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HomeMy WebLinkAboutArchaeological ReportAn Archaeological and Historical Assessment and Land Use History for Hurricane Harbor, Miami -Dade County, Florida by Robert S. Carr, M.S. Principal Investigator Victor Longo, B. A Field Director Briana Delano, B.A. Land Use History Archaeological and Historical Conservancy 4800 SW both Avenue, Suite 107 Davie, FL 33314 ahci@att.net (954) 792-9776 for Balbino Investments, Inc. AHC Technical Report 4445 July, 2003 • able of i_:ontents List of Figures Consultant Summary 1 Project Setting 3 Previous Research 4 Cultural Summary 6 Land Use History 10 Methodology 15 R .suits and Recommendations 17 References sited 18 Appendix 1: Residents of 1800 to 2100 NW North River Drive, 1928 to 1975 22 Appendix 2: Test Hole Log 24 Appendix 3: Florida Survey Log 25 List of Figures L. 1VIa 3 1341'6w piojc..:1 2. Postcard photograph from 1910, looking east across the Miami River at the Hurricane Harbor parcel 3. Plat map of project parcel area, 1947 4. Map of Hurricane Harbor showing archaeological test holes 13 14 16 Consultant Summary In July, 2003, the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy conducted an archaeological and historical assessment of the Hurricane Harbor parcel, located at 1350 and 1818 NW North River Drive in the City of Miami for Balbino Investments, Inc. This assessment was conducted in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), as amended in 1992, and 36 C.F.R., Part 800: Protection of Historic Properties. The work and the report conform to the specifications set forth *t, ! i nt�r 7 A _,16 Adrn nistr t' ,' Prvi- The assessment was required as a resuk of the Charifer 23, which identifies archaeological conservation areas along the Miami River. The Hurricane Harbor parcel is within one of the conservation areas. This assessment included historical research of the project parcel to compile a land use history as well as archaeological fieldwork. A paucity of available areas that would allow for shovel testing resulted in only three judgmental shovel test holes being dug on the parcel to determine whether any archaeological sites existed there. Two faunal bones found in a disturbed context suggest the possibility that a prehistoric midden may have once been on the parcel. No archaeological remains associated with natural sediments were seen, but archaeological materials associated with redeposited soils were uncovered during testing. The parcel's location and the fieldwork conducted there suggest that it is possible that archaeological features, artifacts, or sites currently exist on the parcel. However, the history of dredging and the extent of disturbances on the parcel makes the possibility of significant sites or features occurring on the parcel less likely. '?rtc pf file r=;? (.;tr-ri€,t,ire date from 19.41 but the structure is not regarded as historically is riotew)-lthy. The consultant recommends a management plan that includes additional testing either before or after demolition of existing structures is complete, and some monitoring during the demolition process and any removal or relocation of trees. If any significant archaeological sites or features are encountered, then they should be documented. Monitoring also may be necessary during the initial construction process. • Figure 1. Map of Hurricane Harbor Project Area Twp. 53S, Rng. 41E, Section 34 i Archaeological Site Source: USGS Miami, FL (1962 rev. 1969) 2 1/4 1/2 mile • • Project Setting 1'�7 r�=c,ct n?rnPE is located on the north hank of the north fork of the Miami River in the City of Miami. The parcel encompasses ±4248 acres on Lots 16-19 and Block 8 of the Riversedge Subdivision, Lots 8-10 of Pirates Cove Subdivision, which lie south of NW North River Drive, and riverfront Lots 1-10 of Pirates Cove, and the western 70 feet of Lot 17 and Lots 18 and 19 of Valentine Subdivision. The parcel is irregularly shaped, and is bounded on the north by NW North River Drive, on the east by NW 18th Avenue, and on the south by the Miami River. The project addresses are 1350 and 1818 NW North River Drive. The parcel is located in Section 34 of Township 53S, Range 41E, which is depicted on the Miami, FL USGS map (1962 rev. 1969). The area surrounding the project parcel consists of a combination of residential and commercial properties. The parcel is located on the Miami River in a working section of the river, which is used for commercial purposes. It is strategically placed at the confluence of the north and south forks of river, and has been used as a commercial marina since circa 1925. Although the river has been intensely altered during the last century, the fork is natural, and the north fork, upon which the project parcel is situated, is now twice as wide as the south fork because of dredging. Historically, the north fork was a similar width as the south fork. The existing basin in the parcel is a result of dredging. t r izrred. F .O a least 1.10, cite us - rove w-as iamed on the parcel (figure e 2 At that tune' the Miami River opposite the parcel had been dredged as part of the Everglades drainage project. Beginning in the 1920s, when the property was used as a marina, the river was dredged several more times. The fill from these multiple dredgings eventually was spread across the property. This parcel's location at the confluence of the river's forks probably made it strategically located for trade and transportation in prehistoric times. Some oak trees present in the area indicate that prior to development, an oak hammock was present there, which would have made an attractive landing area. Little other natural vegetation persists on the property today. Today, the parcel is an intensively used marina, with a single large marina structure at 1818 NW North River Drive. A modern, two story structure exists at 1818 NW North River Drive. An extensive area of asphalted and filled areas occur throughout the parcel except for a small green space area of oak trees adjacent and west of the principal building (Figure 4). 