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RESOLUTION NO.
A RESOLUTION WAIVING THE REQUIREMENT FOR FORMAL
SEALED BIDS FOR FURNISHING A MATCHER SUBSYSTEM
FOR THE AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT SYSTEM TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF POLICE; AUTHORIZING THE PURCHASE
FROM PRINTRAK, INC., THE ONLY KNOWN SUPPLIERY AT
A TOTAL COST OF $49,000.00; ALLOCATING FUNDS
THEREFOR FROM THE 1982-83 OPERATING BUDGET OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF POLICE; AUTHORIZING THE CITY
MANAGER AND THE PURCHASING AGENT TO ISSUE A
PURCHASE ORDER FOR THIS EQUIPMENT.
WHEREAS, the Department of Police has requested the purchase
of a Matcher Subsystem from Printrak, Inc.; and
WIiEREAS, the Matcher Subsystem is protected by patent rights
which prevents the purchase from any other source; and
WHEREAS, funds for this purchase are available in the 1982-83
Operating Budget; and
WHEREAS, this equipment will be used by the Department of
Police for the purpose of updating the existing Automated Finger-
print System; and
WHEREAS, the City Manager and the Department of Police recom-
mend the purchase from Printrak, Inc. as most advantageous to the
City;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE CITY
OF MIAMI, FLORIDA:
Section 1. The requirement for formal sealed bids for fur-
nishing a Matcher Subsystem for the Automated Fingerprint System
to the Department of. Police is hereby waived, and the purchase from
Printrak, Inc. at a total cost of $49,000.00 is hereby approved
with funds therefor hereby allocated from the 1982-83 Operating
_ Budget of that department.
Section 2. That the City Manager is hereby authorized to
instruct the Purchasing Agent to issue a Purchase Order for this
equipment.
CITY COMMISSION
MEETING OF
DEC 9 1982
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PASSED AND ADOPTED this
G
City Clerk
PREPARED AND APPROVED BY:
ROBERT F. CLARK
DEPUTY CITY ATTORNEY /
9— day of DECEMBER
MAUR I_CE_ A. FERRE
--
1982.
AP RO A TO FORM AND CORRECTNESS:
JOSE R. GARCIA-PEDROSA
CITY ATTORNEY
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CITY OF MIAMI. FLORIDA
56
INTER -OFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO Mr. Howard V. Gary DATE October 29, 1982 FILE
City Manager
Sue'EcT Recommendation for Resolution
Waiving Formal Bids
"OM / ^ REFERENCES Automated Fingerprint System
C. .� L. Mullins ENCLOSURES Resolution, Justification Memo
Purchasing Agent
It is recommended that a resolution be passed waiving
the requirement for formal sealed bids and authorizing
the purchase of a Matcher Subsystem for the Automate
Fingerprint System from Printrak, Inc. at a total cost
7
The Department of Police has requested the purchase of a Matcher
Subsystem for the Automoted Fingerprint System at a total cost
of $49,000.00.
The R40 Matcher Sybsystem is needed in order to update the Automated
Fingerprint System now in use by the Department of Police. This will
increase productivity and enable the system to tie into a network of
systems in use by other cities, all of which is more fully explained
in the attached memo from Sgt. C. C. Nassberg, Manager of the Auto-
mated Fingerprint System, addressed to Assistant Chief Michael
Cosgrove.
The equipment is manufactured by Printrak, Inc., is protected by
patent rights, and is not available from any othr source.
Funds for this purchase are available in the 1982-83 Operating
Budget.
The Department of Police concures with this recommendation.
ALM:an
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171
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CITY OF 00-AV1. FLO:11CA
INTER-O-tICE MEMORANDUM
'O Michael M. Cosgrove
Assistant Chief
Resource Management Division
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Automated FintSystem
Criminal Identification Unit
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X I1)1 12
DOE 14 October 1982 Ts"t FIN 18
SUBJECT JUSTIFICATION FOR R-40 HATCHER
FOR AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT SYSTEM.
MErEPEN CEs
2•;anager
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This report has been prepared for your information pursuant to the
request to purchase the R-40 Matcher Subsystem for the Automated
Fingerprint System.
