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HomeMy WebLinkAboutM-83-092111 77 / - i Septaraer 20, 1983 mr. Hc.,ard Gary uiami City Manage.: 3500 Pan ATerican Drive Miam, Florida 33133 Gary: Attached please f+.^d bac a—r-.uzc info=-,ation regarding the work of Greater Miami United this yea,.-. Ps -with any organization that seeks to be a catalyst, s=e acc wiis: m-a-.ts �,-n not easily cr—, .ittea to :ve are red aes`�ir1c ;-hat t':e Ci ty of Mia.� ' prcvide $25►000 tcwards the operating_ bL.:cet of G<•'.A. Mnese funds will be used to continue our work on Education, Affordable Fousing and Neei Federalism. We have a strong ccrmitr-.vent to continue our work with a vernr-,i--,nt and the private sector on the reca m pandations of the Metro--':immi Action Plan. Ne will also be assessing concerns of the His -per is cnwanity and, supporting initiatives to address hose ccncerns. 0.= organization is a partnership between the public and private sectors, mainly generating private sector and ewlrnul-ity involvement on issues of public policy. Our funding structure is also a partnership with equal amounts generated in the rn�lic and private sector. We are seeking to broaden ou.- public sector r-unding by approaching additional municipal governments for financial support ccmensarate with their size. ?s you may knaa from ^revicus efforts, Dade C--jnty and the City of M.i=-mi a--e the leaders in supporting brcad policy initiatives. In the private sector we must replace with corporate crntribu``ions, the $35,000 start-up grant provided by the United Way. We will endeav--r to co this by involving :Wore corporations in cur funding st-racture. Great-ar iarrd U.- ited is ^aly a cubiic-private partnership. ;.e view the •. r: .� ZS '-r'r� i 1 i at.:r '..� : i 'C �:.^cre.ase sta"i Or .^.= needs fcr car cenrating huaget. We hcze you rerain a partmer. Your cnt ibuticn to Greater Miami United provides us witr, a core of support .;rich other cover^_nents and private sector ecntribu-=rs lock: for. Sincereiy, curie A. Raskin Executive Director MDCC-New Wona Center 2DO North East 2nd Avenue, 23C2 Miarm. F}or,oa 32132 t3C5) 577-6B51 M 0 T'1' o IV 83--921, BOA ■ OF w !!! r Co -Chairpersons Richard W. McEwen _ Eduardo J. Padron M. Athalie Range Members Walter H. Alford Armando M. Codina Dorothy J Fields R. Ray Goode — Lucrecia H. Granda ---__--� Alvin Guiltord�----_--- ----- Maria C. Hernandez J. Stephen Hudson R. Larry Jinks - - Charles F. Johnson, Jr. Raul P. Masvidat R. Carl Palmer, Jr. --- _-_- Frank Soler----� --- —^-- Osvaldo N. Soto �—�- Floyd Thacker _ Francena Thomas Dorothy C. Weaver Executive Director Laurie A. Raskin GMU's board of directors strongly believes that diverse funding is essential if GMU is to maintain its credibility as an independent and objective forum for resolution of community problems. The following contribute to GMU's total budget: Burdines The Miami Herald Southeast Bank, N.A. Southern Bell Telephone Co. Biscayne Bank Sears, Roebuck & Co. Jordan Marsh Florida Power & Light The Babcock Co. Amerilirst Federal Savings & Loan Association The Miami Times Planned Development Corporation League of Women Voters Fine Jacobson Block Klein Colan & Simon, P.A Alan W. Steinberg The Miami News Ponce De Leon Federal Financial Federal Zubi Advertising Services Dodd Printers Metro -Dade County City of Miami United Way Miami -Dade Community College MDCC - New World Center 300 N E. 2nd Avenue, 2302, Miami. Florida 33132 (305)577-6851 Irlls Ui,K ,• "'10 n'-d Uy iMnid {'rrt�i,•,5 liu. ......,.,,„ „,.w,,,,,.• . A El i m CJ GD r DIVERSE cOMMUNITY WORKING TOG�_l "= ; A TO SOLVE PROBLEMS ... AND PREVENT TWEMs � two -fold: mm f counity is Miami is a dynamic city. The skyline along Biscayne Bay changes shape daily with new construction of luxury high rises and large office buildings housing banks, insurance companies and other significant corporations, transforming Miami into a major international center of commerce and finance. Settled by people from cities throughout the United States, the Caribbean, Latin America and elsewhere, Miami has evolved as a thriving community with a proud history and an exciting future. But the shape of tomorrow is framed by the challenges of today. In Liberty City, the scene of 1980 riots, increased business activity and economic development must occur. The populations of Little Havana and Little Haiti have swelled with the recent arrival of some 150,000 Cuban and Haitian refugees, increasing the need for development o community resourses. In an effort to meet the challenges presented by the unique forces tugging at Miami's social structure, diverse community leaders came together to form an organization to serve as a spearhead and mediation instrument. GMU's Board of Directors is active and involved. It includes influential and trusted leaders from each of Miami's major ethnic groups, chief executive officers of some of Miami's largest corporations and recognized leaders from private, public, academic, religious and community service organizations — leaders with influence and resources to make things happen. Like a spearhead with two points, Greater Miami United's approach to building a better First, GMU sponsors determined exploration into the root causes of local unrest and stimulates the development and implementation of solutions. Each year the GMU Board targets several project areas for special attention by specialized task forces. These currently include the relationship of education to unemployment, the impact of "New Federalism" on Dade County, issues related to affordable housing and the impact of migration on Dade County. Second, GMU provides an active and ongoing forum for mediation and conciliation of the tension which occurs among Miami's ethnic communities. GMU seeks to detect community problems before they enipt and intervene actively to prevent them from doing so. 0 .b[ z3 0 STRUCTURE AND MEMBERSHIP Greater Alami United is a ,u lti-ethnic, ncn-profit organization, car. sed of in- fluential and trusted business and ccrmunity leaders. It's purpose is to address and promote constructive resolution of those issues and problems critical to main- taining a stable ccmmmity. GMU accomplishes it's purpose by: - anticipating critical situations and preventing further development; - focusing on the root causes of social problem which adversely affect our camsahity and exploring effective solutions; - developing accurate information for private and public use in an attempt to facilitate constructive canminity action. H I STORY In May, 1981, a group of cc m u-Aity and economic leaders announced the formation of treater Miami United, a tri-ethnic approach to action on the problems and issues which have caused social unrest in the ccrrm=ty. It is ar 'osed- of the Chief Executive Officers of same of Miami's largest corporations "and of the most in- fluential and trusted leaders of our ethnic communities. The impetus for creation of Greater Miami United can be found in the Miami civil disturbances of 1980 and the massive influx of Cuban and Haitian refugees that year. These ors had an interrelationship at that time. Although progress has been made concerning the causes of the civil disturbance, a significant community effort to revitalize the black ccmminity in and around Liberty City will probably continue for years. - The presence of a large refugee population is still a major.ccmminity problem, not only because of the needs of the refugees themselves, but also because of the cat tition between refugees and the native poor for scarce resources such as jobs and housing. ACCOMPLI S H M E•N T S AND ACTIVITIES During the last eighteen months GdU has been involved in most of the significant problems of the total cammmnity. Task Forces have worked on the following issues: refugees, their condition and impact in Miami; problems of the poor and Black ccmrmmity; the challenge of creating affordable housing; the impact of federal fvndings patterns on Dade County; and basic literacy including the improvement of student achievement and retention of students in the school system. During this last year G%1U has been actively involved in the resolution of problemm resulting from the influx of Cuban and Haitian entrants to our community. Activities included successfully advocating for release of $31 million in refugee impact aid for Florida; bringing Congressman Mazzoli and Senator Simpson to Miami for brief- ings with canmuhity leaders on several key areas of concern about federal respon- sibility; seeking the upgrading of the Kxane Refugee Camp and the release of Haitian detainees; and organizing a coalition of concerned organizations to ricritor and see i.=rove ants in conditions at KLtme. 83-921 G•IU organized and undertook a major study to determine the impact of "Nero Federalism" on Dade County. Changing Patterns of Federal Snendina in Dade County, which brought 5 year information together fram 45 organizations, including local govezzaoent, was issued in July. It included an analysis and action recommendations. The Affordable Housing Task Force is currently developing a model project to demon- strate hcw a public/private partnership can laY-er the cost of housing and bring affordable units to the market place. A Joint Committee of GMU and the Dade Camuni.ty Revitalization Board has undertaken a project to detem ne community acca7plishxn_+nts with regard to the reccem-,endations of the U.S. Civil Rights Cc mnission following the civil disturbances of 1980. G•v was the catalyst and remains the private sector supporta system for the Metro - Miami. Action Plan, an effort at caq rehensive intervention on the problems of the poor and Black ccmmmity. The bVM is a comprehensive program of action in the areas of criminal justice system sensitivity, housing, economic development and education and training for jobs. on July 29 and 30, 1983 more than 900 people f=n all sectors of Dade County participated in the �etsn-Miami Action Program conference. They adopted more than 170 recammnded actions. The implementation planning and cammmi.tmmments are occuring now. many recommended actions will became effective October 1, 1983. Others will became part of mid -range and long-range plans. G<v will monitor the implementation of the reoammendations. FUNDING GTJ is a public -private partnership which received start-up funding from the private sector of $100,000. It's current budget of approximately $170,000 is based on a combination of. private and public direct cash contributions and in -kind services. During -last fiscal year GMU received more than $18,000 in -kind contributions. A continuation of the current organization is envisioned for 1983-84 with the following cash budget and funding structure. Private Sector $85,000 Metro -Dade County 35,000 City of Miami 25,000 Otl-ter Cities 25,000 $170,000 83-921 GREATER 1.11 ;I ;I UNITED, INC. MOCC-New World Center 300 N.E. 2 Ave.. 2302 .r . !f � �.��ami, Fior�c� 33732 (3��) Sii-5c5t REFUGEE AND IMMIGRATION POLICY STATEMENT Adopted by the Board of Directors - 1-19-82 1. Krome Refuoee Center Althouoh Krome is�nbw used as a detention facility it must be returned to its original use as a processing or seventy-two (72) hour turn around facility. We call for this to be accomplished within six months. Until such time as those detained in Krome can conclude their requests to be admitted to.this country, Krome must be made a humanitarian facility exemplifying the values and standards of U. S. citizens concerning proper treatment. N % % Immediate improvements are needed at Krome. The Metro -Dade Mayor's Task Force and the Greater Miami United Krome Liaison Committee identified a list of twenty improvements including major changes in physical facilities, educ- ation, recreation, acculturation, family visitation, and the removal of all children, their families (common-law marriage included) and pregnant women from detention. The Krome Liaison Committee should be recognized by the Department of Justice as the community monitoring, fact-finding and recommending body concerning conditions at Krome. They should be provided with the access to Krome and staff support which is necessary for them to do their job. The Immigration and Naturalization Service.should continue their current posture of extreme responsiveness to improving the conditions at Krome. Extraordinary measures should be used, if necessary, to assure that improve- ments are carried out immediately. Authority for such measures should also be given I.N.S. immediately. 2. Sufficient Financial Support to Impacted Communities We are opposed to the newly proposed regulations issued by the Department of Health and Human Services to restrict cash and medical assistance to Cuban and Haitian Entrants. These regulations would result in fewer than 20% of the entrant population continuing to receive assistance. The burden for the remaining 80% falls on the local government which provides emergency cash and medical assistance to indiaents. After 18 months any needs of the remain- ing 20% would also fall on the local community. The financial burden on Dade County tax -payers who have already shouldered the social and psychological burden as well as significant financial responsibility is unconscionable and will cause severe tensions in our already volatile community. We oppose the proposed impact aid program designed to assist such communities as South Florida already heavily impacted by refugees because it does not pro- vide sufficient funding, flexibility, definition of service, or guarantees to offset the impact of the proposed regulations. 83-921 Page 2 Appropriate and sufficient impact aid should address the need, not only for basic financial assistance, but also for medical care and housing. 3. Speedy and Non -Discriminatory Legal Processing No category of refugee should languish in Krome due to the length of time the gpvernment takes to decide immigration cases or the lack of hearing officers, prosecutors and defense attorneys. All resources at the disposal of I.N.S. and the Justice Department should be made available for a speedy legal process -,..with all rights accorded persons in our legal system. All detainees in Krome should be advised of their legal rights. This ad- vice should be provided with the attendant monitoring and interpretation necessary to assure that the refugees understand their rights. A deadline should be set by I.N.S. for the beginning and ending of exclu- sion hearings for those detained at Krome. 1% 4. Contingency Planning An effective federal plan for containment of any "massive wave" of refugees should be prepared immediately in order to avoid a repetition of what South Florida has experienced. The training of personnel and the authority for decisions relative to implementation of directives should be established. Florida officials must have clear-cut outlines of actions to be taken by the national government. This plan must be clearly stated and published internationally so that those who seek to make our state and nation a dumping ground for their unwanted nationals will be deterred. 5. Future Immigration Legislation The newly proposed Federal immigration legislation should be reviewed by citizens of this community. Greater Miami United should develop the expert adviceagd forum necessary for community leaders to develop an action plan on immigration. policy which is consistent with the needs of Dade County. We urge hearings of the House and Senate Committee considering legislation in.Florida within thirty (30) days. Few other communities in this country have the interest and dearly earned knowledge on this topic necessary to guide congressional leaders. Dade County should identify communities throughout the country who are sev- erely impacted by large refugee concentrations. Areas of mutual interest and concern should be explored, especially action' with regard to proposed and current Federal immigration policy. 6. Foreign Policy Approaches to Immigration We support the negotiation and resolution of problems causing refugees in the country of origin as much as possible. 83-921 7. Study the question of Discrimination in the AoPlication of Detention Policy There have been charges in this community Df racism on the part of the Federal government and of discrimination against Haitian's in the imple- mentation of detention policy. An analysis of persons detained since the Administration announced its detention policy in July 1981 should be untaken to determine the validity of these allegations. As long as Haitian's are detained in this community, perceived racism.will be an explosive issue. Submitted by: Co -Chairmen: t The Refugee and Immigration Policy Task Force George Good and Frank Soler 1.4 Jules Arkin Julio Aveiio Joyce Beber Beatriz de la Rosa Willy Gort Marshall Harris Maria Hernandez Leigh Rothschild Harvey Ruvin Mary Smith Francena Thomas Silvia llnzueta Bryan Walsh Willie Williams 83-921' 0 0 12A The Miami Herald / Tuesday. Aug. 2. 1983 'e�bc Miami Ncratb JOHN S. KNIGHT (1894-1981) JAMESS L KNIGHT. Choi nn p Emeritnu RICHARD G. CAPEN. JR- 01ai► - and PubtisAer BEVERLY R. CARPER JIM HAMPTON HEATH J MERiWETHER President andGenemi Monagrr — - = Mier_ Executive Editor JOANNA:YRAGG. Associate Editor PETE WEITUL. Managm; Editor A"MMAP to Go'By IT SAYS something about the needs of Dade Cc unty's blacks When approzi- mately 900 people — triple the num- ber expected — show up at an unprece- dented conference to try to deal with them. it says something both encourag- ing and disquieting. Most of all. it says that the pluses and minuses are being addressed for the* first time by a coali- tion broader than any ever • assembled here. The breadth of community Involve- ment could be the single most important achievement to grow out of the Metro - Miami Action Plan (IVfMAP) conference. For the conferees on Friday and Satur- day included numerous Dade Countians not previously Identified as particularly involved in helping make life better for the black community. The basis of the conference was a set of 157 "recommended actions" in four broad areas: education and training for jobs; housing; economic development and employment; and sensitivity of the criminal -justice system. The recommen- dations had evolved from a series of community meetings over a three-month period. In a sense, then. the MMAP's working document. Community's Com- mitment to Itself. was produced from the grassroots up. not created by any partic- ular set of "leaders." Some of the recommended actions — such as promoting more blacks into the public schools' administration — would cost nothing to implemeaL Others — such as building a $20 million vocation- al-technlcal center in the inner city and spending M million to air-condition public schools — have significant costs. The competition for sta<roe funds al- ways exists. however. At a time of sharp cutbacks In Federal aid and of voter re* sistance to new local taxes, the competi- tion intensifies. As It does, the impera- tive increases, to spend every dollar where it will do the most good and to put essential needs ahead of the desir- able but less -essential projects. ?'herein lies the promise of the MMAP approach. This is the first project to unite the Metro and Miami governments. the Dade legislative delegation, the busi- ness establishment. the Dade County public schools, the local colleges and universities, and the black community it- self. If this unity can be maintained, the potential is enormous. The task for every entity. public and private. involved in the MMAP process is to make certain that this unified ap- proach is maintained. An 18-member ex- ecutive committee headed by the MMAP co-chairmen. Metro Mayor Stephen Clark and Burdines chairman Richard McEwen, now will assign priorities to the conference's recommendations. A follow-up conference is to be held with- in three months to report on these priori- ties, and Miami Mayor Maurice Ferre promises a city -commission hearing on them as well. Any number of conferees, blacks and whites alike, said that they had never felt so encouraged as by the attendanm the candid exchanges of views, and the breadth of concern evident in the MMAP sessions. May they maintain that opti- mism, transmit it throughout their orga- nizations, and pledge to make the MMAP's goals truly this community's commitment to itself. 83-921 0 0 'L 13 13 _ 44 The Miami News✓ — '�;;,�;r� Wednesday, August 3. 1983 To help buck people, turn words into deeds At the moment, optimism prevails the doubts, the skepticism, the historical indifference and inertia have been shelved. though they are never far from the surface. The latest effort to bring black people'into the mainstream of life in Dole County is so ambitious, so tantalizing in Its potential. that even the cynics see the strong postlbility that this time today's working paper may become tomorrows achievement. Over the years. Dade County has seen more than its share of civil upheavals, followed by community commitments to change historic patterns of discrimination and inequitim folloaiet3by amnesia, after which the cycle is renewed. There's a bettrr chance now than ever that the cycle will be broken. If only because It is widely known there won't be many opportunities 'left to do what should have been done long ago. • . *The work completed so far on the Metro -Miami Action Plan has been distinguished by Its thoroughness The plan deals with all the major areas of concern to blacks. and Its recommendations are based on Information derived from a broad crass section of people. Not to be overlooked is the fact that Dade County's acldemic community played a major role in providing research essential to the plan. That is the first time in recent memory higher education resources in Dade have been pooled to help tackle a major community problem. but it should not be the last. Due to past failures. there'are those who publicly support the plan but privately doubt a lasting commitment will be made. Yet most people who participated in the recent two-day conference at which the various proposals were discussed and refined appear determined to spin history around and move it in a direction that will yield economic equity, judicial reform, greater educational opportunity and fair housing for blacks in Dade County. ,'lthougb a great deal has been done. all that has really happened is that hundreds of community architects representing various interests have drafted a huge set of plans for what in effect amounts to constructing not just a new city, but new attitudes, new opportunities. new commitments and a new faith in tomorrow. The most difficult part lies ahead: Local: state and federal governments. working with private business and driven by the individual initiatives of those who have placed their skills. determination and reputations on the line as never before, must fulfill their roles if the plan is to be successful. The Metro -Miami Action Plan and all that it stands for in concept. commitment and specifics deserves to be the single most important community project in Dade County. not just for the next year or two, but as long as It takes for the dreams to be converted into reality. Without the unwavering support of those with the authority to provide money. jobs, edacatictial opportunity, legislation. housing —you name it -- the action plan will be all plan and no action. 93-921' •A1j , ti, Ili+' :1:• t `yr7� t` [jJ l��r •�il�' !l��' '��i 't1�}+ i�� �`+ ' till f r � .� f •N(;i I '1�;1' '� � �rt,� {IX ���i: • � , u ( �' � � fl '1,' �!1��1r ;� 4r: f'� t, .fit;' +'4•, f;. � y Miami ftmi Herald Section T� Monday, February 7,1993 Section 13 to comm11n, Y Coalition honored By PAUL ANDERSON IInvW swii W«fler A triethole coalition of business and civic leaders, formed to study Miami,& Social problems in the wake of the 1980 Liberty City riots, I - . ' • I received 'a �" h1 major human- :' " relations award Sunday. •r • t... N ""D• 1r rlf for service, Greater Miami United. "These Peo- a ple are a great example of what can �' { i� _ 1 ha n it a community gets togeth- 1if�jr .1 .+• r i t !tt"'' er and sets Its sigbt on accomplish- , 1 ing something." she said. The audience included several i�, �..' 