3 • • Previous Research The earliest investigation of archaeological sites on the Miami River occurred in 1884 when Andrew Douglass, on his ship Seminole, visited six different mounds in the area and excavated a sand burial mound south of the mouth of the river, uncovering only a ceramic bowl_ Douglass classified the Miami mounds into two categories: sand and rock, and was of the opinion that only the sand mounds were of significance (Douglass, 1884). One of the mounds he visited was 8DA14, located near the north boundary of One Miami parcel. B prior to its destruction by the •+., :- 4:,snzI„ otP1 In 1949, archaeologist John Goggin created Florida's first site inventory and recorded seven sites at or near the mouth of the Miami River, including the historic village of the Tequesta, 8DA11, on the north bank of the river, and 8DA12 at Brickell Point on the south bank. Goggin and several of his students did some limited testing at Brickell Point, although he published no reports on this work (Goggin, 1949). In September 1956, avocational archaeologist Dan Laxson conducted excavations at the north bank of the Miami River at the site of the Dupont Plaza prior to its construction. His excavations uncovered a deep black dirt midden (Laxson 1959; 1968). In September 1958 through February 1959, Laxson dug at Brickell Point, stirred by the pending construction of the Elks Club there. He also conducted tests on the black dirt midden near the south bank of the Miami River in the vicinity of the Customs House. In 1961, test units were dug near the last remaining Brickell house by students Robert Carr and Mark Greene, who made extensive surface collections from beneath the house (Carr and Greene, 1961). They also documented a significant prehistoric site, 8DA1067, at the present location of on the s.out bank of the river. Tn 1962-1963, Carr collected several _ N3-.-tme is at the present location of the Hyatt penignt L;enLer. An ul {fie alI.IIaCIS eu1i t;Led by C u and ri o o house c;oIkcied by Greene repose at the Historical Museum of Southern Florida. In 1978, Florida's Division of Historic Resources directed salvage excavations of the Granada site, located on the west side of the Brickell Avenue Bridge. This site represents the western portion of site 8DA11. This work resulted in the recovery of tens of thousands of artifacts, shell refuse, and animal bone elements (Griffin et al., 1985). It is worth noting that no outstanding features, such as holes cut into the rock (i.e. the Miami Circle) or prehistoric graves were encountered during that extensive investigation. Only one historic grave, that of an Anglo-Euro male from the mid-19t century, was discovered, and those remains were exhumed and transferred to Tallahassee. In 1979-1980, the Dade County Historic Survey was initiated, which resulted in the documenting of several hundred sites across the county and the creation of a county historic preservation ordinance in 1981. In 1980, the county agency directed salvage excavations at the site of the last Brickell House, part of 8DA12, prior to the construction of a Holiday Inn (now the Sheraton • • Hotel), as well as the recovery of archaeological material during the excavations of pilings for the Hyatt swimming pool (8DA11). In 1998-1999, the Miami Circle, buried beneath an extensive black dirt midden was uncovered after the demolition of the Brickell Apartments at Brickell Point. This represented the northeast component of the Brickell site, 8DA12. One historic and one prehistoric site are located in the vicinity of the project parcel. Across the river at the fork, the Glades period Williams site (DA1658) is located. The site consists of a low to moderate density of artifacts on an elevated limestone ridge. The historic site Musa Isle (DA1659), also located on the south shore of the river, was an early Seminole Indian tourist attraction. It operated from ca_ 1920 to 1950, and all that remains of the site is a rock wall and a tower (Carr, 1981a). 5 • • Cultural Summary ThE.• n-n;m.c parcel is I<ncated within the Glades archaeological area, which includes all of southern Jeiiiied as a. disLinctive cultural area by Stifling (1936). Goggili (1947) defined more specific boundaries for the area and identified three inclusive sub -areas: the "Calusa" in southwest Florida, the "Tekesta" in southeast Florida and the Florida Keys, and the "Okeechobee" around Lake Okeechobee_ Goggin classified these sub -areas on the basis of his recognition of their distinctive natural environments, the different tribes in those regions during historic times, and differences in the archaeological record. Since Goggin's work, there have been several amendments to these definitions. Griffin (1974) noted Goggin's error in utilizing the names of historic tribes to name two of the sub -areas, and he saw no significant differences in the material culture of southern Florida that was not due to variations in coastal environments or to different frequencies of trade pottery. Further, Griffin (1974) believed that the occupation of southern Florida was generally coastal, with the Everglades being considerably less significant and containing only small midden sites, which indicate many short -teen occupations through the centuries. Based on this belief, he tentatively suggested that the term "Circum-Glades" Area be applied to the area from the Ten Thousand Islands eastward through southeast Florida and northward to St. Lucie County. Unfortunately, this reclassification of the Glades area and the misconception of the insignificance of the Everglades sites have been furtheredby a book on Florida archaeology. The oversight was compounded by the statement that sites are distributed "around the Everglades (with only few sites actually in the Everglades proper)" (Milanich and C ii. The contention that sites are concentrated on the coast and are scarce in the Everglades is partially incorrect. Recent archaeological surveys in the Everglades (Carr et al., 1979; Carr et al., 2002) and within the Big Cypress Swamp (Ehrenhard et at, 1978, 1979, 1980) indicate that there are at least several hundred sites situated within the south Florida interior, some of which are large, substantial sites that suggest more than just marginal or short term use. The term "Everglades Area" for southeast Florida was offered by Carr and Beriault to replace the "Glades" culture area (1984: 1-11). In 1988, Griffin concurred by using "Everglades Area" to describe southeastern