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Home My WebLink AboutPresentationACTIVE SHOOTER Mass Casualty Incidents City of Miami Time Required: 1 hour BACKGROUND Close to 1000 people have been killed in the United States during what has been classified as active shooter and mass casualty incidents (AS/MCIs) since the Columbine High School shootings in 1999. AS/MCIs involve one or more suspects who participate in an ongoing, random or systematic shooting spree, demonstrating the intent to harm others with the objective of mass murder. Source: Mass Shootings By The Gun Violence Archives BACKGROUND • These events may take place in any community impacting fire and police departments, regardless of their size or capacity. • Local jurisdictions must build sufficient public safety resources to handle AS/MCI scenarios. • Local Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and law enforcement (LE) must have common tactics, communications capabilities and terminology to have seamless, effective operations. • They should also establish standard operating guidelines (SOG's) • The goal is to plan, prepare and respond in a manner that will save the maximum number of lives possible. U.S. Fire Administration, Fire/ Emergency Medical Services Department Operational Considerations and Guide for Active Shooter and Mass Casualty Incidents (September 2013) FACTS & STATISTICS U.S. Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010 Texas State University • 84 Active Shooter Events occurred between 2000 and 2010 • 37% business locations; 34% schools: 17% public outdoor venues • Most commonly used weapon was a pistol (60%), rifles (27%), shotgun (10%) • Attacks ended before police arrived 49% of the time FACTS & STATISTICS An Analysis of Active Shooter Events in the U.S. January 2011 — March 2013 New York State Intelligence Center • 47.7% of assailants had formal diagnosis of mental illness • 66.6% of assailants had no criminal history • In 19 out of 20 cases examined the assailant was a "lone wolf" FACTS & STATISTICS • FBI: U.S. now has one active shooter incident every three weeks • In 209 out of 336 days this year, at least 1 shooting left 4 or more people dead or injured in the U.S. Source: Mass Shooting Tracker By New York Times FBI Study of Active Shooter Incidents • Commercial & educational settings most common • 15.6% of incidents involved more than one location • 60% of incidents ended before police arrived • All but 2 incidents involved 1 shooter (2000 - 2013) Active Shooter Locations Percentage of Active Shooter Incidents by Location Type, 2000-2013 Education, 24.4% ■ Education ■ Commerce ■ Government ■ Open Space Residences Houses of Worship Health Care Facilities Residences, 4.4% Houses of Worship, 3.8% Health Care Facilities, 2.5°Io Open Source Tracking of Mass Shootings (2015) More Days With Mass Shootings Than Not In 209 out of 336 clays this year, at least one shooting left four or more people injured or dead in the United States, according to compilations of incidents derived from news reports. 1 = One mass shooting 1 I I 1 I I I I I I I r1 1 1 11/111111 r1 1I 1 11 I r11111 I I I I IIJIII W WI11111111 1 III Ill 1 1 11 1 1 1 II I I I1 IIIII rill 1111 11111 10I1 1111 I1111111111 IJAN. I FEB. �MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE Shooting in San 11 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bernardino, Calif. 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 II 1 1 1 1 1 1I f 1 I1 1 111r1 1I I II I1 I III 111 II I I1 I 11 I 1 I I 11 1 11I 1I 1 111 I minim nu 1 pu 11111 11 1111 111111 p 111 111 I 1 111 1111111 pii 1 11 1 111 Mill ini 1 11 mitt 11111 11 JULY I AUG. 1 SEPT. 1 OCT. I NOV. 1 DEC. Source: Mass Shooting Tracker By The New York Times Columbine, CO - 1999 • Attackers: 2 • Locations: 1 • Casualties: 13 dead/21 wounded • Duration: 49 minutes • Weapons Used: Assault Rifles, Hand Guns, Shotguns, Pipe Bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices (IED's) itt rnnrn Newtown, CT — (Sandy Hook) 2012 • Attackers: 1 • Locations: 1 • Casualties: 28 dead/2 wounded • Duration: 11 minutes • Weapons Used: Assault Rifle, Handguns Washington Navy Yard, D.C. - 2013 • Attackers: 1 (initially reported as 2) • Locations: 1 • Casualties: 12 dead/8 wounded • Duration: 1 hour, 10 minutes • Weapons Used: Shotgun, Pistol Chattanooga, TN (Recruiting Centers) - 2015 • Attackers: 1 • Locations: 2 • Casualties: 6 dead/2 wounded • Duration: 30 minutes • Weapons Used: Assault Rifle, Shotgun, Pistol Colorado Springs, CO - 2015 • Attackers: 1 (initially reported as 2) • Locations: 1 • Casualties: 3 dead/9 wounded • Duration: 5 hours • Weapons Used: Assault Rifle San Bernardino, CA - 2015 • Attackers: 2 (initially reported as 3) • Locations: 1 • Casualties: 14 dead/21 wounded • Duration: 1 hour, 25 minutes • Weapons Used: Long guns, Handguns, Pipe Bombs • Inexperienced attackers Paris, France - 2015 • Attackers: 8 