HomeMy WebLinkAboutSubmittal Economic Impacts on Historic Preservation2007-2008 OFFICERS
PRESIDENT
Judith Pruitt
FIRST VICE PRESIDENT
Walter Alvarez
SECOND VICE PRESIDENT
Jose Goyanes
TREASURER
Hugh Ryan
SECRETARY
Amy Furness
AT LARGE
Bertram J. "Chico"
Goldsmith
Enid C. Pinkney
PAST PRESIDENT
Richard Heisenbottle
TRUSTEES
Betty S. Brody
Lisa Chaffin
Ann Marie Clyatt
Joseph Fitzgerald
Jason Gross
Jorge L. Hernandez
Michael Kashtan
Francena Koch
Bruce Matheson
Rafael Penalver
Kevin Reilly
Tadd Schwartz
W. Robert Smith
Lourdes Solera
Amy Sussman
Olga Vieira
Lilian A. Walby
Mary Young
ADVISORS
Michael Beeman
Gay Bondurant
Gary Held
Adolfo Henriques
Ruth Jacobs
Sallye Jude
Penny Lambeth
Nancy Liebman
Dolly Maclntyre
Thomas J. Matkov
William Murphy
George Neary
Leslie Pantin
Arva Moore Parks
Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk
Jeanette Poole
Norah Schaefer
Don Slesnick
Herb Sosa
Ellen Uguccioni
DAD E
II ERITA�_
n1:_°
TRUST
June 26, 2007
TO: City of Miami Commissioners
1 S 71
N" u T'HF
=UBLIC RECORD FOR
ITEM P2A6�
Dade Heritage Trust, Miami's largest nonprofit historic preservation
organization, supports the City of Miami's efforts to develop Miami 21 as
a long-range, comprehensive, and more just plan for growth.
As explained to our Board of Trustees, Miami 21's provisions, especially
relating to Transfer of Development Rights, will encourage historic
preservation efforts and the protection of historic sites and neighborhoods,
goals which Dade Heritage Trust heartily embraces.
Dade Heritage Trust supports Miami 21 as a concept and urges your
enactment of provisions that will encourage property owners to preserve
and restore, rather than demolish, historic buildings. We believe that
renovating, rather than destroying, older buildings preserves a sense of
history and place, conserves environmental resources and enriches the
texture of our community, making Miami a more varied and interesting
place to live.
Thank you very much for your efforts to enhance Miami's quality of life
through controlled growth and historic preservation efforts.
Sincerely,
Becky Roper Matkov
Chief Executive Officer
�—N
Ju y Pruitt c
President
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Becky Roper Matkov
190 S.E. 12'" Terrace, Miami, FL 33131 •Phone (305) 358-9572 /Fax (305) 358-1162
E-mail: info@dadeheritagetrust.org • www.dadeheritagetrust.org
f
• Io�a
CENTER FOR GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY 0 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LEVIN COLLEGE OF LAW 0 CENTER FOR URBAN POLICY RESEARCH ■ RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
d_QC2
Florida is built on a rich history of diverse peoples who lived here before us. Even though Florida did not
become a state until 1845, evidence of early peoples' lives and work on this peninsula dates back 12,000
years. Today the nation's fourth most populous state is defined and distinguished by what we know and
what we continue to learn about our predecessors—Native Americans, Spaniards, the French and British
and African Americans who built the unique Florida we now cherish.
Florida's. historic preservation efforts, 6nSt ypoo four .decades of programs .defined,.b ..the National
Historic PrOserval1W Act,, am d'10 i €MUM.` In 2001,
the Fl xi& Department of State. Division ofJOIN" fi rurces kriliated this study, Ec<ur a' npac s of
ifisto+ir' Ptijeserrapon; ht Ff ii : lA ,fig assHtance ***... _ . _ e ' States
Department of the Interior, this study examines the direct economic benefits and concludes that this
inv „may to investment of public funding
estm a yields arve� $4 bion , a bent y aitr e P g
for Wakwk presergraition work Our statei4illtiniod sttiR ds a puliftiprivate partnership between the
UniversI :of FloddaWCeedar for CkwpownimW Responsibiil qnd Levin College of Law, the Center for
Urban Pitdiey Research at Rutgers Lkdwrft mod the Floi r, Historic Preservation, and relied on
VISIT F1LORIDA survey infornr&*m.;
Our sir arrived at, time figures by quarrtilying the effect of program a ponents' :ski as federal
income fax audit incentives, Florida jobs;, incomes aro property values, grid d1re4;t.P fWft wevenues.
Generated revenues are deftud by a Variety of projestM€ fe , mon, ed uif~ams for
sdhooklandren, private investment In -Vain Stnset businesses, briob,1010i mortal '16d Wdt*# *urism.
The Ecorrarnic impact of F(frskwk Preserxr Don in Florida ate± reveals the t:For every
dollar generated in Florida's .hiideeric pion grads, two d�W m rah the in direct
revenues. A dollar directed to the Fitwida Main-9bust program�,,r deled after*,94WatIor4ftan Street
design, shows a tenfold raft".
Since 1977, the 20% federal Income tax creft for certified rehabilitation of historic bGIW. gs have
returned nearly 5332rnillioe to inwskorsz Flbrids conomrdE es such es the kitarnatlonalfy-acclaimed
Miami Beach Art Deco district, Key West, Pensacola, St. Augustine and Orlando are just a few that
have benefited.
The Economic Impacts of Historic Preservation in Florida provides striking evidence that Florida's invest-
ment in the preservation and protection of historic places and the legacy of the cultures that created it,
are paying huge dividends.
FC0110mic Impacts
of Historic Preservation in Florida
o 0-
+ Ccl(Tr It'lm
I
UNIVERSITY OF
FLORIDA
Fredric G. Levin College of Law
www.law.ufl.edu/cgr/pdf/historicjeport.pdf
SEPTEMBER 2003
CHAPTER 1 PAGE 5
® The Economic Impacts
CHAPTER 2 PAGE 9
Economic Impacts of
Florida Historic Rehabilitation
CHAPTER 3 PAGE 13
® Economic Impacts of
Florida Heritage Tourism
CHAPTER 4 PAGE 17
® Economic Impacts of
Florida Main Street Program
CHAPTER 5 PAGE 21
® Economic Impacts of
Florida Historical Museums, Parks &t; Sites
CHAPTER 6 PAGE 25
® Economic Impacts of
Florida Historical Resources Grants -In -Aid Program
and Rehabilitation Tax Incentives
CHAPTER 7 PAGE 29
■ Economic Impacts of
Florida Historic Districts on Property Values
CHAPTER 8 PAGE 33
Acknowledgements
R"q Photos: (cov*r) Old Capitol, Tallahassee; (dodgy* from tot, left)
1W Colony Hotel, Delray Beach; Osceola County Courthouse,
Kissimmee; Restoration of Custom House, Key West;
historic residence, Tampa
DA
n HERITAGE
RUTGERs.r--------------- �
OF
!I
www.flheritage.com
"The most important part of an historic district? It gives pride of ownership
to the people liming in ahem."
— Loretta Sharp, Realtor Lake Worth
"We don't market historic [character]. We market charm and quaintness.
We don't have to say it. It's part of €t."
—Craig Willis, Executive Director of the Mount Dora Area Chamber of Commerce
"Between five and nine years ago, there was a problem with lending [for
historic renovations], but not now. Whatever you get here [in a historic
district] you can go somewhere else in the city and get forty percent more
house for the same price. Values [in historic districts] have Increased."
--Jeffery M. Wolf, Developer, saint Petersburg
"If you just give a little eye to detail, to historic preservation, you'lil get
more money for it."
— John Jones, Real Estate Consultant, Tampa
"The value of the property [in Ybor City] has increased so much in the last
five years, like 150 percent."
—Maricela Mtedrano de Fakhri, Urban Planner, Ybor City Development Corporation
"The whole city is founded on tourism, and the tourism base is historic
preservation."
r-DAVW D.• Sirdit, Senior Planiw. City of St. Augustine
The Economic Imp acts
Throughout its history the state of Florida has attracted
would-be and future residents with seductive visions of great
climates, beautiful vistas, andyear-round playgrounds. The end
result of that lure and its accompanying dreams has been
unprecedented growth for Florida, placing ever greater demands
on the states housing and infrastructure, as well as on its tax base.
hile the state has
rewarded the new-
comers with much
that is new, Florida
also is among the
most ancient of American states,
with well over four centuries of his-
toric settlement laid on the archaeo-
logical remains from millennia of
prehistoric settlement. This study
examines the value of
retaining and maintaining —� •
historic properties and
sites amidst the pressures `
of new development.
This study, The
Economic Impacts of
Historic preservation in
Florida, is the first of its
kind in Florida. a
Commissioned by the
Florida Department of
State, Division of
Historical Resources and
the Historic Preservation
Advisory Council (now JdCksonville
known as the Florida Historical
Commission), the study is intended
as a statewide analysis of historic
preservation activity in Florida. The
study examines direct and multipli-
er effects from investment in historic
preservation throughout the state in
such activities as historic rehabilita-
tion of all types of properties, her-
itage tourism, Main Street invest-
ment, grants programs, tax credits
and museum operations.
The final numbers reflect
statewide findings and do not
examine individual
communities, with the
notable exception of
the property values
analysis. However, as
indicated in the numer-
ous charts of Florida
community involve-
ment in various preser-
vation programs, the
I
report includes input
from every region of the
state and its cities,
towns, and villages. In
each chapter of this
Executive Summary,
individual communities are fea-
tured. These communities were
selected at random, and their sto-
ries are intended to demonstrate
how these many programs have
been implemented in creative ways
throughout the State of Florida.
