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City of Miami Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan
and Pathway to Carbon Neutrality by 2050
MIAMI FOREVER
10932 Exhibit A -SUB
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Miami Forever Carbon
Neutral
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan and Roadmap
to Carbon Neutrality by 2050
November 2021
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Chapter 1: Introduction
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral is the City's Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (GHG Plan) and is a
roadmap to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 in the community, strengthen the local economy, and
enhance climate justice. The plan's primary focus is to directly reduce the source of GHG emissions to
get as close to zero emissions as possible. The plan is based on five overarching goals that support a
GREEN Miami and achievement of the City's GHG reduction targets:
• G — Getting Around Miami
• R — Renewable Energy
• E — Electric Vehicles
• E — Energy Efficiency
• N — New Green Economy
As the City emerges from the COVID-19 crisis, this GHG Plan and stated actions provide opportunity for
the City's recovery to be green and just. GREEN actions will not only reduce GHG emissions but also
build our new economy!
In order to reach carbon neutrality by 2050 at latest and participate in the global effort to keep global
warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, we needed to set a baseline, develop a science -based interim
target, and engage key regional stakeholders. This Plan is focused on rapidly decreasing greenhouse gas
emissions from sources within City of Miami's jurisdiction, aiming to achieve a minimum 60% reduction
in emissions from 2018 levels by 2035.
The Case for Action
Human -caused GHG emissions from activities like burning fossil fuels to produce electricity or driving
our cars are the primary contributors to global climate change. 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions
(the primary human -caused greenhouse gas) come from cities, which means local governments must be
leaders in their commitment to ambitious actions that drastically reduce emissions to avoid the worst
impacts of climate change.' Miami is a low-lying, subtropical, coastal city, which makes it susceptible to
flooding due to sea level rise, impacts from intensifying tropical storms, and extreme heat.2 This
confluence of factors paired with population density and exposed assets makes greater Miami one of
the most vulnerable areas to climate change in the world. However, with dedicated efforts and
investments to climate adaptation and carbon mitigation, Miami can combat these climate challenges
and create a resilient and sustainable city for all.
Miami's Greenhouse Gas Reduction Commitments
In November 2019, Miami declared a climate emergency and committed to developing a GHG Reduction
Plan. In 2021, the City adopted a resolution committing to the goal of reaching net zero emissions by
2050. On the trajectory to its net zero emissions by 2050 goal, the City set an interim target of 60%
reductions below 2018 levels by 2035. These goals are for citywide emission reductions, which includes
1 https://www.c40.org/whv cities
2 More details on Miami's vulnerabilities can be found in Resilient305 and Miami Forever Climate Ready
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emissions from entities that operate within the City but are outside the City's direct control like certain
private businesses and some Miami -Dade County services.
The development of this GHG Plan was supported by C40 Cities, a global network of cities committed to
tackling climate change and increasing the economic and environmental wellbeing of their residents.
Assistance was specifically provided by C40's climate planning team through its Climate Action Planning
Framework and was further supported with C40's technical resources, including a GHG scenario
planning tool (Pathways), action selection and prioritization tool (ASAP), and guidance for setting
ambitious and achievable GHG reduction targets on the path to net zero. C40 member cities use a
science -based approach and exchange best practices in taking the urgent and effective actions needed
to address the climate crisis and keep global warming below 1.5°C.
Miami's Key Greenhouse Gas Reduction Actions
The City of Miami already has a history of climate action to reduce GHG emissions and prepare for and
respond to climate risks. Several recent examples include:
• MiPlan: The City's first Climate Action Plan and greenhouse gas inventory. MiPlan set out a goal
for the City to reduce GHG emissions by 25% below 2006 levels by 2020. By 2018, the City had
reduced GHG emissions by ^'31%.
• City Building Retrofits: During the economic recession in 2008, City of Miami received $4.7
million from the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program (EECBG) to conduct
energy efficiency retrofits in City buildings. These retrofits resulted in significant reductions in
energy use. In addition, many of the City's outdoor lights have been upgraded to LEDs.
• LEED Requirement for New Construction: Miami21, Miami's form -based zoning code, includes a
LEED silver requirement for all new construction over 50,000 sq. ft. and expedited permitting
and density bonuses for green buildings to further incentivize sustainable building design. It also
requires cool roofs on most new construction and/or roof replacements to help reduce the
urban heat island effect and lower building cooling demand.
• Miami 21: Miami21 became the City's effective zoning code in February 2010. The Miami21
Zoning Code is a form -based code guided by tenets of new urbanism and smart growth
principles. Its passage facilitated the growth and densification of the urban core.
• Solar Incentives: Miami provides expedited permitting and waived permit fees for rooftop solar
installations. The City also helps constituents afford solar through the Solar United Neighbors
Co-op and PACE financing.
• Alternative Transportation: The City operates its own free trolley network with 13 routes and
over 5 million rides provided per year. We are currently working to update the Bicycle Master
Plan, which will help us create additional dedicated bike lanes. We also partner with private
micro -mobility programs, like Citibikes and dockless scooters.
• Resilient305: Miami participated in a regional planning process to develop a comprehensive
strategy to tackle multiple emerging challenges, including climate change, urbanization, and
globalization.
• Miami Forever Climate Ready: Miami's climate adaptation strategy to reduce climate risks to
the city and its communities, including impacts from flooding, extreme heat, and storms.
• Google Environmental Insights Explorer Program: Google has chosen Miami as one of 100 cities
nationwide for which they will develop and provide advanced environmental data. This data will
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help improve the accuracy of future GHG inventories and planning efforts and includes datasets
such as an urban tree canopy and emissions from on -road transportation.
This document is one of three strategies guiding City of Miami climate resilience work and should be
read in compliment with Resilient305 and Miami Forever Climate Ready.
Climate Justice
Climate justice begins with recognizing which groups are disproportionately impacted by the
environmental and economic consequences of climate change and that climate impacts can exacerbate
inequitable social conditions. Typically, those groups tend to be responsible for a relatively low volume
of greenhouse gas emissions.
In Miami, climate justice communities are historically underinvested neighborhoods (which tend to be
inland), populated by individuals that are low-income, predominantly Black, and recent immigrants.
These neighborhoods tend to be viewed as less physically vulnerable to climate change since flooding is
less common, but they are still vulnerable to climate impacts (hurricanes, extreme heat, flooding,
pandemic, recession) and their residents are relatively more socially vulnerable than other parts of the
City. Neighborhoods of note in Miami include: Allapattah, Liberty City, Little Havana, Little Haiti/Ti Ayiti,
and Overtown.
Inequities experienced by residents of climate justice communities include:
• Utility burden
• Low car ownership rates
• Renters being pushed out of homes due to increasing rent prices
• Uninsured or underinsured
• Prolonged exposure to hazardous conditions such as extreme heat and pollution in homes and
worksites
• Lack of access to reliable and consistent public transportation
• Live paycheck to paycheck and cannot afford hurricane supplies or to evacuate due to flooding
• Live more than 3 miles from closest grocery store
Throughout the Plan development process, consideration was given to how actions could have disparate
impact or benefits across the City and explicit language and programmatic elements were added to seize
climate justice opportunities. This holistic view of climate action is vital in carrying out the City's vision to
create a more resilient, safe, and vibrant Miami for all.
Growing Miami's New Green Economy & Green Workforce
Achieving Miami's target of 60% reduction in GHG emissions by 2035 and 100% reduction by 2050,
coupled with adapting to the increasing intensity and severity of weather events will require a
substantive transformation of the local economy. Critical to Miami Forever Carbon Neutral and
Resilient305, among other City climate action commitments, is ensuring that local businesses and
residents economically benefit from sustainability and resilience efforts. Prioritizing green investments —
those that support GHG mitigation and climate adaptation — will simultaneously facilitate economic
development and diversification, achieve GHG mitigation goals, and support climate justice priorities.
Defining the new green economy
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The green economy is broadly defined as any group of businesses and organizations that use practices
that are significantly better in reducing the negative impact of human activity on the environment',
including those that mitigate or adapt to the impacts of climate change. Participants in the green new
economy can be divided into two groups — those that supply a green output, such as renewable
energy, climate mitigation services, electric vehicles, or mass transit, and those that consume a green
output, including traditional industry sectors like healthcare, hospitality, and government.
Miami's new green economy is defined as the businesses and organizations that are supporting the
realization of our climate action goals by facilitating access to the goods and services that are
essential to reducing the negative impact of human activity on the environment. Importantly, Miami's
new green economy realizes our climate justice goals by providing middle -skill, living wage jobs,
creating demand for workforce training opportunities, and promoting economic resilience for Miami's
socially vulnerable residents.
The scale of climate change impacts facing our community and the actions needed to transition to a
healthy, climate -resilient future and a more sustainable, inclusive economy are far too great for any one
economic sector to address alone. The public and private sectors each have key roles to play in
positioning the local economy to be responsive to these structural changes and ensuring that the local
workforce is prepared for the new skills required by green jobs. Still, the public sector will play an
important role in creating and fostering an environment that is welcoming and conducive to growing
Miami's new green economy, similar to the role the City has played with the tech industry.
Appendix A provides an evaluation of Miami's current green economy, including key industries and
assets, green industries that are poised for growth, and occupations that will be positively and
negatively impacted by green economic growth. It concludes with actions the City can take to
complement its GREEN actions to grow the new green economy and create inclusive economic
opportunity for our residents and workers while supporting the transition to a carbon -free future. These
actions support and further many objectives established in Resilient305, including goals for building a
diverse, inclusive economy, creating youth career opportunities, buying local, and collaborating with
local universities. In Chapter 3, actions with new economy opportunities have been noted with "$$".
Community Engagement Process
In order to produce an equitable plan that represents all of Miami's stakeholders, significant effort was
made to inform and engage the public throughout the development of this Plan. Monthly progress
updates were given throughout the project development period at the Mayor's Resilience Action Forum,
an online, moderated dialogue between the public and City staff focused on climate resilience topics. In
addition to that standing update, we had five different methods of collecting feedback.
Throughout the engagement process we surveyed participants to see what areas of the City were being
represented. We found that there was high representation from the City's coastal areas that tend to
have higher -income households, younger populations, and are more digitally connected in comparison
to the City at large: Coconut Grove, Coral Way, The Roads, Brickell, Downtown, and Edgewater. There
was relatively low representation from inland areas that have lower -income households, older
3 C40, C40 Green Economy & Innovation Forum webinar on measuring green jobs in cities, 2019.
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populations, more non-English speaking residents, and historic Black neighborhoods: Flagami, Little
Havana, Overtown, Liberty City, and Little Haiti/Ti Ayiti. As these areas with low representation also
constitute the City's climate justice communities, it is clear that the City must diversify its engagement
practices as it implements this plan to ensure these socially vulnerable communities are included on the
road to carbon neutrality.
• Open feedback
o We began to engage the public by publishing a project website
(www.miamigov.com/ghgplan) and inviting people to share both their ideas and
concerns about the proposed high-level topics the Plan addresses. For example,
increasing rooftop solar and reducing vehicle miles traveled. The survey was open for
one month and received 149 responses.
• Virtual workshops
o The City hosted three identical virtual workshops for the GHG reduction actions wherein
attendees were briefed on the Plan's goals, answered a survey on their co -benefit
criteria priorities, and shared their feedback on specific key actions the City was
proposing for the Plan.
o The City hosted a GHG Plan Townhall with Commissioner Ken Russell to discuss the
latest version of the plan, answer questions, and collect additional feedback.
o The City hosted two virtual information sessions for the New Green Economy report,
briefing participants about the content of the report and providing a forum for
discussion and questions.
• Public draft review
o After the Plan's release on Earth Day 2021, the Plan was out for public review for 30
days. Feedback was solicited via a form or through email for those who were interested
in giving more in-depth comments.
o The New Green Economy report was released in September 2021 and was open for
public comment through the end of the month.
• Targeted meetings
o For key stakeholders and/or stakeholder groups that were not represented in earlier
outreach efforts, focused meetings were held to fill knowledge gaps and socialize the
plan.
• Interviews
o For the new green economy analysis, we sought to pair quantitative jobs data with
qualitative anecdotes from professionals working and leading in sectors that are already
green or have emerging opportunity. We hosted 13 stakeholder interviews via web calls
to understand their unique perspective and learn more about Miami's green economy
potential.
Prior to public engagement, the Division of Resilience and Sustainability staff convened a series of
meetings with internal City staff to discuss existing and planned climate actions, as well as feasibility and
edits for proposed actions. This feedback was used to inform the emissions forecast and the draft list of
actions.
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Throughout the plan development process, the City collaborated and aligned actions, where strategic,
with Miami -Dade County as they developed their Climate Action Strategy at the same time as the City.
GHG Plan Organization
The GHG Plan is organized into the following four chapters and three technical appendices.
• Chapter 1— Introduction provides an overview of the purpose and context of the GHG Plan,
describes Miami's new economy, and summarizes how community members were involved in Plan
development.
• Chapter 2 — Greenhouse Gas Emissions Context and Targets describes technical aspects of Plan
development, including the city's 2018 GHG inventory, future year emissions forecasts, and GHG
reduction targets.
• Chapter 3 — Miami's GHG Actions presents the Plan's goals and actions needed to meet the interim
2035 target and describes how the full list of Plan actions were prioritized to identify the top 20 for
immediate implementation.
• Chapter 4 — Monitoring Progress and Next Steps provides a framework for how the City will track
and report progress on the Plan's GHG targets and prioritized actions. In addition, there is a brief
description of what approaches the City can take to address any remaining emissions in 2050 to
demonstrate carbon neutrality.
• Appendix A — New Economy Report evaluates Miami's current new economy and identifies
strategies to grow the new economy and create inclusive economic opportunity for its residents and
workers while supporting the transition to a carbon -free future.
• Appendix B — Action Evaluation Results presents the full results of the action evaluation process
used to identify the Plan's prioritized actions.
• Appendix C — Implementation Roadmap includes implementation next steps, City leads, community
partners, time frame, and tracking metrics for the Plan's prioritized actions.
• Appendix D — GHG Calculators and Inputs explains how the City's emission reduction pathway was
developed using the C40 Pathways tool and presents a table of Plan goals with corresponding GHG
calculators, technology -based strategy inputs, and GHG reductions.
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Chapter 2: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Context
Miami's 2018 GHG Inventory
A base year inventory establishes a starting point against which GHG Plan progress can be measured.
Miami developed a 2018 base year inventory' that describes emissions resulting from different activities
in our community, like driving cars, powering our homes and businesses, and treating our wastewater.
This inventory follows global emissions accounting practices specifically designed to help cities
understand how much and from where emissions are created in their communities. In these inventories,
GHG emissions are typically reported as metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent or MT CO2e. This
metric helps to reflect the relative strength of different greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide,
methane, and nitrous oxide, in contributing to climate change. Miami followed the U.S. Community
Protocol developed by ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability when calculating the 2018 base year
inventory.' This protocol helps ensure that cities calculate their GHG contributions in a consistent and
transparent manner. Miami can also develop future inventories following the same protocol to support
an apples -to -apples comparison of emissions over time as one way to monitor overall GHG Plan
progress.
Following this process, Miami accounted for the total annual GHG emissions resulting from operating
our buildings and vehicles, providing potable water, and treating our wastewater. Citywide emissions
totaled approximately 3.3 million MT CO2e in 2018, and as shown in Figure 2.1 the majority came from
on -road transportation (e.g., cars and trucks), commercial building energy use (e.g., stores and offices),
and residential building energy use (e.g., homes and apartments). The remaining 2% of emissions came
from light rail operations, energy use in manufacturing, fugitive emissions from natural gas distribution',
and wastewater treatment plant activity.
To contextualize the emissions City of Miami generates every year (3.3 million MT CO2e) is equal to78:
• Taking 717,684 passenger vehicles off the road for one year.
• The carbon sequestered by 4,043,086 acres of US forests in one year; that forest would be 175x
the land area of the City of Miami.
• The carbon sequestered by 54,566,199 tree seedlings grown for 10 years; that's 114 trees per
resident of Miami.
• The land area and height of two City of Miamis and one Miami Beach covered in 2 story
buildings i.e., 86.3 sq miles at 27 feet high.
4 https://www.miamigov.com/files/sharedassets/public/ghg-inventory-2018-full-report.pdf
5 Miami originally calculated its 2018 base year inventory using the U.S. Community Protocol. After review with
C40, the City updated its inventory to align with the Global Protocol for Community -scale Greenhouse Gas
Emission Inventories (GPC). This revision altered the total emissions value from the City's original GHG Inventory
document and the value presented in table 2.1 is the final baseline value for Plan purposes.
6 Fugitive emissions in the City's inventory are attributed to leaks within the natural gas transmission and
distribution system. Methane is the largest component of natural gas and is a potent greenhouse gas — 28 times
more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere over a 100-year timeframe.
7 https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator
8 https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-much-ton-carbon-dioxide
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Figure 2.1— Miami's 2018 Base Year Inventory
20% ' il1111■,.
Residential
Energy
Commercial
Energy
35% _.
• On -Road Transportation
• Residential Energy
• Fugitive Emissions
• Railways
On -Road
Transportation
4
Commercial Energy
• Manufacturing/Construction Energy
• Non -Specified Energy Sources
• Wastewater
Table 2.1 shows the GHG inventory results organized into sectors and sub -sectors, as well as by fuel type
to provide additional detail about our emissions. This information also helps identify areas for GHG
reductions and specific GHG Plan actions that can reduce these emissions. This inventory accounts for all
greenhouse gas emissions in the calendar year 2018 induced by City of Miami residents and businesses.'
In the City of Miami, community -generated solid waste is sent to a waste -to -energy facility that
incinerates waste to produce energy to power itself and for the regional electric grid. Therefore, these
emissions are categorized as stationary energy emissions in our inventory and reported as emissions
from "energy sent to the grid." These emissions are documented but not counted in our total as they
are counted when the electricity created is used in other communities' building energy sectors and
addressed through their GHG Plan actions. The City has limited jurisdiction on the waste sector, but
recognizes that waste management has climate and environmental impact and has developed actions to
address waste.
PortMiami is not part of the City's jurisdiction. PortMiami is accounted for in the Miami -Dade County Climate
Action Strategy.
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Table 2.1 — Miami's 2018 GHG Inventory
Emissions
Sector
Emissions Subsector
Fuel Type
Emissions (MT
CO2e)
% Total
Emissions
Buildings
Residential
Electricity
643,287
20%
Natural Gas
19,937
Commercial
Electricity
1,019,935
35%
Natural Gas
125,488
Industrial
Electricity
19,635
<1%
Natural Gas
4,128
Fugitive Emissions
Natural Gas Leaks
4,882
<1%
Transportation
Passenger Vehicles
Gasoline
1,045,928
43%
Diesel
20,768
Freight Vehicles
Diesel
339,065
Trolley System
Diesel
3,822
<1%
Metrorail and Metromover
Electricity
17,051
Wastewater
Wastewater Treatment -
Process
NA
12,386
<1%
Wastewater Treatment
Energy
Electricity
10,080
Natural Gas
28
Septic Treatment
NA
2,035
Water
Potable Water Supply
Electricity
7,254
<1%
Natural Gas
10
Total
3,295,718*
100%
*Emissions from solid waste were included in the 2018 GHG Inventory but have been removed, in compliance
with GPC guidance, as the primary method of solid waste disposal is waste -to -energy and these emissions are
thus accounted for in other categories. See Appendix D for more information.
Emissions Forecasts
Estimating future GHG emissions can help us understand how emissions could change over time if no
further action is taken, set realistic GHG reduction targets, and focus plan action development on the
highest priority emissions sectors. Miami forecasted emissions from the 2018 base year through the
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2050 carbon neutrality target year to estimate the total amount of reductions needed to achieve this
target.
Each emissions source was projected using growth indicators that could serve as a proxy for how
emissions might grow in the community. For example, Miami's resident population growth was used as
a proxy for how residential energy emissions would grow. In this Plan, the indicators selected were
primarily based on local population and employment projections developed by the City of Miami
Planning Department. The Plan also used travel demand projections developed by Miami -Dade County
to estimate how on -road transportation emissions could change over time. Table 2.2 lists the emissions
sources and corresponding growth indicators used in the Plan.
Table 2.2 — Emissions Forecast Growth Indicators
Emissions Source
Growth Indicator
Source
Residential Energy
Population
Miami Planning Department
Commercial Energy
Employment
Miami Planning Department
Manufacturing Industries
Employment
Miami Planning Department
Fugitive Emissions
Natural Gas Growth
Natural Gas growth rates (based on three
sources above)
On -Road Transportation
Vehicle Miles Traveled
Miami -Dade County SERPM Travel Model
Railways
Vehicle Miles Traveled
Miami -Dade County SERPM Travel Model
Wastewater
Population + Employment
Miami Planning Department
These forecasts represent a "business -as -usual" scenario that shows how emissions will grow over time
in the absence of any new City climate policies or action from external stakeholders. Figure 2.2 shows
that without any additional action, Miami's emissions will increase by an estimated 38% from 2018 to
2050. This means that to achieve the City's 2050 carbon neutrality target, we need to reduce all
emissions in our 2018 base year as well as address all new emissions growth.
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5000,000
4,500,000 -
4,000,0 ..
3,500,000 -
3,000,000
2,800,000
Figure 2.2 — Greenhouse Gas Emission Forecasts — 2018-2050
2.000,000
1,500,000
1.000.000 --
500,000
0
3,298,718
3,072.787
4,154.885
Waste • Transion rtation Buildings
4,552,875
Emissions forecasting is an imprecise science and many variables can influence how our emissions will
change over time. However, it is still a useful analysis to frame one potential future emissions scenario
that reflects how we think Miami's population and economy will grow. Future GHG Plan updates will
revise these forecasts based on newer information to ensure we are continually planning our climate
actions in response to a changing emissions profile.
Defining Carbon Neutral and Miami's GHG Targets
C40's member cities have committed to supporting the global goals of the Paris Climate Agreement,
which stipulates that global average temperature rise should be kept to well below 2°C above
preindustrial levels, and ideally be limited to 1.5°C. To help limit warming to this 1.5°C scenario, the
world will need to collectively achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and cut emissions in
half by 2030. Net zero emissions means that GHG emissions have been reduced as much as possible and
any remaining emissions are completely cancelled out through offsetting or removed through carbon
dioxide removal (CDR) or emissions removal measures. Purchase of offsets (or carbon credits) is a
secondary and last resort measure as all efforts should be taken to eliminate sources of emissions.
Staying within the 1.5°C limit is technically possible, if global emissions are halved by 2030, but will
require rapid behavioral and technological transformation at all levels — countries, cities, private sector,
and individuals.
Miami has set a long-term target of net zero emissions by 2050 in accordance with the Paris Climate
Agreement. The City often uses the term carbon neutral to describe this goal as well. While definitions
vary, the City uses "carbon neutral" interchangeably with "net zero greenhouse gas emissions" to
indicate maximum reduction of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions plus balancing any
remaining emissions the city cannot reduce directly with carbon sequestration or offset actions.
The GHG Plan also establishes an ambitious nearer -term or "interim" 2035 target of 60% emissions
reduction below 2018 levels. The interim target was defined with input from City department staff and
the C40 Cities climate action planning team based on an analysis of the city's emissions forecasts and
GHG reduction opportunities. The target was also informed by research defining what is needed globally
to support the Paris Climate Agreement goals.
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Figure 2.3 shows the city's GHG forecasts (top line) and GHG targets (bottom line); the gap between the
two lines represents the amount of GHG reductions needed to achieve the targets. For further
information on how the interim target was established, see Appendix D.
tonnes Cole/ye
5,000,000
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
Figure 2.3 — Miami's GHG Forecasts and Targets
Emissions trajectories from 2018 to 2050
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Legend: - Baseline Forecast
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Chapter 3: Miami's GHG Actions
Achieving the 2035 Target
During GHG Plan development, the City evaluated several GHG target achievement options to better
understand the opportunities for action within the City's direct control and identify the necessary
contributions from outside agencies. The result of this analysis showed that most of Miami's emissions
fall outside the direct control of the City. For example, the City of Miami has limited or no control over
roadway design, regional transit system improvements, energy procurement within the electric grid, and
building code requirements. However, Miami is committed to aggressive emissions reductions in areas
where we do have jurisdiction and to coalition building and advocacy for aggressive actions by other
entities where needed, in order to achieve our GHG targets.
Using C40's GHG scenario planning tool (Pathways), Miami developed the GHG reduction pathway
shown in Figure 3.1. This figure illustrates the City's GHG forecasts (top line), GHG targets (bottom line),
and reduction strategies selected to achieve the 2035 target and move toward carbon neutrality by
2050. The colored wedges represent different sectors of GHG action and align with the Plan's GREEN
goals. The gap in emissions reductions that begins in 2035 (area with no color) will be addressed in
future updates of this GHG Plan.
tonnes/COpe/year
5,000,000
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000.000
2,500,000
2,000.000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
Figure 3.1— GHG Reduction Pathway
I
I
".
feductilon
I
I
I
I
l I
.21
r N
0 0 0
N N N
N N N P1
0 0 0 0
N N N N
Electricity Generation
N N N N N
PN7 (�9 (09 CAS C~'S P1
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
P1 P7 C0
Building Energy - Efficiency
Building Energy Fuel switch
0 0 0 0
NNNN
Transportation
Transportation - Fuel
a I e 4 a 8
N N 00
N N
Carbon
Neutrality
Remaining Emissions
Baseline Forecast
—•— Target Trajectory
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Within the Plan's GREEN goal framework, four quantified objectives and five qualitative objectives')
were also defined in relation to the 2035 GHG target. The objectives and their representation within
Figure 3.1 are defined below.
• G — Getting Around Miami
o Objective: 15% less private vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels by 2035 (magenta
wedge)
• R — Renewable Energy
o Objective: 100% carbon free electricity by 2035 (orange wedge)
o Objective: 35% reduction in on -site natural gas emissions compared to 2018 levels by
2035 (light blue wedges)
• E — Electric Vehicles
o Objective: 40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035* (pink wedge)
• E — Energy Efficiency
o Objective: Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy consumption
and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy (dark blue wedge)
• N — New Economy
o Objective: Grow the Green Economy Ecosystem
o Objective: Recruit and Retain Green Workforce
o Objective: Open Occupational Pathways
o Objective: Welcome and Support Green Industry
*Using County data as proxy for City until better data sources are available.
Miami's GHG pathway reflects existing and planned actions as well as aggressive but feasible new
actions by the City, county, state, and federal entities. More information about how we will be tracking
progress on our goals can be found in Chapter 4.
Action Selection and Prioritization Process
Miami's GHG Plan actions were assessed using the C40 Cities Action Selection and Prioritization (ASAP)
tool —a software tool that documents actions and provides outputs to support the climate action
decision -making process through a comparison of action benefits and challenges. ASAP helps users
assess the impact of actions based on multiple evaluation criteria, including primary benefits (e.g., GHG
emissions reduction), co -benefits (e.g., public health and employment) and feasibility (e.g., costs).
Miami used ASAP to evaluate individual actions' relative emissions reduction potential and their impact
on nine co -benefit and feasibility criteria. The GHG reduction scores were based on local city data,
relevant studies, and results from similar action implementation to evaluate their emissions reduction
potential. The co -benefit and feasibility evaluation criteria were developed to align with community and
City priorities (see Table 3.1 for a list of criteria and definitions).
'The Energy Efficiency sub -goal will be quantified once more information is gathered via the BE305 program.
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Table 3.1—Action Evaluation Criteria and Definitions
Evaluation Criteria
Definition
Primary
Benefits
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Reduction
An estimation of the relative greenhouse gas emissions
reduction potential.
Co -Benefits
Public Health
Improve public health through reduced incidents of
diseases and/or death attributed to improved indoor and
outdoor air quality, protection from extreme heat, active
transport, water quality, access to nutrients, etc.
Greenspace and Green
Infrastructure
Increase greenspace or green infrastructure conservation,
creation, or regeneration.
NOTE: Greenspace is a principle considered across all
actions, but no specific greenspace actions are included in
this plan. For greenspace and tree canopy initiatives, see
Miami Forever Climate Ready adaptation strategy.
Employment
Increase employment rate and/or total number of jobs.
Cost of Living
Reduce daily expenses and provide savings (e.g., utility
costs, travel costs, etc.) to residents.
Climate Justice
Actively address an existing inequity and/or one that
would be created via action implementation in climate
justice communities.
NOTE: For actions that scored negatively, City should work
with community climate advocates and related groups to
develop zero harm criteria for implementation.
Feasibility
Criteria
Additional City Costs
Beyond any funding that is currently secured or identified,
how much additional capital would be required to
implement, operationalize, and maintain the action?
Additional Private Costs
Beyond any costs that would otherwise already be
incurred, how much additional private capital would be
required for businesses or building owners to implement,
operationalize, and maintain the action?
Complexity for the City
to Implement
Does the City have the authority to implement this action?
Does this action require a policy change and involve
multiple departments? How much time and what is the
logistical difficulty of completing this action? Are external
resources needed?
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Political Acceptability
Is this action politically popular or would it be politically
challenging to implement (e.g., public opinion, stakeholder
support or pushback, the number and power of
stakeholders)?
The results of the ASAP evaluation were then used to prioritize 20 actions which will help the City:
• Highlight actions that would benefit from deeper analysis in the implementation roadmap
• Sequence first actions that are foundational to our success
• Elevate actions the City must move on in the next 3 years
• Identify action leads, partner departments, and external entities
• Create a short-term workplan
The prioritized actions are highlighted in green in each of the Goal sections. Seven building energy
efficiency actions and five electric vehicle actions were prioritized due to their high level of direct GHG
impact, city authority to implement, and co -benefits to residents. The remaining actions address carbon -
free energy (two actions), mobility (three actions), and additional enabling actions (three actions). Fewer
actions were prioritized in these categories because they do not result in large direct GHG reduction
impacts or are promoting actions that fall primarily outside of the City's direct control, like advocacy for
transportation infrastructure improvements. Complete results from the ASAP evaluation process for all
Plan actions can be found in Appendix B.
The list below presents a summary of the 20 prioritized actions that will be further developed in the
implementation roadmap. Appendix C provides an implementation roadmap for these prioritized
actions including key milestones and metrics.
G-1: Reduce emissions for City employee commute.
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -Dade County and local advocacy groups to increase utilization of biking as
a transit method by implementing the Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the number of protected,
green bikeways. $$
G-3: Expand micromobility options throughout the entire city including Citibikes, scooters, and electric
bikes. $$
R-1: Starting in 2024, require all new buildings to be solar -ready and storage -ready.
R-4: Provide additional policy and financial incentives to encourage private solar installations and
identify incentives that would appeal to owners of affordable housing. $$
EV-1: Develop EV Master Plan to support the growth of electric vehicle ownership.
EV-2: Develop technical guidance for building owners/managers to facilitate in EV charging
infrastructure installations in existing buildings.
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EV-3: Partner with major employers and multifamily building owners to install EV chargers in parking
lots/garages. $$
EV-4: Build on EV Capability Ordinance to require EV charger installations in new developments
starting in 2025. $$
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public vehicle fleet, including trolleys by 2035.
E-1: Implement Building Efficiency 305 (BE305) program requiring energy benchmarking and disclosure
for commercial, multi -family residential, and City of Miami municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft. $$
E-2: Improve public benefits and green buildings tracking to increase program participation and
impact.
E-3: Require all new public buildings to be built to zero net energy standards starting in 2025.
E-4: Adopt a residential, single-family home energy rating and disclosure ordinance. $$
E-5: Adopt building performance standard for commercial, multi -family residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft. $$
E-6: Establish residential, single-family home energy conservation requirements. $$
E-9: Make all non -emergency energy use in existing public buildings carbon -free by 2035. Explore and
adopt as much carbon -free emergency energy generation and storage as possible.
A-1: Improve city data on waste streams and disposal. Establish a per capita waste goal.
A-2: Train City employees on emerging resilient and sustainable buildings initiatives and technologies
including solar PVs, energy storage, EV charging, energy efficiency, electrification, and climate
adaptation policies.
A-11: Develop a financial and technical assistance program that helps residents, particularly low-
income, to pursue climate action. $$
GHG Plan Goals and Actions
The following pages introduce the GHG Plan's 55 actions, organized within the overarching goals. Of
these 55 actions, 33 address GHG mitigation, 9 address the new green economy, and 13 are additional
enabling actions. As the energy, buildings, and transportation sectors produce 98% of the city's total
emissions, Miami has focused its current efforts on actions in these sectors since they will have the
largest immediate impact. The additional enabling actions apply across each of the goal areas and
include advocacy actions that identify initial ways the City can try to influence the policy framework for
emissions sources outside its direct control.
Many of the actions in this plan will be initiated by the Division of Resilience and Sustainability (DRS, a
division of the Department of Resilience and Public Works), but progress will be implemented in
collaboration with relevant City departments and external stakeholders. As many of these actions are
new ideas, DRS will help facilitate research, stakeholder engagement, and planning before actions are
enacted.
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Key:
• Implementation Phases:
o 1 = significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
o 2 = significant progress in 4-6 years (by end of 2026)
o 3 = significant progress in 7 or more years (2027 and beyond)
• Actions that are bolded and highlighted in green are the City's prioritized actions.
• Actions that have been noted with "$$" have green economy opportunities.
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In 2018, approximately 85% of total passenger trips in Miami were taken in private gas and diesel
vehicles. These passenger trips alone generate 32% of total city-wide emissions. The first step to
reducing transportation emissions is to reduce the number of miles traveled in private cars by
facilitating a transition to other modes of transportation, like Metrorail, Metrobus, trolley, walking,
rolling, or biking. To facilitate this shift, we must utilize land use and transportation planning to integrate
jobs, housing, and other daily uses with an efficient transit and active transportation (e.g., walking,
biking, e-scooters) network. To achieve the stated GHG reductions for this goal, Miami has established a
objective for a 15% reduction from 2018 levels of private vehicle trips to other forms of transportation
by 2035. This goal is in alignment and will work in concert with the Miami -Dade County Climate Action
Strategy goal for a 10% shift away from single occupant vehicles by 2030.
Travel mode shifting can reduce the total number of vehicle miles traveled in the city and the total
emissions generated per mile traveled, while simultaneously reducing traffic congestion and providing
public health benefits from reduced local pollution and increased exercise. Meeting this goal requires
City action to promote transit and active transportation, County and Transportation Planning
Organization (TPO) action to implement the SMART Plan, and resident action to voluntarily switch to
lower -emissions transportation options as part of their daily lives. Travel mode switching can also
reduce the total number of private vehicles to be electrified in Goal 3 Electric Vehicles.
Objective: 15% less private vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels by2035
City Authority:
• The City manages the Miami trolley system (Dept of Resilience and Public Works), owns many of
the City's lower capacity local roads, and has local land use planning authority, via Miami21
Zoning Code and the Miami Comprehensive Neighborhood Plan (MCNP) (Planning Dept), to
define the type, location, and mix of different land uses. However, Miami -Dade County owns
and manages the major public transportation system, including Metrorail and Metrobus. In
addition, the State of Florida and Miami -Dade County have authority over many of the major
arterial streets in the City. Parking is overseen by the quasi-judicial entity Miami Parking
Authority.
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
G-1: Reduce emissions for
City employee commute.
COVID-19 demonstrated that working
remotely is possible and effective for City
employees and some local businesses. The
City should continue to permit employees
to work from home and monitor
participation. Additional measures to
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
consider would be improving public transit
benefits and implementing a parking fee.
G-2: Collaborate with
Miami -Dade County and
local advocacy groups to
increase utilization of
biking as a transit method
by implementing the
Bicycle Master Plan and
expanding the number of
protected, green
bikeways. $$
As the County controls most public
streets, collaboration is necessary for
Miami to implement its Bicycle Master
Plan. This action includes greening the
bicycle network and installing shade,
water fountains, and bike repair
infrastructure along bike paths to improve
rider comfort and safety.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
MFCR
Goal 4 Phase 2: Update
and implement bicycle
master plan to improve
safety and connectivity of
bicycle routes.
G-3: Expand micromobility
options throughout the
entire city including
Citibikes, scooters, and
electric bikes. $$
Currently, most micromobility options are
concentrated in District 2 and safety
concerns will need to be addressed prior
to expanding. This action can aid residents
without cars and considers free service for
specific users.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
ACTION 14: Drive Into the
Future
G-4: Develop a Trolley
Master Plan including a
long-term vision for the
program and route
updates. $$
This work is currently in progress and aims
to ensure the trolley program is
sustainable long-term, connects with
other multimodal options and key
locations, is aligned with the Better Bus
County bus rerouting, and maintains high
quality service across the City.