1• S y '' s I previous individual recipients of the Fr , award, among them Range, Monst- +,' m� r gnor Bryan 0. Walsh, U•S. District Greater •+ ,'t�r,.., i r `` ,,� I tllaml United was honored { II" �;,4 _ .: • 1 ' L; '� ` for its efforts reduca eommu• Range Padron nity tensions and Help (Deus it is named for philanthropist Leon - he attention of and L. Abesswho presents a "It- .: pubt{c oNidais search grantto each year's recipi- on Issues th►t ent. l4cEwon could -, • cause eommunilyunreat. The award was presented at a luncheon at Miami Beach's Konover Among other things, the group — liotel . to the three founders of which Is funded by Dade County, Greater Miami United, who remain the city of Miami, United Way and i its co-chalrmtn; Burdlnes chaltman corporate donations — has studied Richard McEwen, former Miami and reported on Immigration prob- Clty•Commissioner Athal{e Range Items, including the conditions in the and Mlslot-Dade Community Col- Krolne refugee camp; last year's re- lege vice president Eduardo Padron. districting of legislative and con, speaking on behalf of tonal districts,, t ; the Impact of Mc6 snit the III prograsms, anddthelsUalna of unefunds on cm� cheon the guecsithatt he old accept0edlthe MIAMI. nt and Inadequate impoverished bneighbor• Jobin srd well'done than as an ess as a recotlndlcator Miami's of the jolt tell yet to do." hoods. The award was Presenud by the U.S. Sen.Baker at tl ewiuincheon, Florida Regional board of the Anti said. a aPc Delamatlon I.esg ue of R'nai B'rkh. wid she had greet admiration for Judge C. Clyde Atkins and Miaml } News caiumnlst Jack Kassewl�z. Greater Miami United Is the fifth organization or agency to receive the award. Others have included the Dade public school system. the Dade Community Relations Board. - the St. Petersburg Times and the Miami News. C� t�-sten rn E, n - n �T Sh(C .o its blac_'Ka 4a-V_..a us inoor A t first Janes Williams was suspicious of 'were she was View hearing. Here were all these �+e community 'professionals politi- Fromm n. a Bans and professionals talking ii++� , about how they were going to help UZaV.vSrar.rn solve the problems of Dade Coun-.. ty's black and poor. IHeath tiedwather "It's going to take more than a bunch of big wheels meeting once a Executive Zdllor year. It's going to take time. getting out them not just from the phone in. your offim not just from a handout at election time. and not just a little Conference suggestions / 1B article in The Herald." she said. But a carious thing happened Fri- per cent of them dropped out before dominantly black schools}. they're day to the 29-year-old Carol City their class graduated in 198Z; of the not going to do the best job they mother and hospital admitting clerk • 4.662 students suspended from can." she said in her committee on who grew up in Liberty City's Dade schools in the rust term of public school education. tough Scott housing project "1 1982-83, 50 per cent were black: of Among those listening to Wfl- began to sit back and listen and I the 2.770 students in the gifted pro- Gams was Joan Kobrin, a high realized. they're paream too. gram. only 9 per.cxnt were black. school teacher who lives with her they're working for the same things, • About 40,0M low- to moder- lawyer -husband and two children I want." she said. ate -income blaclts have serious in kendall, the placename that has Her discovery may well be the housing problems', more than become synonymous with South sort of small triumph that organiz- 31.000 families are on the waiting Florida suburbia. ers of Friday's extraordinary ses- list for public housing. To some. Kobrin, who grew up in lion at Miami's Hyatt Hotel had a Black -on -black homicide is the Miami Beach. might seem a world. hoped for all along. leading cause of death among apart from Williams. who worked "Everyone is forcefully exchang- her way out of the Scott projects ing points of view. but they're re- into the Carol City home she and specting what the other side says." One of the criticisms I have her husband "always wanted." But said Burdines Chairman Richard of my own profession is the two women discovered they McEwen, who co-chaired the event had a lot in common when it comes with Metro Mayor Steve Clark. that we journalists to their kids "Some of her concerns Almost 800 business leadem sometimes loch an are the same as mine: if my child community activists, government interested attention span. has an incompetent teacher. I want managers and citizens to do something about it." Kobrin answered the call to grapple for said. cures for what County Manager Ift Kobrin. who taught at inner-city Dierrett Stier heim called the Edison High for 12 years. developed "Achilles' heel" of the community: young black men; blacks in Miami some frustrations of her own dur. the social and economic deprivation believe that they rixeive "unequal ing Friday's sessions. She felt many of the black and the poor. treatment before the law"; blacks of the proposals — generated from As I listened to everyone from are underrepresenud in the crimi- the "grassroots" black community the powerful to the powerless. I nal justice system. particularly in — addressed problems that already thought about this newspaper's role supervisory positiou.:> had solutions, if only black parents in spotlighting the problems that With such statistics as a starting were aware of them. had brought such a diverse cross- place, and shortly alter the Decem- •'If a teacher's not qualified. or if section of the community together. ber 1982 riot in Ztia.mi's black a teacher is prejudiced. a parent One of the criticisms I have of my Overtown section, four teams led from Kendall will run to the princi- own profession is that we journal- by academics from four of Dade's pal's office." she said. but a black fists sometimes lack an attention colleges and univerraties dusted off parent may be more hesitant or less span. As we stumble from one big old reports, held public hearings in aware of what to do. news event to the next, we are black neighborhoods and came up Yet she acknowledged that it's more prone to cover what one eW- with 157 recommendations to be hard to convince her Kendall neigh. tor called "nervous news" than to considered for the Metro -Miami Ac- bors that they should care about pay beed to persistent problems in lion Plan (MNUP) problems 25 miles away in Over. the community. Friday's participatru laced that town and liberty City. I like to think we resist such ten- formidable list lulus a sometimes "How do you convince a parent denies. But I'm not sure we always puzzling procedure of core groups, with a kid in kindergarten in Ken. do as thorough a job as we might in committees and plenary sessions dall that her child will face the reminding readers about the pro- along with bewildering jargon — same problems as the kid in Edison found and potentially destructive "focus persons," "facilitators: ' Park?" Kobrin asked. disparity between the rich and poor even -tall-building pe-ople" for busi- The first thing you do is listen. in our community. ness leaders and "curbstone people" Janet Williams said later. "Being The depth of that disparity is for street blacks. hostile won't make anything better startling; But in a commitlee seswon. Janet but, by being able to listen, you can a For every 100 white -owned Williams spoke in simple terms to • find a common ground." businesses in Dade. there is only the powerful and %he interested Janet Williams is right_ one black -owned one: for every 10 about what she wanuad — commit. It will now be up to everyone at whites unemployed. there are 25 ted. caring teachers for her chil- the weekend sessions, including this 'blacks; for every, dollar earned by dren. Bukeka (Africin for "earth newspaper. to stay focused on a whites. 67 cents is earned by goddess"). 9. and Lamont. 7. problem that can only be solved If blacks "I've had teachers who did not everyone pays attention — -today. a Of the black students who en. care what my child's heeds were. 11 next month. nett year and the tired the ninth grade in 1979. 46 they don't want to be there lin pre. years after that. 8 3"30c:1 W N rim - ��q�i 1'' A ; III r t�•y 1 . Supday, January•16- 1983 The' Miami Herald : Section B • ' ..�......�: .. -... .,:. .,... ,':..tat.•«..:....� ,• . .. risis), bi A pi By SUSAN SACHS . ;day between Metro Mayor She kluk, Miami variety of progrumil tq,'apbren a ptpbllms titrnt4S94Writer : : Mayor.Maurica Fevre, Me"'.Mnnager Merrett of poverty, Jobiessne3Fpnd eegregatipa. i Top Metro officials are expected, to an Stlerhelm and Miami City -MAnager Howard The city and the•couaty, he said, shop) de• nounce Mondaythe formation of a community Gary. - • .,.: vote as much attention to prom.eFoo�lnic "think tank" of top corporate and *civic leaders' The :meeting ' wps, organized by; Greater prosperlty•end opportunity In the'¢laek. com- - that would -apply Its political muscle tp the - .Mlaml, United, a, CIVIC organization that do.. munity as they' have to downtoyyn;develop•. problems of Dade'sblack community. (scribes Itself aS a la -ethnic coalition seeking to • miSnt and countywido prolects'like'the airport. • The group, with a broad mandate to laltl• I solve social problems. The group Is supported and seaport. A ' :'�•�,et; •' sto. experimental programS and coordinate . by United Way,-Mlaml and countygrants and "The county Is the only one'wlth:4ver•aU.i those already dealing with topic& Ilk: housing 1 privath donations. 1 ; JGrlsdlctlon to come out'wlthp super agency+;'! . Cad .redevelopment; will be modeled some. 1 ;Greater Miami ,United,' which counts Ferre said Saturday:'IThe problem Is- *ere Is a • what alter the Miami Cltizeps Against Crime ; among Its members many. of"those business, t duplication of programs aimed ag addrplcing (MCAC) according to various sources. 1 ..•; ;,leaden( who would participate In the broader the needs -of the black community. 11-i . ; , t MCAC drew together Influential buslnees, , eomrglitee, will by given a protpinept rolp In. A' highly visible, •action•oriented commit- ' a '• men to successfully lobby sate IeglsistorsJ the nth: new structure, sources sald.•'L l clout pl top elected .:.. , tee, backed by the politic Reagan Administratlon and Metro'commis- • t The Idea for the commlttett evgived from olflclsls,and business leaders; could t111 thatY s16ners for anti -clime measures, a state ulgs-* several proposals, made In the wake of the role If It Includes "county, staff`wlth power.. tax Increase for erimlmal•Justics programs aqd 1 Overtown disturbances three ! weeks sgq, *over all the agencies In Dade Cpuaty," Terre i bond Issue for mew Jails. '• when sporadic violence, brokp out after the added. The final 'shape • of the •new- eomgtlttee, fatal shooting of s youn black man by i Latin I'll Jthe MCACI could get the 'whole coin- whlch,could'Include as many its 200 peopleMlaml police officer. 'f' '•'; munity together to deal with crime, why un't representing'the county's ethnic groups. Is ex-" . Fevre, for example, sugfested' then .that we do the same thing to deal witb,0yertowa peeled to be decided at a meeting early/ Mon. Metro create a "super agency' to consolidate it , and Liberty City?" he said. • , , t 0 Pgan X0 ..Bad VERNE WILLIAMS "Isms Mast Rope Mrr Metro Mayor Steve Clark today unveiled a proposal to Ceate a "master plan^ to bring Dade's black communities into the mainstream of educational and job opportunities as fast as possible. Clark presented the concept to a ' number of . key governmental and business leaders today at a meeting with officals of Greater Miami United. a tri-cultural community coalition_ "We are not going to drop this J�said Clark. "and we're not going to go from crisis to cri- sis." . He said that while last month's disturbances in the black ghetto of Ovettowo lent impetus Tor such a plm he bad been working on the concept for several months. Last November in his "State of the County" address Clark called for an alliance of government and business leaders to fix a new "social agenda" for Dade. Clark said that Metro cannot solve all the county's social problems by itself. Clark said Metro stall officials under County Manager Merzett Stierbelmwould come up with a se- ries of position papers in about 30 • ' daYt► ..... . "Right now this is a concept," said Stierheim. who attended 'to- day's organizing session at the, downtown Burdines store. The position papers will cover a number of problems. such as in- creasing educational opportunitities for young blacks and greater police sensitivity. he said. Ideas in the position papers will be broadened by suggestions from Miami Mayor Maurice Ferre. and' leaders of other Dade- cities. Clark said. School Superintendent Leonard. Britton said today he will contrib- ute ideas to the educational aspects of the master plan. Then. Clark said. representatives' of the governmental and private groups involved in creating the master plan, will get together 1n a' "retreat" in about 90 days to draw, up a the blueprint. Richard McEwen. Burdines board, chairman and co-chairman of Greater Miami Unitedosaid his com- munity group has been the catalyst for bringing together hfetro. 'Miatnl.S school board and ci%ic leaders. "We want them to get together. and see what can be done to pro-" duce this master plan with someone specifically In charge." said Mc Ewen. "We will act as the monitor= ing group:' ' 83-921 lhA 1'110 hllatnI 1 'JOIIN 9. kNICNT tl69bJW11 JAMIN L. NNI611T. Chairman Emrnrur •I RICHAan n. CAP'EN, Jr., Chauawn and MliblArr BEVERLY CARTER, Auidrnl and.6n+rat Afanadrr AKIN MCNIU1 l•A N. E+rNfire Eddw JIM IIAMI10N,£ditor PIE1111 J hlt:ItlWt:rUEA. ManaJins Ediew Money- and'Mouths HENEVER Dade County Is In the throes of upheaval -- whether from street violence, racial un- rest, or drugs — there never Is a short- age of opinions. Everybody has ideas on what to do. Only a few are Willing to supply the pailiative needed to deal with the problems; money. ' Talk Is cheap.., The Greater hilaml Chamber of Com- merce.hammered home that message the other day to leaders In Dade's business sector. The business community' Isn't pulling Its welght with community con- tributions as well as It. did five years ago. It Isn't doing as well even as•,gov- eroment and some communities. ;' Data compiled by Greater Miami Unit- ed .make the point emphatically. Busi- ness contributions In Dade last year ,were lower than In 1978, even after ad - lusting for Inflation and population changes. Business contributions have not kept pace with Federal assistance, al- though the Government reduced funding' levels, As Chamber chairman David Woilard puts It; "hiy Impression is that our corporate responsibility Is a mite deep and a yard wide." Well said. It's not that Dade businesses aren't giving, They are. Nothing demonstrates that better than the $6.9 million that Dade businesses contributed toward re- vitalization of Liberty City last year. But the contributions come from 'too few businesses. Of thousands of businesses in Dade, relativgly few take seriously .their re- sponsibility for the overall health of the community. Too many do nothing, forc- Ing too few others to carry the entire load. If the perception exists that down- town hiiaml corporate Interests doml- nate activity, that may be because many of them are so active. Others must be en- couraged to participate. The hilaniC; based firm whose clients primarily'are foreign nationals has -as much stake -in Dade's well-being as the firm whose customers are local. it Is time now to end the free ride. The strategy suggested by a Chamber com- mittee to use peer pressure and publicity is sound. The entire community should know which firms are doing their share and which aren't. . I If that policy stings the non -giver,. then so be It. The non -giver's Inaction hurts the community even more. Go cli �;.reater Miami United to get relations award Ily PAUL ANDERSON ..mild stall tt'rittr A trl-ethnic coalition of Dade civic and business leaders that was formed In the wake of the Liberty City riots will receive a prestigious award next month recognizing Its efforts to Improve human relations, it was announced Thursday. Greater Miami United, which was organized In May 1981. Is the. rrclplent of the 1983 Leonard L. Abess Human Relations Award, presented annually by the Florida regional board of the Anti -Defama- tion League of Wnat RYith. The award will be presented Feb. 6 at a luncheon on Miaod Ileach. "Through this year's award we are recognizing Greater Miami Untied's Important service to our community as A vehicle ... which has sought to reduce community tensions though the lair -minded resolution of some of our area's most difficult community relations :issues;' said Allan Margolls, chair - .titan of the fl'nat R'rith ban-' "In particular, we .-"Jgnize ;Greater Miaml United's effective work on the Issue of Immigration ;pulley reform and its efforts to re - ;duce the negative Impact of the :New Federalism's budget cuts on the social fabric of the community." ' On both those issues, coalition + task forces made In-depth studies of the problems, analyzed possible so- �lutions, prepared reports And ,offered recommendations to public officials to ease the fiscal And eco- nomic Impact of federal policy. Several times coalition task forces traveled to Washington, for example, to discuss Immigration "" form with officials In the Reagan Administrallon and Congress. At the same time. A committee was set up that regularly toured the Krome Avenue refugee camp to ensure that residents there were getting proper care. The group also monitored last year's reapportionment process. In which the stale Legislature drew nevr legislative and congressional districts. to guarantee adequate mi- nority representation. And It has re- cently become Involved In pushing the lagging community revitaliza- tion efforts In depressed neighbor- hoods like Liberty City. This week, In response to last month's disturbances in Overtown, Greater Miami United officials an- nounced a two -month, $10,000 study to check the progress of rede- velopment efforts and Insure better coordination between the public and private agencies Involved. "I'm really pleased with the award. It shows that we've really accomplished something In less than two years;" said Laurie Ras- kin, executive director of the coali• tion. The coalition was launched by three civic leaders who said they wanted to open a dialog between Mlami'a ethnic communities that might help avoid future racial Ewen, Mlaml-Dade Community ,true, The founders remain the co- College administrator Eduardo !'u- chairmen of Greater Miami United: dron and former Miami Comnils- Durdines chairman Richard W. Me- stoner Athalie Range_ W 0 The Miami Nevus - ' ` Thursday. May 5.1983 'Master plan' being prepared I "', The Metro -Dade government is setting out to produce a "master action plan" for social and economic development in the black community. Bur - dines chairman Richard McEwen told a meeting of =! the Greater Miami Cham- ber of Commerce yester- day that a "position paper would be ready �? within 90 days. covering "housing. education for work. economic develop- `'� " _ ,e meet and criminal -justice sensitivity." McEwen. co- McEwen chairman of Greater Miami United. said "the vital interests of the black com- munity" have not kept pace with those of the community at large. "A community divided into ethnic categories cannot prosper,** he said. As- sistant county manager Dewey Knight endorsed the study. saying the idea holds more promise than dusting off earlier proposals in the files. 83-921 I Thursday, May.12, 1983 The Miami Herald Section B Four 'panels to tackle made racial problems By SUSAN SACHS Herald Staff Wtiur After a pep talk from the county manager and a round of official pic- ture -taking, the members of four new - citizens committees set out Wednesday to accomplish what one official called "an impossible dream that is possible" -- solving the problems of Dade's blacks. The project is a creation of Metro Mayor Steve Clark. Greater Miami United. Metro -Dade government. Dade School Board officials and four local colleges and universities Its goal is to create a master plan for rearranging existing services or developing new programs to "bring blacks into the economic main- stream." said County Manager Mer- rett Stierheim. "We've got a great many public •.and private institutions already in- volved in addressing these prob- lems." be told the newly appointed committee memberL "But there is no plan- I don't think anyone can say what the goals are." The committees will study prob- lems in housing, education. econom- ic development and the criminal justice system. They will meet at least once a week at Miami -Dade Community College's New World campus and will hold at least two joint public hearings later this month. according to Metro's direc- tor of black affairs. Marcia Saun- ders. .Each committee ultimately will produce recommendations for spe- ci is actions and suggestions on where to find the money to support them. she said. The Metro Commis- sion has given the project $70.500 to pay the university professors who will lead each committee, can- suitants fees and ofrice expenses The following is a list of the com- mittees and their members: erioniw lvaties commitser: Martell Smlltt Whittington Minna+ and Gam Alort of Me Uri« varsity of Miami: Carotm E RAM MiambDede Chombee a : Mi1te mfrmllefs direo tar FrW Cra.Aortl: MrrrsDode Police Dever* feint Direenlr Bobby Jana: Ops•lac>A Poleat Chief Rabort Ingram; Drde+NatM Criminal Jove. do Cmmdl OeracnW Jettrey Sllbert: Jae Ihgre• haft dorrc*o of the Miami Polio Devermtettt's Ohio of Pl ON11WAI Cmrohanat Evehna Bastrriaet of the New Hortrom Cunrnw %ft Mental Health Center: amor WV Charms Mays; Wivist Geargis Ayers: South Dade Polio Aovisory Council Herimm Ammons: st1► dent Kirt yeaby. tamer Lester Miami Mien► ber of Com"MIX Prrm6mi Willem Colsdn: tor- ener. staleSan. Robert McKnight: and William At- kins of the Theodore 6lbsrn inslitute for Sooal change. Hemp., cammiltw: Ower DeShiNdL Nadine Drew and Julius Thompson at Flories Memorul collage` aCJbeaefanf Ronald ef ld Sellers. MR•s "Wt. I"Oerictor Mel Adams: Miami HQVWroq DreCW is"rwewa; Georps Mevburn of Non+t and Namne Inc.. at Pat Mellersat: Evtolee Frasier. Tenants Education Association director: Wiswilt Ann Mart Adler: Kenneth Belief. New Horitaa raAh Crime Prevention program. end buelarr Hank Greene. Jobhaewy and eduction ommOl e: Sharon Tho real. Jaw Aleseou and Kathy Morris of Meam. Dace UR I" re Collage Fund dttKial Darafht Bake: Metro ,raining dr noor Woltemena Tribble: Tony Oieda ol the county managers Omits. solvist Thelms Gibson. George Ellis at toe mineslersday►► m's conimlt• lee; Schsof Board omicials Paul Bell and Edole Pearson: parents cow"m net loader Palrids Shoos Marlon. tarmisr U RYirman of the Delalonle- TACOtCY Center: Lila" City rrudant Miiton Shaw: Michael Grimry, erector of the Prwale In- ouslry Council: Robe Relief of Southeast Bank; and Dwolhy weaver of the league of women Vol- 4k. EconemK dewelsomin" commWer: Darrel Hunt and Tau Eisner ol Florida Inrerastional Unoverse• ty; Arthur Brooms. Mums Door Chamber of Can► maQ: Dean Taylor. assislanl Metro comnw+Ay and economic oreelopnent dieftlar: Assistant Muemi City Manage+ Nero sail_.: Business Ali. setlanicr Ceww oireelar Newell Dough"; arch► Its, Ronald Freser; Joe Wilson, Over"iwa Eco, onion Omiati ent Cary.; Ne.barl Graven, Door Emoloww"I and Ecarsanie OevelopneM Corp.; Mid oevtiopar Charles sabdacit. 83-921 us day. April 14. 1983 . �- - A -Master Plan For Liberty , -In the aftermath of the Overtown disturbance, another citizen's committee has been formed. It is like a broken record whose sound instead of soothing the savage'beast; grates on the nerves and irritates the sensibilities. - After every disturbance and during the Iulls between them, the bureaucratic response has �. been to empanel a group of highly visible citizens to go through the motions of doing something until The heat is oft Then the Tesults of their work are City than a passing glance and hasty dismissal. For -the rust time the county has taken the leadership on issues that relate to Dade County's blacks: t does not mattes• why, this is being done. It only matters that it be done We shotild hold the coun- ty's feet to the fire on this one. It took them a long time to arrive at this point and if they are let off the hook- its not telling bow long itwill be before its revisited again. piled on a shelf to gather dust. We. paid a consultant a considerable sum to do Mayor Steve Clark and Maurice Ferre have The Janus Report The office of Black Affairs has each created community panels to respond to the done conferences on the Blueprint for the 80's and crises that beset the black community. Perhaps others too numerous to mention have all dealt ' their motives are pure and maybe this time they ' with the problems in a fragmented manner. None for develop really mean the things they are saying. The black of their could be called a Master plan - community however views their actions with a went of 7Dade's black areas. A master plan is high degree of skeptics m- They have been burned needed that rust takes into consideration the .-once too often. - , - recommendations postulated in • these earlier • Mayor Ferre and Mayor Clark are both cogni- i its anld dimplements adiately the things zant of theimportance of bringing the black com• -the paster ave been done ago. The lan must also order the nature and* rate .,ofowes munity. into economic mainstream. Ferre Ws re-election to black voters and. hark growth and development; it must phase in the faces re-election is 1984. iris major opponent will be Comri,;ccioner Ruth Shack_ Bemuse political needed infrastructure that makes a coinmunit} viable. It must allocate appropriate funds for con - considerations are such a vital if hidden part of this desire to insure economic viability for black, ��g services in the areas being addressed. A piaster pica must not aim merely for equal the skepticism and distrust are well-founded. treatment, it must provide for more than equal to the deficits If the mavor and the County Commission want treatment avercome .of past to truly get the black community's attention, they neglect - s should pass an ordinance that insures that proper financial resources bee "A Master plan must be made with the people • for the Mayor Clark Dick will allocated each year to and not people. and be spent in the black community over the next 5 McEwen of Greater Miami United have taken years with options for renewal every five years point positions on this matter. -'• thereafter until the black community takes on a - The jury is still out on this issue, but we urge new image. Clarke and Shack to put away political games on This -week, Mayor Clark unveiled a process this very serious issue and give it the deliberate whereby the universities, the private sector, com- consideration it warrants. Neithet of them will munity based -organizations and common every- -look good to blacks -if nothing comes of this day citizens would come together to create a ..already late effort to address the needs of Dade master plan for the development, revitalization County's black citizens. and general enhancement of the black com• A Master plan is needed, this could be the begin. munities of Dade County, not just Liberty.-Oilyor ning. The commissioners can make it happen a Overtown: they put away their posturing and profiling long Perhaps, this particular endeavor rates more- enough to do something positive_ 83ft"J21, N i Clark's MaS,.,z,,er­P1a'n GeL�'s-Greerll Ught Despite reporU that tbere'• 7be proposed studs wM rely thee months. When It is cam- of the sty cvmfn;onrss vv-sld be opposition to XUyor on the assstaoce of local mi- plete an assee--ibly ci Pao- JMcEV= said- -. .Str%T Carr; faster pUM to •legesand uaiversitiesthat u-iil ple, including grassroots aid Dads County's black Coto- ' 8P form groups to address I©dere, zommunity or;AMIZ:- ' muaities, tbge wasn�t a ::z -larob3eaa m the low areas of Lions and busia—e�, � f _ f Z'he== ' coaimisslnn'mW�-racammma actioa� review the plan and approve It _ f unanimously-• approved ,sel ��._and ."- �:: ...`. �' _ Cark's request Sor4m.L= rta ,= - :::�".:`• ` E przpare the p:aa 7be plan acb-cL the four groupis � _ . 2 theme 3s aRroced, It 'Center o0 fom areas of can- be led by threeamivessity pro- f""m` t7saiiwillappo➢.nt5ve .� be taed as a guide for camty 1mex t:A, btisness cem, indoding education, baud=&' The eri=i. lal jwtce of the seven members for each and the overall cscamuaity to system and new .black �p and lCo� ''anal aiding the black coz=unibm bu=oess enterprises Isde�eti 5tierneim and the Greater Chamber of ' Richard ?�tE�vea. board Last week, con+m�Riaxss a -inU Cammeste zvi•11 belaet two of chairman a! Bu:dines and a Roth Shack wad Barbara the roembeTi 'co-cbairman of Greater Carey indicated that they llriami Ltmtest tszged the coon- ; were Moot pleased with the • AtthemeetirS.spesiersad- raissiaa to mry the plan plan. 7bey !eared that the dressed the co__j onabout- through. the l-etro govern - money would cot t>enerit 1 e nerd for grassrooitblecks mesL • .: - • 'fade`s black coiamunities-W -be directly iuvolt-e+d.•ia .. McEwen said the_ j:�ide�s • - and that it could be a duplica- •developiaa the actual plea. ' munidpaLties are tog- t n. • boa •zt studies lbat nave.. went tDis=j+lement the plan. atrraay cvoducted.i . Clark said that�he lntesias tor. Fle also pointed alit that the 'But at —Tuesday's* l�detro aFpoint a najcwity of blacks to' coantycaa`t depend on federal Commis.Bon =eetirg, the vote the committee, and Said that or state Emvr mints to do the was i-0 in favor cd the • =as e r • the proposal was a 6emoastra- acbon plan." Carry could not Lion of his long-stand`ag com- 'blot Tbe jL-me-'nbly will deter - be reached for.cotament wad mitment to blaclm; a Ruth ��� Ruth S;zatic did file Ya mine bow the plan Rtli be im- not attend plemeated and obo will be is meeting because she was The plan is expre W to be charge of sedng that the plan baspaalired. Completed "within the Seri is follawed, with the approval 83_921 Wt dnesday, March 9. 1983 a i' r� �• TR.