GENERAL FINDINGS
While the numbers found in this
report are admittedly conservative,
several conclusions can be made
about the final results, including:
✓ Historic preservation creates jobs
In Florida.
More than 123,000 jobs were
generated in Florida from historic
Preservation activities during 2000.
The major areas of job creation
include the manufacturing sector,
retail trade sector, services sector,
and construction sector.
✓ Historic preservation makes a
substantial contribution to tax
collections for Florida state and
local governments.
More than $657 million in state and
local taxes were generated from
spending on historic preservation
activities during 2000.
✓ Visitors to Florida spend billions of
dollars while visi ft historic sites.
More than $3.7 billion was spent in
Florida by tourists who visited his-
toric sites. The tourists are lured by
Floridan historic sites, historic muse-
ums, state parks, and archeological
sites. There are more than 1,400
Florida listings in the National
Register of Historic Places and more
than 135,000 historic structures and
archeological sites in the Florida
Master Site File of historic sites.
ECONOMIC RYIPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 5
Florida Historic Sites
I a l l a kassee
Gainesville
10
..z
T`- —
S,. Pelers6urg
10
The 135,000 archaeological sites and historic structures
on the Florida easter Site File are wide distrihuted
throughout all parts of the state. These sites reflect the
unique environment and histol of the Sunshine State,
MAa0
i R R
W"
4 7- f�
lvpmllq
LIV2 A
- Lu l(tiL )Idle
01-lanJo
Delray Be.h
b ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
✓ Public funds invested in historic
preservation grants are matched many
times over with private funds in local
rehabilitation projects.
Since 1983, state historic
have been awarded to projects in every Florida
county, representing 2,751 projects and a s;
investment of $212.1 million, which
Secretary of State's office estimates is more than
doubled by leveraged public and private funds
in these local communities.
✓ The Main Street Program creates a greater
sense of place in Florida communities.
Since the Main Street Program began in Florida
in 1985, eighty Florida communities have
leveraged a state investment of $4 million into
partnerships between private investors and
local governments. This investment became a
total public/private investment in these com-
munities of $486.5 million (as reported by May,
2002) designated to improve the downtowns of
these communities.
✓ Historic preservation helps to maintain
property values in Florida.
In an examination of the assessed va"
mainly residential property in eighteen historic
districts and twenty-five comparable non -his-
toric districts throughout Florida, there was no
case where historic district designation
depressed the property values. In fact in at least
fifteen cases, property in historic districts
appreciated greater than comparable, targeted
non -historic districts.
The conclusions cited above are the result
of extensive analysis of data from various pub-
lic and private entities involved in historic
preservation activities throughout Florida. In
collecting data for this project, the research
team reviewed information available through
the Bureau of Historic Preservation, including
grant reports, federal rehabilitation tax credit
data, and Main Street project reports; surveyed
local officials regarding rehabilitation activities;
and conducted site visits of historic districts
and sites in cities throuf'
The following chapters will detail how each
category of historic preservation activity gener-
ates jobs and gross state product in Florida.
West aim each
SUMMARY OF BENEFITS
Historic preservation activities in Florida impact the state some
$4.2 billion annually. These impacts can be seen in job creation, income gener-
ated, increased gross state product, increased state and local tax collections, and
increased in-state wealth.
For every category of historic preservation activity, the amount of econom-
ic benefit to the state of Florida is substantial, as indicated below:
Direct Economic Benefit:
SPENDING
Heritage Tourism $3.7218
Historic Rehabilitation $35oM
Net Historical Museum Operations $58M
Net Main Street Program Activity $64M
Net Historkai Net Main Strut
Museum Operations Program Aeti ft
Total Impacts of Historic Preservation In Florida...
$4.2 hilHon annually
Florida Benefits of the $4.2 billion Direct Annual Investment, Based on
IMultipliars:
is
ilitation
Tourism
.lobs
123,242
Income
$2.766 billion
Gross state product
$5.266 billion
Total Taxes
$1.254 billion in taxes
!hate & local taxes
$657 million
In-state wealth
$4.672 billion
Jobs and Income In Florida Supported by Historic Preservation:
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 7
JOBS
INCOME
Services Sector
33,621
$751 million
(Retail Trade
5.5,002
$796 million
Construction Sector
3,893
$174 million
Manufacturing Sector
9,627
$322 million
Other Sectors
21,099
$723 million
raw
123,242
$2.766 billion
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 7
w}
!7 'h` .
ti -ft titii
r
r
4111
1 11'sfor1*0 Rehabilitation
Local. state, and federal governments and private lending
institutions throughout Florida are forming partner
lships to invest
in the redevelopment of commercial and residential historic
Properties and districts. creative financing plans feature combinations
of loans, grants. tax credits, and investments of public and private fund,
he result of this is rehabili-
tation of older structures
allowing for their contin-
ued contribution to our
communities. This rehabili-
tation may be as simple as restoring a
decayed older house in one of Florida's
many residential historic districts, or
as extensive as the adaptive reuse proj-
ects that have transformed old indus-
trial buildings in Tampa's Ybor City to
make a vibrant and exciting commer-
cial and entertainment district.
Like other forms of construc-
tion activity, rehabilitation itself has
an economic effect. State officials
estimate that sixty to seventy per-
cent of the cost of the typical his-
toric rehabilitation project in
Florida is expended on labor, and
that usually benefits local laborers.
FINDINGS: Economic Impacts of
Florida Historic Rehabilitation
In examining the economic
impacts of rehabilitation of historic
properties in Florida, researchers
defined rehabilitation as all con-
struction work that the Census
identifies as "alterations." Not
included are minor repairs or struc-
tures added to buildings. "Historic"
is defined as property that is:
1. Designated as a national or local
landmark; or
2. Is located in a national or local
historic register district; or
3. Might be eligible for historic designa-
tion because of age or other factors.
More detailed methodology is dis-
cussed in the technical report
of the study.
The findings of the study are:
® Historic properties accounted
for about 6.5 percent of rehabilita-
tion of existing residential
and non-residential buildings in
Florida in 2000. 1.' •-T`'
M That 6.5 percent of're�tabilltat on
activity on historic properties repre-
sents an estimated $350 million in
spending.
M The total economic impact on
the state of Florida of the estimate
$350 million in spending includes:
• 10,443 jobs
• $317 million in income
• $496 million in gross state product
+ $111 million in taxes (including
$50 million in state & local taxes)
• $446 million in in-state wealth
ECONOW INWACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 9
3000 [_ ,lobs Created by Florida Rehabilitation
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
10
® The 10,443 in-state jobs generated
from historic building rehabilitation
include jobs from the following
categories:
• Construction 2,666 jobs
• Services 2,107 jobs
• Retail Industries 1,700 jobs
SPRINGFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT,
JACKSONVILLE
Local communities are develop-
ing creative ideas about funding the
rehabilitation of historic homes, many
in districts located near the urban core
of the city. The City of Jacksonville';
Springfield community, located just
blocks from downtown, is considered
the city's first downtown neighbor-
hood, and during the silent film era,
was an eastern version of Hollywood!
Historic Springfield is a nationally and
locally designated historic district 2 In
1998, with leadership from the
neighborhood and from Jacksonville
Mayor John A. Delaney, the Historic
Springfield Initiative began "as a pro -
1831
Forest, Fish & Mining 200
1831
Construction 2666
Manufacturing 1654
Transport 477
Wholesale 423
Retail 1700
Finance, Insur. & Real Estate 1168
Services 2107
Government 47
gressive plan to provide much
needed infrastructure improve-
ments, home ownership incentives
and assistance, and resources for
community development,"accord-
ing to the Mayor.'
In 1998 the City sponsored
the auction of twenty-three
homes in the Springfield district.
Prior to the auction, lending
institutions were reluctant to
invest in the neighborhood. Since
the auction, the city has devel-
oped a consortium of five banks
that make loans for housing in
the neighborhood, supplemented
by public funding programs for
homeowners who qualify and by
assistance from community-
based non-profit organizations'
Since the auction and the invest-
ment work on properties in
Springfield, property values have
doubled, according to city staff.'
Springfields redevelopment is
a long-term project for the city,
with concentration of activity
occurring by quadrant, due to the
size of the district. The city's
Neighborhoods Department con-
ducts monthly meetings to review
city services and needs in
Springfield, and, ultimately, resi-
dents hope for development of a
town center near their homes.
The City of Jacksonville
has received numerous awards
for its innovative programs
in Historic Springfield. The
awards include selection by the
National Community Development
Association for an Audrey
Nelson Community Development
Achievement Award for use of
Community Development Block
Grant funds in Springfield. The
city was also recognized by
Freddie Mace in 2000 as the eighth
Alliance Community in the U.S.
and the first in the Southeast, for
expanding mortgage credit oppor-
tunities for homeowners,
1. For additional information, see RICHARD ALAN NELSON, LIGHTSI CAMERA! FLORIDA!:
NINETY YEARS OF MOVIEMAKING AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION IN THE SUNSHINE STATE
(Tampa: Florida Endowment for the Humanities, 1987).
2. For more information about Historic Springfield, see WAYNE W. WOOD, JACKSONVILLE'S
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: LANDMARKS FOR THE FUTURE. JACKSONVILLE'S HISTORIC LANDMARKS
COMMISSION (1989).
3. "Historic Springfield Initiative." Brochure published by the Planning and
Development Department, Jacksonville, Florida.
4. Interview with Carole A. Burchette, Program Manager, Housing Services Division,
Planning and Development Department, City of Jacksonville (Mar. 28, 2002).
