/06/2024 04:10 AM Anonymous Anonymous 4/12/2024 07:18 AM Anonymous 4/12/2024 09:02 AM Anonymous 4/19/2024 06:57 AM Anonymous 4/21/2024 06:09 PM Anonymous 5/27/2024 04:11 PM 33145 33139 33167 33190 33142 33139 33133 33142 33138 33142 33137 Optional question (11 response(s), 1 skipped) Question type: Single Line Question Page 6 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q5 If you are a public service provider in Miami, which zip code or neighborhood does your organization primarily serve? (Skip if not applicable) Anonymous 4/03/2024 10:59 AM Anonymous 4/05/2024 01:06 PM Anonymous 4/12/2024 09:02 AM Anonymous 5/27/2024 04:11 PM 33130 33176 33142 Model City Optional question (4 response(s), 8 skipped) Question type: Single Line Question Page 7 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q6 If you are a business, non-profit service provider, or other group, what services do you provide? Check all that apply. 9 8 7 6 5 8 3 1 i 1 1 I I Question options • Not applicable • Youth services • Services for individuals with disabilities • Health services • Education • Affordable housing advocacy • Affordable housing development • Elderly services • Services for individuals with HIV/AIDS • Services for victims of domestic violence • Homelessness services ai Fair housing services • Legal aid • Homeowner counseling Land use planning • Employment services • Public housing • HUD grant administration • Insurance services • Residential sales • Leasing/landlord • Mortgage lending • Other (please specify) Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 8 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q7 Please indicate any public services you have applied for or received. Check all that apply. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Question options • Not applicable • Food • Rent • Utilities (electric, internet, cable, cellphone, etc.) • Education • Other (please specify) • Mortgage • Clothing • Childcare • Household supplies/personal care products • Vehicle payments Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 9 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q8 Select the top 5 public service needs for promoting upward mobility in Miami. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 6 4 5 4 5 4 6 Question options Childcare • Employment training • Substance abuse services • Financial literacy • Senior services • Youth services • Education programs • Energy conservation General healthcare services • Mental health services • Recreational services • Services for individuals with disabilites • Legal aid services • Transportation services • Limited english proficiency services • Services for formerly incarcerated individuals • Public safety services (fire, police, emergency management, etc.) • Services for victims of domestic violence Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 10 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q9 Select the top 5 housing needs for increasing housing stability in Miami? 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 7 I 1 1 2 2 I- 4 2 I I 6 Question options • Down payment assistance/first-time homebuyer assistance • Housing rehabilitation for low-income homeowners • Rental security deposit assistance • Rent subsidy • Housing for persons with serious mental illness • Housing for homeless veterans • Housing for elderly individuals (62+) • Housing for chronically homeless individuals • Housing for individuals with disabilities • Housing for youth transitioning out of foster care • Housing counseling services • Energy efficiency improvements • Homeless shelters/transitional housing • Housing for homeless families • Housing for adults with criminal histories (felonies) • Housing for homeless men • Housing for homeless women • Lead -based paint screening • Housing for persons with HIV/AIDS Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 11 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q10 Select the top 5 economic assistance needs to support economic vitality in Miami? 10 9 8 7 7 6 8 9 6 8 8 Question options • Storefront/business rehabilitation and fa9ade improvements • Financial assistance to community organizations • Financial assistance such as low -interest loans to entrepreneurs and small businesses • Historic preservation efforts • Code enforcement • Redevelopment/demolition of abandoned properties or properties in disrepair • Employment training or technical assistance services • Post-COVID-19 unemployment/reemployment assistance • Transportation services to and from workplaces/job centers Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 12 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q11 Select the top 5 infrastructure / public facility needs for revitalizing Miami? 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 6 9 8 Question options • Community centers (recreation centers, senior centers, youth/childcare centers, cultural centers, etc.) • Parks, sports recreation facilities, and open space • Public safety facilities (fire stations, police stations, emergency operations centers, etc.) Sidewalk improvements • Bicycle facilities • Road repairs • Public transportation and shelter/hub improvements • Streetscape improvements (tree planting, art, other beautification) • Sewer, potable water, and stormwater • WiFi • Electricity (underground power lines, improved sub stations) Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 13 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q12 Which areas of the city are most affected by gaps in the service delivery system? Please specify a community, neighborhood, zip code or target area. Anonymous 4/03/2024 10 33130 Anonymous South beach 4/05/2024 10:12 AM Anonymous Little Haiti, Allapattah, Hialeah, Opa-Locka, Miami Gardens 4/05/2024 10:38 AM Anonymous Urban areas, undeveloped areas 4/05/2024 01:06 PM Anonymous N/A 4/05/2024 08:05 PM Anonymous Alapattah, 33142 and 33125 Anonymous Hialeah 4/08/2024 10:32 PM Anonymous West of 27 Ave to 37 Ave from Sw 22 Terr to USI (Golden Pines) 4/12/2024 07:18 AM Anonymous Liberty City 33127; 33150; 33142; 33147 4/12/2024 09:02 AM Anonymous 33138- Little River Gardens- Crime, Homelessness, Drug addiction 4/19/2024 06:57 AM and services for individuals with special needs should be a priority in this neighborhood. Non -Profit programs in the area as well as residents have to deal with substandard conditions in this neighborhood. Anonymous Specifically areas between 36 St NW and 79th ST west of 1-95 4/21/2024 06:09 PM (running all the way to the city limits), Model City, Flora Park, Liberty City, and Allapattah. These community have historically experienced disparities in access to quality education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and social services. Improving service delivery in these Page 14 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 part of the city could involve targeted ettorts to address these disparities and ensure that residents have equitable access to essential resources and support. Anonymous The MLK Jr. BLVD (NW 62nd Street) Corridor from 1-95 to NW 17th 5/27/2024 04:11 PM Avenue. This area is dire need in economic development funding from The City of Miami. Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Essay Question Q13 Outside of increased funding, how might the City of Miami make their programs and services more accessible and effective? Anonymous 4/03/2024 10:> Anonymous 4/05/2024 10:12 AM Anonymous 4/05/2^24 10:38 AM Anonymous 4/05/2024 01:06 PM Anonymous Anonymous 4/06/2024 04:10 AM Anonymous 4/08/2024 10:32 PM Open small local government offices to assist residents with immediate needs. More transparency and visibility Having more community centers and local offices in these communities for certain public services More easy and faster to receive funds ensuring they reach the right people that need them. Community out -reach, Posting on Next -Door, Facebook, Public parks, mailings of programs &amp; services to targeted area codes in the City of Miami. Engage non-profit and community leaders to appeal directly to residents. Anonymous Facilitate the process to request traffic control measures in residential 4/12/2024 07:18 AM areas. The City of Miami allows you to request them using the Public Works Department website. However, commissioners require Page 15 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Anonymous 4/12/2024 09:02 AM residents to till out and sign other torms so we need to go door-to- door in the neighborhood. Make them more responsive to the individual community and it unique culture. Anonymous Cleaning up the neighborhood from crime and drug usage in order to 4/19/2024 06:57 AM have the residents and individuals that seek services feel safe within their community, Anonymous The City of Miami can enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of 4/21/2024 06:09 PM its programs and services through several strategies: Digital Accessibility: Invest in user-friendly websites and mobile apps that are accessible to people with disabilities. This includes features like screen readers, text alternatives for images, and easy navigation. Multilingual Services: Provide information and services in multiple languages to cater to the diverse population of Miami. This can include hiring multilingual staff, translating documents, and offering interpretation services. Community Outreach: Conduct outreach programs to ensure that residents are aware of available services and how to access them. This can involve partnering with community organizations, hosting informational sessions, and utilizing social media for communication. Feedback Mechanisms: Implement feedback mechanisms such as surveys, suggestion boxes, or online feedback forms to gather input from residents about their experiences with city programs and services. Use this feedback to make improvements and address concerns. Streamlined Processes: Simplify application processes and reduce bureaucratic barriers to accessing services. This can involve digitizing forms, providing online appointment scheduling, and streamlining approval processes. Training and Education: Provide training and education programs to empower residents to take advantage of city services effectively. This can include workshops on financial literacy, job training, and access to healthcare resources. Collaboration with Stakeholders: Collaborate with community stakeholders, including businesses, non -profits, and neighborhood associations, to identify needs and develop tailored programs that address local challenges effectively. Anonymous 5/27/2024 04:11 PM Mandatory Question (12 response(s)) Question type: Essay Question The City of Miami can share their available services on social media. Page 16 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q14 What is your gender? 0 (0.0%) — 0 (0.0% 5 (41.7%) 7 (58.3%) Question options • Male • Female • Nonbinary • Other (please specify) Optional question (12 response(s), 0 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 17 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q15 What is your age? 3 (25.0%) 2 (16.7%) 0 (0.0% 0 (0.0%) Question options • 31-45 • 46-55 • 56-64 • 65+ • Under 18 • 18-30 Optional question (12 response(s), 0 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 18 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q16 What is your race/ethnicity? 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 4 5 Question options • White • Black • Latino/Hispanic • Asian/Pacific Islander • Native American/Alaska Native • Other (please specify) Optional question (12 response(s), 0 skipped) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 19 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q17 What is your household income? 0 (0.0% Question options • $15,000 - $34,999 • $35,000 - $49,999 • $50,000 - $74,999 • $75,000 - $99,999 • $100,000+ • Under $10,000 • $10,000 - $14,999 Optional question (11 response(s), 1 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 20 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q18 Does anyone in your household have a disability? 1 (8.3%) , Question options • Yes • No • I don't know Optional question (12 response(s), 0 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 21 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q19 Do you have children under 18 that live with you part-time or full-time? 0 (0.0%) 3 (25.0%) Question options • No • Full-time Part-time Optional question (12 response(s), 0 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question 9 (75.0%) Page 22 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Q20 How many people (adults and children) currently live in your household, including yourself? Anonymous 4/03/202410- Anonymous 4/05/2024 10:12 AM Anonymous 4/05/2024 10:38 AM Anonymous 4/05/2024 01:06 PM Anonymous 4/05/2024 08:05 PM Anonymous Anonymous 4/08/2024 10:32 PM Anonymous 4/12/2024 07:18 AM Anonymous 4/12/2024 09:02 AM Anonymous 4'' 9/2024 06:57 AM Anonymous 412 i'2024 66:09 PM Anonymous 5/27/2024 04:11 PM 2 1 2 4 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 Optional question (12 response(s), 0 skipped) Question type: Single Line Question Page 23 of 24 Miami Community Needs Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 19 June 2024 Page 24 of 24 APPENDIX B OUTREACH AND PUBLIC NOTICE 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan City of Miami 238 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Develo Invest In Your Community and Join the Conversation! Your feedback is invaluable as it supports strategy selections for the use of HUD funds. Scan Me As a recipient of federal funds through the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the City of Miami has the opportunity to support housing and community revitalization efforts, promote economic development and investments in underserved neighborhoods, and provide essential services benefitting low-income and vulnerable populations. The city expects to have available an estimated $107.5 million in HUD program funding from October 1, 2024 - September 30, 2029 (five fiscal years). To receive these grant funds, the city must develop a Consolidated Plan which details the city's strategy for addressing unmet needs and outlines a proposed budget for use of funds towards HUD eligible activities. We encourage residents, housing and homeless partners, service providers, and other stakeholders to provide input on priority community needs to be incorporated into the plan. Participation will help determine the best course of action for addressing unmet needs. Participate at the Link Below or Scan the QR Code: www.fhcconnect.org/miami-hud-consolidated-planning Plan Consolidado 2024-2028 artamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano (HUD) altr Invierta en su comunidad y inase a la conversation! Sus comentarios son invaluables ya que respaldan la seleccion de estrategias para el uso de los fondos de HUD. 0 0 Scan Me 0 Como receptora de fondos federales a traves del Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de los EE. UU. (HUD), la Ciudad de Miami tiene la oportunidad de apoyar los esfuerzos de revitalizacion de viviendas y comunidades, promover el desarrollo economico y las inversiones en vecindarios desatendidos y brindar servicios esenciales que benefician a las personas de bajos recursos. ingresos y poblaciones vulnerables. La ciudad espera tener disponible un estimado de $107,5 millones en fondos del programa HUD desde el 1 de octubre de 2024 hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2029 (cinco anos fiscales). Para recibir estos fondos de subvencion, la ciudad debe desarrollar un Plan Consolidado que detalla la estrategia de la ciudad para abordar las necesidades insatisfechas y describe un presupuesto propuesto para el uso de fondos para actividades elegibles de HUD. Alentamos a los residentes, socios de vivienda y personas sin hogar, proveedores de servicios y otras partes interesadas a brindar sus comentarios sobre las necesidades prioritarias de la comunidad que deben incorporarse al plan. La participacion ayudara a determinar el mejor curso de accion para abordar las necesidades insatisfechas. Participa en el siguiente enlace o escanea el codigo QR: www.fhcconnect.org/planificacion-consolidada-de-hud-de-miami 2024-2028 Consolidated Plan U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD) "IlkY INT 14 You're Invited! Invest in Your Community and Join the Conversation rota; 0 w• • mg. 1411111. 14.7 it. IN owe \ O As a recipient of federal funds through the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the City of Miami has the opportunity to support housing and community revitalization efforts, promote economic development and investments in underserved neighborhoods, and provide essential services benefitting low-income and vulnerable populations. The city is preparing a HUD Consolidated Plan and invites your organization to participate in a provider stakeholder meeting to discuss the most pressing needs of the populations you serve. Your input is invaluable to identifying strengths and gaps in the service delivery system. Feedback will be incorporated into the final Consolidated Plan which will inform funding recommendations for the use of HUD grant funds. Join us via Zoom July 1, 2024 2:30 - 3:30 PM Scan the QR code or participate online at https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83540678131 Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice A Commitment to Fair Housing tor What's Inside: 202: mment Community Profile NOT he rev . H o u s i n g Equity Analysis period begins on June 23, 2024, and be received prior to 7/24/2024, via ends on July 24, 2024. Comments Fair Housing Strategic Plan shall be submitted in writing and must email to: rtazoe@miamigov.com, or mailed to the City of Miami, Dept. of Housing & Community Development, 14 NE 1st Avenue, 2nd Floor, Miami FL 33132, Attn: Roberto Tazoe. Prepared by: Florida Housing Coalition TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3 Purpose 3 Methodology 4 Community Participation 4 Fair Housing Goals and Recommendations 7 Demographics 8 Population 8 Household Composition/Familial Status 8 Race/Ethnicity 9 Limited English Proficiency 15 Sex and Age 17 Disability 18 Segregation/Integration 20 Demographic Segregation 20 Housing Segregation 21 Segregation and Integration Measures 24 Divergence Index 25 Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RECAP) 26 R/ECAP Boundaries and Demographics 27 Access to Affordable Housing Opportunities 43 Introduction 43 Publicly Assisted Housing 43 Market Analysis 46 Acesss to Homeonwnership and Economic Opportunity 55 Introduction 55 Barriers to Homeownership 55 Homeownership Programs 59 1 Access to Economic Opportunity 60 Accesss to Community Assets 67 Introduction 67 Education 67 Employment 73 Transportation 76 Low Poverty Exposure 81 Envionmental Health 83 Broadband Access 84 Accessibility 86 Economic Development 92 Local and State Policies and Practices Impacting Fair Housing 94 Introduction 94 Impact on Zoning and Site Selection of Affordable Housing 94 Land Use Regulations 95 Live Local Act and Tax Exemptions 97 Policy Impact on Equitable Access to Homeownership 98 State and Federal Funding Impact on Affordable Housing 103 Policy Impact on Access to Economic Opportunity 104 Policy Impact on Accessibility 105 Fair Housing Partners 107 Fair Housing Legal Status 108 Fair Housing Compliance 110 Complaint Process 111 Fair Housing Strategic Plan 112 Appendices 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has a commitment to eliminate discriminatory practices in housing and an obligation under Section 808 of the Fair Housing Act (FHA) to encourage the adoption and enforcement of fair housing laws in federally funded housing and community development programs. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.) and regulations in 24 CFR part 1, prohibit discrimination in any program or activity funded in whole or in part by federal funds made available under this part. In addition to its responsibility for enforcing other Federal statutes prohibiting discrimination in housing, HUD has a statutory obligation under Section 109 of the HCD Act of 1974, Title I, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, disability, age, religion, and sex within federal programs or activities. As a recipient of Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME), Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG), and Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS (HOPWA) funds, the City of Miami is obligated to certify to Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH). To satisfy the certification requirement, and in pursuit of equal access to opportunity and affirmative enforcement of the FHA, the City of Miami has consciously committed to supporting housing equality by developing an Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. Purpose Equal access to housing is fundamental to the health, livelihood, and success of residents, and is an important component of the long-term sustainability of communities. Strong enforcement and affirmative outreach on fair housing law and policy strengthens the pursuit of personal, educational, and employment goals at the individual level and supports equitable access to opportunities in the community. In recognition of equal housing access as an essential right, the federal government, the state of Florida, and the City of Miami have all established fair housing choice as a right protected by law. Segregated housing causes unequal education, unequal access to jobs, and unequal income. Studies have shown the relationship between housing, education, jobs, and the ability to build equity through homeownership. This plan analyzes impediments to fair housing choice including any actions, omissions, or decisions taken because of a resident or household's protected class under the FHA or any other arbitrary factor which restricts housing choices or the availability of housing choices. Pursuant to HUD regulation 24CFR91.225(a), to receive entitlement funds, each entitlement jurisdiction must 3 certify that it will affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH). HUD interprets certifying elements to include: • Analyzing housing discrimination in jurisdictions and working toward its elimination. • Promoting fair housing choice for all people. • Providing racially and ethnically inclusive patterns of housing occupancy. • Promoting housing that is physically accessible to, and usable by, all people, particularly individuals with disabilities. • Fostering compliance with nondiscrimination provisions of the FHA. This plan analyzes conditions in the private market and public sector that may limit the range of housing choices or impede a person's access to housing. While this report also assesses the nature and extent of housing discrimination, the focus is on identifying impediments that may prevent equal housing access and limit access to opportunity and developing solutions to mitigate or remove such impediments. Methodology The preparation of this plan included identifying strengths and weaknesses in housing practices and recommending courses of action to improve upon deficiencies identified in the study. The analysis included a review of background data on the jurisdiction including demographics, segregation and integration patterns, existence of racial/ethnic concentrated areas of poverty, access to affordable housing, access to homeownership and economic opportunities, access to community assets, and local and state policies and practices impacting fair housing. Extensive engagement with local stakeholders was also an important component of the analysis. This plan was prepared in accordance with HUD's Fair Housing Planning Guide, Vol. 1 and the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) entitled 'Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing", published in February 2023. Definitions and data resources relied upon for the analysis can be found as appendices to this plan. Community Participation The city implemented a robust public participation process intended to solicit meaningful input towards identifying impediments to fair housing. The city makes every effort to hear from residents, service providers, housing partners, and other stakeholders on fair housing issues and goals and implemented a hybrid approach to consultation by conducting both on -site and virtual engagement. Community engagement was ongoing June 2023 — December 2023. Throughout the development of the Analysis of Impediments, the City of Miami complied with all applicable fair housing and civil rights requirements and procedures for effective communication, accessibility, and reasonable accommodation for underserved and marginalized populations, including individuals with disabilities and limited English proficient (LEP) residents. 4 To support inclusion and provide meaningful access to participation, all print materials and digital platforms used to solicit input were formatted for accessibility and city staff were available to receive and comply with any requests for accommodation. In addition, all notices were prepared in English and Spanish to support inclusion of residents and stakeholders with limited English proficiency. Notices and engagement platforms were also available to be translated to Haitian Creole. Community Meetings During the month of November 2023, city staff presented on fair housing and the Analysis of Impediments at two public meetings to solicit input from residents and stakeholders. Public meetings were held to provide forums for residents of the study area and other interested parties to contribute to the identification of problems, issues, and barriers to fair housing choice. Meeting dates, times, and locations are listed below. Meetings were held in the evening to provide working residents and stakeholders with increased opportunities to attend. These meetings were advertised via flyers and emails distributed by the city and a Public Notice was published in the Miami Herald on November 15, 2023. Notes were taken of the public comments at all meetings and comments received were considered and incorporated into this analysis. On -site engagement events included: Public Meetings Date/Time Place Thursday November 30, 2023 5:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m. City Commission Chambers 3500 Pan American Drive Miami, FL 33133 Wednesday December 6, 2023 6:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. Charles Hadley Park, Community Room 1350 NW 50 Street Miami, FL 33142 Fair Housing Survey A fair housing survey was designed to collect input from a broad spectrum of the community and receive responses from residents across the study area. The survey consisted of 22 distinct questions, allowing a mixture of both multiple choice and open-ended responses. The survey 5 was also available in English and Spanish, and translation was available for Haitian Creole. In all, there were 27 responses to this survey. The link to the online survey was distributed through various email distribution lists, posted on city websites and social media accounts, and distributed at the community meetings. FHC Connect Traditional methods of outreach often unintentionally exclude underserved populations, particularly protected classes focused on in the Analysis of Impediments. The city recognized this and committed to making changes to its planning process with the intention of eliminating barriers to participation. While the city complied with federal citizen participation regulations, a key effort made to broaden participation was providing a virtual engagement experience through FHC Connect. The city made available two project specific FHC Connect pages, one in English and one in Spanish. FHC Connect utilizes current technology to meet the increasing demand for a virtual presence. Outreach has changed, particularly since the pandemic, and FHC Connect is a progressive outreach method for maximizing citizen participation. This unique virtual experience is an all -in - one community engagement platform offering a set of comprehensive tools and widgets to collect stakeholder input and data. The platform allowed residents and stakeholders to engage in a variety of ways through a webpage dedicated to the city's Analysis of Impediments. In addition, the platform complies with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), offers convenience, and the ability to engage at a comfortable pace. These features often increase participation by marginalized populations. Available features of FHC Connect include: FHC Connect 'c A virtual experience offering multiple ways to maximize community engagement, promoting better results. d Peer —to —Peer Participants can engage with each other. Engagement Tools Regulated Participants voice opinions in a guided way. • Polls + Surveys Contributions are made from an individual perspective. + Stories + Guest Book + Questions The public and stakeholders were invited to participate virtually via the FHC Connect platforms which offered multiple ways to engage and provide input. Through these project specific sites, residents, service providers, housing partners, and other stakeholders were provided the opportunity to complete a fair housing survey, a fair housing quick poll, comment on draft documents through the guest book, and ask questions privately about fair housing. Stakeholder Consultation Stakeholders were consulted directly by attendance at community meetings or through email consultation. Direct discussions were had with neighbors and service providers from Vizcaya Roads Homeowners Association, Miami Historic East Shenandoah Homeowners Association, Liberty City Trust, A Leap of Faith including, Charles Hadley Park Neighborhood Association, Inc., Stanley Young Ministries, Mosaico Tenants Association, Curley's House, Charles Handle Park, and City Commission. Email consultations were conducted with Miami -Dade County, the Housing Authority, and Florida Commission on Human Relations. Fair Housing Findings and Goals Summary Refer to the Fair Housing Strategic Plan found on page 112 of this analysis. 