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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSubmittal-Urban Design Manual-Commissioner SarnoffSUBMITTED INTO THE PUBLIC RECORD FOR ITEM p22__ ON t-J\6-DS2. URBAN DESIGN MANUAL ,; rorri-f;; 57.3 MIAMI-DADE COUNTY Alex Penelas Mayor Miami -Dade County Board of County Commissioners Gwen Margolis Chairperson Betty T. Ferguson Dorrin D. Rolle Dr. Barbara Carey Bruno A. Barreiro Pedro Reboredo Jimmy Morales Katy Sorenson Dennis C. Moss Javier D. Souto Miguel Diaz de la Portilla Dr. Miriam Alonso Natacha Seijas Milian Merrell R. Stierheim County Manager ( Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 6✓li (/Z�L 3 r 7/.0 q URBAN DESIGN MANUAL Prepared by the Miami -Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning February, 1999 Reprinted June, 2000 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk NOTICE The urban design guidelines and principles in this manual reflect the guidelines for urban form and other policies of Miami -Dade County's Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP) pertaining to community land use and housing patterns and design. Although the establishment and use of sound principles of urban design are recommended in the CDMP, at this time many standards in the County's current Zoning Code (Chapter 33, Code of Miami -Dade County) are inconsistent with many of these principles and may impede, but do not necessarily prevent, their implementation. Many of these principles can be accomplished within the current standards of the Code and others may be accomplished using procedures established in the Code. These guidelines are issued to illustrate ways to accomplish the land use and housing patterns and design objectives encouraged by policies of the CDMP, and as a supplement to standards of the Zoning Code for the site plan review process provided for in the Code. Miami -Dade County will he progressively amending the Code to more fully reflect these principles. During the interim, applications for zoning actions and site plan approvals should employ the principles recommended in this manual to the maximum extent practicable. In particular, request for development approvals and site plans associated with requests for district boundary changes, special exceptions, or other actions requiring public hearings, should at an early opportunity also identify any other variances to the current zoning that may be desirable or necessary to enable utilization of these recommended design principles, particularly those necessary to implement explicit provisions of the CDMP. Applicants are also advised to provide complete plans when requesting zoning or permit approvals in an effort to avoid unnecessary delays. No pan of this publication may be reproduced or distribured in any form or by any other means, without prior written permission of the Director of the Department of Planning and Zoning. Additional copies of this publication may be purchased from Planning Division, Information Services located in the Stephen P. Clark Center, 111 NW I Street, Suite 1220, Miami, Florida 33128-1972 iv Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.I on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 A Brief History 2 Public Realm by Design 3 Human Scale ....... 4 Focal Points 5 Street Sections 7 Creation of Public Space . 9 Residential Street Sections 11 Commercial Street Sections 13 Residential Street Cross Section Perspectives 15 Commercial Street Cross Section Perspectives 17 Transitional Elements In Residential and Commercial Areas 18 High Rise Development I9 Building Types 21 Blocks 27 Residential Blocks 29 Single Family Residential Block 30 Residential Blocks As Transitional Elements 31 Commercial Blocks 33 Open Space Types 35 Residential Open Space Types 39 Commercial Open Space Types 40 Development Types 43 Generalized Neighborhood Development Pattern 45 Retrofit 48 Traditional Neighborhood Development 51 Illustrative Examples 55 A Partially Annotated Bibliography 75 Acknowledgments 79 v Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk "Before attempting to consider in detail the various practical problems of town planning, it will be useful if we can understand something of the reasons which exist for the general lack ofbeauly in our towns, and further if we try to arrive at some principles to guide us in determining in individual cases what treatment is likely to lead to a beautiful result and what to the reverse... We have become so used to living among surroundings in which beauty has little or no place that we do not realize what a remarkable and unique feature the ugliness of Modern life is." Raymond UnWin. 1919, Jim his hood To nrn Planning in Procure: An lnlroAuction to the Art of Designing Cities and Suburbs. Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk INTRODUCTION URBAN DESIGN Urban design is the comprehensive integration of exterior spaces and structures that comprise the built environment. The intent is to produce a public realm of attractive and comfortable places in which people will feel inclined to dwell. All scales of development can be improved through the application of urban design principles. These principles help to define community character by the manipulation of blocks and streets, building setbacks, landscape, building height and massing, and architectural articulation. Applied to site planning and architecture, urban design concepts can result in public spaces, including streets, that adequately accommodate and enhance both pedestrian and automobile • use. Urban design can produce communities sympathetic to human scale and corridors that significantly increase pedestrian participation. Successful urban design produces diversity, distinctiveness and a sense of place within the community. PURPOSE OFTHE MANUAL The purpose of the manual is to illustrate the basic urban design principles which can significantly improve the quality of physical development in unincorporated Miami -Dade County. The manual provides criteria to be used by designers, developers, County staff, and Community Councils, all of whom are responsible for aspects of physical development in the County. This document should be circulated widely and used as a tool to help educate the public about urban design. The manual illustrates various urban design concepts that contribute to a cohesive, functional urban development pattern. The goal is the systematic integration of site plans that establish connectivity at the pedestrian and vehicular level through the use of consistent urban design principles. The plans depicted in this manual illustrate techniques that can be used to address specific site planning situations. The urban design principles illustrated and described in this manual identify acceptable and preferred design examples of ways to implement the urban form guidelines and other policies of the Miami -Dade County Comprehensive Development Master Plan (CDMP) pertaining to community land use, housing pattems, and design. Although principles of urban design are encouraged in the CDMP, many standards in the Zoning Code are inconsistent with some of these principles and may impede, but not necessarily prevent, their implementation. A long-term objective of the County is to progressively revise the Code to incorporate the guidelines illustrated in this manual. The site plan review process provided in the Zoning Code provides an immediate opportunity to employ many of the principles recommended and illustrated in this manual. The manual has been organized according to the components of urban design, specifically as it relates to Miami -Dade County. Taken together, the concepts in this document are intended to help Miami - Dade County grow and change in a manner that is not only beautiful, but also socially integrated, environmentally responsible and economically sustainable. Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk The principles of urban design are not unique to any particular historical period. They are an accumulation of knowledge over time based on a positive human perception of space. Spaces that are in scale with the human body result in a feeling of physical comfort in the built environment. Except for the brief period of twentieth century modernism, elements of traditional architecture have typically reinforced hutnan scale. In 1919, English designer Raymond Unwin wrote the definitive text on community design: Town Planning and Practice The concepts described in this book still provide a strong foundation for effective town planning. European architect Leon Krier further explored these concepts in his 1970 hook, Rational Architecture. Florida has made a significant contribution to the history of town planning. In the 1920's, John Nolen designed a number of well -conceived plans for towns throughout Florida. The plans shown here illustrate design elements that are now at the forefront. of "traditional neighborhood planning," including town squares, focal points, and a hierarchical road system with a well connected street network. However, after World War 11, mass-produced subdivisions comprised much of the new development in Florida as well as other parts of the country. The phrase "suburban sprawl" best describes this period of development which continues today. In the last several years, concepts of urban design more characteristic of earlier periods of town design are again being applied to the design of new communities. This trend reflects a national movement in the design and redesign of communities called "The New Urbanism." The town of Seaside in the Florida panhandle is considered the major turning point in town planning. Miami - Dade County adopted the Traditional Neighborhood Development Ordinance (TND) in 1992 largely due to the influence of Seaside. This ordinance, the first such ordinance in the nation, provides the guidelines for community design utilizing principles of urban design. A BRIEF HISTORY Beileaire - The development of Belleairc, adjacent to Clearwater, Florida, followed the 1924 plan by John Nolen and remains today an elegant community enhanced by Mediterranean architecture. Miami Lakes - The concentric plan for Miami Lakes, developed in the 1960's, was at the forefront of town planning in South Florida. Venice- The plan for Venice, Florida, undertaken in 1926, has a town square framed by retail uses and is located at the end of a grand boulevard that runs to the Gulf. Seaside - Designed in 1980 and located in Florida's panhandle, Seaside has become the international model for Traditional Neighborhood Development. Plan, hy John Nolen from The New Co,, fall I'M tauur lean Fran .s re,e . Unrversg5yorM am, khoulorArchnenlure 2 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk PUBLIC REALM BY DESIGN An underlying assumption of urban design is that comfortable, attractive public space evolves from an intentional development process rather than a result of accidental occurrences. The concept of the"street as a room" is central to this approach. Just as the layout of the interiorofa home can create a pleasant and functional indoor living environment, the design of a neighborhood can create a functional, efficient, and