5. Id.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
i
FLORIDA'S CERTIFIED
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS*
Auburndale
Miami
Clay County
Miami Beach
Collier County
Miami -Dade County
Coral Gables
M'icanopy
DeLand
Monroe County
Delray Beach
Mount Dora
Eatonville
New Smyrna Beach
Eustis
Ocala
Fernandina Beach
Orlando
Fort Myers
Palm Beach
Fort Pierce
Palm Beach County
Gainesville
Plant City
Gulfport
Pompano Beach
Highlands County
Quincy
Hillsborough County
Sanford
Hollywood
Sarasota
Homestead
Sarasota County
Jacksonville
St. Augustine
Jupiter
St. Petersburg
Key West
Tallahassee/Leon
Kissimmee
County
Lake Park
Tampa
Lake Worth
Tarpon Springs
Lakeland
Welaka
Lee County
West Palm Beach
Leesburg
Windermere
* The Certified Local Government (CLG) Program is administered
jointly by the states and the National
Par Service. CLG's have emb-
Ilshed historic preservation programs, meeting federal and state
requirements, which entitle them to certain grants and technical
assistance. 36 C.F.R. pt. 61
Florida Income Generated
by Historic Rehabilitation
Transport
Agriculture, Forest,
Fish & Mining
Finance, Insurance,
Real Estate
Wholesale
Construction $94.57M
Services $61.03M
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate S38;36M
Manufacturing $55.74M
Retail $26.19M
Transport $17.35M
Wholesale $17.1M
® Agriculture, Forest, Fish & Mining S4.84M
Government 51.63M
11
r
PF-
� .,
Heritage Tourism
Tourism is a vital component of Florida's economy as one of the
states top three revenue producers. Heritage tourism, one of the
top reasons for pleasure travel, has become inoreasinssy
important tooth for travelers and to the communities they visit
and offers significant benefits to the eommuniy Heritage
tourism can offset the costs of maintaining historic sites, help
stimulate preservation efforts, and perpetuate the sense of place
that lends communities their unique character and identiy
lorida had 71.5 million vis-
itors during 2000. Some
89 percent of those visitors
were from the United
States; 8 percent from
overseas countries; and 3 percent
from Canada. Domestic visitors iden-
tify vacationing as their primary rea-
son for coming to Florida, followed
by visits to friends and relatives and
business trips.
Florida is home to hundreds of
opportunities to host tourists who
are interested in historic sites.
From the abundance of historic
hotels in places like Miami Beach or
St. Petersburg to such seasoned and
historic attractions as Silver
Springs, Parrot Jungle, Cypress
Gardens, Marineland and Sunken
Gardens, diverse sites attract thou-
sands of annual visitors. In a survey
released in March, 2002, Visit
Florida found that six in ten
respondents to their survey (61%)
participated in some history -based
activities while vacationing in
Florida in the past year. These
activities included visits to histori-
cal museums or memorials,
old homes, historic villages, Native
American sites, military sites, parks
or other historically important
sites. In 1997 Visit Florida's Florida
Visitor Study listed three historic
sites among the top ten attractions
for air visitors — Kennedy Space
Center Visitor Complex, Ernest
Hemingway House, and St.
Augustine Historic District. The
same survey found five historic
sites and museums among the top
ten major attractions of auto visi-
tors surveyed — Kennedy Space
Center, St. Augustine Historic
District, Cypress Gardens, National
Museum of Naval Aviation, and
Silver Springs.' More than one-half
of Florida's museums are historical,
representing more than 9.7 million
visitors last year, according to the
Florida Association of Museums.
FINDINGS: Economic Impacts of
Florida Heritage Tourism
No detailed statewide analysis
has yet been conducted, focusing
on the travel and spending patterns
of heritage tourists in Florida.
However, findings of this study
relating to heritage tourists who
listed historic visits as a major rea-
son for travel to the state
still yielded substantial informa-
tion about heritage tourism,
including:
® An estimated $3.721 billion
in expenditures in Florida was gen-
erated by heritage tourism in 2000.
® In Florida, that $3.721 billion
means:
• 107,607 jobs
• $2.314 billion in income
• $4.552 billion in gross state
product
• $1.093 billion in taxes (including
• $583 million in state and local taxes)
• $4.042 billion in in-state wealth
creation
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN PIORIPA 13
Mount Dora
ST. AUGUSTINE
St. Augustine epitomizes her-
itage tourism in Florida. The city's
13,000 residents and 14.4 square
miles host 3.5 million tourists annu-
ally.' The tourists relive the history of
the nation's oldest continuously occu-
pied city, strolling along St. George
Street, peering from atop the fortress
of Castillo de San Marcos, or driving
across the Bridge of the Lions. The
charms of St. Augustine even lured
one of the most famous Floridians,
Henry Flagler, who was so impressed
that he built the Hotel Ponce de Leon
and the .Alcazar Hotel and purchased
the Hotel Cordova' Flagler also plat-
ted the Model Land Company district
for his employees of the Florida East
Coast Railroad, and that area remains
today as one of St. Augustine's resi-
dential historic districts.
Heritage tourism is the industry
of St. Augustine. "The whole city is
funded on tourism, and the tourism
base is historic preservation,"
observed David D. Birchim, Senior
Planner for the City of St. Augustine.'
The Economic Development Council
of the St. Augustine and St. Johns
County Chamber of Commerce esti-
mates that tourism county -wide
brought in $490 million in 2000.'
KEY WEST & PENSACOLA
Old Town, .in Key West, is a
190 -block area that contains 2,580
structures .6 Heritage tourism has
been a mainstay for Key West and
Pensacola. Key West's Old Town and
Hemingway House and Pensacola's
Seville Historic District have attract-
ed tourists for decades.
MOUNT DORA
In recent years heritage tourists
are making their own Florida discov-
eries. Historic Mount Dora in Central
Florida' is a charming mix of com-
mercial and residential properties.
The 9,800 residents of the city host an
estimated one million visitors annual-
ly, largely through a calendar filled
with festivals built around the down-
town historic shopping district.-
"Events
istricte"Events put us on the map.
People come for the charm," said
Craig Willis, Executive Director of
the Mount Dora Area Chamber of
Commerce. About one-half of
Mount Dora's annual visitors come
for a festival. "Our topography has a
lot to do with it. The hills, oak trees,
overlooking a lake. The historic
character and quaintness ... We don't
market historic. We market charm
and quaintness. We don't have to say
it. Its part of it."
The festivals are the biggest
business in Mount Dora, and Willis
said urban sprawl is the biggest
threat. "If we sit back, Orlando's
going to be knocking down the front
Primary' ',Activities of Domestic Visitors to Florida, 2000'
ACTIVITY
TOTAL
AIR VISITORS
AUTO VISITORS
Beaches
32.4%
30.8%
36.9%
Shopping
32.4%
34.8%
30.6%
Theme/Amusoment Park
26.5%
30.5%
22.8%
Nightlife/Dancing
12.0%
13.2%
9.6%
Outdoor (Hunt, Fish, Hike)
10.7%
10.2%
11.6%
Historical Places/Museums
9.1%
8.9%
9.4%
Golf/Tennis
6.3%
6.6%
6.5%
Culturat' Events/Festivals
6.3%
6.4%
5.6%
Nationaitate Park
5.1%
5.1%
5.3%
Sports Event
4.4%
4.5%
4.8%
Gambling
2.0%
1.7%
2.4%
Other
3.2%
3.1%
3.1%
* 1hwel In softy Assodation, TravelScope Data as dted in Florida Visitors Sh*- 2000.
14 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
door. That's why the preservation
ordinance was passed a few years
ago by 80 percent. The downtown
village is our main draw. You've got
to keep your character. If we lose it,
its over," Willis said.
YBOR CITY
In Tampa, a resurgent Ybor City
Historic District is drawing a new
breed of heritage tourists. The corn -
1. VISIT FLORIDA, FLORIDA VISITOR STUDY/1997,
9, 20 (1998).
2. Interview with David D. Birchim, Senior
Planner, City of St. -Augustine, Florida
(Mar. 28, 2002).
3. "Historic St. Augustine," • St. Augustine &
St. Johns County Chamber of Commerce
Visitor Information, available at hUp lLlepoLw,
stauaustinechamb9r.com/visitor/
visitor8.html. (last visited Mar. 29, 2002).
4. Birchim interview, supra note 2.
5. "Tourism Industry Profile..." Economic
Development of St. Augustine & St. Johns
County Chamber of Commerce, available at
http://`www.staugustinechamber.com/
edcfcommunity/tourism.htmi. (last visited
Mar. 29, 2002).
munity is a mix of thirty percent com-
mercial buildings and seventy percent
residential property.' It is now a fash-
ionable entertainment district, redis-
covering its potential as a tourist
attraction in the wake of massive
destruction after the promises of
urban renewal. The City of Tampa is
investing in the former immigrant
community that is emerging as a lure
for Florida's international visitors.1 '
6. "Key West Facts," available at bnp://www.
keyw&gcity.com/city/welcomeLdtyhistorylcit
hlggry htd (last visited Jan.15, 2002).
7. For more information on Mount Dora and
other picturesque Florida small cities, see, e.g.,
BRUCE HUNT, VISITING SMALL-TOWN FLORIDA,
(Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc.,1997).
8. Interview with Craig Willis, Executive Director,
Mount Dora Area Chamber of Commerce
(Feb. 15, 2002).
9. Interview with Maricela Medrano de Fakhri,
Urban Planner, Ybor City Development
Corporation (Feb. 20, 2002).
10. Interview with Del Acosta, Administrator,
Historic Preservation, City of Tampa
(Feb. 20, 2002).
Fii
In!