HISTORICAL NOTE
The Miami Police Automated Fingerprint Identification System was
purchased in 1977 from Rockwell International at a cost of $3988000.
At that tire, three other police age. --ies were under contract with
Rockwell for automated systems; the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
the Minnesota System, and the Counties of Prince George's and
Montgomery in Maryland. The City of Houston, Texas and the Depart -
rent of Criminal Justice for the State of California were irlminent
buyers at that tire, and a Rockwell Automated Fingerprint Users
Group was formed to insure the needs of all systems would be re-
sponded to by the vendor (this group neets'annually at the vendor
site in Anaheim, California to further the development of the sys-
tems, exchange operational ideas, and provide recommendations for
needed changes) .
Rockwell sold the technology to the Thomas De La Rue Company of
London, England in 1981, and the system is now called Printrak Inc.
Printrak Inc. also hired eleven of the thirteen persons who devel-
oped the system for Rockwell and has since increased their staff to
50 persons. An updated system known as the Printrak 300 has evolved
from a renewed effort to update the technology and state of the art.
(our system is known as the Printrak 250 S). In order to prevent
the operational 250 S systems from becoming obsolete as new technol-
ogy developed, the Users Group has required Printrak to design the
new technology to be retro-f ittable to the existing 250 S Systems.
The completely new System 300 sells for approximately $2#800,000.
Among the many enhancements r s.I.Aing in the 300 System is the R-40
I►latcher which is the suhj:;:t of this document.
The matcher subsystem currently in use in the 250 S consists of three
R-30 hardware matchers which are used in series to attain a specific
match rate. Each R-30 matcher had a retail cost of $32,000 when
purchased in 1977. Each is dependent upon the other two to perform
the necessary match tasks and can be operated in a one, two, or three
matcher on line configuration at significantly slower speeds as the
number of on line matchers decrease.
4r-
Michael M. Cc,:.gro�,e
Assistant Chief
Resource Management Division
Page 2
Justification For R-40 Matcher
For Automated Fingerprint System.
FILE: X IDT 12, FIN 18
To better understand ho:c the matcher sybsystem works, a brief expla-
nation of what takes place during "matching" can best be described as
a comparison of encoded inquiry coordinates against a set of file co-
ordinates. As fingerprint cards are "read" into the system, a three
nu;-nber coordinate is assigned to each point of identity in a single
fingerprint to a maximum, of 150 points. An example of one such point
could beX=104, Y=91, T= 58.
When a latent fingerprint is encoded for search, a number of these
points, typically 16 to 20, are assigned coordinate values and are
compared against the file print recorded data. This appears to be
a relatively siz,.rle yet obviously time consuming task which is made
infinitely more complicated by the fact that exact registration of
data is mathematically impossible due to the plastic nature of skin
and minute changes of a given fingerprint over a period of time due
to several variables such as inking, scarring, and location of finger
pattern in data capture process.
In order to compensate for such variables, the matcher must be able
to not only recognize matching data one on one but also recognize
relative differences between sets of inquiry and file data to resolve
the variables mentioned above. The rate at which all this takes place
within the matcher sybsystem is known as the match rate and is derived
from a mathematical relationship between the nL.nber of inquiry coordi-
nates vs. the number of file coordinates. With three matchers on line
in the 250 S System, using 16 points as a search argument against 150
points in a given file print, 48 coordinates (16 X 3) are compared
against 450 coordinates (150 X 3) for a match rate of 220 prints per
second. This really translates to the system "looking" at and com-
paring 220 -fingers each second until all candidates are exhausted.
faith the R-30 Sybsystem, 16 to 20 points are usually required to
achieve a high degree of expectancy of matching a known file print.
As few as eleven uncommon points have been matched by the system,
but as the available number drops the expectancy of match also de-
creases. A number of other factors impact upon match probability;
size of data base and rate of increase, number of unsolved latent
cases on line, and quality control of regular thruput to name a few.
The R-40 Hatcher Subsystem soon to be.available in hardware is a key
development to the continued success of our system particularly as the
system grows and new developments in the state of the art technology
evolve. A number of system enhancements are already being offered
to upgrade current 250 S Systems, but the most important of these is'
undoubtedly the R-40 Matcher Sybsystem. This sybsystem is a com-
pletely redesigned matcher consisting of two compact R-40 matchers
which are completely redundant. Each works in unison with the other
as a back-up, and each can operate independently in case a failure
nrrurs wi thotit a f fPrt i nn P i thPr Tnnt ch rAtP nr wre-tirArv. . Tn mAA i t i ern .