pleasant outdoor living environment. Squares and street space act as rooms, while building facades form the walls of the "room." The relationship of building placement and scale to the width of exterior space is critical to the creation ofa comfortable, inviting public realm. The "Street as a Room" in a Mixed -Use Neighborhood This illustration of a mixed -use place shows how the basic elements of urban design such as buildings placed at the edge of the sidewalk, definition of the building base, proportion of building height to street width, landscape, and an articulation of architectural details, provide interest along the street and a high -quality public realm. The combination of these design elements results in defined streets and public spaces which act as outdoor rooms and provide a sense of human scale. The 'Street as a Room" in a Low -Density Residential Neighborhood This illustration of a low -density neighborhood shows basic components of urban design. The two-story homes are placedclose to the sidewalk and around a green in order to create the effect of an "outdoor room" within a neighborhood. Porches provide a transitional space between the street, sidewalk and the interior of the unit. The porch provides a space that enhances interaction among neighbors, and creates an increased sense of safety for the neighborhood through surveillance of the public space. • 3 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk HUMAN SCALE Inappropriate Human scale i• difficult to attain when developments, such as the one shown, arc separated from the street without any form of community linkage such as pedestrian pathways, sidewalks and streets- The lack of architecturalar;culation and large surface parking diminishes the potential for any comfortable human activity. Acceptable In this example, united parking is provided in the front setback while buildings are placed relatively close to the sidewalk. innmercial activities are placed adjacent to the sidewalk near public transportation. Human scale isenhanced by the architecture, pedestrian ways, and Meuse of landscaping. Human scale is the relationship of space and objects to the proportion and capability of the human body. For a public space to feel comfortable, the individual must experience a positive relationship to the space. F{uman scale is the basis of urban design as 1 pertains to the dintenstons of objects and spaces including block sizes, street widths, walking distances, building heights, and architectural details. Preferred This preferred example illustrates human -scale design considerations in a mixed -use place. Here a mix of uses is placed adjacent to the sidewalk. Covered walkways, street trees, a defined building base, and articulated, identifiable entrances create a sense of human scale. Parking has been relegated to the rear of the site or incorporated into parking garages. The removal of parking lots results in a better relationship of buildings to the street thereby enhancing pedestrian activity. 4 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk FOCAL POINTS Focal points are elements that provide visual identity and a sense of uniqueness within the community. They include such elements as squares and greens, fountains and statuary, and importantcivic buildings or any other space or form that helps identify a particular neighborhood. Focal points in a community provide identity and visual orientation. In this example a public building, a library, provides the focus at the end ofthe axis. Pictured above, several focal points have been provided including a tower that defines a corner, an obelisk within a median, and small bollards that define the edge of a planting area in the median. The Coral Gables City Hall acts as a focal point and partially terminates the Miracle Mile axis. More of the City Hall elevation is exposed as a result of thc building being slightly askew. The Coral Gables fountain is one of the major focal points in South Florida and is located within a traffic circle where several roads converge. It produces a memorable visual image and orientation for Coral Gables. 5 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 6 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk STREET SECTIONS URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 7 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 8 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk CREATION OF PUBLIC SPACE Since streets are the most common public spaces, one of the most important goals of urban design is the control of street space. Successful spatial definition of the public realm is a direct result of the street cross section and is critical to visual enclosure and human scale. The ratio of street space width to adjacent building height is a proportion whose manipulation generates places of different character. The sense of spatial enclosure is related to the physiology of the human eye. There has been much research on the topic of spatial enclosure creating human scale. Basically, if the cone of vision encompasses less street wall than sky opening, the sense of enclosure will be minimal. If the street wall is greater than the amount of sky, a sense of enclosure will result. For example, a height -to - width ratio of 1 to 6 is the absolute maximum providing any feeling of defined space. A I to 3 ratio results in a feeling of defined space. Generally, the sense of spatial enclosure increases as the ratio of street wall to sky opening increases. In South Florida, street trees are often the element that defines the road cross section. This compensates for low building heights and wide rights -of -way. RATIO I : 3 1 to 3 ratio The ratio of 1 to 3 is an effective minimum section for South Florida roadways. It produces a sense of enclosure and a positive human -scale relationship. c RATIO I : I 1 to 1 ratio The I to I ratio is an ideaI cross-section resulting in a positive human scale relationship. Although this section occurs in older cities, particularly in Europe, it seldom occurs along South Florida roadways. The 1 to I ratio is ideal for pedestrian passages. RATIO I : 6 1 to 6 ratio The ratio of I to 6 is the absolute maximum road section width to street wall. The use of street trees will enhance This section, and allow for the ratio to seem less severe. 9 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk CREATION OF PUBLIC SPACE Taller buildings establish an appropriate street section by the design of the budding base to relate to street width. This condition can be achieved with the use of elements such as colonnades or extended overhangs. A 1 to 2 ratio can easily be accomplished in lower scale residential development, particularly for higher density attached residential uses such as townhouses. In this example, street trees instead of buildings produce a I to 2 ratio. In South Florida this is the prevalent condition in single-family detached residential areas. However, the use of buildings rather than Landscape to create the street section is usually more successful in defining space. The building to budding section should not exceed a I to 6 ratio regardless of whether trees are used. Generally, a 1 to 3 building section is most appropriate for a residential street section. .SUR. oryrna s�.w..a., .101 EzMum An.cnr n Inaiiui<or n.nhi,cpx, v xn BY RECESS LINE BY FACADE BY LANDSCAPING Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Inappropriate Acceptable RESIDENTIAL STREET SECTIONS 80 FOOT R.O.W. Preferred This unacceptable residential cross section has a ratio of approximately I to 7, which falls outside the maximum ratio of I to 6. The sense of enclosure is lost, and human scale does not exist. Trees otter little in this broad expanse of pavement. The ratio is approximately 1 to 5, in this more acceptable residential cross section. Buildings placed relatively close to the street, limited parking in the front setback, landscape and balconies create a sense of human scale. In this preferred example, the ratio is slightly below I to 3, which produces a distinct sense of enclosure. Trees, a median, and balconies reinforce human scale, resulting in a comfortable outdoor room. Parking would be placed to the rear or side of buildings in this example. Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Inappropriate Acceptable Preferred RESIDENTIAL STREET SECTIONS 100 FOOT R.O.W. This residential section is approximately Ito 7. The excessive front setback with parking is the critical element making this section inappropriate. In this example, the ratio is approximately 1 to 5, which Palls within the f to b acceptable ratio. tis preferred example, the ratio is approximately I to 4 and results in a positive human scale, Trees and balconies further enhance human scale. 12 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk This section has a 1 to 17 ratio which is inappropriate. The sense of human scale is lost. Unacceptable factors include large front parking lots and low building heights with long walking distances through parking lots in order to reach the sidewalk and bus stop. A sense of enclosure does not exit. In this more acceptable example, limited parking is provided in the front setback. Buildings are closer to the street and arcades provide scale at the pedestrian level. Taller buildings and landscape further refine this section. This I to 5 section falls within the maximum ratio of I to b. In this preferred example, the ratio is I to 3. This is achieved by Ihree-story structures placed close to the street, arcades, and landscape, all of which further refine this section. 13 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk COMMERCIAL STREET SECTIONS I00 FOOT R.O.W. ®11111111111111111 14 Development adjacent to this 100' R.O.W. results in a width to height ratio of approximately 1 to I4,over twice Me maximum ratio of 1 to 6. Without a definitive sense of enclosure, human scale does not exist. In this acceptable example the ratio is approximately the 1 to 6 maximum. Trees, three-story buildings, and an arcade increase the sense of human scale. The use of trees reduces the impact of this relatively wide section, In this preferred example, the ratio is slightly less than I to 3. Human scale is achieved by a tight section, including landscape, three-story buildings, and an arcade and awnings which result in a comfortable space. With the landscaped median, the scale is further reduced, Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk RESIDENTIAL STREET CROSS SECTION PERSPECTIVES Inappropriate This perspective of a residential street section is reinforced by the use of street trees. However, the placement of garages as the dominate feature of the front yard and the lack of sidewalks results in an inhospitable neighborhood. The mailboxes add little to the visual quality of this neighborhood. il Gl��%i' i/��iil\'I0••—^ nib Preferred - This residential street section incorporates many of the elements that provide a pleasant neighborhood living environment. Entrances are clearly defined while garages are subordinate. Articulated architecture, including the detailing of windows and doors and the definition of the building base and uniform roof design provide architectural unity, 15 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk RESIDENTIALSTREET CROSS SECTION PERSPECTIVES l{ ° 11111putilloPo_IJl `nappropriatc Although stet trees make a green path through this mid -rise apartment complex, the wide road cross section minimizes a sense of human seal: :.::d eliminates neighborhood connections. Preferred Human scale is enhanced with landscape, sidewalks, public transpnrtat ion and building mass in scale with the street cross section, Although there is a separation of building entrances from the sidewalk, landscape and low walls provide a comfortable transition from street and sidewalk to the apartment entrance. 