Resilient305
ACTION 13: Design a
Better Bus Network
MFCR
Goal 4: Implement new
trolley route
recommendations from
the Better Bus Project to
better coordinate trolley
system with other public
transit options. Improve
ease of use of trolley
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
system by updating user
interface of trolley app.
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
G-5: Build upon existing
transit -oriented
development policies in
Miami21 to increase
residential density, access
to goods and services, and
decrease single -occupancy
vehicle use focusing on
areas surrounding
Metrorail stations.
Transit -oriented development (TOD) is a
type of urban development that centers
communities around public transit.
Miami's existing TOD policies could be
enhanced to include increased
inclusionary zoning and mixed -use zoning
near Metrorail stations, increased density
within a certain distance of a Metrorail
station, free commuter parking lots
outside the downtown area with shuttle
service into the city, increased
investments in green space and parks near
Metrorail stations, etc.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
G-6: Establish parking
disincentives, such as
parking maximums and
dynamic parking prices, to
discourage the use of
single occupancy gas
vehicles.
Expansion of parking maximums through
TODs and Parking Management Districts
will discourage the use of vehicles in
downtown areas. Dynamic parking prices
can maximize revenue (potentially to fund
other GHG Plan actions) and can
encourage mode switching in areas close
to transit.
G-7: Adopt transportation
demand management
ordinance to require
certain employers and
developers to establish
plans to reduce single-
occupant vehicle use and
Transportation demand management
(TDM) includes strategies for reducing
demand for road capacity primarily during
peak periods (e.g., incentives for transit,
carpooling, and telework). The current
Miami TDM suggested measures could
become a requirement. Additionally, a
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PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
traffic during peak hours
among employees and
residents.
zoning ordinance could require any
project receiving a parking discount to
adopt TDM measures.
G-8: Work with partner
entities to create bus lanes
in strategic, key corridors.
$$
Adding bus -only lanes to busy corridors
will motivate residents to use transit to
reduce commuting time. The City of Miami
does not own the arterial streets that are
ideal candidates for bus lanes but does
have influence as these street run through
City boundaries.
Resilient305
ACTION 13: Design a
Better Bus Network
G-9: Work with Miami-
Dade County and local
advocacy groups to
increase utilization of
public transit through
investments in safety,
improving public transit
literacy, and campaigns.
The City will support and enhance
outreach campaigns for the public transit
system through actions such as investing
in safety measures and improving public
transit literacy.
Resilient305
ACTION 13: Design a
Better Bus Network
G-10: Improve pedestrian
experience and safety
through investments in
sidewalks such as ADA
compliance measures and
increasing number of
crosswalks, especially in
low -medium income areas.
$$
Increasing quality pedestrian
infrastructure will encourage residents
and visitors to walk to their destinations.
Strategies include increasing the amount
of shaded walkways and greening right -of -
ways as well as completing the Baywalk
and Riverwalk.
Better Bus Network
Two out of three transit riders in Miami use buses for their commute. Redesigning the bus network is
an opportunity to immediately improve transit service for the largest number of people. That's why,
over a two-year period, Transit Alliance Miami developed a redesigned bus network for Miami -Dade
County based on community input and a data -driven process. The Board of County Commissioners
unanimously approved the proposed Better Bus Network in October 2021; this new network is
expected to launch mid-2022. As a next step, Transit Alliance is supporting pilot dedicated bus lanes
to determine how to make them faster, more reliable, and more competitive against car travel.
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Goal 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY
Electricity in Miami is used to cool and heat buildings, provide lighting, heat water, and power
appliances among other activities. Florida Power and Light (FPL) is the primary electricity provider in
Miami, while some residents and businesses also generate their own electricity through on -site
renewables like solar power. In 2018, 24.5% of FPL's electricity was generated from carbon -free fuel
sources: 1.5% renewables and 23% nuclear. As carbon -based sources currently make up the majority of
the electric grid's fuel mix that powers Miami's high electricity consumption, electricity use was
responsible for more than half (52%) of the city's total GHG emissions in 2018. To reduce these
emissions and ensure that transportation and building electrification programs reach their maximum
potential, Miami's electricity sources must be 100% carbon -free by 2035. This goal is in alignment with
the Biden administration's stated goals and will work in concert with the Miami -Dade County Climate
Action Strategy approach to expand on -site and off -site renewable energy generation.
FPL projects that its electric grid mix will be 37% carbon -free (17% from renewables) by 2029. To provide
100% carbon -free electricity to residents and businesses, Miami needs to drastically increase the
amount of local renewable energy development, encourage a higher carbon -free electric mix from FPL,
and promote solar -friendly policies at the state level. The City will also monitor climate action from the
Biden administration, including its goal to achieve 100% carbon -free electricity in the national power
sector by 2035. The achievement of this goal is an underlying assumption of this report and the City's
carbon neutrality pathway; therefore, national leadership is essential for the City to reach its goal. This
assumption helped to highlight the remaining reductions that are needed from City and regional actions
after this sector is fully addressed. On -site photovoltaics, energy storage, and solar thermal hot water
can not only assist the clean energy transition but also save constituents money and create greater
energy resilience.
New Green Economy
Today, the renewable energy industry in Miami provides over 400 jobs, which is less than 30% of the
total jobs in Miami's energy sector. However, renewable energy jobs have grown by 16% in the past
decade, showing that there is consistent local growth in this industry.11This growth is driven by
purchases from Miami's traditional industry sectors (e.g., government, healthcare, tourism). In 2019,
traditional industries spent nearly $600 million on renewable energy in Miami. The actions listed
below both support GHG reductions and increase demand for renewable energy, which will increase
demand for renewable energy jobs.
In Miami, natural gas is primarily used in buildings for water heating, space heating, and cooking.
Though only 5% of total emissions in 2018 came from natural gas use in buildings, the building sector is
one area where the City has relatively high regulatory control and all emissions sources will need to be
addressed to achieve Miami's carbon neutrality goal. By increasing building efficiency, electrifying
building systems or powering with zero -carbon energy sources and ensuring that the electric grid is
100% carbon -free, Miami can achieve net zero building sector emissions.
11 AECOM analysis, Emsi 2019 industry data.
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The number of buildings in Miami — homes, offices, stores — is also projected to increase to meet
demands of the growing population and workforce. The longer this new construction is permitted to
install mixed -fuel systems (e.g., natural gas and electric appliances/equipment), the more building
retrofits will be required in the future to achieve the carbon neutrality target. Therefore, it is in the
City's best interest to minimize the development of new natural gas pipelines and connections to avoid
these future emission sources altogether.
Objective: 100% carbon -free electricity by 2035
City Authority:
• The City of Miami cannot directly control the utility fuel mix but does have control over our own
buildings and parcels (GSA and DREAM), as well as the zoning code and building permits that can
influence building requirements to an extent (Planning Dept). We can leverage this influence to
expand solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems and grow municipal on -site solar and
storage capacity.
Objective: 35% reduction in on site natural gas emissions compared to 2018 levels by2035
City Authority:
• In 2021 the state of Florida passed legislation that limits local governments' ability to enact or
enforce any policies that restrict or prohibit the types or fuel sources of energy production.12
Though the City cannot require our residents to replace their existing natural gas systems, we
can encourage and incentivize upgrading to electric appliances, use of carbon -free energy
sources, and the construction of net zero buildings. Meeting this objective will depend heavily
on voluntary action by residents and buildings owners but can be further encouraged with City -
provided incentives. This objective also includes a target of 5% net zero emissions new
construction by 2035. Via Miami21 and the permit process (Planning and Building Dept), the City
can regulate new construction. In addition, the City holds its own franchise agreements with
natural gas providers.
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
R-1: Starting in 2024, require
all new buildings to be solar-
ready and storage -ready.
This requirement would also apply to
existing buildings at the time of substantial
retrofit. In the future, the policy could be
expanded to require new buildings to
install solar. Installing a storage -ready solar
Resilient305
ACTION 16: Expand
Renewable Energy
12 SB 1128/HB 919, https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/919/BillText/er/PDF
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
system will reduce future battery
installation costs.
R-2: Join FPL SolarTogether
program to purchase City's
building electricity from
solar.
To support utility -level solar and address
emissions from City buildings, the City can
purchase its electricity from installed solar
from FPL. The program will open to cities
for enrollment in 2022-2024.
R-3: Promote community
participation in FPL
SolarTogether program,
especially among renters, to
purchase 100% of their
electricity from solar.
SolarTogether is a community solar
program that allows customers to
voluntarily pay a monthly premium for
solar electricity and later receive credits for
savings produced by the program. The
program increases access to solar for those
who cannot directly install it.
Resilient305
ACTION 16: Expand
Renewable Energy
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Resilient305 / Miami
Actions
Action Details
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
R-4: Provide additional
Solar incentives are necessary to
Resilient305
policy and financial
encourage residents and businesses to
incentives to encourage
voluntarily install solar. The City will need
ACTION 16: Expand
private solar installations
to engage the development community to
Renewable Energy
and identify incentives that
understand new areas of opportunity in the
would appeal to owners of
Zoning code as the City already has solar -
affordable housing. $$
friendly permitting. In addition, the City
can promote existing financing pathways
including Property Assessed Clean Energy
(PACE), Solar and Energy Loan Fund (SELF),
and Solar United Neighbors (SUN) Co-op.
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PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
R-5: Install solar and storage
in public buildings or parking
structures where feasible,
prioritizing critical facilities.
Resilience Hubs can be used as solar pilot
locations to showcase solar and storage
systems within a facility designated
to provide critical services during power
outages. First step will be feasibility
assessments for selected facilities.
Resilient305
ACTION 16: Expand
Renewable Energy
ACTION 38: Support
Resilience Hubs
ACTION 57: Leverage
the Power of
Purchasing
R-6: Partner with community
organizations such as local
non -profits, trade
organizations, and electric
and gas utilities, to develop a
building electrification
education program to
provide information and
technical assistance. $$
As building carbon -free may be a new
concept to property owners and
contractors, a comprehensive program is
needed to guide citywide carbon -free
building projects. This program may include
a PSA campaign on the benefits of carbon -
free energy and resources to provide
information about relative benefits of
carbon -free energy choices. Resources will
be split between new construction and
renovation projects.
FPL SolarTogether
In 2019, Florida Power and Light (FPL) announced their 30-by-30 plan to install more than 30 million
solar panels by 2030. By 2030, FPL projects that 40% of their fuel mix will be carbon -free with solar
accounting for 16%.13 To help meet their goal, FPL launched the SolarTogether program wherein
customers can subscribe and meet up to 100% of their energy usage from solar generated at FPL's
current and future Solar Energy Centers — one of which is located in Miami -Dade County. Both utility -
grade solar and rooftop solar thermal and photovoltaics are essential to reaching carbon neutrality.
Building Decarbonization
The building sector makes up 55% of City of Miami's greenhouse gas emissions. To decarbonize the
building sector and get to zero greenhouse gas emissions, cities must electrify appliances, end use of
fossil fuels on -site, and increase energy efficiency. Despite projected growth in population, square
footage, and energy use, continued efficiency improvements, are projected to largely avoid emissions
growth in the commercial sector and drive modest emissions reductions in the residential sector,
13 https://source.fpl.com/company/pdf/10-year-site-plan1.pdf
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through 2050.14 The remaining emissions can be mitigated through electric appliances that are
powered by carbon -free energy.
14 Decarbonizing U.S. Buildings I Center for Climate and Energy Solutions:
https://www.c2es.org/document/decarbonizing-u-s-buildings/
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Goal3: ELECTRIC VEHILLbs
Most of Miami's private vehicle trips are from gas and diesel vehicles. Understanding that not everyone
can use public transit or active transportation options, these vehicles must be electrified and powered
with 100% carbon -free energy if we are to meet our carbon neutrality goal. Miami has set a objective of
electrifying 40% of registered passenger vehicles compared to 2018 levels by 2035, which works in
tandem with Goal 2: Renewable Energy as the greenhouse gas reduction potential of EVs is dependent
on the fuel source for the electricity used to charge vehicles. This goal is in alignment and will work in
concert with the Miami -Dade County Climate Action Strategy goals to electrify the County fleet and shift
30% of community vehicles to electric by 2030.
Objective: 40% of registered passenger vehic/es are electric by 2035*
* Using County data as proxy for City until better data sources are available
City Authority:
• The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) comes down to consumer choice, but the City can help
create a hospitable market and ecosystem that makes buying and owning an EV easier and more
attractive. Miami Parking Authority is a quasi -jurisdictional entity of the City of Miami and is
therefore a reliable partner in the expansion of EV chargers in public parking. Miami21 can set
requirements for new construction but existing parking, especially privately owned, is more
challenging. Lastly, the City has full control over its own fleet (GSA), which includes the trolley
system (RPW), but does not own or operate the Metrobus system or public school buses.
New Green Economy
Critical to accelerating EV adoption will be the availability charging station infrastructure, electricians
to support charging station infrastructure, and technicians to support EV maintenance. With more EVs
scheduled to arrive in the market within the next year and car companies transitioning to all -electric
vehicle stocks, demand for EV mechanics is already expected to grow in the coming years, and the
actions presented below will further catalyze this demand. Mechanics, particularly bus and truck
mechanics, make well above the living wage ($24 per hour compared to the living wage of $18 per
hour), so increased demand for these jobs will create important opportunities for Miami's workforce.
While Miami -Dade College already offers an EV mechanic training program, additional training
programs could be offered, along with targeted marketing and recruitment strategies. Likewise,
increasing awareness of the opportunities and benefits of the electrical trade, and specifically the EV
charging station certification, including the trade's wage and growth benefits, will ensure that Miami
has a workforce that is able to support widespread EV adoption.
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
EV-1: Develop EV Master Plan
to support the growth of
electric vehicle ownership.
A Master Plan would help the City
anticipate and support the growing
electric vehicle market. Through this
process, the City would develop
private sector partners, policies,
metrics, and an expanded charger
network map. Overall, this plan should
help the City understand what
supporting infrastructure is needed
and where.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-2: Develop technical
guidance for building
owners/managers to
facilitate in EV charging
infrastructure installations in
existing buildings.
Technical barriers to installing EV
chargers can be overcome with the
proper guidance and troubleshooting
related to common building
types/challenges in Miami. Additional
guidance will be provided to help
private fleets transition to EVs.
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-3: Partner with major
employers and multifamily
building owners to install EV
chargers in parking
lots/garages. $$
Key employers include hospitals,
banks, universities, and more. The City
can provide free and/or expedited
permitting.
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
ACTION 57: Leverage the
Power of Purchasing
EV-4: Build on EV Capability
Ordinance to require EV
charger installations in new
developments starting in
2025. $$
The current EV Capability Ordinance
requires new construction over a
certain size to install EV-ready spaces
for 20% of new off-street parking.
Miami could expand upon this
ordinance to require the installation of
EV chargers.
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-5: Partner with existing
electric vehicle non -profits to
promotepublic awareness of
the benefits and real costs of
EV purchasing and ownership,
especially addressing low -
This campaign includes promoting
awareness on the typical cost of EV
chargers, cost of charging,chargingACTION
g
locations, life -cycle comparisons,
Resilient305
15: It's Electric
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
income drivers and their
concerns.
incentives, approved vendors,
dealerships, and test drive events.
PHASE 3 (7+ YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public
vehicle fleet, including
trolleys by 2035.
The City will work with the
Electrification Coalition and other
technical support teams to develop an
EV transition plan. The City will
develop information on lessons
learned through this process to share
with private fleet managers.
Emergency response vehicles have
been excluded in the near -term, but
they will upgrade when feasible.
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
MFCR
Goal 1 Phase 2: Conduct a
fleet analysis to determine
best vehicles for future
electric vehicle (EV)
changeover.
Goal 4 Phase 2: Support
expansion of EVs by
installing EV charging
stations at City -owned
properties and changing
over fleet vehicles to EVs
when possible.
EV-7: Evaluate the potential to
implement a low emission
zone in the urban core.
A low emissions zone is a defined area
where access by some polluting
vehicles is limited. This would promote
the use of EVs, alternative fuel
vehicles, and active transportation
options in downtown areas.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-8: Evaluate implementing
an electric vehicle -sharing
program within
This action increases access and
familiarizes EVs in low-income
neighborhoods and areas of low car
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
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PHASE 3 (7+ YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
neighborhoods with low car
ownership.
ownership. Los Angeles and
Sacramento have similar equity -
focused EV carshare programs.
Coral Gables Electric Vehicle Fleet
Since 2016, the City of Coral Gables has added over 65 electric vehicles to its city fleet, making it one
of the largest government EV fleets in the state. This equates to over 12% of its City fleet being
electric, which ranks it near the top of EV fleets around the Country. As part of the City's 10-year
Sustainability Management Plan, Coral Gables continues to add to it EV fleet each fiscal year with a
established a goal of 78 EVs, which represents 60% of their administrative fleet. The City purchases
these EVs via a statewide procurement contract and has supported the fleet by installing dedicated
EV support equipment at its maintenance facility, City Hall parking lot, municipal parking garages, and
surface parking lots. The City has been able to fund this through its annual vehicle replacement
budget. To date, the City has installed over 34 charging points throughout the City, with a goal of
expanding to 52 charging points. Similar to City of Miami, the City updated its zoning code in 2019 to
require any new developments with 20 or more off-street spaces to require 2% of the parking spaces
for EV's with the associated charging stations; 3% be "EV Ready" with the infrastructure installed
except EV station and 15% be "EV Capable" with the conduit run with capacity in electrical panels. All
of these actions have enabled and inspired the community to start transitioning away from traditional
gasoline powered vehicles.
EV Car Sharing Programs
Cities across the country are launching electric vehicle (EV) car sharing programs as a way to socialize
EVs with residents, reduce tailpipe emissions, and provide a transportation option to those who do
not own a vehicle. Many of these programs have also included equity considerations and investments
like sliding -scale payments for low-income residents and installation of EV chargers in neighborhoods
that have more low-income residents and lower air quality due to transportation pollution. Notable
programs include Boston's Good2Go, Colorado Carshare, Los Angeles' partnership with BlueLA, and
the Twin Cities Electric Vehicle Mobility Network. St. Louis launched a program in summer 2020 called
St. Louis Vehicle Electrification Rides for Seniors (SILVERS) which granted electric vehicles to social
service agencies that serve low-income seniors to help them run errands.
Low Emission Zones
Low emission zones (LEZs) and clean air zones are at the center of many cities' efforts to tackle the
related problems of air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and traffic congestion. Zones are
powerful tools for enacting policies within a designated zone, rather than a whole city, which can
allow for cities to pilot innovative policies. In 2008, London began a Low Emission Zone program in
the urban core focused on diesel emitting vehicles. The program was enhanced to create a stricter
Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) in London's inner cordon in 2019 wherein only vehicles that meet
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
strict emissions standards (electric, hydrogen, and plug-in hybrids) are from the ULEZ charge. A 2019
impact evaluation of the ULEZ six month after it was launched indicated that 13,500 fewer polluting
cars were being driven into central London every day and there was a significant drop in harmful air
pollution.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Goal 4: ENERGY EFFICIL/vc r
56% of Miami's citywide emissions come from building energy use via electricity and on -site natural gas.
Increasing energy efficiency is the first and easiest step to reducing building emissions. This can be done
by replacing inefficient appliances, ensuring mechanical and electrical systems are properly maintained,
using intelligent monitoring and control systems, or simply changing occupant behaviors.
The buildings sector is one area where the City has relatively high regulatory control. Though increasing
building efficiency will depend heavily on voluntary action by residents and buildings owners, the City
can implement building transparency and performance standards that would require certain buildings to
demonstrate emissions reductions through energy efficiency projects or other retrofits. This goal is in
alignment and will work in concert with the Miami -Dade County Climate Action Strategy approaches to
benchmark, retune, and retrofit existing buildings and to build ultra -low energy buildings.
Objective: Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy consumption and
support achievement of Goa/2: Renewable Energy'
City Authority:
• The Florida Building Commission adopts and updates the Florida Building Code, which sets
minimum energy efficiency requirements in all new buildings and buildings undergoing major
renovations. The Miami Building Department enforces the Code and can also require higher
levels of compliance through the City's Zoning Code, Miami21.
New Green Economy
The green buildings sector, which includes energy efficiency contractors, electricians, and other
specialty contractors, accounts for 35% of Miami's green jobs. Today's green building sector is the
result of traditional industries investing in green buildings and retrofits. In 2019, traditional industries
spent over $2 billion in Miami's green buildings industry. The buildings sector also offers the
opportunity for the growth in green jobs: green building jobs are currently just 13% of all buildings
jobs, leaving 87% of jobs in this industry with the opportunity to become green. As implementation of
the GHG Plan takes off and demand for green buildings and retrofits grows, there will be
corresponding demand for specialty contractors. Miami's workforce will need to be prepared to fill
these green buildings jobs or otherwise risk losing them to people outside the region. It will be critical
for the City and economic development actors to market green jobs in the buildings industry,
particularly to young people, and to develop and expand training pathways tailored to these jobs.
New or expanded green workforce development opportunities will need to offer training to people
entering the workforce and to re-skilling those already within the buildings and construction industry.
Since these jobs tend to pay at or above the living wage, special attention should be given to
recruiting and training potential employees from historically underinvested and climate justice
communities.
15 The Energy Efficiency sub -goal will be quantified once more information is gathered via the 6E305 program.
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
E-1: Implement Building
Efficiency 305 (BE305)
program requiring
energy benchmarking
and disclosure for
commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of
Miami municipal
buildings over 20,000 sq.
ft. $$
Tracking and reporting energy
consumption is the first step to
understanding GHG reduction
opportunities in buildings. Larger buildings
produce a higher percentage of GHG
emissions, so they are targeted through
these actions. Implementation would
include the education and training of
building owners.
Resilient305
ACTION 17: Building
Efficiency 305
MFCR
Goal 4 Phase 1: Institute
Building Efficiency 305
Program
E-2: Improve public
benefits and green
buildings tracking to
increase program
participation and
impact.
Currently, there is a lack of centralized
information about LEED certified buildings,
cool roofs, installed rooftop solar and more
that can help the City understand how the
built environment is responding to climate
change. We need to understand the impact
and implementation of our current policies
if green building requirements are to
expand.
Resilient305
ACTION 17: Building
Efficiency 305
MFCR
Goal 5 Phase 1: Increase
enforcement of existing
requirement for buildings
over 50,000 sq. ft. to be
LEED certified or
equivalent.
Goal 5 Phase 1: Refine
application and review
process for Special Area
Plans (SAP) and
development on City -
owned property
E-3: Require all new
public buildings to be
built to zero net energy
Requiring all -electric, zero net energy new
public building construction would help
demonstrate the feasibility of net zero
Resilient305
ACTION 17: Building
Efficiency 305
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
standards starting in
2025.
construction in Miami and allow the City to
lead by example.
ACTION 21: Train for
Construction
M FCR
Goal 4 Phase 1: Refine
design criteria for ensuring
new capital projects are
designed and constructed
with triple bottom line
performance goals.
E-4: Adopt a residential,
single-family home
energy rating and
disclosure ordinance. $$
A home energy rating identifies
opportunities for energy improvement to
homeowners and sends market
signals about the benefits of building
efficiency. Low-income populations will
need financial assistance to improve their
ratings.
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Resilient305 / Miami
Actions
Action Details
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
E-5: Adopt building
Implementing an energy or emission
Resilient305
performance standard
performance standard is the next step
for commercial, multi-
after adopting a benchmarking and
ACTION 17: Building
family residential, and
reporting ordinance. Large building owners
Efficiency 305
City of Miami municipal
will be required to meet energy or GHG
ACTION 37: Prepare Your
buildings over 20,000 sq.
reduction targets over a set period.
Property
ft. $$
Compliance measures can include periodic
audits and retro-commissioning. Certain
performance requirements could also be
met at point of sale or lease. Fines can be
implemented for non -compliant buildings
that can be used to help fund retrofits,
audits, retro-commissioning, etc.
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PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
E-6: Establish residential,
single-family home
energy conservation
requirements. $$
Residential property owners would be
required to make energy conservation
improvements in their homes, potentially
at the point of property sale or
lease. Implementation could include a
prescriptive list of improvements, a list
of options for user selection, and/or a
maximum investment threshold. Low-
income populations will need financial
assistance to help with compliance. Similar
policies, called Residential Energy
Conservation Ordinances (RECOs), have
been passed in other cities.
E-7: Develop energy
reduction targets for City
of Miami municipal
buildings.
Once City of Miami better understands and
tracks the energy use of its buildings, we
can set informed goals on energy reduction
and determine most impactful strategies
for achievement.
MFCR
Goal 1 Phase 1: Establish
GHG emission reduction
goals and develop
multiyear action plan for
both City operations and
communitywide.
E-8: Provide incentives
for construction firms to
use locally -sourced
materials with low-
embodied carbon and
high -efficiency fixtures.
This action will contribute to local
economic growth, reduce emissions from
transporting materials, and reduce
operational emissions from the use of
efficient fixtures.
Resilient305
Action 23: Buy Local
PHASE 3 (7+ YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
E-9: Make all non-
emergency energy use in
existing public buildings
carbon -free by 2035.
Energy assets will be inventoried with
feasibility analysis for carbon -free
replacements, and appliance/equipment
replacements will be planned in the capital
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PHASE 3 (7+ YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
Explore and adopt as
much carbon -free
emergency energy
generation and storage
as possible. $$
spending budget. As the City has leased
many of its buildings, green initiatives in
lease agreements can be considered.
Residential Energy Conservation Ordinances (RECO)
Residential Energy Conservation Ordinances (RECOs) typically mandate that a home meet certain
energy (and often water) efficiency requirements and establish a process for verifying that such
standards have been satisfied. Property owners can comply with a RECO by meeting a prescriptive
checklist of energy efficiency and water conservation measures and undergoing a verification
inspection by a certified inspector. A RECO can be designed to establish different actions that initiate
the compliance process, such as sale of the property, the rental license inspection process, when the
property undergoes significant renovation, or as part of a safety inspection. Examples of cities with
RECOs or similar programs include: San Francisco, CA; Burlington, VT; and Ann Arbor, MI.
Building Efficiency 305 (BE305)
Building energy consumption accounts for 55% of City of Miami's GHG emissions, and buildings waste
up to 30% of energy and water due to inefficiencies and poor operations. Just 2% of buildings are over
20,000 but they account for over 40% of the floor space. BE305, requires these large buildings to
track their energy and water consumption so they can use this information to eliminate inefficiencies:
saving owners and residents money, reducing carbon footprints, and easing the transition to
renewable energy. The program is projected to save buildings owners and residents over $60 million
by the end of 2030.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Miami's economy will necessarily be transformed by the implementation of the GHG Plan and broader
resilience goals. For Miami's climate mitigation and adaptation efforts to be successful, residents and
businesses must economically benefit from the green policies, programs, and investments, which have
the potential to accelerate job growth and encourage economic diversification in addition to achieving
GHG mitigation goals and adapting to climate change. For this reason, the New Green Economy is a
central tenant of Miami Forever Carbon Neutral in anticipation of the way Miami's climate actions will
help drive an emerging economic sector and diversify the local economy. Growing a New Green
Economy — and, thus, achieving our GHG targets and resilience goals - requires building out Miami's
green economy ecosystem.
Today, Miami's green economy ecosystem includes many actors that are operating, for the most part,
independently of one another and without a supportive ecosystem helping them to grow, hire, increase
their impacts on the local economy and provide equitable opportunities. Our goal is to ensure that
green industries have a pathway for growth and that the City plays an active role in paving the way for
new green economic growth and employment. This includes preparing underemployed workers for new
green opportunities, engaging with the current and potential green job holders, fostering connections
between stakeholders, and building business and workforce training capacity and synergies across the
entire ecosystem.
While the New Green Economy actions will be implemented by the City, efforts to grow the green
economy need to involve the Greater Miami region and its economic and workforce development
institutions, including the Beacon Council, the Chamber of Commerce, plus a deep bench of colleges,
universities, and foundations. All these actors are already active in Miami's green economy ecosystem in
some sort of capacity, either by supporting workforce and educational development, recruiting green
industries, or funding community needs. Proposed actions for partners are included in Appendix A.
Objective: Grow the Green Economy Ecosystem
Objective: Recruit and Retain a Green Workforce
Objective: Open Occupation/ Pathways
Objective: Welcome and Support Green industry
City Authority:
• Just as the City of Miami faces practical constraints on its ability to influence all GHG emissions,
the City has similar constraints on its ability to direct and influence the local economy. We can
directly make change through a few select channels. For example, we can play an impactful role
in creating demand for green goods and services by purchasing those items for City use (such as
EVs, EV infrastructure, and building retrofits), investing in green goods and services for public
use (such as sustainable transportation and EV infrastructure), making GHG-friendly
requirements through permitting and contracting, and through partnerships. The City of Miami -
led New Green Economy actions leverage the City's existing resources (e.g., staff), programs
(e.g., Summer Youth Connect program, Opportunity Center), authority (e.g., zoning and
procurement), and regional leadership to influence Miami's economy.
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Action
Action Details
Resilient 305 & Miami Forever
Climate Ready Alignment
NE-1: Work with regional
partners to identify a regional
green economy champion and
align resilience and adaptation
goals.
While ecosystems are not created
overnight, coalition building with regional
partners, including Miami Dade County,
Beacon Council, the Chamber of
Commerce, CareerSource, and non
governmental organizations (NGOs), to
identify a green economy champion and
align resilience and adaptation goals from
Resilient305, Miami Forever Climate
Ready, and Miami Forever Carbon
Neutral to intentionally foster creation of
a functioning, inclusive ecosystem which
advances equity and opportunity through
innovation. This "champion" will need to
have long-term staying power, credibility
with a broad array of stakeholder groups,
an intense focus on the green economy
and climate justice, and access to
operational funding.
R305: Action 20: Build an
Inclusive Economy,
Action 21: Train for
Construction, &
Action 27: Expand Youth Career
Opportunities
MFCR: Goal 1: Ensure decisions
are data -driven and human
centered Goal 2: Inform,
prepare, and engage our
residents and businesses
NE-2: Dedicate staff to
support green economic
development goals and
implementation of the GHG
Plan.
Dedicate additional full-time equivalent
(FTE) employee capacity within existing
City departments (planning, resiliency,
housing & community development) to
support the green economy champion
and to lead the City's role in growing the
green economy ecosystem (which
includes the actions detailed in this
table).
NE-3: Develop a plan for
expanded, permanent
economic development
capacity.
Develop business model for expanded
City -level economic development
capacity, either as a city department or as
a public private partnership, to sustain
development of a functioning green
economy ecosystem, including economic
development incentives and workforce
development resources to support career
and training pathways. This would build
upon Venture Miami efforts.
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NE-4: Develop green economy
performance metrics.
Performance metrics are essential in
placing climate investments and
associated job creation in a broader
economic, social, and environmental
context, and documenting progress
toward future goals. The metrics
identified in the GHG Plan (e.g., the
number of Electric Vehicles in use) will
serve as a proxy for measuring the new
green economy. The City will develop
separate metrics for tracking equity
goals, including demographic makeup of
industries and occupations, workforce
training recruitment and participation,
and employment retention.
NE-5: Offer relevant job
The City's Opportunity Center and other
R305: Action 20: Build an
trainings through the
training entities can partner with local
Inclusive Economy,
Opportunity Center and
connect job seekers to local
employers.
green businesses to surface job orders,
locate trainings in the City, and prioritize
Action 21: Train for
Construction
recruiting displaced, underemployed, or
MFCR: Goal 1: Ensure decisions
unemployed workers from climate justice
are data -driven and human -
communities. Through this process the
City will gain a better understanding of
centered, Goal 2: Inform,
prepare, and engage our
barriers to employment in the green
economy and build relationships with
workforce and education partners to
develop programming to bridge the
identified gaps.
residents and businesses
NE-6: Expand the Miami
Introducing Miami youth to green jobs,
Action 27: Expand Youth Career
Summer Jobs Connect
particularly jobs that offer living wages
Opportunities
program to include
internships that align with the
new green economy.
and long-term growth opportunities,
early in their career can ensure that
Miami has a supply of qualified workers
to support green economic growth and
climate action goals.
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Action
Action Details
R305 & Miami Forever Climate
Ready Alignment
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NE-7: Strengthen the City's
Update the language in Chapter 22.5 of
R305: Action 20: Build an
procurement requirements so
the City Code, Articles I and III, to require
Inclusive Economy, Action 57:
that green and sustainable are
City departments to purchase green
Leverage the Power of
not only the preferred option,
but the required option.
goods and services rather than consider
Purchasing
them.
MFCR: Goal 2: Inform, prepare,
and engage our residents and
NE-8: Facilitate expedited
Expedited review will reduce costs and
businesses
design and permitting review
encourage developers, contractors, and
of projects that will achieve
related businesses to pursue sustainable
Miami's GHG and resilience
goals.
opportunities.
NE-9: Preserve or enhance
Growth of Miami's green economy will
zoning that supports green
also change land use needs. It will be
industries.
important for the City to identify changes
in land -use needs and preserve or create
zoning that supports green industry
needs. Zoning that supports green
industries will also facilitate location -
based economic development strategies.
Formalize resilience and green economy
priorities in the City's comprehensive
plan.
Regional Carbon Neutrality Plans
In April 2021, Miami -Dade County Public Schools established of goal of 100% clean energy use by 2030 for
better student health and financially responsible stewardship. To achieve this goal, they established a Clean
Energy 2030 task force and will deliver an implementation plan no later than February 2022. In October 2021,
Miami -Dade County released their Climate Action Strategy, a communitywide plan to cut greenhouse gas
emissions 50% by 2030, while creating jobs, improving health, and enhancing quality of life. Both of these
commitments align with City of Miami's goals and the global goal of halving emissions by 2030 and reaching
global carbon neutrality by 2050. As City of Miami, Miami -Dade County Public Schools, and Miami -Dade County
all have large purchasing and political power, the collective influence of these commitments can positively push
Miami's economy towards greater sustainability and equity.
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ADDITIONAL ENABLING ACTIONS
As many emission sources are outside of the City's direct control or influence, enabling legislation and
programs are needed to significantly reduce these emissions. Miami can advocate for progressive
climate policies at the federal and state levels, or from utility providers, as well as create their own
programs that may indirectly provide emissions reductions, such as a jobs training program. Actions that
do not have separately quantified GHG reductions but are necessary to support City -led climate action
are included below.
Objective: Advocate and Educate
Objective: Integrate Climate into Governance
Objective: Reduce Solid Waste
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
A-1: Improve city data
on waste streams and
disposal. Establish a
per capita waste goal.
To better understand opportunities
for waste reduction, the City will
need an updated waste stream
characterization study and data from
private haulers who service multi-
family buildings and commercial
businesses. Miami -Dade County has a
goal to reduce landfill waste per
person by 50 by 2030.
Waste
Reduction
A-2: Train City
employees on
emerging resilient and
sustainable buildings
initiatives and
technologies including
solar PVs, energy
storage, EV charging,
energy efficiency,
electrification, and
climate adaptation
policies.
City staff need to be familiar with
green and resilient building practices
in order to facilitate permitting and
sustainable development. The City
will evaluate initial areas of
opportunity based on history of
permits and current policies.
Resilient305:
All Goals
ACTION 47: Train
Employees to Be
Resilient
MFCR
Goal 2 Phase 2:
Build staff capacity
by incentivizing
city employees to
pursue relevant
professional
certifications.
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
A-3: Implement green
and sustainable special
events program.
Beginning with guidelines and then
transitioning to requirements, the
City will work with special events in
the City to generate less waste, use
more sustainable materials, and be
more energy efficient.
All Goals
A-4: Train City staff on
climate change.
Educating City staff on climate
change can help ensure that public
decisions are made with climate
considerations in mind. This training
is intended to cover the basics of the
issue and local impacts.
Resilient305:
All Goals
ACTION 47: Train
Employees to Be
Resilient
ACTION 48: RISE to
the Rescue
MFCR
Goal 2 Phase 1:
Inform, Prepare,
and Engage
Residents and
Businesses
(multiple actions)
A-5: Work with existing
advocacy organizations
and non -profits to
improve citywide
climate literacy and
awareness.
Literacy initiatives should go beyond
social media posts and achievements
should be communicated widely. The
City should provide funding to local
organizations to develop PSAs,
promote City initiatives, and educate
residents.
Resilient305:
All Goals
ACTION 48: RISE to
the Rescue
ACTION 40: Create
a K-12 Plan for
Resilience Literacy
MFCR
Goal 2 Phase 1:
Inform, Prepare,
and Engage
Residents and
Businesses
(multiple actions)
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
A-6: Improve recycling
participation and
reduce contamination.