Florida and the Florida Keys in his recent synthesis of South Florida archaeology (Griffin, 1988, 1989). It is difficult to determine an exact western boundary for the area, but Carr and Beriault (1984:2) suggest one west of the Shark River and east of Turner River, near the eastern boundary of Big Cypress Swamp. A northern boundary would be near the Broward-Palm Beach County line. Paleo Period (10000 B.C. to 8000 B.C.) Paleoindians lived in southern Florida in association with mammoths, bison, and other types of megafauna. Deposits of fossilized Pleistocene bone have been uncovered by dredging operations �.f '�>t � tt<_*s ;f1 Dad t Couniv. These.. deposits yielded a wide range of grazing ungulates and sloths, indicating the presence of more extensive grasslands than present (Webb and Martin, 1974). With the extinction of the megafauna by about 11,000 B.P., Paleoindians apparently adapted to the emerging wetlands of southern Florida, and began to establish the patterns of subsistence that were to provide the basis of 6 • • • resource procurement for the subsequent 10,000 years. Evidence of the Paleo period in southern Florida is now well established with the discovery of a late Paleo/Early Archaic site at Cutler in south Dade County (Carr, 1986). Radiocarbon dates of 9,640 + 120 years B.P. were determined for this site, which yielded evidence of exploitation of deer and rabbit, some marine fauna, and some indication of hunting extinct horse and peccary. However, the majority of data from this site reflects Indian adaptation to the extinction of New World megafauna. Archaic Period (6500 B.C. to 1000 B.C.) `?iL POST Oiacial., tile. sea ievei rose aril greatly diminished Florida's land size. It has been calculated that the rate of sea level rise was approximately 8.3 cm per 100 years from 6000 to 3000 B.P. That rate has decreased to about 3.5 cm per 100 years from 3000 B.P. to present (Scholl and Stuiver, 1967). By 5000 B.P., cypress swamps and hardwood forests characteristic of the sub -tropics began to develop in southern Florida (Carbone, 1983; Delcourt and Delcourt, 1981). The Archaic Period was characterized by an increased reliance on the shellfish and marine resources on the coast by the native populations, and a generally expanded hunting, fishing, and plant gathering base throughout southern Florida. Archaeologists were not aware until recently of the extent and nature of Archaic Period sites in southern Florida. The earliest dated mid -Archaic archaeological materials are from the Bay West site, a cypress mortuary pond situated in Collier County northeast of Naples (Beriault el al., 1981), It is likely that the Bay West site was a hydric sinkhole that provided an ."oasis" and water hole during the much drier mid -Archaic period_ Radiocarbon dates recovered there indicate a temporal range of 5500 B.P. to 7000 B.P. This chronology and the cultural materials recovered, including preserved °rmanic materials, are very similar to those recovered from Little Salt Spring 110 km to the north (Clausen et al 1979) The mortuary pond is undoubtedly one of the charaLAclistic Hypes of cemeteries of the Archaic Period throughout central and southern Florida_ A mid -Archaic Period site, the first from this period, was recently discovered in Broward County (Carr and Sandler, 1991). The site, 8BD1119, was discovered on Pine Island ridge. Characterized by a scatter of chert flakes and several mid -Archaic projectile points, the site appears to be lithic workshop for reshaping tools. Sites from the Late Archaic Period are becoming increasingly evident in southeast Florida. Sites dating from as early as 4000 B.P. have been located along Biscayne Bay (Carr, 1981a,b), but Late Archaic horizons appear to be common place on Everglades sites. Radiocarbon dates in the Everglades indicate early ages of 3050 ±140 B.P. for the Peace Camp site (Mowers and Williams, 1972:18), and 4840 ± 210 B.P. for Taylor's Head site (8BD74) (Masson et al., 1988:346). The Late Archaic Period is distinguished by the development of fiber -tempered pottery. The Orange series of fiber -tempered pottery is well documented by Cockrell (1970) on Marco Island, and undecorated fiber -tempered pottery has been recovered on the southeast coast at the Atlantis site f (Th.rr 19810 . Site containing fiber tempered pottery have been dated from as early as 3400. 7 • • 100 B.P. on Marco Island, and from ca. 2500 B.P. at the Firebreak site in Collier County, and from 3000 to 4000 B.P. along Biscayne Bay. Partial fiber and sand tempered pottery have been recovered from interior sites such as the Honey Hill site (8DA411), the 202nd Street site in north Dade County, and the Markham. Park (8BD183) site in Broward County. The Glades Period (Ca. 750 B.C. to 1750 A.D.) Goggin (1947) defined three periods for the Formative Era. Using decorated pottery types that have proven to be effective time markers, he created the Glades 1, II and III periods. These divisions have proven most useful in extreme southern Florida. The Glades 1 Early period (750 B.C. to ca. A.D. 200) is characterized by the use of undecorated sand -tempered pottery. Appearance of the Ft. Drum decorated series indicates ceramic decorations in extreme southern Honda were developed by 500 A.D. While decorated types begin appearing during Goggins Late Glades I period. future revisions of the Glades periods may simply make the Glades II Period During the Glades II period (A.D. 750 to A.D. 1200), shifts in ceramic styles allow archaeologists to accurately divide the period into three subperiods based on the relative frequency of certain decorative types (i.e., Key Largo Incised, Miami Incised, Sanibel Incised). Mound construction was also common place during this period, reflecting the rise of a stratified society with a select ruling and/or priest class. During the Glades II and III periods (A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1750), there was a shift in ceramic decorations and vessel shape in extreme southern Florida_ Griffin (1974) reports the near absence of decorated pottery between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1200. Occurrences of St. Johns tradeware and Belle Glade Plain ware increase along the east coast, and in general, a thriving trade network