• ' II The IVliami Herald 'urored to 'Dade businesses, By DAN FESPERMAN Ihr,dd businu Whit when It comes to spending money- on Dade county's well being, the business community Isn't pulling Its weight at well as It did five yeara ago, according to statistics compiled by Greater htlantl i United. For that matter, the statistics say, even the spending of the budbet•eu►ting federal government hasn't clacked off as sharply as that of Dade businesses. Figures also Indicate that corporate giving in the hilaml area comes up short when.stocked ♦galnst that of a comps- table Sunbelt city such as Atlanta. Those findings were presented Tues- day morning at a breakfast seminar on corporate responsibility, aponsored by the Greater Miami Chamber of Cam- mercy. Greater 4ilaml Unittd, which provld- std tho statistics, 1: a private organize• lion with a membership Including tom@ munity leaders from a .wide range of ,ethnic backgrounds. The -group, flasneed largely by bual- nese contribution,, ws, formed nearly two year: ago to tackle commOnlly problems :uch as racial unrest, poverty, crime and drug trafficking. Alvah Chapman, chairman of hilaml- based 'Knight-Rtdder Newspapers inc.. presented the organlzatlon's dots and sold that, over the past feve year:, "The major shortfall (Iq spendingl Is iq the prival0 sector;' The ,hortiall has occurred despite the buI&M community's contribution of $8.0 million last year to an economic re- vitalization program Ip northwest hil- am1's Llbeny City neighborhood. ' in raw numbers, •DAde's business community', contribution to eherttable organizations and civic efforts lo the county amounted to about $23.6 million In fiscal 1978•79,' and'$32.; mlilloq In Ilical1952•03. ' But alter being adjusted for Inflation Ind population Increases, the business community's contribution per resident comes out to $15 In 197a.79► and drops to II I for 1982.83, a decrease of 2*7'per cent. ' The Ittiersi :government's estimated per cspfts contributions to the•county, after adjustments for Inflation, dropped from the 1078.70 level of 1509 to the 1982.83 level of $CBS, a decrease of only , 8.9 per cent. , And, per•eaplta figures for county and state tax contributions actually In• . creysed during Ilse same petlod, even more after adjustments for Inflation: Chapman and other speakers laid that the business community's shortfall has come about because too many bvslnesa• es simply aren't conulbgting. David Wollard, chairman 'of the Greater hilaml Chamber of Commerce, executiveand &a outh- eat Bank.said. " Miami's MY Impression Ss that our corporate respoaetbllity Is' a m113 deep lad a yard w14e. Now In the heck can we begla to convince those comps- nits — who. from my point of view, are Setting a free ride- — to get on board Ind help us carry this load." - Andrew $later, ehalrman of Champs - on International Corp.. the paper prod- ucts firm bated la Stamford, Conn., had a guggestion for how hilamt •business please sum to GIVING/6G 0 As 0 �Omt. E""c�vC.-SEC>a'o a`oYm a v�..a�v=.=moo Y as — _ � S. a es •a Y .o a ... Eh e 2 Ell ti w OD r� •� N JJ ' � 6 3 '� E O a! O CL Y y # V C — A 5 a Y YO - y o a < ou> �...-oF a �eoeE. u uQ �oa<3 a_m Y s a C 9 OHO = .Y+ a. ou�3abe oi:a,Wit. 83-921 4 0 "7 L � O Z L� Q�! y GL Y `•• q n H• uGGGEC�C3 J. r `r V UO Y O V1 Y� m O C O N y G u C y d p -� 8 a L •Tr A Aj Y Gi Y v y At Y Y 'O y d as "" e0 yot all ' A > A .".'r a r6 J 'y7 a 'A ~ V 10 > � =0,F tYe a�a cbGEa�L7 s� s�9a ej a s i a+• 3 'n u o A '- 3H7 y a2.1. tn 83-9' 4 0 yyr ems `, v� a ae t ii v Q C C NOC'�w4. 7'n Q•CJ�OCO yO .`r Y yt y ���•� a3— E o y V Z 7 s me Q Y G 0 7 m N E d Y .0 •a SrE •iatim'o'�`'et�.�o �o_nera,o sa�p�.oC. =QE e�7rivasae C Y Ct: s G— Q I no „ Q o y Y N V 7 �° L 7 E,, � e0 tq T• Y m 0 i Y 7 C -16 83-J�1. cIE iI va,C)n -Cs r 0- a Cr­3 Lis LYDN Ylr..ifl�OwVf .'ice �i i''•a is?;� f -• .� -L� �• ^f�_'1:3r�� P`.a�� 2e�!:��[ tit - � .insist-.g �a1 a -ph �b`.au3 and Hisa.anics �abbor- urrestlietrd rm Sc^_tim: SuMoec Sri. -tea Pjch:_rd- 'Gt': Mc�ii•en ss�: Est=?�r.�i-zr�'ba�riess:rrza'hre� "`pusiinr yejy much- for pa-vupe of r_a lmrrsiFat)on bill• in 'Comb rs &-sl wlbo Liri beta) E]•itai Ft -� V•_ s - a '2'• ��— • led a'r:ne) dis: a sioo V*_ r, day af a Carib- e— a :%- anon Po1it-y Lotiierrac.z 10'7. -arsi. told pa.-t.id�•�--nts L:at is 1p3�,..r'1o�di v.•�s 1.3:iab t 2Y:�cg IiOID unr[�s:alrE? trot z bad ran la: the wav it x Ls t`-dle -t =-_=- :Ter_ 6onJc;_' = }held d L`re Hyetl 7;rceoey•Fiotel. c=a5 sf-+oncor by%Gtorgeicxq -C vc.-siry amd Its Cem-. trsioLSt;ategic�dL-.L tioca7 St^tidieC It gave -rlo- rid?snsm-eAScs.aOema :.L_�xlotellti'rsiiagtcm-b paztdpants tba2 the S.stt s ecoaoa5c cad so.-3al fabric 1s slaU freeed is i resalt'43 u :.-rstrict� iam:g: a5oa. l.ScF.cven caned the dz age "temro:sry"_ snd',s�id' tll•at "wen eome-'b_-_:Y and be on our way- prodded theseis ao•rer tftion ofShe 1Suidboatlilt -._ MCE—Wen said teat Gre-eter l riani Unitr3, an o. 4 zx - ration of blaci;-Whitt 'end Tnsf-aas 3e 'b_:cn aessm. Cants the Frtion bill p ss-nd -s coon rspossSbl_'Tbeproposil has b_•_m sdoptrd by the Senate and is sclieiu3e4 for dehate in the licrase Satctr- day. - ---- -- -- _- - The stersure, sponsored by.Sea. Alan Simpson (R- Wyo.) and Rep. Ro=ano ::-soli (I?-Ky.) c onWns pro- %i6ons for Tines and prison terms for employers who 1•.no*-%•icgly hue illegal aliene Supporters contend thst, the p_aariies %%U belp e=piV mear)y 2 million Ameri cans wbo they say `avebr-.o d7urplaced by i=:rjt,-anti-. ' CriSes nay that restjictions rucb as one that IN -ems for6go studeatsto return in tbeir homelands after they complete their wort maypam a threat to the students'_ human rigbtz=t- �, a= +- •.,. -.+ . ti The biggest prob}em Is that %-L-n_--_ ly aJ the people fntrr,ested in the blU are 272iast•it.- claimed roger Conner. ezecut)ve director of the Fede..Uon for l meri- c x lmntig-.ation Reform Caaner raid the bill )s needed be -.Buse -one•of the priadpal bk-xriers to r: �Sration has b-_n lowered — kaowiedge_ -f,-- He said that refugees ubolzave been here for.tiaxxy yr_rs know rsberethe loopholes i:re In the lmmtigration Laws end pass `!. at irlor-..:_anon to friends mad relatives wbo v ar:t In eater tb-United Stag -i- - . If refugees rre aliowed to cortiaue to eattr this country at present levels, Conner slid. the price that business.pay-s for labor uiU drop and more Americans Will be displaced. He t.a.imed that displacement already is cWS'.iag the federal Fm•cr=ent Uctwe•ca 'S billion and .IE hil:ioa is u:empio}went b_me,its for Amen - David Pin t - i 1' " '' � . • Bret, the scale's coordinator for refugee affairs, Bald Florida *agrees that the b1U should be Passed into law. But be added that Florida also wants enforcement of immig^tion laws already on the books. The State, be Slid. is still bristling Srora the lack of fed- eral help in deal)nrtis:th rtfuae= In 1920 zad 1991. -' Florida had to come up witb =0 million to f and a federal governmezit mi.stake,-.be said, referrinr to the Came-r z6ministraLion's initial decision to let all of the Tdariel refugees into the United States .Tease Kukpatricl; the US ambassador to the Un1t- ed Nations. agreed that immipat.ion is mot a problem that is regional in Scapt Sprikinz to a luncheon audi- enee-' she raid. --We have a solemn obliratioo to take srriousty the mncerus'of our fenow dtizeas srtost di. rCCtiy affecsrd by the policies of the gover nsnent Sbe said there should also be a focus on the motiva- tions of the au'l k= of people who desire to reOlpmu to the United Stairs. Besides the politics] motititstieras caused by oppres- sive regimes in their bomelandsrrforecs also art at- trotptinj to boost their rumduds of L'oor,. ©aierzaoe participants said. Brut the tradcaey to draw parallels be-wera itami- Srativa treads and the ReAram aL-3fnisastioa't C.ariD- bean Basin Initiative (CB1) -bothered- DieFo Aeeadq asd.st sal arvetary of state for consular of fat %z -'I %would say Mil lbe econo--jr development proe- exs Itself promotes o :rszsr cl#-,s: $.0 Astado. a lo-mtr US. aatt>assat:r: to Cole-r.bia -11?at Lappras to Ltie rmaomic orvelooment pros. �% It that %'Ou era r, pr9ple to v.'ork to a moacr-1 sDOery tad then thry )aoi across the lorner and thry ss)'. 'iie)•! 1 can Fri uFLt Bats as mueh for Coinf over there for a hat rm Caar my hero" _ . 'Yon Frt l,cople who err dojoF faith• wrIl Q'j.�921 U'hcre Ihry arc-- he tied. "T•1.1% Ic act of tl,r curious Uu p!•�+.+mraa �.•r'tr t"c faioG.- �J J.-S; - policy means )ice spending CULL n Dade%s.tudy. says LANE-DAI;IJHE T)? •1 _ ._ . _ -mid src-t Wra".. 5gairicant. decreases- in 'federal 'spending for ictinal jusdca.• rapid:tnnsiC refugee aid, public usi n s. e=pioyu=L and- trai ni a g, asuf services for _'dren•aad•tye elderly will :e the impact of -New -!eralism is Dade Counts....: : Thst was the condusiba of•a three-month study it Greater NEa.-ai United released Wednesday. The vrt, the work of an influential task force of local siness and government leaders, a;-empted to as- s the commu.•titywide impact of President Rea- a's major policy shift in federal spendiag. At a press conference unveiling their report. task .e co-chairmen Alvin Guilford and Larry links re- itedly declined to soeculate about the social impli- :ans or human ir.?,Ct of rhea.^ ;indi"vs. 'Greater `.tin:-i Liaised is not :-vin; to ai•oid tall-. ;osltlons an the implications -lot .the budget •links said.•'3ut in this :eport. we've simply. . •d tooffC L'te•puMc•some•accountsng of•whaCs':? Pfecse turn tb FU\DS / 68 -iI RMt tLIE�'ALiJ 4L Impact of New Federalism in Dade County (Federal dollars to Dade — in millionsl . 3rMENT 'RAINING .. ' 3 , REFUGEES. ANOENTRANTS 595 SOCIAL. SERVICES s5a• S55. , EDUCATION ram_ 71; •tie - S45 S33= c S23 �. CALMINAL S10 tisTiCE 53S2 0 :. IC- o i s0 C n.a:- ao-at•u• -ao-at-a2. aa-at-a2- tip-at_a2- • t2 to al 82 03 al 12 83 at 112 t1 tit a2 a3 47 33 figtxes are tentative prolections. ; ;ht Invease ar•:outed to population growth offsetting cuts. a R e P Q r catalogs impact. of spending;.cuts in Dade FUNDS/From IB _ �• Healtb planning funds, ma bap pemin g.' allocated to the Health Syr. Guilford speculated that• people Agency (HSA). decreased by 39 who lose services in one area, par- cent :Tam 1980 to 1982. No fed titularly in titnes of Sigh unemploy- money is budgeted for health p meat. may "become a burden in an- rang in-1982-93. a loss of 30 other area," teat of Lye HSA budget He mentioned public-healthNew der• Federalism is defined L vices and increased crime as possi- 64-page "prelude- to the task fc "a ble resuits of federal cuts- In terse report as major component the Reagan Adminimation's prose and printed tables. Greater Miami United reported that: p for economic recovery (whichl ai • Impact aid for refugees and to decrease the federal deficit by during growth in federal speadi: entrants in Dade dwindled from $39 This will partially be accomplisl million is 1931-82 to 531 million is by having lodhidual states 1932- • Federal funding for local edu- a localn governments take on respo cation will decline by 27 per cent .bilities now borne by L`te fede: during i982 includin, c•jts of 55 per �overameaL" Guii:erd, former director of t cent is Impact Aid fund, 27 per teat is biiingual education and 36 'governments �fiarai iWay, sa per cent under care Emergency local localwilbecaland the pawn and School Aid AeL sector will he called upon to me • Federal support for criminal steadily increasing de.^ands for se "It justice will be eliminated. Under :he vices. is apparent that they car Law Enforcement assistance Ad- afford to do that" he said. "What we didn't do iti this ministration, funding was cut from r port," inks said. "is make a set S3.3•millioa in 1980-81 to S1.8 mil- c lion in 1981-82. Sweeping recnmmendations a what changes should be made i funding, federal or local, in LSes • Elderly services, Lhe Commu="_areas." airy Action, Agency that operates 16 links is vice president for new! Dade neighborhood centers in im- metro group of Knight-Ridde poverished areas, day care for chil. Newspapers inc- The Herald's or-, dreg and nutrition programs for ent company. Guilford is corporat children and the elderly also suf- personnel director for Ryder Sys fered major cuts.- • Capital projects including C uliford said the object of the re - rapid transit, water and sewer con. port is to "generate discussion, bu! structio•t and public housing ae- I hopefully bring everybody back tc counted for approximately S250 the same sheet of music" million in federal funds in both Lurie Raskin, executive director 1980-81 and' 1231-82. or 25 per cent of Greater Miami United. said the 1-will of all federal dollars spent here. often gloomy 23-page assessment, Significant decreases are exeected be widely circulated in an ef- •arith no new money for public fort to locus tom aunit-y response to housing and decreased support for the loss of federal funds. amass transit. - Greater Miiami United is a private organization that includes many of t • Social -service funding avail-' Dade's black, Latin aad poa-Latin -white able to Dade residents remained vir-' leaders It was formed :a tually uricbanged despite significant i May 1991 to confront racial unrest, population grow-tb that "represents poverty, crime, refugees and'drug a redaction in services available to trafflcidng. It is Ranted largely by cents." private business marributions. : • Public -health funding grew 3 The report's introduction by co - per cent. but "critical areas" bf the chairmen Guilford and rinks recom- Children's Medical Services pro- mends that the =uo assume "a gTam and the Maternal and Child leadership rote in' comrunity ef• Health Program wer: art 5 and 1 forts to see that Dade Couary's. per teat. respectively. _ needs are appropriately presented • Employ -meat and trainin to state officials and legislators." funds were reduced drastica[14 Rasan said that ace concern that from S63 million in 1980-81 to S2� surfaced during the research for the million in 1981-82 to a projectee report is that rehrgees will be SIO million in 1932-83. thrown into competition with cti- zens seeUng social services. She • called that "a big concern of the so- ' cial-serrlice providers_" • 'Greater Miami United's steering =atmittee adopted L•.e report at a acaa meeting closed to the public - Guilford said it was designed "ter benefit the commuzury is plaaain3 Ind 3avocacy." In what could be a mal_:v aontro- ����� VP.,':..cl1. Clove, tj e far.^..:� comrrit. tc , that N V-7 - - -4 r- Monday, August 1, 1983 The Miami Herald Section B schools hope small classes are bid helD By MARK SILVA He.mldStay Wnter . CLASSES/From I Gwendolyn Hudson, a teacher at schools: the School Board is cutting Phyllis ''heatiev Elementary most classes in the 24. School, works against the odds of The plan has great promise of im- the inner city on the outskirts of proving children's achievement, ed- Overtown. ucators say. But it also has inherent The odds are improving. problems. they concede. Last year, 35 children were The foremost problem is the crowded into Hudson's fourth- physical reality of attempting to cut grade class. This year. she is prom- class sizes in schools that already ised a class of only 15. are full. There aren't enough rooms "That. more than likely, will ben- in most schools to provide separate eft the students. 'she predicts. limited to 15 students. - "With a smaller class. I'll have classes The solution: in most cases. two more time to be with each student." classes to a classroom. Each teach - Hudson is among the hundreds of er. while responsible for only 15 Dade teachers involved this fall in a students, will have to share the far-reaching and ambitious attempt room with another teacher who has at reforming remedial education in 15 students. The School Board is the elementary schools. Wheatley is buying partitions to divide the one of 106 elementary schools classrooms, one section for each of where the reform, in one form or the 15-student classes. another, will take place. •Trn willing to try it." says Hud. For about 20,000 students in "At first, it really didn't appeal these schools — schools with many son. to me. because i couldn't see -two poor children who often score low teachers being in the same room. on achievement tests — this will especially it the room isn't big mean dramatically smaller classes. enough. It would be different if In four low-income schools every this were happenings in a school class will be limited to 15 students. designed for that." In another .0 predominantly inner• yes. it would be different, says city schools, most classes will be Paul Bell. Dade's associate superin- limited to 15. And in another 82 ele• tendent for the bureau of education. mentaries across Dade. the lowest- recognizing the potential problem achieving students will attend simi- with the plan. but confident that far small classes. they can be overcome.I'll These classes will be much small- we're ever going to signifi- er than typical elementary classes. cantle reduce class size. you can't In Dade's 178 elementaries last wait until the space is available." he year. the early grades averaged 24 says, "We take that as a given and students to a room: the upper say that's a problem that we'll have grades (four through six) averaged to deal with." 30.31 and 32. This is how the plan will take And in the upper grades It's not shape when school opens: unusual for an elementary class- a In four elementaries. all class- room to have several more students es will be limited to 15 students. than the county average. These are largely black and Hispan- Along with smaller class sizes, ic, schools where more than 95 per the new special classrooms will fea• cent of students receive lunch free tun intensified lessons in the bas- or at reduced prices. its: reading, writing and arithmetic. This is, essentially, a frontal as- These are schools where most sault on one of the most elusive children score poorly on the Stan - problems in Dade's public schools: ford Achievement Test. Their bridging what educators have scores hover around the 30th per - termed "the achievement gap" be• centile — which means that 70 per tween low-income and wealthier cent of the nation's schoolchildren children. are doing better on this test of read - It also approaches a proposal that ing and math -than are the students planners involved with the nets• at these Dade schools f.'etrn M:3ml Action Plan (NIMAP) • The schools aro llvertoWn'< f r emnractc as a worthy eCLc--- t', neat!?V. inn?•-c•­, MW'nni'S `.t173- 1:cnal Worm. The MMAP suppora c:.:::no the sue of all classes in 24 83-921. Monday., March 282_1983 . - ;Tbe Miami Herald k. fill, '.By SUSAN SACHS Mayor Steve Clark wants the Metro Ce:atriicsion to put county money and rXf behind what he calls a "mester plan for social and erconornic development for the black community:' -• The idea was bo: a in Jan;:zry. a _ - few weeks sifter a white polio- -.man -killed *a blacl- -youth and Ove.-town • erupted •:in. •violence. • per; !From 1B- +: Raa.mi Aisvor Maurice Terre had accused • , Metro of neglecting Dade's black comanunities Clark reacted angrily and defensively - We've done plenty, he declared. and we'll do more. . Now. two months .after -he ' began talking about blacks' prob- Iems with the chic group Greater t.ia••a] United. the Metro mavor hzs eor..:aitted the cz :ty to the loftiest of Foals- 'There's never b-en anything j L-i:e it develoMd with this much final master plan and strategy. '•Cl xi; says be soon -Kill ask the Metro Commission to approve S70,- 500 in funding for the task forces Most of the money is to pay three university pEnicpants on eacb of the groups Those'from I1::z:ru-Dade Con. -nu nity College. for.eo:ample;.would be—. relieved of some of their normal du- ties.to work on the task forces and would need to be compensated. ac- cording to J.f-DCC president Robert u.�epth . p-rt+c3, ztaon. ' t.arr ' .—..aster plan to develop z positive .propmrn - f cruz!:. what Clark now has is a plan for crezLizg a plan.- ) : he is ec — do eioped by local l cczdem;cs -- is -to put university professors in charge of four task' forces Fseb would concentrate on one of four issues: educaGoa iad training for jobs; economic devel- opment and employment; housing: zsd increasing the c'imiwJ-justice system's sensitivity to blacks! needs . .Tbe srfoups would work for 60 days. collecting information about i existing programs and soliciting (proposals from busioe:=eo and tpoliticsa* . from black activisu land feeders, and tram srademics 'and gove=rneat bureaucrats- - The task forces would produce •positiaa papers. on long-. and ort-range solutions, po5cy changes. legislation or programs relating to their issue. Those pa- . pars would be ,combined into i- &Ingle "blueprint- document for ,public refiew. 1 Fitualty. la a two-day ulk lest. same =0 :community leaders- would dissect and discuss the McCabe. . - trt'bile the universities would take the lead in put.4ng together the po- sition papers. it is Clark who would be is ul;i:aste control of the mas-; ter -plan process. He bas already- named its "co-. chairman," Burdines president and Greater Miami -United co-chairman Richard McEwm He also has re- served -for himself the power to ap- point five of the seven non -universi- ty members of.the izsk forces _. *Tve got.to show personal input and attention.tq a situation Zile this if it's going to germinate properly : and turn into a reality." Clark says. . 'l Can't just turn it over to a com. mittee_" His leadership in a subject so vol. able c2rsies greet political risk. but t-has the potential for bringing Clark . . even greater poLtica: rewards. The risk -- significant because Clerk faces a tough reelection cam. .-paign in 1984 —.is that black voters . may shrug all the "master plan" as just another est;pty, promise from f, Wte officials f"We don't tiant.ihe black com- 'urnentisr. it U bope4 eadome a i : • Please aunt io PLAN cis - Section B •rivaity to say. 'here comes plan number six.' They don't want an- otbe: plan they think is drafted by so.aeone else." Clark says - At the same time. Clark would have the limelight to himself. Mei- tner his political opponents nor his fellow Metro commissioners may be zble to do anything but smilingly pledge public support 'V;'ho can fight a plzo like this?" , Cl:.rk asked with a grin. ' I 'wouldn't want to be on the opposite side of an issue of this n;ture." . Late Friday. Clark distributed to commissioners for the first time a draft of the task force proposal and i`s budget — "to rave each member iof t:se commission familiar with iw•hat I have been working on." . `So far. though. the planning :ocess has been a quiet. behind - he -scenes affair. Clark has attend. d mzny of the greetings at the neater M- mi U*cited offices. So ;'have County Kzzager Menett Stierheiut and two-meatbers of his stall. ' Other regula-•sw ere Dade School Superintendentr.eat:ard Britton and officials of University of Miami. t MiEmi-Dade Co=turiity College. Florida International University and Florida Me.-nori:l College. "Once the usk- forces are put to- gether for each areaw then there will be an opportunity Jar a tramendcus amount of community input," says t Philip Mann. director of community 4 services forthe University of Mizzal and one of the authors of the plan. -1 personally feel 1'm, going to be • involved in something %%ith pratti- + cal applications." he added. "It's not I just another academic exercise" 83-921L r The Miami News Thursday, January 20.1983 crake Lio, MHC-1n, 1, time is tEcko-Ing away There's a tendency for the community to yawn. stretch and fall back to sleep upon reading that another corr:mittee will be formed to grapple with the various social and economic conditions that isolate the black people of Dade County and deprive them of equal opportunity. But that temptation should be resisted for two reasons First, because the deprivation and isolation deepen daily, because the need to alter those conditions is too critical to the future of everyone who lives here to be ignored; second, this is as good an opportunity as there has ever been for throwing some of the best resources this community has to offer at the problem — if the : correct people get involved and if they approach the problem in the correct way. With a group known as Greater Miami United serving as the catalyst, the elected and appointed officials of Dade County and the City of Miami. working with offioials of other public bodies, have proposed a two-day conference of 150 to 200 community leaders: Their goal? To produce a "master plan for the social and economic needs of Dade County's black communities." It should take little time or study to determine what those needs are in terms of education, jobs, housing. business, banking. new construction, and to tally the full gamut of social and economic opportunities now closed to most blacks. To a great ea -tent. that's already been done. most recently in October of 1980 by the governor's citizens' committee that studied the causes of the Liberty City riot in that year. and by the report last year by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Instead of Dade's institutional leaders criticizing those reports as outdated znd useless, which they are not. those leaders should point out where corrections have been made and aariit where they have not. Obviously, all :he most penetrating. grating and dehumanizing flaws pinpointed in those reports still exist. and to deny that is to deny reality. What the delegates to the proposed community conference must do is not to list the problems everybody already knows exist, but to devise a comprehensive plan for dealing with them. And once the delegates do that. they must follow through and make sure the necessary corrective steps are taken in each of the particular fields that are addressed. A committee that lists the problems would be useless. A committee that lists the problems and formulates asnaster plan for dealing with them but stops there also would be useless Only a committee that develops a master plan grounded in reality and puts it into effect would have any value. For my such committee to work, it must be composed of the right membem the powerful and the powerless But most important. if the banking and development and construction and education and medical and legal interests — to name a few — are to have any practical effect on the committee. only the decision -makers need attend. In other words, if a bank is serious about helping solve community problems. it is essential that the president or chairman be a working member of the committee, and not the vice president in charge of public relations Over the years. Dade County has had an overabundance of leadership by surrogate. which is no leadership at all, and we are all paying the penalty because too many people passed the buck so to speak. Rzther than fall back- to sleep :._aia. as is would be easy to do. Dade Cnonvy needs to come alive and make the full and p-.rmanrrt c-Drrimitment necessarn• to finally make sure that al! people snare the opportunity to snare the w'c,lth, and to realize that If that doesn't happen everyone will pay a heavy price in a lot of ciiferent ways. 83-821. 4 f THE CHALLENGE OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN DADE COUNTY FINAL REPORT OP THE `i AFFORDABLE HOUSING TASK FORCE JULY, 1993 GREATER MIAMI UNITED MDCC-New World Center, 2302 300 Northeast 2nd Avenue Miami, Florida 33132 (305) 577-6851 . 