16 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk COMMERCIAL STREET CROSS SECTION PERSPECTIVES Inappropriate The design failure of this retail street section results largely from excessive setbacks and surface parking. Human scale does not exist and movement between adjacent developments must be largely achieved by automobile, Preferred This mixed -use center fronts on a section line road. Uniformity of the street facade is the result of similar building heights, definition of the building base, window detailing, and roof patterns. Variety in the street facade is achieved by a slight variationofarchitectural detailing and the placement of articulated entrances at block corners, creating a sense of entry. 17 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk TRANSITIONAL ELEMENTS IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL AREAS This mixed -use street combines detached single-family, townhouse and apartment uses. The use of similar architectural forms, similar roof patterns , aligned front setbacks, and sidewalks results incompatible relationships. In this example, a retail office complex is placed across from a townhouse community. The use of similar building scale, architectural detail, and building form makes this a visually compatible situation, Retail and office services arc immediately available for residents, without the need for cars. This shopping center has been designed to relate to the adjacent residential neighborhood. A covered entrance structure provides pedestrian linkage to the shopping center. A covered -arch building at the far end of the neighborhood defines the neighborhood edge and acts as a focal point, 18 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk HIGH-RISE DEVELOPMENT Preferred This illustration incorporates virtually all elements of human scale including a clearly defined building base, a portico which provides transition between internal and external areas, visual penetration to the interior, landscape, and refined architectural detailing. With tall buildings, scale is achieved by designing thc first several stories to relate to the street and sidewalk, while the remaining stories are set further back, basically out of view from the street. Acceptable This illustration shows a high-rise development placed close to the street. Although the drop-off area separates the building entrance from the sidewalk, the placement of an entrance canopy adjacent to the sidewalk and thc provision of pedestrian space and landscape links the entry to the street . Inappropriate This inappropriate example shows a building fronting a parking lot and set far back from the street. The distance of the building from the street, and the lack of an identifiable entrance or other human scale details at the building base is negative for the pedestrian. The building is seen as an object that does not relate to adjacent development or contribute to the development of a community. 19 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 20 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clcrk BUILDING TYPES URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 21 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 22 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.I on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk INTRODUCTION The purposes of this section of the manual are threefold: 1) to foster communication among designers and planners when discussing the various types of housing that may be included in a neighborhood; 2) to illustrate preferable ways to situate the houses on the lots; and 3) to describe desirable locations for the various building types within the neighborhood. The following sketches illustrate the basic residential building types: the coral yard, perimeter yard, duplex, courtyard, townhouse and apartment house. Each type has a preferred function and location within the neighborhood. BUILDING TYPES Rural Yard This type is most appropriately used as a large -lot use outside the Urban Development Boundary, or as a transitional use abutting agricultural or large -lot subdivisions. Unlike other residential building types, the relation to the street is not critical and the use of the lot for agricultural purposes can reinforce the rural character. Perimeter Yard The perimeter yard (detached single family) has a yard space along the perimeter of all lot lines. In the first illustrated example, parking is placed at the rear of the lot off of an alley, while the unit is placed close to the sidewalk. Placement of the unit at the front of the lot helps to define the street space. In the second and third examples, parking is accessed from the street, but the garage is placed away from the sidewalk so it does not become a dominant element on the front elevation. In all three cases, porches act as transitional elements between street and home. 23 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk BUILDING TYPES Duplex The first example has alley access and the parking and utilities are placed behind the unit producing a good street relationship. In the second example, parking is placed in the side yard arca without the necessity of an alley. Side Yard The side yard house orients the house toward the side yard space. This is an excellent building type to use on narrow lots and in zero -lot -line developments. Three examples of side yard houses are illustrated; all were adapted from the "Charleston" house, a characteristic type used in Charleston, South Carolina. The first example has alley access which leaves the side yard open, thus, the unit is brought closer to the street and sidewalk, resulting in a positive road cross section and definition of the public space. The second example places the garage in front of the unit but orients the garage door away from the street. In example 3, parking is accessed from the street as in example 2, but the garage is placed away from the sidewalk so it does not become a dominant element on the front elevation. 24 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk BUILDING TYPES Courtyard One or more outdoor spaces enclosed by the walls of the unit define the courtyard type. These spaces can also be defined by walls of adjacent buildings. Placing parking off an alley creates a more attractive street frontage, as shown in examples 2 and 3. The courtyard unit can be either attached or detached. Townhouse (Rowhouse) This house type is placed parallel to the sidewalk and occupies the entire lot width. It is the most urban of the single-family residential types. The building facade defines the edge of the street, while the rear of the lot includes private open space, parking or additional living units above a garage. The first drawing shows parking on the street and in the front yard of the unit, thereby retaining some front yard area. This provides some visual relationship between interior spaces and the street. The second drawing illustrates alley access for parking which eliminates the need for parking in the front yard. The townhouse is appropriately placed near the town or neighborhood center, particularly if developed with alleys which allow street frontage for on - street parking. Apartment Apartment types can be classified in three subtypes, the individual building, the courtyard building and the bar building. The courtyard type offers private outdoor spaces in the form of an intemal courtyard. All apartment buildings should be placed close to the street to help define the public street space. Parking should be placed to the rear yard or concealed in parking structures. Where feasible, additional parking could be on the street. 25 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 26 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk l BLOCKS URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 27 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 28 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS The design of communities is the result of an assemblage of blocks connected by a street network. Well -planned communities are formed byblocks that afford appropriate building sites for various uses, Block forrn can occur in many different configurations, but should be small to retain human scale and produce a walkable neighborhood. In general, for walkability block perimeter should not exceed 1,350 feet or a quarter of a mile. The following is an analysis of the various block types. .,�.••, 4siiooiio0il Inappropriate Block pattern composition in a typical suburban subdivision is often a network of isolated building tracts and dead- end streets. Automobile traffic is diverted to a nearby collector street in an attempt to reduce traffic on local residential streets. The resulting street network is discontinuous, creating excessive congestion on the collectors and arterials, and is confusing and dangerous for drivers. Anomalous block shapes disorient pedestrians and decrease opportunities for creating neighborhood sociability and focal points. Acceptable Blocks arranged along a grid plan offer good orientation and traffic dispersal throughout the street network. To avoid monotony, some variation in block length and orientation is desirable. Grid plans benefit from highly articulated architecture to visually reinforce the grid. Small squares distributed throughout the neighborhood provide focal points for sub -neighborhood areas. Preferred The introduction of diagonals and curves modifies the rigidity of the grid, yielding an interesting variety in the size of blocks and open -space configuration. Long vistas are deflected by modifying the grid, affording an opportunity to create and integrate neighborhood focal points. 29 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL BLOCK dl !s � i ! �� >r.aa .,. �.,, . -�_ ..ar,,,4 TTr t * i O' • ih �►O # all' Ill a - t p Mk e�l� 1t \ # � I// � • 4 51.... 0 .,% li/iilih $ uis/, s 1IAr 1 \l �1 _ �� ar � 1� /�� �1Y\ /mlll 11 1■ �.� LIU1N nl �yy 1 IIIIIIn 1�F•'� r �� y I�t �/H9 { ,}U 1„��_ Y.m \�\\�l� :4\\% iS\\\\N\011 • 9C 'VI •ha t�• s sillV\U1�jY IA %,�IU� �tt1 y AV�lQ �� a�ceil d � w� �vw�l� [�h/�- 1181Qt�+ �'i'. I �- r Yl''' ��r , • //!/!///(� s 1�i�01A\%�A�+., ���� ������ g I* 's �""`\`kuI�lII11II���, Ori- lglllll � vinm � iffq% Amum s„ Inl y. �I\V` l 11 O s 9 obtG .. �y�a �gnau it a 1111101 ��$I IIIIII I lc c ' 11 N `�+'� $ �. In01n1aNYll'; I �����n���u� p � e 'i I : u 1�'4Y ��i1111fitrtit'I p z!