Recycling is required citywide;
participation is high but so is
contamination. Multi -family buildings
with more than three units and
commercial businesses must contract
recycling services through a private
waste hauler but not all do. The City
can provide information for residents
on how to get recycling started. In
addition, new information about
contamination in the City's recycling
stream will help determine metrics
and focus areas to improve the
quality of recycled items.
MFCR
Waste
Reduction
Goal 2 Phase 1:
Enhance existing
educational anti
litter and cleanup
programs and
implement data
based policies
A-7: Work with
community composting
organizations to
increase household
composting.
Composting greatly reduces the
emissions that come from landfilling
or combusting organic waste. Having
options such as backyard
composting, compost pickup/drop-
off and community composting at
City parks will help make composting
more accessible to residents.
Waste
Reduction
A-8: Help restaurants
and businesses reduce
their waste stream by
connecting them with
resources to reduce
single -use plastic,
integrate composting,
and recover and
redistribute surplus
food.
Single -use plastics are a major source
of marine debris and food waste is a
major source of landfill emissions.
Restaurants and businesses can
voluntarily opt to partner with a
number of local organizations who
can help educate them on the
environmental impacts of their waste
stream and provide guidance on how
to mitigate. The City can encourage
participation and promote these
opportunities.
Waste
Reduction
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
A-9: Lobby for climate-
forward policies at the
state and federal level.
Lobby the federal government, Public
Service Commission (PSC) and State
of Florida in support of policies and
funding that promote climate
resilience and carbon mitigation. The
PSC is responsible for regulating FPL
and the State is responsible for many
impactfulpolicies and fundingEnergy
p
programs including the Florida
Building Code.
Resilient305
Energy
Efficiency
and Carbon -
Free
Buildings
Carbon -free
Electricity
ACTION 17:
Building Efficiency
305
ACTION 16:
Expand Renewable
ACTION 17:
Building Efficiency
305
MFCR
Goal 5 Phase 2:
Advocate for
changes to the
Florida Building
Code and
participate in the
voting process to
further strengthen
flood risk
mitigation and
energy and water
efficiency
measures.
A-10: Advocate for
climate -forward policies
from FPL that support
carbon -free energy at
scale and energy
efficiency.
The City can use its soft power to
advocate for policies that make solar
more economical for customers and
encourage the utility towards utility-
scale clean energy as expeditiously as
possible. Additionally, the City can
advocate for energy efficiency
retrofit programs for low-income
households.
Resilient305
Carbon -free
Electricity
Energy
Efficiency
and Carbon -
Free
Buildings
ACTION 16:
Expand Renewable
Energy
MFCR
Goal 4 Phase 1:
Prioritize and
improve
coordination and
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
communications
with FPL around
protocols and
efforts to improve
energy grid
reliability.
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
A-11: Develop a
financial and technical
assistance program
that helps residents,
particularly low-
income, to pursue
climate action. $$
This action includes education,
investigating financial mechanisms
and revenue streams to fund
incentives and rebates, and technical
support. The City will work across
departments to develop easily
accessible guidance that span carbon
mitigation and climate resilience.
Resilient305
Energy
Efficiency
and Carbon -
Free
Buildings
ACTION 37:
Prepare Your
Property
A-12: Establish
construction and
demolition waste
diversion requirements.
Construction and demolition (C&D)
waste can be a substantial part of the
solid waste stream. Establishing
diversion requirements can ensure
C&D waste is reused or recycled.
Waste
Reduction
A-13: Develop end -of-
life requirements for
solar PV and other
relevant renewable
energy technologies,
including battery
storage.
Solar panels and batteries contain
toxic chemicals that can pollute the
environment and impact public
health if not disposed of properly.
Developing disposal or recycling
requirements for these items can
reduce their environmental damage
at end -of -life.
Waste
Reduction
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Action Summary
Goal 1 Actions:
G-1: Reduce emissions for City employee commute.
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -Dade County and local advocacy groups to increase utilization of biking as
a transit method by implementing the Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the number of protected,
green bikeways. $$
G-3: Expand micromobility options throughout the entire city including Citibikes, scooters, and electric
bikes. $$
G-4: Develop a Trolley Master Plan including a long-term vision for the program and route updates. $$
G-5: Build upon existing transit -oriented development policies in Miami21 to increase residential density,
access to goods and services, and decrease single -occupancy vehicle use focusing on areas surrounding
Metrorail stations.
G-6: Establish parking disincentives, such as parking maximums and dynamic parking prices, to
discourage the use of single occupancy gas vehicles.
G-7: Adopt transportation demand management ordinance to require certain employers and developers
to establish plans to reduce single -occupant vehicle use and traffic during peak hours among employees
and residents.
G-8: Work with partner entities to create bus lanes in strategic, key corridors. $$
G-9: Work with Miami -Dade County and local advocacy groups to increase utilization of public transit
through investments in safety, improving public transit literacy, and campaigns.
G-10: Improve pedestrian experience and safety through investments in sidewalks such as ADA
compliance measures and increasing number of crosswalks, especially in low -medium income areas. $$
Goal 2 Actions:
R-1: Starting in 2024, require all new buildings to be solar -ready and storage -ready.
R-2: Join FPL SolarTogether program to purchase City's building electricity from solar.
R-3: Promote community participation in FPL SolarTogether program, especially among renters, to
purchase 100% of their electricity from solar.
R-4: Provide additional policy and financial incentives to encourage private solar installations and
identify incentives that would appeal to owners of affordable housing. $$
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R-5: Install solar and storage in public buildings or parking structures where feasible, prioritizing critical
facilities.
R-6: Partner with community organizations such as local non -profits, trade organizations, and electric
and gas utilities, to develop a building electrification education program to provide information and
technical assistance. $$
Goa/3: ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Goal 3 Actions:
EV-1: Develop EV Master Plan to support the growth of electric vehicle ownership.
EV-2: Develop technical guidance for building owners/managers to facilitate in EV charging
infrastructure installations in existing buildings.
EV-3: Partner with major employers and multifamily building owners to install EV chargers in parking
lots/garages. $$
EV-4: Build on EV Capability Ordinance to require EV charger installations in new developments
starting in 2025. $$
EV-5: Partner with existing electric vehicle non -profits to promote public awareness of the benefits and
real costs of EV purchasing and ownership, especially addressing low-income drivers and their concerns.
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public vehicle fleet, including trolleys by 2035.
EV-7: Evaluate the potential to implement a low emission zone in the urban core.
EV-8: Evaluate implementing an electric vehicle -sharing program within neighborhoods with low car
ownership.
Goa/4: ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Goal 4 Actions:
E-1: Implement Building Efficiency 305 (BE305) program requiring energy benchmarking and disclosure
for commercial, multi -family residential, and City of Miami municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft. $$
E-2: Improve public benefits and green buildings tracking to increase program participation and
impact.
E-3: Require all new public buildings to be built to zero net energy standards starting in 2025.
E-4: Adopt a residential, single-family home energy rating and disclosure ordinance. $$
E-5: Adopt building performance standard for commercial, multi -family residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft. $$
E-6: Establish residential, single-family home energy conservation requirements. $$
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E-7: Develop energy reduction targets for City of Miami municipal buildings.
E-8: Provide incentives for construction firms to use locally -sourced materials with low -embodied carbon
and high -efficiency fixtures.
E-9: Make all non -emergency energy use in existing public buildings carbon -free by 2035. Explore and
adopt as much carbon -free emergency energy generation and storage as possible.
NE-1: Work with regional partners, including Miami -Dade County, Beacon Council, and non -governmental
organizations (NGOs), to align sustainability and adaptation goals. $$
NE-2: Dedicate staff within existing City departments to support green economic development goals and
implementation of the GHG Plan. $$
NE-3: Develop a Mayor -approved plan for expanded, permanent economic development capacity. $$
NE-4: Strengthen the City's procurement requirements so that green and sustainable are not only the
preferred option, but the required option. $$
NE-5: Facilitate expedited design and permitting review of projects that will achieve Miami's GHG and
resilience goals. $$
NE-6: Preserve and increase flexibility of job -supportive land uses. $$
NE-7: Develop green economy performance metrics based on the GHG Implementation Plan. $$
NE-8: Expand the Miami Summer Jobs Connect program to include internships that align with green
economy. $$
Additional Enabling Actions
A-1: Improve city data on waste streams and disposal. Establish a per capita waste goal.
A-2: Train City employees on emerging resilient and sustainable buildings initiatives and technologies
including solar PVs, energy storage, EV charging, energy efficiency, electrification, and climate
adaptation policies.
A-3: Implement green and sustainable special events program.
A-4: Train City staff on climate change.
A-5: Work with existing advocacy organizations and non -profits to improve citywide climate literacy and
awareness.
A-6: Improve recycling participation and reduce contamination.
A-7: Work with community composting organizations to increase household composting.
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A-8: Help restaurants and businesses reduce their waste stream by connecting them with resources to
reduce single -use plastic, integrate composting, and recover and redistribute surplus food.
A-9: Lobby for climate -forward policies at the state and federal level.
A-10: Advocate for climate -forward policies from FPL that support carbon -free energy at scale and
energy efficiency.
A-11: Develop a financial and technical assistance program that helps residents, particularly low-
income, to pursue climate action. $$
A-12: Establish construction and demolition waste diversion requirements.
A-13: Develop end -of -life requirements for solar PV and other relevant renewable energy technologies,
including battery storage.
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Chapter 4: Monitoring Progress and Next Steps
Successful GHG Plan implementation will require communitywide support — from residents, local
businesses, community organizations, City staff, and elected officials — as well as significant policy
support beyond the Miami community as described in this plan.
The City is committed to providing the necessary resources and technical support to ensure successful
plan implementation, including the following steps:
• Future GHG inventories — the City will prepare a GHG inventory every two years to support top -
down monitoring of total community emissions. These updates will also include comprehensive
action level updates on the GHG Plan and adaptation plan.
• Future plan updates — the City will also perform a comprehensive review of the GHG Plan every
five years, at most, to determine if updates are needed to reflect new information and revise its
approach, as needed, based on implementation monitoring results.
• Communication channels — the City will maintain communication with the public to facilitate
collaboration and accountability on plan implementation with residents, other community
stakeholders, and Miami -Dade County and adjacent cities.
o www.miamigov.com/climatechange will continue to serve as the City's central hub for
updates on all climate plans including Miami Forever Climate Ready.
o Progress on the Resilient305 strategy can be found at www.resilient305.com.
Implementation Monitoring Approach
When monitoring GHG Plan implementation, two evaluation considerations are important: total
community GHG emissions trends and individual action performance. GHG inventories will provide "top
down" information about the City's overall emission changes, in total and with more granularity at the
emissions sub -sector level. These inventories will be conducted every two years which allows for direct
comparison to the 2018 base year inventory and measurement of progress toward the City's 2035 and
2050 reduction targets. This information can help understand which of the Plan's goals are showing
progress and which aspects of the community's emissions are facing challenges.
It is also important to understand the effectiveness of each Plan objective and action, which can be
considered a "bottom up" evaluation approach. Evaluating progress of individual goals and actions will
improve the City's ability to manage and implement the GHG Plan, highlighting opportunities to
reinforce successful actions or the need to reevaluate or replace under -performing ones. These updates
will also be provided as part of the GHG inventory update.
To track objective and action performance, the City will need to collect important pieces of data that are
related to each. While some of the data may be available from existing reports or processes,
improvements in data collection will likely be needed to minimize City efforts during Plan monitoring.
We must establish data collection methods that are consistent, simplified, and integrated into daily
operations to support long-term Plan monitoring. We will evaluate methods for alignment with the
strategic plan and regular Clearpoint reporting, establishing scheduled status updates at internal
Resilience Action Forum meetings, and leveraging the Climate Resilience Committee for external
accountability.
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The City developed an implementation roadmap (see Appendix C) that provides further useful
information to support monitoring for the prioritized actions, including identification of lead
departments and implementation tracking metrics.
Tracking Our Goals
The Plan is organized around five overarching goals, including four quantitative objectives and five
qualitative objectives related to 2035 GHG target achievement. The following table provides a
framework for tracking GHG-reduction goal progress (excluding the New Economy goal as success
metrics have not yet been determined), including baseline information, implementation metrics, and
potential sources for each metric listed. The City will coordinate with staff to update progress on these
metrics every two years during their GHG inventory update.
Table 4.1— Goal Tracking
Goal 1: GETTING AROUND MIAMI
Objective: 15% less private vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels
Target: 72% of total trips are in private vehicles by 2035
Baseline Information
Implementation Metrics
Metric Sources
• 85% passenger trips by private
vehicles (interpolated for 2018
from 2015 and 2045 County-
level data)
• Primary Metric: Percent of
passenger trips from
private vehicles
• Miami -Dade County TPO
Transportation SERPM Model
• 70% of commuters drove
alone to work (2015-2019 City
of Miami ACS 5-Year Estimate
data)
• Supporting Metric:
Commuting travel mode
splits
• American Community Survey
5-Year Estimates —
Commuting Characteristics
Goal 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY
Objective: 100% carbon -free electricity
Target: 100% of electricity is generated by carbon -free sources such as solar, nuclear, and
wind/elimination of fossil fuels from the main electricity fuel mix by 2035
Objective: 35% reduction in on -site natural gas emissions compared to 2018 levels
Target: Reduce total natural gas emissions to 94,500 MTCO2e or less by 2035
Baseline Information
Implementation Metrics
Metric Sources
• 2018 electric grid mix: 24.5%
carbon -free sources (1.5%
renewable sources, 23%
nuclear
• Primary Metric: Electric
grid resource mix
• FPL
• Supporting Metric: City
solar installation permit
data with system kW
information
• Building Department
• Residential on -site natural gas
— 3,748,422 therms consumed
in 2018
• Primary Metric: Residential
and commercial natural gas
therm consumption
• TECO, Florida City Gas
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• Commercial on -site natural gas
— 23,593,957 therms
consumed in 2018
• Supporting Metrics:
• City building permit
data describing equipment
replacement and fuel
switching
• Permits for all -electric
new construction and
permits for mixed -fuel new
construction
• Building Department
Goal 3: ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Objective/target. 40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric*
Baseline Information
Implementation Metrics
Metric Sources
• <1% registered vehicles are EV
(2020 County -level data)
• Primary Metrics:
• Total registered autos
and pickups
• % of all registered
autos that are electric
vehicles
• EV Hub — State and County
EV Registration Data
• FLHSMV — Registered Vehicle
and Vessel Report Statistics
■ Supporting Metric: City EV
charger installation permit
data
• Building Department
Goal 4: ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Objective: Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy consumption and support
achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Baseline Information
Implementation Metrics
Metric Sources
• Residential:
• 3,748,422 therms
consumed in 2018 (on -site
natural gas)
• 2,100,317 MWh consumed
in 2018 (electricity)
• Commercial:
• 23,593,957 therms
consumed in 2018 (on -site
natural gas)
• 3,330,062 MWh consumed
in 2018 (electricity)
• Primary Metrics:
• Residential and
commercial natural gas
therm consumption
• electricity MWh
consumption
• TECO, Florida City Gas, FPL
• Supporting Metrics: ACEEE
City Energy Efficiency
Scorecard
• ACEEE Website
* County -level data is the best readily available source currently known, but city -level sources may become
available in the future
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Remaining Emissions in 2050
Remaining Emissions Sources
Miami's GHG Plan shows how to reduce local emissions to the maximum extent feasible and focuses on
emissions reductions from the city's largest emissions sources, including building energy use,
transportation, and the electric grid. Currently, there are technological, regulatory, economic, and other
barriers that prohibit elimination of 100% of carbon emissions. Based on the city's emissions forecasts,
the aforementioned barriers, and the GHG actions presented in this plan, we are likely to still have
emissions in 2050 from several sources, shown in Figure 3.5, including:
tonnes CO2e/year
• passenger vehicles, trucks, and transit buses that have not converted to electric options yet
• natural gas cooking appliances in commercial (e.g., restaurants, hotels, schools) buildings
• natural gas used in the potable water supply
• fugitive emissions from natural gas distribution
• wastewater treatment activities
600,000
600,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
Figure 3.5 — Emissions Remaining in 2050
1.1 Residential
11.1 On -road
0
0
0
11.2 Railways
11.3 Waterborne
11.4 Aviation
11.5 Off -road
III.1Solid waste
0
3
14
0
O
111.3Incincration
111.4 Wastewater
These sources represent the remaining emissions that need to be reduced or balanced by 2050 for the
City to demonstrate achievement of its carbon neutrality target, and total approximately 690,000 MT
CO2e/yr. Global best practices on how to balance these remaining emissions are currently in
development and the City will take a "wait -and -see" approach to determine what is the best solution
when the time approaches.
Barriers to GHG Reduction
There are multiple barriers to eliminating 100% of the City's carbon emissions; some are technological
while others will require additional funding or more complete market transformations to achieve
maximum reductions.
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Figure 3.5 shows that the most significant remaining emissions are from on -road transportation, and
reflect continued gas and diesel use in a segment of the community vehicle fleet. To completely reduce
emissions in this sub -sector, all vehicles must be converted to EV or zero -emissions options. Current EV
forecasts anticipate accelerating use of this technology starting in the 2025-2030 timeframe, but only
predict 31% global fleet electrification by 2040 and do not anticipate 100% market penetration by
2050.16 And, it would be difficult for Miami to transition all private vehicles to electric options without
substantial external assistance in the form of aggressive state or federal legislation or generous financial
incentives that prompt residents and businesses to replace fossil fuel vehicles with EVs before their end
of useful life. While the City will continue to push for widespread vehicle electrification, a parallel focus
on reducing single occupancy vehicle use through increased transit and supportive land use
development patterns can also help to reduce the total number of vehicles that would need to be
electrified in the future. An additional barrier to full vehicle electrification is the City's lack of control
over public bus fleets, including Metrobus and school buses. Electrification efforts for these vehicles
have already begun with Miami -Dade Transit and Miami -Dade County Public Schools, and future Plan
updates will be able to reflect GHG reductions from these actions. Miami -Dade County's Climate Action
Strategy has committed to electrifying 50% of buses by 2030 and Miami -Dade County Schools has
committed to 100% clean energy use by 2030.
Because the City does not own or operate the public rail or bus fleets and lacks control over many of the
major arterial streets in the City, we ultimately have limited authority to influence transit service,
infrastructure expansion, or roadway design decisions to increase space for non -automotive travel.
These factors limit the City's ability to directly influence travel mode shift to transit, beyond partnership,
to overcome the limited regional vehicle travel reduction projections for 2035 and beyond.
In 2021, the state of Florida passed SB 1128/HB 919 that limits local governments' ability to enact or
enforce any policies that restrict or prohibit the types or fuel sources of energy production. Therefore,
Miami cannot restrict or ban the use of fossil fuels in buildings, which will delay the City's progress
toward electrification or using carbon -free energy sources. Because the City can no longer mandate the
use of certain fuels, we will need to invest heavily in programs that incentivize voluntary building
retrofits or net-zero/all-electric new construction.
Much like on -road emission sources, the City does not have direct control over its water supply or
wastewater treatment process and therefore has minimal opportunities to fully reduce these emissions.
Technological barriers in wastewater treatment can also limit opportunities to achieve zero emissions in
this category. Community efforts to reduce water consumption through water -efficient appliances or
other best practices could provide some related GHG reductions in these sub -sectors, but ultimately
decisions to fully reduce these emissions fall outside the City's direct control. Therefore, remaining
emissions in these sub -sectors are likely to be addressed through the approaches described in the next
section.
Many commercial businesses may prefer to use natural gas kitchen equipment over electric options
given high upfront costs to replace existing equipment, comfort and proficiency in using existing gas
equipment, or specific business needs that require gas equipment. The Plan focuses on encouraging
16 BloombergNEF Electric Vehicle Outlook 2020. https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-
outlook/#:' :text=Passenger%20EV%20sales%20iumped%20from,sales%20spread%20to%20new%20markets
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adoption of electric appliances at the end -of -useful -life of natural gas appliances, but the City is pre-
empted from enacting electrification requirements.
Finally, fugitive emissions from natural gas transmission and distribution are associated with leaks in an
infrastructure network maintained by utility companies and overseen by state and federal regulators.
The City's best option to reduce these emissions is to minimize use of natural gas citywide through
implementation of GHG Plan strategies. The City will also continue to work with utilities on improving
efficiency of these distribution systems to minimize leaks and fugitive emissions. Future GHG inventory
updates will help demonstrate how these actions have contributed to emissions reductions in this sub -
sector too.
Cities can demonstrate carbon neutrality in different ways, but each method generally tries to balance
any remaining emissions with actions that cancel out those emissions elsewhere. These actions can
include natural carbon sequestration (such as through forest restoration or regenerative agricultural
practices), industrial -based carbon removal and storage practices, or purchasing carbon credits from a
verified global marketplace to support GHG reduction activities occurring in other locations.
During Plan updates, the City will maintain channels of communication that support ongoing dialogue
among residents, community organizations, businesses, elected officials, and City staff. Part of this
conversation will include discussing community preferences for how we balance any remaining
emissions in 2050 to demonstrate achievement of our carbon neutrality target.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Acknowledgements
The development of this plan was led by City of Miami's Department of Resilience and Public Works
Division of Resilience and Sustainability with key guidance and technical expertise from AECOM and C40
Cities. This plan would not be possible without the input, feedback, and collaboration of climate
champions in the Miami community and within City of Miami staff.
Individuals from the following organizations both contributed to this report and will be key partners as
City of Miami works towards carbon neutrality:
AECOM Florida International University
Allapattah CDC Florida Power and Light
Beacon Council Food Rescue South Florida
Brickell Energy Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce
Building Association of South Florida ICLEI
Building Owners and Managers Association JP Morgan Chase
C40 Cities Miami Climate Alliance
Catalyst Miami Miami -Dade County
City of Miami, especially the Resilience Action Miami -Dade Transportation Planning
Group Organization
City of Miami Beach Miami Parking Authority
City of Orlando Oojee
City of San Francisco Overtown Community Champions
CLEO Institute TECO Gas
Climate Resilience Committee Transit Alliance
Downtown Development Authority The Miami Foundation
Dream in Green University of Miami
Florida City Gas Ygrene
Lastly, thank you to all the members of the public who participated in our engagement opportunities
throughout the development of this plan and provided their feedback. Whether you live, work, play or
just care about the City of Miami, we appreciate your advocacy and encourage you to continue as we
work to build Miami forever and for all.
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Glossary
Term
Definition
Baseline
Climate conditions or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions snapshot against
which to begin tracking adaptation or reduction progress
Carbon -free
electricity/energy
Energy produced by a resource that generates no carbon emissions, such
as solar, nuclear, or hydroelectric
Carbon Neutral
GHG emissions have been reduced as much as possible and any remaining
emissions are completely cancelled out through offsetting or removed
through carbon dioxide removal (CDR)/emissions removal measures; also
known as net zero emissions
Greenhouse Gas
Gases that absorb and emit radiant energy within the thermal infrared
range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary human -produced
greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
Micromobility
Transportation by lightweight, low -speed vehicles such as scooters or
bicycles, either mechanical or electric
Mitigation
Reduction of annual GHG emissions from a source
Teleworking
A work arrangement in which employees do not commute or travel to a
central place of work, such as an office building, warehouse, or store; also
called remote working
Zero Carbon
No carbon emissions are being produced (e.g., zero -carbon electricity
could be provided by a 100% renewable energy supplier)
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Acronyms
• °C = degrees Celsius
• °F = degrees Fahrenheit
• ADA = Americans with Disabilities Act
• ASAP = Action Selection and Prioritization
• BRT = Bus Rapid Transit
• CO2e/CO2eq = carbon dioxide equivalent
• CO2e/yr = carbon dioxide equivalent per year
• EV = electric vehicle
• EVSE = electric vehicle supply equipment
• GHG = greenhouse gas
• GHG Plan = Greenhouse Gas Plan
• HVAC = heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
• IPCC = United Nation's International Panel on Climate Change
• kWh = kilowatt-hour
• MFCR = Miami Forever Climate Ready
• MiPlan = Miami Climate Action Plan
• MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
• MWh = megawatt -hour
• PV = photovoltaic
• R305 = Resilient305
• TDM =Transportation Demand Management
• TOD = Transit Oriented Development
• tonne = Metric tonne (roughly 1.1 US tons)
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Appendix B — Action Evaluation Results
The City evaluated all plan actions against 9 co -benefit and feasibility criteria. For a given action, each evaluation criterion was rated on a
qualitative rating scale to reflect the degree to which implementation of the action will impact that criterion. The following tables present the
rating scales used for the co -benefit and feasibility criteria. All co -benefits were evaluated using the same rating scale shown in the first table,
ranging from Very Positive to Very Negative. Feasibility rating scales were customized to each criterion, as show in the remaining tables.
Assessing action impacts across multiple criteria helped to provide a more complete picture of the actions' broader impact beyond GHG
reductions.
The ASAP tool provides different graphic and tabular outputs to help users interpret the evaluation results, which are provided in part at the end
of this appendix, including a ranking of actions by GHG reduction potential (see Figure B1), actions by co -benefit score (see Figure B2), and
actions by feasibility score (see Figure B3). The City team identified actions that appear in each of these lists as a starting point for prioritization
because these actions provide high GHG reductions, important additional community benefits, and have a higher degree of implementation
feasibility. The City team also chose to prioritize actions that provide specific community co -benefits, including positive benefits for climate
justice, green infrastructure, and jobs creation.
The remainder of this appendix presents the full evaluation results for each action.
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Co -Benefit Rating Legend (Public Health, Greenspace and Green
Infrastructure, Employment, Cost of Living)
Very Negative
The action has a negative impact across the
community
Somewhat
Negative
The action has a negative impact across a small
portion of the community or a slightly negative impact
across the entire community
Neutral
The action has no impact, or the impact is unknown
Somewhat
Positive
The action has a positive impact across a small portion
of the community or a slightly positive impact across
the entire community
Very Positive
The action has a positive impact across the community
Complexity to Implement — City Rating Legend
Very Complex
The City has no authority, requires major policy
change, no available staff or expertise
Somewhat
Complex
Between not complex and very complex
Not Complex
No authority or policy barriers, staff capacity available
Additional Costs — City and Private Rating Legend
Very Large Cost
City: >$1 million
Private: Approx. cost of a solar installation or EV
Large Cost
City: $500k-$1 million
Private: Approx. cost of HVAC replacement or EV
charger
Some Cost
City: $50k-$500k
Private: Approx. cost of making a building EV or solar
ready
Very Little Cost
City: $0-$50k
Private: Approx. cost of lightbulb or fixture
replacement
Climate Justice Rating Legend
Negative
The action is relevant to climate justice communities and
does not address equity or has a negative impact on
equity
Neutral
The action does not address an issue/sector that affects
climate justice communities
Positive
The action is relevant to climate justice communities and
actively addresses and has a positive impact on equity
Political Acceptability Rating Legend
Politically
Challenging
The action is challenging to implement due to negative
public opinion and stakeholder pushback
Neutral or
Unclear
The action is neither politically acceptable or challenging
due to unclear or truly split public opinion
Politically
Acceptable
The action is acceptable to implement due to positive
public opinion and stakeholder support
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No. Cost
City and Private: $0
NOTE: Highlighted actions are prioritized actions
Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
G-1: Reduce emissions for
City employee commute.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -
Dade County and local
advocacy groups to increase
utilization of biking as a
transit method by
implementing the Bicycle
Master Plan and expanding
the number of protected,
green bikeways.
Very
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Very Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
G-3: Expand micromobility
options throughout the
entire city including Citibikes,
scooters, and electric bikes.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
No Cost
G-4: Develop a Trolley Master
Plan including a long-term
vision for the program and
route updates.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Very
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Large Cost
No Cost
G-5: Build upon existing
transit -oriented development
policies in Miami21 to
increase residential density,
access to goods and services,
and decrease single -Positive
occupancy vehicle use
focusing on areas surrounding
Metrorail stations.
Somewhat
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Negative
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
- City
G-6: Establish parking
disincentives, such as parking
maximums and dynamic
parking prices, to discourage
p g g
the use of single occupancy
gas vehicles.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Negative
g
Somewhat
Negative
g
Negative
Somewhat
Complex
p
Politically
ChallengingNo
Cost
No Cost
G-7: Adopt transportation
demand management
ordinance to require certain
employers and developers to
establish plans to reduce
single occupant vehicle use
and traffic during peak hours
among employees and
residents.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
Some Cost
G-8: Work with partner
entities to create bus lanes in
strategic, key corridors.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
G-9: Work with Miami -Dade
County and local advocacy
groups to increase utilization
of public transit through
investments in safety,
improving public transit
literacy, and campaigns.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
G-10: Improve pedestrian
experience and safety
through investments in
sidewalks such as ADA
compliance measures and
increasing number of
crosswalks, especially in low -
medium income areas.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
R-1: Starting in 2024, require
all new buildings to be solar-
ready and storage -ready.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Negative
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
No Cost
Some Cost
R-2: Join FPL SolarTogether
program to purchase City's
building electricity from solar.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Large Cost
No Cost
R-3: Promote community
participation in FPL
SolarTogether program,
especially among renters, to
purchase 100% of their
electricity from solar.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
R-4: Provide additional policy
and financial incentives to
encourage private solar
installations and identify
incentives that would appeal
to owners of affordable
housing
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
R-5: Install solar and storage
in public buildings or parking
structures where feasible,
prioritizing critical facilities.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
R-6: Partner with community
organizations such as local
non -profits, trade
organizations, and electric
and gas utilities, to develop a
building electrification
education program to provide
information and technical
assistance.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Negative
Neutral
Not
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
EV-1: Develop EV Master
Plan to support the growth
of electric vehicle ownership.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
EV-2: Develop technical
guidance for building
owners/managers to
facilitate in EV charging
infrastructure installations in
existing buildings.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
EV-3: Partner with major
employers and multifamily
building owners to install EV
chargers in parking
lots/garages.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
Large Cost
EV-4: Build on EV Capability
Ordinance to require EV
charger installations in new
developments starting in
2025.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
Large Cost
EV-5: Partner with existing
electric vehicle non -profits to
promote public awareness of
the benefits and real costs of
EV purchasing and ownership,
especially addressing low-
income drivers and their
concerns.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public
vehicle fleet, including
trolleys by 2035.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Large Cost
No Cost
EV-7: Evaluate the potential
to implement a low emission
zone in the urban core.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
EV-8: Evaluate implementing
an electric vehicle -sharing
program within
neighborhoods with low car
ownership.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
E-1: Implement Building
Efficiency 305 (BE305)
program requiring energy
benchmarking and disclosure
for commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over
20,000 sq. ft
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Some Cost
Very Little Cost
E-2: Improve public benefits
and green buildings tracking
to increase program
participation and impact.
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
No Cost
Some Cost
E-3: Require all new public
buildings to be built to zero
net energy standards starting
in 2025.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Some Cost
No Cost
E-4: Adopt a residential,
single-family home energy
rating and disclosure
ordinance.
Neutral
Neutral
Very Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Negative
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Very Little
Cost
Some Cost
E-5: Adopt building
performance standard for
commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over
20,000 sq. ft
Neutral
Neutral
Very Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Large Cost
Large Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
E-6: Establish residential,
single-family home energy
conservation requirements.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Very Positive
Very
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Very Little
Cost
Large Cost
E 7: Develop energy
reduction targets for City of
Miami municipal buildings.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
E-8: Provide incentives for
construction firms to use
locally -sourced materials with
low -embodied carbon and
high efficiency fixtures.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
E-9: Make all non -emergency
energy use in existing public
buildings carbon -free by
2035. Explore and adopt as
much clean energy
emergency generation and
battery storage as possible.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Large Cost
No Cost
A-1: Improve city data on
waste streams and disposal.
Establish a per capital waste
goal.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
No Cost
Some Cost
A-2: Train City employees on
emerging resilient and
sustainable buildings
initiatives and technologies
including solar PVs, energy
storage, EV charging, energy
efficiency, electrification,
and climate adaptation
policies.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Some Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
A-3: Implement green and
sustainable special events
program.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
Very Little Cost
A-4: Train City staff on
climate change.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
A-5: Work with existing
advocacy organizations and
non -profits to improve
citywide climate literacy and
awareness.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
A-6: Improve recycling
participation and reduce
contamination.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
A-7: Work with community
composting organizations to
increase household
composting.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
A-8: Help restaurants and
businesses reduce their waste
stream by connecting them
with resources to reduce
single -use plastic, integrate
composting, and recover and
redistribute surplus food.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
A-9: Lobby for climate
forward policies at the state
and federal level.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
No Cost
A-10: Advocate for climate -
forward policies from FPL that
support carbon -free energy at
scale and energy efficiency.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
No Cost
A-11: Develop a financial and
technical assistance program
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Large Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional Costs -
Private
that helps residents,
particularly low-income, to
pursue climate action.
A-12: Establish construction
and demolition waste
diversion requirements.
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
Some Cost
A-13: Develop end -of -life
requirements for solar PV and
other relevant renewable
energy technologies,
including battery storage.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
Very Little Cost
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Figure B1-Action Evaluation -Top GHGReduction ScoreActions1
■ Emissions Reduction Score
0 2
**E-5:Commemial build are energy performance standard ordinance
E-2: Improve pubhc benefits and green buildings tracing to increase program participation and impact
*Rd: Fronde policy arld financial incenBueslet Wale sour ingPlatIOM COnsrdervig if !Credible hoUS+rg owners
X.3: Promote commuNfy ptelitipdtion IAEPL $OlarTSgcte;r progr.lan, especially among renters
R-2: lam FPE 5olas-logethen program to purchase Cdys bxiriding a sctrkity from solar.
* EV-Er. Adopt EV policy to electrify 113096 of public vehicle flee!, includingtndleys, by 21135
R=S: klstaR solar and storage In pibik Wad. gs or parking strYCtures ene feasible, p= bang crltiaal Iambi let
*E9: make all norr-emergemy energy use to existing public build bogs carbon -hie by2Q35,
* E3: New pubs buildings to addieve,?eo net energy standards starting in 2025
Gel: Develop a Trolley Master Plan including a long-term vision for the program and rove updates.
*G3: Expand minamobdty optionsthroughout the enure city including Ceba..... scooters, and electric bikes.
6-4: Work worth Miami -Glade County and local advocacygroups to Increase utilisation of punk tra!nt
3-5 Work wire pan nee Mdi bet totreale Ws Lanes in slrategK.key 4^prkkai-
G-lu: Improve pedestrian experiericeand safety dila ugh eirrestments In sdewalks, especially In um areas
* G-2: Collaborate with Miami- Bade County arrd focal advocacy groups to Implement the Bicycle Master Plan an d ecpardeig the...
*EA.: Commercial budding benchmaki rgand reporting ordnance
*EV`21Tech coca§gudantefar build ingowners/manage+stafatdrote InEVdAargmy.r axNcfureinstallationsrmexrsvngb:n[dings
5- is Exetrg budding electriRcatron edu Eats. program
* E-6: Residential, single -I arnaly Mine energy conservation requirements
* Sd: liome energy rating and disclosure ordinance
*A-11; Develop assistarre progra m that helps residents, particularly km -income, to pursue (knew aetian
*EV3: Partner oath major eiraSkiyeri to InstaA EV diargets vn parking 1at5/garages.
Primary Benefits - Emissions Reduction Score
• Interaction Score
4 € 8 10
12 14 16
*G-1: Red 51e clty employee commuting emissions
*PSI Cammerci al budding energy canserveta.n ordinance at point of saleylease
G-7: Adopt transportation and management ardinanee to require cerdam employers/developers to reduce single-occup.t...
G-S: Budd upon Besting trangl *rented development poi.UPs in Miami2l
*EV-d: tl alld on EV capabridy Drffina ce to requ Ire EV dvager inn !ablation in new developments starting in 2025-
EV-4, Evaluate Implementing an electric vehicle -sharing program within neighborhoodswhh low ea r ownership.
Gdr Esididish parWrg disincentivm
E 4: Provide lncenlive lot 5nslwth.i arms to use locally -sowed materials with rawembediedcarboh and high eff kienqi butanes.
1 Starred actions are prioritized actions
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■ Health and Wellbeing
Figure B2 —Action Evaluation — Top Co-Benetit Score Actionsz
■ Environment
Co -benefits Criteria Score
■ Economic Prosperity Essential Public Services
-4 0
* G.2: Callabpale with Alien. Cede Cowity and be#I adwcasq grips to implement the tierce Mager Plan Ind eope: ding Me number or protected, green bikeway1,
*S-e: ResiidentiaR single-family home energy conservation requirements
Gd: Oeuracp a iroNey Masler PI an including a lore -term vision for the program and route kipdatee.
