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3500 Pan American
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Miami, FL 33133
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File Number: 03-0100 Final Action Date:
AN ORDINANCE OF THE MIAMI CITY COMMISSION, AMENDING CHAPTER 54
OF THE CODE OF THE CITY OF MIAMI, FLORIDA, AS AMENDED, ENTITLED
"STREETS AND SIDEWALKS" TO ESTABLISH REASONABLE TIME, PLACE
AND MANNER REGULATIONS CONCERNING MATERIALS AND OBJECTS
THAT MAY BE POSSESSED, CARRIED OR USED BY THOSE PARTICIPATING
IN PARADES AND DEMONSTRATIONS, AND PROVIDING FOR SUNSET OF
SAID REGULATIONS AT MIDNIGHT ON THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2003;
MORE PARTICULARLY BY ADDING NEW SECTION 54 6.1 TO SAID CODE;
CONTAINING A REPEALER PROVISION, A SEVERABILITY CLAUSE, AND
PROVIDING FOR AN IMMEDIATE EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, the City's current parade regulations, which govern parades, demonstrations,
rallies and assemblies, were enacted more than twenty years ago; and
WHEREAS, the statutory and judicial laws governing parades, demonstrations, rallies and
assemblies have developed and are significantly different than law as it existed at the time of
enactment; and
WHEREAS, current technology, communication and materials available have altered the
manner in which such events occur, and the nature and level of the activity of those
participating in such events have changed significantly since the enactment of the current
regulations; and
WHEREAS, in recent years, civil unrest and disturbance have occurred at parades and
assemblies, accompanied in some instances by significant personal injuries and property
damage, including injuries and damage caused by the use of various weapons and projectiles
including some or all of those items specified in Section 2 of this Ordinance; and
WHEREAS, courts have recognized the right of jurisdictions to enact reasonable time, place
and manner restrictions related to parades, demonstrations, rallies and assemblies while not
restricting the First Amendment rights of groups and individuals wishing to express their views
by such demonstrations, rallies and assemblies; and
WHEREAS, the regulations of the City of Los Angeles restricting the size, nature and shape
of sign handles were recently upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal. See: Vlasak v.
Superior Court, 2003 U.S. App. LEXIS 9230. See also: Edwards v. City of Coeur D'Alene, 262
F.3rd 856 (9th Cir. 2001); Foti v. City of Menlo Park, 146 F.3d 629 (9th Cir. 1998); and
WHEREAS, the City of Miami wishes to ensure the safety and security of those viewing,
attending, or participating in parades and assemblies, the residents and businesses, and the
public officials and employees responsible for handling or overseeing such events on public
property in the City of Miami to reduce or avoid the possibility of personal injury and property
damage; and
WHEREAS, the City of Miami recognizes the First Amendment rights of those wishing to
express their views, both individually and collectively, on issues addressed at or in future
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parades, protests, demonstrations, rallies; and
WHEREAS, it is appropriate for the City Commision to enact regulations related to parades
and assemblies to ensure the safety and well being of individuals and property, while ensuring
the First Amendment rights of those wishing to associate and to express their views, both
individually and collectively; and
WHEREAS, in enacting these regulations, the City is cognizant of recent court decisions
that authorize the enactment of reasonable time, place and manner restrictions, and the City is
also cognizant of its obligation not to improperly restrict the First Amendment rights of
individuals and groups wishing to associate and to express their First Amendment views on any
and all issues, and to do so in a robust, vigorous manner; and
WHEREAS, the regulations in Section 2 of this Ordinance restrict only the types of materials
that those participating in parades, demonstrations, rallies and assemblies may have in their
possession, and do not interfere with their rights of association and expression; and
WHEREAS, the materials restricted or prohibited by Section 2 of this Ordinance have the
potential to be used as weapons and to inflict personal and property damage, or to provide
protection by preventing permitted law enforcement controls related to those participating in
the use of such weapons and the infliction of personal and property damage, and the materials
have been used for this purpose in events in other jurisdictions; and
WHEREAS, no First Amendment right exists to permit personal and property damage
through use of these materials, and it is therefore, reasonable and appropriate to restrict
possession of such materials as a prophylactic, reasonable time, place and manner regulation;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MIAMI,
FLORIDA:
Section 1. The recitals and findings contained in the Preamble to this Ordinance are
adopted by reference and incorporated as if fully set forth in this Section.
Section 2. Chapter 54 of the Code of the City of Miami, Florida, as amended, entitled
"Streets and Sidewalks" is amended in the following particulars: /
"CHAPTER 54
STREETS AND SIDEWALKS
ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL
Sec. 54-6.1. Parade and Assembly Prohibitions.
(a) Definitions.
The term "parade" shall mean any march, demonstration, procession, motorcade, or
promenade consisting of persons, animals, or vehicles, or a combination thereof, having a
common purpose, design, destination, or goal; upon any public place, which parade,
march, demonstration, procession, motorcade, or promenade does not comply with normal
and usual traffic regulations or control.
The term "assembly" shall mean any meeting, demonstration, picket line, rally, gathering,
or group of three (3) or more persons, animals, or vehicles, or a combination thereof,
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having a common purpose, design, or goal, upon any public street, sidewalk, alley, park, or
other public place, which assembly substantially inhibits the usual flow of pedestrian or
vehicular travel or which occupies any public area, other than a parade, as defined above.