83-94.1 4 THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING TAS: FORCE Wilfredo Gort Downtown '-liami Business Association Carl Palmer Southeast Bank Marren Blackmon Amerifirst Federal Ronald E. Frazier Ronald E. Frazier & Associates, P.A. T. J. Pappas Keyes Company Realtors Herschel Rosenthal Flagler Federal Charles Johnson Amerifirst Federal Leonard ',li l ler F & R Builders, Inc. William Oliver 0 & H Consultants Carlos Salman Salman Realty Ralph Warburton l!niversity of 'Miami This report has been prepared by Laurie A. Raskin, Executive Director of Greater '•1iami United; Warren Blackmon, 'Dice President of Amerifirst; and Alicia R.odriauez, Research Associate of Greater ."iami United. '^r. George J. Demas, Senior Planner, '+etro-Dade Planning Department provided in- valuable assistance with the basic research and statistical data contained in this report. 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.......................................................... Findings.............................................................. Recommendations....................................................... Housing Characteristics in Dade County ................................ Housing Assistance Programs ........................................... Housing Strategies.................................................... Social and Economic Implications ...................................... Sources............................................................... 1 I 5 B 17 23 29 31 93-901. 5 INTRODUCTION Dade County is confronted with a severe shortage of quality housing affordable to families and individuals of low to moderate income. Although federal, state and local legislation and a substantial amount of federal funds have been applied to the goal of decent housing for all Americans, Dade County and the cities within still have considerable areas of slum housing and neighborhoods in need of revitalization. %loreover, decent affordable housing is not only beyond the reach of low income persons; today it is beyond the reach of many middle class Americans as well. Over the years many dedicated individuals in the public and private sector have worked for solutions to the affordable housing problem. The Affordable Housing Task Force of GMU was established to study the current housing situation in our community and to suggest constructive and creative actions which will stimulate the development of more affordable housing. de hope the suggestions contained in this report will provide a broad policy framework: for many who join .is in seeking solutions. 83-921 4 FINIDINGS 1. The Miami area is among the 15 most expensive housing areas in the country. 2. The anticipated need for 19,000 housing units annually can be met by the existing construction industry in the Hiami area. 3. The cost of purchased housing for 1980 ranged from $72,622 to 577,502 for new and used condominiums and from $81,144 to 574,418 for new and used single family homes. The figures for 1982 show a dramatic increase in the price of new condominiums (73%), used condominiums (10.8%), new homes (270), and used homes (15.30/0). During this decade, a significant number of homes will be needed at prices far below todays average sale prices. 4. The cost of financing during the study period which ranged from 13 % to 18 0 has exacerbated the problem of high housing prices and affordable housing. 5. Potential home buyers with a median income of $15,691 cannot afford to purchase a median priced house which costs $57,200. Using a standard of afford- ability of 250 to 30% of income, families with the median income would have to pay 510 of their income to purchase the median priced house. 6. The low vacancy rate for rental housing in Miami recently reported at .8 of one percent is one major problem of area renters. The area vacancy rate is substantially lower than national vacancy rates in comparable communities. /.According to 1980 census figures 75% of renters with an income of $10,000 or less spend more than 300 of their income for rent. 3. Of those, 214,000 households, classified in need of housing assistance in 1978, 4550 were also members of minority groups and 15°0 were female headed households. 83-921: C 5 9. The demand and need for oublically assisted housing for indigent house- holds greatly exceed the supply of public housing available. 10. According to 1980 population statistics, 14.60 of the population is living below the poverty income level. These households account for 234,OCO persons. 11. According to 1980 census figures, 3.2e of owner -occupied and 16.8% of renter occupied housing units are overcrowded. 12. The influx of Cuban and Haitian refugees in 1980 added 120,000 persons to the number needing housing. This population has impacted the figures for those needing assisted or low cost rental housing, the rates of overcrowding and the number of substandard housing units. 13. Federal policy and support for traditional housing assistance programs are changing. Federal Funds which financed or subsidized housing construction and rehabilitation have been greatly diminished. 14. The Dade County Housing Finance Authority has sold two issuances of tax free bonds in the amount of $190 million. The first issuance produced 2814 loans using $123,033,657 of the issuance. The average amount of a mortgage financed was S45,498. Congress is currently determining whether to restrict or continue this type of financing. 15. Certain housing trends are already apparent as a result of industry adjustments. They incluae: - Smaller overall square footage under roof. Fewer luxury amenities. - Enclosed garages only in the most expensive models. Smaller lot sizes; more cluster arrangements with some common -wall elements. - higher proportion of condominiums in relation to single-family detached homes. - 'Much greater use of manufactured, modular components; increased acceptance of permanently anchored manufactured homes. - 'Much greater reliance upon the rehabilitation and continued use of existing housing. -3- 83-921. 4 # increased supply of rental housing, induced by incentives to make ;truction and ownership of rental housing feasible and attractive. ; speculation in housing for capital gains. '•!ore reliance on housing )wner-occupied shelter rather than as an investment for capital gains. )using is inextricably intertwined with family stability, crime, jobs, citizenship. It also has economic impacts on such industries as real Ilding supplies, home furnishings and appliances, insurance and housing iblic/private sector partnership strategies such as the neighborhood •vices model are being successfully implemented in many communities the country. -4- 83-921: 6 ECOMi VICATIONS elop and implement a partnership of state and local government sector interests to develop and implement methods and models ng public funds and related incentives with private funds to dable housing units. line the Public/Private Sector Partnership model to sponsor the and construction of housing in Dade County's revitalization horize the use of Community Development Block Grant funds for new riuu�1114 �Uf„ tIuction as well as for rehab. Appropriate and earmark additional federal funds for housing in accordance with local needs. 4. Allow owners of residential rental buildings the same investment tax credit for rehabilitation expenses as is now allowed owners of non-residential real estate. 5. Amend the laws governing investments by pension funds and insurance companies so as to encourage greater participation in the financing of housing needs. 6. Authorize an Individual Housing Account or Family Housing Account which will be a savings account following the IRA account design, and which will have the purpose of assisting people to accumulate equity for a hor^e ownership down payment. 7. Protect and preserve the deductibility for federal income tax purposes of interest paid by individuals on home mortgages. �. Continue to provide funding for public housing for those elderly, handicapped or unfortunate persons vihose resources permit no more independent solutions. -5- 83-821 0 9 Continue the use of tax-exempt housing revenue bonds as a means of q housing subsidies for low and moderate income 'lousing. VERIMMENT The Governor and the Legislature of the State of Florida, anticipating role under President Reagan's New Federalism in the provision of housing disadvantaged, should expeditiously review and plan actions which may be the state level to simplify and improve the housing delivery system. The State Housing Finance Agency should play a larger role in multi- rojects in targeted areas. A specific source of state revenge should be identified to insure d levels of funding for affordable housing programs. 3 LOCAL GOVERNMENT Enact statutes and ordinances which will encourage the development of ing construction techniques, including manufactured components, expand- ible designs, appropriate use of manufactured, fixed -based homes etc. 14. Revise the ad valorem tax system to make it more attractive to develop suitable vacant property and less attractive to hold it for future speculation. 15. Encourage self-help programs such as urban homesteading and owner built housing. LOCAL GOVERNMENT 16. Utilize tax -increment financing for the redevelopment of large tracts of residential/commercial property where high density multi -family uses offers opportunities for substantial increases in value. 17. Utilize tax abatements as an incentive to property owners to produce multi -family new construction and rehabilitation of existing units. IS. Continue the use of tsx-exempt revenue bonds to provide below -market funds for housing construction, purchase or rehab. 19. Revise building and zoning codes to encourage smaller, simpler homes; higher densities ,when feasible based on location and aesthetic factors, use of manufactured components and manufactured homes. -6- 83-921 i 4 Encouraae the Dade County Rental Housin(.I advisory 3oard to continue methods of reducing the cost of rental housing so that affordable its will be brought to market. Encourage and provide opportunities for small and minority contractors ;ipate in the production and rehabilitation of housing. Strengthen code enforcement and improve remedies for noncompliance ate housing rehab by owners and nonresident landlords. Review regulations and procedures regarding housing construction i, so as to reduce the home buyer's or homeowner's cost in complying A laws and regulations. Identify unneeded parcels of publicly -owned land and make available :ost housing development parcels which are suitable for residential tion. dI 83--921. 0 9 HOUSPIG CHA^;CTMZ?ISTICS The Miami Metropolitan area is one of the most active residential con- struction markets in the United States. The demand for housing units exceeds the rate of population increase, as household size continues to diminish and as the need for replacement units grow. The major housing problem in the "Miami area continues to be the high cost of housing - both rental and owner units. Un- fortunately, housing prices show few signs of letting up in the near future, making the solution to the problem difficult. HOUSING SUPPLY There were 665,382 housing units in Dade County, as of April 1, 1980, up from 453,903 units in 1970 (the projected number to 1990 is 374,000). This is an increase of 211,474 units or approximately 21,000 a year, about twice the average annual increase experienced in the 1960's (see Table 1). Table 1 HOUSING INVENTORY DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA Number of Change Average Annual Chance Year Units Numerica ercent Numerical ercent 1960 348,946 1970 453,908 104,962 30.1 10,496 2.66 1980 665,382 211,474 46.6 21,147 3.90 .)ource: U.S. "Bureau of the Census, ensus of Population and Housing: 1960, 1970, 198'0. The supply of housing for those requiring publicly assisted housing is approxi- 13,500 units of public housing administered by Dade County HUD and several en- titlement cities, as shown in Table 2. -c- 83-921 0 9 Table PUBLIC HOUSING Publicly Owned and Operated Privately Owned/Publicly Assisted Total Units Elderly Family Total Units Elderly Family HUD 11,000 4,393 6,607 4,000 n/a n/a Hialeah 810 560 250 887 n/a n/a Miami Beach 450 400 50 310 200 110 Homestead 592 - 592 40 17 23 Total 12,852 5,353 7,499 5,587 `Dote: These are the major housing assistance programs, primarily conventional public housing and Section 8 Rental Assistance. There are a number of other housing assistance programs with limited numbers of units. Source: Department of Housing and Urban Development, Hialeah Housing Authority, Miami Beach Housing Authority and Homestead Housing Authority. HOUSING COSTS High housing costs continue to be the major housing problem in Dade County. Purchase prices of single family homes reported by the Federal Home Loan -Bank Board in 1980 place the Miami area among the top 15 most expensive housing areas in the country. According to Appraisal and Real Estate Economic Associates, Inc., South Florida Report, the average price of a new fee -simple home in the first seven months of 1980 was $77,393, up from $49,721 in 1975 (see Table 3). Used homes were a little less expensive averaging S71, 833. Condominiums did not pro- vide the home buyer much relief either, averaging $70,907 for new units and S74,532 for used units. -9- 83-921, ri \J 13 Table 3 AVERAGE PRICE PAID FOR HOUSING UNITS iN THE '1IAMI SiMSA 1973 - 1980 Condominium Fee Simple Homes New Used `Jew Used 1973 S35,344 S381870 $37,227 1974 37,530 45,399 41,369 19 55 38,773 49,721 43,356 1976 39,601 50,182 45,283 1977 41,486 53,967 46,320 1978 $51,685 45,633 56,948 50,993 1979 64,032 55,319 67,563 59,412 1980 70,907 77,502 31,144 74,418 1981 39,180 36,392 100,531 78,666 19c^2* 125,373 85,371 103,166 S5,840 *Through April Source: The Area Report for South Florida, Appraisal and Real Estate Economics Associates, Inc. (Miami 1980). The Miami area is also a community of higher than average monthly rents House- holds priced out of homeownership must find shelter in the rental market. Reinhold P. 'Wolff, Economic Research Inc., reported average rents of $423 in November 1980, up 24.4 percent from $340 in November 1979. The average Fair '•larket Rent as of March 1931 for a one -bedroom unit in Dade County is approxi- mately S376 per month, S443 per month for 3 two -bedroom unit, and S511 per month for a three -bedroom unit. 'While rents are high in relation to renter income, the major problem facing renters is the low vacancy rate; presently reported at o.3 percent "November 1980) by the Reinhold P. !•Jolff organization. "Nationally rental vacancy rates for the -1C- 83-921. 0 S two years in question have been 5.0 percent �ahich is considered to be the minimum rate at which the reasonable ,mobility of the population is facilitated. The historically low vacancy rates in Dade County for 1978 through 1980 have been altered by the depressed housing sales market. This market has seen ownership units used as rentals (condominiums, townhouses and some single family homes). there are no data to show the absolute number of ownership units being used as rental housing but trends indicate a return to housing sales of these units temporarily used as rental housing. Exacerbating the problem of higher housing prices is the cost of financing. The Federal Home Loan Bank Board reports that the effective interest rate on home mortgages in Dade County has risen from the already high level of 9.91 percent in November 1978 to 13.72 percent in November 1980. The cost of financing from 1980 to 1982 has ranged from 13 o to 1800. Higher housing costs result from well documented increases in the cost of land, labor and construction materials. However, it is clear that a major component of the cost increase can be traced to increasing finance costs. HOUSING DEMAND Housing demand in Dade County is based on projected population growth and the expected rate of household formation (See Table 4). Projecting the rate of household formation is particularly difficult. Dade County has a high proportion of one and two persons elderly households, as well as a large number of Latin households with extended families. The recent influx of refugees from Cuba and Haiti has added additional demand for housing units. 83-921 U 5 `able a DADE COUNTY PROJECTED 3'EilAN D FAR rCUSIN G, 1980-2005 19,90 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Total Population (000) 1,626 1,814 2,039 2,181 2,299 2,402 Pop. in Group Quarters (000) 23 22 22 22 22 22 Pop. in Households (000) 1,603 1,852 2,017 2,159 2,277 2,380 Average Household Size 2.63 2.56 2.52 2.50 2.50 2.5C Households (000) 610 723 800 864 911 952 Vacancy Rate (present) (a) 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Total HSS. Units (000) 665 790 874 944 996 1,04C Net New Units 1930-35 1985-90 1990-95 1995-2000 2000-2005 Needed Annually 25,000 16,800 14,000 10,400 31300 Replacement Units(g) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 New Construction 281000 19,800 17,000 13,400 11,800 Needed Rental 13,440 91500 8,160 6,430 5,660 (a) Vacancy Rate includes an allowance for units occupied by households with a usual residence elsewhere. It also includes units that are not available on the market that are under construction and/or are being held for speculation. ;bj Replacement Units are units needed to reolace units lost through demolition. Units lost through manager or conversive.to non-residential use are assumed to be offset by units gained through conversions, rehabilitation and the subdivision of existing units. Source: 1980 data from U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1985-2005 from Dade County Planning Department. -12- 83-921. i 6 In addition, the widening gap bet•:ieen household incomes and 'housing costs is discouraging new household formation and, in fact, Tay be resulting in increased household sizes, a reversal of previous trends. The attainment of the currently projected 1935 and 1990 population (1.8 million and 2,070,000 million, respectively) implies annual increases averaging 20,000 persons a year over the next five years !current population is 1,626,000). This figure must be increased by the estimated 119,00 Cuban and Haitian refugees who have settled in the County since the 1980 census was taken. Thses new residents represent a market for approximately 30,000 units of new housing. Assuming the gradual release of pent up demand created by the refugee influx now doubled -up with relatives or living in boarding houses, it appears that the annual demand for new units will average 16,000 units through 1935. The need for re- placement units caused by the need to replace demolished, deteriorated or converted units will increase the projected demand by about 3,000 units annually, bringing total annual demand to 19,000 units. Some persons seeking housing are in need of assistance. To be classified in need of assistance a household must have a low income and also meet one of three conditions: pay over 300% of their income for housing and utility costs, live in overcrowded conditions or occupy a substandard unit. In Dade County some 214,000 households met these criteria in 1973. Of these households, 97,300 were also members of minority groups, and some 33,000 were female -headed house- holds. Since persons of limited income are more likely to be renters, the proportion of renters needing housing assistance is higher than the County average. Some 62." of all lower income households are renters, wnile this pro- portion jumps to 70' for minority households. In addition, some 7.410; of these households are elderly, and another 60% are small families (4 or less persons). Only 6`a of renters are found in the large family category. -13- 83-921 0 a A further indicator of the need fnr' assisted housinU are the 'waiting lists for HUD, Hialeah, 'Aiami Beach .and Homestead :dhich amount to around 36,000 requests. HOUSING ADEQUACY While every household, by definition, is housed, not every household is housed adequately. The housing may be unsound or overcrowded. While data are not yet available on the soundness of housing, data do exist on overcrowded housing and housing lacking plumbing. Units considered to be substandard (having water leakage in basement, water leakage from roof, holes in the floor, etc.) will be discussed at length in the next Housing assistance Plan to be published in the near future by the Metro -Dade Office of Community and Economic Development. OVERCROWDING Overcrowded housing contains more than one person per room. There are a substantial number of overcrowded units in Dade County; 27,274 owner -occupied, 46,574 renter -occupied. This represents 3.2 and 16.8 percent of the owner and renter -occupied units, respectively. Table 6 OVERCROWDED UNITS Dade County, Florida Owner -occupied Renter -occupied Year Number Percent Plumber Percent 1970 19,100 8.25 37,300 19.24 1975 10,100 3.57 19,400 3.54 1980 27,274 8.20 46,574 16.80 Source: 1970,1975: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Annual Housing Survey: 1975, South Florida. 19EO: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing: 19080. Generally speaking, it is in the Black and Hispanic areas of the County where overcrowaing is the greatest. HOUSEHOLD I11COME r'A.,'10AFFORD=.BILITY Dade county is an area of generally lower wages and has a large proportion of -14- 83--921 low income households. Census income reports in recent years have shown that :median family incomes in the Iiami area are significantly lower than income levels reported for the 20 largest Standard %letropolitan Statistical ;areas (S,•1SA). According to preliminary 1900 census data, the median household income in Dade County was $15,691.* There are 94,472 households below the poverty level or 15.5% of the households county -wide. (The poverty guidelines for a family of four with two children is $7,356) It has generally been thought that a household should spend no more than 25% of its income on housing. This percentage has been increased to 30 percent recently. Housing costs include contract rent or mortgage payments (principal and interest) as well as utilities, maintenance, taxes and insurance. Using the 30 percent figure as the standard, a Dade County household earning the median house- hold income can afford to spend$392 a month on housing. If this household chose to rent, it could afford the median contract rent of S232 with S160 left over; more than enough to pay for utilities. Most households earning less than S14,999 annually pay more than 30% of their income for rent. Of households with the smallest income, less than $5,000, 89% pay more than 30. of their income for rent. (see table 7 below) PERCENT OF I +CO -ME PAID FOR RENT BY VARIOUS INCO'1ED HOUSEHOLDS AMOUNT OF I NCOIME °a of Income iLess Than =F!;U0 f ;5_g,00g S?0_14,cgg ;15,000 or '"ore ?aid o _ , 0-Z9`0 f 6,56�1 11`0 r r 15,610 =5.54' f 123,11': 7, r 30-g9 0 (=�,?,,) , ' 1?45 1 1n0 T ^T:L , 61 ,?50 1-1", ie0,364 1M" ,SS' .27,356 aa 19P0 'J.S. Census for Dade County Florida Gross Rent includes utilities -15- 83-921L i The household e 3rn i nfa the +ned i an household income :jh i ch would choose to ,jse its housing expenditure on a mortgage would find a somewhat different situation. Assuming a 15.5 percent mortgage rate for a 30-year mortgage, this household's $392 would pay for a $30,071 mortgage. In addition, this household would have to devote additional income to pay for utilities, maintenance, taxes and insurance. A household wanting to buy the median priced house !S57,200 putting 10 percent down $5,720 would pay $671.57 plus taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance a month. The principal and interest payments alone amount to 51 percent of the median income. *U.S. Bureau of the Census, Provisional Estimates of Social, Economic and Housing Characteristics: 1980. U.S.G.P.O., Washington, D.C.: 1982. -16- 83-92 1 I HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS HOME OWNERSHIP-`;GW CONSTRUCTION A. SECTION 235 Operated by the Federal Housing Administration. This program allows eligible low and moderate income families to buy new or rehabilitated homes that meet certain standards. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop- ment will insure mortgages for these homes and make payments to lenders to reduce interest to as low as four percent. The homeowner, in turn, must contribute 20a of his income to the mortgage payments and make a down pay- ment of three percent. Families whose income is 95� of the county's median income (or less) are eligible to apply for this program, which places no restrictions on family assets. Developers work with U.S. HUD to assure that their projects will be eligible for this program. Status: This program has been discontinued. B. DADE COUNTY HOME OWNERSHIP ASSISTANCE LOAN PROGRAM This program allows low income families to purchase a new home with two mortgages. The first mortgage would have a minimum term of 20 years and be provided by a private financial institution. The second mortgage would be held by Dade County. Payments on this second mortgage could be deferred until after the first mortgage is paid off, and would carry an interest rate of three percent. The average monthly payment on the home would therefore be reduced. This program allows families with reduced incomes to purchase homes that would have been beyond their price range on the private market. The program is limited, however, to projects in which Dade County HUD has participated in the design and construction of the homes. 83-921 H. SECTION 502 (FmHA) Mortgage loan guarantees for families with more than moderate incomes in rural areas. HOME OWNERSHIP - REHABILITATION A. TITLE I (FHA/HUD) Provides Federal Government insurance to lenders for loans to rehabilitate single and multi -family residential properties. B. SECTION 312 REHABILITATION LOANS Provides a direct loan by HUD administered through the local housing agency. Property must be located in designated urban renewal, COBG or urban homesteading area. Loans must be used for code compliance rehab. Eligible families are low and moderate income. Status: Still active but limited funding. Both the County and City have a program. C. URBAN HOMESTEADING HUD may convey FHA -repossessed properties to local governments which then devise methods of turning the properties over to eligible families who rehabili- tate and occupy the properties in order to obtain title. Homesteaders are selected by lottery and are eligible for Section 312 loans to assist in the required rehabilitation. Status: approximately 82 existing houses with 15 to 20 additional houses per year. D. COIMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT (COBG) (HUD) Primary source for locally administered federal funds. CDBG funds are limited to rehabilitation. This program offers rehabilitation for single and multi -family units. 