* Expand micro mobility options throughout the entire city including C,Ubikes,scooters, and electric bikes-
*A-11: Develop asusbance program [hat helps residents, pardo iladykiw-eucoxne, to pursue cremate action
Est: Work with partner enbb es to create bus lanes in stra1egrc, key candor&
0-10: Improve pedestrian experience and sal ety through investments in sidewalks, especially in LW meas.
A$: Help restaurants arsd bus.nesrm reduce their waste stream by con reeling them with resaanes in reduceSingle use plastic, Integrate composting, and reo.wer and...
0•9; Work odh MomI-Dade Eau My arid lentil.advoWey ghOopx W .hdre9Se Ltiklaton4f pubic IranSit
* EV-9; Adopt EV policy to electrify 1W0% or public vehicle r leeL: inclu ding trolleys, try 2035
*E•2: Improve public benefits and green buildingstracking to oKr ease program pan icipatnn and impact
* R-4: provide policy and firfardwt inCW.Wlves fix pr•wate sal or rn5tdlat ides camsi9errvg afforadab le tsous.ng ow•rrers
* E-5: Commercial building energy performance standard ordinance
EV-5: Partner with existing elecint vehicle inn -profits to promote public aworeriess evs, espeo all y addressing law -income drivers
G-7. Adopt tra importation demand murarement ordnance to require certain employers/developers to reduce suigleaccupant r elide use
* Ev-9: Evaluate implements g an electric vehicle-shanng program within neighborhoods with low car owner9np-
*E--5: retake al I rhos -emergency energy use in existing public h u/dirgs carbon —free by 2015.
* EVA: Budd on EV Capabil rty Ordinance to redu ire EV charger installations in new developments starring in 2025,
*EV-3; partner with mayor employers to install CV chargers in parking lots/garages.
* Cs-1; Reduce city employee commuting emissions
* E-3; New public building le achieve zero net energy standard s starting in 2025
* E-S; Comnaevtial building energy CCoServatidn ordinan{eat pant Ot salerlease
A-12: E4ablirnh censtrµtbon and demorigon waste dwersign requirements.
* E-1: Commercial build rng bendy -narking and reportng ordinance
Anode lean ewes for ccored ru5tion firms CO use iotally-soursed maker its with Iow-envbcd ie.d carbon and high efficiency frxturel-
R-5: Existing broke g electrification education program
* E-1= HCrne energy rating a nit disclosure ordinance
6-5: Burnt upon existing transd-0rhented development potrues in Mianu2l
E-7: Develop energy reduction targets fox City of M%anrl nwnKrpd Ixakiugs.
A-4; Train Oty staff on climate change
2 Starred actions are prioritized actions
2
• Inclusivity and Civil Society
4 6
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Figure 83 —Action Evaluation —Top Feasibility Score Actions3
Feasibility Criteria Score
in Authority ■ Support ■ Financing and Funding Technology
-3 -2 •1 0 1 2 3 4 5
R-3. Promote community part[ipabon is FPL SS0.1T0gedter program, ccpeciaihr among renters
* EV-2. Technical guidance for bolding vxrcrs/managor, to facilitate in EV cherpog inicestruchrre ern tellat.sns m edstirg bushings
ENS: Evaluate Irnplementrng an electric vehldeshanng program within neighborhoods with lowcarownership.
A.9:: Lobby for climate.forward polio. at the state and federal lend.
.46: Impel:we recytting Notificaton and reduce cenlantir 11tion
E-8Provide ncrn7yes for construction firrrmsto use BACAIfy-ywrcnd malenols wil'h 7uwnmbodind carbon and high derryfi tares.
Mg: Help restaurants and businesses reduce their waste stream by conned.rg them w,th resources to reduce smgfe use plastic, ategrate composting, and recover and...
* Rd. Provide pallet, and financial orentives[or private sale r inctaFinlions nonsdertng aft oredahle housing owners
*EV-1. Develop City FV ehlrging Master Plan
EV-5: Partner with eonl ng electric vehicle non -profits to promote public awareness En- especially addresung low-income dowers
Au3: Train City staffon climate change
R-11 Eostlrg building elecuifcation edicatian program
E-7- Develop energy redwc0Pn Wiles fur City Pei Miamim no pal buildings
A-L3: Dewlap end -of-lde req,mremmts for solar PV and Wier relevant renewablenxrgy technologies, including battery storage
A-10: Advocate for climate -forward pokes from FPL
G-5. &did upon eristingtransitoneraeddnoelopnentodic in in liranai21
EV-7- Evaluate pre putentral tP rrnpderr.ynt a IPw enaaNPn some at the urban Pare
G-6: Establish parkengdislncertweo
i.3: len element green and sestairable spenal events program.
G9: Work with 1tiami-Dade Co.rstyand beet advocacy groups to inuease rniteution of punks transit
Evil- Investigate -the feasibility Of interns c0mbu-Lice engine phase PVS poIrC}I
a .• A-7: Work wrth community composting organiatiens to maeasetwtaehold composting.
TraitC.ty employees al emerging ma -Arent and sustainable boildngi inib3tivers and tetf 3mil pn uathadng solar RVs, errergy.thstage, EV [Era ding, energy..
* G-1:. Reduce ury employee commuting nnruiuns
* Ev-0: Partner with molar engioyers West/ill Ev chargers in park.ng IP6}garages
* E-2: improve public benefits and green buildings basking tp increase program psrutlpatise and Impact
*G-3. Esperrd aide -Motility op ham threuglaout the entice eny including Cihbikes, scooters, and der Eric bikes.
* f•3: New public buldrngs to achieve re ra net energy standards starling n 202S
* R•1: Etartnrg in 2Q22, man -eau new br►Idm[R tube solar a' storage ready.
* A-1: Imogene city data on waste streaPts and d6uosal. Establ6ha per capital waste goaL
3 Starred actions are prioritized actions
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Implementation Roadmap Introduction
Miami used the C40 Cities Action Selection and Prioritization (ASAP) tool to evaluate individual actions'
relative emissions reduction potential and their impact on nine co -benefit and feasibility criteria. The
GHG reduction scores were based local city data, relevant studies, and results from similar action
implementation to evaluate their emissions reduction potential. The co -benefit and
feasibility evaluation criteria were developed to align with community and City priorities (see Appendix
B for more information).
The results of the ASAP evaluation were then used to prioritize 20 actions which will help the City:
• Highlight actions that would benefit from deeper analysis in the implementation roadmap
• Sequence first actions that are foundational to our success
• Elevate actions the City must move on in the next 3 years
• Identify action leads and partner departments and outside entities
• Create a short-term workplan
Seven building energy efficiency actions and five electric vehicle actions were prioritized due to their
high level of direct GHG impact, city authority to implement, and co -benefits to residents. The remaining
actions address carbon -free energy (two actions), mobility (three actions), and additional enabling
actions (three actions). Fewer actions were prioritized in these categories because they do not result in
large direct GHG reduction impacts or are promoting actions that fall primarily outside of the City's
direct control, like advocacy for transportation infrastructure improvements.
The Implementation Roadmap (Roadmap) supports monitoring and evaluation of the 20 prioritized
actions in the GHG Reduction Plan. The Roadmap was developed with input collected through multiple
departmental interviews to identify the primary steps for successful action implementation to make
significant progress in the next three to five years. It identifies lead entities, partners, implementation
milestones, corresponding GHG Plan sub -goals, action baseline status, implementation metrics, initial
funding needs, and staffing needs for each of the prioritized actions.
This Roadmap will help improve the City's ability to manage and implement the GHG Reduction Plan.
The City will provide updates on these actions at least every two years as part of the GHG Inventory
process.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Acronyms
ACS — American Community Survey
DoIT— Department of Innovation and Technology
DREAM — Department of Real Estate Asset Management
FDOT— Florida Department of Transportation
GSA — General Services Administration
MPA— Miami Parking Authority
PZAB — Planning, Zoning, and Appeals Board
RPW — Resilience and Public Works
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G-1
Action # and Title:
G-1: Reduce emissions for City employee commute.
Action Details:
COVID-19 demonstrated that working remotely is possible and
effective for City employees and some local businesses. The City
should continue to permit employees to work from home and
monitor participation. Additional measures to consider would be
improving public transit benefits and implementing a parking fee.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Human Resources
Partners
All City departments
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Centralize data from work from home pilot program.
2. Coordinate a Commute to Work survey for City employees to
determine additional areas of opportunity.
3. Evaluate union -related concerns (if any) and work to develop
solutions.
4. Ensure reducing employee commute is a consideration for
new administrative building project.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
15% shift away from private vehicle trips compared to 2018
levels by 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
% of
employees that
are eligible for
work from
home
N/A
Include total
employees
2021, Human
Resources
of all
employees that
participate in
partial work
from home
N/A
Include total
employees
2021, Human
Resources
City employees
commute to
work mode
split
N/A
Will need to
survey
employees
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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G-2
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -Dade County and local advocacy groups
to increase utilization of biking as a transit method by implementing
Action # and Title:
the Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the number of protected,
green bikeways.
As the County controls most public streets, collaboration is necessary
for Miami to implement its Bicycle Master Plan. This action includes
Action Details:
greening the bicycle network and installing shade, water fountains,
and bike repair infrastructure along bike paths to improve rider
comfort and safety.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
Planning, Transit Alliance, Miami -Dade County, FDOT, developers
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Release updated Bike Master Plan. Socialize updated Master
Plan with developers, non -profits and other stakeholders.
2. Integrate Bike Master Plan with City Capital Plan.
3. Define City preferences roadway updates (e.g., shading, bike
lanes, etc).
4. Create transit -oriented development bike extension policy
5. Update City's application to League of American Bicyclists Bike
Friendly Communities program.
6. City to consider playing more active role in bike community
through committee participation and other methods of
support.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
15% shift away from private vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels by
2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Miles of
dedicated bike
lane
30.3
Not sharrows
2021, RPW
Transportation
Division
Commuter trips
by bike
0.9%
2019, ACS 5-
year
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
• Capital funds dedicated to creating new and maintaining
existing bike lanes
• Marketing and public service announcements on bike safety
and awareness
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Staffing Needs
• None
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G-3
Action # and Title:
G-3: Expand micromobility options throughout the entire city
including Citibikes, scooters, and electric bikes.
Action Details:
Currently, most micromobility options are concentrated in District 2
and safety concerns will need to be addressed prior to expanding.
This action can aid residents without cars and considers free service
for specific users.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
City Commissioners, Citibike, scooter vendors
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Improve enforcement mechanisms for safety violations -
shared enforcement across companies.
2. Improve perception of shared mobility programs with City
Commissioners.
3. Adopt ordinance approving expansion of scooter program
boundaries. Ensure other shared mobility programs are
permitted Citywide as well.
4. Continue to pilot scooter corrals. Expand use if successful.
5. Work with Citibikes and County to recommend locations for
new Citibike stations.
6. Align shared mobility expansions with bike network
improvements.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG
Plan Sub-goal(s)
15% shift away from private vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels by
2035
Implementation Metrics
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
and Baseline (most
recent data)
Types of
micromobility
options available
in the City
3
docked bikes and
e-bikes, scooters
2021,
Transportation
Division of
RPW
Number of
Citibike stations
60
In the City of
Miami, some are
on private
property, most in
the right-of-way
2021,
Transportation
Division of
RPW
Number of
scooters
2021,
Transportation
Division of
RPW
Number of e-
bikes
100
Citi Bike
launching 100 e-
2021,
Transportation
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bikes within
overall area,
including Miami,
Miami Beach, Bal
Harbor
Division of
RPW
Districts in which
micromobility
programs are
available
1
District 2
2021,
Transportation
Division of
RPW
Commute trips by
bike
0.9%
2019 ACS 5-
year
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
•
Capital funds dedicated to creating new and maintaining
existing bike lanes
Marketing and public service announcements on safety and
awareness
Staffing Needs
•
Shared mobility programs needs a dedicated manager (part-
time)
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R-1
Action # and Title:
R-1: Starting in 2024, require all new buildings to be solar -ready and
storage -ready.
Action Details:
This requirement would also apply to existing buildings at the time of
substantial retrofit. In the future, the policy could be expanded to
require new buildings to install solar. Installing a storage -ready solar
system will reduce future battery installation costs.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building, developers, solar advocacy groups and installers, PACE
contractors
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Partner with solar advocacy group to review national best
practices and craft a draft ordinance. Highlight economic
benefits.
2. Review internally with relevant City departments. Consider
alignments with Miami21.
3. Socialize with Commissioners and development stakeholders.
Make adjustments as needed.
4. Bring ordinance to Commission. Will need two readings.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
100% carbon -free electricity 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
% of new
buildings built
in [YEAR] that
are solar -ready
and storage -
ready
N/A
Building
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
R-4
Action # and Title:
R-4: Provide additional policy and financial incentives to encourage
private solar installations and identify incentives that would appeal to
owners of affordable housing.
Solar incentives are necessary to encourage residents and businesses
to voluntarily install solar. The City will need to engage the
development community to understand new areas of opportunity in
Action Details:
the Zoning code as the City already has solar friendly permitting. In
addition, the City can promote existing financing pathways including
Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE), Solar and Energy Loan Fund
(SELF), and Solar United Neighbors (SUN) Co-op.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building, developers, SolSmart, solar advocacy groups and installers,
PACE contractors
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-6 years (by end of 2026)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Complete SolSmart certification.
2. Partner with solar advocacy group to review national best
practices and determine recommendations.
3. Leverage existing building/development advisory groups to
seek feedback and ideas for incentives.
4. Collect feedback and craft ordinance proposing a set of solar
incentives.
5. Improve internal data collection of installed solar.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG
Plan Sub-goal(s)
100% carbon -free electricity by 2035
Implementation
Metrics and Baseline
(most recent data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of solar
permits granted
N/A
Building
Per capita
solar PV (watts
DC per person)
9.99
Shining Cities
per capita solar
PV rank: 53
Environment
America Shining
Cities 2020
report'
Total installed
solar PV
(MW DC)
4.7
Shining Cities
total solar PV
rank: 52
Environment
America Shining
Cities 2020
report
1 https://environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Shining-Cities-2020/EA_Shining_Cities_scrn.pdf
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Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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EV-1
Action # and Title:
EV-1: Develop EV Master Plan to support the growth of electric
vehicle ownership.
Action Details:
A Master Plan would help the City anticipate and support the growing
electric vehicle market. Through this process the City would develop
private sector partners, policies, metrics, and an expanded charger
network map. Overall, this plan should help the City understand what
supporting infrastructure is needed and where.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
MPA, GSA, FPL, Tesla, EV charging companies, Electrification Coalition,
EV advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Conduct research on Miami's EV market: growth projections,
owner geography, gap analysis of existing EV charger
infrastructure, car dealerships that sell EVs, etc.
2. Establish public -private working group to recommend timing
and location of charging infrastructure expansion on City and
private properties. Evaluate needs for other support such as
policies and tools such as adding EV charging to environmental
impact assessment criteria and developing a substantial
improvement clause.
3. Create and publish EV Charging Master Plan with map.
4. Seek partnerships and funding for installation of charging
infrastructure.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Total # of EV
chargers in the
City
N/A
Total # of EV
chargers on
City -owned
property
16
Miami Parking
Authority and
GSA, 2021
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Consultant potentially needed for market research
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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EV-2
Action # and Title:
EV-2: Develop technical guidance for building owners/managers to
facilitate in EV charging infrastructure installations in existing
buildings.
Action Details:
Technical barriers to installing EV chargers can be overcome with the
proper guidance and troubleshooting related to common building
types/challenges in Miami. Additional guidance will be provided to
help private fleets transition to EVs.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
Building, Planning, EV charging companies, EV advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Source existing technical guides.
2. Seek partnership with private buildings and businesses
interested in installing EV chargers to understand their
questions and concerns.
3. Speak with existing EV installers about common questions and
concerns.
4. Determine methods to address with relevant Building and
Planning staff.
5. Develop and promote web -based and downloadable guidance.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of EV charger
permits
granted in
[YEAR]
N/A
Building
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Temp special projects coordinator or consultant to lead
development
•
City needs an electric vehicles subject matter expert
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EV-3
Action # and Title:
EV-3: Partner with major employers and multifamily building owners
to install EV chargers in parking lots/garages.
Action Details:
Key employers include hospitals, banks, universities, and more. The
City can provide free and/or expedited permitting.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
Planning, Building, large employers, EV charging companies
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Seek partnership with private buildings and businesses
interested in installing EV chargers.
2. Connect partners with local EV charging companies.
3. Pilot technical guidance materials and other project facilitating
products.
4. Consider how projects can partner with Opportunity Center.
5. Promote partners and elevate them as green champions.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Total # of EV
chargers in the
City
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Temp special projects coordinator or consultant to lead
development
•
City needs an electric vehicles subject matter expert
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EV-4
Action # and Title:
EV-4: Build on EV Capability Ordinance to require EV charger
installations in new developments starting in 2025.
Action Details:
The current EV Capability Ordinance requires new construction over a
certain size to install EV-ready spaces for 20% of new off-street
parking. Miami could expand upon this ordinance to require the
installation of EV chargers.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building, Zoning, developers, EV advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
Sequence ordinance updates: EV Ready (plug-in ready) and then EV
Charger requirement. For each ordinance update, the following steps
must occur:
1. Partner with EV advocacy group to review national best
practices and craft text amendment. Understand financial
commitment.
2. Craft text amendment to existing ordinance and review
internally with Planning, Building, and Zoning to ensure
enforcement.
3. Socialize with Commissioners and development stakeholders.
Make adjustments as needed.
4. Finalized text amendment is put out for public comment, then
goes to PZAB, and finally will have two reading at City
Commission.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG
Plan Sub-goal(s)
40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Implementation
Metrics and Baseline
(most recent data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Current new
parking EV
charger
requirement
EV capable
Planning,
2021
# of EV capable
spots created
since
ordinance
passed
N/A
Ordinance 13943
requiring 20% of
new off-street
parking to be EV
capable passed in
November 2020
Building
# of EV charger
permits
N/A
Building
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granted in
[YEAR]
Total # of EV
chargers in the
City
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Potential new position needed to enforce green building
ordinances
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EV-6
Action # and Title:
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public vehicle fleet, including trolleys by 2035.
Action Details:
The City will work with the Electrification Coalition and other
technical support teams to develop an EV transition plan. The City will
develop information on lessons learned through this process to share
with private fleet managers. Emergency response vehicles have been
excluded in the near -term, but they will upgrade when feasible.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
GSA
Partners
Procurement, RPW, Police, Solid Waste, Fire, Electrification Coalition,
EV advocacy organizations
Phase
Phase 3: significant progress in 7 or more years (2027 and beyond)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Install additional EV chargers at City facilities to support
increased City fleet charging needs.
2. Work with Electrification Coalition and other EV advocacy
organizations as well as relevant City departments to develop
procurement policy and fleet transition plan.
3. Propose Commission procurement policy that requires
consideration of electric vehicles for City fleet purchases.
4. Review City union contracts to identify opportunities for EV
procurement.
5. Train GSA staff to conduct maintenance on electric vehicles.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG
Plan Sub-goal(s)
40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most
Metric
Baseline
Value
Details
Source
recent data)
% of total fleet
vehicles that are
electric
0%
General Fleet: 730
vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 107 Hybrid
vehicles.
GSA, 2021
Marked Police: 1,300
vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 0 hybrid
vehicles.
Administrative Police:
357 vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 124 hybrid
vehicles.
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Other Police: 201
vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 0 hybrid
vehicles.
Heavy Fleet: 436
vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 0 hybrid
vehicles.
of trolleys
that are electric
0%
City has 54 trolleys, 12
owned by County.
RPW, 2021
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Hire a company to provide training or tuition reimbursement
for EV maintenance courses for GSA staff.
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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E-1
E-1: Implement Building Efficiency 305 (BE305) program requiring
Action # and Title:
energy benchmarking and disclosure for commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of Miami municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft.
Tracking and reporting energy consumption is the first step to
understanding GHG reduction opportunities in buildings. Larger
Action Details:
buildings produce a higher percentage of GHG emissions, so they are
targeted through these actions. Implementation would include the
education and training of building owners.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
GSA, DREAM
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Assign staff to oversee the program and train new hires.
2. Create standard operating procedures for program and finalize
internal rule making
3. Develop outreach materials
4. Benchmark applicable City buildings
5. Create guidance on public disclosure for property owners and
City staff
6. Integrate program with iBuild
7. Work with FPL on automatic energy data collection
8. Launch online program portal
9. Begin notifying covered building owners of compliance
timeline, requirements, and resources
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of buildings
reporting
energy use
N/A
Buildings are
required to
start reporting
energy use in
2023
Building
Average energy
use OR
emissions
intensity for
participating
buildings
N/A
Buildings are
required to
start reporting
energy use in
2023
Building
of covered
residential
N/A
Buildings are
required to
Building
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square footage
benchmarked
start reporting
energy use in
2023
of covered
commercial
square footage
benchmarked
N/A
Buildings are
required to
start reporting
energy use in
Building
2023
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Funding for four positions
•
IT funding for website/disclosure (multi -year capital)
Staffing Needs
•
Four additional staff for BE305
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E-2
Action # and Title:
E-2: Improve public benefits and green buildings tracking to increase
program participation and impact.
Action Details:
Currently, there is a lack of centralized information about LEED
certified buildings, cool roofs, installed rooftop solar and more that
can help the City understand how the built environment is responding
to climate change. We need to understand the impact and
implementation of our current policies if green building requirements
are to expand.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Identify green public benefits, building code requirements,
and optional incentives that the City could better track.
2. Define metrics and check -in milestones for tracking via ePlan,
special permits, and other relevant methods.
3. Determine if process updates need to occur to keep tracking
streamlined.
4. Determine if increased enforcement and compliance is needed
for any of the identified green enhancements.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Total # of LEED-
certified
buildings
N/A
Consolidation
of Public
Benefits
covenants
underway.
Planning
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Consultant potentially needed to help with process
optimization
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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E-3
Action # and Title:
E-3: Require all new public buildings to be built to zero net energy
standards starting in 2025.
Action Details:
Requiring all -electric, zero net energy new public building
construction would help demonstrate the feasibility of net zero
construction in Miami and allow the City to lead by example.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
GSA, DREAM, Building, Parks, green building advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Partner with a green building advocacy group to research net
zero building standards and certifications. Determine
anticipated financial difference in building to net zero
standards.
2. Investigate what new buildings/major renovations are in the
pipeline and which departments are involved.
3. Educate department Directors and administrative staff on
proposed new standards and benefits.
4. Propose ordinance updating City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of City public
buildings built
to zero net
energy
standards
0
City of Miami,
2021
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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E-4
Action # and Title:
E-4: Adopt a residential, single-family home energy rating and
disclosure ordinance.
Action Details:
A home energy rating identifies opportunities for energy
improvement to homeowners and sends market signals about the
benefits of building efficiency. Low-income populations will need
financial assistance to improve their ratings.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
Code Compliance, Legal, Realtors Association, Miami -Dade County,
energy efficiency advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Research existing programs and develop model program.
2. Speak with Legal Dept to determine how disclosure can be
required. Consider packaging with proposed home inspection
program.
3. Socialize concept with industry groups such as Realtors
Association and City staff.
4. Determine alignment with Miami -Dade County on other point
of sale disclosures such as floodplain.
5. Propose ordinance to the City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of qualifying
homes that
participate
N/A
Average EUI or
emissions
intensity for all
participating
homes
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Initiative would need a dedicated program manager (similar to
BE305 program)
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E-5
Action # and Title:
E-5: Adopt building performance standard for commercial, multi -
family residential, and City of Miami municipal buildings over 20,000
sq. ft.
Action Details:
Implementing an energy or emission performance standard is the
next step after adopting a benchmarking and reporting ordinance.
Large building owners will be required to meet energy or GHG
reduction targets over a set period. Compliance measures can include
periodic audits and retro-commissioning. Certain performance
requirements could also be met at point of sale or lease. Fines can be
implemented for non -compliant buildings that can be used to help
fund retrofits, audits, retro-commissioning, etc.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
GSA, DREAM, Planning, local non-profit organizations
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-6 years (by end of 2026)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Complete one cycle of 6E305 prior to developing performance
targets.
2. Pilot a voluntary program to identify implementation and
participation roadblocks.
3. Produce a case study on building performance standards from
participants in pilot program.
4. Develop building performance targets, including a timeline,
based on carbon neutrality goals, city-wide benchmarking
results, and results of pilot program.
5. Propose ordinance to the City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of buildings
participating in
performance
standards
N/A
Building
Average energy
use OR
emissions
intensity for
participating
buildings
N/A
Building
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Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed - use same staff as 6E305
E-6
Action # and Title:
E-6: Establish residential, single-family home energy conservation
requirements.
Action Details:
Residential property owners would be required to make energy
conservation improvements in their homes, potentially at the point of
property sale or lease. Implementation could include a prescriptive
list of improvements, a list of options for user selection, and/or a
maximum investment threshold. Low-income populations will need
financial assistance to help with compliance. Similar policies, called
Residential Energy Conservation Ordinances (RECOs), have been
passed in other cities.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
Code Compliance, Legal, Realtors Association, Miami -Dade County,
energy efficiency advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-6 years (by end of 2026)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Research existing programs and develop model program with
the assistance of technical advisors.
2. Determine timing and method of enforcement. Align with
BE305 performance standards.
3. Socialize concept with industry groups such as Realtors
Association and City staff.
4. Propose ordinance to the City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of qualifying
homes that
participate
N/A
Average EUI or
emissions
intensity before
and after
improvements
for all
N/A
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participating
homes
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Initiative will need dedicated program staff
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E-9
E-9: Make all non -emergency energy use in existing public buildings
Action # and Title:
carbon -free by 2035. Explore and adopt as much carbon -free
emergency energy generation and storage as possible.
Energy assets will be inventoried with feasibility analysis for carbon -
free replacements, and appliance/equipment replacements will be
Action Details:
planned in the capital spending budget. As the City has leased many
of its buildings, green initiatives in lease agreements can be
considered.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
GSA
Partners
DREAM, OCI, Legal, electrification advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 3: significant progress in 7 or more years (2027 and beyond)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Inventory natural gas assets and buildings using utility bills as a
lead.
2. Determine end of useful life of existing equipment.
3. Evaluate relative costs and efficiency of electric appliances.
Determine if procurement policy is needed.
4. Develop phase out plan.
*Note: City plans to join FPL Solar Together program to purchase
electricity for City buildings from utility -grade solar
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
On -site natural
gas use in City
buildings
(therms)
2,644,270
Collected as
part of 2018
GHG Inventory
TECO, 2018
Average EUI or
emissions
intensity for all
participating
City buildings
N/A
GSA, DREAM
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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A-1
Action # and Title:
A-1: Improve city data on waste streams and disposal. Establish a per
capita waste goal.
Action Details:
To better understand opportunities for waste reduction, the City will
need an updated waste stream characterization study and data from
private haulers who service multi -family buildings and commercial
businesses.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Solid Waste
Partners
DolT, Private waste haulers
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Identify data gaps in City collected waste and from private
haulers.
2. Collect contact information for all approved City waste
haulers. Discuss what data they could be sharing with the City
now and pathways to meet asks that cannot be met in the
short-term.
3. Review contracts for private waste haulers. Determine
renewal timelines and areas of enhancement regarding data
sharing.
4. Enhance processes for collecting and analyzing collected data,
especially data incoming from external parties.
5. Establish per capita waste goals once significant baseline data
has been collected (roughly by 2025).
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
All GHG Plan Goals
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Total waste
collected in
[YEAR] (tons)
492,718
Correct value
found in 2018
GHG Inventory
Appendix I
(Methodology)
Solid Waste,
2018
Waste per
capita in [YEAR]
(tons)
1.09
City population
was 451,214 in
2018
Solid Waste,
2018
waste
diverted to
recycling
N/A
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Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Temp or consultant could assist with data collection and
streamlining
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A-2
Action # and Title:
A-2: Train City employees on emerging resilient and sustainable
buildings initiatives and technologies including solar PVs, energy
storage, EV charging, energy efficiency, electrification, and climate
adaptation policies.
Action Details:
City staff need to be familiar with green and resilient building
practices in order to facilitate permitting and sustainable
development. The City will evaluate initial areas of opportunity based
on history of permits and current policies.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Buildings
Partners
Planning, GSA, RPW, green building technical advisors
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Review City plans, incoming permits (iBuild), and call center
subjects to determine training needs and priorities.
2. Source training for employees.
3. Set up training for Building department Call Center employees.
4. Set up training for Building Service Assistants and other
positions.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
All GHG Plan Goals
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of green
buildings
trainings
hosted for City
staff
N/A
# of training
participants
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Green buildings training budget for City staff
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed — intention is to train existing
staff
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A-11
Action # and Title:
A-11: Develop a financial and technical assistance program that helps
residents, particularly low-income, to pursue climate action.
Action Details:
This action includes education, investigating financial mechanisms
and revenue streams to fund incentives and rebates, and technical
support. The City will work across departments to develop easily
accessible guidance that span carbon mitigation and climate
resilience.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
Housing and Community Development, Building
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-6 years (by end of 2026)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Create a hub on website for all green building guidance.
2. Develop list of housing improvements and funding thresholds
for future grant programs.
3. Expand Keep Safe tool to include single family homes.
4. Produce video series about green home improvements and/or
find local Youtubers for collaboration.
5. Research funding programs in other cities and determine if
possible to create a regenerating fund.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
All GHG Plan Goals
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
$ allocated to
residents to
take climate
action
N/A
This will include
direct grants
and loans for
mitigation and
adaptation
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Grant funds to disperse to residents
•
Seed funding to create a revolving loan fund (potentially)
Staffing Needs
•
If program expands to citywide single-family homes, will need
dedicated staff
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Appendix D —GHG Targets, Calculators, and Inputs
This chapter provides additional information that was considered when defining Miami's interim GHG
reduction target, a description of modifications made to the original solid waste emissions estimates, as
well as documentation for the GHG calculator inputs used in the Pathways tool when defining the city's
GHG reduction scenario.
Interim Target -Setting Considerations
Selecting an appropriate interim GHG target that supports the City's longer -term carbon neutrality goal
was informed, in part, by the 2018 United Nation's International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special
Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR15), which outlines the need for global emissions to drop at least
45% by 2030 to keep warming to 1.5°C.1 It also included C40's 2016 report Deadline 2020,2 which
focuses on the need for cities to accelerate action with ambitious interim targets, and assigns categories
based on GHG emissions and economic thresholds to help cities plan a "fair -share" of global reductions
toward an average per capita emissions of 2.9 MT CO2e by 2030.
To determine the interim 2035 target, the City first analyzed its assigned Deadline 2020 trajectory and
reviewed the feasibility of the strategies needed to achieve the target. The recommended "steep
decline" in emissions would require a rapid and dramatic increase in use of public transit and bicycles,
conversion of nearly all vehicles to electric, massive reduction in energy use in buildings, and a
completely carbon -free energy sector including total phase out of natural gas. The City's lack of
foundational policies and programs, limited legislative jurisdiction, and inability to financially support
adoption of new technologies determined that the goal was not realistic. The current interim target
established in the plan (i.e., 60% reduction below 2018 levels by 2035) reflects goals and strategies that
the City feels are ambitious, yet achievable based on existing federal and state law, the city's authority,
and market forces. The City will work to implement this plan and add to the City's goals as momentum is
established and learning can inform future planning.
Based on Miami's population projections, the City's 2035 target would result in per capita emissions of
about 2.0 MT CO2e per person in 2035. This Plan, and its 2035 target, qualifies City of Miami to join the
471 cities, 23 regions, 1,675 businesses, 85 large investors, and 569 universities (as of 2021) worldwide
participating in the UN Race to Zero campaign.' The interim target was defined to balance science -
based, fair -share reduction goals with the City's jurisdiction, to create a target that is a legitimate
steppingstone toward long-term carbon neutrality. Achieving this interim target will ensure Miami is on
track to meet the Paris Climate Agreement goals and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. As this is the
City's first GHG Plan, we will also continue to evaluate and pursue more aggressive climate action during
plan implementation and strive to exceed our established target years.
1 https://www.globalcovenantofmayors.org/wp-
content/uploads/2019/09/2327_For_cities_by_cities_v18_1.original.pdf
2 https://www.c40.org/researches/deadline-2020
3 https://unfccc.int/climate-action/race-to-zero-campaign
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Solid Waste
The 150,000 tCO2e created by incinerating Miami's solid waste to create electricity (documented in the
2018 inventory) should be categorized as energy sent to the grid in the stationary emissions sector (per
the GPC GHG inventory protocol) because this waste is combusted to produce energy that jurisdictions
then consume as electricity. The other 40,000 tCO2e estimated in the original inventory was
miscalculated, attributing characteristics of municipal solid waste to the residue that is created by the
waste -to -energy incineration process. Unlike municipal solid waste, that residue does not have carbon
content that could decompose in a landfill environment to generate additional greenhouse gas
emissions; it is an inert material in relation to greenhouse gas emissions when sent to landfill. Therefore,
those original emissions estimates were removed from the GHG planning process in this plan.
Pathways Inputs and Assumptions
The following table documents the GHG calculator inputs used in the Pathways tool to develop Miami's
final GHG reduction scenario. The relevant GHG strategies are listed in the first column, GHG calculator
implementation assumptions for 2035 and 2050 are shown in the second and third columns, and
general implementation assumptions, where relevant, are shown in the fourth column. Note that
information is provided as it appears in the Pathways tool, and in most instances is describing the
changes to occur from the 2018 base year conditions included in the model.