Re
Florida Jobs Generated
by Heritage Tourism
Construction
Agric., Forest, Fish,
Government
Manufacturing
Transport
ervicas Wholesale
Retail 51,794
Services 30;068
finance, Instlr. & Real Estate 9,903
Manufacturing: 7,365
Transport 3,445
Wholesale 3,221
Agric., Forest, Fish & Mining 964
Construction 558
Government 490
Heritage Tourism Study: St. Johns Count
onhe St. Johns County Tourist Development Council (TDC) commissioned the University of Florida's
Center for Tourism Research and Development within the Department of Recreation, Parks and
Tourism in 2001 to conduct a study of the impact of tourism on St. Johns County and St. Augustine,
Ponte Vedra and The Beaches. The study, coordinated by Drs. John Confer, Lori Pennington -Gray, Brijesh Thapa
and Stephen Holland, was supported by the Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources; the
National Trust for Historic Preservation; and the City of St. Augustine.
Specifically, the study will seek to address the following areas:
1. The size, relative to all St. Johns County visitors, of the heritage traveler segment, including
excursionists.
2. Key factors in the heritage travelers' decision to visit St. Johns County, including the role of histori
in selecting St. Jahns County as a vacation destination.
3. Key activities that heritage travelers to St. Johns County participated in while visiting.
4. The economic impact generated by the heritage traveler segment on the St. Johns County econ
expenditure patterns while visiting, the average length of stay, and lodging, shopping, and dining choices.
J
ECONOMIC 01PAC13 OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 15
01
P
44 ..
inkI , r
)VA
t l
flit Ib"Phi,
Main sfreet Pr
ogram
Downtown revitalization is an important economic component of
historic preservation, and Florida communities of every size
have restored their main streets and rediscovered their sense
Of Place. Diverse investment programs. throu8h levera8in8 of
and
private funds. are redesigni% the way Floridians
thinly about and use their downtowns.
lorida's Main Street
program, a technical
assistance program for
communities of 5,000-
50,000 in population,
though the program may be tailored
to smaller communities and pocket
historic commercial areas of larger
cities, has invested $4 million in
state grant funds to eighty partici-
pating communities, yielding a total
public/private investment of $486.5
million since the program began in
1985.' The investment also resulted
in 1,816 new businesses and more
than 7,000 jobs.I
FINDINGS: Economic Impacts of
Florida Main Street Program
-1 FIor das Main S1reet program
represents a net investment of $64
million in construction plus retail
job benefits in FY2000-2001.
® Estimated average new full-time
jobs created by this investment is
850 in Florida in FY2000-2001.
M The overall economic impact in
Florida of the $64 million direct
investment is:
• 3,202 jobs
• $81 million in income
• $132 million in gross state product
• $31 million in taxes
(federal, state and local)
• $116 million in in-state wealth
® The largest number of in-state
Florida jobs fostered by Main Street
investment is in the retail sector,
® Other large sectors of Florida jobs
benefitting from Main Street invest-
ment are construction, services, and
manufacturing.
KISSIMMEE
Local officials in
Kissimmee are working to
restore a community histo-
ry steeped in Florida's
ranching and cowboy her-
itage. Kissimmee joined
Florida Main Street in
1997 in an effort at downtown revital-
ization, and completed a $2.3 million
streetscape project that contributed to
the beautification of downtown.' City
officials are using a Community
Develop Block Grant program
to extend the renovation to
building facades. They have designed
the city's entry gate and logo to reflect
the cowboy heritage. The city has just
hired its first historic preservation
official in an effort to continue the
restoration efforts.
AUBURNDALE
Auburndale became a Main
Street community in 1992 and
merged its Main Street efforts with
the Auburndale Chamber of
Commerce in 1997, becoming the
first such merger in Florida.'
Downtown Auburndale received
another boost through a grant from
the Florida Department of State to
reconstruct the old train station,
which was dedicated in 2002 and
serves as a museum and tennis cen-
ter for the city.'
DELAND
Established in 1985 as one of
Florida's first Main Street programs,
DeLand's initiative remains alive
today. The Main Street program in
DeLand has generated $55
million in public construc-
tion and is credited with
increasing occupancy rates
from forty to ninety-eight
percent. Other benefits the
city has seen as a result
of being a Florida Main
street community mode
increased sales tax revenue
from new businesses; increased inter-
est in historic Dreservation: and store
front renovations aided by local
matching grants.'
Main Street
PANAMA CITY
Panama City Main Street is a
program of the Panama City
Downtown Improvement Board,
Community Redevelopment Agency.
In the past year, more than $12.4
million has been invested in the
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 17
■
Delray lieao6
community, and more than eighty-
three new jobs have been created.
The occupancy rate for commercial
space along the main business corri-
dor has risen from 82% to 95% with
34 businesses starting or relocating
into the District. With the assistance
of Florida Main Street, district mer-
chants have received retail consulta-
tion and promotions have begun
such as the "Celebrate Downtown
Festival of Nations" and the "We're
Diggin' Downtown" streetscape
public relations campaign.'
HAMILTON COUNTY
The state's only countywide
Main Street program, in Hamilton
County, serves the communities of
Jennings, Jasper, and White Springs.
Main Street is assisting local officials
and businesses in promoting eco -
tourism of the region.8
HOMESTEAD
Homestead showcases its Main
Street achievements the first Friday of
each month with an evening known
as "Friday Fest". Sightseers can take
in live music as they stroll around
restored historic buildings such as the
Old Town Hall, which was construct-
ed in 1917. Rehabilitation on the
7,000 square foot building began
Florida Main Street GommunitieS .Since 1985
Arcadia
Hamilton County
Pahokee
Auburndale
Homestead
Palatka
Avon Park
Immokalee
Palm Harbor
Bartow
Indialantic
Panama City
Blountstown
Key West
Perry
Bonita Springs
Kissimmee
Plantation
Chipley
Lake City
Plant City
Clermont
Lake Park
Quincy
Clearwater
Lake Wales
Riviera Beach
Clewiston
Lake Worth
St. Cloud
Cocoa
Largo
St. Petersburg/
Crestview
Leesburg
Grand Central
Dade City
Marathon
St. Petersburg/
Dania Beach
Marianna
22nd Street South
Davie
Miami Beach
Sanford
Daytona Beach
Miami Downtown
Sarasota/Newtown
DeLand
Miami Overton
Sebring
Delray Beach
Miami Shores
Stuart
Dunnellon
Milton
Tarpon Springs
Eustis
Monticello
Titusville
Ft. Lauderdale/
Naples
Venice
Sistrunk Blvd.
New Port Richey
Vero Beach
Ft. Myers Beach
New Smyrna Beach
Wauchula
Ft. Myers
Oakland Park
Winter Garden
Ft. Pierce
Ocala
Winter Haven
Ft. Walton Beach
Okeechobee
Ybor City
Goldenrod
Orlando
Zephyrhills
Haines City
Ormond Beach
18
■
prior to Hurricane Andrew; not sur-
prisingly, the storm necessitated fur-
ther work on the structure.
Replacement trusses were crafted
from trees felled by the hurricane.
Begun in 1993, Homestead's
Main Street program relies largely on
the local spirit of volunteerism.
Recently, the program's lead organiza-
tion has hired an outside consultant
to assess the current market situation
and identify areas in which improve-
ments could be made. Homestead's
downtown has witnessed an influx of
more than $300,000 toward efforts to
beautify and rebuild the area.
Homestead Main Street's Design
Committee is currently working on a
historic district designation report
requested by the City of Homestead.
The report will consist largely of a
series of maps depicting structures
over fifty years old, architecturally
significant structures, proposed
improvements, and sites of historic or
cultural significance."
FORT PIERCE
Main Street Fort Pierce was
established in 1988 and is supported
in part through paid memberships
with support levels from $15 to
$1,000. The winner of several
awards (such as "Outstanding
Florida Main Street Image
Campaign" in 2000), the program
sponsors dozens of local events
annually, including "Coffee with the
Mayor". This monthly opportunity
runs September through May and
allows organizations and businesses
to present themselves to others in
the community. August brings the
Reverse Raffle and Silent Auction, a
themed event held the third
Saturday of the month. And the first
Sunday in December is "Sights and
Sounds on Second", a festival that
culminates in the lighting of the
city's Christmas tree.
ECONOMIC MIpACrS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
Main Street Fort Pierce
bought and is in the process of
restoring the historic Sunrise
Theater with more than $5- mil-
lion raised from private dona-
tions and state grants. Fifteen
facade projects also benefitted
from state grants, as did the ren-
ovation of the Historic City Hall,
a landmark constructed in 1925
that was once slated for demoli-
tion. In 1995, the program spon-
sored a charette to generate a
master plan for the historic
downtown area. Results of this
master plan include a new $2.5
million library. Main Street Fort
Pierce also has supported the
works of the St. Lucie Mural
Society in bringing four murals
to downtown depicting images
of local significance.t°
1. "Florida Main Street Communities Quarterly Report Data Base," Information supplied by Thadra
Stanton, Florida Mainstreet Program Assistant, Florida Department of State (Mar. 7, 2002).
Main Street initially was developed by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Since 1900,
Mainstreet has contributed some $16.1 billion in public and private investment in forty states and
over 1,600 American cities. Further information about this nationwide program is available at
http://www.mainstreet.orci/.
2. As of August, 2002, Florida's Main Street Program has yielded a total public/private investment of
more than $8552 million resulting in the creation of more than 2,300 new businesses, and more
than 8,900 jobs. "Florida Main Street Quarterly Report Data Base" (Aug. 14, 2002)
3. Katherine Harris, Making it Count: How the Arts and Historic Preservation Can
Make a Difference In Your County, Ft aRDA CouNm (Nov./Dec 2000).