83-921 There's also a section called County Leverage Loan Program and it works similar to the Home Ownership Assistance Loan Program (Section 312), where two loans are actually taken out: a private loan at conventional interest rates for most of the loan amount and a 3% County loan for the rest. This particular program has never been implemented. There is also an Emergency Repair Loan Program and these funds are offered to very low income persons throughout the county. Repayment on these loans may be deferred, but only repairs that are truly of an emergency nature are eligible to get money under this program. Status: Active but limited funding. Could also provide funds for the County second mortgage program. E. DADE COUNTY FINANCE AUTHORITY Low cost rehabilitation loans on a Countywide basis. Interest rates would be close to 9�1', yet even this would be less than the going rate for private home improvement loans. However, as noted before, this program is in limbo while Congress decides the fate of the tax free bond program. Status: Questionable. RENTAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS A. SECTION 8 EXISTING PROGRAM Provides assistance to renters in apartments that are standard or which need only a minor acount of repair. As before, the tenant pays 25 percent of his income and the Government picks up the rest. Landlords agree to partici- pate in the program and abide by regulations in return for the Government's contribution. Status: Program still in existence. -19- 83-921 B. SECTION 8 MODERATE REHABILITATION PROGRAM This program provides for somewhat greater rents in return for the fixing up of the apartments to be rented. Also, since the landlord is required to spend money to upgrade his building, a contract is signed to guarantee him sufficient Section 8 tenants to pay back his investment. C. SECTION 8 SUBSTANTIAL REHABILITATION With this program an apartment building receives a complete fix -up -- new kitchens and bathrooms are installed, new wiring and plumbing are put in as well as other improvements. Financing is also arranged with Government help. This program provides for the significant rehabilitation of buildings that may have been neighborhood eyesores, and thus aids in community revita- lization. As before, the tenant pays no more than 25 percent of his income. D. SECTION 202 Provides low interest loans for the construction of elderly housing. However, only non-profit corporations are eligible to receive these loans. E. CONVENTIONAL PUBLIC HOUSING Under this program U.S. HUD contracts with Dade County HUD for the construc- tion and operation of a housing project. F. STATE OF FLORIDA HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY Loans to developers of rental property. They are working to structure a program whereby lending institutions would participate in providing funds to developers of rental housing for construction and permanent loans. Status: Funding uncertain. -20- 83-921 G . PUBLIC HOUSING '10DERN I ZAT I TI RR0GRA,'•1 Under this program the local public housing authority can get Federal loans or guarantees to finance improvements. These debts would be paid back by U.S. HUD over time via their annual contributions to the housing authority. H. SECTION 221 (d) (3) ;HUD/FHA) mortgage insurance -rental housing for low and moderate income families, market interest rate. I. SECTION 221 (d) (4) (HUD/FHA) mortgage insurance -rental housing for moderate income families. Status: OTHER HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Neighborhood Housing Services is a national network of locally funded and operated, autonomous, self help programs which are successfully revitalizing declining neighborhoods. At the heart of each program is a partnership of residents, business leaders, and local government officials, who make a commitment to provide the resources each has at its disposal. Experience and NHS programs shows that $12 million of reinvestment occurs in the 5;� years it takes to turn around an average NHS neighborhood of 2,500 dwelling units. This reinvestment is produced by private lenders, local and state government, and home owners themselves. One hundred twenty-three cities and forty one states and the District of Columbia have NHS programs in operations. A. SECONDARY MORTGAGE MARKET Federal National Mortgage association (Fannie '•Iae) and Government National "ortaage association 'Ginnie lae) have special purchase programs designed to recycle mortgage funds into urban neighborhoods. Status: The initiative to take advantage of these programs lies large with lenders. -21- 83-•921 B, SECTION 213 (HUD/FHA) Multi -family cooperative housing mortgage insurance. Intended to promote non-profit housing cooperative associations. C. URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACTION GRANT (HUD) Funds may be used for restoration of seriously deteriorated nieghborhoods. UDAG requires direct participation by private financial institutions and local developers. The City of Miami was awarded a $1,000,000 Urban Development Action Grant in order to provide second mortgage financing. Local financing institutions have committed funds for first mortgages and construction loans. D. NATIONAL CONSUMER COOPERATIVE BANK Market rate loans to consumer cooperatives, including housing cooperatives. -22- 83-921 lJ HOUSING JTRATE:-iIES A. A HEALTHY EC0%0"'Y The President's Commission on Housing enunciated a Statement of Principles within which national housing policies may be develooed. These principles suggest that credit for housing should be provided through the unrestricted access of lenders and borrowers to private financial markets. Essential to a stable resurqence in construction and real estate activity is a zero -to -low inflation rate and a balanced federal budget. Housing flourishes in an economic environment in which the price of money is relatively free of inflationary expectations; federal borrowing re- quirements are minimized; labor costs and productivity are in good balance; and the regulatory requirements imposed upon builders are sensibly limited to demonstrable public good. Favorable conditions such as the above would benefit all classes of buyers and renters throughout the income spectrum. Supply would rise to meet demand. Competition would foster technological progress in construction design, materials, methods, etc. The ratio of households needing assistance would be reduced to a manageable level. S. HOUSING TRENDS A';D ADJUST'.tENTS Assumina a median family income of 520,000 to S25,000 (in 1980 dollars) during this decade and an affordability ratio of 2 to 2.5 annual income, Dade County families at or above the median will be able to buy homes costing from SaO,001; to ;50,300 and up. Thus, a significant number of homes will be needed at prices far below today's average sales price for new or existing housinq. -L?- 83-921 1 0 Thus, the market during the 1980's will find buyer acceptance for some or all of the following trends: Smaller overall square footage under roof. Fewer luxury amenities. Enclosed garages only in the most expensive ^yodels. Smaller lot sizes; more cluster arrangements with some common - wall elements. ? higher proportion of condominiums in relation to single-family detached homes. ^.uch greater use of manufactured, modular components; increased acceptance of permanently anchored manufactured homes. Much greater reliance upon the rehabilitation and continued use of existing housing. An increased supply of rental housing, induced by incentives to make construction and ownership of rental housing feasible and attractive. Less speculation in housing for capital gains. More reliance on housing as owner -occupied shelter rather than as an investment for capital gains. The trade press serving the housing industry and real estate document that the aforementioned trends are underway in the nation. In issue after issue, publications such as Professional Builder, Housing, and Real Estate Today contain articles which describe and/or advocate innovative design and construction approaches which seek to -eet r!arketability standards at total prices which the market can pay. 83-921 1 0 Anthony Downs, Senior Fellow of the Srookings Institution and nationally recognized authority on real estate, wrote as follows in the December, 1981 issue of Across the Board: "Households will feel pressure to reduce their costs by occupying smaller units. To meet this shifting demand, homebuilders will have to construct more townhouses, row houses, quadriplexes and other attached units, as well as traditional -but -smaller - single family homes. This sort of construction is already evident, especially in rapid growth areas and places where land and land -develop- ment costs are high." In a study captioned Global Housing P-- sn�7ts: The Resource Constraints, done by Bruce Stokes for 'Worldwatch Institute. the Conference Board published an excerpt in the same issue of across the board in which ":r. Stokes echoed Mr. Downs' predictions and added others. In Mr. Stokes' view, many homes will be sold with one or more rooms unfinished so that families can complete these rooms as needed or when they can afford to; more people will live in renovated older homes; an increasing amount of renovation will be owner -built; and most new homes will have one bathroom, smaller kitchens and more compact bedrooms with built-in furniture. -25- 83-921 A 0 C. ASSISTED HOUSING, PRIVATELY OWNED Except for the cost of raw land, construction costs for new housing in low -and -moderate -income neighborhoods are just as much as they are else- where. Cost of rehabilitation, on the average, may be slightly higher because the bidders are likely to allow for unexpected problems. Rental costs may be somewhat higher in low -and -moderate -income neighborhoods because of the expectation of greater rental credit risks, vandalism and increased main- tenance costs. The cost of money for housing in low -and -moderate -income neighborhoods will be the same as elsewhere except that in subsidized cases the cost is divided between the borrower or renter and the public source of subsidy. Thus, it seems inevitable that the subsidized market must accept the same qualitative housing changes that appear likely for the unsubsidized market. D. PUBLIC HOUSING The strategy for location, design, construction, operation and main- tenance of public housing should remain basically the same as is now in effect in Dade County. Availability and sources of funds for public housing are the crucial issues. Eligibility criteria may also be an issue. E. TOTAL NEIGHBORHOOD APPROACH Within recent years, Dade County and the City of Miami have developed revitalization strategies based upon community development target areas and/or Neighborhood Strategy areas. 83-921 lJ 0 Theoretically, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development concept, the needs of the community are defined by the residents of the community through the medium of elected Community Development Advisory Boards. In actual practice, this process has often been flawed. Either through lack of understanding or lack of faith in the bona fides of local government, residents in large majority have ignored their opportunity for input to their planning process. Consequently, local government, faced with the necessity of complying with HUD rules and timetables, is content to accept the form of the process without the substance of genuine participation and involve- ment by residents. The concept of neighborhood revitalization through a partnership of residents, local government and the private sector should be more broadly implemented. The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corp. has proved the effectiveness of the concept in a tignificant number of cities; and the model can be replicated wherever there is sufficient commitment by the potential partners. Successful imple- mentation of the concept provides for planning the revitalization of neigh- borhoods in all of their aspects so that the liveability can be maintained after it is achieved. The neighborhood approach is best for achieving code compliance, housing rehab, new construction and the maintenance of real estate values. F. FEDERAL NEIGHBORHOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Six states have enacted tax incentive inducements to encourage private investment in declining neighborhoods. Florida is one of the six states. 83--92 1. The experience with these Neighborhood Assistance Programs has stimulated interest in proposing a federal level tax -incentive act which would supplement and complement state efforts. A study of the subject has been published by the National Economic Develop- ment and Law Center in Washington, D.C. The study concludes that a federal initiative of Neighborhood Assistance Act tax incentives is worth of con- sideration. 83-921 0 0 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF HOUSING Housing - and more especially, home ownership - cannot be regarded as an isolated issue. Housing is inextricably intertwined with family stability, crime, jobs, health and citizenship. Too often, planners have compartment- alized issues such as these and have thought of housing solely as shelter. The inter -relationship between crime and urban ghettos is generally acknow- 1edged. The victims, directly and indirectly, are the whole community. The connection between jobs and housing is less well recognized. According to the National Association of Realtors, approximately one of every three people unemployed in 1981 was connected with housing and real estate related industries - a situation which worsened in 1982. Not just construction workers but also workers in building supplies, appliances, furnishings, real estate, insurance, housing finance, etc., are affected by a housing slump. Because of rapid growth over an extended period of years, Dade County is particularly vulnerable to economic loss as the result of a housing slump. Citizenship and family values are tied closely to adequate housing and accep- table neighborhoods. George Sternlieb, Director of the Center for Urban Policy Research at Rutgers University says that "homeownership is what glues people to the system. If homeownership is out of reach for many and owners' equity buildup vanishes, people are going to be very angry." 83--921 0 Jack Carlson, Chief Economist and Executive Vice President of the National Association of Realtors says that home owners participate to a much higher degree in decision -making in society and democracy is made much more effective. In the July -.August, 1982, issue of Harvard Business Review, George Cabot Lodge and William R. Glass authored an article entitled The Desperate Plight of the Underclass which stressed the interrelationship of neighborhood social and economic support systems and the need for business -government partnership in bringing about better conditions. "Effective change," the authors state, "can come about only by attacking the environmental circle on a wide arc." A multitude of reports and studies reaches similar conclusions. Neither we in Dade County nor the people of any other urban center can isolate a problem such as crime and solve it alone without addressing other conditions which give rise to the problems. Housing is a basic need. If any plan for renewing blighted areas is to succeed, adequate affordable housing must be an important component. -30- .83-921 SOURCES Committee For Economic Development: Public -Private Partnership - An Opportunity For Urban Communities. (February, 190 FNMA Symposium, February 10-11, 1981: Housing Finance in the Eighties - Issues and Options. Committee For Economic Development: An approach To Federal Urban Policy U.S. League of Savings Associations: New Approaches To Urban Housing (October 1977; U.S. League of Savings Associations: Urban Housing Rehabilitation in the United States, Nathaniel Rogg. (1973) Joint Center For Urban Studies of MIT and Harvard University: The Nation's Housing: 1975-1985 Report of the President's Commission on Housing, April, 1982. National Economic Development and Law Center: Neighborhood Assistance Pro- grams, May, 1982. Atlantic Richfield Co, and the United States Conference of Mayors, iMarch 1982: 1982 Partnerships Conferences. Metropolitan Dade County Housing Assistance Plan, 1982. Wall Street Journal, MMiami Herald. Various articles. 1980 8i-Annual Report on the Comprehensive Development ;Master Plan for Dade County. Released !.larch, 1981. Research Division, Metropolitan Dade County, Planning Department, Miami, F1., May, 1982. Housing In Dade County -General Review and r.nalysis. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Provisional Estimates of Social, Economic and Housing Characteristics: 192'0. U.S.G.P.O., 'Washington,D.C.: 1982. -31- 83-921 CHANGING PATTERNS OF FEDERAL SPENDING IN DADE COUNTY FINAL REPORT OF THE NEW FEDERALISM TASK FORCE JUNE, 1983 GREATEN! MIAMI UNITED MDCC-New World Center, 2302 300 Northeast 2nd Avenue Miami, Florida 33132 (305) 577-6851■�■r S3-9o1 • 6 GREATER MIAMI UNITED NEW FEDERALISM TASK FORCE MEMBERS CHAIRMEN Mr. Larry Jinks Senior Vice President/ News Knight Ridder Newspaper, Inc. Mr. Alvin Guilford President G & G Wholesale Distributors MEMBERS Mr. Larry Adams Mr. Russ Marchner Vice President, Division Manager Executive Director Florida Power and Light Dade League of Cities, Inc. Mr. Myron J. Brodie Executive Vice President Greater Miami Jewish Federation Mr. Howard Gary Miami City Manager Mr. Ray Goode President The Babcock Company Ms. Mirtha Guerra Certified Public Accountant Alexander Grant & Co. Mr. Clark LaMendola Executive Vice President United Way of Dade County Mr. Max Rothman District Administrator Dept. of Health and Rehab. Services Mr. Merrett Stierheim Dade County Manager Ms. Jessie Trice Executive Director Family Health Center Ms. Henrietta Waters Chairperson Urban League of Greater Miami Dr. Ralph Whelan Acting Ass't. Exec. Director Catholic Community Services Ms. Teresa A. Zubizarreta President Zubi Advertising --- -- 93-9"1 r TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION......................................................... 1 SUMMARYOF FINDINGS .................................................. 5 SECTIONI: FISCAL ANALYSIS .......................................... 7 Findings By Funding Source ............. 6........................ 7 Funding Patterns By Source.......... 0...................... 7 Federal ............................................... 7 Federal General Revenue Sharing ....................... 9 State...................................6............. 10 Local Government ...................................... 12 Client / Third Party .................................. 14 Private Charity.......... 0............................ 15 Additional Tables ..................................... 17 Endowments Table ................................. 17 Rent / Investment Table............ .............. 18 Other Table* ..................................... 19 Per Capita Analysis.....* ............................. 20 Findings By Program Area ..................... ................... 21 Community and Economic Development..........$ .............. 21 Criminal Justice ........................ 0.................. 23 Education --Public Schools .................................. 25 Higher Education ........................................... 27 Employment and Training .................................... 29 Entitlements ............................................... 31 Health.... # .................. 4............................. 33 Social Services...................0......I................. 35 SECTIONII: CAPTIAL FUNDS ............................................ 37 Transportation ........................................ 37 Community Development.....* .... ** ..................... 37 Housing.* ........... ........... 37 Civil Disturbance ..................................... 37 Summary Overview ...................................... 38 SECTION III: CIVIL DISTURBANCE and .................................. 42 REFUGEESAND ENTRANTS ................................... 43 SECTIONIV: INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS ............. 0...................... 47 Social Impact Study ............................................. 47 Committee Reports........ ..................................... 49 Community and Economic Development......*.................. 49 Education / Higher Education ............................... 50 Health ................................ ..................... 51 Social Services ............................................ 52 APPENDICES Appendix A: Acknowledgements: Committee Members and Questionnaire Respondents Appendix B: Social Impact Survey Respondents Appendix C: Methodology for Determining Inflation Factors and Population Growth; Data Elements 83-921 I N T R O D U C T I O N This report is the second study undertaken by the New Federalism Task Force of Greater Miami United (GMU). The aim of these studies has been to assess the impact on Dade County of changing patterns of federal spending. This effort is consistent with GMU's goal of facilitating the solution of the social, economic and human problems of Dade County and the meeting of the challenges before our community. The first report of the New Federalism Task Force assessed federal spending patterns for two fiscal years, 1980/81 and 1981/82. The Task Force broadened the investigation and study period to include both federal expenditures and companion funds from other sources for five fiscal years, 1978/79 to 1982/83. This final study includes revised funding data, more detailed fiscal analysis, and a social service impact survey. GMU's formation of a New Federalism Task Force in 1981 and its pur- suit of these studies stemmed from wide -spread concern at the beginning of the Reagan Administration about proposed changes in federal funding ap- proaches. The Administration itself termed its new approach to federal spending the New Federalism. Federalism is a recurring theme in American government, referring to the role of the states in intergovernmental relations. As presented to the American people in 1981, New Federalism was to en- tail a thoroughgoing revolution in relations between the federal and state governments. Categorical grants, outlays for federally specified purpos- es, were to be consolidated into relatively few block grants. Additional- ly, a so-called "SWAP" program would make Medicaid funding fully a federal responsibility while states assumed financial and administrative responsi- bility for the Food Stamp Program and Aid to Families with Dependent Child- ren. A phased "Turnback/Trust Fund" filled by federal excise taxes would ease the transition to state funding between initial implementation and 1991. While only a fraction of this comprehensive program has been imple- mented, the Administration has maintained a modified New Federalism on its agenda. Despite the national debate which has centered on New Federalism, there has been little quantitative analysis of the real impact of ongoing funding policies on local communities. One reason is the extreme diffi- culty of obtaining comprehensive funding information from state and local governments, philanthropies and other funding organizations. This study is an effort to fill that information void for the cit- izens of Dade County. The foundation of this study is comprehensive fisc- al data generously made available to Greater Miami United by every major conduit and recipient of community and human development federal funding in Dade County (except the Social Security Administration and the Armed Forces). This data is unique and promises to be a working resource for concerned decision makers at every level in both the private and public sectors. Page 1 83-92 JL 1 The New Federalism Task Force included the Miami City Manager, the Dade County Manager, and senior executives of the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, United Way, Catholic Community Servi- ces, Greater Miami Jewish Federation, Dade League of Cities, and the Fam- ily Health Center. These administrators directed their respective agen- cies to provide all necessary data to GMU and eased the gathering of data from other agencies. Appendix A lists the forty six agencies and eight umbrella organizations which provided the fiscal data. Participating agencies researched their own budgets and conformed their fiscal information to a common set of program areas: 1. Community and Economic Development 2. Criminal Justice 3. Education/Public Schools 4. Higher Education 5. Employment and Training 6. Entitlements 7. Health 8. Social Services 9. Capital Projects 10. Refugee/Entrant They reported data according to nine sources: 1. Federal 2. Federal General Revenue Sharing 3. State 4. Local Government 5. Private Charity 6. Client/Third Party Payment 7. Endowments 8. Rent/Investment 9. Bond Funds Funds for Capital Projects were also separated by program area. Page 2 83--94WI Greater Miami United conducted research, computer programming, data entry and analysis, and other aspects of report preparation. The result is a community -wide view of funding patterns and their effects, based on information from all the major funding sources and program administrators. It bears emphasis that the Task Force did not attempt the nearly impossi- ble task of covering the entire universe of funding and expenditures in Dade County. Reaching instead for coverage of the major funding conduits and recipients, the Task Force hoped to identify the significant trends in federal spending in this community and the extent of compensatory state and local efforts. Limitations of the study precluded consideration of state funding for higher education, the Florida State Employment Service, the Offices of the Public Defender and State Attorney and the State Court System. Fiscal data is presented in tables throughout this report to the dol- lar, i.e., without rounding to tens, hundreds, or thousands. This is not to imply that data was reported or could be reported to that level of exac- titude. Respondents gave the most exact figures possible, and these fig- ures, as given, became the basis for percentage computations. In examin- ing these figures and trend computations, the reader should be mindful of the limitations of data of this magnitude, sifted from agencies' total rec- ords in a relatively short period of. time. GMU used a criterion of uniform reliability of fiscal data across the spectrum of respondents. The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Ser- vices (DHRS), the single largest conduit of federal funds, could deter- mine much of the required fiscal data with certainty only for the 1980/81 and 1982/83 fiscal years. This was a function of evolving fiscal records keeping and difficulty of distinguishing requested fiscal data by program in earlier records. Accordingly, social services and health reporting for the first three fiscal years of this study is excluded from the tables and printouts here presented. Other limitations excluded reporting of Medi- care funding under Entitlements for all five years. There was also concern that federal funding received as a result of the twin crises of 1980,,,the Liberty City civil disturbance and the Cuban/ Haitian influx, be isolated from all other fiscal and program data. This was desirable because the infusion of hundreds of millions of dollars in response to these crises beginning in 1980 skewed local funding levels and program priorities. Consequently, Cuban/Haitian Entrant and Civil Disturb- ance data have been reported separately in this study. At the outset, the Task Force determined that any analysis of finan- cial resources must take into account inflation and population changes dur- ing the study period. The methodology for determining the inflation rates and population growth are found in Appendix C: A cumulative inflation fac- tor of 26Z is in place by year five. The analysis will use the terms "ac- tual" and "constant" dollars. "Actual" refers to the undeflated expendi- ture figures. "Constant dollars" describes expenditures adjusted for in- flation to 1978/79 levels. The population of Dade County during the study period grew from 1,545,000 in year one to 1,739,000 in year five. This growth amounts to approximately 200,000 new residents, or a 13% increase in population. To Page 3 83--921 0 6 trends in the availability of funds to serve this community and ;size trends in the purchasing power of those funds, a per capita was performed. )uter printouts providing detailed data for each major program and lam area by funding source are available in the offices of GMU and !produced at cost for interested organizations. Page 4 U3—J 1 0 0 S U M M A R Y O F F I N D I N G S Following is a summary of major findings contained in the body of this report, 1. The three major funding sources reported in the study are feder- al,, state and local governments, which accounted for 94% of the ti:tal funds examined. In actual dollars, the combined total of federal, state and local government funds showed absolute in- creases each year during the study period. In actual dollars, federal, state and local funds grew at a rate exceeding the cumulative inflation rate of 26Z for the five year period. Adjusted for inflation, federal funds declined by 14%, state funds increased by 25% and local government funds in- creased by 19%. When the totals for the three major funding sources are adjusted for inflation and population growth, there has been an effective decline over the study period. The decline in total adjusted dollars for those sources is 6% or $50 per capita. 