Strategy Implementation in 2035 Implementation in 2050 Assumptions
Grid
Decarbonization
New construction
— efficiency
(Commercial)
100% Renewable Energy
100% Renewable Energy
• 100% LED Lighting
• 29% of new space
heaters are electric;
71% of new space
heaters are high -
efficiency natural gas
boilers
• 100% of new cooling
systems are electric
heat pumps
• 5% of new water
heaters are electric
heat pumps; 95% of
new water heaters
• 100% LED Lighting
• 40% of new space
heaters are
electric; 60% of
new space heaters
are high -efficiency
natural gas boilers
• 100% of new
cooling systems
are electric heat
pumps
• 20% of new water
heaters are electric
heat pumps; 80%
of new water
Biden Administration
Executive Order: Build
a carbon pollution -free
electricity sector by
20354
N/A
4 https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-
climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/
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Strategy
Implementation in 2035
Implementation in 2050
Assumptions
are high -efficiency
natural gas boilers
15% of new stoves are
electric; 85% of new stoves
are natural gas
heaters are high -
efficiency natural
gas boilers
28% of new stoves are
electric; 72% of new
stoves are natural gas
New construction
— efficiency
(Residential)
• 100% LED Lighting
• 100% of new space
heater are electric
• 100% of new cooling
systems are electric
• 83% of new water
heaters are electric;
17% of new water
heaters are high -
efficiency natural gas
boilers
• 86% of new stoves
are electric; 14% of
new stoves are
natural gas
• 100% LED Lighting
• 100% of new space
heater are electric
• 100% of new
cooling systems
are electric
• 86% of new water
heaters are
electric; 14% of
new water heaters
are high -efficiency
natural gas boilers
• 88% of new stoves
are electric; 12% of
new stoves are
natural gas
• N/A
Space cooling —
efficiency
(Commercial)
• Retrofit 40% of
systems to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 100% of
systems to electric
heat pumps
• Lifespan of typical
cooling systems is
roughly 20 years
• 100% of
equipment
owners with
electric systems
will voluntarily
increase
equipment
efficiency at end
of life
Space cooling —
efficiency
(Residential)
• Retrofit 40% of
systems to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 100% of
systems to electric
heat pumps
• Lifespan of typical
cooling systems is
roughly 20 years
• 100% of
equipment
owners with
electric systems
will voluntarily
increase
equipment
efficiency at end
of life
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Strategy
Implementation in 2035
Implementation in 2050
Assumptions
Space heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Commercial)
Space heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Residential)
Water Heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Commercial)
• Retrofit 7% of low -
efficiency natural gas
boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 40% of low -
efficiency natural gas
boilers to high -
efficiency natural gas
boilers
• Retrofit 100% of
existing electric
heaters with electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 7% low -
efficiency natural gas
boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 40% low -
efficiency natural gas
boilers to high -
efficiency natural gas
boilers
• Retrofit 14% of
low -efficiency
natural gas boilers
to electric heat
pumps
• Retrofit 65% of
low -efficiency
natural gas boilers
to high -efficiency
natural gas boilers
• Retrofit 100% of
existing electric
heaters with
electric heat
pumps
• Retrofit 100% of
existing electric
heaters with
electric heat
pumps
• Retrofit 14% low -
efficiency natural
gas boilers to
electric heat
pumps
• Retrofit 65% low -
efficiency natural
gas boilers to high -
efficiency natural
gas boilers
• Lifespan of
typical heating
systems is
roughly 20 years
• 10% of
equipment
owners will
voluntarily
electrify gas
equipment at end
of life
• 60% of
equipment
owners will
voluntarily
increase
equipment
efficiency at end
of life
• Lifespan of
typical heating
systems is
roughly 20 years
• 100% of
equipment
owners with
electric systems
will voluntarily
increase
equipment
efficiency at end
of life
• Lifespan of
typical water
heating systems
is roughly 20
years
• 10% of
equipment
owners will
voluntarily
electrify gas
equipment at end
of life
• 60% of
equipment
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TO ORIGINAL BACKUP ORIGINAL CAN
BE SEEN AT END OF THIS DOCUMENT.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Strategy
Implementation in 2035 Implementation in 2050
Assumptions
owners will
voluntarily
increase
equipment
efficiency at end
of life
Water Heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Residential)
• Retrofit 7% low -
efficiency natural gas
boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 11% low -
efficiency natural gas
boilers to solar hot
water heaters
• Retrofit 100% of
existing electric
heaters with electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 14% low -
efficiency natural
gas boilers to
electric heat
pumps
• Retrofit 28% low -
efficiency natural
gas boilers to solar
hot water heaters
• Retrofit 100% of
existing electric
heaters with
electric heat
pumps
• Lifespan of
typical water
heating systems
is roughly 20
years
• 10% of
equipment
owners will
voluntarily
electrify gas
equipment at end
of life
• 100% of
equipment
owners with
electric systems
will voluntarily
increase
equipment
efficiency at end
of life
Cooking —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Residential)
Note: No actions
for commercial
• Retrofit 7% of natural
gas stoves with
electric stoves
• Retrofit 14% of
natural gas stoves
with electric stoves
• Lifespan of
typical cooking
equipment is
roughly 20 years
• 10% of
equipment
owners will
voluntarily
electrify gas
equipment at end
of life
Mode shift —
walk/bike/transit
• 10% shift away from
passenger vehicle
trips to walking and
biking
• 16% shift away
from passenger
vehicle trips to
walking and biking
• Bloomberg
Electric Vehicle
Outlook 20205:
16% of all VMT
from shared
5 https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook-2020/
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TO ORIGINAL BACKUP ORIGINAL CAN
BE SEEN AT END OF THIS DOCUMENT.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Strategy
Implementation in 2035 Implementation in 2050
Assumptions
• 5% shift away from
passenger vehicle
trips to transit
• 8% shift away from
passenger vehicle
trips to transit
i
mobility usage by
2040
Passenger vehicle
— fuel
switch/efficiency
• 40% of passenger
vehicles, light -duty
trucks, and medium -
duty trucks are
electric
• 50% of passenger
vehicles, light -duty
trucks, and
medium -duty
trucks are electric
6 https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook-2020/
• Bloomberg
Electric Vehicle
Outlook 20206:
31% of world's
passenger cars
are electric by
2040
Page 150
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City of Miami Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan
and Pathway to Carbon Neutrality by 2050
MIAMI FOREVER
SUBSTITUTED.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Miami Forever Ca.on
Neutral
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Ian and Roadmap
to Carbon Neutrality by 2
Octob r 2021
Page 1
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral is the City's Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (GHG Plan) and i
roadmap to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 in the community, strengthen the local econ%my, and
enhance climate justice. The plan's primary focus is to directly reduce the source of GHG •missions to
get as close to zero emissions as possible. The plan is based on five overarching goals t .t support a
GREEN Miami and achievement of the City's GHG reduction targets:
• G — Getting Around Miami
• R — Renewable Energy
• E — Electric Vehicles
• E — Energy Efficiency
• N — New Economy
As the City emerges from the COVID-19 crisis, this GHG Plan and sta d actions provide opportunity for
the City's recovery to be green and just. GREEN actions will not on reduce GHG emissions but also
build our new economy!
In order to reach carbon neutrality by 2050 at latest and par 'cipate in the global effort to keep global
warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, we needed to set a baseline, develop a science -based interim
target, and engage key regional stakeholders. This Plan i focused on rapidly decreasing greenhouse gas
emissions from sources within City of Miami's jurisdic on, aiming to achieve a minimum 60% reduction
in emissions from 2018 levels by 2035.
The Case for Action
Human -caused GHG emissions from activitie Ike burning fossil fuels to produce electricity or driving
our cars are the primary contributors to gl. •al climate change. 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions
(the primary human -caused greenhouse as) come from cities, which means local governments must be
leaders in their commitment to ambit'. us actions that drastically reduce emissions to avoid the worst
impacts of climate change.' Miami 1 a low-lying, subtropical, coastal city, which makes it susceptible to
flooding due to sea level rise, imp cts from intensifying tropical storms, and extreme heat.' This
confluence of factors paired wi population density and exposed assets makes greater Miami one of
the most vulnerable areas to mate change in the world. However, with dedicated efforts and
investments to climate ada.tation and carbon mitigation, Miami can combat these climate challenges
and create a resilient an• sustainable city for all.
Miami's Greenh,•use Gas Reduction Commitments
In November 201•, Miami declared a climate emergency and committed to developing a GHG Reduction
Plan. In 2021, t - City adopted a resolution committing to the goal of reaching net zero emissions by
2050. On the rajectory to its net zero emissions by 2050 goal, the City set an interim target of 60%
reductions elow 2018 levels by 2035. These goals are for citywide emission reductions, which includes
www.c40.or wh cities
e details on Miami's vulnerabilities can be found in Resilient305 and Miami Forever Climate Ready
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SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
emissions from entities that operate within the City but are outside the City's direct control like certain
private businesses and some Miami -Dade County services.
The development of this GHG Plan was supported by C40 Cities, a global network of cities commi ed to
tackling climate change and increasing the economic and environmental wellbeing of their resi•ents.
Assistance was specifically provided by C40's climate planning team through its Climate Acti• Planning
Framework and was further supported with C40's technical resources, including a GHG sc= ario
planning tool (Pathways), action selection and prioritization tool (ASAP), and guidance f. setting
ambitious and achievable GHG reduction targets on the path to net zero. C40 memb cities use a
science -based approach and exchange best practices in taking the urgent and effecve actions needed
to address the climate crisis and keep global warming below 1.5°C.
Miami's Key Greenhouse Gas Reduction Actions
The City of Miami already has a history of climate action to reduce GHG e issions and prepare for and
respond to climate risks. Several recent examples include:
• MiPlan: The City's first Climate Action Plan and greenhous= gas inventory. MiPlan set out a goal
for the City to reduce GHG emissions by 25% below 200. evels by 2020. By 2018, the City had
reduced GHG emissions by —31%.
• City Building Retrofits: During the economic recess
million from the Energy Efficiency and Conservati
energy efficiency retrofits in City buildings. The
energy use. In addition, many of the City's o
• LEED Requirement for New Construction:
LEED silver requirement for all new con
and density bonuses for green buildi
requires cool roofs on most new c
urban heat island effect and low
• Miami 21: Miami21 became t
Zoning Code is a form -base
principles. Its passage fac
• Solar Incentives: Mia
installations. The Cit
Co-op and PACE fi
• Alternative Tra
over 5 millio
Plan, whic
micro-m
n in 2008, City of Miami received $4.7
n Block Grant Program (EECBG) to conduct
e retrofits resulted in significant reductions in
door lights have been upgraded to LEDs.
iami2l, Miami's form -based zoning code, includes a
ruction over 50,000 sq. ft. and expedited permitting
s to further incentivize sustainable building design. It also
struction and/or roof replacements to help reduce the
building cooling demand.
City's effective zoning code in February 2010. The Miami21
code guided by tenets of new urbanism and smart growth
stated the growth and densification of the urban core.
provides expedited permitting and waived permit fees for rooftop solar
also helps constituents afford solar through the Solar United Neighbors
ancing.
sportation: The City operates its own free trolley network with 13 routes and
rides provided per year. We are currently working to update the Bicycle Master
will help us create additional dedicated bike lanes. We also partner with private
ility programs, like Citibikes and dockless scooters.
• Resili: t305: Miami participated in a regional planning process to develop a comprehensive
str egy to tackle multiple emerging challenges, including climate change, urbanization, and
balization.
iami Forever Climate Ready: Miami's climate adaptation strategy to reduce climate risks to
the city and its communities, including impacts from flooding, extreme heat, and storms.
Google Environmental Insights Explorer Program: Google has chosen Miami as one of 100 cities
nationwide for which they will develop and provide advanced environmental data. This data will
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help improve the accuracy of future GHG inventories and planning efforts and includes datasets
such as an urban tree canopy and emissions from on -road transportation.
This document is one of three strategies guiding City of Miami climate resilience work and should
read in compliment with Resilient305 and Miami Forever Climate Ready.
Climate Justice
Climate justice begins with recognizing which groups are disproportionately impacted b the
environmental and economic consequences of climate change and that climate impa s can exacerbate
inequitable social conditions. Typically, those groups tend to be responsible for a re :tively low volume
of greenhouse gas emissions.
In Miami, climate justice communities are historically underinvested neighbo oods (which tend to be
inland), populated by individuals that are low-income, predominantly Blac and recent immigrants.
These neighborhoods tend to be viewed as less physically vulnerable to c mate change since flooding is
less common, but they are still vulnerable to climate impacts (hurrican , extreme heat, flooding,
pandemic, recession) and their residents are relatively more socially ulnerable than other parts of the
City. Neighborhoods of note in Miami include: Allapattah, Liberty y, Little Havana, Little Haiti/Ti Ayiti,
and Overtown.
Inequities experienced by residents of climate justice comm ities include:
• Utility burden
• Low car ownership rates
• Renters being pushed out of homes due to in reasing rent prices
• Uninsured or underinsured
• Prolonged exposure to extreme heat in .mes and worksites
• Lack of access to reliable and consiste public transportation
• Live paycheck to paycheck and cannafford hurricane supplies or to evacuate due to flooding
• Live more than 3 miles from close grocery store
Throughout the Plan development proess, consideration was given to how actions could have disparate
impact or benefits across the City a : explicit language and programmatic elements were added to seize
climate justice opportunities. This olistic view of climate action is vital in carrying out the City's vision to
create a more resilient, safe, a . vibrant Miami for all.
Growing Miami's Ne Green Economy & Green Workforce
Achieving Miami's targe of 60% reduction in GHG emissions by 2035 and 100% reduction by 2050,
coupled with adaptin o the increasing intensity and severity of weather events will require a
substantive transfo ation of the local economy. Critical to Miami Forever Carbon Neutral and
Resilient305, amg other City climate action commitments, is ensuring that local businesses and
residents econ' mically benefit from sustainability and resilience efforts. Prioritizing green investments —
those that s •port GHG mitigation and climate adaptation — will simultaneously facilitate economic
development and diversification, achieve GHG mitigation goals, and support climate justice priorities.
Defin?ng the new green economy
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The green economy is broadly defined as any group of businesses and organizations that use practices
that are significantly better in reducing the negative impact of human activity on the environment'
including those that mitigate or adapt to the impacts of climate change. Participants in the green new
economy can be divided into two groups — those that supply a green output, such as renewable
energy, climate mitigation services, electric vehicles, or mass transit, and those that consume a green
output, including traditional industry sectors like healthcare, hospitality, and government.
Miami's new green economy is defined as the businesses and organizations that are supporting the
realization of our climate action goals by facilitating access to the goods and services that are
essential to reducing the negative impact of human activity on the environment. Importantly, Miami's
new green economy realizes our climate justice goals by providing middle -skill, riving wage jobs,
creating demand for workforce training opportunities, and promoting econornic resilience for Miami's
socially vulnerable residents.
The scale of climate change impacts facing our community and the . tons needed to transition to a
healthy, climate -resilient future and a more sustainable, inclusive ' conomy are far too great for any one
economic sector to address alone. The public and private sector each have key roles to play in
positioning the local economy to be responsive to these stru ural changes and ensuring that the local
workforce is prepared for the new skills required by green 'Abs. Still, the public sector will play an
important role in creating and fostering an environment at is welcoming and conducive to growing
Miami's new green economy, similar to the role the Ci ' has played with the tech industry.
Appendix A provides an evaluation of Miami's curr nt green economy, including key industries and
assets, green industries that are poised for grow- , and occupations that will be positively and
negatively impacted by green economic grow . It concludes with actions the City can take to
complement its GREEN actions to grow the ' ew green economy and create inclusive economic
opportunity for our residents and worker while supporting the transition to a carbon -free future. These
actions support and further many obje► Ives established in Resilient305, including goals for building a
diverse, inclusive economy, creating outh career opportunities, buying local, and collaborating with
local universities. In Chapter 3, ac '. ns with new economy opportunities have been noted with "$$".
Community Engageme Process
In order to produce an equ able plan that represents all of Miami's stakeholders, significant effort was
made to inform and eng.:e the public throughout the development of this Plan. Monthly progress
updates were given th-.ughout the project development period at the Mayor's Resilience Action Forum,
an online, moderat-. dialogue between the public and City staff focused on climate resilience topics. In
addition to that s $ nding update, we had five different methods of collecting feedback. Throughout the
engagement pr.cess we surveyed to see what areas of the City were being represented and plan to
conduct foc red engagement in the underrepresented areas.
•
•.
en feedback
o We began to engage the public by publishing a project website
(www.miamigov.com/ghgplan) and inviting people to share both their ideas and
C40, C40 Green Economy & Innovation Forum webinar on measuring green jobs in cities, 2019.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
concerns about the proposed high-level topics the Plan addresses. For example,
increasing rooftop solar and reducing vehicle miles traveled. The survey was open f
one month and received 149 responses.
• Virtual workshops
o The City hosted three identical virtual workshops for the GHG reduction actions wherein
attendees were briefed on the Plan's goals, answered a survey on their co •enefit
criteria priorities, and shared their feedback on specific key actions the ' ity was
proposing for the Plan.
o The City hosted two virtual information sessions for the New Gree Economy report,
briefing participants about the content of the report and providi g a forum for
discussion and questions.
• Public draft review
o After the Plan's release on Earth Day 2021, the Plan was • t for public review for 30
days. Feedback was solicited via a form or through em.' for those who were interested
in giving more in-depth comments.
o The New Green Economy report was released in Sr •tember 2021 and was open for
public comment through the end of the month.
• Targeted meetings
o For key stakeholders and/or stakeholder gr%ups that were not represented in earlier
outreach efforts, focused meetings were eld to fill knowledge gaps and socialize the
plan. For example, through surveying e found that Overtown residents and
stakeholders had low representatio in engagement efforts prior to the draft plan
release so we have scheduled a w rkshop with a community group to ensure their
voices are heard.
• Interviews
o For the new green econo ' analysis, we sought to pair quantitative jobs data with
qualitative anecdotes fr• professionals working and leading in sectors that are already
green or have emergi : opportunity. We hosted 13 stakeholder interviews via web calls
to understand their nique perspective and learn more about Miami's green economy
potential.
Prior to public engagement, t - Division of Resilience and Sustainability staff convened a series of
meetings with internal City aff to discuss existing and planned climate actions, as well as feasibility and
edits for proposed action This feedback was used to inform the emissions forecast and the draft list of
actions.
Throughout the pladevelopment process, the City collaborated and aligned actions, where strategic,
with Miami -Dad- ounty as they developed their Climate Action Strategy at the same time as the City.
GHG Plan •rganization
The GHG ' an is organized into the following four chapters and three technical appendices.
• C . pter 1— Introduction provides an overview of the purpose and context of the GHG Plan,
escribes Miami's new economy, and summarizes how community members were involved in Plan
development.
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• Chapter 2 — Greenhouse Gas Emissions Context and Targets describes technical aspects of Plan
development, including the city's 2018 GHG inventory, future year emissions forecasts, and G
reduction targets.
• Chapter 3 — Miami's GHG Actions presents the Plan's goals and actions needed to meet ta interim
2035 target and describes how the full list of Plan actions were prioritized to identify th' top 20 for
immediate implementation.
• Chapter 4 — Monitoring Progress and Next Steps provides a framework for how t City will track
and report progress on the Plan's GHG targets and prioritized actions. In addition, there is a brief
description of what approaches the City can take to address any remaining e ssions in 2050 to
demonstrate carbon neutrality.
• Appendix A — New Economy Report evaluates Miami's current new eco . my and identifies
strategies to grow the new economy and create inclusive economic opportunity for its residents and
workers while supporting the transition to a carbon -free future.
• Appendix B —Action Evaluation Results presents the full results o- the action evaluation process
used to identify the Plan's prioritized actions.
• Appendix C — Implementation Roadmap includes implement, ion next steps, City leads, community
partners, time frame, and tracking metrics for the Plan's pri•ritized actions.
• Appendix D — GHG Calculators and Inputs explains how e City's emission reduction pathway was
developed using the C40 Pathways tool and presents . able of Plan goals with corresponding GHG
calculators, technology -based strategy inputs, and G reductions.
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Chapter 2: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Context
Miami's 2018 GHG Inventory
A base year inventory establishes a starting point against which GHG Plan progress can be me sured.
Miami developed a 2018 base year inventory' that describes emissions resulting from differ nt activities
in our community, like driving cars, powering our homes and businesses, and treating our astewater.
This inventory follows global emissions accounting practices specifically designed to he • cities
understand how much and from where emissions are created in their communities. these inventories,
GHG emissions are typically reported as metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivale or MT CO2e. This
metric helps to reflect the relative strength of different greenhouse gases, such . s carbon dioxide,
methane, and nitrous oxide, in contributing to climate change. Miami followe• the U.S. Community
Protocol developed by ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability when ca ulating the 2018 base year
inventory.' This protocol helps ensure that cities calculate their GHG contbutions in a consistent and
transparent manner. Miami can also develop future inventories followi g the same protocol to support
an apples -to -apples comparison of emissions over time as one way t• monitor overall GHG Plan
progress.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Following this process, Miami accounted for the total annual G. G emissions resulting from operating
our buildings and vehicles, providing potable water, and trea ng our wastewater. Citywide emissions
totaled approximately 3.3 million MT CO2e in 2018, and as : own in Figure 2.1 the majority came from
on -road transportation (e.g., cars and trucks), commercibuilding energy use (e.g., stores and offices),
and residential building energy use (e.g., homes and apartments). The remaining 2% of emissions came
from light rail operations, energy use in manufactur g, fugitive emissions from natural gas distribution6,
and wastewater treatment plant activity.
To contextualize the emissions City of Miami : nerates every year, 3.3 million MT CO2e is equal to78:
4 htt
• Taking 717,684 passenger vehicles •ff the road for one year
• The carbon sequestered by 4,04 ,086 acres of US forests in one year; that forest would be 175x
the land area of the City of Mi mi
• The carbon sequestered by 4,566,199 tree seedlings grown for 10 years; that's 114 trees per
resident of Miami
• Covering two City of M : mis and one Miami Beach in 2 story buildings i.e., 86.3 sq miles at 27
feet high
s: www.miami
com files
sharedassets •ublic •h•-inventor -2018-full-re.ort.•df
5 Miami originally calfated its 2018 base year inventory using the U.S. Community Protocol. After review with
C40, the City upda d its inventory to align with the Global Protocol for Community -scale Greenhouse Gas
Emission Invento es (GPC). This revision altered the total emissions value from the City's original GHG Inventory
document and e value presented in table 2.1 is the final baseline value for Plan purposes.
6 Fugitive e ' sions in the City's inventory are attributed to leaks within the natural gas transmission and
distributio. system. Methane is the largest component of natural gas and is a potent greenhouse gas — 28 times
more po erful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere over a 100-year timeframe.
7 https• /www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator
8 htt%s://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-much-ton-carbon-dioxide
Page 8
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Figure 2.1 — Miami's 2018 Base Year Inventory
20%
Residential
Energy
Commercial
Energy
35% _.
■ On -Road Transportation
■ Residential Energy
■ Fugitive Emissions
■ Railways
On -Road
Transportation
Commercial En
■ Manufacturin
■ Non-Specifi
■ Wastewa -r
Table 2.1 shows the GHG inventory results organized into
to provide additional detail about our emissions. This i
reductions and specific GHG Plan actions that can re
greenhouse gas emissions in the calendar year 20
In the City of Miami, community -generated solid
incinerates waste to produce energy to power
emissions are categorized as stationary ener
from "energy sent to the grid." These emi
are counted when the electricity create
addressed through their GHG Plan ac
recognizes that waste managemen
address waste.
4
gY
Construction Energy
d Energy Sources
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
ectors and sub -sectors, as well as by fuel type
ormation also helps identify areas for GHG
ce these emissions. This inventory accounts for all
induced by City of Miami residents and businesses.9
aste is sent to a waste -to -energy facility that
self and for the regional electric grid. Therefore, these
y emissions in our inventory and reported as emissions
ions are documented but not counted in our total as they
is used in other communities' building energy sectors and
ons. The City has limited jurisdiction on the waste sector, but
as climate and environmental impact and has developed actions to
PortMiami is not part of the City's jurisdiction. PortMiami is accounted for in the Miami -Dade County Climate
Actior. Strategy.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Table 2.1— Miami's 2018 GHG Inventory
Emissions
Sector
Emissions Subsector
Fuel Type
Emissions (MT
CO2e)
% To =
Emi ions
Buildings
Residential
Electricity
643,287
20%
Natural Gas
19,937
Commercial
Electricity
1,019,935
35%
Natural Gas
125,A':8
Industrial
Electricity
•,635
<1%
Natural Gas
4,128
Fugitive Emissions
Natural Gas Leaks
4,882
<1%
Transportation
Passenger Vehicles
Gasoline
1,045,928
43%
Diese
20,768
Freight Vehicles
D. •sel
339,065
Trolley System
Diesel
3,822
<1%
Metrorail and Metromover
Electricity
17,051
Wastewater
Wastewater Treatment -
Process
NA
12,386
<1%
Wastewater Treatm nt
Energy
Electricity
10,080
Natural Gas
28
Septic Treatment
NA
2,035
Water
Potabl- Water Supply
Electricity
7,254
<1%
Natural Gas
10
Total
3,295,718*
100%
*Emissions from soliwaste were included in the 2018 GHG Inventory but have been removed, in compliance
with GPC guidance as the primary method of solid waste disposal is waste -to -energy and these emissions are
thus accounted •r in other categories. See Appendix D for more information.
Emissio Forecasts
Estimat g future GHG emissions can help us understand how emissions could change over time if no
furth-r action is taken, set realistic GHG reduction targets, and focus plan action development on the
hi: est priority emissions sectors. Miami forecasted emissions from the 2018 base year through the
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SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
2050 carbon neutrality target year to estimate the total amount of reductions needed to achieve this
target.
Each emissions source was projected using growth indicators that could serve as a proxy for how
emissions might grow in the community. For example, Miami's resident population growth was sed as
a proxy for how residential energy emissions would grow. In this Plan, the indicators selecte. ere
primarily based on local population and employment projections developed by the City of iami
Planning Department. The Plan also used travel demand projections developed by Mia •-Dade County
to estimate how on -road transportation emissions could change over time. Table 2.2 1' is the emissions
sources and corresponding growth indicators used in the Plan.
Table 2.2 — Emissions Forecast Growth Indicators
Emissions Source
Growth Indicator
Source
Residential Energy
Population
Miami Planning Department
Commercial Energy
Employment
Miami P1. ning Department
Manufacturing Industries
Employment
Miam' 'fanning Department
Fugitive Emissions
Natural Gas Growth
N. ural Gas growth rates (based on three
ources above)
On -Road Transportation
Vehicle Miles Traveled
Miami -Dade County SERPM Travel Model
Railways
Vehicle Miles Travele.
Miami -Dade County SERPM Travel Model
Wastewater
Population + Employment
Miami Planning Department
These forecasts represent a "business -as- sual" scenario that shows how emissions will grow over time
in the absence of any new City climate 'olicies or action from external stakeholders. Figure 2.2 shows
that without any additional action, ami's emissions will increase by an estimated 38% from 2018 to
2050. This means that to achieve tr e City's 2050 carbon neutrality target, we need to reduce all
emissions in our 2018 base year .s well as address all new emissions growth.
Page 11
5,000,000
4.500,00D
4.000.000
3,500,OOD
3.000.000
2,500,000
2,000,00D
3-500.000
1.000,00D
500,000
0
3,295,718
SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Figure 2.2 — Greenhouse Gas Emission Forecasts — 2018-2050
4,64,995
3,972,.787
s Waota ■Tianeportation Buildings
4,55Q87
Emissions forecasting is an imprecise science and many variables can ' fluence how our emissions will
change over time. However, it is still a useful analysis to frame one .otential future emissions scenario
that reflects how we think Miami's population and economy wil :row. Future GHG Plan updates will
revise these forecasts based on newer information to ensure e are continually planning our climate
actions in response to a changing emissions profile.
Defining Carbon Neutral and Miami's GHG
C40's member cities have committed to supporting e global goals of the Paris Climate Agreement,
which stipulates that global average temperature ise should be kept to well below 2°C above
preindustrial levels, and ideally be limited to 1. C. To help limit warming to this 1.5°C scenario, the
world will need to collectively achieve net ze . greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and cut emissions in
half by 2030. Net zero emissions means th t GHG emissions have been reduced as much as possible and
any remaining emissions are completel ancelled out through offsetting or removed through carbon
dioxide removal (CDR) or emissions r= oval measures. Purchase of offsets (or carbon credits) is a
secondary and last resort measure .s all efforts should be taken to eliminate sources of emissions.
Staying within the 1.5°C limit is t-chnically possible, if global emissions are halved by 2030, but will
require rapid behavioral and t-chnological transformation at all levels — countries, cities, private sector,
and individuals.
Miami has set a long -ter target of net zero emissions by 2050 in accordance with the Paris Climate
Agreement. The City . ten uses the term carbon neutral to describe this goal as well. While definitions
vary, the City uses " arbon neutral" interchangeably with "net zero greenhouse gas emissions" to
indicate maximureduction of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions plus balancing any
remaining emissions the city cannot reduce directly with carbon sequestration or offset actions.
The GHG P . n also establishes an ambitious nearer -term or "interim" 2035 target of 60% emissions
reductio below 2018 levels. The interim target was defined with input from City department staff and
the CA , Cities climate action planning team based on an analysis of the city's emissions forecasts and
GHQ reduction opportunities. The target was also informed by research defining what is needed globally
tsupport the Paris Climate Agreement goals.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
SUBSTITUTED.
Figure 2.3 shows the city's GHG forecasts (top line) and GHG targets (bottom line); the gap between
two lines represents the amount of GHG reductions needed to achieve the targets. For further
information on how the interim target was established, see Appendix D.
tonnes CO2e/year
5,000,000
4500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
Figure 2.3 — Miami's GHG Forecasts and Targets
Emissions trajectories from 2018 to 2050
11111111
1111
1
I
11
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11
I
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11
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1
Legend. - Baseline Forecast
--- Target Trajectory
,875
Page 13
SUBSTITUTED.
Chapter 3: Miami's GHG Actions
Achieving the 2035 Target
During GHG Plan development, the City evaluated several GHG target achievement options to .etter
understand the opportunities for action within the City's direct control and identify the nec• ssary
contributions from outside agencies. The result of this analysis showed that most of Mia ' l's emissions
fall outside the direct control of the City. For example, the City of Miami has limited or o control over
roadway design, regional transit system improvements, energy procurement within e electric grid, and
building code requirements. However, Miami is committed to aggressive emissio . reductions in areas
where we do have jurisdiction and to coalition building and advocacy for aggre ive actions by other
entities where needed, in order to achieve our GHG targets.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Using C40's GHG scenario planning tool (Pathways), Miami developed the GHG reduction pathway
shown in Figure 3.1. This figure illustrates the City's GHG forecasts (top lne), GHG targets (bottom line),
and reduction strategies selected to achieve the 2035 target and mo -e toward carbon neutrality by
2050. The colored wedges represent different sectors of GHG actiand align with the Plan's GREEN
goals. The gap in emissions reductions that begins in 2035 (areith no color) will be addressed in
future updates of this GHG Plan.
tonnes/CO,e/year
5,000,000
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3.000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500.000
0
Figure 3.1— GHG Reducti n Pathway
i I I I I
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Electricit eneration
Building Energy - Efficiency
Building Energy- Fuel switch
Transportation
Transportation - Fuel
Carbon
Neutrality
Remaining Emissions
Baseline Forecast
Target Trajectory
Page 14
SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Within the Plan's GREEN goal framework, four quantified objectives and five qualitative objectives')
were also defined in relation to the 2035 GHG target. The objectives and their representation within
Figure 3.1 are defined below.
• G — Getting Around Miami
o Objective: 15% less single occupant vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels by 25
(magenta wedge)
• R — Renewable Energy
o Objective: 100% carbon free electricity by 2035 (orange wedge)
o Objective: 35% reduction in on -site natural gas emissions compared '. 2018 levels by
2035 (light blue wedges)
• E — Electric Vehicles
o Objective: 40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric b 2035* (pink wedge)
• E — Energy Efficiency
o Objective: Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decr: 'se overall energy consumption
and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energ (dark blue wedge)
• N — New Economy
o Objective: Green Economy Ecosystem Growth
o Objective: Revitalize City's Economic Develop -nt
o Objective: Opening Doors for Sustainable Instry
o Objective: Workforce Development
*Using County data as proxy for City until better data sourc are available.
Miami's GHG pathway reflects existing and planner actions as well as aggressive but feasible new
actions by the City, county, state, and federal e sties. More information about how we will be tracking
progress on our goals can be found in Chapter
Action Selection and Prioritizatio Process
Miami's GHG Plan actions were assess using the C40 Cities Action Selection and Prioritization (ASAP)
tool —a software tool that documen actions and provides outputs to support the climate action
decision -making process through comparison of action benefits and challenges. ASAP helps users
assess the impact of actions ba -d on multiple evaluation criteria, including primary benefits (e.g., GHG
emissions reduction), co -ben its (e.g., public health and employment) and feasibility (e.g., costs).
Miami used ASAP to eval ate individual actions' relative emissions reduction potential and their impact
on nine co -benefit and easibility criteria. The GHG reduction scores were based on local city data,
relevant studies, anresults from similar action implementation to evaluate their emissions reduction
potential. The co-•enefit and feasibility evaluation criteria were developed to align with community and
City priorities (se Table 3.1 for a list of criteria and definitions).
1' The Energy Efficiency sub -goal will be quantified once more information is gathered via the BE305 program.
Page 15
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Table 3.1 —Action Evaluation Criteria and Definitions
Evaluation Criteria
Definition
Primary
Benefits
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Reduction
An estimation of the relative greenhouse gas emissio s
reduction potential.
Co -Benefits
Public Health
Improve public health through reduced incide s of
diseases and/or death attributed to improve', indoor and
outdoor air quality, protection from extre ' e heat, active
transport, water quality, access to nutria ts, etc.
Greenspace and Green
Infrastructure
Increase greenspace or green infras cture conservation,
creation, or regeneration.
NOTE: Greenspace is a principl - considered across all
actions, but no specific gree pace actions are included in
this plan. For greenspace . d tree canopy initiatives, see
Miami Forever Climate ; eady adaptation strategy.
Employment
Increase employme► rate and/or total number of jobs.
Cost of Living
Reduce daily ex. -nses and provide savings (e.g., utility
costs, travel casts, etc.) to residents.
Climate Justice
Actively .:dress an existing inequity and/or one that
would .e created via action implementation in climate
justi.- communities.
• TE: For actions that scored negatively, City should work
with community climate advocates and related groups to
develop zero harm criteria for implementation.
Feasibility
Criteria
Additional City Costs
Beyond any funding that is currently secured or identified,
how much additional capital would be required to
implement, operationalize, and maintain the action?
Additional P, vate Costs
Beyond any costs that would otherwise already be
incurred, how much additional private capital would be
required for businesses or building owners to implement,
operationalize, and maintain the action?
C• plexity for the City
o Implement
Does the City have the authority to implement this action?
Does this action require a policy change and involve
multiple departments? How much time and what is the
logistical difficulty of completing this action? Are external
resources needed?
Page 16
Political Acceptability
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Is this action politically popular or would it be politically
challenging to implement (e.g., public opinion, stakehol. •r
support or pushback, the number and power of
stakeholders)?
The results of the ASAP evaluation were then used to prioritize 20 actions which will help he City:
■ Highlight actions that would benefit from deeper analysis in the implementafn roadmap
■ Sequence first actions that are foundational to our success
■ Elevate actions the City must move on in the next 3 years
■ Identify action leads, partner departments, and external entities
■ Create a short-term workplan
The prioritized actions are highlighted in green in each of the Goal sectio s. Seven building energy
efficiency actions and five electric vehicle actions were prioritized due o their high level of direct GHG
impact, city authority to implement, and co -benefits to residents. T - remaining actions address carbon -
free energy (two actions), mobility (three actions), and additional nabling actions (three actions). Fewer
actions were prioritized in these categories because they do no result in large direct GHG reduction
impacts or are promoting actions that fall primarily outside o the City's direct control, like advocacy for
transportation infrastructure improvements. Complete resis from the ASAP evaluation process for all
Plan actions can be found in Appendix B.
The list below presents a summary of the 20 priori zed actions that will be further developed in the
implementation roadmap. Appendix C provides -, n implementation roadmap for these prioritized
actions including key milestones and metrics.
G-1: Reduce emissions for City employee ommute.
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -Dade Co4nty and local advocacy groups to increase utilization of biking as
a transit method by implementing e Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the number of protected,
green bikeways. $$
G-3: Expand micromobility op ions throughout the entire city including Citibikes, scooters, and electric
bikes. $$
R-1: Starting in 2024, ro.uire all new buildings to be solar -ready and storage -ready.
R-4: Provide additi. al policy and financial incentives to encourage private solar installations and
identify incentiv-. that would appeal to owners of affordable housing. $$
EV-1: Develo. V Master Plan to support the growth of electric vehicle ownership.
EV-2: Dev- op technical guidance for building owners/managers to facilitate in EV charging
infrastructure installations in existing buildings.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
EV-3: Partner with major employers and multifamily building owners to install EV chargers in parking
lots/garages. $$
EV-4: Build on EV Capability Ordinance to require EV charger installations in new developments
starting in 2025. $$
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public vehicle fleet, including trolleys by 2035.
E-1: Implement Building Efficiency 305 (BE305) program requiring energy benchmarki : and disclosure
for commercial, multi -family residential, and City of Miami municipal buildings over '0,000 sq. ft. $$
E-2: Improve public benefits and green buildings tracking to increase program p. icipation and
impact.
E-3: Require all new public buildings to be built to zero net energy standards starting in 2025.
E-4: Adopt a residential, single-family home energy rating and disclos e ordinance. $$
E-5: Adopt building performance standard for commercial, multi-f. ily residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft. $$
E-6: Establish residential, single-family home energy conserv.tion requirements. $$
E-9: Make all non -emergency energy use in existing publ' buildings carbon -free by 2035. Explore and
adopt as much carbon -free emergency energy genera 'on and storage as possible.
A-1: Improve city data on waste streams and disposal. Establish a per capita waste goal.
A-2: Train City employees on emerging resilien and sustainable buildings initiatives and technologies
including solar PVs, energy storage, EV char:' g, energy efficiency, electrification, and climate
adaptation policies.
A-11: Develop a financial and technics assistance program that helps residents, particularly low-
income, to pursue climate action. $
GHG Plan Goals and Acti
ns
The following pages introdu - the GHG Plan's 54 actions, organized within the overarching goals. Of
these 54 actions, 33 addr--s GHG mitigation, 8 address the new green economy, and 13 are additional
enabling actions. As the -nergy, buildings, and transportation sectors produce 98% of the city's total
emissions, Miami has ocused its current efforts on actions in these sectors since they will have the
largest immediate ' pact. The additional enabling actions apply across each of the goal areas and
include advocac actions that identify initial ways the City can try to influence the policy framework for
emissions sou es outside its direct control.
Many oft actions in this plan will be initiated by the Division of Resilience and Sustainability (DRS, a
division . the Department of Resilience and Public Works), but progress will be implemented in
collab.ration with relevant City departments and external stakeholders. As many of these actions are
ne ideas, DRS will help facilitate research, stakeholder engagement, and planning before actions are
e ' acted.
Page 18
Key:
SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
■ Implementation Phases:
o 1 = significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
o 2 = significant progress in 4-6 years (by end of 2026)
o 3 = significant progress in 7 or more years (2027 and beyond)
■ Actions that are bolded and highlighted in green are the City's prioritized actions.
■ Actions that have been noted with "$$" have green economy opportunities.