2
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Michael tl.. Cosgrove
Assistant Chief
R=source Eansgement Division
Page 3
Justification For R-40 rIatciic! r
For Automated Fingerprint System.
FILE: Y. IDT 12, FIN 18
the improved algorithm (a mathematical formula used to perform the
complicated comparison of coordinates and derive a score based upon
nearness of matching sets of values) has proven that higher degrees
of expectancy of match can be obtained with as few as eight points
of identity in the inquiry print. This alone permits searching a
significant increase in the number of latents developed from crime
scenes. Furthermore, the improved algorithm has demonstrated the
ability to list the matching print much higher on a given respondent
list. Respondent lists are from 25 to 100 persons printed in de-
scending order of probability.
All of the 250 S Systems in the U.S. with the exception of Houston
and Miami have been using the R-40 Natcher algorithm in software in
conjunction with their current R-30 hardware matchers for more than
a year, and each reports it to be an unqualified success. Each of
the other systems purchased the R-40 in software for approximately
$16,000., but used it judiciously since in software the matcher rates
are slowed to as low -as three or four fingers a second. The results
obtained from these latent inquiries (respondents as low as 35 in
R-30 have moved to number one in R-40) have overwhelmingly prompted
Printrak to develop the R-40 Matcher algorithm in hardware. This
has a tremendous irpact on latent fingerprint examiner time since 34
comparisons need not have been made and this in a single case. Our
latent print examiners have identified latents in major crimes where
the respondent has been as loco on the list as 90th. In these instances
the quality of the latent print was so poorly defined that unless one
persists in his efforts, no search would normally be attempted.
Finally, the R-40 Matcher has a tremendously improved match rate which
is in excess of 350 matches per second with increases to over 18000
per second when software improvements in the candidate selection proc-
ess (front end computer software) can be developed. This improved
match rate plays a major role in turn around times for ten -print case
inquiries, latent case inquiries, and in unsolved latent case searches.'
This system capability has been very instrumental in identifying of-
fenders whose fingerprints were not on file when the original latent
search was conducted. These remain in a special file as unsolved la-
tent cases and are automatically compared against each new ten -print
entry. There are currently 2,000 unsolved cases in this file, and
each time a new suspect's fingerprints are entered into the computer,
20,000 latent comparisons are completed without operator assistance
or "'free searches". This file has an on-line storage capacity, and
as the f1le grows so then does the time required to search it;
By the end of 1982 Printrak will have installed the required software
and hardware to existing systems to enable each user to search any '
other users data base for both ten -print and latent cases via a dial
up telephone modem link to provide the first network for computer
identification. This additional capability will be the first of its
kind anywhere in the world and will necessitate the use of the fastest
,*r+at Arrilratp cparrh rannhil itv available.
4
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Michael M. Cosgrove
Assistant Chief
Resource Management Division
Page 4
No
Justification For R-40 Matcher
For Automated Fingerprint System.
FILE: X IDT 12, FIN 18
In summation, due to the tremendously improved performance in match
accuracy and match rate, all of the 250 S users are eagerly awaiting
the delivery of their respective R-40 Matcher Subsystems. All soft-
ware corrections and improvements developed by Printrak since acquiring
the Rockwell technology have been given to the users free of charge.
The R-40 Matcher in software was developed by Rockwell and sold to the
users prior to the acquisition by Printrak. All of the existing 250 S
Systems will be afforded the opportunity to upgrade their systems to
the level of the current 300 System by purchasing the newly developed
add -on components.
Printrak has offered this price of $49,000 (exchange with current
R-30 Subsystem) to Miami and Houston for a limited time since it
is mutually beneficial for each user to have like systems. When
this offer expires, the cost to retrofit a 250 S System can be
considerably higher. It is important to note that this R-40 Matcher
is protected by patent rights and available from no source other than
Printrak. Printrak has established a policy that any add -on compo-
nents purchased from them will be warranteed and covered under existing
maintenance contract at no additional cost.
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