4. "Auburndale Chamber Mainstreet," Information published by the Auburndale, Florida,
Chamber of Commerce, 2001/2002.
5. Interview with Doug Taylor, Building and Zoning Director, and Cindy Hummel, Director, Parks &
Recreation, City of Auburndale. (Feb. 5, 2002).
6. E-mail from Taver Comet, Deland Main Street Program Manager (April, 2002). Further information is
available at bdpJ/wwwl.flausa.comAnteresWmainstreet/ce.pbp.
7. E-mail from Laura Lee Corbett, Florida Main Street Program Coordinator, Florida Dept. of State (Aug. 2002)
8. Hann, supra note 3.
9. E-mail from Dale Cunningham, Homestead Main Street Program Manager (April, 2002). Further
information is available at http://w"1.flausa.comAnterests/mainstreet/se.php and
htt,T://www.homesteadmainstreet.com, ^
10. Information about these local Main Street Programs is available at htto://www.
mainstreetfortoierce.ora and hUp://www.visimludefla.coffvbWarv&htmi,
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 19
.0
yAl
Hisforical Museums,
Parrs & Sites
Archaeologists estimate that humans have inhabited Florida
for more than ten thousandyears.' Monuments and sites com-
memorating that lon(s histol lure the adventurous and the Just
Plain curious to the state. These richly diverse historical
resources include Native American sites, museums,
battlegrounds, parrs, courthouses? downtowns, hotels, motels,
beaches, historic marlrers and heritage trails.
bile Florida's
tourism of 2002
might be better
known for the
Central Florida
theme parks, which pump millions
of dollars into the state's economy
annually, tourism steeped in yes-
teryear continues as a growing seg-
ment of the tourist economy as
well. Visitors to the state frequent-
ly combine both theme parks and
historic sites on their itineraries.
A recently released survey by
Visit Florida, found that six in ten
respondents (61%) among
Floridians who took a vacation in
Florida last year participated in a
history -based activity. These activi-
ties included visiting historical
museums or memorials, old homes,
historic villages, Native American
sites, military sites, parks or other
historic sites' These findings are
comparable to similar surveys of all
Florida visitors in 1998 and 1999. In
1998, 52.9% of all vacationers and
57.5% of Floridians who vacationed
in Florida said they visited historic
sites during their trip. The figures
were similar for 1999, when 54.3%
of all vacationers and 55.5% of
Floridians said they visited historic
sites while a tourist in Florida.' With
Visit Florida reporting 58.8 million
tourists in 1999,6 the number of vis-
itors interested in historic sites and
activities is quite significant.
These "heritage tourists" can
visit a wide variety of sites in the
state. Florida has more than 1,400
listings on the National Register of
Historic Places.' Of the state's 356
museums, some 183 are consid-
ered historic, representing 1,610
employees, welcoming some 9.7
million visitors last year and hav-
ing operating budgets totalling
$67.8 million.,'
The Florida Department of
State's Division of Historical
Resources awards grant funds to
Marjorie Kronen Rawlins Dose. rose reek
non-profit Florida history muse-
ums for operating budgets and to
museums for exhibits regarding
the history of Florida. Since 1997,
the Division has awarded 338
grants, totaling more than $8.4
million.'
FINDINGS: Economic Impacts
of the Operations of Florida
Historical Museums
® Historical museums represent
more than one-half of all the muse-
ums in Florida.
® Historical museums in Florida
had an operating budget of $68
million for 2001.
® Of the $86 million of Florida
gross state product generated by
historical museums, $29 million
benefits the services sector, and
$23 million benefits the finance,
insurance, and real estate sectors.
N The total economic impact of
Florida historical museums net
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 21
Henry B. Plant Museum. University of Tampa
spending is 1,989 jobs, represent-
ing an income of $54 million and
$19 million in total federal, state,
and local taxes.
FLORIDA STATE &
NATIONAL PARKS
Florida's historic diversity
might best be reflected in the state
park system, which stretches from
the Alabama line to the Florida
Keys. From the creation of a monu-
ment at Olustee Battlefield in Baker
County in 1899, the Florida State
Park system has celebrated the sig-
nificant events and locations in state
history.10 The Civilian Conservation
Corps, created in 1933, assisted in
the development of the state park
system. By 1938 the Florida State
Park System consisted of nine parks,
Highlands Hammock in Hardee
County, Hillsborough River in
Hillsborough County, O'Leno in
Alachua and Columbia counties,
Myakka River in Manatee and
Sarasota counties, Fort Clinch in
Nassau County, Suwanee River in
Hamilton, Madison, and Suwanee
counties, Gold Head Branch in Clay
County, Torreya in Liberty County
and Florida Caverns in Jackson
County 11
Today, Florida's network of state
parks tris -crosses the state, reporting
18.1 million visitors in 2000-2001.'2
Of the 156 Florida state parks, 46
include sites in the National Register.
Among those visitors, more than 46.2
percent traveled to a state park that is
historic or includes some historic or
archeological site within its borders."
Visitors to these parks
of both the tradition.
facilities of state parks and the histor-
ir lly significant sites.
Florida's national par'.
include historic sites. Visitors to
national parks local,,.
Florida's borders, inc!",_
Castillo de San Marcos National
Monument in St. Johns County and
Dry Tortugas National Park in
Monroe County, accounted for more
than 5.2 million of the 8.7 million vis-
itors to national parks during 1999."
Cape Florida Ligl,c Hose
22 ECONOMIC RNPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
T
National Register of Historic Places:
Florida Listings'
Alachua,
45
Lake
20
Baker
3
Lee
44
Bay
4
Levan
55
Bradford _______3
Levy
3
Brevart!
42
Liberty 4
Broward
$3
Madison
7
Calhoun
4
Manatee
24
Charlotte
16
Marian
Citrus
3
Martin
5
Clay 22
Monroe
38
Gotl��
�
P�iassalr,t
��
Columbia
10s
OkaloosM_.
7
Dade
I"
(Okeechobee
2
DeSoto
1
Orange
36
Dbde
2
Osceola
7
Duval
78
Palm Beach
67
Escambia
33
Pasco
7
Fiagler 4
Pinellas
54
Franklin
10
Polk
61
Gadsden
44
Putnam
1s
Oochrist
0
St. Johns
32
Gloms
2
St. Lucie
16
C,ulf
3
Santa Rosa
17
Hamilton
4
Swmarta,
78
Hardee
-
_Sermirmle, ---12
Hendry
19
Sunk*
2
Hernando
'd
S tiannere
7
Highlands
13
T4yla'
2
Hillsborough 77
Union
2
Holmes
1
Voluspa71!
—
Indian River .
13.
' fakiulla
7
Jackson
3'
Mien
5
Jefferson
ly
VAishingtopy 3
Lafayette
0
*Florida Master Site File and the Bureau of Historic
Preservation, Survey & Registration Section. August 15,
2002. The National Register is the official Federal list of
properties throughout the country that reflects the
prehistoric occupation and historic development of our
nation, states, and local communities.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
1. CHARLToH W. TEBFAu, A HISTORY of FLORIDA 8-18 (7th prtg. 1980). See also FLORIDA DEPT OF EWRON.
PROTECTION, OUTDOOR RECREATION IN FLORIDA 2000, FLORIDA's STATEWIDE COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR
RECRFAnoN PLAN (2000) available at
(last visited May 30, 2002).
2. For more Information about Florida's historic courthouses, see HAMPTON DUNN, HISTORIC
FLORIDA Couffmousrs (Gloucester Point, Va.: Hallmark Pub. Co., 1998).
3. For more information about Florida's historic sites, see Euor KIBNeERG, HsroRK1LL TRAvELER's GUIDE TO
FLORIDA (Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc.,1997).
4, Cultural, Heritage, and Naturism in Florida, Memorandum from Vicki Verhine, Sr. Market Research Analyst,
+ Visit Florida (Mar. 27, 2002).
5. "History -Based Activities and the Florida Tourist" Visit Florida Research Dept, 2000).
6. Vatr FLORIDA, FLORIDA MsrroR Sww 2000 (2000).
i
7. General information about the National Register of Historic Places is available from the National Park
Seeuce . Far -more -information abut Florkhrllstin95--on-tie
National Register, see MORTON D. WiNsa G, FLaaDAN H Dw THROUGH hs RACES: PROPERTIES IN THE
NATIONAL REGISTER or HISTORIC PLACES (Gainesville: Univ. Press of Fla., 1995), updated online at
freac-fipj.edu/HistoricPtaces/Atlas.htFni (last visited August 16, 2002).
8. E-mail from Malinda Horton, Exeaitive Director, Florida Association of Museums, to JoAnn Klein,
University of Florida College of Law (Jan.14, 2002). Further information about the Florida Association of
Museums is available at
9. Infomhation supplied by the Division of Historical Resources, Museum Grants Program.
10. Florida Dept. of Environ. Protection, History of the Florida State Park System, available at
httD_//www.d stag fl Lm�2ararklksAr& :. atlon/history htm (last visited May 30, 2002).
11. Id.
12. State Parks and Areas: Attendance at Parks by Dept. of Environ. Prot. Districts in the State and Spedffed
Counties of Florida, Fiscal Years 1998.1999 & 1999-2000 in FLORIDA STATWr AL AssTRACr 2000, 546-47
(Univ of Fla. Bureau of Econ. & Bus. Research, 2000).