�>�� 1. O , Pamn ,,,: Aiii $141497 iii 'gierir �... -1 a 01111111. Q111~ $�g��i7T 1 " iuuu a— r■ a nna ItO01r 3= �1 CO. n r. 1a a_.alnlnU' IIIIih°. =.i OW la 1111 L- nnln , t` unu>, 111111`; . on uun 4 NIN s_N�ii 4,Y ��� nnn nmi A ay, 4iI . ' Ilk I - IIINIII / (Of troll -- • iIllitl= U2 1II�IIIIIIIII ,;inllYI_ uu_n IIIIIUI mmmty, Il•� �-uNunm1' ammo. 0 �iif I_ nnl dlnau �.� - I rI b .garlf IIII 111111 'N�0 /'M= t t a,ilr, 'AI nh '-6 WO' Oi11011 iskiel tin C ra IIIr _ iti na 'inglc-Family without an Alley .lis plan for a single-family detached residential block incorporates uniform .•Jut setbacks which reinforce the definition of the block edge. Architectural '!crest results from a variety of building footprints, Garages have been placed ray from the front elevation to minimize the visual impact of parked cars. ,'ariation in building heights adds interest. Single -Family with an Alley This illustration shows a single family block with alleys. As in the plan without alleys, aligned front setbacks provide a disciplined block edge which is reinforced by adding low walls. A variety of house plans provide interest. Alleys eliminate the need for parking in the front yard and provide utility access. They also provide access to potential garage apartments which allow additional housing units within the neighborhood. Alleys also serve as buffers between the rear yards of units. Parallel parking on the street uninterrupted by driveways can be used for additional guest parking. 30 Submitted into the public record in connection with itcm PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS AS TRANSITIONAL ELEMENTS These sketches demonstrate the development of the block as a f A fryj� i{� ^ a A;? iltUo��, NK1 !2 !_ a a �d!4"A� transitional element between ettali'II�11►,� N �,111,,,,,,\1",t0-4'L 7 //<ff�� jT►�) +f '1 higher and lower density residential development, �'tii, `�"�""'�'�'���"I�'��1INI��I1 �I, ��� P ��Rt ''4'60'1`1 7 1 II t/ • y, 'fir) i/ �• r=i 1 t • fg�'� �j Y r " �% a ZI 4.1.0 ) nilintrOks1 -------7--:'-1-7- gl 14 • o . I it we t � llBIillillifllk firyi ii . 0 i rYy1ixI �' jirauui '" �fiNL441i Ali" ��00 - - ".�t� - • 441 01111110111111111 11'O11tt I .� e-�VP. nnn lh N� 1 n ��e,o,Q , 4si ' 1 �nll , IIilnlD ii Iiullrlllml,=�u " I dl11/11 !II tfIII L111 : e4 �� Ai I Inn li ==_tlllll' ��= ili �„rd�7z� VO inn�z l ID µ -- .— iilliP at lr es � D rI 4011 IIII_ TO WI illi 414111) a0ildll I1II 111111!IV-1,, I► I r ��1�116 IIIIIiIl1111t11101p 1 i iI _O_ 4) 1111111111111bill olilw11111111111111in, r xu■ Apartment Block with Rear Parking This sketch shows a courtyard apartment building fronting the street with parking concealed in the rear by a double row of trees. The interior court provides a focal point on which units face, creating an area for passive recreation. The building is placed close to the street to define the block edge. Plan of Apartment and Townhouse This illustration shows apartment building placed Parking for the apartment guest parking located along townhouses is located within lot, thereby eliminating apartment building fronts element between building, Block a residential adjacent building is in a the street. garages on parking in the a green that acts sidewalk and street. block with an to townhouses. parking lot with Parking for the the rear of each front yard. The as a transitional 31 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS AS TRANSITIONAL ELEMENTS qt f_,..,.okApra,,,x. rth,8113 I :'NI I °�� uNNttlzrr mwor /M.ffl'^ n f' ;:; 1C7 177ni1 + �� "I a `E.�� � �.pTy '� G ��Q"' aa11111��n' k� ),�v�r •r;;'i� lilt 4 � 'n,.11 l II tilail0-1_,...,./Mil . � N\\\11Nti� pp '-' %ii� ; .� . ;e4 1 ).' t t dr7UNHlll/l9/l/ll +i �N \Nllb. �1 * ' • _ I! . `��1 y! yY'' •,„,,, _ i� A A M. L ' i�11'I �= I "111111111VIIIlIIIClll�llhlllllllllll'IGP� �i `tte ''""""'�` lar Illl� �,i111110 l' ' 7,-L'111111 ii1 ' I■'I`— lb ,� IIMIIIIIIiI iiiiw_ tl, 1 t°or� i, s�'I ►IIIYYIYIIIIIIBIYm I ■Lai' 0 tR- " _ sae. Off- u t i 'l0l` (E �— �� a tut -. t� eimus iy Rr . :...A ill i'N nnm�l t ! lit [ ,� dIII�VIIU;= i .. t' If f h'� NJ 9 ■ ft ill � noll�• `v i d+ nm , i. 1 ,tf� ih /( IN• 1, 1 °l o �Ir 40 --�,tiili(��llii;'-�ml E I �3 ''�� U +f! ..,i. IIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIID-- 1 ***t _ . ... Plans of Apartment and Single -Family Block This illustration shows apartment buildings abutting single- family units. The apartment buildings and single-family houses have uniform setbacks that reinforce the block edge, Parking for the apartments divides the two uses, while the placement of a green and pool results in a shared use of facilities. Guest spaces are provided on the street. Courtyard Apartment This sketch shows townhouses. Some apartment building transition to the townhouse Building and Townhouse Block a transitional block with a courtyard apartment building and of the townhouses have been attached to the rear of the and front on the green. This arrangement provides a grouping at the rear of the block. 32 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk W\1U\l\\\11\11110NI111uo �' tiivv'iillliillulllluullllllll;I�Il�il�l�l� n Vie it.. O. `tq\1t\\R\W I.M1f I1�lI'11°11 . � COMMERCIALBLOCKS I Oft fI tti ItTh,S This axonometric of a community business district shows architecture, including articulated building bases and arcades that relate to the definition of the block edge. Inappropriate The placement of the parking lot in front of the buildings creates a "gap" along the street. This condition results in a lack of block definition, and a very wide road cross-section without any human scale, resulting in a hostile environment for both pedestrians and drivers. This commercial center layout is typical throughout Miami - Dade County and has resulted in a very negative perception of space along many corridors. � Exf b 8© � 4f6 - • -70.#419_ _ �a�t JIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIfIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII" IIIII'I 1111111 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII III i1' Appropriate ail flll!IIIliII1L II ttIIII 11111111111@I-' -,1 Illlllllr.:, ='�IIIIVIIIIII'IIIIIIIIIIII IIIVn ._ 1 hIIIIIIYIIIIIIIII➢IIIIr This plan for a 20-acre community business district shows the placement of buildings along the street edge, thereby defining the shopping block and partially concealing parking. The extensive planting of street trees helps shield the adjacent multi -family residential neighborhood from the parking area. The comer square at the center of the drawing produces a focal point for public activity including a transit stop and pickup and drop-off area, as well as a place for outdoor dining. The development of a shopping center as a series of blocks, integrates the center with the adjacent residential community. 33 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk COMMERCIAL BLOCKS This axonometric of a regional business district demonstrates the use of architecture that clearly defines the street and sidewalk with arcades which are used as a continuous element throughout the retail center. Inappropriate This shopping center Tacks any relationship to adjacent development, pedestrians or transit riders- ft produces no street edge definition and results in a lack of integration with adjacent areas. This design is characteristic of the regional center concepts predor,inantin the 1950's through the I980's. _� ry m riI IIIIIIUP I I I-i IIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII -1H�a I111�a i (i11G!lil i 11111 P.L11 ill.@ -t1AIl11111, = 111 -illl i11111ill Illl age 41!P,itlll1,l0I11J101IIIIII lffilllBUIOIIIIIIVh IIllI111111111111111111111111111111t1 Pl IIIIYiVII IIIUIIIIIU�u ill IIII'IIIIIII'II,IIIII i i! I1111111111111111111111 r" II IIII I P5'rllllillar-.. 11111111111111'491 Inu1 ,dr_ ,t IIIIIIIIIIlII111tl011- �I�1= U� 1411111V'I r� au11111111111Illllmt181V_ Ii91111111 ' lI I Iris ltli 1 I L IIIIII/III �1-,a ',IIYl1AlUl1 ,- oIIII�����J6�i� Appropriate This regional business district is developed as a series of blocks, providing a transition to the adjacent residential uses. A green (paseo) acts as a connecting element between business and residential areas. The use of parking structures reduces the visual and spatial impact of surface parking. Retail and office uses front the parking structures, thereby encouraging pedestrian activity along the streets. 34 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk OPEN -SPACE TYPES URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 35 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 36 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk OPEN -SPACE TYPES Open -Space Types Common open space is an essential element of a neighborhood and should be considered as an integral part of neighborhood design. Plazas, squares, and greens can provide urban open space at the neighborhood center, while active and passive parks should be situated at the edge of the neighborhood, between neighborhoods, or as a part of a school site. Generally, well -designed open areas are clearly defined by buildings and landscape. When properly planned, open spaces offer areas for social encounters, for recreation, as a complement to focal points, and provide foreground for civic buildings. Detached Squares and Greens Various forms of detached greens that may be incorporated within the neighborhood are shown in the above example. The central green is the most prominent social area and its importance is enhanced by placement of civic and commercial buildings framing the edge of the green. Smaller detached and attached greens, such as small parks and medians, are evenly distributed throughout the neighborhood to offer additional outdoor space for residents. Squares, greens and roundabouts may also be used as traffic calming devices depending upon their placement. AdVed ArditeouralGe.pbke rff Comer Attached Square Attached Square n r Mid -Block Green ad Attached Square with Civic Building J Close A rdundabout introduces focal points along a road network and acts as a traffic calming device. 37 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk OPEN -SPACE TYPES a Market Plaza The market plaza is a partially paved area for intensive use such as weekend markets, Aplaza may also be used as a front place for public buildings and religious structures, and other buildings of public gathering. Parks Parks are naturalistic open spaces used for active and passive recreational use. Generally parks should be located at the edge of the neighborhood, preferably in natural areas, or should be landscaped in a naturalistic manner. Parks combined with schools make a logical connection between neighborhoods. _ Green Similar to a central square, the green can be used as an urban space at the center of the community. The central green was the predominant form of open space in early American towns. Central greens should be defined on all sides by a road and clearly defined by architecture and landscape. In this example, both residences and public buildings are placed overlooking the green. C 7 C 7)00000000000000000C Buffer The butler is a form of green that reduces the impact on residential areas of traffic on an adjacent street. In this example, higher density residential development is placed around the buffer, while larger lot development with greater front setbacks buffer the traffic noise on the opposite side of the street. 