7 DEMOGRAPHICS Population According to the Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, the City of Miami had an estimated population of 459,225 people in 2022, which accounted for approximately 16.7% of Miami -Dade County's total population. Growth since the 2010 Decennial Census has been significant, with over 50,000 new individuals residing in the City. By 2040, Miami's population is estimated to grow by 18.66%, adding an additional 85,684 new residents. The Shimberg Center also shows a significant increase in population in the County as well. According to the U.S. Census, Miami -Dade County had the largest net gains from international migration (54,457), and the largest net loss of domestic migration (-38,132) between 2022 and 2023. The net population increase in Miami, the international migration data, and the demographic trends suggests that a large share of Miami's population may be undocumented and remains unreported. City of Miami and Miami -Dade Population Trends and Projections, 2010 to 2050 Geography 2010 2020 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Miami 399,457 442,241 459,225 476,478 502,522 525,251 544,909 562,963 580,603 Miami - Dade County 2,496,435 2,701,767 2,757,591 2,826,904 2,928,202 3,010,902 3,076,908 3,133,584 3,186,897 Source: Population Projection Shimberg Center for Housing Studies Household Composition/Familial Status According to the 2022 5-Year American Community Survey (ACS), the City of Miami has 186,137 households, with an average household size of 2.33 members. Delving into the composition of these households, only 53.8% of all households are classified as family households where there are either couples or children present, while nonfamily households make up 46.2%. Among family households, married -couple households make up 57.2%, followed by female households with no spouse present which make up approximately 29.9% of all family households. Also of note is that of all households with children, 55.2% are married households, 36.2% are female -headed households, and 8.6% are male -headed households. 8 Regarding the age of own children in households: approximately 22.5% of Miami households include one or more individuals who are under the age of 18. At the other end of the age spectrum, 37.4% of households consist of at least one member who is 60 years of age or older. Households with more than one resident where at least one member is age 60 or over make up 37.4% of households, followed by households with only one resident at 36.7%, followed by households where one of the residents is at least 65 years or over at 28.6%, followed by households with children under 18 years old at 22.5%. Households where all members are 65 years or over make up 11.5% of the total households in Miami. Miami Population by Families and Households Total Married - couple family household Male householder, no spouse present, family household Female householder, no spouse present, family household Nonfamily household HOUSEHOLDS Total households 186,137 57,252 12,905 29,992 85,988 Average household size 2.33 3.23 2.94 3.38 1.28 FAMILIES Total families 100,149 57,252 12,905 29,992 (X) Average family size 3.12 3.19 2.67 3.19 (X) AGE OF OWN CHILDREN Households with own children of the householder under 18 35,796 19,765 3,066 12,965 (X) SELECTED HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE (%) Households with one or more people under 18 22.5% 38.2% 29.1% 53.0% 0.4% Households with one or more people 60 and over 37.4% 37.4% 43.5% 38.4% 36.1% Households with one or more people 65 and over 28.6% (X) (X) (X) 28.2% Householder living alone 36.7% (X) (X) (X) 79.5% 65 and over 11.5% (X) (X) (X) 24.9% Source: Families and Households, 2022 ACS 5-Year Estimates Table S1101. Race/Ethnicity In Miami, 72.3% of the population identifies as being of Hispanic ethnicity of any race and this dominance in the region has remained consistently high over time. When looking at race alone, census data reports the largest racial group to be White, making up 45.5% of the population. The 9 second largest racial group is Two or More Races at 32.3%. These two racial groups saw drastic changes between 2010 and 2022, as Non -Hispanic White individuals decreased by 27.4%, and Two or More Races increased by 31.1%. This can likely be explained by both migration changes and changes in how people choose to identify themselves and report their ethnicity. The Black population is the next largest racial group, comprising 14.1% of the total population. The number of Black residents represents a drastic decrease from 2010, when the Black population was 21.2%. All the remaining racial groups combined represent 8.2% of the city's inhabitants in 2022, with individuals identifying as "Other Race Alone" at 6.4%. City of Miami Race and Ethnicity Distribution, 2010 to 2022 Comparison 2010 2022 Race Alone - Any Ethnicity White Alone 284,942 72.8% 201,391 45.4% Black or African American Alone 83,006 21.2% 62,634 14.1% American Indian/Alaska Native Alone 229 0.1% 1,477 0.3% Asian Alone 3,356 0.9% 6,481 1.5% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Alone 41 0.0% 42 0.0% Other Race Alone 15,201 3.9% 28,299 6.4% Two or More Races 4,683 1.2% 143,341 32.3% Race - Non -Hispanic White Alone 39,792 10.2% 53,010 11.9% Black or African American Alone 71,037 18.1% 56,570 12.8% American Indian/Alaska Native Alone 38 0.0% 328 0.1% Asian Alone 3,007 0.8% 5,908 1.3% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Alone 41 0.0% 42 0.0% Other Race Alone 1,035 0.3% 865 0.2% Two or More Races 1,020 0.3% 6,343 1.4% Ethnicity - Any Race Hispanic 275,488 70.4% 317,370 72.3% Source: 2022 ACS 5-Year Estimates Table DP05; Demographics and Housing, and 2010 ACS 5-Year Estimates Table DP05, Demographics and Housing. The following maps show the geographic location of races and of the Hispanic/Latino population by Census Tract in the City of Miami. These maps show population share in each Census Tract by the number of individuals residing within that Tract rather than the percentage of individuals of that race/ethnicity residing in that Census Tract. The "All Other Races Alone" map includes the Non -Black Minority races recorded in the Census, including American Indian/Alaska Native Alone, Asian Alone, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Alone, and Other, Non -Hispanic Alone. 10 Elrownsvi 4"! L City of Miami Demographics: Black/African American Alone 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend: Population Count o - 1,000 1,001 - 2,000 ▪ 2,001 - 3,000 =3,001 - 4,000 ▪ 4,001 - 5,552 City of Miami 15 2 2 3 5:5 4 Mir, fT Biscayner 143 NA, ,v334s 3,1pcount, 6r.,31,4arror xec , • Source: Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. 11 Hialeah r City of Miami Demographics: White Alone 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend: Population Count 0 - 1,000 1,001 - 2,000 - 2,001 - 3,000 - 3,001 - 4,000 ▪ 4,001 - 4,741 City of Miami 0 0s Nei Biscayne, Miami 0e er Island Source: Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. 12 L City of Miami Demographics: All Other Races Alone 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend: Population Count o - 250 MI 251 - 500 ▪ 501 - 750 =751 - 1,000 ▪ 1,001 - 1,300 City of Miami 4 Mi, IfertiS[ayne, 1.1q rka, .3,1p Count,13, L1,S 0,16, Source: Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. 13 City of Miami Demographics: Hispanic or Latino Origin 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend: Population Count o - 1,000 1,001 - 2,000 — 2,001 - 3,000 ▪ 3,001 - 4,000 4,001 - 5,000 ▪ 5,001 - 6,931 I City of Miami Iv W$E 5 OS 1,5 2 2S 3 3.5 4 P9kes Source: Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. 14 Hialeah 0 rownsrilla City of Miami Demographics: Two or More Races 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend: Population Count 0 - 500 501 - 1,000 1,001 - 1,500 - 1,501 - 2,000 2,000 - 2,671 City of Miami 0,5 15 2 2,6 5.0 4 MIF,;; Ney ®Iscayne 5 lIcrth Bay Warn! 6e Source: Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. Limited English Proficiency Over the last decade, individuals who speak English less than "very well" have decreased in the City of Miami, from 45.7% in 2010 to 38.7% in 2022. Overall, the percent of individuals who speak English less than "very well," regardless of their citizenship status, have decreased, including those who are Foreign -Born, Not U.S. Citizen individuals, which has gone down from 75.1% to 66.4% of individuals who speak English less than "very well." Meanwhile, the number of native individuals who speak a language other than English has increased from 47.5% to 52.4%. Looking at Limited English Proficiency by age, language, and proficiency level reveals that Spanish is by far the top language spoken, with over half of the Spanish-speaking population, 52.2%, speaking English less than "very well." 15 City of Miami Limited English Proficiency by Native or Foreign -Born Status 2010 to 2022 Comparison Total Population Native Foreign- Born Foreign -Born Naturalized Foreign -Born Not U.S. Citizen 2010 Population estimate, # 5-years and over 367,139 140,592 226,547 93,527 133,020 % Speak English only 22.7% 52.5% 4.3% 5.0% 3.7% % Speak language other than English o 77.3% 0 47.5% 0 95.7% 0 95.0% 0 96.3% % Speak English less than "very well" o 45.7% 0 6.7% 0 69.9% 0 62.5% 0 75.1% 2022 Population estimate, # 5-years and over 419,095 164,059 255,036 130,401 124,635 % Speak English only 22.2% 47.6% 5.9% 6.7% 5.1% % Speak language other than English o 77.8% 0 52.4% 0 94.1% 0 93.3% 0 94.9% % Speak English less than "very well" o 38.7% 0 5.6% 0 60.0% 0 53.8% 0 66.4% Source: Selected Characteristics of the Native and Foreign -Born Populations, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table S0501; and 2010: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table S0501. City of Miami Limited English Proficiency by Age, Language, and Proficiency Level, 2022 Total Population Speak English Only or "Very Well" Speak English Less than "Very Well" # % # % # % Spanish 293,542 70.0% 140,242 47.8% 153,300 52.2% 5 to 17 years old 32,808 7.8% 27,872 85.0% 4,936 15.0% 18 to 64 years old 205,631 49.1% 101,945 49.6% 103,686 50.4% 65+ years old 55,103 13.1% 10,425 18.9% 44,678 81.1% Other Indo-European languages 26,916 6.4% 19,216 71.4% 7,700 28.6% 5 to 17 years old 3,658 0.9% 3,204 87.6% 454 12.4% 18 to 64 years old 18,831 4.5% 13,941 74.0% 4,890 26.0% 65+ years old 4,427 1.1% 2,071 46.8% 2,356 53.2% Asian and Pacific Island languages 3,185 0.8% 2,319 72.8% 866 27.2% 5 to 17 years old 273 0.1% 184 67.4% 89 32.6% 18 to 64 years old 2,755 0.7% 2,099 76.2% 656 23.8% 65+ years old 157 0.0% 36 22.9% 121 77.1% Other languages 2,267 0.5% 1,992 87.9% 275 12.1% 5 to 17 years old 60 0.0% 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 16 18 to 64 years old 2,095 0.5% 1,899 90.6% 196 9.4% 65+ years old 112 0.0% 33 29.5% 79 70.5% Source: Language Spoken at Home, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table S1601. City of Miami - Language Spoken at Home Individuals Who Speak English Less Than "Very Well" 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend 1 Dot = 10 Individuals • Spanish • French, Haitian, Cajun • German, Other West Germanic • Russian, Polih, Other Slavic • Other Irdo-European Korean • Chinese • Vietnamese • Tagalog • Other Asian/Pacific Island Arabic • Other and Unspecified Census Tracts Q City of Miami 0,8 1 1,5 2 2b 3 3,5 4 MP, Source: Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. Sex and Age The dominant sex in the City of Miami was female in 2010 by a small margin, and male in 2022, also by a small margin. The same proportion of sexes is reflected in individuals aged 18+, but there are significantly more females than males that are aged 65+ in both 2010 and 2022. Looking at age alone reveals that there were more individuals aged 24 and under in 2010 than there were in 2022, and significantly more individuals aged 25 and up in 2022 than there were in 2010 — not just in total number, which increased over the decade as the population as a whole 17 increased, but in terms of the proportion of the total population. This age shift in Miami's population reflects the national trend of an aging population. Baby boomers are reaching retirement age and fewer children have been born in the last couple of decades. Population Count 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Miami Sex Composition by Age 2010 and 2022 Comparison Male 49.2 % 50.6 % Female Total Population 49.5 % 48.9 % 51.1 % 41.6 % 42.5 % ■ 50.5 % 58.4 % 57.5% Male Female Male Female 18 and Over 65 and Over 1 2010 ■ 2022 Source: Demographics and Housing, 2010: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table DP05; Demographics and Housing, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table DP05 Miami Age Composition 2010 and 2022 Comparison 85 years and over 65 to 74 years 55 to 59 years 35 to 44 years 20 to 24 years 10 to 14 years o Under 5 years 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 Population Count ■ 2010 ■ 2022 Source: Demographics and Housing, 2010: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table DP05; Demographics and Housing, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table DP05 18 Disability Although the word "disability" can be complex in its definition and application, the ACS uses six questions to determine if a person has a disability. Each question asks if a person has difficulty with a specific action or function. For each of these six questions, there's a table which provides responses broken down by sex and age group. The following tables provide counts of the population that identifies as experiencing these difficulties. Miami Population by Disability Type, 2022 Disability Type # % Hearing difficulty 10,317 2.4% Vision difficulty 12,757 2.9% Cognitive difficulty 21,166 5.1% Ambulatory difficulty 28,507 6.9% Self -care difficulty 13,017 3.2% Independent living difficulty 20,876 5.7% Source: Disability Characteristics, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table S1810. 19 SEGREGATION AND INTEGRATION Demographic Segregation The maps below show the distribution of individuals by race across the City of Miami today, according to Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data Detailed Tables, 2017-2021 ACS. In the first map, which uses a dot density mapping methodology, each dot represents approximately 10 individuals residing within that Census Tract. This map shows that patterns of racial segregation for the Black/African American population are nearly identical to the red zoned areas of Miami in the 1930s (HOLC maps below), particularly in the northern part of the city. The Hispanic/Latino population is generally evenly dispersed across the city, as shown in the next map. City of Miami Demographics: Dot Density Map of All Races 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend 1 Dot = 10 People • White Alone • Black/African American Alone • Asian Alone • American Indian/Alaska Native Alone • Native Hawaiian/Pacific islander Alone • Other Race Alone • Two or More Races City of Miami 5 Source: Produced by Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. 20 City of Miami Demographics: Dot Density of All Races & Hispanic Origin 2021 ACS 5-Yr Estimates Legend 1 Dot = 10 People • White Alone • Black/African American Alone • American Indian/Alaska Native Alone • Asian Alone • Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Alone Other Race Alone • Two or More Races Alone • Hispanic/Latino Origin ©City of Miami 0; 0;5 � 1 W+E 15 2 2.5 3 5.5 414111es NSA. USGS,S[MA'va+FSatleCeu.0 r0[A0Tsr Gam it Sate.* ...vol.,.A..^r_i� AA Ni£ S.S.ISUS Source: Produced by Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Census TIGER/Line with Selected Demographic and Economic Data, 2017-2021 Detailed Tables. Housing Segregation Though access to affordable housing opportunities changes over time, current concentrations of Black residents, poverty, and health and wellness indicators today align very closely with the Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlined neighborhoods of the 1930s. Redlined neighborhoods in north-west and north -central Miami are where many of the R/ECAP areas are located, as demonstrated below in the comparisons of Miami's redlined zone maps and R/ECAPs map. Research also shows that the Overtown neighborhood has experienced segregation and has historically been racially concentrated by Miami's Black residents. Today, the Overtown neighborhood, in tract 31.00 with a Black population of 77.47%, is still considered a racially and ethnically concentrated area of poverty (R/ECAP). In 1937, Liberty Square was the first public housing development (affordable housing) in the southern United States to house Black residents. Liberty Square is located in a R/ECAP, census 21 tract 15.01, and is still 88.32% Black. History also shows that in the 1950s, the discriminatory practice of "block busting" gave way for developers and residents to essentially take over historically Black neighborhoods, exacerbating segregation, stunting opportunities for Black homeownership, and reducing access to affordable housing. These discriminatory practices still exist today in the form of gentrification, which is essentially reverse blockbusting. In 1953, the Scott -Carver Projects were developed and was one of the largest public housing communities in Florida with 850 units. In 1999, the HOPE VI program brought funding in to demolish these units due to deterioration resulting in 1,129 families being displaced. These families were provided Section 8 vouchers to assist with relocation which comes with its own set of challenges. The neighborhood was redeveloped into the Northpark at Scott -Carver development which opened in 2012 and includes 354 mixed -income apartments and townhomes. This development is located in a R/ECAP, Census Tract 10.04 which has a population that is 80.99% Black today. In the 1960s, the construction of 1-95 facilitated White suburban out -migration from the inner urban areas while strengthening connection points in outer neighborhoods and the central business district. 1-95 was built through Overtown, further suppressing revitalization of that area. Between 1959 and 1974, over a million Cubans immigrated to the U.S., with half of them settling in Miami. The Cuban Refugee Program provided nearly $1 million in resettlement funds, relief checks, health care, job training, adult education, and surplus food to Cubans who largely settled in Little Havana. Haitian immigrants arrived in the 1970s and '80s and received far less federal assistance than the earlier Cuban immigrants. They settled largely in Little Haiti. Little Haiti is located within a R/ECAP, Census Tract 20.01, and a central section of Little Havana is the southern- most R/ECAP in Miami, Census Tract 53.02. Little Haiti has been subject to gentrification in part due to its proximity to the popular Wynwood District, while Little Havana has seen gentrification in part due to its proximity to downtown Miami and the Brickell neighborhood. 22 HOLC Greater Miami Redline Map, 1934 HOLC Greater Miami Redline Map, 1937 AID .I 6- - l'1� STREET MAP OF GREATER MIAMI Miami R/ECAP Map Legend ANapattatt Corridor East Little Havana Condor Civic Center Quadrant Liberty City / Model City Corridor Little Haiti Corridor MidtownlOvertowrvpowntown Condor Sewell Park Area Quadrant 23 Segregation/Integration Measures According to an extensive study by the Other & Belonging Institute at UC Berkeley, the Miami -Fort Lauderdale -Pompano Beach, FL MSA is within the top 10 metro areas with the greatest decrease in segregation between 1990 and 2019. Low -Medium Segregation areas and Racially Integrated areas spread between these decades and is reflected in the maps above. This is likely due in part to the disbursement of Hispanic/Latino populations throughout the city. Despite this shift, Miami -Fort Lauderdale -Pompano Beach was also ranked as one of the top 10 most segregated MSAs in the U.S. in 2019. Nimarimmisrpli 1E1Nul r ■■ .1 r 1111m!i•■i7 111111•11MION fON I- - Tract 1980 Segregationhlntegration - Detailed High White Segregation High POG Segregation Low -Medium Segsegahon Racially Integrated t(uPP' Mirmitaintiwasidn.Vra Apppellial 4 Ent i mil■-ff r lighl MN 4' 4... High White Segregation High POC Segregation Low•Medium Segregation Racially Integrated MIAMI BEAG- Source: Other & Belonging Institute, The Roots of Structural Racism Project, interactive mapping tool, 2021 24 Divergence Index The "Divergence Index" compares the racial composition of a smaller geography to a larger geography. "Within -Divergence" is the level of neighborhood segregation within a specific geography like a city. In this case, it is the difference between a neighborhood and the neighborhoods surrounding it within Miami city limits. Between -Divergence is the difference between segregation within a city and the surrounding region. In this case, it is the difference between the City of Miami and the Miami -Fort Lauderdale -Pompano Beach MSA. The following maps show Miami's Within -Divergence and Between -Divergence scores. A simple interpretation of these maps indicates that Miami neighborhoods are less similar and more segregated in their racial composition when compared to each other, while the city as a whole is more similar to surrounding cities in the Miami -Fort Lauderdale -Pompano Beach MSA. Source: Other & Belonging Institute, The Roots of Structural Racism Project, interactive mapping tool, 2021 25 RACIALLY/ETHNICALLY CONCENTRATED AREAS OF POVERTY (R/ECAPS) The AFFH rule defines a racially or ethnically concentrated area of poverty (R/ECAP) as a geographic area with significant concentrations of poverty and minority concentrations. HUD uses two criteria to determine whether a census tract is a R/ECAP. First, there must be a racial/ethnic concentration with a non-White population making up 50% or more of the area. Second, the poverty level of the neighborhood must either exceed a 40% poverty rate or be three times the average tract poverty rate for its corresponding metropolitan/micropolitan area, whichever threshold is lower. HUD -provided maps show census tracts that meet the criteria for R/ECAPs. Based on the federal definition, the City of Miami has 16 R/ECAPs comprised of 18 census tracts. For data analysis purposes, the city's R/ECAP areas have been categorized into 7 corridors or quadrants. R/ECAP Map and District Overlay Legend Allapattah Corrdor East Little Havana Corridor Civic Center Quadrant Liberty City / Model City Comdor Little Haiti Corridor MidtownlCvertowniDowntown Corridor' Sewell Park Area Quadrant. -1111 V/ 71.9111 ION itivolknil 1.2 bike kliteimrimisb � �>�. r5 immilhopsb,. ENFAEMWILVIORINSAMPAP jt rimAntrammallt R111911EIMIlitairig i J 2 26 R/ECAP Boundaries and Demographics City Commission District 1 Allapattah Corridor The Allapattah Corridor includes census tracts 24.04 and 25.01. The Allapattah Corridor is bordered by the Airport Expressway and NW 36th Street to the north, NW 28th Street to the south, NW 10th Avenue to the east, and NW 22nd Avenue to the west. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 11,469 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity (of any race) at 89%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are primarily renter occupied. Fifty percent of households in census tract 25.01 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs) and 59% of households in census tract 24.04 are cost burdened. An average of 33% of individuals in this R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level with 41% of those individuals residing in census tract 24.04. 27 Census Tract 24.04 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hisparic 5,537 3,337 569 310 1,284 5,070 Households Total Owner Renter 2,451 13% 87% Economic Median Household Income Individuals living Below the Poverty Level Unemplovrrent Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) S 1E,.515 41% 8.2% 599 Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) Census Tract 25.0 Demographics Total Population White Black Other T.t•..o or \gore His: aric .5,932 2,.369 729 9.58 1,876 5,- 18 Households Total Owner Reiter 1,845 32% 68% Economic Median Household Income Irbdividuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) S32,535 24% 11.7% 50% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) 28 Civic Center Quadrant The Civic Center Quadrant R/ECAP includes census tract 30.01. The Civic Center Quadrant is bordered by NW 20th Street to the north, the Miami River and NW South River Drive to the south, NW 7th Avenue to the east, and NW 12th Avenue to the west. The total population for this quadrant is 3,001 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity at 69%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are primarily renter occupied. Sixty percent of households in census tract 30.01 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 43% of individuals in this R/ECAP quadrant are living below the poverty level. b 2 02 31 30 J 1 1 29 Census Tract 30.01 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 3.001 1,550 438 12 870 2,067 Households Total Owner Renter 1,430 21% 79% Economic Median Household Income Irdkiide.ials Living Below the Po•o.•er:y Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $24,823 43 b, 4.8% 60% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) Sewell Park (North) Quadrant The Sewell Park (North) Quadrant includes census tract 51.04. This quadrant is bordered by the North Fork Miami River and NE 16th Street Road to the north, NW 11th Street to the south, NW 22nd Avenue to the east, and Unity Boulevard/Florida State Road 9 to the west. The total population for this quadrant is 4,223 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity at 87%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are primarily renter occupied. Fifty-eight percent of households in census tract 51.04 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 35% of individuals in this R/ECAP quadrant are living below the poverty level. 30 Census Tract 51_04 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Twa or More Hispanic 4,223 2,440 461 389 933 3,661 Households Total Owner Renter 1,824 16 84% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying mare 30%) $29.886 35� %. 1' 58% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) 31 City Commission District 3 East Little Havana Corridor The East Little Havana Corridor includes census tracts 53.05 and 53.06. This corridor is bordered by W. Flagler Street/Florida State Road 968 to the north, Florida State Road 90/U.S. Route 41 to the south, SW 8th Avenue to the east, and SW 12th Avenue to the west. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 8,494 which is primarily represented by individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity (of any race) at 92%. The homes in the R/ECAP area are majority renter occupied at 98%. Sixty-four percent of households in census tract 53.05 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs) and 76% experience cost burden in census tract 53.06. An average of 30% of individuals in this R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. 52013 \202d 52022 3 031 53031 042 53041\ SW 1 ST ST 53052 53062 53051 53061 36041 604 i4031 66072 660 N 6E 32 Census Tract Demographics Total Population White Black Other T'.vo or More Hisparic 4,.155 2,652 97 156 1,0882 3,826 Households Total Owner Renter- 1,912 2% 98 t<< Economic Median Household income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level UnemploymentCost Rate Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $31,199 30% 6.8% 64-. Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hisoaric 4.339 2.424 206 246 1,463 3,991 Households Total Owner Renter 2,013 2'J 98% Economic Median Household Income Individuals living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) 30% 3.7% 76% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101 City Commission District 5 Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor The Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor includes census tracts 28, 31, 34, 36.06, and 36.07. This corridor is bordered by NW 28th Street to the north, down to the Miami River below SW 3rd 33 Street to the south, Arena Blvd./NW 15t Avenue/SW 15t Avenue/Riverfront Aly to the east, and I- 95 and NW 7th Avenue to the west. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 13,729 which is primarily Black in census tracts 28, 31, and 34 at 61% and White in census tracts 36.06 and 36.07 at 56%. All tracts within the R/ECAP corridor also have a large representation of individuals identifying as Hispanic ethnicity (of any race) at 50%. The homes in the R/ECAP areas are primarily renter occupied. Fifty percent of households within the R/ECAP corridor are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs) across all census tracts. An average of 42% of individuals in the R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. Census tract 28 has the largest percentage of individuals living below the poverty level, within the R/ECAP corridor, at 56%. 34 nsus Tract 2S Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or Mare Hispanic 1,076 290 421 180 166 605 Households Iota I Owner Renter 401 1% 99% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $30,701 56% 17.5% 66% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) Census Tract 3 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 5,563 1,259 3,851 20 411 1,825 Households Total Owner Renter 1,780 12% 88% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $ 2 6, 229 4-8% 2 7.5 51% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101 35 Census Tract 34 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 3,118 960 1,632 85 382 1,541 Households Total Owner Renter 1,522 3% 97% Economic Median Household Income Individuals living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) 530,875 28% 6.7% 71% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) Census Tract 36.06 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 1;935 1.197 137 221 383 1,536 Households Total Owner Renter 1,210 0% 100% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $16, 268 40% 6.0% 70% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) 36 Census Tract 36.07 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 2,034 1,022 661 296 100 1,354 Households Total Owner Renter 925 8°lam 92% Economic Median Household Income Individuals living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $25,268 40% 11.3% 74% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) Liberty City/Model City Corridor The Liberty City/Model City Corridor includes census tract 10.04 block group 1, census tract 15.01, and census tract 18.01 block group 2. This R/ECAP corridor is bordered by NW 79th Street to the north, NW 54th Street to the south, 1-95 to the east, and NW 19th Avenue to the west. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 4,772 which is primarily Black across all census tracts and block groups at 79%. The homes in the R/ECAP areas are primarily renter occupied in tracts 10.04 (BG 1) and 15.01 and primarily owner -occupied in tract 18.01 (BG 2). Forty percent of households in tract 15.01 are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 40% of individuals in the R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. Census tract 18.01 (BG 2) has the largest percentage of individuals living below the poverty level, within the R/ECAP corridor, at 48%. 37 Census Tract 10.04 Block Group 1 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 1,041 23 943 48 9 71 Households Total Owner Renter 331 34% 66% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $42,656 30-=" 16.7% - Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) 38 Census Tract 15_01 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hisparic 2,706 140 2,211 0 323 251 Households Total Owner Renter 974 27% 73% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $ 24, 500 45% 21.5% 40% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) Census Tract 1B_D1 Block Group 2 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 1,025 25 623 5 7 359 Households Total Owner Renter 509 70% 30% Economic Median Household Income Individuals living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) S37,.319 48=-: 15,8% - Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) 39 Little Haiti Corridor The Little Haiti Corridor includes census tract 14.01, 14.02, 20.01, and 20.03. This R/ECAP corridor is bordered by the Little River Canal just above NE 84th Street to the north, NW 54th Street to the south, NE 4th Court to the east, and 1-95 to the west. The total population for this corridor of R/ECAPs is 20,036 which is primarily Black across all census tracts at 69%. The homes in the R/ECAP areas are primarily renter occupied. Over 50% of households, for nearly all tracts, in the R/ECAP corridor are experiencing cost burden (paying more than 30% for housing costs). An average of 38% of individuals in the R/ECAP corridor are living below the poverty level. Census tract 20.03 has the largest percentage of individuals living below the poverty level, within the R/ECAP corridor, at 50%. 40 Census Tract 14_01 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hisparic 6,871 519 5,552 458 342 1,386 Households Total Owner Renter 2,132 14% 8 6 : Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $22,287 40:-: 11.4°% 53'i Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) Census T Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hisparic 6,320 1,563 3,710 278 769 2,551 Households Total Owner Renter 2,443 1996 81% Economic Median Household Income Individuals living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) S35,559 27 ;�. 7.7% 56% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) 41 Census Tract 20.01 Demographics Total Population White Black Other Two or More Hispanic 3,884 412 2,829 173 74 671 Households Total Owner Renter 1,386 17% 33% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Poverty Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $ 2 2, 020 34% 13. 2 % 49% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) WCensus Tract 2a_03 Demographics Total Po .u.ation White B.ac< Other Two or More Hispanic 2,961 644 1,304 253 260 960 Households Total Owner Renter 1.215 16% 84% Economic Median Household Income Individuals Living Below the Povv.verTy Level Unemployment Rate Cost Burdened Households (paying more 30%) $2C,202 50 = 19.6% 60% Source: ACS Five -Year Estimates 2017-2021 (Tables DP03, DP05, S1101) 42 ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES Introduction Access to affordable housing provides stability which promotes economic self-sufficiency and upward mobility. By improving the quality of life for residents, affordable housing is the pathway to better health, adequate employment, financial stability, and population diversity. This portion of the analysis examines the availability of affordable housing opportunities to individuals and families at various income levels and identifies where within the city there is greater access to affordable housing. Housing affordability, for the purposes of this analysis, will be defined in accordance with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) definition which states that "affordable housing is generally defined as housing on which the occupant is paying no more than 30% of gross income for housing costs, including utilities." The analysis will review the housing cost burden (e.g., more than 30 percent of monthly income) and severe housing cost burden (e.g., more than 50 percent of monthly income) experienced by households and will consider how the age of the housing stock and potential substandard housing conditions can impact access to affordable housing. Publicly Assisted Housing Publicly assisted housing is defined as single- and multi -family residential properties or units that have been developed or rehabilitated using federal, state, or local subsidy, and are therefore bound to income and rent restrictions. Publicly assisted housing is available throughout the city, but is concentrated in City Commission Districts 1, 3, and 5, particularly in the central part of the city in the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown, Allapattah, and Little Havana R/ECAP Corridors. A total of 246 publicly assisted properties and 24,794 total units are located in Miami as of 2024 reporting. However, as reported in the most recent Assisted Housing Inventory report compiled by the Shimberg Center, of the 165 properties for which there are available subsidy expiration dates, one property aged -out in 2022, two properties aged -out in 2023, and four properties aged -out in 2024. An additional 10 properties are aging out by 2030, for a total of 650 units lost between 2022 and 2030. In addition, as of the 2024 list, 18 of these properties are "Not Ready for Occupancy." 43 Assisted Housing Properties and Unit by Funder, Located in the City of Miami 5-30-24 Total Total Assisted Properties 246 Total Assisted Units 24,794 Properties w/FHFC Funding 139 Properties w/HUD Multifamily Funding 88 Properties w/HUD Public Housing Funding 27 Properties w/Local Housing Finance Authority Funding 42 Properties with Other Local Funding (City of Miami, CRA, Miami -Dade County, NSP, MDC Surtax, etc.) ONLY 14 Properties with 1 funder (No Other Local) 184 Properties with 2 funders (No Other Local) 32 Properties with 3 funders (No Other Local) 16 Source: Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, Assisted Housing Inventory, utilizing various sources with years of last update primarily between 2018 and 2023; City of Miami list of locally funded only properties, provided 5/30/24 Assisted Housing Units and Properties Lost between 2022 and 2030 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Total Lost Properties Lost 1 2 4 2 4 0 2 1 1 17 Units Lost 48 39 89 122 137 0 133 79 3 650 Source: Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, Assisted Housing Inventory, utilizing various sources with years of last update primarily between 2018 and 2023 Most of these rental properties are multi -family developments with units available to low-income families (135 properties), and many are set -aside for elderly renters (84 properties). There are a few properties that are for homeless households (13 properties) and for individuals with disabilities (6 properties, plus 42 properties participating in the LINK program for persons with special needs). Hispanic households of any race make up the majority of those in Public Housing units (2,975 households, or 64%), project -based Section 8 units (2,088 households, or 86%), and other subsidized multifamily rentals (741 households, or 90%), and are the majority of HCV-holders (3,864 households, or 66%). Black households make up the second largest demographic, with 1,608 households in public housing (35%), 273 households in project -based section 8 units (11%), 59 households in other subsidized multifamily rentals (7%), and 1,916 households with Housing 44 Choice Vouchers (32%). Both White and Asian/Pacific Islander households together make up less than 5% of participants for all four programs. In 2023, the Miami -Dade Public Housing Authority reported the following demographics breakdown of their Housing Choice Voucher program within the county. Black residents make up the majority of HCV-users in the county with 10,186 individuals making up 52.33% of HCV-users. The split between Hispanic versus Non -Hispanic HCV-users is about even, with 9,515 Hispanic individuals and 9,736 Non -Hispanic individuals. Individuals aged 62 and older using vouchers represent 44.66% of total HCV-users, and individuals that are disabled represent 47.67% of total H CV-u se rs. The City of Miami also provides a Senior Rental Assistance Program, providing up to $500/month for up to one or two years to qualified seniors age 62+. Seniors in the program must make 50% AMI, spend their income on housing costs, and live in rental housing within the City of Miami limits. The application period for this program is closed. Applicants were selected through a lottery. 4 smr tnternsna Avort Subsidised Housing - MirkerS.i.crimpisf:Umte-Cf Units ' >• • Assisted Housing • Pubic Hous;rg Source: University of Miami, Miami Affordability Project 45 Miami -Dade Public Housing Authority HCV Resident Demographics in Miami -Dade County # % Age Age 62 and older 8,598 44.66% Under 62 10,653 55.34% Disability Disabled and 62 and over 6,647 34.53% Disabled and Under 62 of age 2,259 13.14% Non -disabled 10,075 52.33% Race White 9,014 46.82% Black 10,186 52.91% Ethnicity Hispanic 9,515 49.43% Non -Hispanic 9,736 50.57% Source: Correspondence with Miami -Dade Public Housing Authority staff on 11/27/2023. HCV Leasing by County Commission District Within Miami City Limits County Commission District Total # of Leases % of Total Leases District 2 3,113 16% District 3 3,178 16% District 5 2,490 13% District 6 697 4% District 7 377 2% Total 19,360 100% Source: Correspondence with Miami -Dade Public Housing Authority staff on 11/27/2023. Market Analysis Data shows that Miami is severely lacking access to affordable housing, particularly for renters, due to a combination of factors including in -migration of people relocating from other parts of the country, aging housing stock, reduced wages, increased rents, and inflation. According to data from Realtor.com, Miami was the fastest growing market in the nation with an increase of 55.3% year -over -year from 2021 to 2022. The median rent for a typical 0-to-2-bedroom unit in February 2022 was twice as high as the estimated maximum affordable rent for the median household; the median rent was $2,929 versus the calculated maximum affordable rent at the current household income of $1,476. Families looking to rent making the typical household income in Miami would spend 59.5% of their monthly paycheck on a typical rental. 46 COVID-19 changed the housing market significantly, exacerbating the affordable housing crisis. Access to affordable rental housing is very competitive and subsidy programs are maxing out funds and voucher allocations. The demand for rental assistance far exceeds resources. Homeownership is also fleeting for all protected classes and all income categories given housing costs, insurance costs, and escalating property taxes in line with escalating assessments, particularly for low-income populations. Post pandemic, the housing market in Miami has not leveled out. Housing values and rents remain high with expectations that the market will stay that way for the foreseeable future. The city continues to seek solutions that are market responsive and that will increase access to affordable housing and support fair housing choice for its residents. Miami -Dade County Commission Districts Overlapping Miami City Boundary 47 Median Rent ▪ $1,542 - $2,001 ▪ S1,099 - $1,541 1789 - $1.098 $537 - $788 S99 $536 Source: eGIS Community Assessment Reporting Tool, Local Government: Miami City, Median Rent; last updated 2019. Housing Cost Burden Housing cost burden is defined by HUD as when a household pays over 30% of their household income on the cost of housing, including the mortgage/rent, and associated costs like utilities and insurance. The tables below depict the housing cost burden profile for the City of Miami by income category. Data shows that out of 188,569 households, 8,093 extremely low-income households (0-30% AMI) are cost burdened, and 37,869 are severely cost burden. For very -low- income households (31-50% AMI), 14,960 are cost burdened and 12,355 are severely cost burdened. And for low-income households (51-80% AMI) 12,390 are cost burdened and 4,138 are severely cost burdened. The table below indicates that 102,529 households representing 54% of all households experience cost burden while 56,243 households representing 30% of all households are severely cost burdened. According to the cost burden map below, nearly the entire city is cost -burdened. The areas with the highest concentration of cost -burdened households are a large region in the northern part of Miami, a large region in central Miami near downtown, a portion of census tracts in the western part of Miami and a few in the very southern part of the city. There are 16 census tracts where over 86% of households are spending over 30% of their income on housing and are considered low-income households. These tracts include 71.04, 70.02, 67.06, 66.01, 65.01, 63.02, 71.04, 54.05, 54.06, 53.03, 37.05, 50.02, 49.02, 57.04, 24.02, and 67.13. Within these census tracts, fewer than 10% of available rental units are affordable. These affordable rental units are located in tracts 71.04, 70.02, 67.06 67.13, 37.05, and 49.02. 48 Cost Burden by Income in Miami, FL Household Income 30% or less 30.1 to 50% More than 50% 30% AMI or less 10,144 8,093 37,869 30.01-50% AMI 7,384 14,960 12,355 50.01-80% AMI 16,186 12,390 4,138 80.01-100% AMI 9,634 4,632 1,132 Greater than 100% AMI 42,692 6,211 749 Source: Projections by Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, Affordability, Cost Burden by Income, 2022 Estimate, based on U.S. Department of Housing Development, Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data set. Demographics of Households with Severe Housing Cost Burden in Miami, FL Race/Ethnicity # Households # w/Severe Cost Burden % w/Severe Cost Burden White, Non -Hispanic 23,295 4,815 20.67% Black, Non -Hispanic 23,330 7,025 30.11% Hispanic 112,005 36,615 32.69% Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 1,725 330 19.13% Native American, Non- Hispanic 195 10 5.13% Other, Non -Hispanic 1,029 155 15.06% Total 161,605 48,950 30.29% Household Type and Size Family households <5 people 76,860 22,410 29.16% Family households 5+ people 11,335 2,575 22.72% Non -family households 73,410 23,970 32.65% Note 1: Severe housing cost burden is defined as greater than 50% of income. of the total population within the jurisdiction or region, except is out of total households. Note 2: All % represent a share household type and size, which Source: Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, Affordability, Households by Tenure, Race/Ethnicity, and Cost Burden, 2015-2019 CHAS dataset. 49 Legend T©0 Families Spending Over 30c On Housing kb 53.09% - 1 DC% kb 41.59% - 53.08% kb 32.25% - 41.58% ih 23.31 % - 32.25% b 0%-23.30% Source: eGIS Community Assessment Reporting Tool, Local Government: Lee County, Families Spending Over 30% On Housing; last updated 2019. Age of Housing The age of the housing is an important factor when determining housing affordability. An aging housing stock often falls into disrepair reducing affordability of the existing housing stock. According to ACS 2022 5-year estimates which provides estimates for all housing units in the current market, in the City of Miami, the largest share of the existing housing stock in Miami constructed in a twenty-year period was built between 2000 and 2019 at 28.6%, followed by housing units constructed between 1940 and 1959 at 25.1%. Looking at housing units by tenure for individual decades, the largest share of owner -occupied homes constructed in a twenty-year period was built between 1940 and 1959 at 33.5%, while the largest share of renter -occupied housing constructed in a twenty-year period was built in 2000 to 2019 period, at 30.8%. Despite the post-2000 development boom, approximately 57.2% of the entire existing housing stock was built before 1979; of those older housing units, about 19% are owner -occupied while 38% are renter -occupied. Broken down a different way, adding the number of units constructed prior to 1979 versus after 1979 by tenure finds that 54% of the existing rental housing stock was constructed prior to 1979 and 64% of the existing owner housing stock was constructed prior to 1979. Overall, a large proportion of homes in the city are 45 years or older, suggesting that much 50 of the city's current affordable housing stock may need significant rehabilitation to maintain suitable living conditions. Age of Occupied Units by Tenure in Miami, FL Total Occupied Units % Occupied Units # Owner- Occupied % Owner- Occupied # Renter- Occupied % Renter - Occupied Occupied units 186,137 - 56,069 - 130,068 - 2020 or later 1,257 0.7% 100 0.2% 1,157 0.9% 2000 to 2019 53,073 28.6% 13,022 23.2% 40,051 30.8% 1980 to 1999 25,365 13.6% 6,950 12.4% 18,415 14.2% 1960 to 1979 44,125 23.7% 10,167 18.1% 33,958 26.1% 1940 to 1959 46,691 25.1% 18,802 33.5% 27,889 21.4% 1939 or earlier 15,626 8.4% 7,028 12.5% 8,598 6.6% Source: ACS 2022 5-Year Estimates, Table S2504. Substandard Housing Conditions To better analyze the city's substandard housing stock and identify disparities in housing quality and housing needs for all residents and protected classes citywide, HUD has provided data on housing problems experienced by Miami households. HUD defines three main housing problems, including substandard housing, overcrowding, and housing cost burden. • Substandard housing means a housing unit lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities. • Overcrowding means a household having more than 1.01 to 1.5 persons per room excluding bathrooms, porches, foyers, halls, or half -rooms. o Severely overcrowded means a household has more than 1.5 persons per room excluding bathrooms, porches, foyers, halls, or half -rooms. • Cost -burdened means a household's total gross income spent on housing costs exceeds 30% of household income. For renters, housing cost is gross rent (contract rent plus utilities). For owners, housing cost is "select monthly owner costs," which includes mortgage payment, utilities, association fees, insurance, and real estate taxes. o Severely cost -burdened means a household's total gross income spent on housing costs exceeds 30% of household income. According to the US Census 2017-2021 ACS 5-Year estimates as reported by the Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, there are 13,126 units in the City of Miami where people are living with 1.01 or more persons per room, representing 7.2% of all occupied units. Miami's 2019-2023 Consolidated Plan reported that approximately 89% of all single-family households who 51 experience crowded housing (sharing a bedroom with another) are renters. Of these households, 2,610 are extremely low-income, 1,825 are low-income, and 1,425 are moderate income (source: 2011-205 CHAS). The analysis also found neighborhoods with high concentrations of extremely low- and very low-income Hispanic households which have the highest incidence of multiple housing problems including overcrowding and cost -burdened households. This includes the neighborhoods of Little Havana, Allapattah and Flagami. Several tracts in the R/ECAP areas had over 60% of the households reporting at least one of the housing problems (see map below) including tracts 53.02, 34.00, 51.04, 24.04, 14.01, and 14.02, all with disproportionately high populations of Black and Hispanic families. Summary of Substandard Housing Units in Miami, FL 1.01 or More Persons Per Room Lacks Complete Kitchen Facilities Lacks Complete Plumbing Facilities Number of Occupied Units 13,126 3,027 2,011 Share of Total Occupied Units ° 7.2% ° 1.4% ° 1.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Shimberg Center for Housing Studies. Disproportionate Housing Needs by Race/Ethnicity in Miami, FL Households Experiencing Any of 4 Housing Problems # Households # with Problems % with Problems Race/Ethnicity White, Non -Hispanic 23,295 9,575 41.10% Black, Non -Hispanic 23,330 13,885 59.52% Hispanic 112,005 68,530 61.18% Asian or Pacific Islander, Non Hispanic 1,725 640 37.10% Native American, Non -Hispanic 195 20 10.26% Other, Non -Hispanic 1,029 420 40.82% Total 161,605 93,105 57.61% Household Type and Size Family households, <5 people 76,860 43,270 56.30% Family households, 5+ people 11,335 8,310 73.31% Non -family households 73,410 41,520 56.56% Households Experiencing Any of 4 Severe Housing Problems # Households # with Severe Problems % with Severe Problems Race/Ethnicity 52 White, Non -Hispanic 23,295 5,395 23.16% Black, Non -Hispanic 23,330 8,650 37.08% Hispanic 112,005 43,835 39.14% Asian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic 1,725 325 18.84% Native American, Non -Hispanic 195 10 5.13% Other, Non -Hispanic 1,029 149 14.48% Total 161,605 58,370 36.12% Note 1: The four housing problems are: incomplete kitchen facilities, incomplete plumbing room, and cost burden greater than 30%. The four severe kitchen facilities, incomplete plumbing facilities, more than greater than 50%. facilities, more than 1 person per housing problems are: incomplete 1 person per room, and cost burden Source: AFFH-T Miami, Table 9 - Demographics of Households with Disproportionate Housing Needs, utilizing Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2012-2016. Jurisdiction Region Demographics 2010 1 Dot = 75 • White, Non -Hispanic Black, Non -Hispanic Native American, Non- ''. Hispanic ye AsianIPacific Islander. Nun - Hispanic i• Hispanic Other, Non -Hispanic Mu9T-racial, Non-H6spanic TRACT RECAP 1/ Percent Households with Burden 3 3.448% � �.1.as%-az.75 4275 %- 51. 1 % Ilb 511%-6076% hi 6076%-1000% Percent Households with Burden: Data not Available --=HT00061 Miami CZ County En HERE Gamin Geo7 Source: HUD AFFH-T Data Tool, Map 6 — Housing Problems, Percent Households with Burden, utilizing Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2012-2016 53 Public Housing Conditions HUD does routine Real Estate Assessment Center (REAC) physical inspections and provides scores for public housing and multifamily assisted housing across the U.S. The most recent data for non - PHA assisted multifamily was provided as of March 2021 and includes inspections that took place between 2014 and 2019, and the most recent PHA data is from 2022 to 2023 for the Miami -Dade PHA. The average score for the 33 properties located in Miami that were surveyed is 70 out of 100 possible points, with 28 properties having at least one severe health and safety deficiency noted, 5 properties with at least one moderate health and safety deficiency noted, and 16 properties with at least one inoperable smoke detector. Scores for the 79 non -PHA assisted multifamily properties surveyed in Miami averaged 84 out of 100 points, with 48% of properties scoring high in the 90s and 12% scoring low below 60 points, including one with a very low score of 37 points. Property age seems to be a major factor influencing these scores. 54 ACCESS TO HOMEOWNERSHIP AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Introduction Homeownership stabilizes neighborhoods, builds generational wealth, and increases quality of life. Historically, low- and moderate -income persons, minorities, individuals with disabilities, and other protected class groups experience significant disparities in access to homeownership opportunities and often face discrimination in housing because of race, color, sex, national origin, religion, familial status, and disability. Although illegal under the Fair Housing Act, members of protected classes may face discriminatory practices, such as realtors refusing to sell, applying different terms to a loan application or agreement, steering to minority neighborhoods, and providing misleading information about the availability of housing. Barriers to Homeownership While there are many factors that contribute to disparities in homeownership, lack of affordable housing is a primary barrier for all protected classes. For prospective homebuyers in Miami, housing affordability has been significantly impacted by a hostile market stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic brought its own set of unique challenges to the housing market. It resulted in an unprecedented housing market consisting of: • Higher -priced homes • Multiple offer situations • An abundance of cash buyers ■ Low inventory of homes creating high demand ■ Decreased days on market • High interest rates • Increased cost of homeowners insurance • Appraisal gaps The market has exacerbated common barriers to homeownership such as lack of capital for down payment and closing costs and insufficient credit history or poor credit, key factors for obtaining homeownership. Unaffordability limits access to homeownership for all protected classes, though Black and Hispanic have lower rates of homeownership than other race/ethnicities. 