2. The proportion of total funds that came from each of the three major funding sources has shifted over the study period. The federal proportion of the total declined eight percentage points. The state proportion increased by four percentage points, while the local government share increased by 3 percentage points. 3. Federal funds, exclusive of Cuban/Haitian Entrant funding, peaked in 1980/81. The decline in federal dollars, adjusted for inflation and population increase, is 25Z since 1978/79 or $83 per capita. 4. The five year trend in federal funding shows an increase in Health and Community and Economic Development. The trend for Employment and Training and Criminal Justice showed a substantial decline. Within Entitlements, AFDC payments, when adjusted for inflation, show an 11% decline. The most dramatic decline is in Employment and Training, which lost $66 million during the five year period. A major aspect of that decline, the loss of the public service employment program, may be somewhat mitigated by the receipt during 1983/84 of feder- al job funds. 5. Reversals in federal trends are evident beginning in 1980/81, the first year of the Reagan Administration, and can be seen in the Entitlements and Higher Education program areas. Food stamp expenditures, in constant dollars, increased by $6.8 mil- lion (7%) between 1978/79 and 1980/81. The expenditures then de- creased by $29.8 million (29%) between 1980/81 and 1982/83. AFDC expenditures showed a decline from 1980/81 to the end of the study period. Page 5 83-921 0 0 Another significant reversal identified by the study is Higher Education. Federal aid for Higher Education peaked in 1980/81 and declined in constant dollars by 31Z by the end of the study period. The principal areas affected are student aid (such as loans and work study programs), academic research and medical research. 6. Local charity giving to other than the Community and Economic Development program area itself underwent a decline in constant dollars of 20% over the five years. However, adding a special private sector initiative which raised $6.9 million for the eco- nomic revitalization of the Black community brings this funding source up to previous levels, after adjustment for inflation. 7. There has been a substantial growth in local government funds for Public Schools, Criminal Justice and Health Care. Metro Dade County and City of Miami funds for police service have al- most doubled. In constant dollars, local government support for public school education has increased by 3.7% over the study pe- riod. Local government funding for Health has risen in con- stant dollars by 14.5%. 8. During the study period there was an extraordinary infusion of Federal dollars into Dade County as a consequence of the 1980 civil disturbance and the Cuban/Haitian influx. Some $47 mil- lion was received as a result of the civil disturbance and $265 million for refugee/entrant services in numerous categories, in- cluding general assistance, AFDC, food stamps, education, health care, employment and training and social services. 9. Funding losses were widespread among the 60 public and private agencies who responded to the survey. Reactions to declining funds include shorter duration of service provision, changes in the nature of services provided, reductions in the number of re- cipients and staff reductions. 10. To date, increases in the funding share of state and local gov- ernment sources have not, for the most part, filled the specific gaps left by decreasing federal dollars. There have been, howev- er, some instances of state or local assumption of federal fund- ing responsibility. Among these is Dade County's provision of funding beginning in fiscal year 1983 for some programs which would have been discontinued with the termination of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration and of direct federal fund- ing for Emergency School Aid Act programs. Page 6 83-90 1 0 i S E C T I O N I: F I S C A L A N A L Y S I S FUNDING PATTERNS BY SOURCE FEDERAL Part I of this study is empirical, or quantitative, in nature. It is composed largely of statistical data for the five year study period from fiscal 1978/79 through fiscal 1982/83, along with information that places the data in context. 1. In 1978/79, federal funds, including revenue sharing but ex- cluding Medicare, accounted for two -fifths (39.9%) of total funds from all sources covered in this study. By 1982/83, that percentage figure had declined to 33.1%, or about one-third of the total. 2. In constant 1978/79 dollars, federal funds to this community, including Federal Revenue Sharing (FRS), amounted to $334.32 per capita in 1978/79, $328.04 in 1980/81, and $260.31 in 1982/83. The decrease since 1980/81 has been 20.6%. 3. The percentage change in federal funding, in constant dollars and excluding FRS, is the following: 1978/79 1980/81 Total Program Area thru 80/81 thru 82/83 Study Community S Econ. Dev. +23% +23% 52% Health +15% +24% 46% Social Services +10% - 2% 8% Education + 4% - 7% - 4% Entitlements +10% -18% -10% Higher Education +10% -31% -24X Employment 6 Training -46X -63% -80% Criminal Justice -34% -90% -94% Thus, in four of the program areas --Community and Economic Develop- ment, Health, Employment, and Training and Criminal Justice --the trends since 1980/81 have essentially been continuation or strengthening of trends that were evident prior to 1980/81. It should be noted that the health care inflation rate averaged almost 17% per year during thek study period, far exceeding the standard inflation rates used for this study. Hence, Health figures, which are deflated at the same rate as others, exaggerate the purchasing power of health care outlays. In three areas --Higher Education, Entitlements and Social Services -- decreases in funding levels since 1980/81 followed increases through 1981. The reversal in Social Services was the mildest, amounting to a halt in growth in excess of the inflation rate since 1980/81. In Education, the 1981/82 funding level indicated a reversal of the pre-1980/81 trend, but funding then increased again above the inflation Page 7 83--•921 0 a rate in 1982/83. The net effect, however, is still a 7X reduction in this program area since 1980/81. FEDERAL 1978-79 1919-80 1990-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONCMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 29546521 43244688 42780545 52872006 60745032 1 over pr.PY 46.36 -1.07 23.59 14.89 1 over 78-79 46.36 44.79 78.94 105.59 Deflated 29546521 40396592 36412660 41119087 44806143 • over pr.PY 36.72 -9.86 12.93 8.97 1 over 78-79 36.72 23.24 39.17 51.65 CRIMINAL JUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 2437769 2629845 1896522 283028 210421 1 over pr.PY 7.88 -27.88 -85.08 -25.65 • over 78-79 7.88 -22.20 -88.39 -91.37 Deflated 2437769 2456643 1614224 220113 155208 • over pr.FY 0.77 -34.29 -96.36 -29.49 • over 78-79 0.77 -33.78 -90.97 -93.63 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 41233794 48817003 50453902 48575658 53921093 1 over pr.PY 18.39 3.35 -3.72 11.00 • over 78-79 18.39 22.36 17.81 30.77 Deflated 41233794 45601915 42943753 37777774 39772737 1 over pr.PY 10.59 -5.83 -12.03 5.28 1 over 78-79 10.59 4.15 -8.38 -3.54 EMPLOYMENT AND TRA!NtNG ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 89858590 73048421 56592931 29415027 23950821 1 over pr.FY -18.71 -22.53 -48.02 -18.58 1 over 78-79 -18.71 -37.02 -67.27 -73.35 Deflated 89858590 68237451 48169073 22876360 17666365 1 over pr.PY -24.06 -29.41 -52.51 -22.77 1 over 78-79 -24 06 -46.39 -74 S4 -80. 4 ENTITLEMENTS----------------------------------------------------------------------------3- Actual 162558835 181381212 :09137359 200823187 198553344 1 over pr.FY 11.58 15.30 -3.98 -1.13 1 over 78-79 11.58 28.65 23.54 22.14 Deflated 162558835 169435445 178007263 156182200 146454932 1 over pr.PY 4.23 5.06 -12.26 -6.23 1 over 78-79 4.23 9.50 -3.92 -9.91 BEALTE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 48619076 58710693 65968730 86079114 95929360 t over pr.FY 20.76 12.36 30.48 11.44 1 over 78-79 20.76 35.68 77.05 97.31 Deflated 48619076 54844006 56149284 66944587 70758455 • over pr.PY 12.80 2.38 19.23 5.70 1 over 78-79 12.90 15.49 37.69 45.54 HIGHER EDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 77485975 85585743 99875537 92942158 79595871 1 over pr.PY 10.45 16.70 -6.94 -14.36 1 ovef 78-79 10.45 28.89 19.95 2.72 Deflated 77485975 79949065 85009063 72292045 59710710 t over pr.FY 3.18 6.33 -14.97 -18.78 1 over 78-79 3.18 9.71 -6.72 -24.23 SOCIAL SERVICES--------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- -- Actual 39014579 43306726 50578710 56409912 57158870 1 over pr.PY 11.00 16.79 11.53 1.33 • over 78-79 11.00 29.64 44.59 46.51 Deflated 39014579 40454545 43050069 4387OS52 42160954 1 over pr.FY 3.69 6.42 1.91 -3.90 • over 78-79 3.69 10.34 12.45 9.06 sssa¢ssszssssssssssssss:sssssss:s:sassasasssasssszassssasass:szssssssa:asssssssasssssssaas TOTALS 490755139 536724331 577284136 567400090 570064812 • over pr.FY 9.37 7.56 -1.71 0.47 1 over 78-79 9.37 17.63 15.62 16.16 Deflated 490755139 501375666 491355392 441272723 420485505 1 over pr.FY 2.16 -2.00 -10.19 -4.71 1 over 78-79 2.16 0.12 -10.08 -14.32 Page 8 83-921 0 & FEDERAL GENERAL REVENUE SHARING Federal General Revenue Sharing funds are federal monies which local governments can use at their discretion. The amount is based on popula- tion figures in Dade County and is spent for Social and Health Services. In constant dollars, there has been an increase of 9%, but adjusted for population growth, there has been a 3.55 decrease, from $8.47 to $8.17 per capita, over the five-year period. REVENUE SHARING 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 CRIMINALJUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EDUCATION----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENTITLEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 8934749 9240060 9424984 9910081 11278742 1 over pr.FY 3.42 2.00 5.15 13.81 1 over 78-79 3.42 5.49 10.92 26.23 Deflated 8934749 8631509 8022075 7707169 8319312 ! over pr.FY -3.39 -7.06 -3.93 7.94 over 78-79 -3.39 -10.21 -13.74 -6.89 HIGHER EDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 SOCIAL SERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 4152953 4929543 5481070 6892245 7994923 1 over pr.FY 18.70 11.19 25.75 16.00 1 over 78-79 18.70 31.98 65.96 92.51 Deflated 4152953 4604883 4665212 5360167 5897135 1 over pr.FY 10.88 1.31 14.90 10.02 1 over 78-79 10.88 12.33 29.07 42.00 Me, ..Ma asaaaaaas. aaanae aasaaaaasamaaasaaaasaaaa a aasaasa a-asaaasa=mamma a as as TOTALS 13087702 14169603 14906054 16802326 19273665 1 over pr.FY 8.27 5.20 12.72 14.71 1 over 78-79 9.27 13.89 28.38 47.27 Deflated 13087702 13236392 12687287 13067336 14216448 1 over pr.FY 1.14 -4.15 3.00 8.79 1 over 78-79 1.14 -3.06 -0.16 8.62 Page 9 83-92.t 0 0 �a* STATE The study did not pursue coverage of state funding for higher education, health in 1978/79, community and economic development after 1980/81, the Florida Employment Service, the Offices of the Public Defender and State Attorney or the State Court system. The data that is reported here is reliable and relatively complete. Overall, state funding in the areas reported increased over the study period, even when adjusted for inflation and population growth. In constant 1978/79 dollars, state funds to Dade amounted to $201.34 per capita in the base year 1978-79, and $218.92 in 1982/83. Over the five-year study period, after adjustment for inflation, this funding increased by 25%. It accounted for 24% of total funding in 1978/79 and 28% in 1982/83. The percentage changes in state funding were the following: Program Area Community & Ec. Dev. Health Social Services Education Entitlements Higher Education Employment & Training Criminal Justice 1978/79-1980/81 -152 See Note Below +24X +11% + 8% See Note Below + 8% -59% 1980/81-1982/83 See Note Below +36% - 2% + 9% - 4% See Note Below -14% See Note Below Parallels with federal funding patterns can be seen in the areas of Health, Social Services and Entitlements. Only in Education, overall, and in the period from 1978/79 to 1980/81 in Community and Economic Development and in Employment and Training did the State pattern differ substantially from the federal. In Employment and Training, the trend in the post-1980/81 period is in the same direction as the federal one. NOTE: Complete data was not sought or included in the study. Page 10 83•--921 STATE Source 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 175250 175000 175000 0 0 1 over pr.FY -0.14 0.00 1 over 78-79 -0.14 -0.14 Deflated 175250 163474 148951 0 0 over pr.FY -6.72 -8.88 1 over 78-79 -6.72 -15.01 CRIMINAL JUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 197295 70646 95076 19871 0 1 over pr.FY -64.19 34.58 -79.10 -100.00 1 over 78-79 -64.19 -51.81 -89.93 -100.00 Deflated 197295 65993 80923 15453 0 1 over pr.FY -66.55 22.62 -80.90 -100.00 1 over 78-79 -66.55 -58.98 -92.17 -100.00 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 215712051 256575709 280267076 310371860 352452403 1 over pr.FY 18.94 9.23 10.74 13.56 1 over 78-79 18.94 29.93 43.88 63.39 Deflated 215712051 239677632 238549321 241379299 259972416 1 over pr.FY 11.11 -0.47 1.19 7.70 1 over 78-79 11.11 10.59 11.90 20.52 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 858286 996172 1093190 1031007 1083885 3 over pr.FY 16.07 9.74 -5.69 5.13 1 over 78-79 16.07 27.37 20.12 26.28 Deflated 858286 930564 930468 801824 799484 1 over pr.FY 8.42 -0.01 -13.83 -0.29 1 over 78-79 8.42 8.41 -6.58 -6.85 ENTITLEMENTS----------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- Actual 53385558 59965156 67822737 73333578 75429583 1 over pr.FY 12.32 13.10 8.13 2.86 1 over 78-79 12.32 27.04 37.37 41.29 Deflated 53385558 56015850 57727322 57032256 55637614 1 over pr.FY 4.93 3.06 -1.20 -2.45 1 over 78-79 4.93 8.13 6.83 4.22 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 10031160 21951966 22779713 28990378 35476454 1 over pr.FY 118.84 3.77 27.26 22.37 1 over 78-79 118.84 127.09 189.00 253.66 Deflated 10031160 20506209 19388952 22546106 26167787 1 over pr.FY 104.43 -5.45 16.26 16.06 1 over 78-79 104.43 93.29 124.76 160.87 HIGHER EDUCATION---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- Actual 993995 1431177 2303385 2514601 2654445 1 over pr.FY 43.98 60.94 9.17 5.56 1 over 78-79 43.98 131.73 152.98 167.05 Deflated 993995 1336919 1960526 1955630 1957945 1 over pr.FY 34.50 46.65 -0.25 0.12 1 over 78-79 34.50 97.24 96.74 96.98 SOCIAL SERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 29711270 33594890 43368958 47908242 49041720 t over pr.FY 13.07 29.09 10.47 2.37 1 over 78-79 13.07 45.97 61.25 65.06 Deflated 29711270 31382330 36913488 37258718 36173663 1 over pr.FY 5.62 17.63 0.94 -I.91 1 over 78-79 5.62 24.24 25.40 21.75 =a=x:as:ar: assay :rasa aaaxas=sas:rras.r:sssassssu srsr usssssascsassssssrsss ussssassa TOTALS 3/1064665 374760716 417905135 464169537 516138490 1 over pr.FY 20.48 11.51 11.07 11.20 1 over 78-79 20.48 34.35 49.22 65.93 Deflated 311064865 350078975 355699955 360989290 380708911 1 over pr.FY 12.54 1.61 1.49 5.46 1 over 78-79 12.54 14.35 16.05 22.39 Page 11 83-921 Local Government Local government funding accounts for a major portion of overall spending. Local government revenues accounted for 29.8% of the total funds recorded in this study for 1978/79, and one-third (33.4) in 1982/83. In constant dollars, the per capita figures for the latter two- year period are $249.46 and $262.98, respectively. After adjustment for in- flation, local government revenues were up by 19% over the study period. Increases in constant dollars were posted in each year of the study period. Under local government funding and in constant dollars, the five year funding patterns for the various program areas do not show the same inflec- tions in 1980/81 that were recorded for many of the same areas under feder- al and state funding. Only Social Services experienced a net growth lower than the inflation rate over the five years, posting a net decrease of 6% after adjustment for inflation. (It should be noted that local allocations of federal revenue sharing dollars to the Social Services Area increased by 42%, for a net increase of 8.7% from these sources.) The percentage changes by program over the five years studied were: 1978/79 to 1982/83 Criminal Justice ... ............................ 39% Community and Economic Development .............32% Health........................................15% Education ..................................... .4% Social Services ............................... .6% ?age 12 83-923. LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 31762710 34978929 46637035 50875879 56692928 1 over pr.FY 10.13 33.33 9.09 11.43 1 over 78-79 10.13 46.83 60.17 78.49 Deflated 31762710 32675215 39695112 39566679 41817270 1 over pr.FY 2.87 21.48 -0.32 5.69 1 over 78-79 2.87 24.97 24.57 31.66 CRIMINAL JUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 120338052 126964070 159727889 194908665 226437925 1 over pr.FY 5.51 25.81 22.03 16.18 1 over 78-79 5.51 32.73 61.97 88.17 Deflated 120338052 118602216 135952392 151582417 167022877 1 over pr.FY -1.44 14.63 11.50 10.19 1 over 78-79 -1.44 12.98 25.96 3L'.79 EDUCATION-------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------------- Actual 173898556 163130614 199156856 247067088 244399492 1 over pr.FY -6.19 22.08 24.06 -1.08 1 over 78-79 -6.19 14.52 42.08 40.54 Deflated 173898556 152386831 169512357 192146545 180271509 1 over pr.FY -12.37 11.24 13.35 -6.18 1 over 78-79 -12.37 -2.52 10.49 3.66 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ----------------------------------- -------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENTITLEMENTS--------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- Actual 3222000 3700000 3946000 5510000 7628000 1 over pr.FY 14.84 6.65 39.64 38.44 1 over 78-79 14.84 22.47 71.01 136.75 Deflated 3222000 3456318 3358637 4285182 5626489 1 over pr.FY 7.27 -2.83 27.59 31.30 1 over 78-79 7.27 4.24 33.00 74.63 HEALTH------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 47739201 50607000 57250896 65384786 74109800 1 over pr.FY 6.01 13.13 14.21 13.34 1 over 78-79 6.01 19.92 36.96 55.24 Deflated 47739201 47274022 48729100 50850401 54664129 1 over pr.FY -0.97 3.08 4.35 7.50 1 over 78-79 -0.97 2.07 6.52 14.51 HIGHEREDUCATION ---- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 SOCIALSERVICES ---------- ------------------------------------------ ----------------------- Actual 6458075 8767400 9670350 10659000 10734300 1 over pr.FY 3.66 10.30 10.22 0.71 1 over 78-79 3.66 14.33 26.02 26.91 Deflated 8458075 8189979 8230918 8289610 7917727 1 over pr.FY -3.17 0.50 0.71 -4.49 1 over 78-79 -3.17 -2.69 -1.99 -6.39 sasaarasarasassaraaaraarrraasaraaraaaraassrarsaassasaaaaaraaaasrasaaaaaas:asassasasasaraar TOTALS 385418594 386148012 476389026 574405418 620002445 % over pr.FY 0.71 22.73 20.57 7.94 1 over 78-79 0.71 23.60 49.03 60.86 Deflated 385418594 362584583 405478519 446720837 457320003 4 over pr.FY -5.92 11.63 10.17 2.37 1 over 78-79 -5.92 5.20 15.91 18.66 Page 13 83-9,1 CLIENT/THIRD PARTY "Client/Third Party Payments" is a category used to include client payment for services, often on a sliding scale based on client family in- come, and for insurance payments. School lunch client payments increased by 22Z over the five-year study period. Health fees and insurance pay- ments increased by 55%. Social service fees increased by over 100%, in actual dollars indicating a stronger emphasis in fees charged for servic- es. It is evident that client/third party payments, as a funding source, have not quite kept pace with inflation since 1980/81. CLIENT / THIRU PARTIES 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 CRIMINALJUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 10127679 9425737 9984602 13183913 12396210 over pr.PY -6.93 5.93 32.04 -5.97 1 over 78-79 -6.93 -1.41 30.18 22.40 Deflated 10127679 8804957 8498393 10253260 9143568 t over pr.PY -13.06 -3.48 20.65 -10.82 f over 78-79 -13.06 -16.09 1.24 -9.72 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENTITLEMENTS------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 37889261 44923019 50843926 54255671 58739348 % over pr.FY 18.56 13.18 6.71 8.26 t over 78-79 18.56 34.19 43.20 55.03 Deflated 37889261 41964388 43275807 42195177 43326730 over pr.FY 10.76 3.13 -2.50 2.68 • over 78-79 10.76 14.22 11.36 14.35 BIGHEREDUCATION --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 SOCIAL SERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 2552616 3215523 4392816 4446558 5147679 % over pr.FY 25.97 36.61 1.22 15.77 a over 78-79 25.97 72.09 74.20 101.67 Deflated 2552616 3003748 3738945 3458132 3797127 s over pr.FY 17.67 24.48 -7.51 9.80 t over 78-79 17.67 46.48 35.47 48.75 aasasasssaasassaasaaa aaaaaaaaasaaasssaassaaasasaasaaaaaasasasasaaaasaaaaaaaaaaaasaaassasaa TOTALS 50569556 57564279 65221344 71886142 76263437 over pr.FY 13.83 13.30 10.22 6.12 1 over 78-79 13.83 28.97 42.15 50.85 Deflated 50569556 53773095 55513146 55906571 56267425 1 over pr.FY 6.33 3.24 0.71 0.65 t over 78-79 6.33 9.78 10.55 11.27 Page 14 83-9201 PRIVATE CHARITY The emphasis on private charity contributions is in the following pro- gram areas: Education, Higher Education, Social Service and Health. The 1982/83 increase of approximately $6.9 million in Community and Economic Development is the result of a private sector fund raising effort to operate a Business Assistance Center in Liberty City. Excluding these funds, charitable contributions for traditional programs increased by 7% during the five year period. However, this translates into a loss of 21% in constant dollars. Community -wide private charities, such as United Way, funded programs in Community Development, Employment and Training, Health and Social Services. Their funds peaked at mid -point in the study and have remained relatively stable for the last two years. Funds raised for universities have actually shown a 31% decline, in constant dollars. Page 15 83-921 PRIVATE CHARITIES 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 31489 58800 5627 20813 6922969 1 over pr.FY 86.73 -90.43 269.88 33162.72 1 over 78-79 86.73 -82.13 -33.90 21885.36 Deflated 31489 54927 4789 16186 5106451 1 over pr.PY 74.43 -91.28 237.98 31448.57 1 over 78-79 74.43 -84.79 -48.60 16116.62 CRIMINALJUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 55099 84310 117806 115477 96207 1 over pr.FY 53.02 39.73 -1.98 -14.96 4 over 78-79 53.02 113.81 109.58 78.24 Deflated 55099 78757 100270 89807 72438 1 over pr.FY 42.94 27.32 -10.43 -19.34 1 over 78-79 42.94 81.98 62.99 31.47 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 27228 34354 38522 24191 14935 1 over pr.FY 26.17 12.13 -37.20 -38.26 1 over 78-79 26.17 41.48 -11.15 -45.15 Deflated 27228 32091 32788 18813 11016 1 over pr.FY 17.86 2.17 -42.62 -41.44 1 over 78-79 17.86 20.42 -30.91 -59.54 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 294680 281006 342342 304462 324006 1 over pr.FY -4.64 21.83 -11.06 6.42 1 over 78-79 -4.64 16.17 3.32 9.95 Deflated 294680 262498 291384 236783 238990 1 over pr.FY -10.92 11.00 -18.74 0.93 1 over 78-79 -10.92 -1.12 -19.65 -18.•90 ENTITLEMENTS------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 2342467 2530203 2617417 2727652 2577868 1 over pr.FY 8.01 3.45 4.21 -5.49 4 over 78-79 8.01 11.74 16.44 10.05 Deflated 2342467 2363563 2227814 2121322 1901461 1 over pr.FY 0.90 -5.74 -4.78 -10.36 1 over 78-79 0.90 -4.89 -9.44 -18.83 HIGHER EDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 12321279 14102426 11871832 11600000 11500000 4 over pr.FY 14.46 -15.82 -2.29 -0.86 1 over 78-79 14.46 -3.65 -5.85 -6.67 Deflated 12321279 13173640 10104709 9021436 8482515 4 over pr.PY 6.92 -23.30 -10.72 -5.97 4 over 78-79 6.92 -17.99 -26.78 -31.16 SOCIALSERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 8470030 10151233 10745367 10522395 10974151 1 over pr.PY 19.85 5.85 -2.08 4.29 4 over 78-79 19.85 26.86 24.23 29.56 Deflated 8470030 9482672 9145919 8183371 8094643 1 over pr.FY 11.96 -3.55 -10.52 -1.08 1 over 78-79 11.96 7.98 -3.38 -4.43 .ss..s..s.sss.sass.s.ss.ssssass....s..s.s.ssass..s.:s.cs....... as.... sasaa... sagas........ TOTALS 23600772 27242332 25738913 25314990 32412136 1 over pr.PY 15.43 -5.52 -1.65 28.04 1 over 78-79 15.43 9.06 7.26 37.34 Deflated 23600772 25448152 21907675 19687720 23907515 1 over pr.FY 7.83 -13.91 -10.13 21.43 1 over 78-79 7.83 -7.17 -16.58 1.30 Page 16 ADDITIONAL TABLES Following, without narrative, are tables reporting additional funding sources (Endowments, Rent/Investment, and Other) that do not represent a significant portion of the total revenues considered by this study: ENDOWMENTS CHART ENUOwME4,rs 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMLNT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 CRIMINALJUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENTITLEMEENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HIGHER EDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 529465 478553 515574 565707 530000 1 over pr.FY -9.62 7.74 9.72 -6.31 1 over 78-79 -9.62 -2.62 6.85 0.10 Deflated 529465 447035 438830 439955 390933 1 over pr.FY -15.57 -1.84 0.26 -11.14 1 over 78-79 -15.57 -17.12 -16.91 -26.16 SOCIALSERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 82984 0 50000 1 over pr.FY 1 over 78-79 Deflated 0 0 70631 0 36880 1 over pr.FY i over 78-79 =osasasassaass:ssaaasasaaassa:ssasasaasssa:asssasassass:sssaassasssssa:aasaaaaasa:aasssssa TOTALS 529465 478553 598558 565707 580000 1 over pr.FY -9.62 25.08 -5.49 2.53 1 over 78-79 -9.62 13.05 6.85 9.54 Deflated 529465 447035 509462 439955 427813 1 over pr.FY -15.57 13.96 -13.64 -2.76 % over 78-79 -15.57 -3.78 -16.91 -19.20 Page 17 83-s21 5 HENT/INVESTMENT 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE1OPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 5917107 7284381 8792306 10334714 9247180 over pr.FY 23.11 20.70 17.54 -10.52 t over 78-79 23.11 48.59 74.66 56.28 Deflated 5917107 6804631 7483571 8037410 6820812 1 over pr.FY 15.00 9.98 7.40 -15.14 t over 78-79 15.00 26.47 35.83 15.27 CRIMINAL JUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EINTITLEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HIGHEREDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 SOCIAL SERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 as..sans:saaxzaszxxa:aaazaasassaaszsx:xazx:x sax:ssazaa azzaxa=vxsaxasaaaaasazax=zxaxaxaxsxs TOTALS 5917107 7284381 8792306 10334714 9247180 % over pr.FY 23.11 20.70 17.54 -10.52 % over 78-79 23.11 48.59 74.66 56.28 Deflated 5917107 6804631 7483571 8037410 6820612 % over pr.FY 15.00 9.98 7.40 -15.14 6 over 78-79 15.00 26.47 35.83 15.27 Page 18 83-921 0-HKs 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 CCKMU14ITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 CRIMINALJUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENTITLEMENTS------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 4744353 6389345 8373114 3080747 7373190 4 over pr.FY 34.67 31.05 -63.21 139.33 9 over 78-79 34.67 76.49 -35.06 55.41 Deflated 4744353 5968542 7126775 2395927 5438538 1 over pr.FY 25.80 19.41 -66.38 126.99 8 over 78-79 25.80 50.22 -49.50 14.63 HIGHER EDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 SOCIALSERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 235000 i over pr.FY ! over 78-79 Deflated 0 0 0 0 173338 1 over pr.FY I over 78-79 ssassssas sss=ssazazaaa=sass:asas�asasaszasaszasa=asaasar,s zasssszsc=asssasass=zaasasasasnoz TOTALS 4744353 6389345 8373114 3080747 7608190 t over pr.FY 34.67 31.05 -63.21 146.96 1 over 78-79 34.67 76.49 -35.06 60.36 Deflated 4744353 5968542 7126775 2395927 5611877 i over pr.FY 25.80 19.41 -66.38 134.23 % over 78-79 25.80 50.22 -49.50 18.29 Page 19 93-921 q PER CAPITA Information in this section provides a per capita analysis by source of revenue. In constant 1978/79 dollars, per capita figures for each of the three major funding sources by fiscal year are as follows Source 1978/79 1979/80 1980/81 1981/82 1982/83 Federal 334.32 323.20 314.87 252.38 251.10 State 201.34 220.18 218.76 208.42 218.92 Local Govt. ----------------------------------------------------------- 249.46 228.04 249.37 257.92 262.98 Total 785.12 771.42 783.00 718.72 733.00 The population figures used in arriving at per capita figures were provided by Metro —Dade County and are as follows: Calendar Year: 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Total Pop (millions) 1.545 1.590 1.626 1.732 1.739 Several observations may be made from this data: 1. The overall decline in constant dollars (i.e., adjusted for inflation), some 6% since 1980/81, amounts to about $50 per person in Dade County. Over the entire five—year study period, the per capita decline was $52. 2. The decline in constant federal dollars per capita since 1980/81 has been 20%. Since 1978/79, it has been 25X. 3. Constant state dollars per capita have been relatively steady at approximately $218-220 since 1979/80. Overall, the increase since 1978/79 has been 8.7%. 4. Local government funding has shown the only per capita in— crease in constant dollars since 1980/81. It showed an in— crease of 5.5X, or about $14 per Dade County resident. The proportion of total constant funds per capita that came from each of the three major funding sources have shifted considerably over the study period: Proportion of Total Source 1978/79 1980/81 1982/83 Federal 40% 38% 32X State 24% 26% 28% Local Government --------------------------------------------------------------- 30% 30% 33% Total 94Z 94% 93% Page 20 83--921 0 FINDINGS BY PROGRAM AREA COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The Community and Economic Development program area includes operat- ing costs for public transportation, public housing, other assisted hous- ing, community revitalization and economic development. The growth in federal expenditures in this program category is largely a result of an in- crease of 136% in operating subsidies for assisted housing and other hous- ing allowance programs and of 47% for Metrobus, in actual dollars over the five year study period. The total number of housing units subsidized during this period in- creased by 25%. Increased federal expenditures are a result of the in- crease in number of housing units and a rise in costs per unit subsidized. Federal funds for the operation and continued expansion of subsidized housing programs show no reduction during the five years studied. Because of the lag time between the provision of federal funds and their expendi- ture at the local level, cutbacks in federal housing funds in the 1983 Federal Budget will not be reflected locally until 1985. There is a compen- sating trend in a shift toward the provision of more community develop- ment funding for operation of housing programs and less for the operation of public facilities. Total transportation operating funding has continuously increased since 1978/79. Fluctuations in that trend are largely due to the schedul- ing of expenditures: There was a major Metrobus increase between 1979 and 1980 because of a carryover of unspent federal funds from FY'79 to FY'80, while a 96% increase in Metrorail funding between 1979 and 1983 follows the pace of construction, which began in 1981. The growth in local govern- ment funding in this category has exceeded 100X, apace with the over 100% increase in Metrobus operating costs. Federal funding for Metrobus has in- creased 92% over the study period. While fare raises have matched the rate of inflation, the increase in operating costs has exceeded it. Economic development has become a very high priority for both public and private sectors. Funding in this category has increased nearly 100% during the study period. Following the civil disturbances of 1980, the Governor established the Dade Community Revitalization Board to serve as a catalyst for community development, and the Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce led a private sector effort which raised $6.9 million to operate a Business Assistance Center in Liberty City. Page 21 .83-921 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOURCE 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 29546521 43244688 42780545 52872006 60745032 1 over pr.FY 46.36 -1.07 23.59 14.89 1 over 78-79 46.36 44.79 78.94 105.59 Deflated 29546521 40396592 36412660 41119087 44806143 1 over pr.FY 36.72 -9.86 12.93 8.97 1 over 78-79 36.72 23.24 39.17 51.65 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 175250 175000 175000 0 0 1 over pr.FY -0.14 0.00 1 over 78-79 -0.14 -0.14 Deflated 175250 163474 148951 0 0 1 over pr.FY -6.72 -8.88 1 over 78-79 -6.72 -15.01 REVENUESHARING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 LOCALGOVT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 31762710 34978928 46637035 50875879 56692928 1 over pr.FY 10.13 33.33 9.09 11.43 % over 78-79 10.13 46.83 60.17 78.49 Deflated 31762710 32675215 39695112 39566679 41817270 1 over pr.FY 2.87 21.48 -0.32 5.69 1 over 78-79 2.87 24.97 24.57 31.66 PRIVATE CHARITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actua'. 31489 58800 5627 20813 6922969 1 over pr.PY 86.73 -90.43 269.88 33162.72 over 78-79 86.73 -82.13 -33.90 21885.36 Deflated 31489 54927 4789 16186 5106451 1 over pr.FY 74.43 -91.28 237.98 31448.57 1 over 78-79 74.43 -84.79 -48.60 16116.62 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Def l and 0 0 0 0 0 ENDOWKENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 OTHER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 RENT/INVESTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 5917107 7284381 8792306 10334714 9247180 1 over pr.FY 23.11 20.70 17.54 -10.52 1 over 76-79 23.11 48.59 74.66 56.28 Deflated 5917107 6604631 7483571 8037410 6820812 1 over pr.FY 15.00 9.98 7.40 -15.14 1 over 78-79 15.00 26.47 35.83 15.27 - aaaaa rsarsa asaaarsasaaaaaaaaaaasaaarasaaasaaaarasssasaraasarasaaaaaaaaaaasaarssaasaaaasass TOTALS 67433077 85741797 98390513 114103412 133608109 1 over pr.FY 27.15 14.75 15.97 17.09 1 over 78-79 27.15 45.91 69.21 98.13 Deflated 67433077 80094842 83745085 88739364 98550677 1 over pr.FY 18.78 4.56 5.96 11.06 1 over 78-79 18.78 24.19 31.60 46.15 Page 22 83-92.1 f f CRIMINAL JUSTICE The major expenditures documented in this category are the local government funds spent for Metro Police, City of Miami Police and the administration of the local courts. These expenditures nearly doubled. The federal Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) was phased out during the study period, with funding eliminated in 1980/81. LEAA funds supported programs in the categories of Criminal Justice System responsiveness and improvement, juvenile justice, and crime prevention. Metro -Dade County government has provided $2 million in the 1982/83 budget to continue pursuing many of the former LEAA priorities. This lo- cal funding covers areas such as ex -offender counseling and placement ser- vices, comprehensive youth services, legal assistance, community involvement in crime prevention, rape treatment, and victim assistance. Recommended projects for FY'83 indicate a continuing County commitment, particularly in the juvenile justice area. Page 23 L30 0 4 CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 2437769 2629845 1896522 283028 210421 over pr.FY 7.88 -27.88 -85.08 -25.65 t over 78-79 7.88 -22.20 -88.39 -91.37 Deflated 2437769 2456643 1614224 220113 155208 over pr.FY 0.77 -34.29 -86.36 -29.49 over 78-79 0.77 -33.78 -90.97 -93.63 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 197295 70646 95076 19871 0 1 over pr.FY -64.19 34.58 -79.10 -100.00 f over 78-79 -64.19 -51.81 -89.93 -100.00 Deflated 197295 65993 80923 15453 0 1 over pr.FY -66.55 22.62 -80.90 -100.00 t over 78-79 -66.55 -58.98 -92.17 -100.00 REVENUE SHARING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 LOCALGOVT------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 120338052 126964070 159727889 194908665 226437925 over pr.FY 5.51 25.81 22.03 16.18 % over 78-79 5.51 32.73 61.97 88.17 Deflated 120338052 118602216 135952392 151582417 167022877 t over pr.PY -1.44 14.63 11.50 10.19 1 over 78-79 -1.44 12.98 25.96 38.79 PRIVATE CHARITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 55099 84310 117806 115477 98207 t over pr.PY 53.02 39.73 -1.99 -14.96 1 over 78-79 53.02 113.81 109.58 78.24 Deflated 55099 78757 100270 89807 72438 s over pr.FY 42.94 27.32 -10.43 -19.34 over 78-79 42.94 81.98 62.99 31.47 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENDOWKENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 OTHER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 RENT/INVESTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 sa�ssaaaas:s�aas��a�a sssssssssssasaass�ssa�sssasssarsassas�:aaasssas:aasrsssaasaas saaaaasaa TOTALS 123028215 129748871 161837293 195327041 226746553 t over pr.FY 5.46 24.73 20.69 16.09 t over 78-79 5.46 31.54 58.77 84.30 Deflated 123026215 121203610 137747811 151907793 167250524 1 over pr.FY -1.48 13.65 10.28 10.10 1 over 78-79 -1.48 11.96 23.47 35.94 Page 24 83-921 EDUCATION --PUBLIC SCHOOLS This program area includes primary and secondary education expendi- tures in public schools (Kindergarten through the 12th grade), educational improvement programs, special programs and vocational education. All major funding sources for this program area show a growth of ex- penditures since 1978/79. State expenditures show the highest increase, 20.5%, and local government expenditures increased by 3.67% over the same period. Of federal funds expended on public schools, approximately half are received for the purpose of serving target populations through special pro- grams such as educational improvement, bilingual education, education to the handicapped and vocational education. The other half is federal sup- port for the school lunch program. The Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA), which addressed the effects of segregation in schools with a high concentration of Black students, lost direct federal funding for 1982/83. In the 1982/83 fiscal year, ESAA mon- ies were consolidated with those of 19 other categorical grants into a Block Grant. In 1981/82 and in actual dollars, the twenty consolidated grants had totalled $3.9 million, while the ESAA grant had amounted to $586,000. Consolidation brought a net reduction in funding to $2.1 mil- lion. Dade County Schools will continue selected components of the program, which includes academic excellence labs, career labs and intergroup relation labs, with an allocation of some $300,000 the first fiscal year. The following data provided by Dade Public Schools indicates costs per pupil for the student population excluding federal and state categorical funds. It also gives the per pupil share of the latter funds calculated as though the allocations were made to the total school population rather than to targeted groups. Per Pupil Costs and Allocations 1978/79 1979/80 1980/81 1981/82 1982/83 No. of Pupils 228,592 226,155 232,951 Per Pupil $ 1,584 $ 1,682 $ 1,802 Costs Fed. + State $ 444 $ 327 $ 370 Categ. Funds Per Pupil Page 25 224,580 222,058 $ 2,084 Unavailable $ 356 $ 366 83--921 0 4 EDUCATION 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41233794 48817003 50453802 48575658 53921093 Actual 1 over pr.FY 18.39 3.35 -3.72 11.00 over 76-79 18.39 22.36 17.81 30.77 Deflated 41233794 45601915 42943753 37777774 39772737 over pr.FY 10.59 -5.83 -12.03 5.28 over 78-79 10.59 4.15 -8.38 -3.54 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 310371860 352452403 Actual 215712051 256575709 280267076 t over pr.FY 18.94 9.23 10.74 13.56 1 over 78-79 18.94 29.93 43.88 63.39 Deflated 215712051 239677632 238549321 241379299 259972416 t over pr.FY 11.11 -0.47 1.19 7.70 f over 78-79 11.11 10.59 i1.90 20.52 REVENUESHARING----------------------------------------------------------- -------------- 0 0 Actual 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 LOCALGOVT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 173898556 163130614 199156856 247067088 244399492 1 over pr.FY -6.19 22.08 24.06 -1.08 1 over 78-79 -6.19 14.52 42.08 40.54 Deflated 173898556 152386831 169512357 192146545 180271509 over pr.FY -12.37 11.24 13.35 -6.18 over 78-79 -12.37 -2.52 10.49 3.66 PRIVATE CHARITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14935 Actual 27228 34354 38522 24191 t over pr.FY 26.17 12.13 -37.20 -38.26 1 over 78-79 26.17 41.48 -11.15 -45.15 Deflated 27228 32091 32788 18813 11016 % over pr.FY 17.86 2.17 -42.62 -41.44 1 over 78-79 17.86 20.42 -30.91 -59.54 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 10127679 9425737 9984602 13183913 12396210 % over pr.FY -6.93 5.93 32.04 -5.97 1 over 78-79 -6.93 -1.41 30.18 22.40 Deflated 10127679 8804957 8498393 10253260 9143568 over pr.FY -13.06 -3.48 20.65 -10.82 1 over 78-79 -13.06 -16.09 1.24 -9.72 ENDOWMENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 OTHER---------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- 0 0 Actual 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 RENT/INVESTNENT------------------------------------------------------ --------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 +as+++ss+asaaaaaaaassa+a+aaaasaaaaaa saaaaa:++aaaaaaaaaasaaaaaaaaa:aaaasasaaaaaaaaasaas+asa TOTALS 440999308 477983417 539900058 619222710 663184133 i over pr.FY 8.39 12.95 14.69 7.10 t over 78-79 8.39 22.43 40.41 50.36 Deflated 440999308 446503429 459536615 461575693 489171248 over pr.FY 1.25 1.92 4.80 1.58 over 78-79 1.25 4.20 9.20 10.92 Page 26 83- 921 4 HIGHER EDUCATION The Higher Education program area includes information from three uni- versities and three colleges in Dade County, representative of both pri- vate and state institutions. The data is indicative of outlays for student aid, instruction (degree and non -degree), student services, voca- tional education, academic and medical research, institutional support, curricular development and special programs. Funding for these activities, in actual dollars, showed a slight in- crease in 1982/83 over the 1978/79 level. However, in constant 1978/79 dollars, this translates into a decrease of 23.9% over the five-year study period. There was a significant loss in federal funding for higher education in 1982/83, a 20% decrease in actual dollars over the 1980/81 level. The largest areas affected were student aid programs such as loans, grants and work study programs (nearly $12.4 million), and medical research support ($9.4 million). Page 27 83-921L is IIIGHEA EDUCATION SOURCE 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 PEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 77485975 85585743 99875537 92942158 79595871 i over pr.FY 10.45 16.70 -6.94 -14.36 i over 78-79 10.45 28.89 19.95 2.72 Deflated 77485975 79949065 85009063 72282045 58710710 i over pr.FY 3.18 6.33 -14.97 -18.78 l over 78-79 3.18 9.71 -6.72 -24.23 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 993995 1431177 2303385 2514601 2654445 i over pr.FY 43.98 60.94 9.17 5.56 i over 78-79 43.98 131.73 152.98 167.05 Deflated 993995 1336919 1960526 1955630 1957945 i over pr.?Y 34.50 46.65 -0.25 0.12 i over 78-79 34.50 97.24 96.74 96.98 REVENUESHARING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 LOCALGOVT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 PRIVATE CHARITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 12321279 14102426 11871832 11600000 11500000 i over pr.FY 14.46 -15.82 -2.29 -0.86 i over 78-79 14.46 -3.65 -5.85 -6.67 Deflated 12321279 13173640 10104709 9021436 8482515 i over pr.FY 6.92 -23.30 -10.72 -5.97 i over 78-79 6.92 -17.99 -26.78 -31.16 CLIENT/T9IRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENDOWMENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 529465 478553 515574 565707 530000 i over pr.FY -9.62 7.74 9.72 -6.31 over 78-79 -9.62 -2.62 6.85 0.10 Deflated 529465 447035 438830 439955 390933 ! over pr.FY -15.57 -1.84 0.26 -11.14 i over 78-79 -15.57 -17.12 -16.91 -26.16 OTHER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 RENT/INVESTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 asrs�assaaaasaaaasassasrsaarasarraaaaaaraaaaaaasaaraaaaarsraasraaaaaaaaasasraaa:sa assrraas TOTALS 91330714 101597899 114566328 107622466 94280316 i over pr.FY 11.24 12.76 -6.06 -12.40 i over 78-79 11.24 25.44 17.84 3.23 Deflated 91330714 94906661 97513130 83699068 69542103 • over pr.FY 3.92 2.75 -14.17 -16.91 i over 78-79 3.92 6.77 -8.36 -23.86 Page 28 83--9"1 0 4 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING The Employment and Training category includes public service employ- ment, remedial education, youth training and employment programs, vocation- al rehabilitation, English -as -a -Second -Language instruction, and other training. The federal expenditures have declined by 80% in constant dollars during the five-year study. Perhaps the most dramatic decline occurred when the Public Service Employment Program (PSE) was totally eliminated by the U.S. Department of Labor at the end of the 1980/81 year, and deferrals and rescissions of PSE funding during that year necessitated the early termination of training projects affecting 2,800 PSE workers. In October 1983, the Jobs Training Partnership Act (JPTA) will re- place the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973 (CETA). The transition to of the JPTA represents explicit implementation of an element of the "New Federalism". The JPTA aims at a greater private sector in- volvement and greater cooperation between the public and private sectors in vocational training, retraining, and placement efforts. It also seeks to turn over administration of JPTA funds to the states. Given these elements, it cannot be gauged prior to institution of JPTA what its per recipient funding or service impacts will be. Like CETA, the new Act is not a program for directly delivering services, but a federal funding source and a management system for state and local institu- tions and programs which actually deliver services. Under JPTA, funds will go directly to states rather than to federally designated prime sponsors. The prime sponsor for CETA-funded programming in Dade County has been the South Florida Employment and Training Consortium (SFETC). Its role will be diminished by the diversification of types of assistance and assis- tance providers under JPTA. The role of SFETC has been diminishing during transition to the new structures for fiscal administration. SFETC funding declined approximately $90 million in 1978/79 to an approximate $24 mil- lion in 1981/82, a loss of 73% in actual dollars or 80% in constant dol- lars. Analogous expenditures in fiscal year 1983-84 are expected to drop further to $20 million. Page 29 83--921 0 s EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 89858590 73048421 56592931 29415027 23950821 • over pr.PY -18.71 -22.53 -48.02 -18.58 • over 78-79 -18.71 -37.02 -67.27 -73.35 Deflated 89858590 68237451 48169073 22876360 17666365 • over pr.FY -24.06 -29.41 -52.51 -22.77 • over 78-79 -24.06 -46.39 -74.54 -80.34 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 858286 996172 1093190 1031007 1083885 • over pr.FY 16.07 9.74 -5.69 5.13 • over 78-79 16.07 27.37 20.12 26.28 Deflated 858286 930564 930468 801824 799484 • over pr.FY 8.42 -0.01 -13.83 -0.29 • over 78-79 8.42 8.41 -6.58 -6.85 REVENUE SHARING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 LOCALGOVT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 PRIVATE CHARITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 294680 281006 342342 304462 324006 • over pr.FY -4.64 21.83 -11.06 6.42 • over 78-79 -4.64 16.17 3.32 9.95 Deflated 294680 262498 291384 236783 238990 • over pr.FY -10.92 11.00 -18.74 0.93 • over 78-79 -10.92 -1.12 -19.65 -18.90 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENDOW14ENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 OTHER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 Actual 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 RENT/INVESTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 !iildliilititiiiQiQ!!!liiiiiiiQ!!iiliiQliliili!!ii!!!i!i!!liiii!!if liii Qlilili!!!!!!i!!!i TOTALS 91011556 74325599 58028463 30750496 25358712 • over pr.FY -18.33 -21.93 -47.01 -17.53 • over 78-79 -18.33 -36.24 -66.21 -72.14 Deflated 91011556 69430515 49390926 23914968 18704839 • over pr.FY -23.71 -28.86 -51.56 -21.79 • over 78-79 -23.71 -45.73 -73.72 -79.45 Page 30 83-921 0 0 ENTITLEMENTS Entitlements are payments to statutorily eligible individuals in the form of cash, cash equivalents, or services. The programs included in this study are Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), Medicaid (health care for the indigent), and Food Stamps. The funding levels do not include assistance to refugees and entrants, which is treated separately in this report. Social Security, Supplementary Security Income (SSI) and Medicare (federal health insurance for the elderly, administered by the Social Security Administration) are not included in the Entitlements totals in this report. Although Entitlements show a 17% increase in constant 1978/79 dollars, much of that increase is based on Medicaid increases. AFDC shows an 11X decrease in constant dollars. Some 86% of this decrease occurred since 1980/81. Medicaid increased by 50%, or 11% in constant dollars. The expenditures then decreased by $29.8 million (29%) between 1980/81 and 1982/83. Food stamp expenditures, in constant dollars, increased by $6.8 mil- lion (7%) between 1978/79 and 1980/81. The expenditures then decreased by $29.8 million (29%) between 1980/81 and 1982/83. Page 31 83-921. 