13. Id.
14. Id.
W�,I.�II,i SPi•ino�s l.��l;e
23
111
24
r
I
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORID
Historical
Grants -In -Aid Pro ram and Rehabilitation Tax Incentives
More than 1.400 historic properties in all 67 (Florida counties have
been restored or rehabilitate since 10$5 through the Historical
Resources Grants -In -Aid Program of the Bureau of Historic
Preservation, Division of Historical Resources in the Florida
Department of State.I This program has awarded more than $212.1
million in grants to 2.751 protects, which has keen matched ky $560
million in local funds, and the Florida Department of State reports that
this represents a 200 percent return on the puklie dollars invested.!
ormer Florida Secretary
of State Katherine Harris
has noted that approxi-
mately $10-15 million
annually in matching
grant funds are available to "assist
a wide variety of historic preserva-
tion projects, including cultural
resource surveys, preservation
education and planning, archaeo-
logical excavations, and the
restoration and rehabilitation of
historic buildings."' The photo-
graphs included in this book illus-
trate many of the historic sites in
cities throughout Florida which
have benefitted in some way from
these state grant funds, and their
successful combination of public
and private investment.
State officials estimate that
sixty to seventy percent of the cost
of the typical historic rehabilitation
project in Florida is expended
on labor, and that usually benefits
local workers.'
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
FINDINGS: Economic impacts of
the Historical Resources
Grants -In -Aid Program
® For the purposes of this study, the
analysis was conducted on the grants
which are used largely for capital
improvement purposes, including the
historic preservation grants and spe-
cial category grants. Florida offers one
of the nation's most successful pro-
grams to foster historic rehabilitation
through these grants programs.
® The Florida Historical Resources
Grants -In -Aid Program has econom-
ic effects from both the one-time
historic rehabilitation (construc-
tion) it engenders and from the on-
going historic tourism it supports
through renovation of Florida's his-
toric resources, thus resulting in vis-
itation to historic sites.
N From FY1996 through FY2001,
the Florida Historical Resources
Grants -In -Aid Program resulted in
$333 million in historic rehabilita-
tion through capital improvements.
041k
. 011th Beach. Miami Beach
® Within Florida, the $333 million
resulted in total cumulative
economic impacts for FY1996-
2001 of:
• 10,452 jobs
• $317 million in income
• $495 million in gross state product
• $111 million in total taxes
• $434 million in in-state wealth
® Of the $495 million in gross state
product, the following sectors of the
Florida economy were most greatly
impacted:
• Construction $111 million
• Services $86 million
• Manufacturing $85 million
PENSACOLA
Pensacola dates back more
than 450 years and has one of the
oldest and most active historic
preservation programs in the state.
Historic Rehabilitation and Tax Incentives
0 ince 1976, the Federal
Historic Preservation Tax
Incentives Program has;
been instrumental in preserving;
the historic places that give Florida
cities, towns and rural areas. their
special character. Administered in
Florida_ by the Department of
State's Division of Historical
Resources, this federal program
provides an investment tax credit
(a dollar -for -dollar reduction of tax
liability) equal to 20% of planning
A .�
and construction -related' costs for
substantial rehabilitation ,of prop -
:e ti listed in the National
1�kgwer of Historic Places, if after
reh0bilitation they are used for
i e -producing purposes,," The
teat crsA- t is. available for owners
and 'long-term lessees of historic
properties. Projects must be car-
ried; out in conformance with the
Secretary of the Interiors Standards
for Rehabilitation. Over 500
buildings across the state have
been rehabilitated with benefit
from this program, representing.
private investment of more than
$367 mi1li'on.11
In the 1970s, a push to save
the unique Art Deco architecture
of Miami Beach began after local
residents became concerned that
the brightly colored buildings of
the 1930's and 1940's were serious
ly endangered by decay and neg-
lect."
eglect." Activist Barbara Capitman
began a drive to save the buildings,
and today the city boasts the first
and largest historic district of Art
Deco architecture in the world.0
The Miami Beach Ardbitectural
District (the Art Deco Historic
Architectural District), one of six
historic areas in Miami Beach..,
hosts an estimated seven mullion
tourists annually, snaking the area
the number one tourist attraction
in South Florida and the number
two tourist destination in Florida,
after the Disney attractions." City
officials estimate that the influx of
tourists to South Beach con-
tributes more than $11 billion
annually to the area.'s The city
benefits from a combination of
rehabilitated historic hotels and
apartments, new hotels, a thriving
beachfront, and a vibrant commu-
nity
ommanitJ all of which emerged with the
city's renaissance.
Miami Beach has been one of
the 'largest beneficiaries of the fed-
eral tax incentives program. Since
the last major change to the pro-
m occurred in 1986, rehabilita-
tion projects qualifying for the fed-
eral tax credit in the Art Deco
Historic Architectural District have
accounted for more than $40.7
million in private investment —
with the historic properties being
reused as hotels, offices, retail
space and apartments.
Several other cities, including
Lakeland and West Palm Beach,
have seen significant improve-
ments in their downtown
commercial areas as a result of
this program.
In addition to the federal
incentives program, two types of
local option ad valorem tax exemp-
tion programs and a broad range of
discretionary local incentives
also encourage preservation of
historic .properties in Florida
communities. These incentives are
often enacted through the efforts
of the communtty's Certified Local
Government program.
Much of the preservation effort in the
downtown area has focused on the
Historic Pensacola Village, composed
of twenty properties constructed
between 1800 and 1900. Ten of these
properties have been transformed into
a museum complex depicting the his-
tory of the city.'
In 2000-2001, three Historic
Pensacola Village buildings received a
$250,000 grant from the state for
restoration and continued museum
use. The grant applicant, Historic
Pensacola, Inc., estimated that, once
restored, these buildings would host more
than 500,000 visitors annually.6
Another $250,000 grant was award-
ed to Pensacola in 1999-2000 for rehabil-
itation work on the Old Pensacola City
Hall, which now houses the T.T.
Wentworth, Jr., Florida State Museum,
with an estimated annual visitation of
40,000.'
These and other historic projects in
Pensacola and Escambia County have
received more than $6.6 million in state
grant awards since 1983.
;„WEST
'key Wests historic treasures differ
-*om those of many other Florida cities
.- liecause most of the structures of histori-
tal significance in this southernmost city
are homes and cottages, representative of
Vie late 1800's.8 The charm of Key West,
rrecreated from its cultural and island get -
.away reputation, lures tourists by car, by
air, and even by cruise ship in the hun-
dreds of thousands annually. The contin-
-ied restoration and rehabilitation invest-
uent in Key West has been encouraged by
a mixture of the state grants and federal
tax credits programs.
During the decade of the 1990's, the
Key West Custom House, an 1891 public
building that has served many govern-
ment uses, underwent a major restoration
for use as a museum today. Abandoned in
1974, the large structure received a variety
of state grants from 1992 to 2000, totaling
26 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
Old Chrim Ch.rch. Pensacola
$1,25 million in public funds.' The
Custom House is now open as a his-
toric museum and is estimated to
attract 150,000 tourists annually""
Key West also has received grant
funds for other properties such as the
Audubon House, Bahama Village
Preservation, the Old Firehouse, Fort
Zachary Taylor, Key West Cemetery,
Key West Lighthouse, Old City Hall,
the Oldest House, Truman Little
White House, and archaeological
programs.
SPECIAL CATEGORY GRANTS
While the three cities cited
above are well-known for their
historic projects, the special catego-
ry grants program also made awards
to a variety of other types of proj-
ects. Recent examples include:
• Governor Stone Schooner,
Apalachicola Maritime o
Museum, Inc., $99,015
• Gulfview Hotel,
Fort Walton Beach, $174,500
• Key West Naval Storehouse,
$359,000
• Stetson University Historic District,
$350,000
• Wakulla Springs Lodge, $97,875
• White Hall, Bethune-Cookman
College, $400,000
1 . FLORIDA DEPT. OF STATE, Div. OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES, FISCAL YEAR 2001-2002, RESTORATION OF HIST. PROPERTIES, SPECIAL
CATEGORY PRoJEcrs, APPROVED & RANKED BY THE FIA. HisT. PRESERvAnoN Arnnsm COUNCIL Vii (2000).
2. Katherine Harris, Making it Count. How the Arts and Historic Preservation Can Make a Difference in Your County,
FLORIDA CouNTIEs (NovJDec. 2000).
3. Id. Further information about the Historical Resources Grants-l"d Programs, including examples of recent
grants and application information, is available from the Division of Historical Resources at
http,/Zdhr.dos,state.fl.us/bhp/grants (last visited Mar. 10, 2002).
4. Harris, supra note 2.
S. City of Pensacola, Architectural Review Board, Planning and Neighborhood Development, available at
www.ci.penPcQ1a.fI.us.
6. FLORIDA DEPT. OF STATE, DN. OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES, FISCAL YEAR 2000-2001, RESTORATION OF HIST. PROPERTIES,
SPECIAL CATEGORY PROJECTS, APPROVED & RANKED BY THE FLA. HIST PRESERVATION Amsm COUNCIL 22 (2000).
7. FLORIDA DEPT. OF STATE, DIV OF Hlsrow-AL RESOURCES, 1999-2000 BuDGET REOUEsT, RESTORATION OF HISTORIC PRoPERmEs,
SPEGAL CATEocm PRoJECrs 35 (1999).
8. City of Key West, 'Key West Facts," available at httDJ/www.keyunm
9. "Historic Preservation Grants Awarded," Information supplied by Florida Dept. of State, Div. of Historical
Resources, May, 2001.
10. See 1999-2000 Budget Request, supra note 7, at 21.
11. I.R.C., 26 U.S.C. §47 (2002).
12. "Florida Projects Qualifying for Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit, 1/1/1987-3/7/2002," information supplied by
Florida Dept. of State, Div. of Historical Resources.