55 Down Payment and Closing Costs When financing a home, down payments and closing costs are required. Depending on the loan product a buyer can pay between 3.5% and 20% of the purchase price for down -payment and up to 6% for closing costs. According to Realtors Property Resource (RPR) the median sale price for a home in Miami as of January 2024 is $543,000 up 13.02% from January 2023 and a 20.56% increase over 24-months. Based on these estimates, a family will need to save between $19,005 and $108,600 for a down payment and approximately $32,580 for closing costs. The cost of buying a home forces many to obtain loans through the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) which only requires the 3.5% down payment, but this type of loan requires private mortgage insurance which increases the mortgage payment and remains on the loan for many years. Loans through the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are 0% down -payment loans if buying in rural areas, therefore approximately 100% of Miami -Dade County and the City of Miami is ineligible for traditional USDA loans. Participation in purchase assistance programs and first-time homebuyer programs is not enough to supplement the high costs of homeownership. Continuously increasing home values with limited down -payment and closing cost assistance will likely result in residents having to move out of Miami if wanting to purchase a home. The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) published data that suggests that Black and Hispanic racial/ethnic minorities historically earn less than their white counterparts which can limit access to homeownership opportunities (https://www.shrm.org/topics- tools/news/benefits-compensation/black-workers-still-earn-less-white-counterparts). Insufficient Credit/Poor Credit Cost burden is a primary barrier to achieving good credit for Miami residents. Cost burden data collected from the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy dataset, indicates that Black and Hispanic people experience the highest rate of severe cost burden in Miami, particularly those earning less than 30% AMI. Individuals with disabilities are also often on fixed incomes and considered very -low-income. Many cost burdened and low-income individuals and families are living paycheck to paycheck which can lead to poor payment history and increased utilization of credit, negatively impacting their credit profile. Additionally, paying over 50% of household income towards housing costs does not leave room to pay for other essentials like a phone plan, healthcare premiums, or car insurance which can lead to significant debt. Existing debt accounts for 30% of the credit score calculation and payment history accounts for 35%. This method of determining credit worthiness means cost burdened and severely cost burdened households are more likely to have poor or insufficient credit creating barriers to upward mobility. Insufficient and poor credit also reduces access to homeownership opportunities since conventional loans typically require a high credit score above 700. Other loan products like the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) allow 56 a minimum credit score of 580. While lenders have relaxed credit requirements, many cost - burdened low-income households do not have the means to escape their poor credit history. Disparities in Homeownership The homeownership rate is defined as the ratio of owner -occupied units to all occupied units in an area. The overall homeownership rate for the City of Miami is low at 30%. Homeownership rates vary by race and ethnicity. The homeownership rate for those identifying as Hispanic/Latino is 68.3%, followed by White, non -Hispanic persons at 17.9%, and Black, non -Hispanic households at 10.4%. When compared to the demographic makeup of Miami, Black or African American persons experience disproportionate rates of homeownership compared to White alone, those identifying as Hispanic/Latino or as two or more races. Nearly 40% of all White households (White alone, not Hispanic or Latino) are owner -occupied while 24% of all Black households are owner - occupied. Almost 29% of all households identifying as Hispanic or Latino origin are owner - occupied. Miami's housing market and structure of the housing stock tends to cater more towards renters. In 2023, Miami -Dade County was reported to be the most competitive rental market with 71.2% of renters deciding to renew their leases (The Capitolist). The predominance of renters also has to do with the severe market shifts over the past few years. It is probable that low rates of Black homeownership can also be attributed to systemic inequality, segregation, disparate access to credit, and undervaluing homes in Black neighborhoods, which restricts the ability of the Black population to build equity and accumulate wealth through homeownership. Data also shows that the highest percentage of Miami's homeowners are located outside of the R/ECAP areas. Owner -Occupied Housing by Race/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity Number of Owner- Occupied Housing Units Percent of Owner- Occupied Housing Units White 29,432 52.5% Black or African American 5,845 10.4% American Indian and Alaska Native 52 0.1% Asian 1,481 2.6% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0% Some other race 2,377 4.2% 57 Two or more races 16,882 30.1% Hispanic or Latino origin 38,303 68.3% White alone, not Hispanic or Latino 10,013 17.9% Source: ACS 2022 5-Year Estimates, Table S2502 O z ,)) Jurisdiction Reci ion TRAC T RIECAP Percent Households who are Owners <25.99% 25.99 % - 44.78 % . 44.78 % - 62.92 % lb 62.92 % - 79.32 % 79.32% - 1005% Percent Households who are Owners: Data not Available Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Percent Households who are Owners, utilizing Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2011-2015. Lack of Income for Individuals with Disabilities Individuals with disabilities face significant barriers finding affordable, accessible housing sometimes because of discrimination based on their disability status, but primarily because individuals with disabilities are more cost burdened then the general population. Freddie Mac reports, "when compared to the general public, renters and homeowners with disabilities report 1.7-times less annual income, which results in these individuals spending a far greater percentage of their incomes on housing costs" and adds that 40% of renters with disabilities spend more than half their income on housing costs. This significantly decreases homeownership opportunities for individuals with disabilities. 58 Familial Status The familial status of a household directly links to the need for available housing of different types and sizes to accommodate those families living with children under the age of 18. Census data shows that of Miami's total households, 19% are households with own children of the householder under the age of 18. The average household size is 2.33 people and most of the housing stock in the city is in the two -bedroom format, followed by the one -bedroom format to accommodate these family types. The City of Miami is extremely compact with limited amounts of vacant land, so recent residential construction is in multi -family buildings. The lack of diversity in housing types can create access and affordability barriers for larger families seeking to own a home. National Origin Census data indicates that Miami is a majority -minority city (an area whose population is composed of less than 50% non -Hispanic whites) with only 14% of the population being non - Hispanic whites and that 70% of the population speaks Spanish. Haitian Creole is also a predominant language in Miami. Studies have noted higher rates of LEP (Limited English Proficiency) are associated with lower homeownership rates. The factors directly correlating LEP with lower homeownership rates are still unknown. One reason may be the mortgage loan application process. Applications may include technical language primarily formatted in English, which may be difficult for non-English speaking people to navigate. Since most of Miami's population speaks a language other than English, there is access to translation services to help navigate the purchase process and increase homeownership opportunities. Immigration status can also depress access to homeownership. Homeownership Programs State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program (SHIP) The City of Miami has a program known as SHIP (State Housing Incentives Partnership) Home Buyer Financing Program to assist eligible households with purchasing a home by providing a deferred payment loan (based on need) to be applied as down payment, closing costs, and/or mortgage financing. Criteria for the SHIP program include: 1. Maximum assistance limits. For a family with what HUD considers to be very low income, the maximum amount of assistance that can be received to purchase a home is based on the bedroom size of the home being purchased and the financing needs of the applicant. For a three -bedroom unit, the maximum award is $86,020. 2. Eligibility requirements state applicants must not have owned a home within the last three years or filed for bankruptcy in the last two years. 59 There are strict program requirements too, including qualifying credit and sufficient income for first mortgage financing and completion of pre -approved Homebuyer Education Counseling. HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) The city uses a portion of its annual allocation of federal HOME funds to provide down -payment and closing cost assistance for eligible homebuyers. The city's First Time Homebuyer program provides zero percent (0%) deferred loans to first-time homebuyers purchasing a property in the City of Miami if they qualify based on their income category. District 5 Expanded First -Time Homebuyer Program The City of Miami District 5 Expanded First-time Homebuyer Program can provide up to $200,000 (based on household income and need) to assist with acquisition financing and down payment assistance to qualified, income -eligible households towards purchasing an eligible property as their home within District 5 boundaries. The primary applicant must currently reside within the City of Miami, never have owned a home before, and ultimately be able to secure a first mortgage from a lender subject to the city homebuyer program's mortgage restrictions. This program's residency requirement will be waived if the applicant household includes a current City of Miami or Miami -Dade County first responder. Affordable Housing Homebuyer Loan Program The Homebuyer Loan Program (HLP) was created in 2015 to assist qualified individuals and families in the purchase of a primary residence. The HLP is intended to encourage homeownership as a foundation for financial independence for low- and moderate -income families in Miami Dade County. The loan term is 30 years with a maximum loan amount of up to $100,000 at 1% interest or $80,000 at 2% interest — rate based on vulnerability ranked areas. This is funded using the county's Documentary Surtax funds and can help households of up to 140% AM I. Section 8 Homeownership Program for Housing Choice Voucher Recipients The Miami -Dade Housing Choice Voucher Homeownership is a voluntary program designed to permit eligible Housing Choice Voucher recipients to purchase a home using the voucher subsidy for up to 15 years. The goal of the program is to provide homeownership opportunities, along with counseling, self-sufficiency, training, and support, thereby facilitating economic opportunity within communities while providing parameters to ensure the success of the homebuyer. 60 Access to Economic Opportunities Access to Livable -Wage Jobs According to RentCafe, the cost of living in Miami is 19% higher than the state average and 17% higher than the national average. Miami's housing is 51% more expensive than the U.S average, while utilities are about 2% pricier. When it comes to basic necessities such as food and clothing, groceries are around 6% more in Miami than in the rest of the country, while clothing costs around 6% more. As the cost of living continues to rise it is important that Miami residents have access to livable wage jobs. The top five employment industries in Miami are office and administrative support, sales and related occupations, food preparation and serving related occupations, transportation and material moving occupations, and business and financial operations occupations. The average hourly wage of the top ten employment industries is $30.57. The 2023 ALICE (Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed) report published by United Way indicates based on the 2021 Point -in -Time data that Miami's median household income is $59,044 and census data from 2022 five-year estimates indicates Miami's median household income to be $54,858. Both estimates fall below the state average of $63,062, and the labor participation rate is 63.2%, which is above the state average at 59.1%. The ALICE report states that for Miami -Dade County, a 4-person household (2 adults, 1 infant, 1 preschooler) would need to make an hourly wage of $38.14 to support household costs. This wage equals an annual salary of approximately $76,272. The living wage calculator developed by Massachusetts Institute for Technology reports a typical annual salary in Miami -Dade County to be $42,600 for office and administrative support, $47,130 for sales and related occupations, $31,580 for food preparation and serving related occupations, $42,010 for transportation and material moving occupations, and $78,600 for business and financial operations occupations. All industries except business and financial operations have annual salaries below the estimated livable salary. In fact, according to the living wage calculator, of all the employment industries in Miami -Dade County and surrounding areas, including Miami, only six industries report having salaries above the living wage. All six of those industries would be considered management or professional employers, requiring a higher education or postgraduate degree. 2022 Employment and Wages of Top Occupations With Highest Employment in Miami -Dade County Occupation Employment Average Hourly Wage Total all occupations 2,623,770 $28.36 Average Wage of 10 Highest Employment Occupations - $30.57 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 390,250 $21.19 61 Sales and Related Occupations 296,370 $23.83 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 239,990 $15.73 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 239,370 $22.59 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 188,570 $40.91 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 170,310 $43.23 Management Occupations 159,360 $59.51 Educational Instruction and Library Occupations 111,280 $28.6 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 106,820 $24.72 Construction and Extraction Occupations 101,080 $25.43 Source: Miami -Dade County Economic Data Snapshot 2022 Employment and Wages of Lowest Paid Occupations in Miami -Dade County Occupation Employment Average Hourly Wage Total all occupations 2,623,770 $28.36 Average Wage of 10 Lowest Paid Occupations - $12.94 Packers and Packagers, Hand 9,970 $13.24 Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 1,830 $13.19 Cashiers 58,450 $13.04 Dishwashers 13,100 $13.02 Parking Attendants 5,270 $12.94 Fast Food and Counter Workers 43,370 $12.93 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products 350 $12.8 Laundry and Dry -Cleaning Workers 4,390 $12.75 Shampooers NA $12.21 Source: Miami -Dade County Economic Data Snapshot Access to Mortgage Services and Other Financial Institutions The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) reports 107 financial institutions in the City of Miami including several larger nationwide banks such as Bank OZK, First National Bank, Bank of America, First American Bank, Truist, Chase Bank, Wells Fargo, and TD Bank. Bank of OZK has a location inside of census tract 28, which is the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor R/ECAP. Not many banks or financial institutions are located within Miami's R/ECAP areas, but some have locations near the Allapattah Corridor, Sewell Park (North) Quadrant, East Little Havana Corridor, and Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor including First American Bank, Truist, and Wells Fargo. 62 With the digital age, buyers now have an abundance of access to mortgage brokers online that serve Miami including top companies like Rocket Mortgage and Loan Depot who can often offer better interest rates and terms on home loans than traditional financial institutions. While there is access to mortgage services and other financial institutions, obtaining a mortgage is also dependent on the loan products offered. Most offer FHA and VA loans which require low down payments and some like Wells Fargo and TD Bank offer first-time homebuyer programs that provide down -payment or closing cost assistance. Historically, there is less access to financial institutions located in segregated areas or the R/ECAPs of focus for this plan. Segregated areas have increased access to alternative financial services like check-cashers and same -day and pay-day lenders. The Brookings Institution reports that "Black and Latino or Hispanic people are more likely than white people to depend on high interest financial services like check cashing counters and payday lenders because there are fewer banks in Black and Latino or Hispanic neighborhoods" (www.brookings.edu/articles/an-analysis-of- financial-institutions-in-black-majority-communities-black-borrowers-and-depositors-face- considerable-challenges-in-accessing-banking-services). These alternatives are usually low in quality but high in cost and trap borrowers in a cycle of debt. Access to Fair and Affordable Credit Credit accessibility is directly linked to housing and financial stability and is needed to own or rent a home, purchase a car, or get insurance. For some, lines of credit or personal loans are needed to pay rent or cover the basics costs of living, particularly for cost burdened households or those on fixed incomes. According to The Pew Charitable Trusts, banks have dramatically expanded their small lending since 2018. Small -dollar loans make it possible for millions of consumers with low or no credit scores to borrow safely and save borrowers money compared to high -cost credit products from payday, auto title, pawn, and rent -to -own providers. Small loans offer a safe, affordable alternative for most of the nation's low- and no -credit history borrowers. Depending on the bank, loans can be in an amount up to $500, $750, or $1,000. The Pew Charitable Trusts also states there are small lending standards that should be considered by banks and credit unions including: • Access. Credit should be available to existing bank and credit union customers who need the most help, are able to repay, and do not qualify for other loans. • Affordability. Loans and lines of credit should offer enough time to repay, usually at least three months, so that each installment consumes only a small share of a borrower's income. 63 • Fair pricing. The total cost of the loan should be only a small fraction of the loan's principal but be sufficient to ensure the bank can provide widespread access to small credit. • Speed. Application processes should be fast and easy, leveraging online and mobile banking technologies, and funds should be provided the same day. As of April 2023, six of the eight largest U.S. banks by branch count, which collectively operate 23% of all bank branches, had rolled out small installment loans or lines of credit that cost at least 15 times less than average payday loans. These banks include Regions Bank, Truist, Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Huntington Bank, and U.S. Bank. Several of these banks operate in Miami offering small loans to all protected classes and those who have low to no credit history including Truist, Wells Fargo, and Bank of America. Of the banks offering small loans, none operate branches directly within the R/ECAP areas. The National Credit Union Administration's (NCUA) Payday Alternative Loan program is also creating more alternatives for borrowers by allowing federal credit unions to provide loans designed to give consumers a more affordable alternative to predatory payday loans, which carry high APRs and short repayment terms. This loan program set a record for new loan volume, reaching an all-time high with $227 million originated in 2022. UNIFY Credit Union is the primary provider of alternative loans in Miami and while there are no branches within Miami city limits, there are several co-op shared branches in Miami, including co-op branches near the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor R/ECAP. There are also various Low -Income Designated Credit Unions (LIDCU) operating in Florida. These institutions primarily serve members that meet certain low-income thresholds based on data available from the U.S. Census Bureau. Benefits for protected and marginalized populations include eligibility for grants and low -interest loans from the Community Development Revolving Loan Fund and the ability to accept non-member deposits from any source. Dade County Federal Credit Union is an LIDCU operating in Miami and has a branch location in tract 36.06 which is within the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor R/ECAP. In addition, MPS Credit Union serves the Miami community and is designated a Juntas Avanzamos, Together We Advance institution which is a designation for credit unions committed to serving and empowering Hispanic and immigrant consumers — helping them navigate the U.S. financial system and providing safe, affordable and relevant financial services. Miami residents also have access to several credit counseling services, both onsite and virtually, including 123 Credit Counselors, Inc which is an approved credit counseling agency pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 111. 64 Access to Reputable Financial Counseling Services Financial counseling in Miami can be accessed on site and virtually through several organizations. The United Way Miami helps working individuals and families pave a path to financial independence through its Center for Financial Stability. The United Way offers access to three sites throughout Miami -Dade, including two sites within city limits, and provides a full menu of financial capability services, ranging from financial coaching and education to tax preparation. There are also three primary housing counselors in Miami that provide financial counseling as part of their services. The Cuban American National Council is located in census tract 53.03 which is near the East Little Havana Corridor R/ECAP and Haitian American Community Development Corporation (HACDC) is located in tract 14.02 which is within the Little Haiti Corridor R/ECAP. The Cuban American National Council in Miami offers financial education and housing counseling to low- and moderate -income individuals that includes basic financial education, loss mitigation counseling, first time — homebuyer education and mortgage default assistance to homeowners at risk of losing their homes. All Economic Independence clients are assisted in establishing good credit, savings and other wealth building strategies. CNC offers Economic Independence services free of charge. The HACDC works with clients to resolve their credit issues, create a working budget, secure market -rate mortgages, as well as subsidized loans that make their new home affordable. Assembly of buyer financing with the required multiple layers of lending is perhaps the most labor -intensive element of the counseling program as it requires many meetings with the clients to collect updated documents for the various lenders, both private and governmental. Neighborhood Housing Services of South Florida (NHSSF) combines a proven educational system with personalized one-on-one counseling and financial coaching to bring the dream of homeownership closer to reality. This organization provides a variety of classes, workshops and counseling services in English, Spanish and Creole. Housing Counseling Agency Address Language Assistance Website Cuban American National Council, Inc. — Miami 1223 SW 4th Street, Miami, FL 33135 English Spanish www.cnc.org Haitian American Community Development Corporation 181 NE 82nd St. Miami, FL 33138 English Haitian- Creole www.haitianamericancdc.org 65 English Neighborhood Housing Services of South Florida 300 NW 12th Ave., Miami, FL 33128 Spanish Haitian - www.nhssf.org Creole Source: Local Government: Miami City, Housing Counseling Agencies. Housing Counseling Agencies Source: eGIS Community Assessment Reporting Tool, Local Government: Miami City, Housing Counseling Agencies. Fair Residential Real Estate Appraisals and Valuations Studies show minorities are more likely to receive an appraisal value that is lower than the contract price during purchase transactions. Also, appraisers' opinions of value are more likely to fall below the contract price in Black and Latino census tracts, and the extent of the gap increases as the percentage of Black or Latino people in the tract increases. "In the average U.S. metropolitan area, homes in neighborhoods where the share of the population is 50 percent Black are valued at half the price as homes in neighborhoods with no Black residents. There is a strong and powerful statistical relationship between the share of the population that is Black and the market value of owner -occupied homes." (Devaluation of Assets in Black Neighborhoods) Segregation and racial disparities in home appreciation put the Black population at a disadvantage in their ability to build equity and accumulate wealth. 66 ACCESS TO COMMUNITY ASSETS Introduction Community assets are things that can be used to improve the quality of life and access to resources is essential to supporting self-sufficiency and promoting the economic vitality of the community. For the purposes of this analysis, we look at disparities in access to community assets such as education, employment, transportation, low -poverty, environmental health, broadband services, and accessibility. Education Schools are an essential component in the long-term health of a community. The strength of the community and income mobility depend on the quality of schooling a child receives. Access to quality education is the gateway to employment, resources, and skills that help people achieve self-sufficiency. Educational attainment is essential for escaping poverty. There is significant value to having access to a quality education as it directly correlates to earning potential. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that workers with a high school diploma make on average nearly $10,000 more annually than those without. According to CollegeBoard, college graduates earn about 73% more than high school graduates, and those with graduate degrees may earn up to three times as much as high school graduates. People completing higher levels of education are less likely to be unemployed and less likely to live in poverty, which increases access to quality housing. According to the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) website, there are 494 schools in the Miami - Dade County Public School District with 354,848 students, including 472 Title I schools, 7 schools designated Special Education, 105 schools with magnet programs, 130 charter schools, 87 schools offering AP, and 427 schools with gifted/talented programs. Below is a map of schools within Miami city limits. 67 Miami Schools Q City Boundary School Type ADULT aCOLLEGEIUNIVERSITY a) COMBINATION ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DISTRICT OFFICE (SCHOOL BOARD) 9� ELEMENTARY W MIDDLE/]R. HIGH 9 SENIOR HIGH 0 1 Miles I I ,.rzatn e AD Raman Park 91M LiyW m Miami eal .woolyn`a E+rp pllmbla L'„ VAlenCk1 n,re Rrvb t-xl(a Course gilts s tr k 4AY l.ltr,1 1,1W tll �1 `�'Wor fl NW El7111 St NYl' yi rd $l Mlf-09th•3l NW S'vr r;r Z.! Habra Icmnd 9e.4 Park NF 01,4 SI HE , Blua+/.tce R) Mien, 9ecnM1 Canty Vlrq Imo Kay v.glaa Vuo'nm C oaaden park C Miami -Dade County, Esrl, HERE, Grmin, INCREMENT P, IJSGS.'MErTI/NASA, EPA, USDA Source: Florida Housing Coalition, utilizing Florida Geographic Data Library Geospatial Clearinghouse, School Facilities (Public and Post -Secondary) in Florida — 2023. School Proficiency and Demographics In the School Proficiency Index (HUD AFFH-T), values range from 0-100. The higher the score, the higher the quality of the school system in a neighborhood. In the jurisdiction of Miami, data suggests that Non -Hispanic White students and Asian or Pacific Islander students have access to higher quality schools compared to Hispanic, Black, and Native American students. Black students have particularly poor access to quality schools. These same trends are present for White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander students below the poverty line, where White students have over double the chance of being near a high -quality school than Black students. Census tracts where the School Proficiency Index scores are lower are concentrated in the northern part of Miami, and many fall within historically -Black R/ECAP areas. Census tracts with higher School Proficiency Index scores are concentrated within the southern and western 68 neighborhoods of Miami where there is a higher concentration of White and Hispanic communities. Miami, FL CDBG Jurisdiction School Proficiency Index Total Population White, Non -Hispanic 57.24 Black, Non -Hispanic 22.62 Hispanic 45.31 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 55.56 Native American, Non -Hispanic 33.97 Population below Federal Poverty Line White, Non -Hispanic 47.08 Black, Non -Hispanic 21.95 Hispanic 39.11 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 40.15 Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Table 12 — Opportunity Indicators by Race/Ethnicity, utilizing Great Schools (proficiency data), 2016-17; Common Core of Data (4th grade enrollment and school addresses), 2016- '17; Maponics School Attendance Zone database, 2018. 69 Jurisdiction Regicn Demographics 2010 1 Dot = 75 wive. Nan -Hispanic fiAl Black. Nan -Hispanic S t N,live American, Non- , d4rn Hispanic pctyi Asian/Pacific Islander. Non- .hS Hispanic t- Hispanic 'a Other, Non -Hispanic Muni -racial, Non -Hispanic TRACT RIECAP lam! School Proficiency Index 0-10 10.1 -20 201 -30 301 -40 40.1 -50 50. 1 -60 111. 