(b) The following prohibitions shall apply to all parades and demonstrations:
(1) It shall be unlawful for any person at any parade or demonstration to carry or possess
any weapon, as defined below. For purposes of this chapter, and notwithstanding any other
provision of this code, "weapon" means any pistol, rifle, shotgun or other firearm of any
kind, whether loaded or unloaded, air rifle, air pistol, paintball gun, paintball rifle, explosive,
blasting cap(s), knife, hatchet, ax, slingshot, slungshot, blackjack, metal knuckles, mace,
iron buckle, baseball bat, ax handle, chains, crowbar, hammer, shovel, stick, pole or other
club or bludgeon or any other instrumentality customarily used or intended for probable
use as a dangerous weapon.
2. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess any sign, poster, plaque or notice
unless such sign poster plaque, or notice is constructed solely of a cloth, paper or
cardboard material no greater than one -quarter inch in thickness.
3. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess any length of lumber, wood or
wood lath unless it is one-fourth inch or less in thickness and two inches or less in width or
if not generally rectangular in shape, such object shall not exceed three-quarters inch in its
thickest dimension. Both ends of the length of lumber, wood or wood lath shall be blunt
and shall not be pointed.
4. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess any length of metal, plastic or of
her similar hard of stiff material, whether hollow or solid; provided that hollow plastic does
not exceed three-quarter (3/4") inch in its thickest dimension, does not exceed one -eighth
inch (1/8") in wall thickness and is not filled with any material, liquid, gas or solid, may be
used to support a sign, banner, placard or other similar display; however, both ends of the
length of plastic material shall be blunt, and not pointed.
5. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess glass bottles, glass jars or glass
containers of any kind.
6. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess balloons filled with any material
or substance other than air, oxygen or helium. Prohibited materials and substances
include, but are not limited to, water, paint, or any other liquid, solid, or other gas.
7. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess solid golf balls, ball bearings,
marbles, paint balls or other solid shapes made of rubber, plastic, metal, wood or any other
similar hard substance, including batteries; provided that nothing is intended to prohibit
the possession of bicycles, wheelchairs and other similar devices that include ball
bearings or other as part of their structure; and, provided further, that nothing is intended
to prohibit the possession of electronic, electrical or other devices that are
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battery -operated. The purpose of this subsection is to prohibit the possession of materials
or devices that can be thrown or projected and can or may cause, or have the potential for
causing, significant personal or property damage.
8. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess bricks, stones, rocks, pieces of
asphalt or concrete or pieces of other similar hard materials or substances that are capable
of being thrown or projected.
9. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess spray paint cans.
10. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess any projectile launcher or other
device which is commonly used for the purpose of launching, hurling or throwing any
object, liquid, material or other substance, including, but not limited to, supersoakers and
watercannons. Nothing in this subsection is intended to prohibit or restrict those
participating in parades, demonstrations, rallies or assemblies from possessing sufficient
amount of water or other liquids designed and intended for human consumption during
such events.
11. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry, possess or wear any gas mask or similar
device designed to filter all air breathed and that would protect the respiratory tract and
face against irritating, noxious or poisonous gases.
12. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry, possess or wear a bulletproof vest as that
term is defined in Sec. 775.0846 Fla. Stat. (2003), or other improvised body armor.
Improvised body armor is gear or attire worn for the purpose of enabling the wearer to
engage or attempt to engage in unlawful activity.
13. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry or possess any Sleeping Dragon Device, with
the intent to use the device to deny or obstruct the public's ability to freely move about on
roadways, sidewalks, or into or out of buildings. For purposes of this subsection, a
Sleeping Dragon Device shall mean a section of pipe, or a container, filled with weighted
material, handcuffs, chains, carabiners or other locking devices utilized for the purpose of
locking a person or persons to another person or persons or other objects.
Nothing in this section shall prohibit a disabled person from carrying, possessing or using
a wheelchair, cane, walker, or similar device necessary for providing mobility so that the
person may participate in a parade.
Nothing in this section is intended to authorize the possession or use of materials,
weapons or devices that are otherwise prohibited by any other local, state or federal
ordinance, statute or regulation. The purpose of this section is to prohibit the carrying or
possession of items and materials that have the potential to be used as weapons to cause
physical or personal damage, and whose possession might not otherwise be prohibited by
local, state or federal law.
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* * *
Section 3. All ordinances or parts of ordinances insofar as they are inconsistent or in
conflict with the provisions of this Ordinance are repealed.
Section 4. If any section, part of section, paragraph, clause, phrase or word of this
Ordinance is declared invalid, the remaining provisions of this Ordinance shall not be
affected.
Section 5. The provisions of this Ordinance shall sunset at Midnight on Thursday,
November 27, 2003.
Section 6. This Ordinance shall become effective IMMEDIATELY after final reading and
adoption thereof. /
PASSED ON FIRST READING BY TITLE ONLY this day of , 2003.
PASSED AND ADOPTED ON SECOND AND FINAL READING BY TITLE ONLY this
day of , 2003.
MANUEL A. DIAZ, MAYOR
ATTEST:
PRISCILLAA. THOMPSON
CITY CLERK
APPROVED AS TO FORM AND CORRECTNESS:
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ALEJANDRO VILARELLO
CITY ATTORNEY
This Ordinance shall become effective as specified herein unless vetoed by the Mayor within
ten days from the date it was passed and adopted. If the Mayor vetoes this Ordinance, it shall
become effective immediately upon override of the veto by the City Commission or upon the
effective date stated herein, whichever is later.
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