38 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk This is an example of a plan that equally distributes open spaces as focal points throughout the neighborhood. This sketch shows an attached green within a neighborhood. Such greens should be evenly distributed throughout the neighborhood, with easy access to all residents. This sketch illustrates the use of a close to provide identity and passive recreation space in a sub - neighborhood area. A bosque, a formal planting of trees, acts as a focal point in this sub- . neighborhood area. 39 The central green or square acts as the "heart" of the community. Architecture and landscape should be used to clearly define the edges. Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk COMMERCIAL OPEN -SPACE TYPES This axonometric illustrates the use of an attached commercial square to reinforce the definition of the road intersection. Additionally, the use of arcades provides shade and human scale. The square offers an area for pedestrian congregation_ In this shopping center, an attached square is the focal point for the shopping center and the intersection. Additionally, it provides an outdoor space for cafes and possible outdoor sales, both of which increase the importance of the square as a focal point. This sketch demonstrates the use of an attached green as the focal point of a mixed -use urban area. The green i defined by buildings placed close to the street. Arcades provide shade and a transitional element between the interior and exterior of buildings. 40 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk .IIIIIIIIIIIIII III11IIIIIINlhi Mtn trtlwm,1rnl 4,1II wit:aaa,IIISiir'mantiIIrI I Ah_IIpIIM111111 htlpngn COMMERCIAL OPEN -SPACE TYPES IUfflIINRi,llll!NS4114141111111 pIiIII�IIIII�11111NN1lu�ldl�llllllllllllili� j This shopping center incorporates a central green system that makes the commercial development an integral part of the adjacent apartment neighborhood. An attached square, adjacent to a tree -lined boulevard, connects the pedestrian passage that runs through to the adjoining street. I'llll UII Tr 11111111111, I I111II I I 1<' III l, !ip11111111111111Y- 4111111111!" = i%%/ 1%// 7 r Commercial open -space types are the same as those for residential neighborhoods. The attached square and the green are the two predominant open -space types for commercial developments. Parks are seldom used unless they are connectors between retail and residential uses. A perspective of the attached square shows the use of landscape and arcades to provide shade and human scale 41 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk DEVELOPMENT TYPES URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 43 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 44 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk GENERALIZED NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT PATTERN IIIIII r%/I r ACTIVITY NODE TRANSITION AREA SECTION PERIPHERY WITHOUT/WITH OFFICES 1-1 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SECTION CENTER MILE S C A L E o~ e s,3m N The Generalized Neighborhood Development Pattern contained in the CDMP Guidelines for Urban Form is a schematic guide to the pattern of neighborhood land uses and relative development densities and intensities recommended by the CDMP to occur within the square -mile section grid of the County, The illustrations which follow demonstrate one of many possible physical design solutions that would comply with the CDMP criteria. The general pattern of land use in residential communities should conform to the following guidelines consistent with the land use patterns and densities authorized and encouraged by the Land Use Plan (LUP) map. Future amendments to the LUP map should reflect the promotion of this localized form within the metropolitan pattern of urban centers and transit corridors. I. The section line road should form the physical boundaries of neighborhoods. 2. The section line, half section line, and quarter -section line road system should form a continuous network, interrupted only when it would destroy the integrity of a neighborhood or development, or when there is a significant . physical impediment, Pedestrian and vehicular traffic networks should serve as physical links between neighborhoods, with multiple points of access between neighborhoods. 3. Within a section, a variety of residential types and densities are encouraged, with higher densities being located at the periphery, and lower densities in the interior. 4. Intersections of section line roads shall serve as focal points of activity, hereafter referred to as activity nodes. Activity nodes shall be occupied by any non-residential components of the neighborhood including public and semi-public uses. When commercial uses are warranted, they should be located within these activity nodes: In addition, of the various residential densities which may be approved in a section through density averaging or on an individual site basis, the higher density residential use should be located at or near the activity nodes. 5. Areas abutting and adjacent to activity nodes should serve as transition areas suitable for higher residential densities, public and semi-public uses including day care and congregate living uses. 6. Areas located along section line roads between transition areas are also authorized for eligible higher residential densities, public and semi-public uses. When section line roads are served by adequate mass transit, these are more suitable for office uses than such properties not served by adequate transit. 7. Sites located near the center of the section at or near the intersection of half -section line roads may be utilized for neighborhood -serving community facilities such as elementary schools, daycare, recreational uses, and open spaces. 8. Pedestrian circulation shall be provided between activity nodes, all public places, and all subdivisions, through connectivity of section, half -section and local ways constructed with sidewalks and supplemented by pedestrian paths. 9. Along arterials, major and high-speed roadways, pedestrian circulation should be accommodated by sheltering sidewalks from passing traffic by providing landscaping and trees at the street edge. In commercial areas, pedestrian access should be further accommodated by pedestrian pathways from the neighborhood to the business entrances as convenient as those from parking lots, and by providing awnings, overhangs or porticos for protection from the sun and weather. 10. The walling off of neighborhoods from arterial roadways should be avoided by alternatives such as placement of other compatible uses along the periphery of suburban neighborhoods. These uses include public and semi-public uses, higher density residential building types, and office uses. (flower density residential uses are to be located on an arterial, the building lots should be provided with ample setbacks and side yards. Block ends should face the arterial and frontage roads may be utilized, or landscaping should be used in lieu of continuous walls. I I. In planning and designing new residential developments, the frontages of public canals should be designed to remain open and accessible to neighborhood residents by such measures as the provision of adjoining frontage streets, and the avoidance of platting new contiguous building lots which would back up to the canal rights of way and prevent access. Similarly, new developments should be designed so that at least a portion of the shoreline of private water bodies will remain visible and accessible to neighborhood residents. The above criteria is from the CDMP, page 1-21. 45 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Tlr CD in fa: di GENERALIZED NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT PATTERN G Mile -flan complies with the CDMP criteria and provides a mix of uses including crcial, multi -family residential and attached and detached single family. Higher ty has been placed along the arterials. A central green and square provide a central for this neighborhood. Attached and detached squares and greens are evenly .uted and provide open space and sub -neighborhood identity. ® ACTIVITY NODE _= TRANSITION AREA seaIONPERIPNERY WITHOUT/WITH OFFICES L 1 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL se r10N CENTER This drawing highlights land use intensities in accordance with the Generalized Neighborhood Development Pattern. Commercial and office uses are placed at the edge fronting on section -line roads, Higher intensity residential is also incorporated as a transition to lower density residential areas. A school and park site provides a connection to adjacent neighborhoods. This diagram highlights the distribution of open -spaces in the form of greens, squares and parks. The placement of these spaces define and identify sub -neighborhood areas. 46 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Low -density residential, including courtyard, side yard, and perimeter housing, establishes a precedence for low density uses across the minor arterial. Greens have been used to designate sub -neighborhood areas and provide open space. A shopping center has been placed at the intersection of two arterial roadways, Buildings have been placed to define the edge of the block, with parking screened from surrounding roadways. A green acts as a transitional element between commercial and residential uses and provides easy access from the residential area to shopping. GENERALIZED NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT PATTERN LOW -DENSITY RESIDENTIAL RETAIL CENTER MULTI -FAMILY RESIDENTIAL iNUlze i t _. ■ IIIl11Illlm 167Ullllllll1111111'r- ^ li- TRANSITIONAL AREA r mm Multi -family uses placed close to the center green are buffered by lower density uses. Apartments and offices have been placed along the arterial as transitions to potential residential uses. 47 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Phase 1. The first step is to establish a formal center. A roundabout is used to provide a focus for the center. The roundabout terminates a tree -lined boulevard which connects to the arterial road, providing some connection to adjacent areas. Liner buildings with shops screen parking garages. Pedestrian passages connect to parking and future block connections. Phase 2. The primary element in this phase is the development of a mixed use block and street system. Structured parking replaces surface parking. Blocks are developed following existing vehicular systems. Phase 3. In Phase 3, additional multi -family residential along the periphery has been added, Greens and squares act as focal points for the residential component and define sub - neighborhood areas. Phase 4. In Phase 4, additional blocks are created. Auto and pedestrian access is increased as a result of connecting roads 10 development outside of the center. Phase 5. Phase 5 shows the completed retrofit of the site into a major urban neighborhood. The layout establishes a precedent for development patterns in surrounding areas. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3. Phase 4. Phase 5. RETROFIT Retrofitting is the redesign and updating of existing development to incorporate urban design principles. An existing regional shopping center was selected to show an example of the way an isolated suburban superblock development can be redeveloped incrementally over time using urban design principles to integrate lhe surrounding community, The illustrations depict the way in which a system of blocks can be created to enable a phased approach applied over a period of years orinterrupted at any point. Existing The map shows an existing regional center. The center is totally isolated from surrounding areas by large expanses ofparking. 48 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk RETROFIT This axonometric of a shopping center retrofit demonstrates the use of compatib unify this urban neighborhood. Existing Intermediate Phase rchitecture to Final Phase Existing block development focuses on parking lots with a lack of edge definition. The pedestrian experience is unpleasant. This example shows the "edging" of the block with retail activities. Parking garages with retail frontage partially complete the development of the block edge. In the final phase, architectural form and detailing, including variation in the building heights and arcades result in a pleasant pedestrian -oriented mixed -use block. 49 Submitted into the pub is record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk This example is a retrofit of an existing shopping center located near North Miami Beach. The shopping center was redesigned to include the following elements: 1. Tree shaded walkways have been used to connect the shopping center with the adjacent residential neighborhood. 2. Parking has been distributed throughout the site to allow easy access to retail uses. 3. Squares, greens and a plaza have been distributed throughout the site. RETROFIT T.. T tit 11 m. ll:r:Vrrw Er46rvii.erOutOaotororp A_ib =rnaaswr--ww rr_'c?'sac n,; nt ny r.! 11111111P — OUII Ia ii illl1111111MMli% dilllll' r•, OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square 50 STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT Many of the concepts expressed in this manual have been incorporated in the Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) ordinance. This ordinance provides design criteria that produce traditional neighborhoods such as those which existed in America prior to suburban growth characteristic after 1940. The neighborhood is the basic building block of community activities and can be defined as follows: I. The neighborhood has a center and an edge. This combination of a focus and a limit contributes to the social identity of the community. The center is a necessity, the edge less so and may not clearly exist. The center is always a public space, a square, a green, or an important street intersection located near the center of the urbanized area, unless otherwise compelled by geography. The edges of a neighborhood vary in character and, if properly planned, may subtly blend with the next neighborhood. Neighborhood edges can be defined by larger recreational and educational uses, greenbelts, landscape buffers or large homesites. 2. The neighborhood has a balanced mix of activities! shops, work, school, recreation, and dwellings of all types. This is particularly useful for young, old, disabled, and low- income populations who, in an automobile -based environment, depend on others for mobility. The neighborhood provides housing for residents with a range of incomes. Affordable housing types include backyard apartments, apartments above shops, and apartment buildings. 3. The optimal size of a neighborhood is a quarter mile from center to edge, a distance equal to a five-minute walk at an easy pace. Its limited area gathers the population within walking distance of many of their daily needs. 4. The location of a transit stop within walking distance of most homes increases the likelihood of its use. Transit -oriented neighborhoods create a regional network accessible to a population unable to rely on cars. Such a system can provide access to the major cultural and social institutions, a variety of shopping, and a large job base that can only be supported by the large population made up of an aggregation of neighborhoods. 5. The neighborhood consists of blocks on a network of small through streets. Streets are laid out to create blocks for appropriate building sites and to shorten pedestrian routes. An interconnecting street pattern provides multiple routes, diffusing traffic. This pattern keeps local traffic off regional roads and through traffic off local streets. Neighborhood streets of varying types are designed for pedestrian comfort and automobile movement. Slowing the automobile and increasing pedestrian activity encourages the casual meetings that form the bonds ofacommunity. 6. The neighborhood gives priority to the public and to appropriate location of civic buildings. Public spaces and buildings enhance community identity and foster civic pride. The neighborhood plan creates a hierarchy of useful public spaces: a formal square, and informal park, and many playgrounds. Sourer: Text adapted Roan a talk by Elizabedt Plater-Zybcrk at the Aspen Institute, 'Suburbs and Cities: on Changing Patterns in Metropolitan Living", 1995. The above scheme illustrates development under the TND criteria and provides all the elements that contribute to the development of a successful neighborhood. A mix of residential, commercial, and civic uses support neighborhood. activities. Squares and greens are distributed throughout the neighborhood as an integral part of the plan. 51 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT Mix of Housing The TND ordinance provides for a mix of housing types including detached single family (perimeter yard), townhouses and apartments. Center The center provides a focal point for community activities. Activity in the square is enhanced by retail, a religious building and higher density residential dwellings. Edge In this example, lower density single family homes have been placed adjacent to a linear park. The park provides a buffer between the residential and commercial uses placed on an arterial road. 52 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT Transit Stop The location of a transit stop within walking distance of most homes increases the likelihood of its use. Here the transit stop is conveniently located at the town square. Blocks & Streets The street network is made up of streets and blocks. Buildings placed close to the street define the street edge and create a street cross-section compatible with human scale. 53 Civic Buildings Civic buildings should be placed at prominent locations. The yard of a religious facility doubles as a multiple use area for religious and neighborhood activities. Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 55 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 56 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.I on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk INTRODUCTION The following sketches were prepared as hypothetical schemes for existing undeveloped sites in Miami -Dade County. The illustrations incorporate elements explained in this manual, including human scale relationships, mix of uses, focal points, incorporation of squares and greens and spatial street definition. The purpose is to demonstrate the application of the urban design principles in this manual to real undeveloped sites located throughout the County. OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: 5- 60144E Detached Square or Green Attached Square or Green BUILDING TYPE: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This site is located in North Miami -Dade County. The key design elements include: 1. All units have physical or visual access to a green or square. 2. One attached square and two detached squares were placed within parking areas thus reducing the visual impact of parking. 3. Pavers are used to define the parking areas and to enhance and expand the character of the green. 4. Sidewalks connect all units. 57 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square Corner Attached or Green Square or Green SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio 1:2 By Landscaping BUILDING TYPES: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Ratio: 1:3 :house Perimeter Yard Side Yard folioAxoinp MAN !lillr. II104tNUl DRAW44i„ t0'Nlt1111 ii This neighborhood located in south Miami -Dade County includes the following urban design concepts: 1. The mix of housing types includes townhouses, perimeter yard units, and side yard units. 2. Porches are provided on perimeter yard houses as a transitional element between unit, street and sidewalk. 3. A civic -use building and clubhouse face plazas which act as neighborhood focal points. 4. A double -frontage road is provided to buffer townhouses from traffic along an adjacent arterial. 58 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Close Corner Attached Square or Green SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio 1:2 By Landscaping This site is located on a lake in south Miami -Dade County and is a combination of townhouses and perimeter yard units. This plan offers the following urban design elements: n5- Attached Square or Green Ratio: 1:3 1. A "Lake Shore Drive" provides community access to the lake. 2. A central axis along a series of squares connects the neighborhood to the waterfront. 3. A clubhouse is provided as the major focal point along the lake. 4. An attached central green, located at the edge of the lake, is the major focal point of the community. 5. Alleys provide rear access for additional parking and trash collection. 6. Outbuildings, facing on alleys, provide the potential for additional housing. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES BUILDING TYPES: Townhouse Perimeter Yard 59 Submitted into the pub is record in connection w'th item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Detached Square or Green T: wnhouse OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Attached Square Comer Attached or Green Square or Green BUILDING : YPES: Perimeter Yard STREET SI t IAL DEFINITION: :in l:3 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Side Yard This neighborhood is located in south Miami -Dade County. The plan incorporates the following urban design concepts: 1. The site meets the storm -water retention area requirement in the form of a lake. The lake is designed as an integral and unifying element ofthc neighborhood rather than being placed at the perimeter. 2. The plan follows a modified gridwithxheaddition ofcurved roads that add interest to a basic grid plan. 3. A mix of housing types, including perimeter yard, side yard, and townhouses, is provided. 4. All units face, or are located within, the immediate vicinity of a green or lake. All greens have direct or indirect access to the lake. 5. A sense of continuity is provided by connecting the roadway system to adjacent development. 60 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 1'riscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Detached Square Corner Attached Attached Square or Green Square or Green , or Green This hypothetical neighborhood is located in west Miami -Dade County and is a 30-acre site with multiple ownerships. The plan incorporates the following concepts: 1. The lake shape results in a picturesque road system. 