13. For more information about Miami Beach's Art Deco district, see FRoM WInERNEss To METRoPots: THE HlsroRY AND
ARtHgEcrum OF DADE Courm (1825.1940053 (Metropolitan Dade Co., Office of Community Dev., Hist. Pres. Div.,
2d ed.1992).
14. Further information about this important restoration is available from The Miami Design Preservation league,
at www.mdoI,QW,
15. City of Miami Beach, "Tourism Overview," available at http://www.ci.miami-beach.fl.us,
16. Id.
Total Grant Projects, 1983-2002
COUNTY
NO.
VALUE
Alachua
64
$3,715,724
Baker
12
876,388
Bay
13
615,075
Bradford
2
125,615
Brevard
49
2,577,887
Broward
83
6,289,838
Calhoun
12
1,395,647
Charlotte
13
274,274
Citrus
28
2,059,967
Clay
23
1,194,577
Collier
15
836,927
Columbia
11
738,860
Dade
237
18,712,701
DeSota
3
275,000
Dixie
9
83,715
Duval
111
11,672,080
Escambia
69
6,652,967
Flagler
12
998,167
Franklin
29
1,937,755
Gadsen
23
2,374,170
Gilchrist
2
50,000
Glades
5
300,510
Gulf
9
658,728
Hamilton
13
393,917
Hardee
8
660,145
Hendry
13
977,994
Hernando
3
108,632
Highlands
25
1,576,874
Hillsborough
128
12,425,146
Holmes
1
20,500
Indian River
18
1,078,430
Jackson
13
929,225
Jefferson
37
3,729,073
Lafayette
2
466,977
Lake
51
2,679,060
Lee
55
3,543,064
Leon
96
11,976,800
Levy
14
532,802
Liberty
3
112,317
Madison
11
1,738,940
Manatee
33
1,759,618
Marion
49
1,489,183
Martin
23
2,471,720
Monroe
110
8,384,800
Multi -County
28
341,092
Nassau
37
2,960,373
Okaloosa
18
982,868
Okeechobee
4
798,625
Orange
73
6,551,380
Osceola
13
760,625
Palm Beach
140
9,429,150
Pasco
44
2,975,385
Pinellas
106
7,462,969
Polk
103
10,454,884
Putnam
28
1,403,673
Santa Rosa
37
1,292,377
Sarasota
77
8,164,860
Seminole
21
1,048,207
St. Johns
123
11,793,983
St. Lucie
27
1,978,992
Statewide
104
3,607,287
Sumter
6
842,674
Suwannee
11
1,696,965
Taylor
12
334,585
Union
3
868,750
Volusia
162
12,577,525
Wakulla
12
953,938
Walton
14
694,669
Washington
8
697,350
Total
2751
$212,144,448
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 27
f y G
w !+•Jr .
4
iio 95�r_l 1S
Proert Values
p .�
Historic Preservation is dependent upon local ordinances and
programs. These ordinances are usual Part of zoning
ordinances and administered through zoning mechanisms. These
ordinances t�rpically create a board to designate historic districts
or landmarics, together with criteria for designation.
he ordinances then set
forth a process under
which designated prop-
erties must seek review
for certain external alter-
ations, demolitions or other con-
struction.' A review of assessed val-
ues of historic properties in Florida
has shown that historic preserva-
tion helps to maintain property val-
ues. The results are similar to stud-
ies in other states and show that
historic property often appreciates
at higher rates than similar non -
historic property.'
Project staff collected property
appraiser information for more than
20,000 parcels in eight Florida cities
for the years 1992, 1997 and 2001.3
They then reviewed changes in
assessed property values in eighteen
historic districts and twenty-five
comparison neighborhoods. The
review compared property of a simi-
lar description (e.g., Single Family
Residential), measuring percentage
changes from 1992-1997, 1997-
2001 and 1992-2001. Assessed
property values over the ten-year
period from 1992-2001 were
reviewed for the following cities:
Jacksonville: 1 historic district
(both National Register & local),
2 comparison neighborhoods
• Gainesville: 2 historic districts
(both National Register & local),
2 comparison neighborhoods
• Ocala: 2 historic districts
(both National Register & local),
3 comparison neighborhoods
• Tampa: 2 historic districts
(both National Register & local),
2 comparison neighboFhoods
• St. Petersburg: 4 historic districts
(local), 6 comparison neighborhoods
• Lakeland: 4 historic districts
(3 National Register & local, 1 local),
5 comparison neighborhoods
• West Palm Beach: 2 historic districts
(1 National Register & local, 1 local),
2 comparison neighborhoods
• Lake Worth: 1 historic district (local),
1 comparison neighborhood
Although the property values
review was not a comprehensive
survey of all Florida property, its
conclusions are based on a fairly
representative sample of mainly
residential historic districts in eight
large and medium-sized Florida
cities.
FINDINGS: Comparative
Property Values Analysis
® Historic preservation helps to
maintain property values in Florida.
0 In at least fifteen of the eighteen
cases studied, property in the his-
toric district appreciated greater
than in the non -historic comparison
neighborhoods
® No instance was found where his-
toric designation depressed property
values.
FLORIDA COMMUNITIES
In a desire to live near their
downtown offices or in communities
reminiscent of their grandparents'
homes, young professionals have
joined long-time local residents trying
to improve declining urban neighbor-
hoods, and are creating a market
throughout Florida for homes located
in historic districts. As demand
increases, value of these properties
increases, according to city staff in a
sampling of Florida communities.
ORLANDO
The City of Orlando conducted
an informal analysis of sale prices in
two historic districts during the
19901;. They found a pattern of
increased sale price per square foot,
using information from neighbor-
hood association newsletters and
from the local property appraiser.
Their analysis of selected properties
indicated that: (a) in the Lake
Lawsona historic district, which was
designated in 1994, the sale price per
square foot increased from $55.12 in
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVA71ON IN FLORIDA 29
Tampa
1992 to $129.11 in 2001; and (b) in
the Lake Eola Heights historic dis-
trict, which was designated in 1989,
the sale price per square foot
increased from $45.55 in 1990 to
$117.55 in 2002.'
TAMPA
In the past twenty-three years,
the Hyde Park Historic District of
Tampa transformed from a depressed
area with rooming houses and board-
ing houses to a premier neighborhood
with homes now selling for $1 mil-
lion.' According to a Tampa real estate
consultant, Hyde Park is experiencing
a 10 percent appreciation per year and
houses can be sold in as quickly as a
matter of hours.6
Tampa Heights is being trans-
formed through home ownership
investment and city investment in
infrastructure.' Throughout the dis-
trict, neighborhood redevelopment is
apparent.
OCALA
The Ocala Historic District, cen-
tered on Fort King Street, has been
brought back to life from a declined
neighborhood in the 1980's to a high-
ly desirable residential area today.' The
district began with a group that want-
ed to save the homes in the area, and
worked to achieve an ordinance
through the city.
WEST PALM BEACH
The combination of living in a
historic district, and proximity to a
booming historic downtown corri-
dor along Clematis Street and a new
large-scale mixed-use development,
have contributed to increased prop-
erty values during the past two or
three years in the West Palm Beach
districts of Grandview Heights and
Flamingo Park.'
LAKELAND
The City of Lakeland, which
encourages historic districts with
city -supported infrastructure such
as historic light fixtures, brick street
repair and tree 'replanting, has four
residential and one commercial his-
toric districts. The oldest district is
South Lake Morton which has
emerged from divided houses used
as apartments fifteen years ago to
single family home ownership today.
City staff estimate that five years
ago a property in South Lake
Morton, where many properties are
bungalows, could be acquired for
rehabilitation for $45,000450,000.
Today, they estimate, it will cost
closer to $100,000.10
ST. AUGUSTINE
Lincolnville, the last remaining
historic neighborhood in St.
Augustine, which is undergoing
rehabilitation, has experienced an
increase in buying/selling in the
past five years. City staff estimate
that five years ago, a house in disre-
pair could be purchased for
$10,000 and resold. The cost of
such a house in disrepair has
climbed to in excess of $65,000,
and today small vacant lots are sell-
ing for that amount."
GAINESVILLE
Property values in two
Gainesville residential historic dis-
tricts were evaluated over the period
1992-2001.12 The Northeast Historic
District has about 160 acres of
homes dating from 1875 through
the 1920's, including Epworth Hall,
part of the old East Florida
Seminary, which later became the
University of Florida. Listed on the
National Register since 1980, the
area saw much rehabilitation work
in the 1990's. The Northeast Historic
District was compared with the
Golfview neighborhood, a residen-
tial area in southwest Gainesville
near the present OF campus. Over
the ten-year period from 1992-2001,
average single family residential
property values rose by more than
67% in the Northeast Historic
District, compared with 52.5%
for Golfview,
Pleasant Street Historic
District, Gainesville's oldest
African-American neighborhood,
was listed on the National Register
in 1989, and contains more than
270 homes built between 1870 and
the 1930's. This neighborhood was
compared with the mixed use area
immediately west known as the
Fifth Avenue neighborhood. Single
family property in Pleasant Street
increased by some 48% from 1992-
2001, compared with 41% for the
Fifth Avenue neighborhood.
(See charts on following page.)
30 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
l'je Parr. Tampa
J1113
Percentage Change in Assessed Property Value ®�u�
1992-2001 /� I ■ n-0
�n 1� ��-
1d':dI , –lip % Change 1992-2001
/=
R
��� . 0-25
25-50
a1��� 50-100
'100-200
e ��
'200
Northeast Historic District, Gainesville
96 Change in Assessed property Value 1992-2001
Change 1992-2001 ■■_--
■■ MEMOIN <-10 OEM EMPF M
� i..