attackers in 3 teams • Locations: 6 • Casualties: 130 dead/368 wounded • Duration: 3 hours, 38 minutes • Weapons Used: Assault Rifles, Explosive Vests • Experienced attackers Inspired Attack vs. Directed Attack San Bernardino (2015) • Inspired by terrorist propaganda • Single attack location • Not suicide — attempted escape • Explosives malfunctioned • Attackers showed no prior terrorist activity Paris (2015) • Directed by I S I S operatives • Multiple coordinated attacks • Suicide attackers • Combat experienced attackers • All explosives functioned • Several attackers were known to authorities Mumbai, India - 2008 • Attackers: 10 (initially reported as 12) in teams of 2 • Locations: 6 • Casualties: 155 dead/600+ wounded • Duration: 96+ hours • Weapons Used: Assault Rifles, Handguns, Grenades Police Collaboration The New Paradigm Fire Coordinated Response Purpose • Standard operating guidelines (SOG's) for joint police and fire response, • MFR and MPD personnel are currently training with the new guidelines at the scene of an active shooter incident. Rescue Task Force (RTF) Objectives Use of the Rescue Task Force (RTF) concept for on scene response. • An RTF is a set of teams deployed to provide point of wound care to victims where there is an on -going ballistic or explosive threat. • Teams treat, stabilize, and ultimately remove the injured in a rapid manner while wearing Proper Protective Equipment (PPE). RESCUE TASK FORCE Operational Concept Rescue Task Force (RTF): A unified response team consisting of police officers and fire rescue personnel • RTF teams are not based on armed & unarmed elements • RTF teams are based on a protective element & a medical element Goal: Two separate elements (police & fire) working together to accomplish a unified mission to • Treat • Stabilize • Remove RESCUE TASK FORCE UNIFIED COMMAND STRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT RTF teams will be deployed under the direction of the Incident Commander (Unified) This will happen as quickly as possible, but only after the following occurs: • The arrival of police officers and fire rescue personnel • Communication channels are identified and communication is established • Safety equipment is donned • Contact Team confirms casualties and location RESCUE TASK FORCE MEDICAL RESCUE ELEMENT DUTIES Provide point of wound care to victims and treat, stabilize, and remove the injured in a rapid manner. • Perform victim triage and rapid medical assessment to determine which casualties are an evacuation priority to a Casualty Collection Point (CCP) or Triage Group. • The Hartford Consensus recommends that an integrated active shooter response should include the critical actions contained in the acronym THREAT: • Threat suppression- Protective Element Duty • Hemorrhage control • Rapid xtrication to safety • Assessment by medical providers • Transport to definitive care RESCUE TASK FORCE Emergency Team Egress • Police officers protect paramedics !!! • Announce location of threat • Threat Front • Threat Rear • Threat Right • Threat Left • Closest police officer addresses the threat RESCUE TASK FORCE Deployment Concept • In meeting these goals, POLICE and FIRE must constantly evaluate tactics and techniques to establish best practices and lessons learned in order to complete the mission of "saving lives". • The RTF team is based on police and fire rescue personnel doing what they do best everyday at the highest level. City of Miami Active Shooter Training Beginning with the MRC Sponsored By • The Division of Emergency Management • The Department of Risk Management • Miami Police Department City of Miami Active Shooter Training • Survival Skills for Active Shooter Situations • Identifying Signature Behavior of Potential Active Shooters • Stages of an Active Shooter • Response to an Active Shooter City of Miami Active Shooter Training • A.L.E.R.R.T.(Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training) for Miami Police and Fire Officers (Dealing with an active shooter) • Medical Kits and training for Police Officers (Tactical lifesaving course) City of Miami Active Shooter Training • Full Scale Active Shooter Exercise "Operation Heat Shield" (Early 2016) • Fire and Police collaboration in Active shooter Training City of Miami Active Shooter Training • Public Service announcements "See Something Say Something" Campaign using Video/Signs • Businesses against Terrorism (B.A.T.) (Helps businesses with threat assessments and terrorism awareness) SUMMARY • The greatest benefit will be achieved through a combined police/fire effort that puts the first responder at the patient's side within minutes of being wounded to maximize life saving efforts. • The RTF team(s) will operate within a known Warm Zone while the Contact Team consisting of police officers (only) will operate inside the Hot Zone. ACTIVE SHOOTER Mass Casualty Incidents THE END Time Required: 1 hour