HomeMy WebLinkAboutexhibitACITY OF MIAMI, FLORIDA
DEBT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES MANUAL
OVERVIEW
This Procedures Manual has been drafted to assist in the development of goals, procedures for
implementation and standards for reporting and evaluating the City's Debt Management practices. As
the City's investment in infrastructure continues to grow, the issuance of debt has become an
increasingly important component of its capital programs. In the absence of policies and procedures to
monitor capital financing practices, this dependence on borrowed funds can have a significant negative
impact on the City's credit. While the issuance of debt is frequently an appropriate method of
financing capital projects at the State and local level, it also requires careful monitoring to ensure that
an erosion of the government's credit quality does not result.
The national credit rating agencies, Moody's Investors Service, Standard & Poor's, and Fitch
Rating Service (the "Rating Agencies"), have taken an active role in monitoring the City's overall
credit position. These Rating Agencies have an interest in seeing a long-term planned approach to
managing the debt of the City. Goals should be established and procedures adopted to manage the debt
and to compare actual fiscal results on an annual basis. The Rating Agencies evaluate the fiscal
responsibility of the City in the light of its adherence to a disciplined approach to borrowing in
providing its essential services. The fact that a government has gone to the effort to develop formal
debt policies, and to incorporate them into its comprehensive capital improvement program,
demonstrates a strong commitment to prudent borrowing practices. This recognition of the importance
of sound debt management is a very positive factor in the municipal market's assessment of credit
quality.
GOAL OF DEBT POLICIES
The goal of the City of Miami's Debt Policies adopted by the City Commissioners and this Debt
Management Procedures Manual is to provide guidance for managing the issuance of the City's debt
obligations and maintaining the City's ability to incur debt and other long-term obligations at favorable
interest rates for capital improvements, equipment and refunding options deemed by the City
Commission to be beneficial to the City and necessary for essential services. The Debt Policy identifies
debt management goals and standards which the City Commission must consider when committing to
fund requests for infrastructure improvements or refunding options. Those policies will guide the City
Commission in its evaluation of the impact of each funding decision on the City's debt capacity and
credit quality.
PROCEDURES
Review of Proposed Capital Budget
The Finance Committee shall participate in the development of the Capital Program and make
recommendations to the City Commission as to the projects to be debt financed and the nature of the
structure of such debt. In formulating its recommendations, the Finance Committee shall consider:
The impact of such debt on the City's Debt capacity;
The ongoing impact of the financed project on the City operating budget;
The legality and availability of revenue for the repayment schedule of such debt;
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The appropriateness of issuing such debt considering the City's current and long-term goals and
the cost of administering the debt;
The impact of the debt on the general economy of the City and on City residents;
Other relevant factors.
The recommendation of the Finance Committee shall not be binding on the City Commission;
however, in the event the City Commission does not follow the recommendation of the Finance
Committee; the rationale for such action will be recorded in the official minutes of the Finance
Committee and the City Commission.
Establishment of Schedule for the Issuance of Debt Obligations
Upon adoption of the Capital Budget, the Finance Committee shall review the approved budget
and shall establish a proposed schedule for the sale of debt obligations during the ensuing fiscal year and
for the remaining 5 years of the City's Capital Improvement Program. In so doing, they shall consider any
existing bond proceeds that may be reprogrammed to finance new projects, the timing of cash flow needs
of the projects, expectations of market interest rate movements, and such other factors, as they may deem
relevant. It is understood that due to market considerations, changes in size and/or timing of capital
projects, and other factors outside the control of the City, the schedule for the sale of debt obligations is a
planning tool only, and not a commitment by the City or the Finance Committee to sell such debt
obligations at such time.
Method of Sale
All new money and refunding debt obligations of the City shall be sold by competitive bid unless
the Finance Committee shall make a recommendation that the City will be better served by selling such
debt obligations through a negotiated sale. Prior to the sale of a negotiated bond issue, the City Manager
will recommend an Underwriting Team based on the City's competitive selection process as adopted for
the selection of underwriters as established herein, and submit a recommendation to the City Commission.
Financing Team
In conjunction with the issuance of debt obligations by the City, there shall be formed a Financing
Team. This team shall be composed of the Finance Committee, the City Attorney, the appropriate operating
department head(s) depending on the project financed by the debt obligations being issued, Bond Counsel,
Disclosure Counsel, the Financial Advisor, and in the case of a negotiated bond sale, the Senior Managing
Underwriter and Underwriter's Counsel. The charge of the Financing Team shall be to prepare the Official
Statement, prepare any necessary or desired Bond Resolution, structure the debt obligations, including
determination of the desirability of using bond insurance, negotiate and secure contracts for financial and
other required services (registrar, paying agent, trustee, printer) and establish the date of the sale of the debt
obligations.