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SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Goal 1: GETTING AROUND MIAMI
In 2018, approximately 85% of total passenger trips in Miami were taken in private gas and diesel
vehicles. These passenger trips alone generate 32% of total city-wide emissions. The first step to
reducing transportation emissions is to reduce the number of miles traveled in private cars by
facilitating a transition to other modes of transportation, like Metrorail, Metrobus, trolley, wal; ng,
rolling, or biking. To facilitate this shift, we must utilize land use and transportation plannin: o integrate
jobs, housing, and other daily uses with an efficient transit and active transportation (e.g., alking,
biking, e-scooters) network. To achieve the stated GHG reductions for this goal, Miami .s established a
objective for a 15% shift away from 2018 levels of private vehicle trips to other forms .f transportation
by 2035. This goal is in alignment and will work in concert with the Miami -Dade Co ty Climate Action
Strategy goal for a 10% shift away from single occupant vehicles by 2030.
Travel mode shifting can reduce the total number of vehicle miles traveled in e city and the total
emissions generated per mile traveled, while simultaneously reducing traff congestion and providing
public health benefits from reduced local pollution and increased exerci . Meeting this goal requires
City action to promote transit and active transportation, County and T'. nsportation Planning
Organization (TPO) action to implement the SMART Plan, and resid- t action to voluntarily switch to
lower -emissions transportation options as part of their daily lives ravel mode switching can also
reduce the total number of private vehicles to be electrified in
oal 3 Electric Vehicles.
Objective: 15% shift away from private vehicle trips co • ared to 2018 levels by 2035
City Authority:
• The City manages the Miami trolley system
the City's lower capacity local roads, and h
Zoning Code and the Miami Comprehen
define the type, location, and mix of d'
and manages the major public trans
addition, the State of Florida and
arterial streets in the City. Park'
Authority.
(
pt of Resilience and Public Works), owns many of
local land use planning authority, via Miami21
e Neighborhood Plan (MCNP) (Planning Dept), to
erent land uses. However, Miami -Dade County owns
ortation system, including Metrorail and Metrobus. In
iami-Dade County have authority over many of the major
g is overseen by the quasi-judicial entity Miami Parking
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
G-1: Reduce em" sions for
City employe commute.
COVID-19 demonstrated that working
remotely is possible and effective for City
employees and some local businesses. The
City should continue to permit employees
to work from home and monitor
participation. Additional measures to
/
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Mia' i
Forever Climate ' -ady
Alignme
consider would be improving public transit
benefits and implementing a parking fee.
G-2: Collaborate with
Miami -Dade County and
local advocacy groups to
increase utilization of
biking as a transit method
by implementing the
Bicycle Master Plan and
expanding the number of
protected, green
bikeways. $$
As the County controls most public
streets, collaboration is necessary for
Miami to implement its Bicycle Master
Plan. This action includes greening the
bicycle network and installing shade,
water fountains, and bike repair
infrastructure along bike paths to improve
rider comfort and safety.
Resilie 05
ACT • N 12: Develop
. bility Hubs in the 305
MFCR
Goal 4 Phase 2: Update
and implement bicycle
master plan to improve
safety and connectivity of
bicycle routes.
G-3: Expand micromobility
options throughout the
entire city including
Citibikes, scooters, and
electric bikes. $$
Currently, most micro nobility options are
concentrated in Dist, ct 2 and safety
concerns will neeo be addressed prior
to expanding. Tr action can aid residents
without cars . d considers free service for
specific us= s.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
ACTION 14: Drive Into the
Future
G-4: Develop a Trolley
Master Plan including a
long-term vision for the
program and route
updates. $$
This we k is currently in progress and aims
to e ure the trolley program is
su• ainable long-term, connects with
'ther multimodal options and key
locations, is aligned with the Better Bus
County bus rerouting, and maintains high
quality service across the City.
Resilient305
ACTION 13: Design a
Better Bus Network
MFCR
Goal 4: Implement new
trolley route
recommendations from
the Better Bus Project to
better coordinate trolley
system with other public
transit options. Improve
ease of use of trolley
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Rea
Alignment
system by updat' g user
interface of tr ley app.
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
esilient305 / Miami
orever Climate Ready
Alignment
G-5: Build upon existing
transit -oriented
development policies in
Miami21 to increase
residential density, access
to goods and services, and
decrease single -occupancy
vehicle use focusing on
areas surrounding
Metrorail stations.
Transit -oriented development (TOD) is .
type of urban development that cent: s
communities around public transit.
Miami's existing TOD policies co d be
enhanced to include increased
inclusionary zoning and mix:. -use zoning
near Metrorail stations, i reased density
within a certain distanc- of a Metrorail
station, free commu r parking lots
outside the downt n area with shuttle
service into the ty, increased
investments 1 green space and parks near
Metrorail s .tions, etc.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
G-6: Establish parking
disincentives, such as
parking maximums and
dynamic parking prices, to
discourage the use of
single occupancy gas
vehicles.
Expansi• of parking maximums through
TODs :nd Parking Management Districts
wil . iscourage the use of vehicles in
• .wntown areas. Dynamic parking prices
can maximize revenue (potentially to fund
other GHG Plan actions) and can
encourage mode switching in areas close
to transit.
G-7: Adopt transp'rtation
demand mana: ' ment
ordinance to equire
certain ern,. oyers and
develop: s to establish
plans • reduce single-
occ pant vehicle use and
Transportation demand management
(TDM) includes strategies for reducing
demand for road capacity primarily during
peak periods (e.g., incentives for transit,
carpooling, and telework). The current
Miami TDM suggested measures could
become a requirement. Additionally, a
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutra/
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Rea •
Alignment
traffic during peak hours
among employees and
residents.
zoning ordinance could require any
project receiving a parking discount to
adopt TDM measures.
G-8: Work with partner
entities to create bus lanes
in strategic, key corridors.
$$
Adding bus -only lanes to busy corridors
will motivate residents to use transit to
reduce commuting time. The City of Miami
does not own the arterial streets that are
ideal candidates for bus lanes but does
have influence as these street run throug,
City boundaries.
Resilien .05
ACTI��N 13: Design a
13: ter Bus Network
G-9: Work with Miami-
Dade County and local
advocacy groups to
increase utilization of
public transit through
investments in safety,
improving public transit
literacy, and campaigns.
The City will support and enhance
outreach campaigns for the publ' transit
system through actions such a: investing
in safety measures and imp .ving public
transit literacy.
Resilient305
ACTION 13: Design a
Better Bus Network
G-10: Improve pedestrian
experience and safety
through investments in
sidewalks such as ADA
compliance measures and
increasing number of
crosswalks, especially in
low -medium income areas.
$$
Increasing qu. ty pedestrian
infrastruct e will encourage residents
and visit. s to walk to their destinations.
Strate;'es include increasing the amount
of s :ded walkways and greening right -of -
w s as well as completing the Baywalk
:nd Riverwalk.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Goal 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY
Electricity in Miami is used to cool and heat buildings, provide lighting, heat water, and power
appliances among other activities. Florida Power and Light (FPL) is the primary electricity provider!
Miami, while some residents and businesses also generate their own electricity through on -site
renewables like solar power. In 2018, 24.5% of FPL's electricity was generated from carbon-fre fuel
sources: 1.5% renewables and 23% nuclear. As carbon -based sources currently make up the ajority of
the electric grid's fuel mix that powers Miami's high electricity consumption, electricity us• was
responsible for more than half (52%) of the city's total GHG emissions in 2018. To redu these
emissions and ensure that transportation and building electrification programs reach heir maximum
potential, Miami's electricity sources must be 100% carbon -free by 2035. This goal 's in alignment with
the Biden administration's stated goals and will work in concert with the Miami-rade County Climate
Action Strategy approach to expand on -site and off -site renewable energy ge ration.
FPL projects that its electric grid mix will be 37% carbon -free (17% from r ewables) by 2029. To provide
100% carbon -free electricity to residents and businesses, Miami needs drastically increase the
amount of local renewable energy development, encourage a higher arbon-free electric mix from FPL,
and promote solar -friendly policies at the state level. The City will . so monitor climate action from the
Biden administration, including its goal to achieve 100% carbon- ee electricity in the national power
sector by 2035. The achievement of this goal is an underlying ssumption of this report and the City's
carbon neutrality pathway; therefore, national leadership! essential for the City to reach its goal. This
assumption helped to highlight the remaining reduction hat are needed from City and regional actions
after this sector is fully addressed. On -site photovoltai s, energy storage, and solar thermal hot water
can not only assist the clean energy transition but a .o save constituents money and create greater
energy resilience.
New Green Economy
Today, the renewable energy industry in Miami provides over 400 jobs, which is less than 30% of the
total jobs in Miami's energy sector. However, renewable energy jobs have grown by 16% in the past
decade, showing that there is consistent local growth in this industry.11This growth is driven by
purchases from Miami's traditionaI industry sectors (e.g., government, healthcare, tourism). In 2019,
traditional industries spent nearly $600 million on renewable energy in Miami. The actions listed
below both support GHG reductions and increase demand for renewable energy, which will increase
demand for renewable en2rgyjobs.
In Miami, natural g is primarily used in buildings for water heating, space heating, and cooking.
Though only 5% . total emissions in 2018 came from natural gas use in buildings, the building sector is
one area wher the City has relatively high regulatory control and all emissions sources will need to be
addressed t• achieve Miami's carbon neutrality goal. By increasing building efficiency, electrifying
building s stems or powering with zero -carbon energy sources and ensuring that the electric grid is
100% c rbon-free, Miami can achieve net zero building sector emissions.
11 AECOM analysis, Emsi 2019 industry data.
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SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
The number of buildings in Miami — homes, offices, stores — is also projected to increase to meet
demands of the growing population and workforce. The longer this new construction is permitted to
install mixed -fuel systems (e.g., natural gas and electric appliances/equipment), the more building
retrofits will be required in the future to achieve the carbon neutrality target. Therefore, it is in e
City's best interest to minimize the development of new natural gas pipelines and connection to avoid
these future emission sources altogether.
Objective: 100% carbon free electricity by 2035
City Authority:
• The City of Miami cannot directly control the utility fuel mix but does
buildings and parcels (GSA and DREAM), as well as the zoning code a
influence building requirements to an extent (Planning Dept). We
expand solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems and grow
storage capacity.
Objective: 35% reduction in natural gas emissions compar
City Authority:
• In 2021 the state of Florida passed legislation
enforce any policies that restrict or prohibit
Though the City cannot require our resid
can encourage and incentivize upgradi
sources, and the construction of net
on voluntary action by residents a
provided incentives. This object
construction by 2035. Via Mi
can regulate new construc
natural gas providers.
h e control over our own
d building permits that can
n leverage this influence to
unicipal on -site solar and
to 2018 levels by 2035
at limits local governments' ability to enact or
e types or fuel sources of energy production.l2
is to replace their existing natural gas systems, we
to electric appliances, use of carbon -free energy
ro buildings. Meeting this objective will depend heavily
buildings owners but can be further encouraged with City-
e also includes a target of 5% net zero emissions new
i21 and the permit process (Planning and Building Dept), the City
n. In addition, the City holds its own franchise agreements with
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
R-1: Starting in 024, require
all new buil - gs to be solar-
ready and torage-ready.
This requirement would also apply to
existing buildings at the time of substantial
retrofit. In the future, the policy could be
expanded to require new buildings to
install solar. Installing a storage -ready solar
Resilient305
ACTION 16: Expand
Renewable Energy
12 SB 1128/HB 919, https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/919/BillText/er/PDF
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutra/
l
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Mia , i
Forever Climate ' - ady
Alignme
system will reduce future battery
installation costs.
R-2: Join FPL SolarTogether
program to purchase City's
building electricity from
solar.
To support utility -level solar and address
emissions from City buildings, the City can
purchase its electricity from installed solar
from FPL. The program will open to cities
for enrollment in 2022-2024.
R-3: Promote community
participation in FPL
SolarTogether program,
especially among renters, to
purchase 100% of their
electricity from solar.
SolarTogether is a community solar
program that allows customers to
voluntarily pay a monthly premiu ► for
solar electricity and later receiv credits for
savings produced by the pro: '.m. The
program increases access t• solar for those
who cannot directly inst. it.
Resilient305
ACTION 16: Expand
Renewable Energy
PHASE 2 A -6 YEARS)
viL
Resilient305 / Miami
Actions
Action Details
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
R-4: Provide additional
Solar centives are necessary to
Resilient305
policy and financial
encourage residents and businesses to
incentives to encourage
•luntarily install solar. The City will need
ACTION 16: Expand
private solar installations
to engage the development community to
Renewable Energy
and identify incentives that
understand new areas of opportunity in the
would appeal to owners '
Zoning code as the City already has solar -
affordable housing. $$
friendly permitting. In addition, the City
can promote existing financing pathways
including Property Assessed Clean Energy
(PACE), Solar and Energy Loan Fund (SELF),
and Solar United Neighbors (SUN) Co-op.
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PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Mia, i
Forever Climate ; -ady
Alignme
R-5: Install solar and storage
in public buildings or parking
structures where feasible,
prioritizing critical facilities.
Resilience Hubs can be used as solar pilot
locations to showcase solar and storage
systems within a facility designated
to provide critical services during power
outages. First step will be feasibility
assessments for selected facilities.
Resilient30
ACTIO 6: Expand
Rene. able Energy
ACTION 38: Support
Resilience Hubs
ACTION 57: Leverage
the Power of
Purchasing
R-6: Partner with community
organizations such as local
non -profits, trade
organizations, and electric
and gas utilities, to develop a
building electrification
education program to
provide information and
technical assistance. $$
As building carbon -free .ay be a new
concept to property o ners and
contractors, a comp ehensive program is
needed to guide ywide carbon -free
building projec- . This program may include
a PSA camp.• n on the benefits of carbon -
free ener: and resources to provide
inform. ion about relative benefits of
carb. -free energy choices. Resources will
be plit between new construction and
--novation projects.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutra/
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Goal 3: ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Most of Miami's private vehicle trips are from gas and diesel vehicles. Understanding that not everyone
can use public transit or active transportation options, these vehicles must be electrified and powered
with 100% carbon -free energy if we are to meet our carbon neutrality goal. Miami has set a objecti of
electrifying 40% of registered passenger vehicles compared to 2018 levels by 2035, which works i
tandem with Goal 2: Renewable Energy as the greenhouse gas reduction potential of EVs is de. -ndent
on the fuel source for the electricity used to charge vehicles. This goal is in alignment and w work in
concert with the Miami -Dade County Climate Action Strategy goals to electrify the Count feet and shift
30% of community vehicles to electric by 2030.
Objective: 40% of registered passenger vehicles are electricby 2035 *
* Using County data as proxy for City until better data sources are available
City Authority:
• The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) comes down to consumer
create a hospitable market and ecosystem that makes buying
attractive. Miami Parking Authority is a quasi -jurisdictional
therefore a reliable partner in the expansion of EV char:-
requirements for new construction but existing parki
challenging. Lastly, the City has full control over its
system (RPW), but does not own or operate the ► etrobus system or public school buses.
New Green Economy
hoice, but the City can help
nd owning an EV easier and more
ntity of the City of Miami and is
in public parking. Miami21 can set
, especially privately owned, is more
n fleet (GSA), which includes the trolley
s
Critical to accelerating EV adoption will be the availability charging station infrastructure, electricians
to support charging station infrastructure, anti technicians to support EV maintenance. With more EVs
scheduled to arrive in the market within the next year and car companies transitioning to all -electric
vehicle stocks, demand for EV mechanics is already expected to grow in the coming years, and the
actions presented below will further catalyze this demand. Mechanics, particularly bus and truck
mechanics, make well above the living wage ($24 per hour compared to the living wage of $18 per
hour), so increased demand for these jobs will create important opportunities for Miami's workforce.
While Miami -Dade College alr' ady offers an EV mechanic training program, additional training
programs could be offered, along with targeted marketing and recruitment strategies. Likewise,
increasing awareness of the opportunities and benefits of the electrical trade, and specifically the EV
charging station certifi,:ation, including the trade's wage and growth benefits, will ensure that Miami
has a workforce that is able to support widespread EV adoption.
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Re •. • y
Alignment
EV-1: Develop EV Master Plan
to support the growth of
electric vehicle ownership.
A Master Plan would help the City
anticipate and support the growing
electric vehicle market. Through this
process, the City would develop
private sector partners, policies,
metrics, and an expanded charger
network map. Overall, this plan should
help the City understand what
supporting infrastructure is needed
and where.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: ►evelop
Mobility bs in the 305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-2: Develop technical
guidance for building
owners/managers to
facilitate in EV charging
infrastructure installations in
existing buildings.
Technical barriers to installing E
chargers can be overcome wit' the
proper guidance and troubl-shooting
related to common buildi g
types/challenges in Mi. i. Additional
guidance will be pro ded to help
private fleets tran tion to EVs.
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-3: Partner with major
employers and multifamily
building owners to install EV
chargers in parking
lots/garages. $$
Key employer nclude hospitals,
banks, univ= sities, and more. The City
can provi • - free and/or expedited
permit ' g.
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
ACTION 57: Leverage the
Power of Purchasing
EV-4: Build on EV Capability
Ordinance to require EV
charger installations in n -
developments startin: "n
2025. $$
The current EV Capability Ordinance
requires new construction over a
certain size to install EV-ready spaces
for 20% of new off-street parking.
Miami could expand upon this
ordinance to require the installation of
EV chargers.
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-5: Partn- with existing
electric v- icle non -profits to
promo public awareness of
the bnefits and real costs of
EV .urchasing and ownership,
-specially addressing low -
This campaign includes promoting
awareness on the typical cost of EV
chargers, cost of charging, charging
locations, life -cycle comparisons,
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutra/
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miam"
Forever Climate Re dy
Alignment
income drivers and their
concerns.
incentives, approved vendors,
dealerships, and test drive events.
PHASE 3 (7+ YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
' esilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public
vehicle fleet, including
trolleys by 2035.
The City will work with the
Electrification Coalition and oth-,
technical support teams to de -lop an
EV transition plan. The City ill
develop information on 1= sons
learned through this pr.cess to share
with private fleet m. agers.
Emergency respo .e vehicles have
been excluded i , the near -term, but
they will upgrade when feasible.
i
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
MFCR
Goal 1 Phase 2: Conduct a
fleet analysis to determine
best vehicles for future
electric vehicle (EV)
changeover.
Goal 4 Phase 2: Support
expansion of EVs by
installing EV charging
stations at City -owned
properties and changing
over fleet vehicles to EVs
when possible.
EV-7: Evaluate the po •ntial to
implement a low e ► fission
zone in the urba ore.
A low emissions zone is a defined area
where access by some polluting
vehicles is limited. This would promote
the use of EVs, alternative fuel
vehicles, and active transportation
options in downtown areas.
Resilient305
ACTION 12: Develop
Mobility Hubs in the 305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
EV-8• valuate implementing
an-Iectricvehicle-sharing
rogram within
This action increases access and
familiarizes EVs in low-income
neighborhoods and areas of low car
Resilient305
ACTION 15: It's Electric
Miami Forever Carbon Neutra/
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PHASE 3 (7+ YEARS) /
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
neighborhoods with low car
ownership.
ownership. Los Angeles and
Sacramento have similar equity -
focused EV carshare programs.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutra/
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
56% of Miami's citywide emissions come from building energy use via electricity and on -site natur gas.
Increasing energy efficiency is the first and easiest step to reducing building emissions. This can • - done
by replacing inefficient appliances, ensuring mechanical and electrical systems are properly m ntained,
using intelligent monitoring and control systems, or simply changing occupant behaviors.
The buildings sector is one area where the City has relatively high regulatory control. Th• gh increasing
building efficiency will depend heavily on voluntary action by residents and buildings ners, the City
can implement building transparency and performance standards that would requir certain buildings to
demonstrate emissions reductions through energy efficiency projects or other re ofits. This goal is in
alignment and will work in concert with the Miami -Dade County Climate Actio trategy approaches to
benchmark, retune, and retrofit existing buildings and to build ultra -low ene':y buildings.
Objective: Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall -nergy consumption and
support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy13
City Authority:
• The Florida Building Commission adopts and updates
minimum energy efficiency requirements in all new
renovations. The Miami Building Department enf
levels of compliance through the City's Zoning
New Green Economy
e Florida Building Code, which sets
uildings and buildings undergoing major
ces the Code and can also require higher
de, Miami21.
The green buildings sector, which includes energy efficiency contractors, electricians, and other
specialty contractors, accounts for 35% of Miami's green jobs. Today's green building sector is the
result of traditional industries investing in green buildings and retrofits. In 2019, traditional industries
spent over $2 billion in Miami's green buildings industry. The buildings sector also offers the
opportunity for the most green job growth: green building jobs are currently just 13% of all buildings
jobs, leaving 87% of jobs in this industry with the opportunity to become green. As implementation of
the GHG Plan takes off and demz nd for green buildings and retrofits grows, there will be
corresponding demand for specialty contractors. Miami's workforce will need to be prepared to fill
these green buildings jobs o, otherwise risk losing them to people outside the region. It will be critical
for the City and economic development actors to market green jobs in the buildings industry,
particularly to young people, and to develop and expand training pathways tailored to these jobs.
New or expanded green workforce development opportunities will need to offer training to people
entering the workforce and to re-skilling those already within the buildings and construction industry.
Since these jobs tend to pay at or above the living wage, special attention should be given to
recruiting and training potential employees from historically underinvested communities.
13 The Energy Efficiency sub -goal will be quantified once more information is gathered via the BE305 program.
Page 32
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Mia
Forever Climate R=1dy
Alignmen
E-1: Implement Building
Efficiency 305 (BE305)
program requiring
energy benchmarking
and disclosure for
commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of
Miami municipal
buildings over 20,000 sq.
ft. $$
Tracking and reporting energy
consumption is the first step to
understanding GHG reduction
opportunities in buildings. Larger buildings
produce a higher percentage of GHG
emissions, so they are targeted through
these actions. Implementation would
include the education and training of
building owners.
Resilient305
ACTION 17: :uilding
Efficienc 05
MFC'
G.al 4 Phase 1: Institute
:uilding Efficiency 305
Program
E-2: Improve public
benefits and green
buildings tracking to
increase program
participation and
impact.
Currently, there is a lack of -ntralized
information about LEED crtified buildings,
cool roofs, installed ro. top solar and more
that can help the Cit understand how the
built environment 's responding to climate
change. We ne-. to understand the impact
and impleme' ation of our current policies
if green bu' ding requirements are to
expand.
Resilient305
ACTION 17: Building
Efficiency 305
MFCR
Goal 5 Phase 1: Increase
enforcement of existing
requirement for buildings
over 50,000 sq. ft. to be
LEED certified or
equivalent.
Goal 5 Phase 1: Refine
application and review
process for Special Area
Plans (SAP) and
development on City -
owned property
E-3• equire all new
blic buildings to be
wilt to zero net energy
Requiring all -electric, zero net energy new
public building construction would help
demonstrate the feasibility of net zero
Resilient305
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miam"
Forever Climate Re . dy
Alignment
standards starting in
2025.
construction in Miami and allow the City to
lead by example.
ACTION 17: Building
Efficiency 30
ACTION 2 : Train for
Constr tion
MF '
:oal 4 Phase 1: Refine
design criteria for ensuring
new capital projects are
designed and constructed
with triple bottom line
performance goals.
E-4: Adopt a residential,
single-family home
energy rating and
disclosure ordinance. $$
A home energy rating identifies
opportunities for energy imovement to
homeowners and sends o rket
signals about the benef' s of building
efficiency. Low-inco - populations will
need financial assi ance to improve their
ratings.
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Resilient305 / Miami
Actions
Action Details
Forever Climate Ready
Alignment
E-5: Adopt building
Implementing an energy or emission
Resilient305
performance standar.
performance standard is the next step
for commercial, m i-
after adopting a benchmarking and
ACTION 17: Building
family residentia and
reporting ordinance. Large building owners
Efficiency 305
City of Miami , unicipal
will be required to meet energy or GHG
ACTION 37: Prepare Your
buildings ov: 20,000 sq.
reduction targets over a set period.
Property
ft. $$
Compliance measures can include periodic
audits and retro-commissioning. Certain
performance requirements could also be
met at point of sale or lease. Fines can be
implemented for non -compliant buildings
Miami Forever Carbon Neutra/
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PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / M": mi
Forever Climat = ' eady
Align nt
that can be used to help fund retrofits,
audits, retro-commissioning, etc.
E-6: Establish residential,
single-family home
energy conservation
requirements. $$
Residential property owners would be
required to make energy conservation
improvements in their homes, potentially
at the point of property sale or
lease. Implementation could include a
prescriptive list of improvements, a list
of options for user selection, and/or
maximum investment threshold.L• -
income populations will need fi : ncial
assistance to help with compl': nce. Similar
policies, called Residential ergy
Conservation Ordinance RECOs), have
been passed in other ' ies.
E-7: Develop energy
reduction targets for City
of Miami municipal
buildings.
Once City of Mia ' •etter understands and
tracks the ener: , use of its buildings, we
can set infor -d goals on energy reduction
and deter ne most impactful strategies
for achieement.-
MFCR
Goal 1 Phase 1: Establish
GHG emission reduction
goals and develop
multiyear action plan for
both City operations and
communitywide.
E-8: Provide incentives
for construction firms to
use locally -sourced
materials with low-
embodied carbo and
high -efficiency ixtures.
his action will contribute to local
economic growth, reduce emissions from
transporting materials, and reduce
operational emissions from the use of
efficient fixtures.
Resilient305
Action 23: Buy Local
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
PHASE 3 (7+ YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 / Miami
Forever Climate Rea
Alignment
E-9: Make all non-
emergency energy use in
existing public buildings
carbon -free by 2035.
Explore and adopt as
much carbon -free
emergency energy
generation and storage
as possible. $$
Energy assets will be inventoried with
feasibility analysis for carbon -free
replacements, and appliance/equipment
replacements will be planned in the capital
spending budget. As the City has leased
many of its buildings, green initiatives in
lease agreements can be considered.
Residential Energy Conservation Ordinance (RECO) Spotlight
Residential Energy Conservation Ordinances (RECOs) typical - mandate that a home meet certain
energy (and often water) efficiency requirements and est.blish a process for verifying that such
standards have been satisfied. Property owners can co ►.ly with a RECO by meeting a prescriptive
checklist of energy efficiency and water conservation easures and undergoing a verification
inspection by a certified inspector. A RECO can be . -signed to establish different actions that
initiate the compliance process, such as sale oft - property, the rental license inspection process,
when the property undergoes significant reno .tion, or as part of a safety inspection. Examples of
cities with RECOs or similar programs includ-: San Francisco, CA; Burlington, VT; and Ann Arbor,
MI.
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To Be Added
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
ADDITIONAL ENABLING ACTIONS
As many emission sources are outside of the City's direct control or influence, enabling legislation a
programs are needed to significantly reduce these emissions. Miami can advocate for progressiv
climate policies at the federal and state levels, or from utility providers, as well as create their . n
programs that may indirectly provide emissions reductions, such as a jobs training program. " ctions that
do not have separately quantified GHG reductions but are necessary to support City -led cl. ate action
are included below.
Objective: Advocate and Educate
Objective: Integrate Climate into Governance
Objective: Reduce Solid Waste
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
esilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
A-1: Improve city data
on waste streams and
disposal. Establish a
per capita waste goal.
To better understand opportuni es
for waste reduction, the City II
need an updated waste str-:m
characterization study an,. data from
private haulers who seriice multi-
family buildings and .mmercial
businesses.
Waste
Reduction
A-2: Train City
employees on
emerging resilient and
sustainable buildings
initiatives and
technologies including
solar PVs, energy
storage, EV charging,
energy efficiency,
electrification, and
climate adaptation -`
policies.
City staff need • be familiar with
green and re• lient building practices
in order to acilitate permitting and
sustaina6 e development. The City
will ev:Iuate initial areas of
opp6rtunity based on history of
p: mits and current policies.
Resilient305:
All Goals
ACTION 47: Train
Employees to Be
Resilient
MFCR
Goal 2 Phase 2:
Build staff capacity
by incentivizing
city employees to
pursue relevant
professional
certifications.
A-3: Impl ent green
and sus inable special
even program.
Beginning with guidelines and then
transitioning to requirements, the
City will work with special events in
the City to generate Tess waste, use
All Goals
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduc on
Alig, ent
more sustainable materials, and be
more energy efficient.
A-4: Train City staff on
climate change.
Educating City staff on climate
change can help ensure that public
decisions are made with climate
considerations in mind. This training
is intended to cover the basics of the
issue and local impacts.
Resilient305:
All Goals
ACTION 47: 'rain
Employe-. to Be
Resilie
AC ON 48: RISE to
t' e Rescue
MFCR
Goal 2 Phase 1:
Inform, Prepare,
and Engage
Residents and
Businesses
(multiple actions)
A-5: Work with existing
advocacy organizations
and non -profits to
improve citywide
climate literacy and
awareness.
Literacy initiative should go beyond
social media p• is and achievements
should be co municated widely. The
City shout, provide funding to local
organiz ions to develop PSAs,
pro ate City initiatives, and educate
re 'dents.
Resilient305:
All Goals
ACTION 48: RISE to
the Rescue
ACTION 40: Create
a K-12 Plan for
Resilience Literacy
MFCR
Goal 2 Phase 1:
Inform, Prepare,
and Engage
Residents and
Businesses
(multiple actions)
A-6: I prove recycling
pa icipation and
r duce contamination.
Recycling is required citywide;
participation is high but so is
contamination. Multi -family buildings
with more than three units and
MFCR
Waste
Reduction
Goal 2 Phase 1:
Enhance existing
educational anti -
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Redu ' ion
Ali; ment
commercial businesses must contract
recycling services through a private
waste hauler but not all do. The City
can provide information for residents
on how to get recycling started. In
addition, new information about
contamination in the City's recycling
stream will help determine metrics
and focus areas to improve the
quality of recycled items.
litter and cleanup
programs and
implement data
based policie
A-7: Work with
community composting
organizations to
increase household
composting.
Composting greatly reduces the
emissions that come from landfill''g
or combusting organic waste. :ving
options such as backyard
composting, compost pick.p/drop-
off and community composting at
City parks will help m-. e composting
more accessible to esidents.
Waste
Reduction
A-8: Help restaurants
and businesses reduce
their waste stream by
connecting them with
resources to reduce
single -use plastic,
integrate composting,
and recover and
redistribute surplus
food.
Single -use plas ' s are a major source
of marine de.ris and food waste is a
major sour e of landfill emissions.
Restauris and businesses can
volun . rily opt to partner with a
nu ' ser of local organizations who
.n help educate them on the
environmental impacts of their waste
stream and provide guidance on how
to mitigate. The City can encourage
participation and promote these
opportunities.
Waste
Reduction
A-9: Lobby f. r climate-
forward •.licies at the
state a'd federal level.
Lobby the federal government, Public
Service Commission (PSC) and State
of Florida in support of policies and
funding that promote climate
resilience and carbon mitigation. The
PSC is responsible for regulating FPL
and the State is responsible for many
Resilient305
Energy
Efficiency
and Carbon -
Free
Buildings
ACTION 17:
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reducti
Align ent
impactful policies and funding
programs including the Florida
Building Code.
\ ) .
Building Efficiency
305
ACTION 16:
Expand Renew. • le
Energy
ACTION .
Buildi : Efficiency
305
FCR
C. .on -free
' ectricity
Goal 5 Phase 2:
Advocate for
changes to the
Florida Building
Code and
participate in the
voting process to
further strengthen
flood risk
mitigation and
energy and water
efficiency
measures.
A-10: Advocate for
climate -forward policies
from FPL that support
carbon -free energy at
scale and energy
efficiency.
The C. can use its soft power to
advocate for policies that make solar
. re economical for customers and
encourage the utility towards utility-
scale clean energy as expeditiously as
possible. Additionally, the City can
advocate for energy efficiency
retrofit programs for low-income
households.
Resilient305
Carbon -free
Electricity
Energy
Efficiency
and Carbon -
Free
Buildings
ACTION 16:
Expand Renewable
Energy
MFCR
Goal 4 Phase 1:
Prioritize and
improve
coordination and
communications
with FPL around
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PHASE 1 (1-3 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
Resilient305 /
Miami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduc on
Alig ent
protocols and
efforts to improve
energy grid
reliability.
PHASE 2 (4-6 YEARS)
Actions
Action Details
R ilient305 /
iami Forever
Climate Ready
Alignment
GHG
Reduction
Alignment
A-11: Develop a
financial and technical
assistance program
that helps residents,
particularly low-
income, to pursue
climate action. $$
This action includes education,
investigating financial mechani s
and revenue streams to fund
incentives and rebates, an. technical
support. The City will w• k across
departments to devel . p easily
accessible guidanc- hat span carbon
mitigation and cl. ate resilience.
Resilient305
Energy
Efficiency
and Carbon -
Free
Buildings
ACTION 37:
Prepare Your
Property
A-12: Establish
construction and
demolition waste
diversion requirements.
Construction .nd demolition (C&D)
waste can • - a substantial part of the
solid wa e stream. Establishing
diversion requirements can ensure
C&1 aste is reused or recycled.
Waste
Reduction
A-13: Develop end -of-
life requirements for
solar PV and other
relevant renewable
energytechnolo:'-s,
including batte
storage.
olar panels and batteries contain
toxic chemicals that can pollute the
environment and impact public
health if not disposed of properly.
Developing disposal or recycling
requirements for these items can
reduce their environmental damage
at end -of -life.
Waste
Reduction
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
SUBSTITUTED.
Action Summary
G-1: Reduce emissions for City employee commute.
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -Dade County and local advocacy groups to increase utilization o biking as
a transit method by implementing the Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the number of p otected,
green bikeways. $$
G-3: Expand micromobility options throughout the entire city including Citibikes, scooters, and electric
bikes. $$
G-4: Develop a Trolley Master Plan including a long-term vision for the program , nd route updates. $$
G-5: Build upon existing transit -oriented development policies in Miami21 to ncrease residential density,
access to goods and services, and decrease single -occupancy vehicle use f. using on areas surrounding
Metrorail stations.
G-6: Establish parking disincentives, such as parking maximums and ,ynamic parking prices, to
discourage the use of single occupancy gas vehicles.
G-7: Adopt transportation demand management ordinance to equire certain employers and developers
to establish plans to reduce single -occupant vehicle use ano raffic during peak hours among employees
and residents.
G-8: Work with partner entities to create bus lanes in strategic, key corridors. $$
G-9: Work with Miami -Dade County and local advocacy groups to increase utilization of public transit
through investments in safety, improving publi ransit literacy, and campaigns.
G-10: Improve pedestrian experience and s. 'ety through investments in sidewalks such as ADA
compliance measures and increasing nu .er of crosswalks, especially in low -medium income areas. $$
Goal 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY
R-1: Starting in 2024, require al new buildings to be solar -ready and storage -ready.
R-2: Join FPL SolarTogether ogram to purchase City's building electricity from solar.
R-3: Promote communit participation in FPL SolarTogether program, especially among renters, to
purchase 100% of the' electricity from solar.
R-4: Provide addi " nal policy and financial incentives to encourage private solar installations and
identify incenti s that would appeal to owners of affordable housing. $$
R-5: Install s ar and storage in public buildings or parking structures where feasible, prioritizing critical
facilities.
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SUBSTITUTED.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
R-6: Partner with community organizations such as local non -profits, trade organizations, and electric
and gas utilities, to develop a building electrification education program to provide information and
technical assistance. $$
Goal 3: ELECTRIC VEHICLE_
EV-1: Develop EV Master Plan to support the growth of electric vehicle ownership.
EV-2: Develop technical guidance for building owners/managers to facilitate in EV char• ng
infrastructure installations in existing buildings.
EV-3: Partner with major employers and multifamily building owners to install EV hargers in parking
lots/garages. $$
EV-4: Build on EV Capability Ordinance to require EV charger installations in ew developments
starting in 2025. $$
EV-5: Partner with existing electric vehicle non -profits to promote public awareness of the benefits and
real costs of EV purchasing and ownership, especially addressing low-income drivers and their concerns.
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public vehicle fleet, including trolleys by 35.
EV-7: Evaluate the potential to implement a low emission zon in the urban core.
EV-8: Evaluate implementing an electric vehicle -sharing pr gram within neighborhoods with low car
ownership.
Goal 4: ENERGY EFFICIEN
E-1: Implement Building Efficiency 305 (BE305 program requiring energy benchmarking and disclosure
for commercial, multi -family residential, an, City of Miami municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft. $$
E-2: Improve public benefits and green •. ildings tracking to increase program participation and
impact.
E-3: Require all new public buildin to be built to zero net energy standards starting in 2025.