that brought a variety of exotic resources, such as lithic tools and ornaments, is evident. Historic Period (A.D. 1513 - A.D. 1900) The earliest historic reference to the town of Tequesta is on the Herrera map of 1514, where the town of "Chequesta" is depicted opposite the river's mouth. Although supporting documents are r ses ult of Ponce de Leon's fist Florida voyage In x hen he apparently anchored near K.ey Biscayne (Santa Marta), and perhaps either visited or #earned morn a Dative informant of me large Indian town at the river's mouth. In 1567, Pedro Menendez initiated contact with the chief (cacique) of Tequesta through the help of Spanish mutineers who had been protected by the Tequesta during their landing there (Parks, 1983). Menendez left a contingent of Spaniards who built a chapel for a Jesuit cleric and built houses for the Christians. Menendez's settlement contained twenty-eight houses enclosed by a stockaded fort (True, 1945). After fighting broke out between the Spanish and Indians, the settlement was abandoned in 1570. . In 1743, a second mission was attempted when Father Joseph Maria Monaco and Joseph Xavier Alana left Cuba, and began a new settlement on the north bank of the Miami River. This attempt, 8 • • • which included the construction of a triangular wood fort, also failed. Alana found the native populations severely reduced in number encompassing remnants from different tribes around h _ .: t_ f,'r ain ,. t.l _!� S. :ida ';.o Frwia'iid _n -1763 (Romans, 1962). The depopulated town of Tequesta was soon occupied by English and Bahamian adventurers who began to visit and exploit the resources of the South Florida coast. The Seminoles and Miccosukis did not arrive into southern Florida en masse until the Second Seminole War, although some north Florida tribes, such as the Alachua, may have had settlements in the area earlier in the 19`h century. The Seminoles never occupied the mouth of the Miami River because of the presence of white settlers and the establishment of Ft. Dallas, which operated intermittently from 1836-1858. After the Civil War, Seminoles began to trade at the frontier Miami settlement, bringing alligator skins, pelts, and plumes to trade for food, cloth and guns. The Ewan store, located in the old Ft. Dallas site, and the Brickell store on the south bank of the site, became focal points for Seminole trade (Carr 1981c). 9 • • • Land Use History Th : land use histcny of the Hurricane Harbor parcel and adjacent area was researched using Hopkins (Hopkins Map Co.), Sanborn insurance maps (Sanborn Map Co.), Dolphs acreage maps of Dade County, and City directories of Miami_ Located west of downtown Miami on the Miami River, the study parcel includes the subdivisions of Valentine, Pirates Cove, and Riversedge. it has a history of continuous occupation dating from =, , - and was lik . v inhabiter oreviousiy by Native Americans, who camped along the bank (Gaby, 1993). The area of the parcel from 18`1' Avenue west to 19th Avenue was part of a quarter section of land deeded to George Marshall in 1849 by President Zachary Taylor. However, Marshall's home was probably not on the subject parcel. The earliest photograph of the parcel area is an oblique aerial photograph taken in 1910 from the Carbondale Tower that indicates the area was used as a citrus grove (Figure 2). Based on the size of the trees in the grove in the photograph, the grove is estimated to be between five and ten years old. A single structure appears on the parcel near the riverbank. Unfortunately, no plat maps or insurance maps of this parcel are available from before 1925, possibly because the Miami City limits extended only to NW 14th Avenue in 1920 (IA. Gates and Son, 1920), and thus, the ownership of the structure and the grove is unknown. A 1919 map shows that NW North River Drive did not extend to the project parcel, but extended west only to NW 17th Avenue (1919 Sanborn Map Co.). Pirates Cove is shown as a platted subdivision at that time. The same map shows land comprising the present area of Valentine Subdivision was not yet divided in 1919. The area of Pirates Cove historically contained an actual cove in the river, although it is unknown how much of it was natural. Certainly, the existing canal there is a historic feature. The feature became known as Pirates Cove in the 1920s, and the name us.:1 for the subdivision title (Gaby) 1993) In 1925 maps show that the area of Valentines Subdivision contained partitioned lots, but the subdivision name does not appear on insurance or plat maps until the late 1940s (1925 Hopkins Map Co.). The area of Riversedge Subdivision also is unnamed at this time, and no divided lots appear on its land in 1925. The lots in the area of Valentine Subdivision were owned by physician J. P. Heatherington, a resident of 1836 NW North River Drive. His land was within the property that was originally part of the 1849 Marshall land grant. Part of the Heatherington property was sold to Mildred Hugh in 1937, and included a small wood frame house with a Beiniuda roof. Martin Hugh moved the home up the river on a barge in the late 1950s (Gaby, 1993). One commercial structure, the West End Boat Yard, stood at 1884 NW North River Drive in 1925, which spanned across lots 19 and 18. The business was originally Allen's West End Boat Yard, established by Captain Hicks Allen and Roy C. Tracy in 1921. Allen and Tracy cut a channel in the river for boat storage, which began at the anginal cove in the river and ran west to j `• i ,f tl r .. fork (Gaby 1993). The name changed to Trace's West End Boat Yard by 1928 as a result of Tracy buying out his partner (Gaby, 1993). Tracy resided on the parcel with his wife Frances at 1885 NW North River Drive (City Directory, 1928). 