Selection of Bond Counsel and Disclosure Counsel
The City recognizes the importance of continuity and of familiarity with existing bond resolutions
and financing programs brought about by long-term relationships in the area of legal counsel. The City also
recognizes the potential risks of such long-term relationships. Accordingly, it is the policy of the City that
Bond Counsel and Disclosure Counsel be selected only through a competitive Request for Proposals
process at least once every three (3) years. Criteria for selection shall be, in order of importance:
qualifications of the firm; qualifications and availability of the individual(s) proposed to service the City; a
demonstrated understanding of the City's needs, programs, and bond resolutions; fees; and, such other
criteria as may be deemed appropriate by the Law Department. This is not intended to preclude a firm
serving as Bond Counsel or Disclosure Counsel at the time of such process from being selected for a new
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contractual period, nor is it intended to preclude the City from instituting such process more frequently than
three (3) years, should it be the recommendation of the Law Department to do so. The Law Department
shall rank the top three (3) firms and forward said recommendations to the City Commission for selection
of one (1) Bond Counsel and one (1) Disclosure Counsel firm.
Selection of Financial Advisor
The City recognizes the importance of continuity and of familiarity with existing bond resolutions
and financing programs brought about by long-term relationships in the area of financial advisory services.
The City also recognizes the potential risks of such long-term relationships. Accordingly, it is the policy of
the City that Financial advisor be selected only through a competitive Request for Proposals process at least
once every three (3) years. Criteria for selection shall be, in order of importance: qualifications of the firm;
qualifications and availability of the individual(s) proposed to service the City; a demonstrated
understanding of the City's needs, programs, and bond resolutions; fees; and, such other criteria as may be
deemed appropriate by a committee established by the Finance Director. This is not intended to preclude a
firm serving as Financial Advisor at the time of such process from being selected for a new contractual
period, nor is it intended to preclude the City from instituting such process more frequently than three (3)
years, should it be the recommendation of the Committee to do so. The Committee shall rank the firms and
forward said recommendations to the City Commission for selection of a Financial Advisor. The Financial
Advisor under no circumstances can be selected as a Bond Underwriter.
Selection of Bond Underwriters
In marketing its debt obligations to institutions and the public, the City recognizes that it is in its best
interest to select the most qualified firm(s) to be Senior Managing Underwriter and Underwriters.
Accordingly, it is the policy of the City that the Senior Managing Underwriter and Underwriters be selected
only through a competitive Request for Proposals. Criteria for selection shall be, in order of importance:
qualifications of the firm; qualifications and availability of the individual(s) proposed to service the City; a
demonstrated understanding of the City's needs, programs, and bond resolutions; fees; and, such other
criteria as may be deemed appropriate by a committee established by the Finance Director. This is not
intended to preclude a firm(s) serving as Senior Managing Underwriter and Underwriters at the time of
such process from being selected for a new contractual period, nor is it intended to preclude the City from
instituting such process more frequently than three (3) years, should it be the recommendation of the
Committee to do so. The Committee shall rank the firms and forward said recommendations to the City
Commission for selection of the Bond Underwriter(s). The Bond Underwriter under no circumstances can
be the Financial Advisor.
The City shall reserve the right to receive unsolicited proposals from underwriters which have
shown their commitment to the City to research new and creative opportunities to restructure existing debt
or escrows related to the City's debt portfolio. In the event that an underwriter submits an unsolicited
proposal to the City, the City Manager shall refer such proposal to the Finance Department for review and
recommendation. Unsolicited proposals, which are recommended by the Finance Department shall be
presented to the Finance Committee for consideration.
To encourage new and creative ideas, the City shall appoint the firm which submitted the
recommended transaction as senior managing underwriter and/or lead agent for the City should the City
determine that it is in its best interest to proceed with the transaction recommended by the unsolicited
proposal.
Review of Financing Team
From time to time, appropriate City staff may request the Finance Committee to review and make
a determination as to whether professional service providers (firms serving as Bond Counsel, Disclosure
Counsel, Financial Advisor or Underwriters) retained by the City continue to meet the regulatory,
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professional and ethical standards, as applicable, which were the basis for their selection by the City. If the
Finance Committee determines that any part of such standards are not currently being met by such firm(s),
the Finance Committee after consulting with the City Attorney shall so advise the City Commission and
recommend to the City Commission whether such firm(s) should no longer be retained by the City. The
final decision with respect to the continued retention of such firm(s) shall rest with the City Commission.