601 -70 II 70.1 -80 801-90 ' 90 1 - 100 School Proficiency Index: Data rot Available Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, School Proficiency Index, utilizing Great Schools (proficiency data), 2016-17; Common Core of Data (4th grade enrollment and school addresses), 2016-'17; Maponics School Attendance Zone database, 2018. Demographic Enrollment and Absentee Rates Data from Civil Rights Data Collection shows that in Miami -Dade County Public Schools, the vast majority of enrolled students are Hispanic (70.9%), followed by 20.5% that are Black, and 6.9% that are White. The number of chronically absent students, in -school suspensions, and out -of - school suspensions somewhat reflect these overall proportions of student races/ethnicities. However, the number of Black students experiencing expulsion is disproportionate to their percent of overall students, with 55.4% of all expulsions being Black students. Public School Enrollment and Absentee Rates Miami -Dade County Public Schools Student Enrollment Chronically Absent All Students 100% 19.30% American Indian or Alaska Native 0.10% 0% Asian 1.10% 0.10% 70 Black or African American 20.50% 4.90% Hispanic or Latino of any race 70.90% 13.00% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.00% 0% Two or more races 0.60% 0.10% White 6.90% 1.10% English Learner (EL) 20.30% 2.70% Disability (IDEA + Section 504) 12.30% 3.50% Source: Civil Rights Data Collection, LEA Summary of Selected Facts for Dade Miami, FL School District, Survey Year: 2017. Out•Of-School Suspensions • Black 25.0... Hispanic 6...- — Expulsions Two or 44hik 32% Hispanic 3 Legend Legend • Am Ind/AK Nat 0.1% • Asian 0.4% • Black 25.0% • Hispanic 68.3% • Nat HIIPac Is10% • Two or More 1.3% {c • Am Ind/AK Nat 0% • Asian 0.4% • Black 55.4% • Hispanic 39.0% • Nat HIIPac Is10% • Two or More 2.0 % "hite 3.2% Source: Source: Civil Rights Data Collection, LEA Summary of Selected Facts for Dade Miami, FL School District, Survey Year: 2017. 71 School Enrollment In -School Suspensions While 6.9% 'd2hile 5 E'.5 Black 20.5... Hispanic 7... Hispanic 7_. Legend Legend • Am Ind/AK Nat 0.1% • Asian 1.1 % I Black 20.5% Hispanic 70.9% I Nat HVPac Isl 0.091 • Two or More 0.6% White 6.9% • Ann Ind1AK Nat 0.0% • Asian 0.4% • Black 19.3% • Hispanic 73.9% • Nat HUPac Isl 0% • Two or More 0.6% • White 5.8 % Had 19.3... Source: Source: Civil Rights Data Collection, LEA Summary of Selected Facts for Dade Miami, FL School District, Survey Year: 2017. Disparities in Education Differences in school quality are often attributed to the degree of wealth in neighboring communities, a high -quality school with excellent test results, graduation rates, and programs, is able to achieve those results through increased spending and the relative wealth of its students. On the other hand, underfunded schools are often captured in a self -reinforcing and debilitating cycle: significant disinvestment, lower student performance, increased rates of truancy, and abandonment of neighborhoods by wealthy and stable families. Thus, when examining school performance, it is reasonable to expect a connection between high -poverty neighborhoods, poor school performance, and poor student performance. During the public engagement meeting with Miami residents on November 30, 2023, teacher salaries and a lack of teacher housing that is affordable and located in close proximity to schools were stated as the two primary barriers to quality education. Residents expressed a need for the school district to consider utilizing school district -owned lands to house teachers. A project is currently underway on Miami -Dade County -owned land in the Brickell neighborhood where educator housing will be co -developed on -site with a new school. The 7-story project is a collaboration between Miami -Dade County, public housing and community development, and the school district. Of the 465 units planned, 45% will be 600-square-foot workforce housing units located on the second and third floors, while the rest of the facility will be classrooms for grades 6-8, labs, and other school -related uses. The School Board is also looking at a property at the 72 border of Overtown and Wynwood, Phillis Wheatley Elementary School, to redevelop with workforce housing and a new school. Employment Access to employment and the labor market has a significant impact on a jurisdiction's economic sustainability. Employment is a significant factor for self-sufficiency and economic growth as the employed can contribute to local businesses, which assists in stabilizing the community. Without access to suitable employment, many low-income people do not have access to decent, safe, and affordable housing. Employment data is largely available at the Miami -Dade County level, and the Miami -Miami Beach -Kendall, FL metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level. Within both the County and the MSA, the unemployment rate has been steadily going down since the COVID pandemic, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Nearly 150,000 individuals were unemployed in the County in 2020, but that number has come down to below 50,000 since 2022. The unemployment rate for the County was 12.0% in 2020, compared to a record low of 1.4% in January of 2024 and 2.0% today. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics also reported that the City of Miami, FL had the lowest unemployment rate out of the 50 largest U.S. cities with a rate of 1.8%. The Florida Chamber Foundation publishes a map called the Florida Gap Map which maps the unemployment rate by zip code, where darker blue zip code blocks indicate a higher unemployment rate, versus lighter blue zip code blocks indicate a lower unemployment rate. According to this data, existing unemployment is concentrated in the northern part of Miami and is particularly high within the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor, the Liberty City Corridor, and the Little Haiti Corridor R/ECAPs. The zip code with the highest unemployment rate is 33136 with an unemployment rate of 12.0%. Zip code 33150 has the second highest unemployment rate with 9.6%, followed by 33127 with an unemployment rate of 8.0%. 73 County Miarni-Dade Zip ^ • qii)RIDA CHAMBER Foundation Opportunity Metrics ployrnent Rate Source: The Florida Gap Map, Florida Chamber Foundation, Updated Dec. 12, 2023. Florida Commerce reports that as of November 2023, the Miami -Miami Beach -Kendall metropolitan division (MD) had the highest over -the -year job gains (+49,800 jobs, +3.9%). When looking at the Job Proximity Index and Labor Market Index (HUD AFFH-T), higher scoring Census Tracts are concentrated in the south, and all along the coast of the city from north to south, with lower scores in the center and northern parts of the city, particularly within all of the R/ECAP areas. Miami, FL CDBG Jurisdiction Labor Market and Jobs Proximity Labor Market Index Total Population White, Non -Hispanic 67.89 Black, Non -Hispanic 17.32 Hispanic 40.31 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 64.08 74 Native American, Non -Hispanic 34.62 Population below Federal Poverty Line White, Non -Hispanic 52.31 Black, Non -Hispanic 15.34 Hispanic 34.29 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 47.63 Native American, Non -Hispanic 64.93 Jobs Proximity Index Total Population White, Non -Hispanic 83.00 Black, Non -Hispanic 62.88 Hispanic 76.30 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 83.15 Native American, Non -Hispanic 72.45 Population below Federal Poverty Line White, Non -Hispanic 80.38 Black, Non -Hispanic 63.34 Hispanic 74.88 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 75.31 Native American, Non -Hispanic 85.64 Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Table 12 — Opportunity Indicators by Race/Ethnicity, utilizing American Community Survey (ACS), 2011-2015; Longitudinal Employer -Household Dynamics (LEHD) data, 2017. Self-employment is growing in Miami. According to a 2023 Chamber of Commerce study, six of the top ten cities in the United States with the highest self-employment rates are located in Florida, and the top 3 are all located within the Miami metropolitan area. Miami has the second highest self-employment rate at 18.9%, and Hialeah, a city neighboring Miami, ranked first with 20.3% of its workers self-employed. This lifestyle can be economically empowering for some individuals and families, but it can also be the cause of household struggle, as self-employed workers are also self -insured and self-reliant for their workspace and other needs. In Miami, the average annual salary of a self-employed worker is $46,046 compared to $54,625 for all workers in the city (ZipRecruiter.com). 75 JnsdicIion Region Demographics 2010 1Dot =75 White, Nan -Hispanic �yy Black, Nan -Hispanic •e Native American, Non- �+ Hispanic ti 1 Asian/Pacific Islan9er, w Non -Hispanic K". Hispanic Other, Non -Hispanic Multi -racial, Non -Hispanic TRACT RECAP Labor Market Index 0-10 10.1 - 20 L:t,1 20.1 - 30 ▪ 30.1-40 40.1-50 ▪ 50.1 -60 ` 60.1-70 ▪ 70.1 - 80 -90 ▪ 90.1 - 100 Labor Market Index: Data not Available Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Labor Market Index, utilizing Longitudinal Employer -Household Dynamics (LEHD) data, 2017. Transportation Access to transportation is often directly linked to poverty. Without access to reliable transportation, many individuals, specifically low-income persons and protected classes, are unable to obtain employment. Transportation is a critical component of achieving self-sufficiency. Disparities in access to transportation based on a place of residence, costs, or other related factors greatly decrease one's ability to rise out of poverty. In the tables below, Miami scores high all races and ethnicity within the Transit Index and Low Transportation Cost Index, suggesting that Miami area local governments and authorities have put significant investment into public transportation access. The map below shows many of the Miami -Dade County Transit System transit lines accessible throughout the city. Note that the map below doesn't include all transit within Miami. The Miami Metromover is located between the Brickell and Omni neighborhoods downtown, and the City of Miami also operates a free smaller trolley system throughout 13 of the city's main neighborhoods. 76 MIAMI-DADE COUNTY TRANSIT SYSTEM METRORUS ROUTES Express Limited -Stop Service East-West Local -Stop Service North-Sol2h Local -Slop Service Neighborhood Circulator METRORUS DESTINATIONS Service Endpoints tcLD Terminal or Major Transfer Point Park and Ride Lot D South Dade TransItway Station METRORAIL TRI-RAIL TAMIAM ITRAIL PORALBL 905T NW 1,9 sT N36asT 183 •.: 73.5 267 99 NNI19P ST ■ o Zra ■. 32 M. I MIAMIGARDENSR N 183' 183 a5 -- 200 286 - ■ _ LJ 6 6 82 m w MILLER DRIVE m h SUNSET DRIVE 826 PALMETTO. PP 75 • 086 C 29 135 �q 2 35 2 62 or ma.�mgnPrasg.dr 29 max NwsesT 150, 297,338 37, 42, 57 W FI CI FP Source: Miami -Dade Transit on Twitter @IRideMDT Public Transportation Usage and Costs An analysis of the Transit Trips Index and Low Transportation Cost Index allows for the identification of disparities in access to transportation. According to the Transit Trips Index, the higher the value, the more likely residents in that neighborhood utilize public transit. The index controls for income such that a higher index value will often reflect better access to public transit. Transportation costs include fuel and parking fees and sometimes lodging, meals, and telephone expenses depending on the occupation. The higher the value, the lower the cost of transportation in that neighborhood. Both the Transit Trips Index and the Low Transportation Cost Index are high in the City of Miami, meaning many people use public transit and the cost for transportation is relatively low. Looking at transportation costs alone, there are slightly higher costs within the east -central part of Miami, particularly along the coast, and within the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor R/ECAP. 77 While public transit use is high for all race/ethnicities, individuals identifying as Hispanic (of any race) have the highest utilization rate at 89.94, followed by Asian or Pacific Islander and Native American. Public transit use is also high for Individuals of Cuban national origin in south central and southwest Miami, particularly within the Sewell Park (North) Quadrant and East Little Havana Corridor R/ECAPs and for families with children living in all R/ECAP areas. Individuals of Cuban national origin in south central and southwest Miami, particularly within the Sewell Park (North) Quadrant and East Little Havana Corridor R/ECAPs, experience lower costs to transportation in comparison to other national origins. Public transportation costs are also low for many families with children living within several R/ECAP areas. Least access to low transportation costs primarily affects Black, non -Hispanic. Miami, FL CDBG Jurisdiction Transit Usage and Transportation Costs Transit Trips Index Total Population White, Non -Hispanic 87.38 Black, Non -Hispanic 86.76 Hispanic 89.94 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 89.81 Native American, Non -Hispanic 89.39 Population below Federal Poverty Line White, Non -Hispanic 86.37 Black, Non -Hispanic 87.87 Hispanic 91.08 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 86.74 Native American, Non -Hispanic 94.87 Low Transportation Cost Index Total Population White, Non -Hispanic 76.95 Black, Non -Hispanic 73.96 Hispanic 78.65 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 80.30 Native American, Non -Hispanic 79.02 Population below Federal Poverty Line White, Non -Hispanic 76.07 Black, Non -Hispanic 75.38 Hispanic 80.47 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 74.06 Native American, Non -Hispanic 86.13 Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Table 12 — Opportunity Indicators by Race/Ethnicity, utilizing Location Affordability Index (LAI) data, 2012-2016. 78 `{�----�I Jurisdiction L� 6 Region Demographics 2010 1Doi =75 e While, Non -Hispanic Black, Non -Hispanic Uri. Native American__ Non- r. Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, N.- V.' Hispanic Hispanic Other. Non -Hispanic Multi -racial, Non -Hispanic TRACT RIECAP I] Transit hips Index 0-10 10.1 -20 2 0.1 - 30 30.1 - 40 140.1 - 50 Al50.1-60 lb 60.1-70 ▪ -30 ▪ 00.1 -90 90.1 - 100 Transit hips Index: Data not Avallabte Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Transit Trips Index, utilizing Location Affordability Index (LAI) data, 2012-2016. 79 Jurisdiction Region Demographics 2010 I Dot = 75 '1!White. Non -Hispanic iti Black, Non -Hispanic • Native American, Non- ! Hispanic ,,,f 7 Asian7Pacihc Islander, Non - WO Hispanic if-4 Hispanic Other, Non -Hispanic Multi -racial. Non -Hispanic TRACT RIECAP Low Transportation Cost Index 0-10 101 -20 20.1 -30 j 30. 1-40 40.1-50 50. 1-60 ® 60 1 - 70 70.1-80 ▪ 80 1 - 90 ▪ 90 -100 Low Transportation Cost Index: Data not Available Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Transit Trips Index, utilizing Location Affordability Index (LAI) data, 2012-2016. Housing and Transportation Index Although there is relatively consistent access, the cost of transportation varies throughout the city. The H+T Index is a data source that provides a measure of housing and transportation affordability, as these are the two highest monthly expenses for most households. This can be viewed as a proxy for the cost of living. The cost of living is higher along the coast of Miami and in Miami's southern neighborhoods, and lower in the central and northern parts of the city. 80 Miami, Florida, United States Municipality: Miami, FL H+T Costs % Income: 49% Housing: 'a 3 Transportation: 17% r aSheet Housing+Transportation Costs % Income Housing +Transportation Casts % Income ' Average: 48% Range: 17 - 105 Population Household Neighborhood Poputatlon %of Population c 24% 10,221 23% 24-36% 99,330 22% 36-45% 125,416 27896 ▪ 45- 54% 91,104 202% ▪ 54-66% 80,470 176% ▪ 66-7696 32,636 79£ ■ 78-87% 5,565 13% El 8799, 8,030 18% Total 451,876 100% Household: ® Regional Typical 0 Regional Moderate 0 National Typical ',COME _ 366,775 Commuters: 122 workers Household 512e_ 282 people Housing+Transportatlan Costs %Income '2435 203631 36-4530 M49-5434 .54-6695 166-269, .73-6745 1017%+ Source: H+T Index, 2024. Low -Poverty Exposure Families living in poverty face a range of challenges beyond those experienced by families living above the poverty line: difficulties in accessing good jobs, affording healthy foods, affordable transportation options, and access to both affordable and healthy housing. Ensuring the protected classes have access to low -poverty neighborhoods is essential to overcoming long- standing patterns of segregation for those of minority race/ethnicity, disability, and familial status. The Low Poverty Index captures poverty in a given neighborhood. The higher the score, the less exposure to poverty in that neighborhood. Miami's Black population overall has a far lower Poverty Index Score than any of the other races/ethnicities, other than Native Americans below the federal poverty line. There are many areas across Miami that are greatly exposed to poverty, and those areas have high concentrations of Hispanic and Black households. Miami neighborhoods experiencing the lowest rates of poverty include Coconut Grove, Brickell, Brickell Key, Venetian Islands, Downtown, Omni, Edgewater, and parts of Buena Vista and the Design District. Coastal neighborhoods have lower poverty overall. The southern part of the city also has overall lower poverty. High poverty neighborhoods include all of the neighborhoods with the R/ECAP Census Tracts, as well as the neighborhoods of West Grove, West Grapeland Heights, Auberndale, and neighborhoods within the south-central and northern part of the city. 81 Miami, FL CDBG Jurisdiction Low Poverty Low Poverty Index Total Population White, Non -Hispanic 42.74 Black, Non -Hispanic 9.76 Hispanic 22.75 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 38.04 Native American, Non -Hispanic 18.35 Population below Federal Poverty Line White, Non -Hispanic 31.92 Black, Non -Hispanic 7.52 Hispanic 16.56 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 27.64 Native American, Non -Hispanic 9.80 Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Table 12 — Opportunity Indicators by Race/Ethnicity, utilizing American Community Survey (ACS), 2011-2015 ;i 'C. Y.�-, . ti~ 1 . '` r �p 4 Jurisdiction Raglan Demographics 2010 1 Dot = 75 4Nhtle, Nan-Hlsparnc Black, Non -Hispanic Native American. Nan- ' - Hispanic 1., Asian/Pad-1c IsEan6er, Nen- 1•?. Hispanic j HEspanic Other, Non -Hispanic MUEO-raclaE, Non -Hispanic TRACT RVECAP IJ Low Poverty Index 0-10 10. 1 -20 201 -30 30.1-40 II 40.1 -50 ` 50.1-60 ' 60.1 -70 70.1 - 80 80 1 - 90 90.1 - 100 Low Poverty Index: Data not Available Source: AFFH-T: HUD AFFH-T tool, Low Poverty Index, utilizing American Community Survey (ACS), 2011- 2015. 82 Environmental Health Clean air, stable climate, adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, safe use of chemicals, protection from radiation, healthy and safe workplaces, sound agricultural practices, health - supportive cities and built environments, and a preserved nature are prerequisites for good health, according to the World Health Organization. The higher the index value, the less exposure to toxins harmful to human health. The higher the value, the better the environmental quality of a neighborhood. Based on the Environmental Health Index, the residents of Miami seem to have an average risk of exposure to toxins. Hispanic and Black households generally have a slightly higher risk of being exposed to environmental toxins while Non -Hispanic White and Asian/Pacific Islander households generally have a slightly lower risk. Interestingly, Native Americans below the poverty line also have a slightly lower risk of exposure due to their geographic location. Qualitative data also identified flooding as a top environmental risk in Miami. Miami's flooding has grown worse over the years with both rainstorms and sunny -day King Tide flooding, impacting neighborhoods like Brickell where previously flooding did not occur. Sea level rise in the past several decades — almost six inches in the last 25 years — along with warming temperatures and stronger, more frequent rainstorms were cited as possible causes of new flooding. Miami leadership stated that the city has identified over 50 flooding hotspots and identified 16 of the worst reoccurring locations. The city also installed a new pump on North Bayshore Drive, is working with FDOT on a new pump station project on Biscayne Blvd. between NE 10th and 15th Streets, made new hires to the Department of Resilience and Public Works to run high-powered vacuums, and is working to clean the city's clogged drain system to address flooding. Miami, FL CDBG Jurisdiction Environmental Health Environmental Health Index Total Population White, Non -Hispanic 50.14 Black, Non -Hispanic 41.33 Hispanic 40.34 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 48.50 Native American, Non -Hispanic 42.69 Population below Federal Poverty Line White, Non -Hispanic 45.58 Black, Non -Hispanic 40.96 83 Hispanic 40.21 Asian or Pacific Islander, Non -Hispanic 42.48 Native American, Non -Hispanic 52.73 Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Table 12 — Opportunity Indicators by Race/Ethnicity, utilizing National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) data, 2014. .; r,• ',,�• •fr. ane • } • i Janshlction Region Demographics 2910 = 75 yi While, Non -Hispanic wit Black, Non -Hispanic Native American, Non - Hispanic g; Asian/Pacific Islander, Non- F•••• Hispanic Hispanic I:•l Other, Non -Hispanic Multi -racial, Non -Hispanic TRACT WhECAP 1 i Environmental Health Index 0-10 ID. 1-20 Z0.1 -30 30.1 -40 40. 1 -50 lb 50. 1-60 Ili 601-70 70 1 - 80 80 1 - 90 ik 90.1-100 Environmental Health Index: Data not Available Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Environmental Health Index, utilizing National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) data, 2014. Broadband Access When it comes to the digital divide in Miami, broadband access of 100 Mbps and higher is readily available citywide, facilitated by 25 different providers, as reported by Broadband Search. Nevertheless, subscription rates for broadband internet services are lower in central and northern Miami. Furthermore, fiberoptic internet remains limited to certain neighborhoods, primarily those in the southern regions of the city. 84 Maximum Download Speeds, Fibe Offerings Served: 100 Mbps and higher oral Dolores Source: Florida Commerce, Faster Florida Broadband Map, 2024. Lec-d Percentage of households by t a broadband subscription Percent by census tract ■ 90.0 or more ■ 80.0 to 89.9 70.0 to 79.9 60.0 to 69.9 Less than 60-0 ■ Data not aye' eb°e The percentage of ho_ reporting a broadberc -- subscriptior of any r; ve. Zoor- r viewcounties and cen ue tracts. Source: 2017-2021 5-Year American Community Survey .ACS: Estimates, U.$. Census Bureau.: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Telecommunications and Information Administration, Access Broadband Dashboard, based on ACS 2017-20215-Year Estimates. 85 Source: Broadband Now, National Broadband Map, utilizing FCC's Form 477 bi-annual deployment information, 2024. Accessibility As shown in the table below, most of the individuals with disabilities in Miami have ambulatory difficulties, meaning they have an impairment that prevents or impedes their ability to walk. Individuals with ambulatory difficulties may be wheelchair -bound and/or use walking aids such as walkers and canes. Because of this, these individuals may have difficulty locating accessible housing, entering buildings, maneuvering in small spaces, and obtaining accessible transportation. Disability by Type in Miami, FL Disability Type # % Hearing difficulty 9,335 2.39% Vision difficulty 9,875 2.52% Cognitive difficulty 23,265 5.95% Ambulatory difficulty 30,505 7.80% 86 Self -care difficulty 13,035 3.33% Independent living difficulty 23,210 5.93% Note 1: All % represent a share of the total population within the jurisdiction or region. Source: ACS 2022 Five -Year Estimates Disability by Age Group in Miami, FL Age of People with Disabilities # Age 5-17 with Disabilities 2,330 0.60% Age 18-64 with Disabilities 24,275 6.20% Age 65+ with Disabilities 25,525 6.52% Note 1: All % represent a share of the total population within the jurisdiction or region. Source: ACS 2022 Five -Year Estimates urisdictlan AI 0 Region Disability 1 Dot = 75 Disabled Ages 5-17 Disabled Ages 18-64 �aL Disabled Over64 TRACT RFECAP I) Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Disability by Age Group, utilizing American Community Survey (ACS), 2011-2015 Inventory Management System; (IMS)/ PIH Information Center (PIC), 2019; and Tenant Rental Assistance Certification System (TRACS), 2019. 87 0 Jurisdiction Region Disability 1 Dot = 75 Hearing Disability Vision Disability .Xn Cognitive Disability TRACT RIECAP 11 Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Disability by Type: Hearing, Vision, and Cognitive Disability, utilizing American Community Survey (ACS), 2011-2015; Inventory Management System; (IMS)/ PIH Information Center (PIC), 2019; and Tenant Rental Assistance Certification System (TRACS), 2019. 88 Jurisdiction Region Disability Dot = 75 Ambulatcry Dlsabllit' G. self -Care Disablllty 'a kndependent Living Yak DlsabllltV TRACT RECAP ITh Source: HUD AFFH-T tool, Disability by Type: Ambulatory, Self -Care, and Independent Living Disability, utilizing American Community Survey (ACS), 2011-2015; Inventory Management System; (IMS)/ PIH Information Center (PIC), 2019; and Tenant Rental Assistance Certification System (TRACS), 2019. Access to Affordable Housing for Individuals with Disabilities Data has shown a severe lack of affordable, accessible, and inclusive housing for individuals with disabilities who are more than twice as likely to be low-income. Reasons for lack of access to affordable housing include low inventory of units suitable for accessible living and the costs of retrofitting a home to accommodate accessibility. Inequitable housing policies and limited housing assistance are also barriers to accessing accessible and affordable housing. There are federal, state, and local programs, particularly for seniors with disabilities, that can assist and are currently serving individuals with disabilities in the City of Miami. Disability by Publicly -Supported Housing Program Category City of Miami People with a Disability Program # Public Housing 2,730 53.75% Project -Based Section 8 541 21.92% Other Multifamily 39 4.81% 89 HCV Program 2,352 39.68% Miami -Fort Lauderdale -West Palm Beach MSA Program # % Public Housing 4,217 40.27% Project -Based Section 8 1,847 14.49% Other Multifamily 212 6.18% HCV Program N/a N/a Note 1: The definition of "disability" used by the Census Bureau may not be comparable to reporting requirements under HUD programs. Source: HUD AFFH-T tool Miami -Dade Public Housing Authority's HCV Resident Demographics # Disability Disabled and 62 and over 6,647 34.53% Disabled and Under 62 of age 2,259 13.14% Non -disabled 10,075 52.33% Source: HUD AFFH Tool Access to Broadband and Government Services for Individuals with Disabilities The City of Miami has an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) webpage on their public website with information on ADA requirements, ADA request forms, and information on how to request a sign language interpreter. This page includes the city's non-discrimination policy and public notices language, a link to the city's non-discrimination plan, information about service animal regulations, and complete contact information for the city's ADA Coordinator/Safety Officer, and Title VI Liaison. The city website also has a bright pink "Personalization Options" widget on every webpage where a user can choose font size, change the contrast, add audio and alternative text, and select other accessibility options. The widget also provides a translation feature where the user can choose between English, French, and Spanish. These features make access to the City's web -based services and outreach more accessible to underserved populations. Access to Transportation for Individuals with Disabilities Individuals with disabilities in the City of Miami can request on -demand transportation on the city's website. A phone number to make reservations for the service is provided, which can be utilized after the person has applied and been approved to use the service. Applicants must be low-income and either over the age of 65 or disabled as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Reservations must be made up to 24 hours in advance and trips can be no further than five miles in distance. The city prioritizes trips to senior centers providing hot meals and places for food procurement, government facilities, and medical facilities. 