E-4: Adopt a residential, single-"amily home energy rating and disclosure ordinance. $$
E-5: Adopt building perfor : nce standard for commercial, multi -family residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over 7.0,000 sq. ft. $$
E-6: Establish residen "` I, single-family home energy conservation requirements. $$
E-7: Develop ener reduction targets for City of Miami municipal buildings.
E-8: Provide in ntives for construction firms to use locally -sourced materials with low -embodied carbon
and high-effi ency fixtures.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
E-9: Make all non -emergency energy use in existing public buildings carbon -free by 2035. Explore and
adopt as much carbon -free emergency energy generation and storage as possible.
Goal 5: NEW ECONOMY
To be added.
Additional Enabling Actions
A-1: Improve city data on waste streams and disposal. Establish a per capita waste go. .
A-2: Train City employees on emerging resilient and sustainable buildings initiativ-. and technologies
including solar PVs, energy storage, EV charging, energy efficiency, electrificatio ,, and climate
adaptation policies.
A-3: Implement green and sustainable special events program.
A-4: Train City staff on climate change.
A-5: Work with existing advocacy organizations and non -profits to i ' prove citywide climate literacy and
awareness.
A-6: Improve recycling participation and reduce contaminatio, .
A-7: Work with community composting organizations to 1 rease household composting.
A-8: Help restaurants and businesses reduce their wa e stream by connecting them with resources to
reduce single -use plastic, integrate composting, an. recover and redistribute surplus food.
A-9: Lobby for climate -forward policies at the st,e and federal level.
A-10: Advocate for climate -forward policies om FPL that support carbon -free energy at scale and
energy efficiency.
A-11: Develop a financial and techni . assistance program that helps residents, particularly low-
income, to pursue climate action.
A-12: Establish construction an. demolition waste diversion requirements.
A-13: Develop end -of -life r-. uirements for solar PV and other relevant renewable energy technologies,
including battery storage
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Chapter 4: Monitoring Progress and Next Steps
Successful GHG Plan implementation will require communitywide support — from residents, loc
businesses, community organizations, City staff, and elected officials — as well as significant p. icy
support beyond the Miami community as described in this plan.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
The City is committed to providing the necessary resources and technical support to en re successful
plan implementation, including the following steps:
• Future GHG inventories — the City will prepare a GHG inventory every twyears to support top -
down monitoring of total community emissions. These updates will als• include comprehensive
action level updates on the GHG Plan and adaptation plan.
• Future plan updates — the City will also perform a comprehensive -view of the GHG Plan every
five years, at most, to determine if updates are needed to refle new information and revise its
approach, as needed, based on implementation monitoring r= ults.
• Communication channels — the City will maintain commun'' ation with the public to facilitate
collaboration and accountability on plan implementation ith residents, other community
stakeholders, and Miami -Dade County and adjacent ci es.
o www.miamigov.com/climatechange will co inue to serve as the City's central hub for
updates on all climate plans including Mia i Forever Climate Ready.
o Progress on the Resilient305 strategy c. be found at www.resilient305.com.
Implementation Monitoring Approach
When monitoring GHG Plan implementation, two evaluation considerations are important: total
community GHG emissions trends and individ .I action performance. GHG inventories will provide "top
down" information about the City's overall ission changes, in total and with more granularity at the
emissions sub -sector level. These invento es will be conducted every two years which allows for direct
comparison to the 2018 base year inveory and measurement of progress toward the City's 2035 and
2050 reduction targets. This informa on can help understand which of the Plan's goals are showing
progress and which aspects of the ommunity's emissions are facing challenges.
It is also important to understd the effectiveness of each Plan objective and action, which can be
considered a "bottom up" e :luation approach. Evaluating progress of individual goals and actions will
improve the City's ability . manage and implement the GHG Plan, highlighting opportunities to
reinforce successful act'.ns or the need to reevaluate or replace under -performing ones. These updates
will also be provided ..s part of the GHG inventory update.
To track objective . nd action performance, the City will need to collect important pieces of data that are
related to each hile some of the data may be available from existing reports or processes,
improvemen in data collection will likely be needed to minimize City efforts during Plan monitoring.
We must e ablish data collection methods that are consistent, simplified, and integrated into daily
operatio s to support long-term Plan monitoring. We will evaluate methods for alignment with the
strate: c plan and regular Clearpoint reporting, establishing scheduled status updates at internal
Res' ence Action Forum meetings, and leveraging the Climate Resilience Committee for external
a' ountability.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
The City developed an implementation roadmap (see Appendix C) that provides further useful
information to support monitoring for the prioritized actions, including identification of lead
departments and implementation tracking metrics.
Tracking Our Goals
The Plan is organized around five overarching goals, including four quantitative objectives anive
qualitative objectives related to 2035 GHG target achievement. The following table provide a
framework for tracking GHG-reduction goal progress (excluding the New Economy goal a: success
metrics have not yet been determined), including baseline information, implementatimetrics, and
potential sources for each metric listed. The City will coordinate with staff to updat progress on these
metrics every two years during their GHG inventory update.
Table 4.1 — Goal Tracking
Goal 1: GETTING AROUND MIAMI
Objective: 15% shift away from private vehicle trips co pared to 2018 levels
Target: 72% of total trips are in private ve 'cies by 2035
Baseline Information
Implementation Metrics
Metric Sources
■ 85% passenger trips by private
vehicles (interpolated for 2018
from 2015 and 2045 County-
level data)
• Primary Metric: P: cent of
passenger trips 'rom
private vehic -s
• Miami -Dade County TPO
Transportation SERPM Model
■ 70% of commuters drove
alone to work (2015-2019 City
of Miami ACS 5-Year Estimate
data)
• Suppor ' g Metric:
Com ' uting travel mode
spl' s
• American Community Survey
5-Year Estimates —
Commuting Characteristics
•al 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY
Ob"• ctive: 100% carbon -free electricity
Target: 100% of electricity s generated by carbon -free sources such as solar, nuclear, and
wind/eliminati. of fossil fuels from the main electricity fuel mix by 2035
Objective: % reduction in natural gas emissions compared to 2018 levels
Target: R- uce total natural gas emissions to 94,500 MTCO2e or less by 2035
Baseline Informatio,
Implementation Metrics
Metric Sources
■ 2018 elecis grid mix: 24.5%
carbon ree sources (1.5%
rene able sources, 23%
n ear
■ Primary Metric: Electric
grid resource mix
• FPL
• Supporting Metric: City
solar installation permit
data with system kW
information
• Building Department
■ Residential on -site natural gas
— 3,748,422 therms consumed
in 2018
• Primary Metric: Residential
and commercial natural gas
therm consumption
• TECO, Florida City Gas
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
■ Commercial on -site natural gas
— 23,593,957 therms
consumed in 2018
■ Supporting Metrics:
• City building permit
data describing equipment
replacement and fuel
switching
• Permits for all -electric
new construction and
permits for mixed -fuel new
construction
• Building Department
Goal 3: ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Objective/target. 40% of registered passenger vehicles . e electric*
Baseline Information
Implementation Metrics
'i etric Sources
■ <1% registered vehicles are EV
(2020 County -level data)
• Primary Metrics:
• Total registered autos
and pickups
• % of all register•d
autos that are el: tric
vehicles
• EV Hub — State and County
EV Registration Data
• FLHSMV — Registered Vehicle
and Vessel Report Statistics
■ Supporting 'etric: City EV
charger in• allation permit
data
• Building Department
Goal 4: ERGY EFFICIENCY
Objective: Improve energy efficiency in bui ings to decrease overall energy consumption and support
achievemet of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Baseline Information
I plementation Metrics
Metric Sources
■ Residential:
• 3,748,422 therms
consumed in 2018 (on -sit-
natural gas)
• 2,100,317 MWh consumed
in 2018 (electricity)
■ Commercial:
• 23,593,957 ' herms
consumed i 018 (on -site
natural gas
• 3,3 1,062 MWh consumed
in 20 : (electricity)
• Primary Metrics:
• Residential and
commercial natural gas
therm consumption
• electricity MWh
consumption
• TECO, Florida City Gas, FPL
• Supporting Metrics: ACEEE
City Energy Efficiency
Scorecard
• ACEEE Website
* Count -level data is the best readily available source currently known, but city -level sources may become
availa . e in the future
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Remaining Emissions in 2050
Remaining Emissions Sources
Miami's GHG Plan shows how to reduce local emissions to the maximum extent feasible and fo• ses on
emissions reductions from the city's largest emissions sources, including building energy use
transportation, and the electric grid. Currently, there are technological, regulatory, econo ' ic, and other
barriers that prohibit elimination of 100% of carbon emissions. Based on the city's emis ons forecasts,
the aforementioned barriers, and the GHG actions presented in this plan, we are likel to still have
emissions in 2050 from several sources, shown in Figure 3.5, including:
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
tonnes CO2e/year
• passenger vehicles, trucks, and transit buses that have not converted t• electric options yet
• natural gas cooking appliances in commercial (e.g., restaurants, hot- s, schools) buildings
• natural gas used in the potable water supply
• fugitive emissions from natural gas distribution
• wastewater treatment activities
600,000
600,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
1.1 Residential
crcial / institutional
E
O
Figure 3.5 — Emissions Remaining in 050
9
11.1 On -road
O
O
O
4 O 4
11.2 Railways
11.3 Waterborne
11.4 Aviation
11.5 Off -road
I11.1 Soli d waste
R
u
O
O
111.3 Incineration
111.4 Wastewater .3.393
These sources -present the remaining emissions that need to be reduced or balanced by 2050 for the
City to demo strate achievement of its carbon neutrality target, and total approximately 690,000 MT
CO2e/yr. obal best practices on how to balance these remaining emissions are currently in
develo • ent and the City will take a "wait -and -see" approach to determine what is the best solution
whe he time approaches.
B rriers to GHG Reduction
here are multiple barriers to eliminating 100% of the City's carbon emissions; some are technological
while others will require additional funding or more complete market transformations to achieve
maximum reductions.
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Figure 3.5 shows that the most significant remaining emissions are from on -road transportation, and
reflect continued gas and diesel use in a segment of the community vehicle fleet. To completely redu
emissions in this sub -sector, all vehicles must be converted to EV or zero -emissions options. Curren ' EV
forecasts anticipate accelerating use of this technology starting in the 2025-2030 timeframe, but •nly
predict 31% global fleet electrification by 2040 and do not anticipate 100% market penetratio .y
2050.14 And, it would be difficult for Miami to transition all private vehicles to electric optio without
substantial external assistance in the form of aggressive state or federal legislation or generous financial
incentives that prompt residents and businesses to replace fossil fuel vehicles with EVs •efore their end
of useful life. While the City will continue to push for widespread vehicle electrificati• n, a parallel focus
on reducing single occupancy vehicle use through increased transit and supportiv- and use
development patterns can also help to reduce the total number of vehicles that ould need to be
electrified in the future. An additional barrier to full vehicle electrification is te City's lack of control
over public bus fleets, including Metrobus and school buses. Electrification fforts for these vehicles
have already begun with Miami -Dade Transit and Miami -Dade County P .lic Schools, and future Plan
updates will be able to reflect GHG reductions from these actions. Mi. i-Dade County's Climate Action
Strategy has committed to electrifying 50% of buses by 2030 and M• mi-Dade County Schools has
committed to 100% clean energy use by 2030.
Because the City does not own or operate the public rail or b fleets and lacks control over many of the
major arterial streets in the City, we ultimately have limiteauthority to influence transit service,
infrastructure expansion, or roadway design decisions to ncrease space for non -automotive travel.
These factors limit the City's ability to directly influen travel mode shift to transit, beyond partnership,
to overcome the limited regional vehicle travel red tion projections for 2035 and beyond.
In 2021, the state of Florida passed SB 1128/HB 19 that limits local governments' ability to enact or
enforce any policies that restrict or prohibit t►e types or fuel sources of energy production. Therefore,
Miami cannot restrict or ban the use of fos fuels in buildings, which will delay the City's progress
toward electrification or using carbon-fr energy sources. Because the City can no longer mandate the
use of certain fuels, we will need to in est heavily in programs that incentivize voluntary building
retrofits or net-zero/all-electric ne construction.
Much like on -road emission sou es, the City does not have direct control over its water supply or
wastewater treatment proce . and therefore has minimal opportunities to fully reduce these emissions.
Technological barriers in w-.stewater treatment can also limit opportunities to achieve zero emissions in
this category. Communi efforts to reduce water consumption through water -efficient appliances or
other best practices c. Id provide some related GHG reductions in these sub -sectors, but ultimately
decisions to fully re• ce these emissions fall outside the City's direct control. Therefore, remaining
emissions in thes- sub -sectors are likely to be addressed through the approaches described in the next
section.
Many com ercial businesses may prefer to use natural gas kitchen equipment over electric options
given hi: upfront costs to replace existing equipment, comfort and proficiency in using existing gas
equip ent, or specific business needs that require gas equipment. The Plan focuses on encouraging
BloombergNEF Electric Vehicle Outlook 2020. https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-
outlook/#:^':text=Passenger%20EV%20sales%20i umped%20from,sales%20spread%20to%20new%20markets
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
adoption of electric appliances at the end -of -useful -life of natural gas appliances, but the City is pre
empted from enacting electrification requirements.
Finally, fugitive emissions from natural gas transmission and distribution are associated with I' aks in an
infrastructure network maintained by utility companies and overseen by state and federal r gulators.
The City's best option to reduce these emissions is to minimize use of natural gas citywidthrough
implementation of GHG Plan strategies. The City will also continue to work with utiliti-. on improving
efficiency of these distribution systems to minimize leaks and fugitive emissions. Fu re GHG inventory
updates will help demonstrate how these actions have contributed to emissions r-ductions in this sub -
sector too.
Cities can demonstrate carbon neutrality in different ways, but each met .d generally tries to balance
any remaining emissions with actions that cancel out those emissions - ewhere. These actions can
include natural carbon sequestration (such as through forest restora on or regenerative agricultural
practices), industrial -based carbon removal and storage practices, .r purchasing carbon credits from a
verified global marketplace to support GHG reduction activities Accurring in other locations.
During Plan updates, the City will maintain channels of com unication that support ongoing dialogue
among residents, community organizations, businesses, e -cted officials, and City staff. Part of this
conversation will include discussing community prefere' ces for how we balance any remaining
emissions in 2050 to demonstrate achievement of o carbon neutrality target.
Page 51
Appendix A — New Economy Report
To be added.
SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Appendix B — Action Evaluation Results
The City evaluated all plan actions against 9 co -benefit and feasibility criteria. For a given action, each evaluation criterion was rated on a
qualitative rating scale to reflect the degree to which implementation of the action will impact that criterion. The following tables pr ent the
rating scales used for the co -benefit and feasibility criteria. All co -benefits were evaluated using the same rating scale shown in t first table,
ranging from Very Positive to Very Negative. Feasibility rating scales were customized to each criterion, as show in the remai - ng tables.
Assessing action impacts across multiple criteria helped to provide a more complete picture of the actions' broader imp.. - beyond GHG
reductions.
The ASAP tool provides different graphic and tabular outputs to help users interpret the evaluation results, w are provided in part at the end
of this appendix, including a ranking of actions by GHG reduction potential (see Figure B1), actions by co-• efit score (see Figure B2), and
actions by feasibility score (see Figure B3). The City team identified actions that appear in each of the ists as a starting point for prioritization
because these actions provide high GHG reductions, important additional community benefits, a ave a higher degree of implementation
feasibility. The City team also chose to prioritize actions that provide specific community co-b efits, including positive benefits for climate
justice, green infrastructure, and jobs creation.
The remainder of this appendix presents the full evaluation results for each action.
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NOTE: Highlighted actions are prioritized actions
Co -Benefit Rating Legend (Public Health, Greenspace and Green
Infrastructure, Employment, Cost of Living)
Very Negative
The action has a negative impact across the
community
Somewhat
Negative
The action has a negative impact across a small
portion of the community or a slightly negative impact
across the entire community
Neutral
The action has no impact, or the impact is unknown
Somewhat
Positive
The action has a positive impact across a small portion
of the community or a slightly positive impact across
the entire community
Very Positive
The action has a positive impact across the community
Complexity to Implement — City Rating Legend
Very Complex
The City has no authority, requires major policy
change, no available staff or expertise
Somewhat
Complex
Between not complex and very complex
Not Complex
No authority or policy barriers, staff capa ' y available
Additional Costs — City and Private Rating Leg
Very Large Cost
City: >$1 million
Private: Approx. cost of a :.lar installation or EV
Large Cost
City: $500k-$1 millio
Private: Approx. .st of HVAC replacement or EV
charger
Some Cost
City: $50. 500k
Priva : Approx. cost of making a building EV or solar
r-:dy
Very Little .st
City: $0-$50k
Private: Approx. cost of lightbulb or fixture
replacement
o Cost
City and Private: $0
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Climate Justice Rating Legend
Negative
The action is relevant to climate j ice communities and
does not address equity or ha : negative impact on
equity
Neutral
The action does not -.dress an issue/sector that affects
climate justice c. munities
Positive
The action ' relevant to climate justice communities and
active) .ddresses and has a positive impact on equity
olitical Acceptability Rating Legend
Politically
Challenging
The action is challenging to implement due to negative
public opinion and stakeholder pushback
Neutral or
Unclear
The action is neither politically acceptable or challenging
due to unclear or truly split public opinion
Politically
Acceptable
The action is acceptable to implement due to positive
public opinion and stakeholder support
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
dditional Costs -
Private
G-1: Reduce emissions for
City employee commute.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Challenging
V y Little
Cost
No Cost
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -
Dade County and local
advocacy groups to increase
utilization of biking as a
transit method by
implementing the Bicycle
Master Plan and expanding
the number of protected,
green bikeways.
Very
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Very Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
G-3: Expand micromobility
options throughout the
entire city including Citibikes,
scooters, and electric bikes.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
,.
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
No Cost
G-4: Develop a Trolley Master
Plan including a long-term
vision for the program and
route updates.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Very
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Large Cost
No Cost
G-5: Build upon existing
transit -oriented development
policies in Miami21 to
increase residential density,
access to goods and services,
and decrease single -
occupancy vehicle use
focusing on areas surrounding
Metrorail stations.
Somewhat
Positive
),/Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Negative
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
G-6: Establish parking
disincentives, such as parking
maximums and dynamic
parking prices, to disc age
the use of single o pancy
gas vehicles.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Negative
Somewhat
Negative
Negative
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additional osts -
p ' ate
G-7: Adopt transportation
demand management
ordinance to require certain
employers and developers to
establish plans to reduce
single -occupant vehicle use
and traffic during peak hours
among employees and
residents.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
Some Cost
G-8: Work with partner
entities to create bus lanes in
strategic, key corridors.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
G-9: Work with Miami -Dade
County and local advocacy
groups to increase utilization
of public transit through
investments in safety,
improving public transit
literacy, and campaigns.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
,,`
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
G-10: Improve pedestrian
experience and safety
through investments in
sidewalks such as ADA
compliance measures and
increasing number of
crosswalks, especially in low -
medium income areas.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
omewhat
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
R-1: Starting in 2024, require
all new buildings to be solar-
ready and storage -ready.
Neut :
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Negative
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
No Cost
Some Cost
R-2: Join FPL SolarTogether
program to purchase City's
building electricity fro ..lar.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Large Cost
No Cost
R-3: Promote corn . ity
participation in L
SolarToget program,
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additio Costs -
rivate
especially among renters, to
purchase 100% of their
electricity from solar.
Z
R-4: Provide additional policy
and financial incentives to
encourage private solar
installations and identify
incentives that would appeal
to owners of affordable
housing
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
I
No Cost
R-5: Install solar and storage
in public buildings or parking
structures where feasible,
prioritizing critical facilities.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Large
Cost
No Cost
R-6: Partner with community
organizations such as local
non -profits, trade
organizations, and electric
and gas utilities, to develop a
building electrification
education program to provide
information and technical
assistance.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Sewhat
Negative
Neutral
Not
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
EV-1: Develop EV Master
Plan to support the growth
of electric vehicle ownership.
Neutral
Neutr,.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
EV-2: Develop technical
guidance for building
owners/managers to
facilitate in EV charging
infrastructure installations in
existing buildings.
Ne al
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
EV-3: Partner with majo
employers and multi : mily
building owners % install EV
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
Large Cost
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Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additio Costs -
rivate
chargers in parking
lots/garages.
EV-4: Build on EV Capability
Ordinance to require EV
charger installations in new
developments starting in
2025.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
Large Cost
EV-5: Partner with existing
electric vehicle non -profits to
promote public awareness of
the benefits and real costs of
EV purchasing and ownership,
especially addressing low-
income drivers and their
concerns.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public
vehicle fleet, including
trolleys by 2035.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Large Cost
No Cost
EV-7: Evaluate the potential
to implement a low emission
zone in the urban core.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
• tral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
EV-8: Evaluate implementing
an electric vehicle -sharing
program within
neighborhoods with low car
ownership.
Neutral
Neutral
N: tral
Neutral
Positive
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
E-1: Implement Building
Efficiency 305 (BE305)
program requiring energy
benchmarking and disclosure
for commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over
20,000 sq. ft
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Some Cost
Very Little Cost
E-2: Improve public benefits
and green buildings track' - g
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
No Cost
Some Cost
Page 58
SUBSTITUTED.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Add' ' nal Costs -
Private
to increase program
participation and impact.
E-3: Require all new public
buildings to be built to zero
net energy standards starting
in 2025.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral o
Unc r
Some Cost
No Cost
E-4: Adopt a residential,
single-family home energy
rating and disclosure
ordinance.
Neutral
Neutral
Very Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Negative
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Very Little
Cost
Some Cost
E-5: Adopt building
performance standard for
commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of Miami
municipal buildings over
20,000 sq. ft
Neutral
Neutral
Very Positive
Neutral
i‘!eutral
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Large Cost
Large Cost
E-6: Establish residential,
single-family home energy
conservation requirements.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Very Positive
Very
Positive
Positive
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
Very Little
Cost
Large Cost
E 7: Develop energy
reduction targets for City of
Miami municipal buildings.
Neutral
Neutral
eutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
E-8: Provide incentives for
construction firms to use
locally -sourced materials with
low -embodied carbon and
high efficiency fixtures.
Neutral
utral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
E-9: Make all non -emergency
energy use in existing public
buildings carbon -free by
2035. Explore and adopt a
much clean energy
emergency genera ' n and
battery storag s possible.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Large Cost
No Cost
A-1: Impro city data on
waste eams and disposal.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Very
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
No Cost
Some Cost
Page 59
SUBSTITUTED.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additio Costs -
rivate
Establish a per capital waste
goal.
A-2: Train City employees on
emerging resilient and
sustainable buildings
initiatives and technologies
including solar PVs, energy
storage, EV charging, energy
efficiency, electrification,
and climate adaptation
policies.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Some Cost
No Cost
A-3: Implement green and
sustainable special events
program.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutr,
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
Very Little Cost
A-4: Train City staff on
climate change.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
A-5: Work with existing
advocacy organizations and
non -profits to improve
citywide climate literacy and
awareness.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
No Cost
A-6: Improve recycling
participation and reduce
contamination.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
A-7: Work with community
composting organizations to
increase household
composting.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Neutral or
Unclear
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
A-8: Help restaurants and
businesses reduce their waste
stream by connecting them
with resources to reduc
single -use plastic, in rate
composting, and cover and
redistribute rplus food.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Not
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Very Little
Cost
No Cost
Page 60
SUBSTITUTED.
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Action
(priority in yellow)
Public
Health
Greenspace
and Green
Infrastructure
Employment
Cost of
Living
Climate
Justice
Complexity
to
Implement
- City
Political
Acceptability
Additional
Costs -
City
Additio I Costs -
rivate
A-9: Lobby for climate
forward policies at the state
and federal level.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
No Cost
A-10: Advocate for climate -
forward policies from FPL that
support carbon -free energy at
scale and energy efficiency.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Not
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
No Cost
A-11: Develop a financial and
technical assistance program
that helps residents,
particularly low-income, to
pursue climate action.
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Somewhat
Positive
Positive
Very .X
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
Large Cost
No Cost
A-12: Establish construction
and demolition waste
diversion requirements.
Neutral
Neutral
Somewhat
Positive
Neutral
Ne - al
Very
Complex
Politically
Challenging
No Cost
Some Cost
A-13: Develop end -of -life
requirements for solar PV and
other relevant renewable
energy technologies,
including battery storage.
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Nral
Neutral
Somewhat
Complex
Politically
Acceptable
No Cost
Very Little Cost
SUBSTITUTED.
Figure B1-Action Evaluation - Top GHG Reduction Score Action's
■ Emissions Reduction Score
0 2
*E-S:CornmerrIal building energy performance standard ordinance
* E-2: Improve p utkc benefits and green buildings tratarg to increase program partkgxlcn and enpad
*R.d' Provide pact' and fryneial ineenOWS for prrrate Soar ostanetlort5cdigderrng ofeCidiblt booing owner}
R•3: Promote community part Kipation In dal Saari -CEO erprogran,. efpaNally ampng renter;
R-2: Join FPL SelacTogether program to purchase-City's building ekrtrielty from solar.
* EV+6: Adopt EV poky to eledrdy 150%of prddn vehicle fleet, ireludingtreleys, 60035
R4: InSil solo and storage In public buddmgs or parrong Strtntures wh ere feasiple, prreritriurg ert eat Eadrdies
*E-9: Make aR non-errrergenny energy oar in exist ing pn Lk buildings carbein•Gee by 2035.
* E-3: hew pubic Tidings to achieve Seto net energy standards stil rtang in ada5
G-4: Ilevelopa Trolley Master flan including a long-termvisren for the program and route kipdams.
*6-3; Expand lei aamabdity options throughout the entire city including Crn bikes, scooters, and electak bikes.
G-91 Work with Miami -Slade County and local advocacy groups to increase w+liranon of pubic transit
Ci$: Vwod with partner entities to create buslanes in strategic. key Corridors
G-la Improve pedestrian experience and safety through investments in sidewalks, especially In LMI areas.
*G-2: Collaborate with r Dane County and local advocacy groups to implement the Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the...
*E-1: Commercial budding benchmarlu ng and reporting orQrrance
*EV.2; Teen ( Meal guidancpfar buildinsg dwrMrsymanagev4tdNelda teinEV Charging rnkaatructure inilanaticrd® eriifingbolding3
R-6, Foisting buidng electribcatton edacatrn program
* E- : Residential, single-family home energy conservation requirements
* Bd: tome energy rating and disclosure ord Chance
*A-11; Develop asshstrce pragra m that helps residents, portico Wdy krw-ascorre, to po rsue climate action
*EV.}: Partner withenain( employers to instal EV chargers in paring lots/garages.
-a: Reduce city employee commutIngemisslons
* E-5: Commercial b uWmg energy conserrAle n ardinaice at point of sale/lease
G-7;Adopt traraaportalcs) demand management o rdinance to require certamemployers/developers to reduce singlecncupanL.,
G-5; Bond upon existing tranvt mienled derebpment pt 1.cies in Mlamr21
*EV+a: Build on EV Capahrlrty Ordnance to requ ire E V charger insralla 1 arts in new developments starting in Ma
RV-9: Evaluate implementing an oleo¢ veIxle-shanng programwrthm neighborhoods with tow Caron rip.
01: Establish parking d entre.
E-0;9rawde incentives for mnstructran Puns to use local y'-soused materials with law -embodied carbon andhgh err ency fixtures,
15 Starr
actions are prioritized actions
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Primary Benefits - Emissions Reduction Score
Interaction Score
8
0 12 14 1 t,
Page 62
* G.2:C.OE4901
SUBSTITUTED.
Figure 82 —Action Evaluation —Top Co -Benefit Score Actions16
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Ca -benefits Criteria Score
■ Health and Wellbeing ■ Environment ■ Economic Prosperity Essential Public Services
r! -2 0
and Taal advocacfgroups to implement the Bicycle Master Plan anal erpaMing the number of protected, green Merin,
*E-*: Residential, sinige.lamity do me energy conservative requirements.
Gam: 0evelopa trolley master Plan including a longterm vision for the program and route updates.
* G-3: Expand metro mobil rty options through Cat the entire city arc !riding c 1 bikes, scooters, and r4ertrrr hikes.
*A-11: Develop assistance program that helps residents; parboiled y low-utcdne, to pursue climate action
15-6: Work with partner enbb m to create bus lanes in strategic, Joey corridors,
6-10; Improve pedestrian experience and safety through investments in sidewalks, especially in LMI seas,
A-8: Help restaurants a Rd businesses reduce their waste stream by con meeting dvem with resources to reduce single use plastic, integrate composting, and recover and,.,
G-9: Work with Miami -Dade coo nfy and local advocacy groups to increase uiibtaliun of pubb transit
* EV-5; Adopt EV policy to electrify 10O4i of pail k vehicle fleet, including trolleys, try 2035
*E-2: Improeepublic benefits and green build ings tracking to increase program pa rti<ipaton and imp act
* 0.4: Provide policy and financial incentives kW private Wl err instant,/ mos (Doddering all -Deniable h0usig owners
* E-32 Cmmrt.ITNA building energy performance standard Ord mane
EV-5: Partner with exhtug elector wehkie ncm-profits to promote public awareness Evs, espeo all y addressk0 Pee income d rivers
G-7: Adopt Pa nspo tatIOn demand management ordnance to r equrreonrta In employers/developers-to reduce single -occupant othde use
* EV-4: Evaluate implementing an electric vehicle -sharing program within neighborhoods with low car ownership.
*E-9; make all not -emergency energy use in cxesungpublic buddings carbon -free by2{i35-
* Ev-al Build an EV Capabil rly Ordinance to require EV charger Irntaltaa ors in new developments starting in 2025
*EV3; Partner with major employers to install EV di angers in panting Iotggar es.
*G-1; Eked Ike crty employee commuting Isnine
* E-3: New public buildings to achieve rem net energy standards s - ng in 2025
* ES: COmme.cial building energy oonsonration wdm ante ;+IM of salelleaae
A-12: ERatrtash ocestr cti on and demolition waste • Sion requirements.
* E-1: Cormnercld bulkding benchma i • and reporting ordehaaip
E-$: Provide Incentives for cons-U rtgn brims to ,seIryrilly-corned maw Os wi#h low- nvhgdinr1 car -_ and high doffIClener futures.
Rd' Existing bit, ,,, eleclr:IIcance education program
* Ed: H. ennergy rating and disclosure ordinance
G-5: Rmld upo n existing tr.:--:. -oriented development pdrcles in Mianu2l
E-F: Develop energy red --..n targets For City of A4arni municipal buildings.
dings.
A-4; Train Olty staff on climate change
thhsrni•WdeC
16 Sta -d actions are prioritized actions
2
Inclusivity and Civil Society
4 6
Page 63
8
■Authority
SUBSTITUTED.
Figure B3 — Action Evaluation —Top Feasibility Score Actions17
• Support
Feasibility Criteria Score
■ Financing and Funding
*R-3. Frontage Comm wily part cipatton in FPL SadarTpgetle r p rogram, et pecially among renters
EV- ; technical gu itbnce for bdIdrng triune ,/ngnageis L> foci Matt in EV charpn; infrastructure rntilaIlatipe; in east irQ bulking;
EV9: Evaluate Implemental an electricvehldesharneg program with.n neighborhoods with low ibr ownership.
A-4: Lobby For climate -Forward potties at the state and federal level.
A6: Improx recyeiint partieipation and iodate contamination
Prpvidr hcantim for cpn;tluctron fern; to toe heaI-ypyrrcd materials with low-emgpdirtd carton easel hg effiden[Vfivt irpi.
dv8: Help restaurants and bisinesses reduce their waste urea m by connecting deem with resources to reduce smZte use plastic, .rtgirate compo,Un . and recover and...
* R-4 Provide ptlicY and financial ireenti.m for private saint installations canseleiontafferadahle housing Mends
*EV-1. Develop City EV charting Master Plan
EV-€;: Partner with eu;teng electric vehicle non-profit; 90 promdte public awareness Ens• especially addrewoe low-income doers
A4: grain I7tystaff an climate change
R-6: Erdal% building eleclr iFeat:en otheation pietram
E-7- Elevslpp merry reduction tar s# for eke pf Miamimrniepal building;
A-13, Dv/clop.Ard-Pf.Ide re Nire nenk. far solar PV and otherretreantrenewabte Cncegy tech. /101 a, including battery sterna'
A-10: Advocate for donate -forward motif is from FPL
G5: Bold upon teistingtrensit-dnserlteddvdppmMt poke iea rnM.ami21
EV-1- Evaluate the patenEal tip implement a low emission ran, m the urban core
G-G Establish park.ntdisincerrtwe
A-3:: Intrkreent green and sesta.reble specwl events Pro
G3 Work with Maanti-Dade CantyAnd Ire.Med,6eaey troops toinaeau ul ileatian of nob . [Iniit
End- !fleet -twee the kaaibrlgy nterna I cpmbu taxi engine p out policy
A 7: Work with community composting or naatims to increase hots- +d composting.
-*f.-2: Train City eettioresm emerging resilient and sustaiiwble buikints initiatiaes and iechrologies inducing solar P. energy swr-r. charging energy._.
*Gl: Reduce- c IA, erne acorneteng er ia.s
* EV•3: Partner vwt7.rraJor ereployc . to,n s'.all £l' c rrs in perk ng lots)garagci.
*E.2: improvepu'bliic be nefits andgreenhudefines tracking to ncrea . + ragmen partidpat ion and impact
*G-3: Eareatd m.tronwtility options tivraeghout the entirecity induct de bikes, scooters, and elerttit bibs.
* El: NOW obl,c t ald.ngs ro athiev-. ro net eve rgy standards startng v 2425
* R•1: Starting.n 2022, r • all .ew tuldings to be soEar r storage ready.
* A. 1: Improve cry data on waste st anddaposal- Establish& per capital waste goal.
17 Starred actions are prioritized actions
-2
0 1
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
• Technology
Page 64
SUBSTITUTED.
Appendix C— Implementation Roadmap
Implementation Roadmap Introduction
Miami used the C40 Cities Action Selection and Prioritization (ASAP) tool to evaluate individual actions' relative emissio : reduction potential
and their impact on nine co -benefit and feasibility criteria. The GHG reduction scores were based local city data, rel- ant studies, and results
from similar action implementation to evaluate their emissions reduction potential. The co -benefit and feasibili . evaluation criteria were
developed to align with community and City priorities (see Appendix B for more information).
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
The results of the ASAP evaluation were then used to prioritize 20 actions which will help the City:
• Highlight actions that would benefit from deeper analysis in the implementation
• Sequence first actions that are foundational to our success
• Elevate actions the City must move on in the next 3 years
• Identify action leads and partner departments and outside entities
• Create a short-term workplan
map
Seven building energy efficiency actions and five electric vehicle actio were prioritized due to their high level of direct GHG impact, city
authority to implement, and co -benefits to residents. The remain' g actions address carbon -free energy (two actions), mobility (three actions),
and additional enabling actions (three actions). Fewer action ere prioritized in these categories because they do not result in large direct GHG
reduction impacts or are promoting actions that fall prim ily outside of the City's direct control, like advocacy for transportation infrastructure
improvements.
The Implementation Roadmap (Roadmap) s . sorts monitoring and evaluation of the 20 prioritized actions in the GHG Reduction Plan. The
Roadmap was developed with input coil- ed through multiple departmental interviews to identify the primary steps for successful action
implementation to make significant • ogress in the next three to five years. It identifies lead entities, partners, implementation milestones,
corresponding GHG Plan sub -go. , action baseline status, implementation metrics, initial funding needs, and staffing needs for each of the
prioritized actions.
This Roadmap will h
actions at least
improve the City's ability to manage and implement the GHG Reduction Plan. The City will provide updates on these
ery two years as part of the GHG Inventory process.
Page 65
SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Acronyms
ACS — American Community Survey
DolT— Department of Innovation and Technology
DREAM — Department of Real Estate Asset Management
FDOT — Florida Department of Transportation
GSA — General Services Administration
MPA — Miami Parking Authority
PZAB — Planning, Zoning, and Appeals Board
RPW — Resilience and Public Works
Page 66
SUBSTITUTED.
Action # and Title:
G-1: Reduce emissions for City employee commute.
Action Details:
COVID-19 demonstrated that working remotely is possible and
effective for City employees and some local businesses. The City
should continue to permit employees to work from home and
monitor participation. Additional measures to consider would be
improving public transit benefits and implementing a parking fee.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Human Resources
Partners
All City departments
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 24)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Centralize data from work from home ' t program.
2. Coordinate a Commute to Work sur y for City employees to
determine additional areas of o ortunity.
3. Evaluate union -related con ns (if any) and work to develop
solutions.