2. Public access to the lake is provided with both paths and roadways. 3. Bridges provide additional visual access to the lake and act as focal points. 4. The lake offers both active and passive recreational opportunities, 61 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This 80-acre site is located in south Miami -Dade County and incorporates single-family, apartments, and retail uses. The design elements include: 1. A mix of uses, includes single-family and retail. 2. The storm -water retention area requirement is provided by a lake which penetrates the entire neighborhood in a picturesque matter. 3. Public access to the lake is provided by roadways and bridges. 4. Open space is distributed equally throughout the neighborhood. 5. The block and street network interconnects the neighborhood. Sidewalks are provided throughout. 6. Alleys provide additional parking access, trash collection and the potential for additional housing placed along the alley. Alleys eliminate the need to park in the front yard arca. STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Detached Square Ratio 1:2 OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Plaza :E Green and Playground Townhouse BUILDING TYPES: Perimeter Yard Side Yard 62 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: T rii Detached Square Corner Attached or Green Square STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio I:3 BUILDING TYPES: Townhouse Park Ratio 1:2 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This site, located in north Miami -Dade County, is adjacent to a golf course/park and comprised entirely of townhouses. The urban design elements include: 1. A central square and two attached squares provide neighborhood focal points. 2. Al! cross streets terminate on the golf course, thus visually linking the golf course to the neighborhood. 3. A sidewalk along the golf course provides direct visual access to open space. 63 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This site is located in North Miami -Dade County. Because of the narrow site configuration and relatively high density, it isa difficultsite to optimally design. However, certain elements are incorporated that create a viable community including: 1. A mix of housing types, including townhouses and apartments. 2. Townhouses and apartments front interior courts with connecting walks throughout. OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Close Detached Square Attached Square or Green or Green STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: • BUILDING TYPES: Ratio t : 3 Ratio 1 : 2 Townhouse Apartment 64 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This project, located in south Miami -Dade County, is an apartment complex fronting on a lake. Urban design concepts include: 1. The oval (central green) connects all units to the lake and is the focal point of the neighborhood. 2. The entrance to the oval is defined by an archway. 3. A clubhouse is provided with additional guest parking. OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Green BUILDING TYPES: STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio 1 . 1 Ratio 1 : 3 Bar Building 471rn164'm', �• _tom=!',, .glhllrr= nmr>alllllllllllli01"t; p ,'►. t�►,�,t -,anlwlll�lll ull 1.'0111111 Q=1tmo 11_tlu dig do = 1��IIli'ia r �'itg t11� n 9111111►44,; now, 11. d t11{III w s ==10ig Ip �� 65 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk This site located in north Miami -Dade County is adjacent to a golf course, and the entire neighborhood consists of townhouses The urban design elements include: 1. Attached squares and two greens Act as neighborhood focal points and provide neighborhood open space. 2. The terniinus of all cross -streets provides a view onto the golf course. 3. A sidewalk along the golf course provides direct c ommunity visual access to the golf course and open space. Attached Square or Green OPEN SPACE TYPES USED: Attael ed Square or Green Park ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES , e,i^ 1. am„�' 'eft.+. _• ���fi a11�R1\iit *9V4q1 1 1A111111111111 t �tt111~1111911`Il�nlw� r@ s51111"1.1"ll STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: BUILDING TYPES. .Townhouse 66 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Tor 2111I1111 IIIbtIl dlllP"_= "IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII d 11111111 giminqub !111111111111P_p. __+1111111111111111 _V111mbn111102 IIIIIIIII V-: :gm I an 00.: rim Apartment BUILDING TYPES: �1=011611YIIIIYYIYYY!IIIIIIIIDI° =_11111111'IdlldVl'II��_ e 11111111111111111111 E d-i IIIllil Courtyard Apartment ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES 4'it 1 111E3 >nt t it uu 11111 II fflh --- slum l illiiltulm' ...11.7d111111lllh Ill 11111111 OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square or Green Close This apartment neighborhood is located in north Miami - Dade County and incorporates the following design elements: I. All units face on a close or attached square. A large central green provides open space for four of the buildings and is the focal point for the neighborhood. An individual close provides a focal point for each of the remaining two buildings. 2. Sidewalks provide pedestrian connection throughout the neighborhood. STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio t : 3 67 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk This mixed -use development located in south Miami -Dade County includes the following design elements: 1. Mixed uses include retail and townhouses. 2. The storm -water retention area is developed as a central lake and acts as a focal point for the development. 3. Retail has been designed with double frontage for direct Access from the residential area. 4. Greens are provided for passive recreational activities and as neighborhood focal points. OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square or Green Close BUILDING TYPES Townhouse Comer Attached Square or Green ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES M Ills vlll'. aoirrsrllinr/ ism �.» s. "'.■j -.r �weiirj ' a + - efo stares i 1eYeew7w ATE r fii woe e.airiY e•e"'Siigy6ia 40.4 STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio 1 : 3 Ratio I : 2 68 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk h 4u1111IliOTR IIIIIILIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIAI �" L iWHHNHJINftI NIIII ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This site is located in south Miami -Dade County. It is a mixed -use development including at hotel, retail, townhouses, and apartment units, Design concepts include: 1. Parking structures are used to resolve parking requirements. liner shops are provided on the ground floor of parking garages to create activity along the street. 2. Various open -space types, including an octagon shaped detached green, a roundabout, attached squares and a close, are incorporated as open spaces throughout the neighborhood. 3. A diagonal boulevard running from the octagon to the roundabout provides a unifying element for this scheme. OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square or Green Lrt r re VI Plaza BUILDING TYPES: limp"! Townhouse Apartment STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio 1 : 3 Roundabout 69 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Pizza OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square Comer Attached or Green Square or Green STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: Ratio 1 3 Ratio 1 BUILDING TYPES: 2 Townhouse Perimeter Yard ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES 70 This development, located in south Miami -Dade County, combines apartments, townhouses, perimeter yard, and retail uses. The urban design elements include the following features: 1 The town square provides the connection between the residential and retail uses, 2. Two additional greens provide passive recreational uses and act as focal points within the neighborhood. 3. A defined entrance in the form of an archway is provided to the main boulevard. 4. Single-family units provide a transition to a school at the south end of the site. Plan Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This site located in north Miami -Dade County is a ten acre tract and requires a storm water retention area which has been developed as a lake. This plan incorporates the following urban design elements: 1. The lake is the focal point of the community. 2. All units have access to the lake, 3. All units front on or are connected to a green. 4. The plan incorporates townhouses and apartments. Ratio 1:3 t lll'lllllllllllIiiitll uIA lIIIIAlII11lIlIIICti;_ nun�un �n�i�lly�h-, Il\•. i1 air XX. MEP' MP' 11111W Inv lip. OPEN -SPACE TYPES: Detached Square or Green Attached Square or Green i(Ilililllllllm��lll Illtlll�l'�' IIII11IIIItlI1111111t11111 BUILDING TYPES: Townhouse Apartment 71 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES This 120-acre site is located in west Miami -Dade County and incorporates the following urban design concepts. 1 There. meets the storm water retention area requirement in the form of a lake. The is designed as an integral and unifying element of the neighborhood, 2. Put; ccess to the lake is provided by roadways and bridges. 3. Opc ace is distributed equally throughout the neighborhood as focal poi rsub-neighborhood areas. The uborhood center is defined by townhouses arranged along a circular road Hot.. • types include apartments, perimeter yard units and townhouses. Alle'.: ovide additional access for parking and trash collection as well as a pote. .: for additional housing units, The use of alleys eliminates the need to park . c front yard area and act as buffers between rearyards. BUILDING TYPES: Townhouse Perimeter Yard STREET SPATIAL. DEFINITION: Detached Square or Green Ratio 1:2 By Landscaping OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square or Green Corner Attached Square or Green Attached Square 72 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk OPEN -SPACE TYPES USED: Detached Square Attached or Green Square Market Plaza BUILDING TYPES: Close eIIIIII :ill` Townhouse Courtyard Perimeter Yard This 400 acre site located in northwest Miami -Dade County includes a mix of townhouses, perimeter yard units, apartments and courtyard units. The plan incorporates the following urban design elements: I . The stormwater mitigation requirement has been met by the design of a series of canals surrounding a connected system of blocks and streets. 2. Squares and greens are strategically placed to define sub - neighborhood areas. 3.A street grid is modified with curved roads which add interest to the plan. 4. Focal points placed along the canal system have been provided throughout the plan. 5. Alleys provide rear access for additional parking, trash collection and act as buffers between rear yards. 6.A number of streets have been placed adjacent to the canal to provide visual access. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Park Apartment STREET SPATIAL DEFINITION: 73 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk A PARTIALLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 75 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1. on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Alexander, Chrisloph A.P0�m Latsg aas9 rs ew Yar sCov�rys, t977S,,Nldings Construction, Pre. The American Institute of Architects. A(chi[yc�tral Gmghic Standards NN nthh esign B, a Elizabeth besig� By Gary Grk Zah , Andres Duany Elizabeth sic w work established lishad nand ice l em nt sof. Nei lassieworkcetablMuc the bermelements this ernal wonal erpted hood concept Much of the malarial in this manual was adapted from this source]. Arendt, Randall. RR Ira1 by Design Manntahling.S➢null Town Character PR nners Press 1pa94. [Randall Arendt },� niciparet it the development of Architectural Graphic Standards relative 10 "wrier developments]. Baldassare, Mark. Trouble in Pa Th ��G �fa��' A1nSaoa. Baeneta, Jonathon. CS lis e No -R<shaorne tfrc ff ¢ Harper l..'olnn9, IYYJ. Bonevol , Leonardo. cram Count' Ptnruring4end t:ommuniry 6evelapmem Department. Bentley, 1. Al cock, A, Murrain P, Mc 01 S. Smith, Cs tt�rwo`- orFfiTlefnedn snt:nn Ctt .. Inn� sigr , Oxford, England, 1995 Dan (hyy,�4JRebihHry et. Al nof UtlIq+�"racy, 8 ookmgs lnsnmhon, D14't. Beveridge, Charles E„ et. Al. Frederick_Law Olmsted: DcsieninnlfoArnerican I andscane RRiosoli, 1995. {plmstrA, the designer at Cennal Park, develoued the "Landscaped Suburb" of Rivcrsude which became the mtdel for large lo[ suburban landscaped communities]. Ruder, Stanley. V'',:root[narien and Planners, The Garden City Movement and the Modern hid Upversity Press. 1990. Bumhan Daniel, nncemn Arc re rtecmmt Press, 1994. Calrborpe, eter. Tbo NexprArnerican Metro and the [PeaiEan Dream, Princeton Architectural Press, 1993, ter Calthorpe Is the proponent of the TOD (Transient Oriented Development) concepts of linking communities with transportation nodal points]. Center for Urban Transportation Research. 19931m a t fC m 'tvD s n Tmnsoolu+tion, University of South Florida. PARTIALLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY City of Ottawa. 1993 Urban Dcsien. City of Seattle, 1993 Design Review G 'd I f M Itf miry and Commercial @tdld.nes. [;on earerrt5 [This [This charter establishes the basic goals of the "New Urbanism Movement' Downs,, Anthony. r�kmgs loser etrgenlil iti]nsI1ne y " hluno coin) sbmrn of Land Policy, 'orthe New Urbanism. waibo. ow Urbanism Downs, Anthony. :kln3�t19n (born ith Pcak-Hour Traffic Congestion] no mgs nsnmtion, 1�92. Doan , Andres end Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. 4 Lexicon (unpublished?. T is soon to be published' setof rules" for the New Urbanism is an expansion of the work in Graphic Standards and will be the basic document for the New Urbanism movement]. Many, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. owng.nIA own Making Prineiolaa. nzzo r1. E Amitai. T Spilir9fCommunity: The Reinvenrion ofAnurican Society. S'— &Schuster, 1994. Fisherman, Robert. Th Pac� pc.oiElllo?ni.9 UDD and Fall of Suburbia. Garvin, Alexander. The AmA cr7 r C tv Whitt Works and What Doan'G Goddard, Steohen B. oad and Rail in the Americus University of Chicago Press, 1994, Gratz], Robbgerta Brander and eeNpporman Minez. Johtn Wdey a rn Sons, (998, New Lifr for DowntowB. Hillsborough County City -County Planning Commission. Princinlcs for Good Ncrgbypofoods, Tampa, Florida, 1992. [This publication incorporates basic urban design principles for the furore growth of Tampa, Florida. It is an easily understood set of principles similar to those presented in this manual]. Hiss, Tony. . 0 Hotz, Sane K theAutoeaobile Took Qv Hylton, Thomas, Save Our Land Save Ovr Towns A Plan fief Pennsylvania. Pas Books, 1995, International City Managers Association. Princ n]es and Praotice of Urban Planning, 1968. son, Kenreth T- ura unrversrty ryes ittnof the United States. Jacobs, Allan B. Qce8LO0e0079 MIT Press, 149J. Jacobs, Jane. Cities trite, Wed5tlo of Nations_ Pnnciolcs of Economic Life. Jacobs, Jane. Vrv,Q, 9 if LQooat American Cities. g [This book by sociologist highlighted the social dangers ofreplaeing the typical urban street neighborhood toe higher density, low-income strochncs, Kate, P Toward an Architcctute Qf Community. MCUmook ja t Ygo. [This book is a good overview of [own plans, perspectives, and axonomenics of theNew Urbanism Movement). Kelbaugh, Doug, gn. Polace Tow fo Gerssry fWaa�ngror Kemwis�e, Daniell. n irU sr¢ry of Okglahom l U Press( 1v90. oug Krier, Leon a �aap Krier, Loos. and gcgtonal Dsaign. 'ton, 1998. [[ 9honshes crchevesd'Achriecture edemas, 1978. [This classic work was a major source In the creation of the New Urbanism Movement]. Krier, Ltr5 ArctitoeturaHl Des gn AD Erb no'ns, New Y, Le An 91C 1984_ Krieer, Roob.yy Stunk International Publications, New York, 1979. [Rob Krier is the designer of the rows of Kirchesteigseld in Potsdam, Germany. It is a major contribution to the New Urbanism Movement and very successful in toms of demand by East Germans to live in a well -designed community]. 76 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk PARTIALLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Krer, Rob. hitecmral Conr riti2q. tzvnli Inlematmnal Publrcalions, New York, 1988. Krier, Rob ����� nt S 4bl n PI Press es s1992 eine angdan, Philip. AA BenP4tererns T7'• Liv - Resuming theAmerimn Suburb Harps Perennral, 1995. Le Corbusier. Th Radipt C315. Net 6Nkken11 Kocher t punel. [This clangs, 1967. First Wa blished in France in 1933. by Le Corbu book los armodem classic.] la tine proposed broad redesign deities Lcjeuno lean -Franco is (editor). The New City. Vol. . Modern Cities University of Miami School of Architecture/Princeton Architectural Press, 1994. (This volume includes an article by Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Gary Greenan on Traditional Neighborhood concepts]. Longo, Gianni. uideannnrauvetVrve s, 799lobo6❑can Public Places. Lynch, Kevin. Dnaee of the City. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1960. [This.is the classic book dial identified elements of city composition.) MacKape, Renton. The New Exploration: APhIi =-,hv of Reeinnal Plamrinv University of Illinois Press, 1, •.. McCCo ppra, Kathryn and Durrett, Charles. ed Ten Sp P allot t�rpoorary Aonroach to Housine Ourselves. Metropolitan Dade County Planning Department . Thebeor. ar7t'° ree [This is the first publication 8that addressed urban design problems in Miami -Dade County including specific methods of implementing urban design principles. The publication received the American Planning Association award of Excellence and is available from the Miami -Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning). Miami -Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning. F'Ns"dile rat Ns ehborhood Develootnenl Ordinance 1992. 117�7, s [hie ffrst lTID ord tree e�pted �n the coundry and sell forth in ordinance form the etcments of Traditional Neighborhood Development]. Metropolitan Miami -Dade County. _ IS arqc Desi., ClaryDad Couc n nty. 1995. [This his report report offers a brief analysis of urban design in Dade County and is available hum the Miami -Dade Department of Planning and Zoning.) More+ RichardandCana Wilkie. (0anaiHolpt 1 cL]ompeny,14ini Communiry in the Age of Sprawl. Mohney, David. male: Ma toga Towoin Al�4rylca. [This bon analyzes th press, fSe (This book analyzes the town of Seaside which was the basis for the Traditional Neighborhood movement] Nelesson, Anton. Visions for a New American Drwm' Provona Princinlca• and an Ordina ndres uan Pistei- Zyberk and Gary Greenan. New Urbanq Net Ows. Septernbc ctober, 1998. No00 i [,John.neot; { s gRevitalizine the Csnters of American Life. Oldenburg, Rea.. Par Oreat PoPlace. Orfteld, My arosed I Mengpoiu(ea: / ge� fat �e�naa fPr GY% n'�B�i arts sJabdity. Bf00ktoga InnlNtiO GP n natlN[e O rcy, I997 Pick Mantra. �T h Sierra Club Guide to Community Oraanizine: How to Save Youf Ne Ste°s Cluh Bookort99J. Po l txoides, Stefanos, et. al. ourtvard 1%Asioein lyy.�.Mg1 1 ATvnloeic11 Analysis. n toreference rc aroa in l osss, 1 3. [A good Pere ce in the use of the coon garden Rouse as a urban typology]. Porter, Douglas R. Thesa,rP99lvih.in America's Communities. Reich, Robert B 7 Reps sa, Rusk, David astsu oodmw Wilsonb}s m Ce Ier, 1995. ski, Witold. er elves For 21 st Century Caoitalisrn Scully, Vincent. Ngry t. M tonms Pr ThUi 97,ra1 and the Manmadt [This classic text provides an in-depth analysis of architecture and urban design. Vincent Scully is the foremost architectural historian]. Sennett, Richard. The Cooscicnep pf Ire Eve' The Dcsien and Social Life ofCities. 0.' W Norton„ 1992. Se ard. onon, Se Tnll,l hn. (��n1I The chaps of Tu onto PTssogrq StncenIes With Modern Planning. Stein, Clarence. v9) Toward New Towns for America. Introduction by Lewis Mumford Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1957. New York, NY (This classic text provides urban design solutions such as the layout for Radbum New Jersey and other evolving planning concepts of the 1950s- 60s). Sucher, David. C'ry Confronis Press, 1995. Univeea.ity of Miami School of Architecture 1991. 1991Noecurrent. [The New City publications focus on urbanism and are available from the School ofAmhitectore at theUnivcrsity of Miami). unwire, Rayymmond. TownpPlannine in Practice: An Introduction to the Art ofDseimrine Cities caroms rchltecmral Press, 1994. [This book first published in 1919 is the basis for the Nov Urbanism Movement The "straight forward" physical design solutions can easily be applied today and are the basis for many of the concepts in this publication.] Van Der Ryr Sim and Catthorpe Peter. 3ustainab n Communities: A''ew Desimt Synthesis for Cities Sut.rbs. and Sierra Club Books, 1986. Valle, Erick. A a ricer �nirnc. nUAu SYnoloeies. Kcv West. Florida [Tbi17arh 19 [This publicationanalyzes the urban development pattern for Key Weal, Florida Key West was an early model for the concepts of the New Urbanism and Traditional Neighborhood Development concepts]. Western Australian Planning Commission Sustainable Cities Initiative. f997 An axes ant ens tra e o elm n mg community design criteria -available from Wearean Planning Commission, Albert Facet'y Houseouse 469 Wellington Street Perth, Western Australia 6000]. 77 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ACKNOWLEDGMENTS URBAN DESIGN MANUAL 79 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk 80 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared by the Department of Planning and Zoning Guillermo E. Olmedillo, A.LC.P. Director, Department of Planning and Zoning Carey Lee Rawlinson, A.I.C.P. Assistant Director of Planning Robert Usherson Chief, Metropolitan Planning Division Report Coordinators Gary C. Greenan and Gilberto Blanco Consultant and Professor, Principal Planner University of Miami Editorial Assistance Maria Crowley Principal Planner Coordinator of Computer Graphics Claudio J. Fuente Angela Castro Graphics Designer Word Processing Coordination Kimberly Keels -Thompson 81 Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk Submitted into the public record in connection with item PZ.1 on 06-26-08 Priscilla A. Thompson City Clerk