90 Miami -Dade runs the Special Transportation Service (STS) in compliance with the ADA's paratransit requirement. A national paratransit provider, Transportation America, is contracted to manage and operate over 400 vehicles in the STS fleet. The STS provides door-to-door service throughout most of Miami -Dade County for $3.50 per one-way trip. Individuals with disabilities must apply to utilize the program. Once approved, certified STS riders can also use Metrobus and Metrorail free of charge. The STS provided rides to 1.3 million individuals in 2022. The county reported receiving an average of 17 complaints per day in 2022 about the STS, which is a relatively low complaint rate of about 0.5%, and 14 complaints per day in 2021. Complaints were mostly about late drivers, no- shows, and drop-offs at the wrong locations. Paratransit vehicles must drive in regular traffic, meaning daily traffic delays can have a significant impact on their reliability. Information on how to make an ADA complaint, and how to appeal decisions about an application for the city and county -run services is available on the city and county websites. The county has a process to address issues and works closely with clients to address them. As of April 2023, the STS extended service hours for trip reservations to 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., added stand-by vehicles to minimize service delays, added personnel, and allows scheduling flexibility up to one hour before or after the requested time. Freebee and MetroConnect provide free rides to people with mobility devices. MetroConnect provides services in the Miami Civic Center zone located mostly in Brickell, Monday through Friday, 6:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., and is run by Miami -Dade County. Freebee is a free on -demand door-to-door service with several service areas around the city, including Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, Waterford Business District south of the Miami International Airport, and Downtown Miami. Hours for Freebee vary by zone but are typically seven days per week from morning to evening. To use these services, a rider must have access to smartphones and have the ability to download and use the company's phone application. Accessible vehicles must be specifically requested. Medicare recipients are eligible to apply for Miami -Dade County's Discount Fare EASY Card. With this card, they are eligible for reduced fares for Metrobus ($1.10), Metrorail ($1.10), Metrobus Express ($1.30), and Metrobus Shuttle (free), and reduced prices for one -day ($2.80), seven-day ($14.60), and one -month ($56.25) passes. Access to Education for Individuals with Disabilities Education and support services are common barriers for individuals with disabilities, and they often have limited employment options. Often, educational programs specific to individuals with disabilities are obtained through service providers. Most public schools do not have the capabilities or tools to sufficiently serve this population. The Miami -Dade Public Schools website has the entity's Accessibility Statement in a tab on the bottom of the home page, and an accessibility widget where font sizes, colors, and other features 91 can be changed to make the website more accessible. Services including school choice assistance, assistance for students with autism, and assistive technology devices are provided through the Exceptional Student Education (ESE) department, in partnership with the Florida Diagnostic and Learning Resources System -South (FLDRS-South). ESE has a website with information for parents of students with disabilities, including information on the emotional/behavioral disabilities program, in -school nursing, physical therapy, speech and language services, dyslexia and autism resources, programs for the visually impaired, and more. Project SEARCH Miami (PSM) is a one-year School -To -Work Transition Program designed for students (18-22 years of age) with disabilities who are pursuing employment. The program is a collaboration between Miami -Dade County Public Schools and the Sandra DeLucca Developmental Center, a Division of the City of Miami's Parks and Recreation Department. The Sandra DeLucca Developmental Center (SDDC) complies with Federal and State Laws and Regulations that govern the care of individuals with developmental disabilities. The SDDC is located at 4560 NW 4th Ter Miami, FL 33126 in the Flagami neighborhood. Access to Supportive Services for Individuals with Disabilities Miami-Dade's Homeless Continuum of Care is the Miami -Dade County Homeless Trust. The Homeless Trust administers and oversees competitive and dedicated funds and implementation activities, including over 100 housing and services programs operated by over 20 competitively selected non -profits and government entities. The Trust also provides a resource guide which includes information on assistance programs available in the county, including animal care services, dental services, immigration services and more. The resource guide has a section dedicated to services for individuals with disabilities. This section provides information on 23 programs available to people in Miami, including key disability -focused organizations like the local Agency for Persons with disabilities, the Center for Independent Living of South Florida, and the Disability Rights Florida Information and Referral Unit. Economic Development Qualitative data identified low wages and a need for job training programs as their top employment issues for underserved communities in the City of Miami. The city's 2019-2023 Consolidated Plan found that its employed population 16 years and older is primarily employed in "educational services, health care and social assistance" (16.2 percent) followed by "arts, entertainment, and recreation and accommodation and food services" (15.2 percent). These are low wage sectors with wages near or below minimum wage. As noted in the Access to Affordable Housing section of this Al report, concentrations of Black residents, poverty, and health and wellness indicators today align very closely with the Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlined neighborhoods of the 1930s. Redlined neighborhoods in north-west and north -central Miami are where most of the R/ECAP with high unemployment and a low Labor Index score are located. Unemployment and Labor Market Index 92 scores are lowest in the Liberty City/Model City Corridor, the Little Haiti Corridor, and in Census tracts 31003, 31002, and 30001 of the Midtown/Overtown/Downtown Corridor. Three Community Redevelopment Areas (CRAs) are located within the City of Miami: Midtown Miami CRA, Omni CRA, and Southeast Overtown/Park West CRA. These CRAs are clustered near downtown Miami where existing land use regulations and development provide potential for growth of housing, public services, transportation services, and jobs. The neighborhoods located within the boundaries of these CRAs have access to tax increment financing (TIF) revenue and corresponding Redevelopment Plans, adding an additional layer of planning for growth. Due to revitalization efforts of the Omni CRA, areas of this district like the Arts and Entertainment District, Wynwood, and South Edgewater have seen significant growth and are economically thriving. Other neighborhoods within this CRA, including parts of Overtown and South Wynwood, have seen slow growth, in part due to industrial land use in those areas. The Omni CRA recently expanded west to incorporate the Allapattah neighborhood, and east to incorporate more of the Watson Island neighborhood. The Omni CRA 2023 Redevelopment Plan identifies the need for mixed -income housing, small business retention, and overall beautification in Allapattah, and pedestrian connections and infrastructure improvements in Watson Island. 93 LOCAL AND STATE POLICIES AND PRACTICES IMPACTING FAIR HOUSING Introduction Government regulations including land use/zoning codes and building codes adopted by a jurisdiction have the potential to impact the cost of housing and limit the supply of affordable housing, which impedes fair housing choice. Recognizing institutional, regulatory, or policy barriers to development and promotion of access to affordable housing is important to determine effective strategies for mitigating fair housing issues. Impact of Zoning and Site Selection on Affordable Housing The City of Miami implements zoning through a form -based code (Miami 21) with zones T-3 (more suburban development style) to T-6 (more urban development style) with additional zones for workplace, industrial, waterfront industrial, and civic institution health districts, as well as special district regulations laid out in the appendices of the code. Areas of the city in the Rapid Transit Zone (RTZ) defined in Miami -Dade County's zoning regulations are also subject to regulations associated with that zone. The local T-4 through T-6 zones promote housing options since they are generally more permissive. Regulatory highlights include the following, some of which could be evaluated for further expansion to zones where they are not currently applicable: • Permissive density and housing type allowances; • Minimum height requirements in T-5 and T-6; • Residential parking reduction in zones T-4 through T-6 via shared parking reductions and reductions in transit -oriented development or transit corridor areas, in addition to general parking reductions for housing for low-income households and the "elderly" (which require approval processes above and beyond the by -right approval process); • Co -living allowances in T-5 and T-6 zones; and • Public benefit and housing benefit programs that provide floor -lot -ratio, height, density, parking, and other incentives in exchange for affordable/workforce housing units. Several special districts promote transit -oriented development and other high -density mixed -use development, including a public benefits program specific to the Wynwood area with incentives for workforce housing. RTZ regulations are also relatively permissive and in certain cases include mandatory inclusionary housing requirements for affordable units, with the caveat that within the RTZ, the SMART 94 Corridor Subzone regulations that apply within municipalities exclude areas zoned for or developed with single- and two-family housing that is not part of a mixed -use development. The downtown areas of Miami, well-resourced areas, and other thoroughfares throughout other parts of the city have relatively permissive zoning allowances. The more restrictive T-3 zoning intended for low -density, single family or twin -home development remains prevalent across portions of the city which may limit options for increasing access to an affordable and diverse housing stock, particularly outside R/ECAP areas. Most T-3 zoned sites were developed many years ago and the city has limited developable land. Recognizing this, there may be an opportunity to consider upzoning as a targeted approach or to align with Miami -Dade county's SMART Corridor approach to support access to affordable housing in the historically low -density T-3 zones. Outside of restrictive zoning, additional indirect barriers on housing types and density may limit housing choice. These barriers may impact unit production, particularly where multi -family is allowed but also in single-family home areas if there are small lots where building or rehabilitation is constrained due to restrictive land development regulations and where ancillary units (accessory dwelling units) and co -living are not currently allowed. Land Use Regulations Areas in the SMART Corridor Subzone of the RTZ that are not in certain areas designated as Urban Center are governed by mixed -use policies in the county's Comprehensive Development Master Plan and associated land development regulations in the Code of Ordinances. Since the county's zoning map indicates that the designated Urban Centers are located outside of Miami, regulations applying outside these areas are summarized below: • For areas outside the Urban Center zoning districts but within an Urban Center radius defined by the CDMP, there are minimum FAR requirements and permissive density maximums; additionally, there are minimum densities for residential development near proposed or existing rapid transit stations. • For SMART Corridor subzone lands inside Rapid Transit Activity Corridor but outside the designated Urban Center radius, there are minimum FAR requirements and a height bonus for workforce housing units (WHUs): "Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, in accordance with Article XIIA of Chapter 33, the Director may approve an increase of two additional stories about the maximum allowable height to accommodate development of WHUs, subject to compatibility and other building placement and design standards set forth in this section" Regarding station areas, there are additional RTZ regulations for non-Metrorail development around certain stations within the City of Miami (Sec. 33C-8 of Miami -Dade Code of Ordinances). These regulations include minimum mixed -use requirements, which when development includes 95 residential, include an inclusionary housing mandate: "All residential or mixed -use developments, including those which obtained LEED or similar organization certification, located within any of the Rapid Transit Zones, with more than 4 residential units, shall provide a minimum of 12.5% of their units as work force housing units." There are also specific RTZ subzones for certain station areas promoting additional transit -oriented development via permissive allowances relative to single-family zoning areas. In contrast to these areas with more permissive regulations, and in some cases, explicit affordable housing requirements, the city's local T-3 zone is the most restrictive in terms of housing type; it does not permit multi -family housing, and certain subzones do not permit duplexes. This zone also has the most restrictive density allowances and other applicable land development regulations restricting how much housing can be built. Public benefit and housing benefit incentive programs in the Miami 21 code do not apply in T-3 zones. This zone is still prevalent in the city, creating a barrier to providing additional housing in these areas. Minimum Lot Sizes Minimum lot sizes restrict the number of units that can be built in areas zoned for single-family units and possible subdivision of lots for additional infill development. The T-3 zone currently has a minimum lot area of 5,000 square feet. Setbacks and Max Lot Coverage City regulations include setback and max lot coverage requirements, which can generally limit the buildable area on a site. There may be marginal adjustments possible to the current regulations that may facilitate further housing unit production. These regulations should be coordinated with stormwater management needs. Ancillary Unit Allowances Ancillary units are not currently allowed in all zones where single-family homes are allowed, limiting opportunities to provide additional units everywhere that a single-family home might be built. Co -Living Allowances Co -living defined as "Communal living quarters consisting of Co -Living Rooms each with a private bathroom and shared unit space including full kitchen facilities with direct access to the outside or a common hall" provides an additional housing type option for sharing a residence. This option is only allowed in zones T-5 and T-6. 96 On -Site Open Space Requirements in T5 and T6 Open space needs could potentially be met through accessible public parks and open space, allowing more buildable area on private development sites in conjunction with other requirements affecting buildable area. Regulatory Incentives In addition to building incentives offered via previously mentioned public and housing benefit programs, general regulatory incentives offered, but lacking specific locational criteria that would facilitate these developments in well-resourced areas, include: • Impact fee deferrals and waivers, as well as waiver of the air quality fee in the Southeast Overtown/Park West Development area and interim proprietary and general service fee; • Flexibility with tree protection bonds and tree replacement requirements; • Alternative standards for green building; and • Required incentives of the State Housing Incentives Partnership (SHIP) program (Florida Statute 420.9071(18)): expedited permitting and an ongoing review process of local policies, ordinances, regulations, and plan provisions that increase the cost of housing prior to their adoption. Live Local Act Land Use and Tax Exemptions The Live Local Act was signed into State law in March 2023. Among other provisions, it included new land use -related preemptions and authorization of tax exemptions to increase affordable housing production. These provisions may affect the location and siting of affordable housing in the city, but do not have any explicit locational criteria for their use with regards to well-resourced and under-resourced areas. Land Use Standards Preempts local use, density, and height standards for multi -family or mixed -use rental development in any area zoned for commercial, industrial, or mixed use and in which at least 40% of units are affordable for households up to 120% AMI for at least 30 years. The development must be administratively approved if it meets multi -family land development regulations of the city and is consistent with the comprehensive plan. There are additional conditions for cities and certain multi -county independent special districts with less than 20% of land designated for commercial and industrial use. Projects eligible for this tool are entitled to the following standards: • Use: allowed to build multifamily rental or mixed -use in commercial, industrial, or mixed - use zones without a zoning or land development change • Density: highest density allowed on any land in the City or County where residential development is allowed 97 • Height: highest currently allowed height for a commercial or residential development within 1 mile of the proposed development or 3 stories, whichever is higher Local Option for Affordable Housing Property Tax Exemption Authorizes local governments to provide property tax exemptions for specified affordable housing developments that contain 50 or more units, at least 20% of which are affordable to households at or below 60% AMI; the exemption applies to affordable units only. The amount of exemption is based on the share of units that is affordable. The city has not currently adopted this optional tax exemption. Tax Exemption for Nonprofit Land Use for Affordable Housing with a 99-Year Ground Lease Applies to land (excluding improvements) owned entirely by nonprofit that is leased for a minimum of 99 years and is predominantly used to provide affordable housing to households up to 120% AMI; "predominantly used" means that square footage of improvements on the land for affordable housing is greater than 50% of all the square footage of improvements. This section of State statutes already allowed a tax exemption for property owned entirely by a non-profit used to provide affordable housing at moderate incomes and below. "Missing Middle" Property Tax Exemption Applies to newly constructed multi -family developments that have more than 70 affordable units for households up to 120% AMI; tax exemption only applies to affordable units. Exemption amount is tiered based on income brackets served. Policy Impact on Equitable Access to Homeownership Land Use and Zoning Policies The City of Miami adheres to both federal law (Fair Housing Act) and Miami -Dade County's Code to define unlawful housing practices. Miami -Dade County's civil and human rights ordinance, codified as Chapter 11A, (Article II, Sec. 11A-12) of the Miami -Dade County Code (as amended), specifies the classes protected from housing discrimination in Miami -Dade County and as such, in the City of Miami. These protected classes are as follows: race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, sex, pregnancy, age, disability, marital status, familial status, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, actual or perceived status as a victim of domestic violence, dating violence or stalking, and/or source of income. A sizable share of land is zoned for low -density, single-family development, which may restrict availability of relatively affordable smaller units via condominiums and small-scale multi -family that could be owner -occupied; availability of smaller units could assist households in some lower income brackets afford home ownership, yet this strategy would not explicitly be tied to specific protected classes. 98 Property Tax Policies By statute the state allows homeowners to homestead a property. A homestead exemption applies to a person who, on January 1, has the legal title or beneficial title in equity to real property in this state and who in good faith makes the property his or her permanent residence or the permanent residence of another or others legally or naturally dependent upon him or her, is entitled to an exemption from all taxation, except for assessments for special benefits, up to the assessed valuation of $25,000 on the residence and contiguous real property. An additional homestead exemption on the assessed valuation greater than $50,000 for all levies other than school district levies is automatically applied to any property that receives the original $25,000 exemption. The City of Miami's property tax policies are found in Chapter 56 of the municipal code. In accordance with Article VII, Subsection 6(f), Florida Constitution, and F.S. § 196.075, the city authorizes an additional homestead exemption for any person who has the legal or equitable title to real estate and maintains thereon the permanent residence of the owner, who has attained age 65, and whose household income does not exceed $20,000. The additional homestead exemption applies only to ad valorem taxes levied by the City of Miami. The amount of the additional homestead exemption is $50,000. The City of Miami provides an additional homestead exemption for persons 65 and older if the amount of the assessed value of the property with a just value less than $250,000 for any person who has been the owner for at least 25 years, and whose household income does not exceed the income limitation set forth in F.S. § 196.075(3). State tax exemptions also include: • Certain disabled veterans and surviving spouses • Certain totally and permanently disabled first responders and surviving spouses • Disabled ex-servicemember or surviving spouse • Totally and permanently disabled persons • Widows, widowers, blind persons, and persons totally and permanently disabled Lending Practices Homeownership is vital to a community's economic well-being and lending policies and procedures can have a significant impact on fair housing choice. To satisfy the requirements of fair housing law, all persons must have the ability to live where they want and can afford. Prospective homebuyers need access to mortgage credit, and programs that offer homeownership should be available without discrimination. The task in this Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) analysis is to determine the degree to which the housing needs of Miami residents are being met by home loan lenders. 99 HMDA, enacted by Congress in 1975, is implemented by the Federal Reserve Board's Regulation C. The regulations apply to certain financial institutions including banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other mortgage lending institutions. The HMDA's objectives include ensuring that borrowers and loan applicants receive fair treatment in the home loan market. HMDA information is collected from public lending institutions and discloses public loan data used to: • Determine if financial institutions are serving community housing needs; • Assist public officials with public sector investment to help attract private investment to areas of need; and • Identify possible discriminatory lending patterns and enforce anti -discrimination statutes. Data provided by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), includes the type, purpose, and characteristics of each home mortgage application that lenders receive during the calendar year. Data is provided for the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Data indicates there are much fewer applications for home loans from the Asian population in Miami followed by the Black population. There is a large Hispanic population in Miami making up 54,142 of home loan applications across all incomes, as reported in 2022. For all income categories Asian and Blacks experience a lower rate of loan origination, and Black and Hispanic populations experience higher rates of loan denial. Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data also reports loans originated by census tract. A review of this data shows that of the total loans originated in the MSA in 2022, 200 loans originated within Miami's R/ECAP areas (https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-publication/aggregate- reports/2022/FL/33124/1). Loan originations within the R/ECAPs show higher rates of conventional loans than FHA/VA, meaning higher credit scores and higher down payments were most likely required. Data is not available for the number of these loans that may have received public assistance for down -payment or closing costs. The benefit to obtaining conventional loans is the avoidance of private mortgage insurance required by FHA or VA loan products which increases the mortgage payment. 100 Loan Approval and Denial Rates by Applicant Race/Ethnicity Miami -Miami Beach -Kendall MSA, 2022 Applicant Income Non -Hispanic Hispanic White Black Asian Other* Low Income (0 — 50% AMI) Total Applications 3,906 751 110 52 3,352 Loan Origination Rate 30% 20% 25% 17% 28% Loan Denial Rate** 43% 49% 44%% 56% 46% Moderate Income (50 — 100% AMI) Total Applications 7,326 1,664 147 108 7,155 Loan Originated Rate 37% 32% 24% 29% 36% Loan Denial Rate** 37% 38% 46% 43% 38% High Income (100% AMI and over) Total Applications 55,026 5,388 1,623 434 43,635 Loan Origination Rate 54% 43% 50% 37% 53% Loan Denial Rate** 21% 27% 21% 29% 22% *Includes American Indians and Alaskan Natives, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, and persons of other or multiple races. Note: Analysis is based on applicants only and does not include co -applicants. **Applications denied by financial institution. Does not include applications approved but not accepted; application withdrawn by applicant; file closed for incompleteness; preapproval request denied by financial institution. Source: FFIEC 2022 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data 101 Local Funding Sources The city provides SHIP funding to lower income residents to assist them with homeownership and help lower income homeowners maintain their residences. SHIP strategies include: • Emergency Home Repair Assistance Program: Provide emergency repair assistance to owner -occupied single-family homes. The city will provide assistance to carry out limited repairs such as roofing, electrical and plumbing to immediately rectify potentially hazardous conditions that threaten the safety and health of the occupants of the home. This supports homeownership by helping low-income owners maintain and stay in their homes. • Single -Family Rehabilitation Program: helps low-income homeowners maintain and stay in their homes by providing rehabilitation assistance to residents who live in single family owner- occupied properties located within the corporate limits of the City of Miami. The city will provide assistance to complete needed repairs such as roofing, plumbing and electrical work to meet the decent, safe and sanitary standard conditions after rehabilitation. • Single -Family Replacement Housing Program: helping current homeowners, this program is designed to address substandard or dilapidated housing where the cost of repairs cannot be addressed through the SHIP and/or CDBG assisted Single Family Rehabilitation Programs ($50,000 in rehab.) Under this strategy, only single-family residential properties which are beyond repair and unsafe for human habitation will be provided assistance. • Homebuyers Financing Program: Provides down payment, closing cost and/or mortgage financing assistance to eligible persons and households who are first time homebuyers to purchase a newly constructed or existing residential property within the City of Miami. • Homeownership Development Program: Designed to promote and create affordable homeownership opportunities for families and individuals. SHIP Program funds reserved for this strategy will be used to assist not -for -profit and for -profit housing developers or the city. SHIP funds reserved for this strategy will be utilized by the City of Miami to finance the project cost associated with site development, hard and soft construction financing, and permanent financing. • Rental Housing Development Program: Designed to promote and create affordable housing opportunities for families and individuals and support upward mobility to homeownership. SHIP Program funds reserved for this strategy will be used to assist not - for -profit and for -profit housing developers or the city. SHIP funds will be utilized to finance the project cost associated with site development, hard and soft construction 102 financing and permanent financing associated with the development of affordable housing units. State and Federal Funding Impact on Affordable Housing The city and Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA) administer funding programs that support the provision of affordable housing based on place -based improvements and affordable housing development, which in general can affect siting of new affordable housing units. State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program (SHIP) The SHIP program is a state funded program intended to increase or preserve affordable housing. SHIP grantees are required every three years to develop a Local Housing Assistance Plan (LHAP). The LHAP lays out the strategies for use of SHIP funds provided to the city. Strategies include emergency home repair, single-family rehabilitation, single-family replacement home program, homebuyer financing, disaster relief, homeownership housing development, and rental housing development. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) The city is an entitlement community for the CDBG program, which provides funding for a wide range of community development needs. As a recipient of federal funding, the city is obligated to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing (AFFH) and certifies this through the development of the HUD -Five -Year Consolidated Plan. The city also utilizes this federal funding source to develop fair housing plans, such as this Analysis of Impediments. The city funds several activities under the CDBG program intended to support access to fair and affordable housing including housing rehabilitation and supportive public services. HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME) The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) provides funding for a wide range of activities including building, buying, and/or rehabilitating affordable housing for rent or homeownership or providing direct rental assistance to low-income people. HOME is the largest federal block grant to state and local governments designed exclusively to create affordable housing for low-income households. Through the HOME program the city allocates funds strictly for activities that produce or preserve affordable housing including new construction of rental and owner housing, and purchase assistance. Community Redevelopment Area Tax Increment Funding The 2019 OMNI Redevelopment Plan notes as a strategy development of inclusionary zoning for housing, as well as options for programmatic assistance to providers of affordable housing. Much 103 of this redevelopment area is outside of R/ECAP areas, promoting more housing options in well- resourced areas. The 2018 Southeast Overtown/Park West Redevelopment Plan includes project area improvements that include direction for developers to build more residential units and programmatic strategies that include periodically updating housing policy, land acquisition, seeking public/private development opportunities, establishing a residential village, and a home ownership pre -qualification and counseling program to meet housing goals of infill, diversity, and retaining affordability. This redevelopment area is primarily in R/ECAP areas. Policy Impact on Access to Economic Opportunity The strategies that provide access to opportunity via local business development generally do not have specific provisions for protected classes; consequently, the impacts on protected classes would need to be evaluated to see if they indeed are gaining more access to economic opportunities and potential negative impacts (e.g., housing price pressure from higher property values) are mitigated. Strategies include the following: • ACCESS Miami: Provides resources to promote financial and economic prosperity to City residents and businesses. • The Opportunity Center: Connects job seekers and employers. • EMPOWER60: A four-hour course for residents aged 60 and over to create individual civic engagement plans that include among other topics education and economic access. • Accelerate Change Together: Aimed at strengthening the community's capacity to collaboratively plan and carry out strategies to close the social determinant of health equity gap for the LGBTQIA+ community. • Inclusive Arts Miami: aimed at empowering local artists and generating positive socioeconomic change for vulnerable populations. Access to economic opportunity is also provided with affordable public transportation options. Miami -Dade County provides transit services in the Miami area, including Metrobus, Metrorail, Metromover (free elevated people mover), and Special Transportation Service (shared -ride public transportation service in compliance with complementary paratransit service provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act). The Special Transportation Service is focused on service for people with disabilities who cannot use Metrobus, Metrorail, or Metromover services. Additional rail service in Miami is available via Tri-Rail provided by the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority and private rail service operated by Brightline. 104 Policy Impact on Accessibility Building Codes An important way that state and local governments impact fair housing choice for individuals with disabilities is through the building and construction codes adopted and enforced in their jurisdictions. While federal housing discrimination laws impose design and building accessibility standards for certain housing and public facilities, Congress and HUD place the direct responsibility of meeting those federal standards on the architects/designers, builders, and operators of the covered accommodations, and do not require or authorize local government authorities to interpret or enforce federal accessibility requirements. All construction in the City of Miami is done in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Florida Fire Prevention Code, and the International Property Maintenance Code as amended. The Florida Building Code includes the primary guidance containing scoping and technical requirements for accessibility to sites, facilities, buildings, and elements by individuals with disabilities. The requirements are to be applied during the design, construction, additions to, and alteration of sites, facilities, buildings, and elements. The 1993 Florida Legislature enacted the "Florida Americans with Disability Accessibility Implementation Act" which incorporated the architectural accessibility requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 into Florida law and maintained existing provisions of Florida law thought to be more stringent than the ADA accessibility guidelines. In 1997 the legislature amended the Act to address U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) concerns with Florida requirements, which might not have been equivalent or more stringent than ADA architectural standards, to obtain federal certification of Florida's building code as substantially equivalent to the Federal ADA Standards for Accessible Design as adopted by the DOJ in 28 CFR 36. Zoning Community Residential Homes The Fair Housing Act includes protections for individuals with disabilities that reside in community residential homes. The city's supplemental regulations on Community Residences and Adult Family Care Homes (Miami 21 Sec. 6.1 and 6.2), including spacing requirements, comply with State law. Blanket spacing provisions should be reviewed for conflicts or violations of the Fair Housing Act. HUD Guidance in the Joint Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Department of Justice, State and Local Land Use Laws and Practices and the Application of the Fair Housing Act state: "In a community where a certain number of unrelated persons are permitted by local ordinance to reside together in a home, it would violate the Fair Housing Act for the local ordinance to impose a spacing requirement on group homes that do not exceed that permitted number of residents because the spacing requirement would be a condition imposed on individuals with disabilities that is not imposed on individuals without disabilities." 105 HUD has determined that an across-the-board spacing requirement may discriminate against individuals with disabilities in some residential areas. Standards that state or local governments adopt should evaluate the location of group homes for individuals with disabilities on a case -by - case basis taking into consideration factors such as over -concentration of group homes and the ability of individuals with disabilities to live in integrated settings. Visitability Visitability is a voluntary standard endorsed by HUD to allow mobility impaired persons to visit families and friends where this would not otherwise be possible. Visitability is a growing trend nationwide. The term refers to single-family or owner -occupied housing designed in such a way that it can be lived in or visited by people who have trouble with steps or who use wheelchairs or walkers. Neither federal nor State law establishes visitability requirements. Three architectural conditions usually distinguish a visitable home: (1) one entrance with no steps, (2) doorways at least 32 inches wide, and (3) at least one half -bathroom on the main floor. According to the AARP's "Increasing Home Access: Designing for Visitability" study, surveys show that older persons want to remain in their homes as long as possible and individuals with disabilities want the opportunity to live in affordable, accessible housing. The challenge is that most existing single-family housing and most new homes have steps at the entrance and narrow interior doorways making the home unsafe or uninhabitable for a resident with a disability, and difficult for friends or relatives with disabilities to visit. The benefits of visitability include: • An increase in the availability of housing options for individuals who may not require full accessibility; • Providing property owners with assistance in making reasonable accommodations and reducing, in some cases, the need for structural modifications or transfers when individuals become disabled in place; and • Improvement in the marketability of units. The City of Miami does not have a visitability ordinance or a written visitability policy. However, when administering its Owner -Occupied Repairs Program, the city ensures compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and related accessibility requirements. The city has adopted the Florida Building Code, which includes compliance with the 2020 Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction adopted pursuant to Section 553.503, Florida Statutes. The Florida Housing Finance Corporation has also adopted Universal Design and Visitability Features in all State funded developments that involve new construction and rehabilitation of housing units. The Florida Accessibility Code expands the requirements of the Fair Housing Act and the ADA standards by requiring that all new single-family houses, duplexes, triplexes, condominiums, and townhouses provide at least one bathroom with a door that has a 29-inch clear opening on each 106 habitable grade level. This provision in the Florida Accessibility Codes promotes the concept of visitability and the city does make accessibility improvements in accordance with the building code and rehabilitation standards. Fair Housing Partners In enforcing fair housing law, the City of Miami partners locally with Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence (H.O.P.E., Inc.) to educate residents, landlords, and developers on their fair housing rights and responsibilities and refers housing discrimination complaints to this organization. The city also refers complaints and fair housing issues to state or federal agencies including HUD, the Florida Commission on Human Relations (FCHR), and Legal Services of Greater Miami. The following entities provide fair housing enforcement and/or education and outreach. Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence, Inc. (HOPE, Inc.) A private fair housing, not -for -profit, 501 (c) 3 corporation established in 1988, dedicated to eliminating housing discrimination and promoting fair housing, HOPE, Inc. employs a three -tiered system of private enforcement, education outreach and counseling to achieve its mission: to fight housing discrimination in Miami -Dade and Broward Counties and to promote equal housing opportunities throughout Florida. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HUD is the primary federal agency enforcing fair housing law and handles most housing discrimination complaints. Two HUD programs are dedicated to the enforcement of the Fair Housing Act: Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) and Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP). HUD's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) is responsible for administering FHIP, FHAP, and HUD's investigation of fair housing and fair lending complaints. When a complaint is filed with any jurisdiction, HUD is notified of the complaint. HUD will notify the violator of the complaint and permit all parties involved an opportunity to submit an answer. HUD will conduct investigations of the complaint to determine whether there is reasonable cause to believe the federal Fair Housing Act has been violated. The complainant is then notified. A case is typically heard in an Administrative Hearing unless one party wants the case to be heard in the Federal District Court. Florida Commission on Human Relations (FCHR) The State of Florida has also adopted fair housing laws. HUD has determined that the Florida Fair Housing Act (FFHA) is substantially equivalent to the federal Fair Housing Act meaning that the State law covers the protected classes in the Fair Housing Act. The state or local law may also provide additional protected classes as is the case in Florida where it is unlawful to discriminate in land use decisions or in the permitting of developments based on protected characteristics or based on the source of financing of a development or proposed development. The FFHA also 107 protects persons who are pregnant or in the process of becoming legal custodians of children 18 years of age or younger, or persons who are themselves handicapped or associated with a handicapped person. State and local government agencies certified by HUD to enforce state or local fair housing laws that are substantially equivalent to the Fair Housing Act receive FHAP funds. HUD provides funding to the FCHR, the agency charged with enforcing the state's civil rights laws, including the FFHA. Through annual work share agreements FCHR receives and investigates housing discrimination complaints referred to by HUD. HUD provides FHAP funding for processing dual -filed complaints, training, provision of technical assistance, the creation and maintenance of data information systems, and the development and enhancement of education and outreach projects, special enforcement efforts, partnership initiatives, and other fair housing projects. FCHR prevents unlawful discrimination by ensuring that all people have access to equal opportunities in employment, housing, and public accommodations. When the Commission receives a complaint, and determines it is timely and jurisdictional, it will be investigated. The Commission will work with HUD to ensure the complaint is thoroughly investigated. Once the Commission reaches a decision, the complainant will receive instructions on how to seek the remedies provided for under the law. Possible remedies for housing discrimination include injunctions, restraining orders, damages, court costs and attorney fees. Miami -Dade Commission on Human Rights The Commission on Human Rights Board ("CHR Board") is a quasi-judicial, as well as advisory, board charged with the enforcement of Miami -Dade County's Human Rights Ordinance, Chapter 11A of the Miami -Dade County Code, as amended. Legal Services of Greater Miami Legal Services of Greater Miami is a non-profit law firm that advocates removing legal barriers to economic prosperity and to achieve a more just and equitable community. Fair Housing Legal Status A review of fair housing complaint data helps identify trends in housing discrimination to inform specific fair housing actions that may be needed to address the cause of any trends. The Department of Justice The Department of Justice documents one case of fair housing enforcement activity in the past five years: United States v. Brisas del Mar Ltd Partnership, et al. (S.D. Fla.) On September 7, 2021, the court entered a consent order in United States v. Brisas del Mar Ltd Partnership, et al. (S.D. Fla.). The Fair Housing Act complaint, which was filed on August 31, 2021, alleges that the owners and managers of a rental property in Miami, Florida discriminated on the 108 basis of national origin when they rejected a man of Iranian descent for a unit because he was not Hispanic. The consent order requires the defendants to pay $21,500 in damages to the HUD complainant, attend fair housing training, and submit to other standard injunctive relief. The case was referred to the Division after the Department of Housing and Urban Development received a complaint, conducted an investigation, and issued a charge of discrimination. Florida Commission on Human Relations (FCHR) Data from the Florida Commission on Human Relations (county level) revealed approximately 133 housing discrimination cases filed in Miami -Dade County over a three-year period. Most of the cases filed claimed discrimination based on disability at 44% of all cases, followed by race at 23%, national origin at 6%, familial status at 4%, sex at 2%, and retaliation at 2%. Out of the total 133 cases filed, 60 have been closed. The rest are still seeking resolution. Closure reasons vary with most cases being closed due to no cause being found after investigation. Some cases were intake closures at about 21%, a few cases were resolved through conciliation, 5 were withdrawn with settlement, and 1 case found cause based on disability. The Florida Commission on Human Rights only provides data by county; therefore, data is not available to determine which cases were within Miami city limits. City of Miami / Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence (HOPE) The City of Miami collaborates with HOPE to monitor fair housing complaints through a call intake. The most recent data available is from 2023 and indicates the hotline received 85 calls during the year with the majority of calls coming from zip codes 33125, 33147, and 33142. Thirty-nine callers reported being of the Black race and 38 callers reported being Hispanic. Six intakes claimed discrimination based on disability, 5 based on race, 3 based on national origin, 1 based on age or gender, 1 based on sexual orientation, and 68 calls reported a basis of "other". Complaints reported through the hotline were referred to several agencies including HUD, Legal Services, MD Emergency Rental Assistance and Housing Assist Network, HAND, and Miami Homeless Housing, Chapman Partnership & Carrefour. Fair Housing Testing In collaboration with HOPE the city also conducts testing to ensure compliance with fair housing regulations and identify discriminatory patterns. In 2023, 9 properties were tested based on complaints of racial discrimination. For two of the properties tested results supported allegations of discrimination based on race. 109 Fair Housing Compliance Federal Compliance Efforts As a recipient of federal grant funds through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the City of Miami is obligated to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing (AFFH) and will comply through the development of this fair housing plan. The city also collaborates with various public service organizations throughout the region to assure that any discriminatory housing practices are eliminated, including the local and surrounding public housing authorities. The city collaborates with HOPE and directs fair housing complaints to them for resolution or enforcement. The complies with fair housing requirements through the following activities: • Fair Housing Monitoring: HOPE recently monitored four City of Miami funded projects for compliance check with fair housing and affirmative marketing requirements • Conducting Testing: in 2023 twelve random rental buildings in the city were tested to ensure compliance with fair housing regulations • Fair Housing Education: the city provides fair housing and/or fair lending educational outreach sessions benefitting community -based organizations and local housing industry professionals. The contract with HOPE calls for at least ten informational sessions. • Workshops: An annual workshop is held for City staff. The last annual workshop was held online on 4/21/23 with HOPE, Inc. • Participation in Fair Housing Month: the city issues a Fair Housing Proclamation every year in April and recognizes Fair Housing Month. • Distributing Information: the city distributes flyers on fair housing protected classes to city locations throughout the year and takes materials to city events. The City of Miami is also obligated to comply with the Fair Housing Act and its amendments, which expanded the Fair Housing Act and established terms to enforce harsher penalties for those who sell or rent property and discriminate against individuals with disabilities. Additional laws the City of Miami is obligated to comply with due to receipt of federal assistance is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (which applies to programs and activities receiving federal funds), Titles II and III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (which apply to programs, services, and activities provided or made available by public entities and to public accommodations, respectively), and the Architectural Barriers Act (which applies to federal facilities). Any housing (including single family detached homes) constructed by federal, state, or local government entities or constructed using federal funds may be subject to accessibility requirements under these laws. Housing funded by HUD also must meet the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) or a standard that is equivalent or stricter. Under the UFAS, all federally assisted new construction housing developments with five or more units must design and construct 5% of the dwelling units, or at least one unit, whichever is greater, to be accessible 110 for persons with mobility disabilities. An additional 2% of the dwelling units, or at least one unit, whichever is greater, must be accessible for persons with hearing or visual disabilities. State Compliance Efforts To ensure additional enforcement of fair housing laws, the State of Florida implemented the Florida Landlord/Tenant Law. The Florida Landlord/Tenant Law was enacted to govern the rental of dwelling units and the rights and obligations of landlord and tenant. HB 1417 (2023) recently pre-empted local authority for regulating residential tenancies, landlord -tenant relationships, and other matters related to residential tenancies, which potentially included more stringent tenant protection practices at the local level. Complaint Process The city's housing partners mentioned above all have online websites available to the public advising people about their services and providing additional fair housing resources. Each organization also provides contact information and information on how to file a complaint should someone feel they have been discriminated against. If an individual feels that they have been discriminated against regarding the purchase or rental of housing, they may contact H.O.P.E. Inc. or the Florida Commission on Human Relations (FCHR) to file a formal complaint. Further, if an individual feels that their housing rights have been violated and would like to make a complaint to HUD, they have one year from the date of occurrence to file a formal report. HUD will initiate an investigation and if it is determined that there is reasonable cause to believe discrimination has occurred the Secretary of HUD will charge the respondent with violating fair housing laws. Upon a formal charge being issued a HUD Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) will hear the case and issue an initial decision. In the event the parties involved elect to have their case heard in federal court the Department of Justice (DOJ) will commence a civil action. 111 FAIR HOUSING STRATEGIC PLAN Fair Housing Goals # Fair Housing Issue Action Goals Partners Potential Funding 1 Access to an affordable and diverse housing stock. 1) Consider conducting a feasibility study to evaluate and identify potential opportunities for zoning reform providing allowances for: • Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) • Co -living spaces 2) Coordinate with local and regional Community Land Trusts (CLTs) to identify opportunities for this model to strengthen and support affordable rental and homeownership opportunities within city limits. ✓ City of Miami Housing & Community Development ✓ City of Miami Planning Department ✓ Miami City Commission ✓ South Florida Community Land Trust (SFCLT) ✓ Miami Homes For All ✓ Local Anchor Institutions ✓ Developers p • City of Miami general revenue • Federal planning grants including Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), HOME Investments Partnership Program (HOME), Section 8, and HUD's Choice Neighborhoods Planning Grants • State planning grants, such as SHIP 112 and Florida Commerce's Community Planning Technical Assistance Grants • Historic Rehabilitation Tax Cred its 2 Access to affordable homeownership in shifting markets 1) Provide housing rehabilitation in conjunction with purchase assistance to increase access to affordable homeownership opportunities. 2) Evaluate the city's purchase assistance programs to make policies market responsive by considering the allowance of appraisal gaps (with a cap), interest rate buy -downs, buyer agent commissions, and home inspection fees allowable costs. ✓ City of Miami Housing & Community Development ✓ Florida Housing Coalition ✓ Lenders, Mortgage Brokers, Title Companies • Federal planning grants including Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and HOME Investments Partnership Program (HOME) • State planning grants, such as SHIP and Florida Commerce's Community Planning Technical Assistance Grants 113 • Federal planning grants including Community ✓ City of Miami Housing & Development Block Availability of public Community Development Grant (CDBG) and transportation and 1) When state or federal funds HOME Investments 3 reliable, safe connectivity to community assets, particularly in lower- are committed to a project, consider giving extra points to developers building affordable housing near ,/ City of Miami Planning Department ,/ City of Miami Partnership Program (HOME) • State Housing income transportation hubs. Transportation & Initiatives neighborhoods. Roadways Partnership Program (SHIP) ✓ Miami City Commission • City of Miami general revenue Aging housing stock reducing the 1) Review state and federal funding allocations to identify opportunities to direct additional funding towards ✓ City of Miami Housing & Community Development • City of Miami general revenue 4 preservation of owner -occupied housing • Federal planning existing affordable units. rehabilitation or to help remedy code compliance violations. ✓ Cityof Miami Code Compliance grants including Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), 114 2) Consider providing educational opportunities or materials for homeowners to learn about code compliance and housing code requirements. 3) Utilize housing rehabilitation programs to preserve owner- occupied homes, including historical homes, to maintain housing stability for homeowners and build generational wealth. ✓ City Office of Resilience and Sustainability ✓ City Historic Preservation Division HOME Investments Partnership Program (HOME) • State planning grants, such as SHIP and Florida Commerce's Community Planning Technical Assistance Grants 5 Loss of affordable units, particularly rental units, due to impacts of natural disasters, expiration of affordability periods, or private use as short-term rentals. 