10 • • • In 1925, two residential building footprints are depicted in the north-west section of Lot 10 in Pirates Cove (1925 Hopkins Map Co.). The rest of the lots in the parcel were vacant. The same map shows the area platted for a proposed extension of NW North River Drive past its terminus at NW 17th Avenue to a more western terminus at NW 19th Avenue. A bulkhead existed at the shoreline along the river in the south-west region of the parcel and was located in the area that would eventually become Riversedge Subdivision on Lots 16 and 17, and also in Lot 10 of Pirates Cove. A small dredged basin appears in Lots 17 and 18 of Valentine Subdivision. It is unknown who completed this dredge work, although it is possible that Roy Tracy and Hicks Allen formed it for use as a boat slip (1925 Hopkins Map Co.). There was little building activity on the land parcel throughout the 1930s. From 1928 to 1944 there were only three new documented structures built on the property. These buildings were located at addresses 1810, 1900, and 2005 NW North River Drive (Miami City Directory, 1929 :Z.li,>z? �v'13 �,0itc,)tic; �,:.iiil�ili y, aUc:zil.C:d at 2005 NW Nonh Rivei Drive, is t)11ecto1 i0j.; 1, 19_-39), I-3r a complete list of residents on the property see Appendix 1. Development and shoreline alterations affected changes to the parcel throughout the late 1930s and 1940s.(1947 Hopkins Map Co.). A basin was created in the southern portion of the land parcel associated with the West End Boat Works (Figure 3), which included Miami Boat Works Incorporated in 1938, by Louis Nuta Sr. Nuta resided on the parcel at 1884 NW North River Drive and purchased the boat yard in 1939, dredging much of the land on the property. In 1941, he constructed a large commercial building with a curved roof, which still stands as part of Nuta's Yacht Basin. The yacht basin today is run by Lou Nuta Jr, and includes 1,300 feet of riverfront property (Gaby, 1993). The 1939 basin dredging eliminated the bulkhead that existed in the 1920s. Also, its construction resulted in Lots 18 and 19 of Valentine Subdivision being cut away to less than half of their original size, and lot 17 cut into along the western border (Figure 3). Riversdedge Subdivision first appeared platted in 1947, but the southern sections of Lots 16, 17, 18, and 19 also were reduced by the newly formed basin. The West End Boat Yard no longer exists (Miami City Directory, 1939), and the dredging damaged the 60-foot by 325-foot metal hanger at the former West End Boat Yard (Miami City Directory 1938). Within the subdivision of Pirates Cove, eleven structures existed in 1947 (1947 Sanborn Map �. ,.., .,.. v. _._... ._.tl C.... „<_J1i ', v-.c.. _i. s-il� 1h a storage building, and one in Lot 7. Lots 10, 9, 8, and 7 were owned by Louis Nuta. During World War It Louis Nuta's property was taken over by the US Army, who used the land as a repair center for air-sea rescue boats and built many of the above -mentioned structures. H.owever, control of the basin was retained by Nuta during the war (Gaby, 1993). The structures built included a small barracks, a mess hall, repair shops, supply sheds, and buildings that housed Getman prisoners of war (Gaby, 1993). Within Valentine Subdivision, there was one structure on Lot 18, which was an engine repair shop, and three structures on Lot 17. No structures yet existed in Riversedge Subdivision within the project parcel. In addition, by 1947, NW North River Drive was extended west past 2Is` Avenue (1947 Sanborn Map Co.). • • By 1950, Valentine Subdivision contained four additional structures marked as storage buildings within lot 18. In Pirates Cove, a boat works building was constructed on Lots 8 and 9. Most of the structures on the property were residential with the exception of the Nuta's Yacht Basin (Miami City Directory 1947). Around 1950, eight wooden piers were constructed from the shoreline south to the U. S. Harbor Line of Valentines Subdivision along lots 17 through 19 (1950 Sanborn Map Co.). Throughout the 1950s and into the 1970s, the parcel became increasingly commercial in its use and served the boating community, although a few residences still existed. Hardie's Yacht Basin was built and established by brothers Richard and William Hardie in 1956. It is still in existence today and is owned by a Hardie grandson (Gaby, 1993). From the 1950s through the 70s along NW North River Drive, address 1884 became a boat awning shop, number 1860 housed Roberts 3, tl r ,2.as station wi,-_; . !for: '„ 1 :rt P 8M 1 887 bel,ame Dynamar Boat. Yard 1Elt rrld i �;� f .._ a-+ .t,..1•.i :..i ail ,(.�r.t i? a e ��� `�?:_. .i Ci.ty Directory, 195 3 through 1.971). The same -.. year, two privase _-esiden ai structures were present at addresses 1806, and 1810 NW North River Drive (Miami City Directory 1971). Today, the property is largely commercial and serves the marine business community. 12 41. • • • Figure 2. Postcard photograph from 1910, looking east across the Miami River at the Hurricane Harbor parcel. Note dredged sediments on the river bank. 13 • 0 50 /2 /3:/4:/.5 i € I y f7C j g TERRACE (NO'iOPE") 885 50 " 52 62./J l/ /0 ' 4z 3 2 r 41. e 1� Ka 3 * /6 /8 /9 �C) 2/ 22 a /¢ 50 , 2 6:?./3 161 H (}Qr orcx) ST. ,?I f67/8 55) A r ✓U "1 62/3, I/l /0 9 8 7 6' S 4x 3 z 1` t. V2t /3 /4Z /5 /6 /7 /8 /9 2/ ZZtt 3) sge, ,co . r n - A , 5D 875! (NOT OPEN) N. W.g..5STk 65 .V2 50 68 I' ' 60 - • 5.6o e'i �75 kii /uI (.1f�� . � R�7 »R%H Project\,,�ER/ E �; nI /6'1l//, ' /QParc S ;T I S,8 d O .9 �$ 7 i I i # ! Qu/si/u/ci "...,. 4.Obr� iTs - I� 3l6L' • \ T� /.7 ip I O /5 i 7.7 to 369 Figure 3. Plat map of project parcel area, 1947. IL/2 t6 a 0`p `1. I EllJp[- I/ �#E 10 P 8 ❑ 7 © 6' 5 C1 ,', 3 5 "kh"IN ,0 !ar .11t ti,25'50 1155 ' /6 / /8 /9 20 Z/ , 2Z , d ,23 1.�5flh 2 26 /05 80 ) 85, 9/ A3.8 98 899/ /30 39 3/b' chs. 0 2 CH• LY -oz LUMBER/ i r 100 200 feet • • Methodology Research Design The objective of this assessment was to determine whether any prehistoric or historic materials, features, or sites occur on the project parcel, and if so, whether they would be impacted by development of the parcel. Prior .to conducting fieldwork, archival documents, including but not limited to Sanborn and Hopkins Insurance maps, and previous archaeological investigations in the area were reviewed. Due to the proximity of the project parcel to the river, particularly its confluence to the north and south forks of the Miami River, it was determined that it had a high 1.61 LuL;i1a.logical sites occurring Fieldwork because asphalt and concrete cover almost the entire parcel, the test excavations were limited to the gravel parking area beneath a grove of oak trees in the center of the parcel, which was adjacent to NW North River Drive. A total of three judgmental 40cm x 40cm test holes were dug on the parcel (Figure 4). All three tests encountered construction debris and limestone fill, limiting the depth of the excavation to between 50 and 70 cm below ground surface. All sediments encountered during the testing were heavily disturbed, mostly consisting of dark orange and brown silty clay with copious amounts of iron saturated limestone span. Alt excavation materials were sifted through a 1/4-inch steel mesh hand-held screen and all holes were backfilled. All material suspected of being of archaeological significance was placed in seal- able plastic bags and sent to the AHC lab in Davie for evaluation and conservation. . All archaeological materials were brought to the AHC lab in Davie for cleaning, identification, and analysis_ This material will be transferred to the Historical Museum of Southern Florida. Figure 4. Map of Hurricane Harbor Parcel showing archaeological test holes. 0 Archaeological Test Hole - f° Structure or Dock Greenspace 0 N 0 50 too feet • Results and Recommendations for Management This, assessment, based on a review of historical documents and limited archaeological testing, !-C) . 9.3re_1`1rvel'y disturbed from previous clearing and :Tr ugin iltii1 viU (tG%f i a i� iu a least as ra Iy as 1510. Developmental activities have included numerous dredging episodes that have reconfigured the parcel's riverbank, removing upland areas and creating slips into what was once upland areas. Dredged sediments and possibly other fill sediments have been spread across the parcel and any natural sediments that might exist occur beneath existing areas of fill, asphalt, and several structures. Opportunities for shovel testing were limited, and the use of mechanical excavation was not an option for this phase of work. An area of gravel parking beneath an oak grove provided the only excavation opportunity. A total of three holes dug there resulted in the uncovering, of only fill, but interestingly, a large quantity of early twentieth century refuse and several faunal bones consistent with bone from prehistoric midden sites was uncovered (Appendix 2). This material suggests the possibility that a prehistoric site may have occurred on this site prior to ground disturbing activities. It is the consultant's opinion that archaeological requirements will have a minimal affect on the parcel's full development. it is unlikely that any intact archaeological features or sites currently exist on the parcel, however, some scattered isolated or redeposited artifacts might occur, and thri,. ,same intermittent archaeological monitoring and additional testing will provide for mitigation for ¢h ticvelonmenf at the parcel It is recommended that additional archaeological testing be conducted using mechanical means to penetrate the till prior to any construction activities. If additional archaeological testing or monitoring results in the discovery of a significant archaeological site or feature, than the Miami -Dade County archaeologist should be notified, and any significant discovery will need to be reported to the City of Miami Historic Preservation Board, as required by Chapter 23 of the City's Historic Preservation Ordinance. If human remains are encountered, then the guidelines of State Statute 872.05, the Unmarked Human Remains Act will apply. Although some parts of the existing structures on the project parcel date from 1941, these structures are not regarded as architecturally or historically significant. The use of the property by the army during World War II as a repair facility and for housing German prisoners of war is of local significance, and further documentation of this property's World War II significance is recommended as part of a final historical assessrnent report. Management for archaeological concerns should include the following actions: 1 . Intermittent monitoring by an archaeologist during the demolition of existing structures and removal of any trees. rinn ,9 fir; h “-"Cylr)7t,.-;ll s5in usinc a media cal methods will be conducted before If archaeological sites and/or features are uncovered during monitoring or further :j c ccmentcd. 17 • • References Cited Beriault, JG, RS Carr, JJ Stipp, R Johnson and J Meeder 1981 The Archaeological Salvage of the Bay West Site, Collier County, Florida The Florida Anthropologist 34 (2):39 - 58. Carbone, VA 1983 Late Quaternary Environments in Florida and the Southeast. The Florida Anthropologist 36(1-2). 1981 a Dade County Historic Final Report: The Archaeological Survey, Metropolitan Dade County Office of Community and Economic Development, Historic Preservation Division Miami, Florida. 1981b Salvage Excavations at Iivo Prehistoric Cemeteries in Dade County, Florida. Paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences. Winter Park. 1981c The Brickell Store and Seminole Indian Trade. The Florida Anthropologist 34(4):180-199. 1986 Preliminary Report of Archaeological .Excavations at the Cutler Fossil Site in Southern Florida. Paper presented at the 51 st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. New Orleans. Carr, RS and JG Beriault 198i Prehistoric Man in Southern Florida. In Environments of South Florida, Present and • Past Coral Gables: Miami Geological Society , pp. 1-14 Carr, RS, J Beriault, I Eyster, and M Ammidown 1979 An Archaeological and Historical Survey of the Site 14 Replacement Airport and its Proposed Access Corridors. Dade County, Florida. Carr, RS and M Greene 1961 Field Notes on Excavations at Brickell Point. Notes on file at the Historical Museum of Southern Florida. Carr, RS, JB Ransom, JG Beriault, and M Lance 2002 An Archaeological Assessment of the C-4 Basin Parcel, Miami -Dade County, Florida. AHC Technical Report 4368. Carr, RS and D Sandler 1991 Archaeological Investigations at Westridge, Broward County, Florida. AHC Technical Report # 3 7. • • .iau e , 1.J, tiffs k„,01iv1i,oiri ail edict J J Stipp 1979 Little Salt Spring, Florida a (unique Underwater Site. Science 203:609-614. Cockrell, WA 1970 Settlement and Subsistence Patterns on Marco Island, Collier County, Florida. Thesis submitted to Department of Anthropology, Florida State University. Delcourt, PA and HR Delcourt 1981 Vegetation Maps for Eastern North America: 40,000 yr. B.P. to the present. In R. C. Romans (ed.) Geobotanyll. Plenum Publishing Corp. Douglass, A 1884 Diary on file at the P.K. Yonge Library, University of Florida, Gainesville. 17 RS Carr and RC Taylor t,- 1t k F o if i al Sunfev o`t ili, l ?: Ci'nress National Preserve' Phase l Southeast A 'Lita'tuio&cai Center, c aidoriai i- a...K6e.rvlce, I alianassee, 1979 The Archaeological Survey of the Big Cypress National Preserve: Season 2. Southeast Archaeological Center, National Park Service, Tallahassee, Florida. Chit.[ L3 i.titiai t.1 1980 The Archaeological Survey of the Big Cypress National Preserve: Season 4. Southeast Archaeological Center, National Park Service, Tallahassee, Florida. Gaby, D 1993 "The Miami River and its Tributaries". Miami: Historical Association of Southern Florida. Goggin, JM 1947 A Preliminary Definition of Archaeological Areas and Periods in Florida. American Antiquity 13:114-127. 19,19 The Archaeology of the Glades Area. Typescript on file at the Southeast Pesear, 1. t r T_T 9 -National Park Service, Tallahassee_ Florida 17 i Archaeology and Environment in South Florida. In P. J. Gleason (ed.) Environments o/ South i.loriGil.d: 7 rest:: a c:to Fuss. Miami i eological Society, lvlernoir 2, pp. 342- 346, 1988 The Archaeology of Everglades National Park: A Synthesis. National Parks Services, Southeast Archaeological Center, Tallahassee, Florida. 19 • it; n " • I�,rt r on 1: 17 71 i ii i,i-rfiy; f T+;6 ' caTl"IS{: Fish FS \Vini T l !-,tuck, am4 1\4K v eic ? 1985 Excavations at the Granada Site. Archaeology% and History of the Granada Site, vol. 1. kec,,317i'S Managerneni. Failahassee Hopkins, G.M. 1925 Flat hook of (.ireater.A4lami, Florida and Suburbs. Philadelphia. 1.947 Plat book of Greuier it liarrti, Florida arid Suburbs. Philadelphia. Laxson, DD 1959 Three Salvaged Tequesta Sites in Dade County, Florida. The Florida Anthropologist 12(3): 57-64. 1968 The Dupont Plaza Site. The FlaridaAnthropologist 21(2&3): 55-60. Masson, M, RS Carr, and D Goldman 1988 The Taylor's Head Site (8BD74): Sampling a Prehistoric Midden on an Everglades Tree Tsland The Florida ,9nthropnlogist V(3)136-350. - r' �'f \ 'Id err ID -:1V s'4 i:i , 9 cLi U t',, Y - :,i.Lt i. i..7 1972 The Peace Camp Site, Broward County, Florida. The Florida Anthropologist 25 :1-20. • Parks, AM 1983 Excavations at the Granada Site. Volume 3, History. Florida Division of Archives, History and Records Management, Tallahassee. Polk's Miami City Directory 1911-1973 Polk's Miami City Directory. Jacksonville: R.L. Polk & Co. Romans, B 1962 Natural History of ,Florida. Facsimile of 1775 ed., University Presses of Florida, Gainesville. Sanborn Map Cornnanv 1919 insurance Maps of Miami, Volume 1. New York: Sanborn Map Co. 1947 Irrsur-urtce Maps c f Miaini, Volume 1..New York: Sanborn Map Co. Wit,° r;ltwi ta:-LiY i.i-i= iV.f fi,> i�r 1vliQl"ii.i, i''lLt�i1L i. New YUI[t. Sanborn Map Co. '3ctioii, 1)w an 1 `i 7 wve 1967 Recent Submergence of Southern Florida. Geological Society of America Bulletin 78.437-454. 20 • Stirling, MW 1936 Florida Cultural Affiliations in Relationship to Adjacent Areas, In Essays in Anthropology in Honor of Alfred Louis Kroeber. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 351-3 57. Sturtevant, WC 1953 Chakaika and the `Spanish Indians': Documentary Sources Compared with Seminole Tradition.7equesta /3:35-73_ 1945 Memoir of Do. d'.Escalaizte Fontenneda Respecting Florida, Written in Spain about the Year 1575. Translated by Buckingham Smith. Glade House, Coral Gables, Florida. Webb, SD and RA Martin 1974 Late Pleistocene Mammals from the Devil's Den Fauna, Levy County. In SD Webb (Ed.) Pleistocene Mammals of Florida. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, pp. 114-145. ASdix 1: Residents of t8t; i U3 NW North River Drive8 to 1975 NW North River Drive Date of Directory 1928 1935 1938 1940 1946 SiA 1962 1975 Address Resident/ Occupation non-existent Resid t r= / Occu ::. io.. Louis Behre . mecha. Resident/ Occupation Resident/ Occupation Resident/ Occupation t-: side-: t/ s :_ cups tion Resident/ Occupation Resident/ Occupation 1810 Lawrence and Nell ' Burton Chas P Adams/ salesman Chas Adams _d A('ams Edgar J and Suzanne Lynn/ attendant at Pontiac Co. Santa Canto 1836 John P. Heatherington physician same W. H and 1. Morris/ lumber superintendent Vacant not listed - lists-d not listed not listed 1884 Tracy's West End Boat Yard West Li1,- Miami Boat Boat Works Inc. Yard Boat Builders/ pres. Al Comeau Nuta Yacht Basin Boat Builders/ owner Louis Nuta Nuta Yacht Basin ' Jta aril ">>- :Irray .t. 'tester N urray Boat , , vning 5 Correct Service Corp./ pres Phil D Firman Nuta's Boat Yard and Padilla Boat Builders 1901 non-existent non -ex e ; ent non-existent non-existent non-existent .1-exiAent non-existent Callahan Plaza Apartments/ 48 residents 1911 non-existent non-existent non-existent non-existent non-existent on -existent non-existent Apartments/ 48 residents 1885 R.J. Tracy owner of West End Boat Yard same vacant Harold H Rash/ Teacher vacant _l<u1 E Hale at`;d Stanis I'anMeensel/ inspector Paul E Hale not listed 1900 Vacant Vacant Armington Walker W Bodden/ watchman vacant n t listed not listed not listed 1 Appendix i. Date c),f 19: Directory A.ddr.tss Rr< Oc 2005 10: 2100 no 1960 nog 1806 no 1808 no,.. , • dents of NW North River Drive (continued 1935 1938 1940 '. t'a4, 1956 1962 19' °.. ; t! y: tion Resident/ Occupation Resident/ Occupation Resident/ i ,s dent/ Occupatiok (c.( rpation Resident/ Occupation Resident! Occupation Re. ,.lent/ Ock pation :tent non-existent Super -Transit Mix Concrete Co./ pres. G Allison not listed r.:»t 'sted not listed not listed not sted x,tent non-existent non-existent non-existen el-.ard E E 7c: Mks/ boat b> i1::er Hardie Marine Yacht Basin/ owners R and W Hardie same sal, _x.,tent non-existent non-existent non-existen non-existent York Rite Masonic Temple not listed not isted • > -tent non-existent non-existent non-existen= n )n -existent Avery B and Catherine Wilhelm/ supervisor for State Beverage Dept. Avery Band Catherine Wilhelm/ supervisor for State Beverage Dept. vac. ,Tit existent non-existent non-existent non-existen non-existent Harold E Teeple/ mechanic not listed not listed • • • Appendix 2. Hurricane Harbor Test Hole Log Location: all three test holes were dug in a gravel parking area just west of Hurricane Cove offices (Figure 2). The parking area contained two oaks and two ficus trees. ST #f 0-25 cm 25-50 cm dark brown/dark gray silty clay dark orange/ brown silty clay with lots of limestone nodules *FS 1: brick, fish vertebrae, 1 cut nail ST#2 0-30 cm 30-70 cni 70 cm rich black loam with limestone spall* * dark orange/brown silty clay w/ lots of limestone nodules rock impasse *FS 2: brick, 1 cut nail, assorted hardware ST #3 0-40 cm 40-65 cm 65 cm black/brown silty sand dark orange/brown silty clay w/ lots of limestone nodules rock impasse *FS 3: fish vertebrae, porcelain teacup (ca. 1900-1920) 1meslorte nocioJes were orange to color ndic DWI a high iron content G4 Ent D (FMSF iirvey # (FMSF only) only) /_/ Survey Log Sheet Florida Master Site File Version 2.0 9/97 Consult Guide to the Survey Log Sheet for detailed instructions. Survey Project (Name and project phase) Hurricane harbor Report Title (exactly as on title page) An Archaeological and Historical Assessment and Management Plan for Hurricane Harbor, Miami -Dade Coutny, Florida Report Author(s) (as on title page— individual or corporate; last names first) Carr, Robert, Longo, Victor, and Delano, Briana Publication Date (year) 2003 Total Number of Pages in Report (Count text, figures, tables, not site forms) 22 Publication information .Et relevant, series and no. in series, puoiisher, and city. For article or chapter, cite page nunmbers UsF- the style of American Antiquity: see Guide to the Survey Log Sheet.) Archaeological and Historical Supervisor(c) of Fieldwork: whither or not the sanne : suthor[s]; last name first) Longo, Victor Affiliation of Fieldworkers (organization, city) AHC, Inc. Key Words/Phrases (Don't use the county, or common words like archaeology, structure, survey, architecture. Put the most important first. Limit each word or phrase to 25 characters.) Miami River, Pirate's Cove Survey Sponsors (corporation, government unit, or person who is directly paying for fieldwork) Name Balbino Investments, Inc AddresslPhone Recorder of Log Sheet Mark Lance Date Log Sheet Completed _7_/_18 ]03^ Is this survey or project a continuation of a previous project? x No ❑ Yes: Previous survey #(s) [FMSF only] Counties (List each one in which field survey was done - do not abbreviate; use supplement sheet if necessary) Yviiaim-ijdoe USGS 1:24,000 Map(s) : Map Name/Date of Latest Revision (use supplement sheet if necessary): Miami, FL 7 7 103 Total Area Surveyed (fill In one) Number of Distinct Tracts or Areas Surveyed 1 If Corridor (flu in one for each): Width meters feet Length miles kilometers HR6E06610-97 Florida Master Site File, Division of Historical Resources, Gray Building, 500 South Bronough Street, 'Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Phone 850-487-2299,Suncom 277-2299, FAX 850-921-0372, Email fmsfile@mail.dos.state.fl.us, Web http:/Iwww.dos.state.fl.usldhrimsfl G:tWork FileslHurricane Harbor\Survey Logsheet.doc 07/18/03 9.55 AM Page 2 Survey Log Sheet of the Florida Master Site File 4 pas of Survey all that apply): x archaeological ❑ architectural 0historical/archival 0 underwater 3 other: 110 ellrt?#t`:; l y Methods (I-- ii Check as many as apply to the prolecf as a whole. If needed write others at bottom). 'J1 Florida r,rcnives (Gray Building) 0 library research- local public x local property or tax records 0 windshield Florida Photo Archives (Gray Building) J library -special collection -- nonlocai a newspaper files 0 aerial photography Li FIVISF site property search Li Public Lands Survey (maps at DEP) x literature search a FMSF survey search 0 local informant(s) x Sanborn insurance maps Li other (describe) Archaeological Methods (Describe the proportion of properties at which method was used by writing in the corresponding letter. Blanks are interpreted as "None.") F(-ew: 0-20%), S(-ome: 20-50%); M(-ost: 50-90%); or A( -II, Nearly all: 90-100%). If needed write others at bottom. LI Check here if NO archaeological methods were used. surface collection, controlled _ other screen shovel test (size: surface collection, uncontrolled shovel test-1J4"screen S shovel test-1/8" screen shovel test 1116"screen shovel test-unscreened water screen (finest size: _ posthole tests _ auger (size: _ coring test excavation (at least 1x2 M) block excavation (at least 2x2 M) soil resistivity magnetometer side scan sonar unknown other (describe): Historical/Architectural Methods (Describe the proportion of properties at which method was used by writing in the corresponding letter. Blanks are interpreted as "None.") F(-ew: 0-20%), S(-ome: 20-50%); M(-ost: 50-90%); or A(-11, Nearly all: 90-100%). If needed write others at bottom. 0 Check here if NO historical/architectural methods were used. building permits demolition permits commercial permits exposed ground inspected interior documentation _A local property records neighbor interview occupant interview occupation permits A subdivision maps _A tax records unknown other (describe): Cupeiii Lam �1-yii�1�, Jul � . Ater historical e a ch, a] eel surveyed with judgmentally placed test Qies in rr;e k i areas net heavily disturbed. iiv Site Significance Evaluated? °Yes xNo If Yes, circle NR-eligible/significant site numbers below Site Counts: Previously Recorded Sites 0 Newly Recorded Sites 0 Previously Recorded Site #'s (List site #'s without "8." Attach supplementary pages if necessary) Newly Recorded Site #'s (Are you sure all are originals and not updates? Identify methods used to check for updates, ie, researched the FMSF records. List site #'s without "8_" Attach supplementary pages if necessary.) Site Form Used: X SmartForm ❑ FMSF Paper Form ❑ Approved Custom Form: Attach DO NOT USE ■..04.■SITE FILE USE ONLY DO NOT USE BAR Related Related ❑ 872 ❑ 1A32 ❑CARL ❑UW BHP ❑ State Historic Preservation Grant ❑ Compliance Review: CRAT ATTACH PLOT OF SURVEY AREA ON PHOTOCOPIES OF USGS 1:24,000 MAP S) • HR6E06610-97 Florida Master Site File, Division of Historical Resources; Cray Building, 500 South Bronough Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Phone 850-4.87-2299,Suncom 277-2299, FAX 850-921-0372, Email fmsfile@mail.dos.state.fl.us, Web http:llwww.dos.state.fi.usldhr/miff C:\Work FilestHurricane Harborlsurvey Logsheet.doc 07118/03 9:55 AM