10-0 ME■■IONINEVIliOm
INNER b
0-25
50100 INNEWS::■�m
- 100-200WIN
m ■ ■ m l ■ ■ EO
> 200
MINE
1. See generally Florida Certified Local Government Guidelines Pt. B.1. (Revised Nov. 1993) (available from
the Bureau of Hist. Preservation).
2. For more information on affects of historic preservation on property values in other states, see, e.g., JONI
LEITHE & PATRICIA TIGUE, PROFITING FROM THE PAST THE ECON. IMPACT OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN GEORGIA
8-9 (1999); CENTER FOR URBAN POLICY RESEARCH, RUTGERS UNIV, PARTNERS IN PROSPERITY. THE ECON. BENEFITS OF
HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN NEW JERSEY 16-18 (1996); DONOVAN D. RYPKEMA, THE VALUE OF HISTORIC
PRESERVATION IN MARYLAND 34 (1999).
3. For comparison, Florida had more than 9.6 million parcels statewide with a value of $1 trillion in 2000.
General information on Florida property valuation is available from the Florida Department of Revenue,
at htto://sun 6.dms.state.fl.us/dor/property/.
4. Interview with Jodi Rubin, Historic Preservation Officer, Planning & Development Dept., City of Orlando
(April 10, 2002).
5. Interview with Del Acosta, Administrator, Historic Preservation, City of Tampa (Feb. 20, 2002).
6. Interview with John Jones, real estate consultant, Tampa, Florida (Feb. 20, 2002).
7. Interview with Linda Saul -Sena, City Council, City of Tampa (Feb. 20, 2002).
8. Interview with Holly Lang and David K. Herlihy, Planning Dept., City of Ocala (Feb.15, 2002).
9. Interview with Emily Stillings, Senior Historic Preservation Planner, West Palm Beach (Feb. 4, 2002).
10.lnterviews with Randy Mathews, Community Development Dept. Planner; Ken Hancock, Community
Development Intern; and David Pipkin, Realtor, Picard & Picard Realtors, Lakeland (Feb. 5, 2002).
11. Interview with David D. Birchim, Senior Planner, City of St. Augustine (Mar. 29, 2002).
12. For further information about Gainesville historic districts, see Ben Pickard, Historic Alachua County and
Old Gainesville: A TOUR GUIDE To THE PAST 1061 (2001); Morton D. Winsberg, FLORIDA's HlsroRy
THRoucH ITS PLACES 24 (Gainesville, Univ. Press of Fla., 1995).
Tampa Single Family Residential
Assessed Values
BO
70
60
a
mso
L
u
C 40
V
a 30
20
10
0
i
92-97 97-01
Hyde Park Historic District
Davis Island
Gainesville Single Family
Residential Assessed Values
so
70
60
rn 50
M
L
40u
c
v
o 30
20
10
92-01
92-97 97-01 92-01
Pleasant Street Historic District
NE Historic District
5th Avenue
Golfiew
31
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA
a
1
L l
IN
H
Aenowled�'b ements
Federal Disclaimer
This project (or publication) has
been financed in part with historic
preservation grant assistance
provided by the National Park
Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, administered through the
Bureau of Historic Preservation,
Division of Historical Resources,
Florida Department of State, assist-
ed by the Florida Historical
Commission. However, the
contents and opinions do not nec-
essarily reflect the views and opin-
ions of the Department of the
Interior or the Florida Department
of State, nor does the mention
of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement
or recommendation by the
Department of the Interior or the
Florida Department of State. This
program receives Federal financial
assistance for identification and
protection of historic properties.
Under Title VI of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964, Section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the
Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as
amended, the U.S. Department of
the Interior prohibits discrimina-
tion on the basis of race, color,
national origin, disability, or age in
its federally assisted programs. If
you believe you have been discrim-
inated against in any program,
activity, or facility as described
above, or if you desire further
information, please write to: Office
of Equal Opportunity, National
Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW,
Washington, DC 20240.
Research for the report was
conducted by:
At the Center for Governmental
Responsibility, University of
Florida Levin College of Law:
Timothy E. McLendon and JoAnn
Klein of the Center for Governmental
Responsibility, Levin College of Law,
University of Florida, with assistance
from Stephanie Mickle, Coordinator,
Kelly Samek 6t Michael Moyer, Legal
Research Assistants; Laura Coates,
Office Manager; Lenny Kennedy,
Senior Secretary; Barbara Seiger,
Secretary; Linda Baldwin,
Coordinator; Alexandra Amador,
Justin Barbour, and Jenny
VanDerVliet, Student Assistants
At the Center for Urban Policy
Research, Rutgers State
University: David Listokin and
Michael Lahr of the Center for Urban
Policy Research, Rutgers State
University, with assistance from
Sachiyo Takata, Leena Basynet,
Uzoma Anukwe, and Shannon
Darroch.
Heather Mitchell, Executive Director,
and Caroline Tharpe, Membership dr
Events Coordinator, Florida Trust for
Historic Preservation, Inc.
Paul Zwick, Professor and Chair,
Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, and Director, Geo -Facilities
Planning and Information Research
Center (GeoPlan), College of Design,
Construction and Planning,
University of Florida
Stanley Latimer, Research Scientist,
Geoplan, Department of Urban and
Regional Planning, College of Design,
Construction and Planning,
University of Florida
James C. Nicholas, Professor. of
Urban and Regional Planning,
College of Design, Construction and
Planning, and Affiliate Professor of
Law, Levin College of law, University
of Florida
Julian C. Juergensmeyer, Ben F.
Johnson Chair in Law, College of
Law, Georgia State University, and
Emeritus Professor, Levin College of
Law, University of Florida
All photos are courtesy of: JoAnn
Klein; Timothy E. McLendon; Florida
Trust for Historic Preservation, Inc.;
Bureau of Historic Preservation,
Division of Historical Resources,
Florida Department of State; Florida
Main Street; Key West Historical
Society; and Michael Zimny.
Project staff thank the many state and
local government officials, business
owners, and community leaders who
provided assistance and research for
this report, includinq:
Florida Department of State
Division of Historical Resources
Janet Snyder Matthews
Director and State Historic
Preservation Officer
Florida Department of State
Office of General Counsel
Gerard T. York
Assistant General Counsel
Florida Department of State
Bureau c f Historic Preservation
Frederick P. Gaske
Chief Deputy and State Historic
Preservation Officer
Laura Lee Corbett
David Ferro
Walter S. Marder
Barbara Mattick
Mary Rowley
Thadra Stanton
Robert C. Taylor
Florida Department of State
Bureau of Historical Museums
Diane Alfred
Lea Ellen Thornton
Florida Association cf Museums
Malinda Horton
Florida Park Service,
Florida Department of
Environmental Protection
Carlene Barrett
Visit Florida
Cliff Nilson
Clarissa Otoro
Robin Phillips
Vicky Verhine
University of Florida
Levin College of Law
E.L. Roy Hunt
Professor Emeritus
University of Florida, Bureau of
Economic and Business Research
Chris McCarty
Center for Tourism Research and
Development, Department erf
Recreation, Paries and Tourism,
University of Florida
John Confer
Steve Holland
Lori Pennington -Gray
Brijesh Thapa
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA 33
Alachua County
City of Jacksonville
Ed Crapo
Carole A. Burchette
Property Appraiser
Joel MacFachin
James Reed
City of Auburndale
James Schock
Cindy Hummel
Lisa Sheppard
Doug Taylor
Town of Jupiter
City of Coral Gables
Cindy Gartman
Donna Lubin
City of Key West
DeLand Main Street
Carolyn Walker
Taver Cornett
City of IGssimmee
City of Delray Beach, formerly State
Amy Carbajal
Division of Historical Resources,
Gail Hamilton
Bureau of Historic Preservation
Wendy Shay
City of Lakeland
Ken Hancock
Formerly of City of Delray Beach
Randy Mathews
Ellen Uguccioni
Connie Rossman
Fernandina Beach
David Pipkin
David Caples
Realtor
Innkeeper
City of Lake Worth
City of Gainesville
Ron Gaff
Maki Brown
Frederike H. Mitmer
Dee Hendricks
Douglas R. Murdock
Loretta Sharp
Realtor
Highlands County
Helen McKinney
City of Miami Beach
Duane Neiderman
Thomas R. Mooney
Hillsborough County
Town of Micanopy
Marilyn Hett
Karen Strobles
Homestead Main Street
City of Mount Dora
Dale Cunningham
Gus Gianikas
Sherry McKittrick
Mount Dora Area
Chamber of Commerce
Craig Was
City of Ocala
David K. Herlihy
Holly Lang
City of Orlando
Jodi M. Rubin
City of Perisacola
Mary Ann Peterson
Carla Schneider
City of Saint Augustine
David D. Birchim
Mark Knight
City of Saint Petersburg
Rick Smith
Karl J. Nurse
Businessman
Jeffery M. Wolf
Developer
Sarasota County
Richard Hurter
Sarasota County
Historical Commission
Louie Muldowney
City of Tallahassee
Laura Williams
Tallahassee Trust for
Historic Preservation
Beth LaCivita
Alyssa McManus
City of Tampa
Del Acosta
Nick D'Andrea
Linda Saul -Sena
Tampa City Council Member
John Jones
Real Estate Consultant
City of West Palm Beach
Richard Jones
Nestor Novaro
Sherry Piland
Emily Stallings
Town of Windermere
Sherry Music
Ybor City
Development Corporation
Maricela Medrano de Fakhri
34 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN FLORIDA