Consideration of Fixed Versus Variable Rate Debt
In the municipal marketplace, debt obligations have typically been structured as fixed rate debt.
Amortized over 20, 25 and 30 years, these amortization periods reflect the "long end" of the yield curve.
Short-term variable rate markets (typically involving repricing increments of less than one year), focus on
the "short end" of the yield curve. The difference in short versus long-term rates varies with the shape of
the yield curve and has typically ranged from 150 to 350 basis points (1.5% to 3.5%). A potential detriment
to the variable rate strategy is the uncertainty of the direction and magnitude of future market changes.
With fixed rate debt obligations there is a fixed payment schedule over the life of the debt issue.
In the variable rate program, the issuer is subject to the risk of interest volatility (i.e., the risk of
the natural cyclical increases and decreases in interest rates in the marketplace over time). When the City
elects a variable rate program, it may experience considerable periods of very attractive rates on average,
but is equally subject to the risk of those rates being higher than the alternative of fixed rates. The use of
variable rate alternatives, over the long run, may or may not prove profitable or efficient from a cost
savings perspective (the history in this market only dates back to 1983-84).
Variable rate debt should only be used for two purposes: (1) as an interim financing device and (2)
as an integral portion of a long-term strategy. Given the possibility that the need for project financing may
not coincide with attractive market interest rates, having a variable rate program to provide for the timely
initiation of projects appears to be not only practical but prudent. At project initiation, the current long-term
fixed rate market, individual project size and/or the intermediate term forecast for the direction of interest
rates may individually or collectively indicate that a long-term borrowing is not efficient.
Under either circumstance, where the cycle of Tong -term rates moves down to or near historic
lows, consideration will be given to fixing (i.e., converting to a fixed rate) all or a portion of the then
outstanding variable rate debt, to take advantage of the attractive long-term fixed rates. If certain target
interest rate levels are reached, the Finance Committee will recommend to the City Manager that all or a
portion of the variable rate debt be converted to fixed. In doing so, the City expands its future ability to use
the same or similar variable rate tools.
RISK MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
In addition to the option to fix a variable rate program for either intermediate or longer -term
periods, the City will need to consider the potential use of various tools available in the derivatives
marketplace. Similar to how the variable rate markets emerged from 1983-85, the municipal market has
now seen the emergence of derivative products (swaps, CAPS, collars, etc.), which could have potential
market advantages over time. If the City were looking to take advantage of current intermediate term rates
(in the one to five year range) by fixing a portion of its current variable rate over that period, it would be
faced with a number of options. The first would be to fix the rate to maturity; second, to fix the rate in the
traditional markets for the intermediate term period; third, use one of several derivative options to either fix
the rate or limit the downside (rising interest rate) risk on the program over the same period of time. The
election to (a) use variable rate debt, (b) convert all or a portion of the City's variable rate debt to either
intermediate or fixed rate debt, or (c) hedge the market risk through one of several derivative products is a
function of a changing marketplace and must be addressed at any decision point in a manner to achieve the
best economic advantage available to the City.
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The use of derivative products can provide the City with cost effective alternatives to traditional
market choices. The marketplace, although new to the traditional municipal markets, is well defined, tested
and has become a major alternative in the private sector.
When addressing derivative products, there are several structuring concerns which must be taken
into consideration. A major risk involves the credit quality of the counterparty (the entity with which the
City is exchanging commitments) and, thus, the likelihood of their continued ability to honor their
obligations. Additionally, the City should consider diversifying its remarketing risk by varying the types of
products used and the amount which may mature in any fiscal quarter. Some of these products exchange
payment obligations, others limit the downside (or rising interest rate) risk while still others trade off a limit
on the upside (or falling interest rate) opportunity in exchange for a lower cost of providing the downside
risk protection. Each of these products must be evaluated as alternatives to traditional, intermediate, or
long-term options, considering their comparable cost, ease of entry and exit provisions, degree of potential
risk exposure (quantified to the greatest extent possible), and the option's aggregate fit into the City's then
present strategy. The Finance Committee shall consider all such factors prior to recommending the use of
derivative product to the City Commission.
REPORTING, MONITORING, AND ASSESSMENT OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
Annual Debt Report
The Finance Committee shall develop an Annual Debt Report to be released to the City
Commission no later than May 31, of each year. The information presented shall comply with the
disclosure obligations set forth in the Disclosure Certificates issued in connection with its debt obligations,
and may include information on the following: service areas, rates and charges, financial statement
excerpts, outstanding and proposed debt, a summary of certain bond resolution provisions, a management
discussion of operations, and such other information as the City shall deem to be important to the
investment community. The report shall also include selected Notes to Financial Statements, and, to the
extent available, information on Conduit Debt Obligations issued by the City on behalf of another entity.
Such report shall pertain to the prior Fiscal Year, and shall include the following elements: (1) calculations
of the appropriate ratios and measurements necessary to evaluate the City's credit, and that of any
Enterprise Systems, as compared with acceptable municipal standards (those identified in the Debt Policy
and any other such ratios and measurements as the Finance Committee shall deem appropriate: (2)
information related to any significant events affecting outstanding debt, including Conduit Debt
Obligations: (3) an evaluation of savings related to any refinancing activity: (4) a summary of any changes
in Federal or State laws affecting the City's debt program: (5) a summary statement by the Finance
Committee as to the overall status of the City's debt obligations and Debt Management activities. The City
shall prepare and release to all interested parties the Annual Debt Report which will act as the ongoing
disclosure document required under the Continuing Disclosure Rules promulgated by the S.E.C. {S.E.C.
Rule 15c2-12(b)(5)}.
General Classification of Programs
Self-supporting, as well as non self-supporting (all other), programs can be categorized as either
Enterprise or Governmental in nature, The following list indicates the appropriate classification of existing
debt obligations as of Fiscal Year . See Exhibit I for a complete listing of all of the City's outstanding
debt.
Enterprise
[The City of Miami has no Enterprise Debt as of the date of this report].
Governmental
Self Supporting Debt Program
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Non Self -Supporting Debt Program
For the purpose of measuring the Governmental debt structure, the City has categorized all non
self-supporting debt programs to be part of governmental debt obligations. These are the programs whose
expenditures for debt service are in direct competition with other General Fund expenditures (salaries,
utilities, supplies, etc.).
Additionally, the City has categorized all tax supported debt as self-supporting governmental debt
programs because the tax collected is reserved and sufficient to pay the debt service on the bonds. This
provides two categories of debt, which place direct, or indirect burden on the taxpayers of the City.
This distinction recognizes that the performance of self-supporting Enterprise Systems should be
measured by comparison with the user rates of comparable governmental providers, and that such programs
do not directly or indirectly place a burden on taxpayers in the form of increased taxes. As long as each
Enterprise System's user rates meet the requirements of bond covenants, the debt program is not considered
part of either the governmental or tax supported debt of the City. The self-supporting governmental debt is
also treated separately from projects which require partial or entire support from General Revenues.
Given the basic debt structure of the City as depicted above, the City should consider each new
capital project taking into consideration the impact of funding such projects on the credit worthiness of the
City. An Enterprise (e.g. Stormwater System, supported by user fees) or a Governmental project (e.g.
Local Optional Sales Tax linked to a specific project) which is self-supporting has minimal impact on the
credit of the General Government. A project is not considered self-supporting if General Government
revenue is pledged as backup security for the bonds, and it is reasonably expected that governmental
revenues may be used to support the project (e.g. the Knight Convention Center debt). The funding on non
self supporting Governmental projects requires careful consideration as to the impact on the overall credit
and debt capacity of the City.
The Exhibits (described below) follow this page:
Exhibit I — Summary of Outstanding Debt
Exhibit II — Summary of Debt Ratios, Measurements and Debt Target Constraint Criteria as of
Fiscal Year .
Exhibit III — Definitions of Term
If the City earmarks a project to be financed with short-term or long-term borrowing, the
City shall assess the impact on the credit worthiness of the City based on the target debt policies, ratios and
measurements as described below. To assist in the evaluation, Exhibit I to this debt Management
Procedures Manual provides a summary of the outstanding debt as of fiscal year , and Exhibit II
calculates the debt ratios, measurements and target constraints as of fiscal year
These Exhibits should be adjusted to reflect the impact of capital projects currently being
contemplated on the overall debt position of the City and then evaluated in order to assess the impact of the
funded capital project. The debt policies, Measurements of Future Flexibility, and the Ratios,
Measurements and Debt Target Constraint Criteria contained herein are the guidelines the City shall follow
in determining the appropriateness of funding each project.
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