1) Consider conducting a study to determine the vulnerability of housing available to low -and moderate -income persons to hazards and disasters including storm related flooding, wind, heat, air quality, tree coverage, and sea level rise. 2) Consider creating an inventory of short-term rental units and conducting a rental market ✓ City of Miami Housing & Community Development ✓ Miami City Commission ✓ Shimberg Center for Housing Studies ✓ Housing Consultants • Federal planning grants including Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and HOME Investments Partnership Program (HOME) • State planning grants, such as SHIP and Florida Commerce's Community 115 analysis to determine future Planning Technical policy on short-term rentals. Assistance Grants 116 APPENDIX A - DATA RESOURCES AND DEFINITIONS Key Definitions Affirmatively Further Fair Housing —To Affirmatively Further Fair Housing (AFFH) is to comply with "the 1968 Fair Housing Act's obligation for state and local governments to improve and achieve more meaningful outcomes from fair housing policies, so that every American has the right to fair housing, regardless of their race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability or familial status." Affordable - Though local definitions of the term may vary, the definition used throughout this analysis is congruent with HUD's definition: • HUD defines as "affordable" housing that costs no more than 30% of a household's total monthly gross income. For rental housing, the 30% amount would be inclusive of any tenant -paid utility costs. • For homeowners, the 30% amount would include the mortgage payment, property taxes, homeowners' insurance, and any homeowners' association fees. Age — As it refers to protected class status, it forbids age discrimination against people who are 40 or older. Ancestry — A person's caste, country, nation, tribe, or other identifiable group of people from which a person descends. It can also refer to common physical, cultural or linguistic characteristics of an individual's ancestors. Color —The visible color of a person's skin; that is, pigmentation, complexion, skin shade, or tone. Disability - "Handicap" means, with respect to a person— • a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more of such person's major life activities, • a record of having such an impairment, or • being regarded as having such an impairment, But such term does not include current, illegal use of or addiction to a controlled substance (as defined in section 802 of title 21). Ethnicity — Shared attributes of a group of people who identify with each other that distinguish them from other groups such as a common set of traditions, ancestry, language, history, society, culture, nation, religion, or social treatment within their residing area. Fair Housing Choice - In carrying out its Housing Equity Plan, the county utilized the following definition of "Fair Housing Choice": 117 • The ability of persons of similar income levels to have available to them the same housing choices regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or handicap. Familial Status • One or more individuals (who have not attained the age of 18 years) being domiciled with— (1) a parent or another person having legal custody of such individual or individuals; or (2) the designee of such parent or other person having such custody, with the written permission of such parent or other person. The protections afforded against discrimination on the basis of familial status shall apply to any person who is pregnant or is in the process of securing legal custody of any individual who has not attained the age of 18 years. Impediments to Fair Housing Choice - As adapted from the Fair Housing Planning Guide, impediments to fair housing choice are understood to include: • Any actions, omissions, or decisions taken because of race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial status, or national origin which restrict housing choices or the availability of housing choices. • Any actions, omissions, or decisions which have the effect of restricting housing choices or the availability of housing choices on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial status, or national origin. Marital Status — The state of being married, divorced, or single. National Origin - A person's birthplace or ancestry, such as someone who is Latino/a or Hispanic or from another country or region of the world. Protected Classes - In carrying out its Housing Equity Plan, the county utilized the following definition of Protected Classes: • Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits housing discrimination based on race, color, national origin or ancestry, sex, or religion. The 1988 Fair Housing Amendments Act added familial status and mental and physical handicap as protected classes. Race - Refers to whether a person is White, Black/African American, Asian, American Indian or an Alaska Native, or is a Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, or some mixture of two or more of these groups. Religion — Includes the practice and non -practice of religion, such as atheism, as well as religions that are outside the mainstream. 118 Sex - Biological makeup, including genitalia, genetic differences, and sex characteristics. Typically, sex includes male, female, and intersex. Under the laws of discrimination and harassment, the phrase also includes gender or sexual orientation. • Gender Identity: The identity and expression of socially constructed characteristics often associated with men and women. • Sexual Orientation — A person's physical, romantic, sexual, and/or emotional attraction to others or lack thereof. Data Sources Decennial Census Data — Data collected by the Decennial Census for 2010 and 2000 is used in this Analysis. This older Census data is only used in conjunction with more recent data to illustrate trends. American Community Survey (ACS) — Data used for demographics, employment, and economic, and housing section of this plan rely on the 2018-2022 five-year ACS estimates, unless otherwise noted. The five-year ACS offers 60 months of data collected between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022. This data set is used in this report because it offers estimates with relatively low margins of error and maximizes reliability of data at the census tract level. This second point is of particular importance to fair housing analysis because fair housing choice is often realized on a neighborhood -by -neighborhood basis. The American Community Survey is an ongoing statistical survey that samples a small percentage of the U.S. population every year, thus providing communities with more current population and housing data throughout the 10 years between censuses. The ACS multi -year estimates are more current than Census 2020 data and available for more geographic areas than the ACS 1-Year Estimates, this dataset is one of the most frequently used. Because sampling error is reduced when estimates are collected over a longer period of time, 5- year estimates will be more accurate (but less recent) than 3-year estimates. ACS datasets are published for geographic areas with populations of 20,000 or greater. Previous Works of Research — This Housing Equity Plan is also supported by, and in some cases builds upon, previous works of significant local, state, and federal research conducted for or within the county. These works of research may include, but not be limited to, the following: • 2019-2023 HUD Five -Year Consolidated Plan • Previous Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice • SHIP Local Housing Assistance Plan • Comprehensive Plan • HUD Point -In -Time Count • HUD Housing Inventory Count • Public Housing Plan 119 • Realtors Property Resource Market Analysis • Florida Realtors SunStats Reports • Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data (HMDA) • Community Redevelopment Agency Plans 120 APPENDIX B - FAIR HOUSING SURVEY City of Miami Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice FHC Connect Miami Fair Housing Survey The city promotes equal housing opportunity through education and training, monitoring and investigating fair housing complaints utilizing techniques to support fair housing litigation, and conduct research and studies to identify and address fair housing impediments. Completing the survey will help the city: • Identify potential discriminatory practices in housing. • Understand patterns of residential segregation. • Determine barriers to housing choice. • Decide the best course of action for reducing impediments to fair housing. ACCESSIBILITY: If you require assistance in completing the survey due to a disability, contact the City of Miami at 305-416-2096. TDD/TTY users should dial 711. PRIVACY DISCLOSURE: This survey is being conducted for information purposes only. Responses can be anonymous. Providing contact information is optional, but allows us to recognize organizational participation in the development of the Analysis of Impediments. Contact / Organization (optional) Email (optional) Please select the option that best represents you or the organization you represent. (Choose any one option) (Required) ▪ Resident of Miami ▪ A landlord or property manager (other than a public or nonprofit housing provider) ▪ A real estate professional ▪ A housing developer ▪ A lender ▪ A housing provider ▪ Homeowner insurance provider ▪ A social services provider, fair housing organization, or civil servant ▪ Housing advocate How well informed do you feel personally about housing discrimination laws? (Choose any one option) (Required) ▪ Very well informed ▪ Somewhat informed ▪ Somewhat uninformed ▪ Not informed at all Of the following protected classes, which do you think is the most prevalent factor in housing discrimination in the City of Miami? (Choose any one option) (Required) Page 1 of 5 City of Miami Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice FHC Connect LI Race/ethnicity ▪ Color ▪ National origin ▪ Religion ▪ Sex ▪ Familial status ▪ Disability ▪ Ancestry ▪ Pregnancy ▪ Age ▪ Marital status ▪ Gender identity ▪ Gender expression ▪ Sexual orientation ▪ Actual/perceived status as a victim of domestic violence/dating violence/stalking ▪ Source of income ▪ Other (please specify) Have you, or has someone you know experienced housing discrimination in any of the following areas? (choose all that apply) (Choose all that apply) (Required) ▪ Renting an apartment ▪ Finding a home to buy ▪ Obtaining a mortgage ▪ Obtaining reasonable modification/accommodation ▪ Obtaining homeowner's insurance ▪ Not applicable ▪ Other (please specify) On what basis do you believe you, or someone you know, were discriminated against? (choose all that apply) (Choose all that apply) (Required) ▪ Race/ethnicity ▪ Color ▪ National origin ▪ Religion ▪ Sex ▪ Familial status ▪ Disability ▪ Ancestry ▪ Pregnancy ▪ Age ▪ Marital status ▪ Gender identity ▪ Gender expression ▪ Sexual orientation ▪ Actual/perceived status as a victim of domestic violence/dating violence/stalking ▪ Source of income ▪ Not applicable ® Other (please specify) Which of the following best describes the person or organization that discriminated against you or someone you know? (choose all that apply) (Choose all that apply) (Required) ▪ A landlord or property manager ▪ A real estate agent Page 2of5 City of Miami Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice FHC Connect LI A government employee ▪ Loan officer/ mortgage broker ▪ Homeowner's or condominium association ▪ A homeowner's insurance agent ▪ Not applicable ▪ Other (please specify) Did you or the person you know report the discrimination? (choose all that apply) (Choose all that apply) (Required) ▪ Yes ▪ No, I did not think it would help ▪ No, I did not know where to file ▪ No, I did not realize it was a violation of the law ▪ No, I was afraid of retaliation ▪ No, the process was not in my native language ▪ No, the reporting process was not accessible to me because of a disability ▪ Not applicable ▪ Other (please specify) Where would you refer someone if they felt their fair housing rights had been violated? (Choose any one option) (Required) ▪ City of Miami Housing and Community Development ▪ Miami -Dade County Commission on Human Rights ▪ Public Housing Authority ▪ U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) ▪ Florida Commission on Human Rights ▪ Local attorney ▪ Legal Aid ▪ Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence (HOPE) ▪ The person/organization that discriminated against you ▪ I would not know where to reporta fair housing complaint ▪ Other (please specify) Have you, or an organization you are affiliated with, ever received fair housing training? (Choose any one option) (Required) ▪ Yes � No What information have you seen or heard regarding fair housing programs, laws, or enforcement in the City? (choose all that apply) (Choose all that apply) (Required) ▪ Fair housing flyers or pamphlets ▪ Fair housing public service announcement (radio or television) ▪ Fair housing event ▪ Florida Commission on Human Rights website ▪ HUD Fair Housing and Equal Opportunitywebsite ▪ None ▪ Other (please specify) Do you feel your housing choices are limited to certain geographic areas or neighborhoods? (Choose any one option) (Required) � No ▪ Yes (please specify what areas) Page 3of5 City of Miami Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice FHC Connect Do you think there are affordable housing options located throughout the City of Miami, or are they concentrated in certain areas/neighborhoods? (Choose any one option) (Required) ▪ Spread throughout the city ▪ Concentrated in certain areas/neighborhoods (please specify areas) Do you think that certain geographic areas or neighborhoods in the city are undesirable places to live? (Choose any one option) (Required) � No ▪ I don't know ▪ Yes (please specify areas) Are you aware of any questionable policies, practices, or barriers to fair housing in any of the following areas? (choose all that apply) (Choose all that apply) (Required) ▪ Siting of affordable housing ▪ Land use policies ▪ Zoning laws ▪ Permitting process ▪ Occupancy standards ▪ Mortgage lending ▪ Real estate practices ▪ Housing program policies ▪ Source of income consideration ▪ Not applicable ▪ Other (please specify) What is your race/ethnicity? (optional) (Choose any one option) ▪ White ▪ African American / Black ▪ Native American / Alaska Native ▪ Asian / Pacific Islander ▪ Latino / Hispanic ▪ Other / Multiple races (please specify) What is your age group? (optional) (Choose any one option) ▪ Under21 ▪ 21-30 ▪ 31-45 ▪ 46-55 ▪ 56-65 ▪ Over 65 What is your marital status? (optional) (Choose any one option) ▪ Married ▪ Single, head of household ▪ Domestic partner Page 4 of 5 City of Miami Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice FHC Connect ❑ Divorced ▪ Widowed Do you have children under the age of 18 years in your household? (optional) (Choose any one option) ▪ Yes ❑ No What is your approximate average annual household income (include all members of your household)? (optional) (Choose any one option) ❑ Less than $10,000 ▪ $10,000 to $14,999 ▪ $15,000 to $24,999 ▪ $25,000 to $34,999 ▪ $35,000 to $49,999 ▪ $50,000 to $74,999 ▪ $75,000 to $99,999 ▪ $100,000 Is anyone in your household disabled? (optional) (Choose any one option) ▪ Yes ❑ No Page 5 of 5 Miami Fair Housing Survey SURVEY RESPONSE REPORT 02 June 2022 -11 June 2024 PROJECT NAME: City of Miami Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice •. lam• BANG THE TABLE .07 -• engagementHQ Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 SURVEY QUESTIONS Page 1 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q3 Please select the option that best represents you or the organization you represent. 0 (0.0 11 (42.3%) Question options • Resident of Miami • A landlord or property manager (other than a public or nonprofit housing provider) • A real estate professional • A housing developer • A lender • A social services provider, fair housing organization, or civil servant • Housing advocate • A housing provider • Homeowner insurance provider Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 5 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q4 How well informed do you feel personally about housing discrimination laws? Question options • Very well informed 0Somewhat informed • Somewhat uninformed • Not informed at all Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 6 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q5 Of the following protected classes, which do you think is the most prevalent factor in housing discrimination in the City of Miami? 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) - o (o.o%o) o (o.o%o) o (o.o%o) 3 (11.5%) 5 (19.2%) 1 (3.8%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (11.5%) J 0 (o.o%o 4 Question options • Race/ethnicity • Color • Age • Source of income • Other (please specify) • National origin • Religion • Sex • Familial status Disability Ancestry • Pregnancy Marital status • Gender identity • Gender expression • Sexual orientation • Actual/perceived status as a victim of domestic violence/dating violence/stalking Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question 14 (53.8%) Page 7 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q6 Have you, or has someone you know experienced housing discrimination in any of the following areas? (choose all that apply) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 16 10 11 Question options • Renting an apartment • Finding a home to buy • Obtaining reasonable modification/accommodation • Other (please specify) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question 4 4 6 Obtaining a mortgage • Obtaining homeowner's insurance Not applicable 3 Page 8 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q7 On what basis do you believe you, or someone you know, were discriminated against? (choose all that apply) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 16 9 8 Il,ll,li;llll Question options • Race/ethnicity • Color • National origin • Religion • Sex • Disability • Ancestry • Age • Gender identity 0Gender expression • Sexual orientation • Source of income • Not applicable • Other (please specify) • Familial status • Pregnancy • Marital status • Actual/perceived status as a victim of domestic violence/dating violence/stalking Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 9 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q8 Which of the following best describes the person or organization that discriminated against you or someone you know? (choose all that apply) 20 18 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 7 Question options • A landlord or property manager t A real estate agent • A government employee Loan officer / mortgage broker • Homeowner's or condominium association • A homeowner's insurance agent • Not applicable • Other (please specify) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 10 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q9 Did you or the person you know report the discrimination? (choose all that apply) Question options • Yes • No, I did not think it would help • No, I did not know where to file O No, I did not realize it was a violation of the law • No, I was afraid of retaliation No, the reporting process was not accessible to me because of a disability • Not applicable • Other (please specify) • No, the process was not in my native language Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 11 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q10 Where would you refer someone if they felt their fair housing rights had been violated? 0 (0.0%i 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (11.5%) 4 (15.4%) 5 (19.2%) 2 (7.7%) 4 (15.4%) 1 (3.8%) 1 (3.8%) N- 6 (23.1%) Question options di City of Miami Housing and Community Development • Miami -Dade County Commission on Human Rights • Public Housing Authority • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) • Local attorney • Legal Aid • Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence (HOPE) • I would not know where to report a fair housing complaint • Florida Commission on Human Rights • The person/organization that discriminated against you • Other (please specify) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 12 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q11 Have you, or an organization you are affiliated with, ever received fair housing training? 15 (57.7%) Question options • Yes No Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 13 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q12 What information have you seen or heard regarding fair housing programs, laws, or enforcement in the City? (choose all that apply) 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 6 7 3 9 6 2 Question options • Fair housing flyers or pamphlets • Fair housing public service announcement (radio or television) * Fair housing event • Florida Commission on Human Rights website • HUD Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity website r None • Other (please specify) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 14 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q13 Do you feel your housing choices are limited to certain geographic areas or neighborhoods? 17 (65.4%) Question options No Yes (please specify what areas) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question 9 (34.6%) Page 15 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q14 Do you think there are affordable housing options located throughout the City of Miami, or are they concentrated in certain areas/neighborhoods? 21 (80.8%) Question options • Spread throughout the city • Concentrated in certain areas/neighborhoods (please specify areas) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 16 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q15 Do you think that certain geographic areas or neighborhoods in the city are undesirable places to live? 14 (53.8%) — Question options No I don't know Yes (please specify areas) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Radio Button Question 6 (23.1%) 6 (23.1%) Page 17 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q16 Are you aware of any questionable policies, practices, or barriers to fair housing in any of the following areas? (choose all that apply) 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 9 8 8 7 6 61 5 5 5 Question options • Siting of affordable housing up Land use policies Zoning laws Permitting process Occupancy standards • Mortgage lending • Real estate practices • Housing program policies * Source of income consideration • Not applicable • Other (please specify) Mandatory Question (26 response(s)) Question type: Checkbox Question Page 18 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q17 What is your race/ethnicity? (optional) 0 (0.0% 0 (0.0%) r 3 (13.0%) 1 (4.3%) 8 (34.8%) 11 (47.8%) Question options • White • African American / Black • Latino / Hispanic Other / Multiple races (please specify) • Native American / Alaska Native • Asian / Pacific Islander Optional question (23 response(s), 3 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 19 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q18 What is your age group? (optional) 5 (21.7%) 10 (43.5%) Question options • 21-30 • 31-45 • 46-55 • 56-65 0Over 65 • Under 21 Optional question (23 response(s), 3 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 20 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q19 What is your marital status? (optional) 2 (8.7%) 4 (17.4%) — ® — 8 (34.8%) IIIIIIPPIIIIPIIIIIIIIIIIPP-- 1 (4.3%) — 8 (34.8%) Question options • Married • Single, head of household • Domestic partner Divorced Widowed Optional question (23 response(s), 3 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 21 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q20 Do you have children under the age of 18 years in your household? (optional) 19 (79.2%) Question options Yes No Optional question (24 response(s), 2 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 22 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q21 What is your approximate average annual household income (include all members of your household)? (optional) 0 (0.0% Question options • Less than $10,000 % $10,000 to $14,999 • $35,000 to $49,999 • $100,000 + • $15,000 to $24,999 • $25,000 to $34,999 Optional question (22 response(s), 4 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question $50,000 to $74,999 • $75,000 to $99,999 Page 23 of 24 Miami Fair Housing Survey : Survey Report for 02 June 2022 to 11 June 2024 Q22 Is anyone in your household disabled? (optional) 3 (12.0%) 22 (sa.o°i°) J Question options • Yes • No Optional question (25 response(s), 1 skipped) Question type: Radio Button Question Page 24 of 24 APPENDIX C - OUTREACH Jointhe Conversation! Your input is invaluable as it will help identify barriers to fair housing. Scan Me Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice A Committment to Fair Housing As a grant recipient of federal funds through the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the City of Miami is committed to Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) and is making concerted efforts to combat housing discrimination against protected classes. In October 2023, the city will begin gathering public input towards the development of its Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. Once completed, the Analysis of Impediments will provide a comprehensive analysis of factors impacting housing choice in the city and outline strategies intended to reduce or eliminate barriers to fair housing. Provide feedback by completing a stakeholder survey, taking a quick poll, or leaving a comment on the draft Analysis of Impediments, or by joining us for a stakeholder meeting. Participate at the Link Below or Scan the QR Code: www.fhcconnect.org/engage-miami-fairhousing Analisis de Impedimentos p Election de la vivienda e. ui Un compromiso con la vivienda justa Unirse a la conversation! Su opinion es invaluable ya que ayudara a identificar las barreras a la vivienda justa. Er. =fir'• ic". Escaneame Como beneficiario de subvenciones de fondos federales a traves del Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de los Estados Unidos (HUD), la Ciudad de Miami esta comprometida a promover afirmativamente la vivienda justa y a hacer esfuerzos para combatir la discriminacion en la vivienda. En octubre de 2023, la ciudad comenzara a recopilar opiniones del publico para el desarrollo de su Analisis de impedimentos para la eleccion de vivienda justa. Una vez terminado, el Plan de Equidad de Vivienda proporcionara un analisis de los factores que afectan la eleccion de vivienda en la Ciudad y delineara estrategias destinadas a reducir o eliminar las barreras a la vivienda justa.. Proporcione comentarios completando una encuesta de partes interesadas, realizando una encuesta rapida, dejando un comentario sobre el borrador del Analisis de impedimentos, o uniendose a nosotros para una reunion de partes interesadas. Participe en el enlace a continuacion o escanee el codigo QR: www.fhcconnect.org/participar-miami-fairhousing-espanol Community Meetings the Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing City residents are invited to provide their input towards the development of the City's ANALYSIS OF IMPEDIMENTS TO FAIR HOUSING CHOICE, required by the US Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD) of all HUD funded communities. WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU! Thursday, November 30, 2023 5:00 pm Miami City Hall Commission Chambers 3500 Pan American Dr., Miami, FL 33133 Wednesday, December 6, 2023, 6:00 pm Charles Hadley Park, Community Room 1350 NW 50 St., Miami, FL 33142 Join the conversation to help identify the most important fair housing barriers within our City and to help determine strategies to address these barriers by setting goals in the upcoming Al draft. Once completed, this Plan will include a comprehensive analysis of factors impacting housing choice in the City. Residents are also encouraged to submit their comments online by completing a short survey at www.fhcconnect.org/ engage-miami-fairhousing or by scanning the QR code. Reuniones Comunitarias sobree Analisis de Impedimentos (Al) para la Eleccion de la Vivienda Equitativa Se invita a los residentes de Ia Ciudad a proveer comentarios hacia Ia preparacion del ANALISIS DE IMPEDIMENTOS PARA LA ELECCION DE LA VIVIENDA EQUITATIVA de Ia Ciudad, un documento requerido por el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de los Estados Unidos (HUD) de todas las comunidades que reciben fondos de HUD. 000 GG` Jueves, 30 de noviembre del 2023 5:00 pm Ayuntamiento de la Ciudad 3500 Pan American Dr., Miami, FL 33133 Miercoles, 6 de deciembre del 2023 6:00 pm Charles Hadley Park, Cuarto Comunitario, 1350 NW 50 St., Miami, FL 33142 Onase a la conversacion para ayudar a identificar las barreras de vivienda equitativa mos importantes dentro de nuestra Ciudad y determinar estrategias para sobrellevar estas barreras, estableciendo objetivos en el proximo Al. Una vez que este preparado, el Plan incluira un analisis de los factores que afectan la eleccion de vivienda en la Ciudad. Tambien se alienta a los residentes a enviar sus comentarios por Internet, completando una encuesta en linea en la www. fhcconnect.org/participar-miami-fairhousing-espanol o escaneando el codigo QR. The meeting sites are accessible to the disabled. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, persons needing special accommodations to participate in this proceeding may contact the Department of Housing & Community Development at (305) 416-2080 (Voice) no later than three (3) business day prior to the proceeding. TTY users may call via 711 (Florida Relay Service) no later than three (3) business day prior to the proceeding. Los sitios de las reuniones son accesibles para personas con dlscapacidad. De acuerdo con la Ley de Dlscapacidades de 1990 (ADA), las personas que necesitan adaptaciones especiales para participar en la reunion peden comunicarse con el Departamento al (305) 416-2080 (Voz) a mos tardar tres (3) dlas laborales antes de la reunion. Los usuarios de TTY pueden Ilamar al 711(Servicio de Retransmision de Florida) a mds tardar tres (3) dia laborales antes de la reunion. EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUNITY