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HomeMy WebLinkAboutArcheological Plan• • An Archaeological Assessment and Management Plan for the Miami River Center Parcel, Miami, Florida by Mark Lance, M.A. Victor Longo, B.A. Briana Delano, B.A. conducted under the direction of Robert S. Carr, M.S. Archaeological and Historical Conservancy 4800 S.W. 64th Avenue, suite 107 Davie, FL 33314 (954) 792-9776 for Royal Atlantic Developers, LLC. AHC Technical Report 11453 September, 2003 • • Table of Contents List of Figures Consultant Summary 1 Project Setting 3 Previous Research 4 Cultural Summary 6 Land Use History 10 Methodology 12 Results and Management Plan 15 References Cited 16 Appendix 1: Miami River Center Auger Hole Log 18 Appendix 2: Miami River Center Field Specimen Log 22 Appendix 3. Residents of Sportsman Park Subdivision 23 • • • List of Figure's 1. Map of the Miami River Center project area 2 2. 1947 Hopkins map of the Miami River Center project parcel 11 3. Map of Miami River Center showing auger holes 13 4. View east across the Miami River Center Parcel 14 5. Crew augering test hole # 18 14 11 • • • Consultant Summary In August, 2003 the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy conducted an archaeological assessment of the Miami River Center parcel located at 1001 NW 7th Street for Royal Atlantic Developers, LLC. The parcel encompasses a vacant structure and adjoining parking lot. The work and the report confoiiii to the specifications set forth in Chapter IA-46, Florida Administrative Code. It also was conducted in response to the parcels location within a City of Miami Archaeological Conservation area located along the south bank of the Miami River, as described in the City of Miami Historic Preservation Chapter 23. A review of archival records and an auger test hole survey was conducted of the parcel. A total of 18 auger holes was dug across the parcel. Natural peat soils were encountered in every hole, and these soils were covered by about four feet of fill. No significant historical or archaeological material was observed or collected in any hole. It is unlikely that any significant archaeological features or sites currently exist on the parcel, however, some scattered isolated or redeposited artifacts might occur, and thus some intermittent archaeological monitoring should be conducted during the initial demolition and excavation activities at the parcel. The developer proposes an archaeological management plan that will include monitoring by an archaeologist during initial demolition of the existing structure and parking lot, as we11 as during initial excavation and construction activities. • • • Figure 1. Map of Miami River Cen Twp. 53S, Rng. 42E, Section 35 Source: USGS Miami Quadrangle (1969) er Project Area Scale 0 1/2 1 Mile N 2 • • • Project Setting The project parcel encompasses the foiiiier Miami News Building and is located on the south bank of the Miami River at 1001 NW 7th Street in Miami, Florida. It consists of Lots 1 through 29 of Tract 2, and Lots 1 through 28 of Track 5 South within Section 35 of Township 53 South, Range 41 East (Figure 1). The relevant USGS map is the Miami Quadrangle. The parcel is approximately 6.3 acres in size. It is roughly triangular in shape and bounded on the south side by NW 7th Street, on the west by NW 11 th Avenue, and on the north side by the Miami River, and on the east by a private parcel (Fig. 1). The project parcel contains an existing vacant structure and an adjacent asphalt parking lot. The original ground elevation is unknown. The bedrock underlying this is Miami Oolite, a limestone that characterizes the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. Prior to historic development, the parcel's northern part was largely characterized as a freshwater marsh abating the Miami River. It is difficult to determine the exact location of the historic bank of the river, but it is between LOO to 150 feet south of the existing bank, probably beneath the existing building footprint adjacent to the vacated right-of- way for NW South River Drive that once bisected the project parcel, All of the current land north of the fowler alignment of NW -South River Drive was probably filled prior to the 1920's. 3 • • • Previous Research The earliest documented visit to the Miami River and the Biscayne Bay area by an archaeologist was in 1869 by Jeffries Wyman, who made some cursory notes on his visit and conducted limited investigations of aboriginal mounds and middens on both sides of the river (Eck 2000, Gifford 1978). He reported a mound "...about eleven feet high, sixty long and forty broad, covered with sand" and composed of limestone fragments about one-half mile from Biscayne Bay and 150 yards south of the Miami River (Figure 1). He conducted a small excavation but did not find anything. This mound, the Miami Rock Mound #2 (8DA17) was destroyed at an unknown date, but would have been in the immediate area of the project parcel. The mound is tentatively dated to the prehistoric Glades period. Andrew E. Douglass (1885) made an extensive survey of mounds at the mouth of the Miami River in 1882, including DA17. Douglass examined a looter's hole in the mound and found a modern coffin and bones. He noted a black dirt and shell midden on the north bank of the Miami River near the present-dayConvention Center and the Brickell Avenue bridge (Figure 1). This site, the Miami Midden 1 (8DAI 1), or Granada, was the principal site of the town of the Tequesta during the Spanish contact period. Several sand mounds and middens were reported on Brickell Point and near the Miami River. Douglass reported a sand mound 1000 feet south/southwest of Brickell Point (8DA13). John Goggin recorded the Brickell Point site as Miami Midden #2 (8DA12) in his inventory of southern Florida sites (n.d.). He noted that the old Brickell home " [was] built on top of the refuse... [of] a low black dirt midden with some shell," probably referring to an area on what is now the Sheraton Hotel property. An avocational archaeologist, Dan Laxson, conducted excavations on the EIks Club property (within the Sheraton parcel) in 1958 and 1959 (Laxson, 1959:67-68). Laxson's trenches were dug about 100 meters to the south of the southeast comer of the Brickell Point Apartments. His excavations uncovered extensive aboriginal black dirt midden deposits that were assigned the site number 8DA98 (FMSF 1959). As youths in 1961, Carr and his friend, Mark Greene, excavated a single trench about two meters long on top of the bluff at a location now occupied by the Sheraton Hotel (Carr and Greene, 1961). They also investigated below the crawl space of the last remaining Brickell mansion and observed white sand, a large number of human teeth, and artifacts suggesting that a burial mound once might have been located there. Carr also collected a large quantity of glass beads and other artifacts associated with the Brickell Trading Post (Carr, 1981b). In 1978-1980, the Dade County Historic Survey was completed. The survey included a review of archival and archaeological materials, as well as field visits to archaeological sites throughout urban Miami -Dade County (Carr, 198,1 a). The survey recorded extensive evidence of prehistoric occupation at Brickell Point and along the south bank of the Miami River. A review of archival records indicated that an area of prehistoric occupation extended for at least 1000 feet south of the Miami River along Biscayne Bay and at least 1000 feet westward along the Miami River to an area just east of the Miami Avenue Bridge. A prehistoric midden with a historic component, the South Bank site 4 • • • (8DA1037), is located to the east of this bridge. Evidence based on field visits by Carr along the Miami River dating back to 1960 suggested that the deepest midden deposits were at Brickell Point. In 1980, the Elks Club parcel was scheduled for the construction of a Holiday Inn Hotel (now the Sheraton). The Miami -Dade County Historic Preservation Division organized salvage excavations directed by Carr using student .yolunteers from the University of Miami and members of the Archaeological Society of Southern Florida. The three-month project uncovered well-preserved black dirt midden averaging 50 cm in depth. The project area was included under the Florida Master Site File number 8DA98, but is now considered to be a component of 8DA12, as described by Goggin's original determination for the overall Brickell Point site. Thousands of prehistoric and historic artifacts, as well as faunal bone were collected reflecting human activities dating back over 2000 years, with including a significant nineteenth century occupation. Six radiocarbon dates were obtained from basal midden horizons during these excavations (Table I). These dates suggest that this part of 8DA12 was first occupied during the early Glades I Period (A.D. 1-A.D. 750). In 1998, the Miami Circle was discovered at Brickell Point during monitoring of demolition of the Brickell Apartments. The discovery of this significant site led to its public acquisition by the state of Florida and Miami -Dade County (Carr and Ricisak, 2000). In 2001, Brickell Park was assessed by the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy resulting in the locating of human remains within Brickell Park (Carr, 2001). There are a number of archaeological and historic sites located within a mile of the project area. The Williams Site, or 8DA1658 is located slightly less than a mile to the northwest along the same bank of the Miami River. It is a dense midden site discovered during the construction of an additional wing for the Dodge Hospital in 1984. The site dates to the Glades period, with St. Johns Check Stamped pottery indicating a Glades III occupation there. Adjacent to this site is 8DA1032. It is about three-quarters of a mile away along the same bank of the Miami River. Little is known about this site and it may be related to 8DA1658. Less than one-half mile to the northeast of the project parcel are two historic sites. 8DA1055 is known as Mercado/Wagner I. It is noted as the probable site of the 19th century Wagner homestead and coontie mill, 8DA1062. A scatter of historic artifacts was discovered there in 1981. Nearby was the Wagner House that subsequently was moved to Lummus Park. • • Cultural Summary The project parcel is located within the Glades archaeological area, which includes all of southern Florida, as originally defined as a distinctive cultural area by Stirling (1936). Goggin (1947) defined more specific boundaries for the area and identified three inclusive sub -areas: the "Calusa" in southwest Florida, the "Tekesta" in southeast Florida and the Florida Keys, and the "Okeechobee" around Lake Okeechobee. Coggin classified these sub -areas on the basis of his recognition of their distinctive natural environments, the different tribes in those regions during historic times, and differences in the archaeological record. Since Goggin's work, there have been several amendments to these definitions. Griffin (1974) noted Goggin's error in utilizing the names of historic tribes to name two of the sub -areas, and he saw no significant differences in the material culture of southern Florida that was not due to variations in coastal environments or to different frequencies of trade pottery. Further, Griffin (1974) believed that the occupation of southern Florida was generally coastal, with the Everglades being considerably less significant and containing only small midden sites, which indicate many short term occupations through the centuries. Based on this belief, he tentatively suggested that the term "Circurn-Glades" Area be applied to the area from the Ten Thousand Islands eastward through southeast Florida and northward to St. Lucie County. Unfortunately, this reclassification of the Glades area and the misconception of the insignificance of the Everglades sites have been furthered by a book on Florida archaeology. The oversight was compounded by the statement that sites are distributed "around the Everglades (with only few sites actually in the Everglades proper)" (Milanich and Fairbanks 1980:233). The contention that sites are concentrated on the coast and are scarce in the Everglades is partially incorrect. Recent archaeological surveys in the Everglades (Carr et al., 1979; Carr et al., 2002) and within the Big Cypress Swamp (Ehrenhard et al., 1978, 1979, 1980) indicate that there are at least several hundred sites situated within the south Florida interior, some of which are large, substantial sites that suggest more than just marginal or short term use. The terror "Everglades Area" for southeast Florida was offered by Carr and Beriault to replace the "Glades" culture area (1984: 1-11). In 1988, Griffin concurred by using "Everglades Area" to describe southeastern Florida and the Florida Keys in his recent synthesis of South Florida archaeology (Griffin, 1988, 1989), It is difficult to determine an exact western boundary for the area, but Carr and Beriault (1984:2) suggest one west of the Shark River and east of Turner River, near the eastern boundary of Big Cypress Swamp. A northern boundary would be near the Broward-Palm Beach County line. Paleo Period (10000 B.C. to 8000 B.C.) Paleoindians lived in southern Florida in association with mammoths, bison, and other types of megafauna. Deposits of fossilized Pleistocene bone have been uncovered by dredging operations from several locations in southern Florida and from solution holes in south Dade County. These deposits yielded a wide range of grazing ungulates and sloths, indicating the presence of more extensive grasslands than present (Webb and Martin, • • • 1974). With the extinction of the megafauna by about 11,000 B.P., Paleoindians apparently adapted to the emerging wetlands of southern Florida, and began to establish the patterns of subsistence that were to provide the basis of resource procurement for the subsequent 10,000 years. Evidence of the Paleo period in southern Florida is now well established with the discovery of a late Paleo/Early Archaic site at Cutler in south Dade County (Carr, 1986). Radiocarbon dates of 9,640 ± 120 years B.P. were deteiiiiined for this site, which yielded evidence of exploitation of deer and rabbit, some marine fauna, and some indication of hunting extinct horse and peccary. However, the majority of data from this site reflects Indian adaptation to the extinction of New World megafauna. Archaic Period (6500 B.C. to 1000 B.C.) During the Post Glacial, the sea level rose and greatly diminished Florida's land size. It has been calculated that the rate of sea level rise was approximately 8.3 cm per 100 years from 6000 to 3000 B.P. That rate has decreased to about 3.5 cm per 100 years from 3000 B.P. to present (Scholl and Stuiver, 1967). By 5000 B.P., cypress swamps and hardwood forests characteristic of the sub -tropics began to develop in southern Florida (Carbone, 1983; Delcourt and Delcourt, 1981). The Archaic Period was characterized by an increased reliance on the shellfish and marine resources on the coast by the native populations, and a generally expanded hunting, fishing, and plant gathering base throughout southern Florida. Archaeologists were not aware until recently of the extent and nature of Archaic Period sites in southern Florida. The earliest dated mid -Archaic archaeological materials are from the Bay West site, a cypress mortuary pond situated in Collier County northeast of Naples (Beriault et al., 1981). It is likely that the Bay West site was a hydric sinkhole that provided an "oasis" and water hole during the much drier mid -Archaic period. Radiocarbon dates recovered there indicate a temporal range of 5500 B.P. to 7000 B.P. This chronology and the cultural materials recovered, including preserved organic materials, are very similar to those recovered from Little Salt Spring 110 km to the north (Clausen et al., 1979). The mortuary pond is undoubtedly one of the characteristic types of cemeteries of the Archaic Period throughout central and southern Florida. A mid -Archaic Period site, the first from this period, was recently discovered in Broward County (Carr and Sandler, 1991). The site, 8BDI119, was discovered on Pine Island ridge. Characterized by a scatter of chert flakes and several mid -Archaic projectile points, the site appears to be lithic workshop for reshaping tools. Sites from the Late Archaic Period are becoming increasingly evident in southeast Florida. Sites dating from as early as 4000 B.P. have been located along Biscayne Bay (Carr, 1981a,b), but Late Archaic horizons appear to be common place on Everglades sites. Radiocarbon dates in the Everglades indicate early ages of 3050 ±140 B.P. for the Peace Camp site (Mowers and Williams, 1972:18), and 4840 ± 210 B.P. for Taylor's Head site (8BD74) (Masson et al., 1988:346). • • The Late Archaic Period is distinguished by the development of fiber -tempered pottery. The Orange series of fiber -tempered pottery is well documented by Cockrell (1970) on Marco Island, and undecorated fiber -tempered pottery has been recovered on the southeast coast at the Atlantis site (Carr, 1981c). Sites containing fiber -tempered pottery have been dated from as early as 3400 ± 100 B.P. on Marco Island, and from ca. 2500 B.P. at the Firebreak site in Collier County; and from 3000 to 4000 W.P. along Biscayne Bay. Partial fiber and sand tempered pottery have been recovered from interior sites such as the Honey Hill site (8DA411), the 202nd Street site in north Dade County, and the Markham Park (8BD183) site in Broward County. The Glades Period (Ca. 750 S.C. to 1750 A.D.) Goggin (1947) defined three periods for the Formative Era. Using decorated pottery types that have proven to be effective time markers, he created the Glades 1, II and 111 periods. These divisions have proven most useful in extreme southern Florida. The Glades I Early period (750 B.C. to ca. A.D. 200) is characterized by the use of undecorated sand -tempered pottery. Appearance of the Ft. Drum decorated series indicates ceramic decorations in extreme southern Florida were developed by 500 A.D. While decorated types begin appearing during Goggin's Late Glades I period, future revisions of the Glades periods may simply make the Glades II Period coincide with the first appearance of decorated wares. During the Glades II period (A.D. 750 to A.D. 1200), shifts in ceramic styles allow archaeologists to accurately divide the period into three subperiods based on the relative frequency of certain decorative types (i.e., Key Largo Incised,. Miami Incised, Sanibel Incised). Mound construction was also common place during this period, reflecting the rise of a stratified society with a select ruling and/or priest class. During the Glades II and III periods (A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1750), there was a shift in ceramic decorations and vessel shape in extreme southern. Florida. Griffin (1974) reports the near absence of decorated pottery between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1200. Occurrences of St. Johns tradeware and Belle Glade Plain ware increase along the east coast, and in general, a thriving trade network that brought a variety of exotic resources, such as lithic tools and ornaments, is evident. Historic Period (A.D. 1513 - A.D. 1900) The earliest historic reference to the town of Tequesta is on the Herrera map of 1514, where the town of "Chequesta" is depicted at the river's mouth. Although supporting documents are elusive, it is apparent that this place name is a result of Ponce de Leon's first Florida voyage in 1513, when he apparently anchored near Key Biscayne (Santa Marta), and perhaps either visited or learned from a Native informant of the large Indian town at the river's mouth. In 1567, Pedro Menendez initiated contact with the chief (cacique) of Tequesta through the help of Spanish mutineers who had been protected by the Tequesta during their • • landing there (Parks, 1983). Menendez left a contingent of Spaniards who built a chapel for a Jesuit cleric and built houses for the Christians. Menendez's settlement contained twenty-eight houses enclosed by a stockaded fort (T u.e, 1945). After fighting broke out between the Spanish and Indians, the settlement was abandoned in 1570. In 1743, a second mission was attempted when Father Joseph Maria Monaco and Joseph Xavier Alana left Cuba, and began a new settlement on the north bank of the Miami River. This attempt, which included the construction of a triangular wood fort, also failed. Alafia found the native populations severely reduced in number encompassing remnants from different tribes around south Florida. These tribal remnants migrated to Cuba when Spain ceded Florida to England in 1763 {Romans, 1962). The depopulated town of Tequesta was soon occupied by English and Bahamian adventurers who began to visit and exploit the resources of the South Florida coast. The Seminoles and Miccosukis did not arrive into southern Florida en masse until the Second Seminole War, although some north Florida tribes, such as the Alachua, may have had settlements in the area earlier in the 19th century. The Seminoles never occupied the mouth of the Miami River because of the presence of white settlers and the establishment of Ft. Dallas, which operated intermittently from 1836-1858. After the Civil War, Seminoles began to trade at the frontier Miami settlement, bringing alligator skins, pelts, and plumes to trade for food, cloth and guns. The Ewan store, located in the old Ft. Dallas site, and the Brickell store on the south bank of the site, became focal points for Seminole trade (Carr, 1981 c). No evidence of historic settlement on the project parcel prior to the twentieth century is known. See the "Land Use History" section for a discussion of a history of the project parcel. • • Land Use History The land use history of the Miami River Center project parcel and the area surrounding what is known as the Sportsman Park Subdivision in Miami, was researched using Hopkins (Hopkins Map Co.), Sanborn insurance maps (Sanborn Map Co.), Polk's City Directories of Miami, and The Miami River by Donald Gaby. In 1925, the property from NW 8th Avenue west to NW 12th Avenue along the south side of the Miami River, constituting the project parcel, was purchased by J.D. O'Brien at the peak of the land boom (Gaby, 1993). O'Brien wanted to build a large apartment and hotel building on the property, but it was not built because of the 1926 hurricane (Gaby, 1993). There was little activity on the project parcel through the mid-1940s. A 1947 map of the area depicts the area as Navy Park. It shows no building footprints within the parcel, but a Naval Receiving Station lay just to the west of it ((Figure 2; Hopkins Map Co., 1947). Northwest South River Drive passed through the project parcel in 1947, and no buildings or addresses appear in the city directories until 1957. However, one building appears on a 1950 map of the area, which is drawn and marked as a large municipal warehouse with an office attached (Sanborn Map Co., 1953). This building does not appear in the city directories during or after the publication date of the map (1953-54, Polk's Miami City Directory), nor does the building appear on a plat map printed three years later, which shows the property as vacant (Hopkins Map Co., 1953). It is questionable whether this building actually existed on this parcel in 1950, although if it did, it was not standing there for more than two years. No maps depicting the parcel post dating 1953 were available for research. However, the city directories for Miami indicate that commercial buildings were located on the project parcel in 1957. The Miami News Building was constructed on that lot during the same year. A float building business named Vaughn Parades Inc. was located on the property, as well as a building owned and used by the Miami News, which is still present today (1957, Polk's Miami City Directory). In 1964, two new address listings appear. One listing was a resident (who remained on record as living there for only one year), and the other was a maintenance shop for the city fire department (1964, Polk's Miami City Directory). In 1967, the Orange Bowl Committee had a warehouse storage building located at the same address as Vaughn Parades Inc. (1967, Polk's Miami City Directory). The Orange Bowl warehouse, the Vaughn Parades, and the City Fire Department maintenance buildings were the only listings that remained throughout the 1970s. At present, the Miami News building is the only structure located on the project parcel. • Figure 2. 1947 Hopkins map of the Miami River Center project parcel 11 0 100 200 feel k • • Methodology Research Design The objective of this assessment was to determine whether any prehistoric or historic artifacts, features, or sites occur on the project parcel, and if so, whether they would be impacted by development of the parcel. Prior to conducting 'fieldwork, archival documents, including Sanborn and Hopkins insurance maps, and previous archaeological investigations in the area were reviewed. Due to the proximity of the project parcel to the Miami River, it was determined that it had a medium to high potential for containing archaeological sites, and was noted as being within the Miami River Archaeological Conservation area. Fieldwork Because asphalt and concrete covers the entire parcel, it was deteiruined that subsurface testing would to be conducted using a mechanical auger. The mechanical auger used a six inch diameter bore mounted on the back of a truck. Test hole locations were selected after consultations with utility coordinators. Test holes were placed on a cardinal grid along the parcel. An additional line of test holes was aligned with the river bank, approximately 25 feet from the edge. Hole locations were placed at 50-foot increments (Figure 3). Holes were dug until bedrock or sterile sediments were encountered, but most holes were dug to a depth ranging from 7 feet to 10 feet. Stratigraphy for each of the holes was interpreted and recorded (Appendix 1). Any natural soil recovered was sifted through a 1/-inch screen. Some sediments were wet screened, ,as they were wet, riverine soils and could not be easily dry screened. Collections Collections were placed in plastic bags and marked with their provenience. The material was then brought to the AHC laboratory in Davie, FL, for cleaning, analysis, and conservation. Informants No informants were interviewed for this survey. • Figure 3. Map of the Miami River Center parcel showing auger holes. o Auger Hole • Positive Auger hole Auger Hole not drilled Fence Project Boundaries 0 lbik feet N V 13 • • • Figure 4. View east across the Miami River Center Parcel. Figure 5. Crew augering test hole # 18, looking north-northeast. 14 • • • Results and Management Plan A total of 18 auger holes was excavated at the Miami River Center parcel, but no archaeological materials were recovered from any of the holes. All holes revealed a similar stratigraphy, which consisted of up to five feet of fill ontop a tan or brown loam. This loamy horizon contained pieces of brick, tile, glass and other modem building material. Below this was a layer of dark brown to black peat, indicating that the parcel was wetland marsh before being filled. The peat layer is located at least four feet below the surface and extends to a depth of up to seven feet. Below the peat are horizons of natural sands, and beneath these is a marly soil atop the bedrock, which was usually at a depth of approximately 10 feet. The testing indicates that before development the northern part of the parcel was a wetlands, specifically a freshwater marsh. In general, wetlands have little potential for archaeological sites, although any wetlands adjacent to an upland archaeological site could have well preserved cultural material. Eight field specimens were collected. Two were geological samples of brown peat and of underlying grey sand, and the rest of the collections were twentieth century building materials. This construction debris probably dates to the construction of the current building (1957). The material was found at a depth of up to two feet below the surface under the first phase of asphalting of the parking lot. Management Plan All of the testing was conducted in the northern portion of the parcel within the existing parking lot. Not tested was the area south of where NW South RiverDrive once crossed the property (see figure 2). This area is now covered by the Miami News Building and landscape, and was not accessible for testing. It is probable that the original riverbank, and thus the highest probability part of the parcel is beneath these improvements. It is the consultant's opinion that the parcel can be developed as allowed by current zoning and permitting and that archaeological requirements will have little or no affect on the parcel's full development. It is unlikely that any significant archaeological features or sites currently exist on the parcel, however, some scattered isolated or redeposited artifacts might occur, and thus some intermittent archaeological monitoring should be conducted during the initial demolition and during any initial excavation activities at the parcel. 15 • References Cited Carr, Robert S. 1981a The Archaeological Survey, Dade County Historic Survey, Final Report. Office of Community and Economic Development, Historic Preservation Division, Miami, Florida. 1981b The Brickell Store and Seminole Indian Trade. The Florida Anthropologist 34(4):180-199. Carr, Robert S. and Mark S. Greene 1961 Excavations at the Brickell Site. Unpublished report on file at the Historical Museum of Southern Florida, Miami, Florida. Carr, Robert S. and John Ricisak 2000 Preliminary Report on Salvage Archaeological Investigations of the Brickell Point Site (8DA12), Including the Miami Circle. The Florida Anthropologist 53(4): 260-285. Carr, Robert S., Jeff Ransom, Mark Lance, and Alison Elgart-Berry 2001 A Due Diligence Archaeological Assessment of Brickell Park. AHC Technical Report #312, Miami, Florida. Douglass, Andrew E. 1885 Earth and Shell Mounds on the Atlantic Coast of Florida. American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal 7:140-147. Eck, Christopher 2000 A Picturesque Settlement: The Diary Notes of D. Jeffries Wymans Visit to Miami and the First Archaeological Excavations in South Florida, 1869. The Florida Anthropologist 53(4): 286-293. Gaby, D 1993 The Miami River and its Tributaries. Miami: Historical Association of Southern Florida. Goggin, John M. N.D. The Archeology of the Glades Area, Southern Florida. Unpublished manuscript on file at the P.K. Yonge Library, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Gifford, George E. 1978 Dear Jeffie: Being the letters from Jeffries Wyman, first director of the Peabody Museum. To his son, Jeffries Wyman, Jr. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. • • Haiduven, Richard G. 1999 A Phase T Archaeological Survey and Assessment of 1441 Brickell Avenue, Miami -Dade County, Florida. Unpublished report on file at the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy, Miami, FL. Hopkins, G.M. Co. 1947 Plat book of Greater Miami, Florida and Suburbs. Philadelphia. 1953 Plat book of Greater Miami, Florida and Suburbs. Philadelphia. 1947 Plat book of Greater Miami, Florida and Suburbs. Philadelphia. Laxson, Dan D. 1959 Three Salvaged Tequesta Sites in Dade County, Florida. The Florida Anthropologist 12(3):57-64. Miami -Dade County 1981 Historic Preservation Ordinance, Ord. No. 81-13, Miami -Dade County Code of Ordinances. Parsons, George W. Date unknown. Unpublished diary. Polk's Miami City Directory 1904-1973 Polk's Miami City Directory. Jacksonville: R.L. Polk & Co. Sanborn Map Company 1953 Insurance Maps of Miami, Fla. NY: Sanborn Map Co. • Appendix 1. Miami River Center Auger Hole Log measurements in feet and inches Auger hole #1 0-5' Crushed Limerock Fill 5'-6'2" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 612"-9'6" Tan Sand 9'6"-10' Tan Marl with limestone cobbles Water Table is 4'. Auger hole #2 0- 2'6" Crushed Limerock Fill 2'6"-3'4" Yellow marly fill 3'4"-6' Light Gray Sand } FS 8 6-6'8" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 6'8"-8'6" Grey Sand 8'6"-10' Tan Sand (znarly) Auger hole #3 0-4'6" Crushed Limerock Fill 4'6"-6' Solid Brick and Tile layer with Brown Sandy Loam } screened - FS 7 6'-7' Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 7'-9' Tan Sand 9'- Bedrock Auger hole #4 0- 6 in Crushed Limerock Fill 6" - 7" Black Loam } FS 6 7'"-5' Crushed Limerock Fill 5'-6'6" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat }a. 6'6"-7' Grey Sand } Screened 7'-10' Tan Sand with some Tan Marl with limestone cobbles Auger hole #5 0- 6" Crushed Limerock Fill 6"-1'6" Light Brown Loam with some gravel with brick and glass } screened, FS 5 116"-4' Crushed Limerock Fill 4'-5'6" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 5'6"-6'6" Grey Sand } 6'6"-8'8" Tan Sand } screened 8'8"-10' Tan Sand and Tan Marl with limestone cobbles Auger hole #6 0- 4'6" Crushed Limerock Fill 496"-7'3" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 713"-7' 10" Grey Sand } 18 • • 7' 10"-9' Tan Sand } screened 9'-10' Bedrock Auger hole #7 0- 5" Crushed Limerock Fill 5"-11" Light Brown Loam with some gravel 11 "-4' Crushed Limerock Fill 4'-6' Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 6'-10' washed away by water, suggesting it is bedrock Water Table is 3' } screened, Auger hole #8 0 - 7" Crushed Limerock Fill 7"-11" Light Brown Loam with some gravel but slightly more medium brown. Brick fragments noted, not collected. 11"-4' Crushed Limerock Fill 4'-6'± Brown to Black Fibrous Peat water washed away lower sediments, suggesting there is only bedrock. Water Table is 3'. Auger hole #9 0-5" Crushed Limerock Fill 5"-10" Light Brown Loam with some gravel - not screened, but parsed 10"-3'+ Crushed Limerock Fill At some point is switches to bedrock, no peat or sand evident. Water Table is 3'. Auger hole #10 0-7" Crushed Limerock Fill 7"-10" Light Brown Loam with some gravel - slightly more medium brown with some brick flecks. 10"-4'5" Crushed Limerock Fill 4'5"-5'5" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat Grey sandy clay with vegetative matter - variant of Grey Sand 7'-10' Bedrock Auger hole #11 (offset 10'south due to utilities) 0-1'6" Mixed Brown Sands/Loams and Fill soil - disturbed 1'6"-2' Reddish Brown Fill Sand 2'-2'10" Yellow Fill Sand 2'10"-6' Fine Tan Sand } screened 6'40' Brown Sand with some limestone gravel. Water Table is 3'10". Auger hole #12 0 — 6" Crushed Limerock Fill 19 • 6"_ I'9" Light Brown Loam with some gravel with brick and charcoal screened, FS 4 1'9"-5' Crushed Limerock Fill 5'-10' Brown to Black Fibrous Peat Water Table is 3'. Auger hole #13 0- 8" Crushed Limerock Fill 8"-1' Light Brown Loam with some gravel 1"-4'5" Crushed Limerock Fill 415"-7' Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 7'-10' Tan Marl with limestone cobbles Water Table is 3'. Auger hole #14 0- 8" Crushed Limerock Fill 8"-1' Light Brown Loam with some gravel - not screened I'-4' Crushed Limerock Fill 4'-5'8" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 5'8"-10' Tan Sand and Tan Marl with limestone cobbles Water Table is 3'. Auger hole #15 0- 4' Crushed Limerock Fill 4'-6'9" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 6'9"-7' Grey Sand 7'-10' Tan Sand and Tan Marl with limestone cobbles ) screened Auger hole #16 0- 4'7" Crushed Limerock Fill 4'7"-6'6" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 6'6"-T Grey Sand } 7'-10' Tan Sand and Tan Marl with limestone cobbles } screened Water Table is 3' Auger hole #17 0- 5' Crushed Limerock Fill 5'-6'3" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat 6'3"-7'1" Grey Sand } 7'1 "-10' Tan Sand and Tan Marl with limestone cobbles } screened Water Table is 3'. Auger hole #18 0- 5' Crushed Limerock Fill } FS 3 5'-6'3" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat } FS 1 6'3 "-7' 1 " Grey Sand } FS 2 20 } • • 7'1"-8'11"' Tan Sand }screened 8' 11 "-10' Tan Marl with limestone cobbles Water Table is 3'. Auger holes #19-25 Not done. Auger hole #26 0- 6" Crushed Limerock Fill 6"-6' 10" Crushed Limerock Fill and Light Brown Loam with some gravel - brick fragments 6'10"-7'2" Brown to Black Fibrous Peat } 7'2"-7"10"' Grey Sand }screened 7'10"-9' Tan Sand 9'-10' Tan Marl with limestone cobbles Water Table is 3'6". • • Appendix 2. Miami River Center Field Specimen Log FS number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Provenience Hole #18 Hole #18 Hole #18 Hole #12 Hole #5 Hole #4 Hole #3 Hole #2 Description Soil Sample of Brown Peat Soil Sample of Grey Sand Brick Fragments Wood, Brick, and Tile Glass, Brick Tile, Brick, Coal? Brick, Tile Glass 22 Collector VL/ML VL/ML VL/ML VL/ML VL/ML VL/ML VL/ML VL/ML • Appendix 3. Residents of Sportsman Park Subdivision on the Miami River Date of Directory 1924 1957 1964 1967 Address Resident/ Occupation Resident/ Occupation Resident/ Occupation Resident/ Occupation 1100 NW South River Drive unlisted Vaughn Parades Inc., owned by Woodrow & Adeline Westberry Vaughn Parades Inc., owned by Woodrow & Adeline Westberry Vaughn Parades Inc., owned by Woodrow & Adeline Westberry & Orange Bowl Committee Warehouse 1120 NW South River Drive unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted 708 NW 11Ave unlisted 800 NW 11th Ave unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted 801 NW 11th Ave unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted 802 NW 11th Ave unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted 808 NW 11-th Ave unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted 810 NW 11th Ave unlisted unlisted unlisted unlisted 1131 NW South River Drive unlisted Miami News building/ owner Frank D. Akin unlisted unlisted 1107 NW 7 1 Street unlisted unlisted Chester Hart/ manager at Fuller Products unlisted 1151 NW 7' Street unlisted unlisted City Fire Dept. maintenance shop City Fire Dept. maintenance shop 23