4. Ensure reducing em yee commute is a consideration for
new administra ' e building project.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
15% sh' away from private vehicle trips compared to 2018
lev by 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most rece
data)
etric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
% of
employees that
are eligible for
work from
home
N/A
Include total
employees
2021, Human
Resources
Miami Forever Carbon Neutra
Page 67
SUBSTITUTED.
% of all
N/A
Include total
2021, Human
employees that
participate in
partial work
from home
employees
Resources
City employees
commute to
work mode
split
N/A
Will need to
survey
employees
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Z
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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SUBSTITUTED.
G-2: Collaborate with Miami -Dade County and local advocacy groups
Action # and Title:
to increase utilization of biking as a transit method by implementing
the Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the number of protected,
green bikeways.
As the County controls most public streets, collaboration is necessary
for Miami to implement its Bicycle Master Plan. This action includes
Action Details:
greening the bicycle network and installing shade, water fountains,
and bike repair infrastructure along bike paths to improve rider
comfort and safety.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
Planning, Transit Alliance, Miami -Dade Co ty, FDOT, developers
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 ye. ' (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Release updated Bike Ma -r Plan. Socialize updated Master
Plan with developers, '.n-profits and other stakeholders.
2. Integrate Bike Ma -r Plan with City Capital Plan.
3. Define City pr- -rences roadway updates (e.g., shading, bike
lanes, etc
4. Creat- ansit-oriented development bike extension policy
5. U•.ate City's application to League of American Bicyclists Bike
riendly Communities program.
.. City to consider playing more active role in bike community
through committee participation and other methods of
support.
Goals and Metri
Corres ding GHG Plan
Sub oal(s)
15% shift away from private vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels by
2035
Metric Baseline Value Details Source
Miami Forever Carbon Neutra
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SUBSTITUTED.
Implementation Metrics
Miles of
30.3
Not sharrows
2021, RPW
and Baseline (most recent
dedicated bike
Transportation
data)
lane
Division
Commuter trips
by bike
0.9%
2019, ACS 5-
year
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Capital funds dedicated to creating new and maintaining
existing bike lanes
•
Marketing and public service announcements on bikes
and awareness
ty
Staffing Needs
•
None
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Page 70
SUBSTITUTED.
G-3
Action # and Title:
G-3: Expand micromobility options throughout the entire city
including Citibikes, scooters, and electric bikes.
Action Details:
Currently, most micromobility options are concentrated in District 2
and safety concerns will need to be addressed prior to expanding.
This action can aid residents without cars and considers free service
for specific users.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
City Commissioners, Citibike, scooter vendors
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Improve enforcement mechanisms for safety '.lations -
shared enforcement across companies.
2. Improve perception of shared mobilit .rograms with City
Commissioners.
3. Adopt ordinance approving e .. nsion of scooter program
boundaries. Ensure other ared mobility programs are
permitted Citywide as . ell.
4. Continue to pilot -•oter corrals. Expand use if successful.
5. Work with Cit'es and County to recommend locations for
new Citibi - stations.
6. Align - ared mobility expansions with bike network
i ovements.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG
Plan Sub-goal(s)
15% shift away from private vehicle trips compared to 2018 levels by
2035
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Types of
micromobility
3
docked bikes and
e-bikes, scooters
2021,
Transportation
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Page 71
SUBSTITUTED.
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most
recent data)
options available
in the City
Division of
RPW
Number of
Citibike stations
60
In the City of
Miami, some are
on private
property, most in
the right-of-way
2021,
Transportation
Division of
RPW
Number of
scooters
2021,
Transportatio
Division of
RPW
Number of e-
bikes
100
Citi Bike
launching 100 e-
bikes within
overall are ,
includi Miami,
Mi i Beach, Bal
arbor
20 ,
ransportation
Division of
RPW
Districts in which
micromobility
programs are
available
1
District 2
2021,
Transportation
Division of
RPW
Commute trips b
bike
0.9%
2019 ACS 5-
year
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
•
Capital funds dedicated to creating new and maintaining
existing bike lanes
Marketing and public service announcements on safety and
awareness
Staffi eeds
•
Shared mobility programs needs a dedicated manager (part-
time)
z
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Action # and Title:
R-1: Starting in 2024, require all new buildings to be solar -ready and
storage -ready.
Action Details:
This requirement would also apply to existing buildings at the time of
substantial retrofit. In the future, the policy could be expanded to
require new buildings to install solar. Installing a storage -ready solar
system will reduce future battery installation costs.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building, developers, solar advocacy groups and installers, P A ^"
contractors
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 20 4)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Partner with solar advocacy group to rev'- national best
practices and craft a draft ordinance. ighlight economic
benefits.
2. Review internally with releva City departments. Consider
alignments with Miami21
3. Socialize with Commi .'oners and development stakeholders.
Make adjustment .s needed.
4. Bring ordinan - to Commission. Will need two readings.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
100cY arbon-free electricity 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most rec
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
% of new
buildings built
in [YEAR] that
are solar -ready
N/A
Building
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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SUBSTITUTED.
and storage -
ready
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Page 74
SUBSTITUTED.
Action # and Title:
R-4: Provide additional policy and financial incentives to encourage
private solar installations and identify incentives that would appeal to
owners of affordable housing.
Solar incentives are necessary to encourage residents and businesses
to voluntarily install solar. The City will need to engage the
development community to understand new areas of opportunity in
Action Details:
the Zoning code as the City already has solar friendly permitting. In
addition, the City can promote existing financing pathways including
Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE), Solar and Energy Loan Fu
(SELF), and Solar United Neighbors (SUN) Co-op.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building, developers, SolSmart, solar advo-.cy groups and installers,
PACE contractors
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-. ears (by end of 2026)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Complete SolSmart c- ification.
2. Partner with solar .dvocacy group to review national best
practices and • -termine recommendations.
3. Leverage - sting building/development advisory groups to
seek f •dback and ideas for incentives.
4. Co -ct feedback and craft ordinance proposing a set of solar
ncentives.
. Improve internal data collection of installed solar.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding G
Plan Sub -go s)
100% carbon -free electricity by 2035
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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SUBSTITUTED.
Implementation
Metrics and Baseline
(most recent data)
# of solar
permits granted
N/A
Building
Per capita
solar PV (watts
DC per person)
9.99
Shining Cities
per capita solar
PV rank: 53
Environment
America Shining
Cities 2020
report18
Total installed
solar PV
(MW DC)
4.7
Shining Cities
total solar PV
rank: 52
Environment
America Shining
Cities 2020 7
report
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Z
18 http . /environmentamerica.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Shining-Cities-2020/EA_Shining_Cities_scrn.pdf
Miami Forever Carbon Neutra
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EV-1
Action # and Title:
EV-1: Develop EV Master Plan to support the growth of electric
vehicle ownership.
Action Details:
A Master Plan would help the City anticipate and support the growing
electric vehicle market. Through this process the City would develop
private sector partners, policies, metrics, and an expanded charger
network map. Overall, this plan should help the City understand what
supporting infrastructure is needed and where.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
MPA, GSA, FPL, Tesla, EV charging companies, Ele ification Coalition,
EV advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years . ' end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Conduct research on Miami's 1 market: growth projections,
owner geography, gap an. sis of existing EV charger
infrastructure, car derships that sell EVs, etc.
2. Establish public-prfate working group to recommend timing
and location o arging infrastructure expansion on City and
private pr..erties. Evaluate needs for other support such as
polici-. and tools such as adding EV charging to environmental
i .ct assessment criteria and developing a substantial
mprovement clause.
. Create and publish EV Charging Master Plan with map.
4. Seek partnerships and funding for installation of charging
infrastructure.
Goals and Metri
Corresp ding GHG Plan
Sub oal(s)
40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Metric Baseline Value Details Source
Miami Forever Carbon Neutr
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Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Total # of EV
chargers in the
City
N/A
Total # of EV
chargers on
16
Miami Parking
Authority and
City -owned
property
GSA, 2021
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Consultant potentially needed for market research
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
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EV-2
Action # and Title:
EV-2: Develop technical guidance for building owners/managers to
facilitate in EV charging infrastructure installations in existing
buildings.
Action Details:
Technical barriers to installing EV chargers can be overcome with the
proper guidance and troubleshooting related to common building
types/challenges in Miami. Additional guidance will be provided to
help private fleets transition to EVs.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW V
Partners
Building, Planning, EV charging companies, EV advocacy gr -ups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 20
Implementation
Milestones
1. Source existing technical guides.
2. Seek partnership with private buildin nd businesses
interested in installing EV chargers understand their
questions and concerns.
3. Speak with existing EV inst ers about common questions and
concerns.
4. Determine metho o address with relevant Building and
Planning staff.
5. Develop a promote web -based and downloadable guidance.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
4 /O of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Implementation Metric
and Baseline (most cent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of EV charger
permits
N/A
Building
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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granted in
[YEAR]
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Temp special projects coordinator or consultant to lead
development
•
City needs an electric vehicles subject matter expert
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EV-3
Action # and Title:
EV-3: Partner with major employers and multifamily building owners
to install EV chargers in parking lots/garages.
Action Details:
Key employers include hospitals, banks, universities, and more. The
City can provide free and/or expedited permitting.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
Planning, Building, large employers, EV charging companies
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Seek partnership with private buildings and bus'-esses
interested in installing EV chargers.
2. Connect partners with local EV chargin: 'ompanies.
3. Pilot technical guidance materials a . other project facilitating
products.
4. Consider how projects can p tner with Opportunity Center.
5. Promote partners and e - ate them as green champions.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
40% of register passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
T al # of EV
chargers in the
City
N/A
Funding and R ources
Initial nding Needs
• No additional resources needed
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Staffing Needs
SUBSTITUTED.
• Temp special projects coordinator or consultant to lead
development
• City needs an electric vehicles subject matter expert
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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EV-4
Action # and Title:
EV-4: Build on EV Capability Ordinance to require EV charger
installations in new developments starting in 2025.
Action Details:
The current EV Capability Ordinance requires new construction over a
certain size to install EV-ready spaces for 20% of new off-street
parking. Miami could expand upon this ordinance to require the
installation of EV chargers.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building, Zoning, developers, EV advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 202A
Implementation
Milestones
Sequence ordinance updates: EV Ready (plug-in rea. 1 and then EV
Charger requirement. For each ordinance updat:, the following steps
must occur:
1. Partner with EV advocacy group • review national best
practices and craft text ame : ment. Understand financial
commitment.
2. Craft text amendme o existing ordinance and review
internally with PI. ning, Building, and Zoning to ensure
enforcement
3. Socialize h Commissioners and development stakeholders.
Make .:justments as needed.
4. Fi.: ized text amendment is put out for public comment, then
goes to PZAB, and finally will have two reading at City
Commission.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding
Plan Sub -go s)
G
40% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Metric Baseline Value Details
Source
z
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Implementation
Metrics and Baseline
(most recent data)
Current new
parking EV
charger
requirement
EV capable
Planning,
2021
# of EV capable
spots created
since
ordinance
passed
N/A
Ordinance 13943
requiring 20% of
new off-street
parking to be EV
capable passed in
November 2020
Building
# of EV charger
permits
granted in
[YEAR]
N/A
Building
Total # of EV
chargers in the
City
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional reso ces needed
Staffing Needs
•
Potential new
ordinance
osition needed to enforce green building
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EV-6
Action # and Title:
EV-6: Electrify 100% of public vehicle fleet, including trolleys by 2035.
Action Details:
The City will work with the Electrification Coalition and other
technical support teams to develop an EV transition plan. The City will
develop information on lessons learned through this process to share
with private fleet managers. Emergency response vehicles have been
excluded in the near -term, but they will upgrade when feasible.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
GSA
Partners
Procurement, RPW, Police, Solid Waste, Fire, Electrification . aition,
EV advocacy organizations
Phase
Phase 3: significant progress in 7 or more years (2027 : nd beyond)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Install additional EV chargers at City facil' 'es to support
increased City fleet charging needs.
2. Work with Electrification Coalitio► and other EV advocacy
organizations as well as relev- t City departments to develop
procurement policy and f ' et transition plan.
3. Propose Commission - ocurement policy that requires
consideration of - -ctric vehicles for City fleet purchases.
4. Review City u►'on contracts to identify opportunities for EV
procurem- t.
5. Train A staff to conduct maintenance on electric vehicles.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG
Plan Sub-goal(s)
% of registered passenger vehicles are electric by 2035
Metric
Baseline
Value
Details
Source
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Implementation Metrics
% of total fleet
0%
General Fleet: 730
GSA, 2021
and Baseline (most
vehicles that are
vehicles. 0 electric
recent data)
electric
vehicles. 107 Hybrid
vehicles.
Marked Police: 1,300
vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 0 hybrid
vehicles.
Administrative Police:
357 vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 124 hybrid
vehicles.
Other Police: 201
vehicles. 0 el- - ric
vehicles. I ybrid
vehicl- .
eavy Fleet: 436
vehicles. 0 electric
vehicles. 0 hybrid
vehicles.
% of trolleys
that are el ric
0%
City has 54 trolleys, 12
owned by County.
RPW, 2021
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Need
•
Hire a company to provide training or tuition reimbursement
for EV maintenance courses for GSA staff.
Staffing Nee
•
No additional resources needed
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Action # and Title:
E-1: Implement Building Efficiency 305 (BE305) program requiring
energy benchmarking and disclosure for commercial, multi -family
residential, and City of Miami municipal buildings over 20,000 sq. ft.
Action Details:
Tracking and reporting energy consumption is the first step to
understanding GHG reduction opportunities in buildings. Larger
buildings produce a higher percentage of GHG emissions, so they are
targeted through these actions. Implementation would include the
education and training of building owners.
/
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
GSA, DREAM
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by - d of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Assign staff to oversee the progr. and train new hires.
2. Create standard operating pr edures for program and finalize
internal rule making
3. Develop outreach m. -rials
4. Benchmark appli ..le City buildings
5. Create guida - on public disclosure for property owners and
City staff
6. Integr, e program with iBuild
7. W . k with FPL on automatic energy data collection
8. aunch online program portal
•. Begin notifying covered building owners of compliance
timeline, requirements, and resources
Goals and Metrics
Correspon
Sub -go s)
g GHG Plan
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Metric Baseline Value Details Source
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
# of buildings
reporting
energy use
N/A
Buildings are
required to
start reporting
energy use in
2023
Building
Average energy
use OR
emissions
intensity for
participating
buildings
N/A
Buildings are
required to
start reporting
energy use in
2023
Building
% of covered
residential
square footage
benchmarked
N/A
Buildings are
required to
start reporting
energy use'
2023
Buil•' g
% of covered
commercial
square footage
benchmarked
N/A
:. ildings are
required to
start reporting
energy use in
2023
Building
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Funding for four positions
•
IT funding for website/disclosure (multi -year capital)
Staffing Needs
•
Four additional staff for BE305
/
Miami Forever Carbon Neutr
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Action # and Title:
E-2: Improve public benefits and green buildings tracking to increase
program participation and impact.
Action Details:
Currently, there is a lack of centralized information about LEED
certified buildings, cool roofs, installed rooftop solar and more that
can help the City understand how the built environment is responding
to climate change. We need to understand the impact and
implementation of our current policies if green building requirements
are to expand. /
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Planning
Partners
Building
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (b -nd of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Identify green public benefits, • • ilding code requirements,
and optional incentives th. e City could better track.
2. Define metrics and ch- - -in milestones for tracking via ePlan,
special permits, an► other relevant methods.
3. Determine if p .cess updates need to occur to keep tracking
streamline,.
4. Deter •e if increased enforcement and compliance is needed
fo : ny of the identified green enhancements.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG PI
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementati Metrics
and Baseli (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Total # of LEED-
certified
buildings
N/A
Consolidation
of Public
Benefits
Planning
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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covenants
underway.
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Consultant potentially needed to help with process
optimization
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Miami Forever Carbon Neutr
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Action # and Title:
E-3: Require all new public buildings to be built to zero net energy
standards starting in 2025.
Action Details:
Requiring all -electric, zero net energy new public building
construction would help demonstrate the feasibility of net zero
construction in Miami and allow the City to lead by example.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
GSA, DREAM, Building, Parks, green building advocacy grout s
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end of 202A
Implementation
Milestones
1. Partner with a green building advocacy gro o research net
zero building standards and certificatio .. Determine
anticipated financial difference in b ' : ing to net zero
standards.
2. Investigate what new buildi : /major renovations are in the
pipeline and which depa ents are involved.
3. Educate departmen .erectors and administrative staff on
proposed new s -, dards and benefits.
4. Propose ordi • .nce updating City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Im ve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
nsumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most r nt
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of City public
buildings built
to zero net
energy
standards
0
City of Miami,
2021
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Action # and Title:
E-4: Adopt a residential, single-family home energy rating and
disclosure ordinance.
Action Details:
A home energy rating identifies opportunities for energy
improvement to homeowners and sends market signals about the
benefits of building efficiency. Low-income populations will need
financial assistance to improve their ratings.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
Code Compliance, Legal, Realtors Association, Miami -Da.- County,
energy efficiency advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by end . 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Research existing programs and dev- •p model program.
2. Speak with Legal Dept to determ'- - how disclosure can be
required. Consider packagin: ith proposed home inspection
program.
3. Socialize concept wit . dustry groups such as Realtors
Association and Ci staff.
4. Determine ali: - ent with Miami -Dade County on other point
of sale dis •sures such as floodplain.
5. Propos- ordinance to the City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
mprove energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation Me 'cs
and Baseline (mo recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of qualifying
homes that
participate
N/A
Miami Forever Carbon Neutr
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Average EUI or
emissions
intensity for all
participating
homes
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Initiative would need a dedicated program manager (similar
BE305 program)
Action # and Title:
E-5: Adopt building performance standard for co, mercial, multi -
family residential, and City of Miami municip, buildings over 20,000
sq. ft.
Action Details:
Implementing an energy or emission s -rformance standard is the
next step after adopting a bench ►.rking and reporting ordinance.
Large building owners will be •quired to meet energy or GHG
reduction targets over a s- period. Compliance measures can include
periodic audits and re •-commissioning. Certain performance
requirements coul..Iso be met at point of sale or lease. Fines can be
implemented f• non -compliant buildings that can be used to help
fund retrof , audits, retro-commissioning, etc.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
GSA, DREAM, Planning, local non-profit organizations
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-6 years (by end of 2026)
Implementati
Milestone
1. Complete one cycle of 6E305 prior to developing performance
targets.
Page 94
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2. Pilot a voluntary program to identify implementation and
participation roadblocks.
3. Produce a case study on building performance standards from
participants in pilot program.
4. Develop building performance targets, including a timeline,
based on carbon neutrality goals, city-wide benchmarking
results, and results of pilot program.
5. Propose ordinance to the City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease ov: .11 energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: ' enewable Energy
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of buildings
participating in
performance
standards
N/A
Building
Average energy
use OR
emissions
intensity for
participati
buildin•
N/A
Building
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Nee
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed - use same staff as BE305
Miami Forever Carbon Ne ral
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Action # and Title:
E-6: Establish residential, single-family home energy conservation
requirements.
Residential property owners would be required to make energy
conservation improvements in their homes, potentially at the point of
property sale or lease. Implementation could include a prescriptive
list of improvements, a list of options for user selection, and/or a
Action Details:
maximum investment threshold. Low-income populations will need
financial assistance to help with compliance. Similar policies, called
Residential Energy Conservation Ordinances (RECOs), have been /
passed in other cities.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Building
Partners
Code Compliance, Legal, Realtors Associatio iami-Dade County,
energy efficiency advocacy groups
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-6 y-:rs (by end of 2026)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Research existing progra► s and develop model program with
the assistance of tec. ical advisors.
2. Determine timin:.nd method of enforcement. Align with
BE305 perfo - ance standards.
3. Socialize -incept with industry groups such as Realtors
Asso '.tion and City staff.
4. P'.pose ordinance to the City code.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG P
Sub-goal(s)
n
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Page 96
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Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
# of qualifying
homes that
participate
N/A
Average EUI or
emissions
intensity before
and after
improvements
for all
participating
homes
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
Initiative will need dedicated progr
staff
Miami Forever Carbon Neut .1
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E-9: Make all non -emergency energy use in existing public buildings
Action # and Title:
carbon -free by 2035. Explore and adopt as much carbon -free
emergency energy generation and storage as possible.
Energy assets will be inventoried with feasibility analysis for carbon -
free replacements, and appliance/equipment replacements will be
Action Details:
planned in the capital spending budget. As the City has leased many
of its buildings, green initiatives in lease agreements can be
considered.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
GSA
Partners
DREAM, OCI, Legal, electrification advocacy gro s
Phase
Phase 3: significant progress in 7 or more ye. (2027 and beyond)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Inventory natural gas assets and . ildings using utility bills as a
lead.
2. Determine end of useful ' e of existing equipment.
3. Evaluate relative cos .. nd efficiency of electric appliances.
Determine if pro ement policy is needed.
4. Develop phas- out plan.
*Note: City plans . join FPL Solar Together program to purchase
electricity for ' y buildings from utility -grade solar
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Improve energy efficiency in buildings to decrease overall energy
consumption and support achievement of Goal 2: Renewable Energy
Implementation M ics
and Baseline ( t recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
On -site natural
gas use in City
2,644,270
Collected as
part of 2018
GHG Inventory
TECO, 2018
z
Miami Forever Carbon Neutra
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buildings
(therms)
Average EUI or
emissions
intensity for all
participating
City buildings
N/A
GSA, DREAM
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed
Z
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
/
Page 99
All GHG Plan Goals
SUBSTITUTED.
Action # and Title:
A-1: Improve city data on waste streams and disposal. Establish a per
capita waste goal.
Action Details:
To better understand opportunities for waste reduction, the City will
need an updated waste stream characterization study and data from
private haulers who service multi -family buildings and commercial
businesses.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Solid Waste
Partners
DolT, Private waste haulers
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by - -: of 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Identify data gaps in City collecte• aste and from private
haulers.
2. Collect contact informati. - or all approved City waste
haulers. Discuss what ..ta they could be sharing with the City
now and pathwa o meet asks that cannot be met in the
short-term.
3. Review co- racts for private waste haulers. Determine
rene . timelines and areas of enhancement regarding data
s . ing.
4. nhance processes for collecting and analyzing collected data,
especially data incoming from external parties.
5. Establish per capita waste goals once significant baseline data
has been collected (roughly by 2025).
Goals and Metr
Corres
Su
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
Total waste
collected in
[YEAR] (tons)
492,718
Correct value
found in 2018
GHG Inventory
Appendix I
(Methodology)
Solid Waste,
2018
Waste per
capita in [YEAR]
(tons)
1.09
City population
was 451,214 in
2018
Solid Waste,
2018
7
% waste
diverted to
recycling
N/A
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
No additional resources neede
Staffing Needs
•
Temp or consultant could
streamlining
ist with data collection and
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Action # and Title:
A-2: Train City employees on emerging resilient and sustainable
buildings initiatives and technologies including solar PVs, energy
storage, EV charging, energy efficiency, electrification, and climate
adaptation policies.
Action Details:
City staff need to be familiar with green and resilient building
practices in order to facilitate permitting and sustainable
development. The City will evaluate initial areas of opportunity based
on history of permits and current policies.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
Buildings
Partners
Planning, GSA, RPW, green building technical adviso
Phase
Phase 1: significant progress in 1-3 years (by en• if 2024)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Review City plans, incoming permits :uild), and call center
subjects to determine training n--ds and priorities.
2. Source training for employe: .
3. Set up training for Buildi►: department Call Center employees.
4. Set up training for B ' ding Service Assistants and other
positions.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
All GHG an Goals
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most recen
data)
etric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
# of green
buildings
trainings
hosted for City
staff
N/A
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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# of training
N/A
participants
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Green buildings training budget for City staff
Staffing Needs
•
No additional resources needed — intention is to train existing
staff
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A-11
Action # and Title:
A-11: Develop a financial and technical assistance program that helps
residents, particularly low-income, to pursue climate action.
Action Details:
This action includes education, investigating financial mechanisms
and revenue streams to fund incentives and rebates, and technical
support. The City will work across departments to develop easily
accessible guidance that span carbon mitigation and climate
resilience.
Implementation Information
Lead Entity
RPW
Partners
Housing and Community Development, Building
Phase
Phase 2: significant progress in 4-6 years (by en..f 2026)
Implementation
Milestones
1. Create a hub on website for all gree •uilding guidance.
2. Develop list of housing improve r -nts and funding thresholds
for future grant programs.
3. Expand Keep Safe tool to ' clude single family homes.
4. Produce video series ..out green home improvements and/or
find local Youtub- for collaboration.
5. Research fund' g programs in other cities and determine if
possible to reate a regenerating fund.
Goals and Metrics
Corresponding GHG Plan
Sub-goal(s)
Al HG Plan Goals
Implementation Metrics
and Baseline (most r ent
data)
Metric
Baseline Value
Details
Source
$ allocated to
residents to
take climate
action
N/A
This will include
direct grants
and loans for
Miami Forever Carbon Neut
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mitigation and
adaptation
Funding and Resources
Initial Funding Needs
•
Grant funds to disperse to residents
•
Seed funding to create a revolving loan fund (potentially)
Staffing Needs
•
If program expands to citywide single-family homes, will need
dedicated staff
/
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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SUBSTITUTED. Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Appendix D — GHG Targets, Calculators, and Inputs
This chapter provides additional information that was considered when defining Miami's interim GHG reduction target, a descriptio• .f
modifications made to the original solid waste emissions estimates, as well as documentation for the GHG calculator inputs use• n the Pathways
tool when defining the city's GHG reduction scenario.
interir i Target -Setting Considerations
Selecting an appropriate interim GHG target that supports the City's longer -term carbon neutrality goal w.: informed, in part, by the 2018
United Nation's International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5° (SR15), which outlines the need for
global emissions to drop at least 45% by 2030 to keep warming to 1.5°C.19 It also included C40's 2i. • report Deadline 2020,2° which focuses on
the need for cities to accelerate action with ambitious interim targets, and assigns categories •:sed on GHG emissions and economic thresholds
to help cities plan a "fair -share" of global reductions toward an average per capita emissio- of 2.9 MT CO2e by 2030.
To determine the interim 2035 target, the City first analyzed its assigned Deadline ► 0 trajectory and reviewed the feasibility of the strategies
needed to achieve the target. The recommended "steep decline" in emissions • uld require a rapid and dramatic increase in use of public
transit and bicycles, conversion of nearly all vehicles to electric, massive re• action in energy use in buildings, and a completely carbon -free
energy sector including total phase out of natural gas. The City's lack of •undational policies and programs, limited legislative jurisdiction, and
inability to financially support adoption of new technologies deter ed that the goal was not realistic. The current interim target established in
the plan (i.e., 60% reduction below 2018 levels by 2035) reflec . goals and strategies that the City feels are ambitious, yet achievable based on
existing federal and state law, the city's authority, and mar -t forces. The City will work to implement this plan and add to the City's goals as
momentum is established and learning can inform fut -- planning.
Based on Miami's population projections, the Ci - s 2035 target would result in per capita emissions of about 2.0 MT CO2e per person in 2035.
This Plan, and its 2035 target, qualifies City • iami to join the 471 cities, 23 regions, 1,675 businesses, 85 large investors, and 569 universities
(as of 2021) worldwide participating in UN Race to Zero campaign.21 The interim target was defined to balance science -based, fair -share
reduction goals with the City's juris•' tion, to create a target that is a legitimate steppingstone toward long-term carbon neutrality. Achieving
this interim target will ensure mi is on track to meet the Paris Climate Agreement goals and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. As this is the
19 https://www.
20 htt.s: www
21 htt
•
•.or:
alcovenantofmayors.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2327_For_cities_by_cities_v18_1.original. pdf
researches deadline-2020
fccc.int climate -action race-to-zero-cam•ai:n
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Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
City's first GHG Plan, we will also continue to evaluate and pursue more aggressive climate action during plan implementation and strive
exceed our established target years.
Solid Waste
The 150,000 tCO2e created by incinerating Miami's solid waste to create electricity (documented in the 2018 invent
energy sent to the grid in the stationary emissions sector (per the GPC GHG inventory protocol) because this w
energy that jurisdictions then consume as electricity. The other 40,000 tCO2e estimated in the original inve
characteristics of municipal solid waste to the residue that is created by the waste -to -energy incinerati
that residue does not have carbon content that could decompose in a landfill environment to gener
an inert material in relation to greenhouse gas emissions when sent to landfill. Therefore, thos
the GHG planning process in this plan.
Pathways Inputs and Assumptions
y) should be categorized as
e is combusted to produce
ry was miscalculated, attributing
process. Unlike municipal solid waste,
e additional greenhouse gas emissions; it is
riginal emissions estimates were removed from
The following table documents the GHG calculator inputs used in the Path ays tool to develop Miami's final GHG reduction scenario. The
relevant GHG strategies are listed in the first column, GHG calculator i►' plementation assumptions for 2035 and 2050 are shown in the second
and third columns, and general implementation assumptions, wh relevant, are shown in the fourth column. Note that information is provided
as it appears in the Pathways tool, and in most instances is de thing the changes to occur from the 2018 base year conditions included in the
model.
Strategy Implementation in 2035 Implementation in 2050 Assumptions
Grid • 100% Renewable ' ergy • 100% Renewable Energy
Decarbonization
22 https://
• Biden Administration Executive
Order: Build a carbon pollution -
free electricity sector by 203522
w.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/
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Strategy
New construction —
efficiency
(Commercial)
New construction —
efficiency
(Residential)
Space cooling —
efficiency
(Commercial)
Implementation in 2035
• 100% LED Lighting
• 29% of new space heaters are
electric; 71% of new space
heaters are high -efficiency
natural gas boilers
• 100% of new cooling systems
are electric heat pumps
• 5% of new water heaters are
electric heat pumps; 95% of new
water heaters are high -
efficiency natural gas boilers
• 15% of new stoves are electric;
85% of new stoves are natural
gas
• 100% LED Lighting
• 100% of new space heater are
electric
• 100% of new cooling systems
are electric
• 83% of new water heaters e
electric; 17% of new er
heaters are high-e ciency
natural gas bo. rs
• 86% of ne stoves are electric;
14% o ew stoves are natural
g
etrofit 40% of systems to
electric heat pumps
•
Implementation in 2050
• 100% LED Lighting
• 40% of new space heaters are
electric; 60% of new space
heaters are high -efficiency
natural gas boilers
• 100% of new cooling systems
are electric heat pumps
• 20% of new water heaters are
electric heat pumps; 80% of n
water heaters are high -
efficiency natural gas . i ers
• 28% of new stove re electric;
72% of new st. es are natural
gas
• 100% 1 Lighting
• 11 s% of new space heater are
electric
• 100% of new cooling systems
are electric
• 86% of new water heaters are
electric; 14% of new water
heaters are high -efficiency
natural gas boilers
• 88% of new stoves are electric;
12% of new stoves are natural
gas
• Retrofit 100% of systems to
electric heat pumps
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Assumptions
• N/A
• N/A
• Lifespan of typical cooling
systems is roughly 20 years
• 100% of equipment owners with
electric systems will voluntarily
increase equipment efficiency at
end of life
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Strategy
Space cooling —
efficiency
(Residential)
Space heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Commercial)
Space heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Residential)
Water Heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Commercial)
Implementation in 2035
• Retrofit 40% of systems to
electric heat pumps
• Retrofit 7% of low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 40% of low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to high -
efficiency natural gas boilers
• Retrofit 100% of existing electric
heaters with electric heat pumps
• Retrofit 7% low-efficie
natural gas boilers electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 40°. ow -efficiency
natural :.s boilers to high-
effi -ncy natural gas boilers
Implementation in 2050
• Retrofit 100% of systems to
electric heat pumps
• Retrofit 14% of low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 65% of low-effici
natural gas boilers to ►'gh-
efficiency natural :.s boilers
• Retrofit 100% . existing electric
heaters w electric heat pumps
• Retro ' 100% of existing electric
h ers with electric heat pumps
• Retrofit 14% low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 65% low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to high -
efficiency natural gas boilers
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Assumptions
• Lifespan of typical c.. ing
systems is rough - 20 years
• 100% of equipment owners with
electric tems will voluntarily
incr e equipment efficiency at
of life
Lifespan of typical heating
systems is roughly 20 years
• 10% of equipment owners will
voluntarily electrify gas
equipment at end of life
• 60% of equipment owners will
voluntarily increase equipment
efficiency at end of life
• Lifespan of typical heating
systems is roughly 20 years
• 100% of equipment owners with
electric systems will voluntarily
increase equipment efficiency at
end of life
• Lifespan of typical water heating
systems is roughly 20 years
• 10% of equipment owners will
voluntarily electrify gas
equipment at end of life
• 60% of equipment owners will
voluntarily increase equipment
efficiency at end of life
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Water Heating —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Residential)
Cooking —
efficiency/fuel
switch
(Residential)
Note: No actions
for commercial
Mode shift —
walk/bike/transit
Passenger vehicle —
fuel
switch/efficiency
Implementation in 2035
• Retrofit 7% low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 11% low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to solar hot
water heaters
• Retrofit 100% of existing electric
heaters with electric heat pumps
• Retrofit 7% of natural gas stoves
with electric stoves
• 10% shift away from passenger
vehicle trips to walking and
biking
• 5% shift away from passenger
vehicle trips to transit
• 40% of passenger vehicle
duty trucks, and med.
trucks are electri
23 https://
24 htt
•
out.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook-2020/
/about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook-2020/
Implementation in 2050
• Retrofit 14% low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to electric
heat pumps
• Retrofit 28% low -efficiency
natural gas boilers to solar hot
water heaters
• Retrofit 100% of existing electric
heaters with electric heat pumps
• Retrofit 14% of natural gas
stoves with electric stov-:
•
•
, ight- •
-duty
16% ift away from passenger
icle trips to walking and
biking
8% shift away from passenger
vehicle trips to transit
50% of passenger vehicles, light -
duty trucks, and medium -duty
trucks are electric
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
Assumptions
• Lifespan of typical wate eating
systems is roughly 21 ears
• 10% of equipm owners will
voluntarily ctrify gas
equipm t at end of life
• 100°. of equipment owners with
ctric systems will voluntarily
increase equipment efficiency at
end of life
• Lifespan of typical cooking
equipment is roughly 20 years
• 10% of equipment owners will
voluntarily electrify gas
equipment at end of life
• Bloomberg Electric Vehicle
Outlook 202023: 16% of all VMT
from shared mobility usage by
2040
• Bloomberg Electric Vehicle
Outlook 202024: 31% of world's
passenger cars are electric by
2040
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Glossary
Term
Definition
Baseline
Climate conditions or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions snapshot against
which to begin tracking adaptation or reduction progress
Carbon -free
electricity/energy
Energy produced by a resource that generates no carbon emissions, such
as solar, nuclear, or hydroelectric
Carbon Neutral
GHG emissions have been reduced as much as possible and any remaining
emissions are completely cancelled out through offsetting or removed
through carbon dioxide removal (CDR)/emissions removal measures; also
known as net zero emissions
Greenhouse Gas
Gases that absorb and emit radiant energy within the thermal infrar-:
range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary human -prod ed
greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxi. -
Micromobility
Transportation by lightweight, low -speed vehicles such .: scooters or
bicycles, either mechanical or electric
Mitigation
Reduction of annual GHG emissions from a sour -
Teleworking
A work arrangement in which employees do '.t commute or travel to a
central place of work, such as an office b ' ding, warehouse, or store; also
called remote working
Zero Carbon
No carbon emissions are being pr..uced (e.g., zero -carbon electricity
could be provided by a 100% -newable energy supplier)
Miami Forever Carbon Neutral
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SUBSTITUTED.
Acronyms
• °C = degrees Celsius
• °F = degrees Fahrenheit
• ADA = Americans with Disabilities Act
• ASAP = Action Selection and Prioritization
• BRT = Bus Rapid Transit
• CO2e/CO2eq = carbon dioxide equivalent
• CO2e/yr = carbon dioxide equivalent per year
• EV = electric vehicle
• EVSE = electric vehicle supply equipment
• GHG = greenhouse gas
• GHG Plan = Greenhouse Gas Plan
• HVAC = heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
• IPCC = United Nation's International Panel on Climate Change
• kWh = kilowatt-hour
• MFCR = Miami Forever Climate Ready
• MiPlan = Miami Climate Action Plan
• MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
• MWh = megawatt -hour
• PV = photovoltaic
• R305 = Resilient305
• TDM = Transportation Demand Man
• TOD = Transit Oriented Develop
• tonne = Metric tonne (roug 1.1 US tons)
Miami Forever Carbon Neutra
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