11 ENTITLEMENTS 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 162558835 181381212 209137359 200823187 198553344 1 over pr.FY 11.58 15.30 -3.98 -1.13 1 over 78-79 11.58 28.65 23.54 22.14 Deflated 162558835 169435445 178007263 156182200 146454932 1 over pr.FY 4.23 5.06 -11.26 -6.23 1 over 78-79 4.23 9.50 -3.92 -9.91 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 53385558 59965156 67822737 73333578 75429583 1 over pr.FY 12.32 13.10 9.13 2.86 1 over 78-79 12.32 27.04 37.37 41.29 Deflated 53385558 56015850 57727322 57032256 55637614 1 over pr.FY 4.93 3.06 -1.20 -2.45 1 over 78-79 4.93 8.13 6.83 4.22 REVENUESHARING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 LOCALGOVT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 3222000 3700000 3946000 5510000 7628000 1 over pr.FY 14.84 6.65 39.64 38.44 1 over 78-79 14.84 22.47 71.01 136.75 Deflated 3222000 3456318 3358637 4285182 5626489 1 over pr.FY 7.27 -2.83 27.59 31.30 1 over 78-79 7.27 4.24 33.00 74.63 PRIVATE CHARITIES------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENDOW14ENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 OTHER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 RENT/INVESTME4T --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 as:arrssrsssssssssrrssrs:a:assasrrsa�sasasssassrsas srrss�sssrasrssrsrasasatssrsss�sasarsss TOTALS 219166393 245046368 280906096 279666765 281610927 1 over pr.FY 11.81 14.63 -0.44 0.70 1 over 78-79 11.81 20.17 27.60 28.49 Deflated 219166393 228907614 239093223 217499639 207719035 1 over pr.FY 4.44 4.45 -9.03 -4.50 % over 78-79 4.44 9.09 -0.76 -5.22 Page 32 83-920-1 a HEALTH This program area includes outlays for public health (Dade County Health Department), publicly funded primary health care, hospitalization (Jackson Memorial and Veterans' Administration Hospitals), Dade County and Veterans' Administration nursing homes, health planning, substance abuse treatment programs, and community -based mental health programs. The data reveals that, in actual dollars, state funding for health care services have nearly tripled since 1980/81. (Figures were unavail- able for Florida state health expenditures for 1978/79.) Federal funding increased by nearly half since 1978/79 in constant dollars (45.5%). The state and federal funds shown here do not include Medicaid funds (covered under entitlements in this report) or Medicare funds. Adjusted for inflation, total health care funding increased by 36.9% over the five-year period. However, since the health care inflation rate averaged nearly 17% per year during that time, the constant dollar totals overestimate the purchasing power of health funding outlays. Local government funding shows an increase of more than 14.5% in con- stant dollars since 1978/79, with virtually all of that increase occurring since 1980-81. The majority of these local funds were used for the support of Jackson Memorial Hospital: Private charity support of such services as mental health care, home health care and visiting nursing care have remained fairly constant during the study period. It is evident that private charities have not been able to keep pace with inflation, as their outlays have decreased 18.8% in con- stant dollars. The use of client or third party payments increased by 14.35% in con- stant dollars since 1978/79. The study shows a trend toward increasing use of this type of revenue for services such as hospitalization and nurs- ing home care. Total allocations per sub -program area by funding source are found in the appendix C. Page 33 CA" E, HEALTH Source 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL------------------------------------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------- Actual 61302914 72098310 79033512 85412106 104288400 1 over pr.FY 17.61 9.62 8.07 22.10 1 over 78-79 17.61 28.92 39.33 70.12 Deflated 61302814 67349915 67269373 66425848 76924166 1 over pr.FY 9.86 -0.12 -1.25 15.80 1 over 78-79 9.86 9.73 8.36 25.48 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 10031160 2195.1966 22779713 28990378 35476454 1 over pr.FY 118.84 3.77 27.26 22.37 1 over 78-79 118.84 127.09 189.00 253.66 Deflated 10031160 20506209 19388952 22546106 26167787 1 over pr.FY 104.43 -5.45 16.28 16.06 1 over 78-79 104.43 93.29 124.76 160.87 REVENUE SHARING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 8934749 9240060 9424984 9910081 11278742 1 over pr.FY 3.42 2.00 5.15 13.81 t over 78-79 3.42 5.49 10.92 26.23 Deflated 8934749 8631509 8022075 7707169 8319312 over pr.FY -3.39 -7.06 -3.93 7.94 1 over 78-79 -3.39 -10.21 -13.74 -6.89 ADVALOREM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 47739201 50607000 57250896 65384786 74109800 1 over pr.FY 6.01 13.13 14.21 13.34 1 over 78-79 6.01 19.92 36.96 55.24 Deflated 47739201 47274022 48729100 50850401 54664129 t over pr.FY -0.97 3.08 4.35 7.50 t over 78-79 - .97 2.07 6.52 14.51 PRIVATE CHARITIES------------------------0------------------------------------------------ Actual 2342467 2530203 2617417 2727652 2577868 1 over pr.FY 8.01 3.45 4.21 -5.49 t over 78-79 8.01 11.74 16.44 10.05 Deflated 2342467 2363563 2227814 2121322 1901461 1 over pr.FY 0.90 -5.74 -4.78 -10.36 t over 78-79 0.90 -4.89 -9.44 -18.83 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 40441746 48857329 58032809 61482537 65192175 t over pr.FY 20.81 18.78 5.94 6.03 t over 78-79 20.81 43.50 52.03 61.20 Deflated 40441746 45639585 49394625 47815583 48086400 ! over pr.FY 12.85 8.23 -3.20 0.57 1 over 78-79 12.85 22.14 18.23 18.90 ENDOWMENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 Actual 4744353 6389345 8373114 3080747 7373190 t over pr.FY 34.67 31.05 -63.21 139.33 1 over 78-79 34.67 76.49 -35.06 55.41 Deflated 4744353 5968542 7126775 2395927 5438538 t over pr.FY 25.80 19.41 -66.38 126.99 t over 78-79 25.80 50.22 -49.50 14.63 RENT/INVESTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 sas a a.saasasuaassa.a asass.....suss. as.as.ssazaassssaaaaa......aaassaazaassass.sa ss.aa.. TOTALS 175536490 211674213 237512445 256988287 300296629 t over pr.FY 20.59 12.21 8.20 16.85 1 over 78-79 20.59 35.31 46.40 71.07 Deflated 175536490 197733349 2021:8717 199862360 221501796 1 over pr.FY 12.65 2.24 -1.14 10.83 1 over 78-79 12.65 15.17 13.86 26.19 Page 34 fl3-921. El A SOCIAL SERVICES The Social Services program area includes stipends and services (oth- er than health care) aimed at subsistence or human development needs of re- cipients. Social services are funded and extended by a varied combination of federal, state, local and private sources and providers. During the five-year study period, federal expenditures increased by SX and state expenditures by 22% in constant dollars. These funding sources account for approximately 75% of all social service expenditures. Local government funding decreased 6.4% in constant dollars over the study period, while private charity funding decreased by 4.4%. The use of client/third party payments as a funding source increased by approximately 49%. Local allocations of federal revenue sharing funds for Social Services increased by 42% over the five year study period. Page 35 J *14. &1. ri SOCIAL SERVICES 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 39014579 43306726 50578710 56409912 57158870 1 over pr.FY 11.00 16.79 11.53 1.33 1 over 78-79 11.00 29.64 44.59 46.51 Deflated 39014579 40454545 43050069 43870552 42160954 1 over pr.FY 3.69 6.42 1.91 1 over 78-79 3.69 10.34 12.45 8.06 STATE-- ------- ---------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------------ Actual 29711270 33594890 43368958 47908242 49041720 1 over pr.FY 13.07 29.09 10.47 2.37 1 over 78-79 13.07 45.97 61.25 65.06 Deflated 29711270 31382330 36913488 37258718 36173663 1 over pr.FY 5.62 17.63 0.94 -2.91 1 over 78-79 5.62 24.24 25.40 21.75 REVENUESHARING ------ ----------- ----------- ---------------- --------------------------- ---- Actual 4152953 4929543 5481070 6892245 7994923 1 over pr.FY 18.70 11.19 25.75 16.00 1 over 78-79 18.70 31.98 65.96 92.51 Deflated 4152953 4604883 4665212 5360167 5897135 1 over pr.FY 10.88 1.31 14.90 10.02 1 over 78-79 10.88 12.33 29.07 42.00 LOCALGOVT------------ --------- ---------------- ---------------------------- --------------- Actual 8458075 8767400 9670350 10659000 10734300 1 over pr.FY 3.66 10.30 10.22 0.71 1 over 78-79 3.66 14.33 26.02 26.91 Deflated 8458075 8189979 8230918 8289610 7917727 1 over pr.FY -3.17 0.50 0.71 -4.49 1 over 78-79 -3.17 -2.69 -1.99 -6.39 PRIVATECHARITIES------------------ ---- ---------------- ------------ ----------------------- Actual 8470030 10151233 10745367 10522395 10974151 1 over pr.FY 19.85 5.85 -2.08 4.29 1 over 78-79 19.85 26.86 24.23 29.56 Deflated 8470030 9482672 9145919 8183371 8094643 % over pr.FY 11.96 -3.55 -10.52 -1.08 1 over 78-79 11.96 7.98 -3.38 -4.43 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES -------- --------- -------- ----------------------_-_---------- ---------- Actual 2552616 3215523 4392816 4446558 5147879 1 over pr.FY 25.97 36.61 1.22 15.77 1 over 78-79 25.97 72.09 74.20 101.67 Deflated 2SS2616 3003748 3738945 3458132 3797127 1 over pr.FY 17.67 24.48 -7.51 9.80 t over 78-79 17.67 46.48 35.47 48.75 ENDOWMENTS--------------- ----------------------- -------------------------- ---- ----------- - Actual 0 0 82984 0 50000 1 over pr.FY 1 over 76-79 Deflated 0 0 70631 0 36880 1 over pr.FY over 78-79 OTHER----------------------------- --------------------- ------- - ------ ----------------- ---- Actual 0 0 0 0 235000 Deflated 0 0 0 0 173338 RENT/INVESTMENT--------------------- ------------------- ----------------------- ------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 asasaaasaataaaaaaaaaaraaasaasaaaaaaaaaaasaasaaaasaaaaasaasaaaaaa:aaarsaasaaaaa aaaasaaaasa■ TOTALS 92359523 103965315 124320255 136838352 141336843 1 over pr.FY 12.57 19.58 10.07 3.29 1 over 78-79 12.57 34.60 48.16 53.03 Deflated 92359523 97118159 105615185 106420554 104251468 % over pr.FY 5.15 8.96 0.57 -2.04 1 over 78-79 5.15 14.57 15.22 12.88 Page 36 83-921 J 6 S S C T I 0 N I I: C A P I T A L F U N D S "Capital Funds" refers to investment in infrastructure improvement such as major construction and improvement of facilities, buildings, roads and rail. The capital funds available for use in the major community programs are not adjusted for inflation. Capital funds are expended over multi -year periods. They are not directly comparable to the annual operating outlays for service programs. The total capital funding available for the five-year study period was $2.174 billion, of which $1.158 billion was expended by Dade County. Factors affecting funding fluctuations by major program category dur- ing the study include the following: Transportation The fluctuations in capital funding are explained primarily by the scheduling of capital improvements, rather than by decisions in Washington. Metrobus capital funding,for example, is largely based on the completion of projects set forth in a grant application submitted to the federal Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) in 1978. As these projects are nearing completion, capital funding decreased substantially in 1983. Similarly, apparent decreases in Rapid Transit monies in 1983 from 1979 levels do not result from federal funding cuts. Community Development Community Development funding for housing increased by approximately 92% between 1979 and 1983. This increase is due to compensatory alloca- tions following cuts in traditional housing funds. Funding for public fa- cilities decreased by 83Z and for public infrastructure improvements by 88%. This, again, was due to shifting priorities as well as completion of several planned improvements. Sousing The total number of housing units subsidized during this period in- creased by approximately 25X. The corresponding increase in federal out- lays for housing are a result of the increase in the number of units and rising costs per unit of subsidized housing. The funding increase, then, does not indicate a rising level of benefits per client. The 1983 Federal Budget authorized no funds for construction of addi- tional units of public housing. The real impact of this funding cut will not be evident until 1985, when present federal capital funds will be exhausted. Civil Disturbance Of $47 million in federal funds expended beginning in fiscal year 1981 in response to the 1980 civil disturbance in Liberty City, $2.8 mil- lion, or 6%, consisted of capital outlays. Page 37 83«-921 j A Sumury Overview of Capital Funding Fluctuations in capital funding not only for transportation but also for housing and community and economic development are due largely to the scheduling of disbursements. Community and economic development efforts increased sharply in recent years through compensatory state and local funding. Federal funding for capital improvements in transportation in the mid- and late-1980's is less certain, however, and less amenable to compensatory funding. Capital funding for traditional subsidized housing programs remained constant during the study period. Again, however, this is due to time lags in the expenditure of federal funds. The 1983 Federal Budget autho- rizes no funds for construction of additional units of public housing. This cutback will felt in 1985, when there will no longer be an expansion of these programs, in spite of the considerable and consistent demand. Page 38 $3-9 0A. A a CAPITAL PROJECTS 1978-79 1979-80 i980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 272514517 238371468 316784719 205284921 149646448 • over pr.FY -12.53 32.90 -35.20 -27.10 • over 78-79 -12.53 16.25 -24.67 -45.09 STATE----------------------------------------------------:-------------------------------- Actual 69467706 58291194 102424282 108775070 109409195 • over pr.FY -16.09 75.71 6.20 0.58 • over 78-79 -16.09 47.44 56.58 57.50 REVENUE SHARING--------------------------------------------------------------------------0 Actual 0 0 0 0 AD VALOREM----------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Actual 9493275 10024383 26128361 28589621 16345103 • over pr.FY 5.59 160.65 9.42 -42.83 • over 78-79 5.59 175.23 201.16 72.18 PRIVATE CHARITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 65000 0 0 25000 185000 • over pr.FY 640.00 • over 78-79 -61.54 184.62 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 1650000 80000 20100 • over pr.FY -95.15 -74.88 • over 78-79 ENDOWKENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 BONDFUNDS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 66268839 104400916 58391941 109258032 101223000 t over pr.FY 57.54 -44.07 87.11 -7.35 1 over 78-79 57.54 -11.89 64.87 52.75 OTBER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 343000 4689000 3114000 625000 2319000 • over pr.FY 1267.06 -33.59 -79.93 271.04 1 over 78-79 1267.06 807.87 82.22 576.09 RENT/INVESTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 aaassassas■:asaaaa:asss:ssaasaassasssaa a assassasasaaasasa a asssaaaaa sagas ssssaasssaa:sass:a TOTALS 416152337 415776961 508493303 452637644 379147846 • over pr.FY -0.57 22.30 -10.98 -16.24 • over 78-79 -0.57 21.60 6.25 -9.33 Page 39 83-921 0 ?UNDS a 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-92 1982-83 :OMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 192750 162413 172850 176034 180000 1 over pr.PY -15.74 6.43 1.84 2.25 1 over 78-79 -15.74 -10.32 -8.67 -6.61 Deflated 191750 151716 147121 136903 132769 1 over pr.PY -21.29 -3.03 -6.95 -3.02 1 over 78-79 -21.29 -23.67 -28.97 -31.12 :RIMINAL JUSTICE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 363572 1110737 900724 0 0 1 over pr.FY 205.51 -18.91 1 over 78-79 205.51 147.74 Deflated 363572 1037583 766651 0 0 1 over pr.FY 185.39 -26.11 1 over 78-79 185.39 110.87 EDUCATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENTITLEMENTS------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTH------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 HIGHER EDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 529465 478553 515574 565707 530000 1 over pr.PY -9.62 7.74 9.72 -6.31 1 over 78-79 -9.62 -2.62 6.85 0.10 Deflated 529465 447035 438830 439955 390933 1 over pr.PY -15.57 -1.84 0.26 -11.14 1 over 78-79 -15.57 -17.12 -16.91 -26.16 SOCIALSERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 82984 0 50000 1 over pr.FY 1 over 78-79 Deflated 0 0 70631 0 36880 1 over pr.FY 1 over 78-79 al/aliaalasai/iaaaaa�iaaaaaaiaaaiaf ililaallalaalaal/aa/lanai/anal ass "a!a/laaaaaa/a!/!!iaa TOTALS 1095787 1751703 1672132 741741 760000 1 over pr.FY 61.33 -4.54 -55.64 2.46 1 over 78-79 61.33 54.00 -31.69 -30.00 Deflated 1085787 1636335 1423235 576859 560583 1 over pr.FY 50.70 -13.02 -59.47 -2.82 1 over 78-79 50.70 31.08 -46.87 -48.37 Page 40 83-921. 0 A CAPITAL EXPENDITURES BY DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA FOR LAND AND STRUCTURES, INCLUDING METRORAIL, PUBLIC HEALTH TRUST, WATER AND SEWER AUTHORITY AND HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT Metro -Dade County spends the majority of federal capital funds expended locally. The following tables report county capital expenditures by both source and program area. (All figures in these tables must be multiplied by $1,000) SOURCE 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 Local Current Co. Revenues 2599 8672 8940 4966 14936 Gen.& Special Oblig. 42943 33374 60846 25659 29212 Revenue Bonds 6372 55145 156183 64533 53197 9-total Local 51914 97191 225969 95158 97345 Federal Grants 41494 45692 64713 87106 75630 State Grants 146 97 100 3651 12761 Contributions 3438 32544 97456 53812 72574 TOTALS 96992 175524 388238 239727 258310 aaaaaaaraaaaaaaasaaaraaaaaa:ass:aaaassa:aaa:saaaaaaaaaa:arrraaraaaarar PROGRAM AREA 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Community & Ec. Dev. 59992 111794 304300 155373 175283 Health 9038 4398 15798 3245 10441 Criminal Justice 40 6755 1114 65 1884 Social Service 3758 32660 43629 35489 48360 Housing 24164 19917 23397 45555 22342 TOTALS 96992 175524 388238 239727 258310 aasaaaa:raraaraa:aaaasaaaara:saaasaaasaaaaasasaa:saaraaaasraaaaarraarr NOTE: The following construction was in process as of Sept. 30, 1982: Source Current Revenues General and Special Obligations Revenue Bonds Federal Grants State Grants Contributions TOTAL Page 41 Amount (x $1,000) 45173 110207 192320 166316 23891 43135 581042 83-921L 0 a S E C T I O N I I I: C I V I L D I S T U R B A N C E A N D R E F 0 C E E S A N D E N T R A N T S Following the 1980 civil disturbance in Miami's Liberty City, federal vials promised more than $83 million in assistance. In fact, the fed - outlay was $47 million in fiscal year 1981. These funds were expend- s follows: a. Of the $47 million received, 46% or $21.9 million consisted of direct loans to businesses adversely impacted by the distur- bance. The Small Business Administration made these loans under its Disaster Assistance program. b. Economic development activities received $9.7 million, or 20% of total aid. c. Immediate employment activities and health and social services received $5.6 million, or 12%. d. Activities related to criminal justice received $2.8 million, or 6%. Some of these programs continue, specifically loans for economic and ness development. However, for the most part this infusion of federal s occurred on a one-time basis and significantly affected fiscal data fiscal year 1981. An increase of $18.28 million in Community Development funds between the 1979 and 1980 fiscal years included a $6.9 million due to a combina- tion of civil disturbance and entrant relief discretionary funding. There was a similar increase of $1.3 million in 1981/82 over 1980/81 out of a to- tal increase of $12.66 million (all in actual dollars. In the 1982 fiscal year, funding was reduced to previous levels. Out of a total $19.5 million increase in Community Development monies between the 1982 and 1983 fiscal years, $2,429,455 is attributable to updated poverty data for the area (up- on which fiscal year 1983 funding is based). There is a relationship among the impacts of poverty, civil unrest, and mass migration and the Dade County Black community. While 15.1% of Dade Countians are poor, 31.6% of the Black community is poor. The influx of Haitians and Cubans added dramatically to the numbers of poor and unem- ployed, cut significantly into service employment, made access to needed services more difficult, and made for competition for federal funding allocations at every level. Page 42 83-921 REFUGEES AND ENTRANTS Significant federal financial assistance followed the 1980 influx that brought some 140,000 Cuban and Haitian entrants into Dade County. The Fascell-Stone Amendment to the Refugee Education Assistance Act of 1980, enacted October 10, 1980, authorized cash assistance and social ser- vice benefits to Cuban -Haitian Entrants. This legislation provided for up to 100% federal reimbursement for certain state and local expenditures tied to General Assistance, medical care, and social services to entrants. This assistance was additional to Food Stamp aid and social services that entrants were already receiving under state eligibility requirements. The aid was entirely separate from the federal Cuban Refugee Program assis- tance extended to Cuban refugees who arrived in the United States during the twenty years preceding the Mariel exodus of 1980. Between enactment of the Fascell-Stone legislation and the end of 1982, Florida received $80 million of a total of $100 million "Fascell- Stone" monies expended nationwide, as well as $25 million in education and other funds earmarked specifically for the state. For their part, Florida state and local governments estimate their expenditures at more than $150 million to date in unreimbursed costs related to the Cuban/Haitian influx. Cash and medical assistance for refugees and for Cuban -Haitian Entrants who had lived in the United States 18 months or longer was termi- nated in June 1982. The Fascell-Stone legislation had authorized up to 36 months of payments and services, so that limiting it to 18 months re- quired no special legislation. The only refugees and entrants to continue to receive benefits for an additional 18 months were those eligible for Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Supplemental Security Income. Since there are near- ly 5,000 Cuban/Haitian Entrant families receiving AFDC in Dade County, the AFDC extension is particularly significant. An impact aid grant of $31 million given to Florida following the June 1982 funding cut-off will assist temporarily during a transition to a much greater state and local fiscal burden for entrants. Most impact aid in Dade County at present is being used for employment services ($9.5 million), health care ($8 million), criminal justice ($1.7 million) and emergency food and shelter ($2 million). Federal expenditures began to decline in 1982/83 as anticipated. The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS) reports that some funds received in 1980/81 and 1981/82 are still being used in the social service system. Page 43 83-9" 1 0 Refugee and Cuban/Haitian Entrant food stamp outlays have accounted for a significant proportion of total food stamp expenditures in Dade: 18% in 1980-/81, 17% in 1981/82 and 19% in 1982/83. These Refugee and Entrant funds, given below, have been excluded from all foregoing calcula- tions and analysis in this report. (However, the data was not available in time to be applied to the computer printout Appendix D, which gives ag- gregate food stamp totals only.) The 1982/83 figures are projections based on the outlays for August to December 1982. Food Stamp Outlays in Dade County for Refugees And Entrants Actual Dollars Constant Dollars 1980/81 25,163,250 21,417,700 1981/82 21,025,520 16, 351, 757 1982/83 21,725,051 16,024,614 Fiscal data in the tables that follow was extracted from program ar- eas in which Refugee and Entrant funding was indicated. These areas in- cluded Education, Entitlements, Employment and Training, Criminal Justice, Health and Social Services. Funding sources reported are federal, state and private charity. State funding data for the first three fiscal years and county funding data for all five years were unavailable for this study. Page 44 83-9021. 0 REFUGEE / ENTRANT Source 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 FEDERAL--------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------- ----------- Actual 27388319 28275902 90267611 87806007 75409440 1 over pr.FY 3.24 219.24 -2.73 -14.12 1 over 78-79 3.24 229.58 220.60 175.33 Deflated 27388319 26413651 76831277 68287609 55622757 over pr.FY -3.56 190.88 -11.12 -18.55 over 78-79 -3.56 180.53 149.33 103.09 STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 6352430 4876044 1 over pr.FY -23.24 t over 78-79 Deflated 0 0 0 4940348 3596618 over pr.FY -27.20 over 78-79 REVENUESHARING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ADVALOREM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 PRIVATE CHARITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 151142 363640 426428 335156 217375 % over pr.FY 140.59 17.27 -21.40 -35.14 t over 78-79 140.59 182.14 121.75 43.82 Deflated 151142 339690 362954 260654 160337 1 over pr.FY 124.75 6.85 -28.19 -38.49 1 over 78-79 124.75 140.14 72.46 6.08 CLIENT/THIRD PARTIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 ENDOWKENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 OTHER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 RENVINVESTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 0 0 0 Deflated 0 0 0 0 0 wssr:sawrrrrrrrwwrrsawwswsssswssrwwassrwrwrwwrwrrwsrwwrrrsrwrwrwrrrrsrwrsrrwsrwwsrwsswrrsr TOTALS 27539461 28639542 90694039 94493593 80502859 t over pr.tY 3.99 216.67 4.19 -14.61 t over 78-79 3.99 229.32 243.12 192.32 Deflated 27539461 26753341 77194231 73488612 59379713 t over pr.FY -2.85 188.54 -4.80 -19.20 t over 78-79 -2.85 180.30 166.85 115.62 Page 45 83-921 r� F] REFUGEE/ENTRANT EXPENDITURES Purpose 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------- Actual 0 0 2510040 682017 88564 1 over pr.FY -72.83 -87.01 1 over 78-79 Deflated 0 0 2136420 530411 65325 1 over pr.FY -75.17 -87.68 1 over 78-79 CRIMINAL JUSTICE-------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ Actual 0 $87547 0 0 1966000 Deflated 0 548851 0 0 1450141 EDUCATION----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 15143632 14561778 24353577 16436839 13608872 1 over pr.FY -3.84 67.24 -32.51 -17.21 1 over 78-79 -3.84 60.82 8.54 -10.13 Deflated 15143632 13602739 20728547 12783094 10038040 1 over pr.FY -10.18 52.39 -38.33 -21.47 1 over 78-79 -10.18 36.88 -15.59 -33.71 HEALTH------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 0 0 3578996 12076486 10458758 1 over pr.FY 237.43 -13.40 1 over 78-79 Deflated 0 0 3046262 9392003 7714484 1 over pr.FY 208.31 -17.86 1 over 78-79 SOCIALSERVICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 151142 363640 13186819 20132065 19865592 1 over pr.FY 140.59 3526.34 52.67 -1.32 1 over 78-79 140.59 8624.79 13219.97 13043.66 Deflated 151142 339690 11223960 15656908 14653059 t over pr.FY 124.75 3204.18 39.50 -6.41 1 over 78-79 124.75 7326.10 10259.07 9594.90 AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEPENDENT CHILDREN (AFDC) -------------------------------------------- Actual 5427080 6030089 8857222 12079002 6456033 1 over pr.FY 11.11 46.88 36.37 -46.55 1 over 78-79 11.11 63.20 122.57 18.96 Deflated 5427080 5632947 7538824 9393960 4762034 over pr.FY 3.79 33.83 24.61 -49.31 1 over 78-79 3.79 38.91 73.09 -12.25 GENERALASSISTANCE ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual 6097507 6775008 7164571 11735494 6233989 1 over pr.FY 11.11 5.75 63.80 -46.88 1 over 78-79 11.11 17.50 92.46 2.24 Deflated 6097507 6328805 6098124 9126811 4598252 1 over pr.FY 3.79 -3.64 49.67 -49.62 1 over 78-79 3.79 0.01 49.68 -24.59 FOODSTAMPS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual Not Avail. Not Avail. 25163250 21025520 21725051 f over pr.FY -16.44 3.33 1 over 76-79 Deflated 0 0 21417700 16351757 26024614 1 over pr.FY -23.65 -2.00 1 over 78-79 HIGHER EDUCATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Actual 720100 321480 5879564 326170 100000 1 over pr.FY -55.36 1728.91 -94.45 -69.34 1 over 78-79 -55.36 716.49 -54.70 -86.11 Deflated 720100 300307 5004390 253665 73761 1 over pr.FY -58.30 1566.42 -94.93 -70.92 1 over 78-79 -58.30 594.96 -64.77 -89.76 aassaasss:...:sass:aaasasasaaaa saasaasa:sx:sasass.aamaseaasxsass:sass sass aaa aasasaasaa amaa TOTALS 27539461 28639542 90694039 94493593 80502659 1 over pr.FY 3.99 216.67 4.19 -14.61 over 78-79 3.99 229.32 243.12 192.32 Deflated 27539461 26753341 77194231 73488612 59379713 1 over pr.FY -2.85 188.54 -4.80 -19.20 1 over 78-79 -2.85 180.30 166.85 115.62 Page 46 83--921 0 LJ S E C T I O N I V: I N T E R P R E T I V E A N A L Y S I S Part I of this study is empirical, or quantitative, in nature. It is composed largely of statistical data for the study period, along with in- formation that places the final data in context. Greater Miami United al- so conducted a social service impact study to gauge the effect of federal funding changes on monies available to social service agencies in Dade County and on the agencies' clients. The New Federalism Task Force formed subcommittees to analyze statistical data and assess the immediate and future impact of changes in federal funding patterns. SOCIAL IMPACT STUDY The results of the social impact survey are interpretive and represent the views and perceptions of survey respondents. While the quantitative ana- lyses contained in Section I of this report is largely objective, informa- tion in this section is essentially subjective and represents informed speculation by program operators and knowledgeable committees. The social impact study and committee trend analyses are given here to separate them from the earlier, more empirical analysis. GMU undertook a survey of local social service agencies to attempt to measure how they perceived the impact of federal funding cuts on their agency and their clients. Some 130 questionnaires were distributed and 60 responses were received. In cases of umbrella agencies, where there were multiple responses by sub -agency or sub -program, each was counted as a sin- gle agency response. Appendix B gives agency codes and names for these nine respondents, as well as codes and names for each major type of service. The information elicited from the survey is tentative for a number of reasons. First, the responses amount to a large (not necessarily representative) sample rather than a complete survey. Secondly, the social impact information is less precise than the fiscal data used in the earlier part of this study, as social service providers often found it difficult to distill out of their budgetary and service records the categorical impacts requested. These responses and optional written elaborations are very interpretive. Thirdly, quantifiable trends, such as those concerning client counts by year, are difficult to elicit from the data. Of the service codes reported, twenty showed discernible trends over the entire range of respondents as to quantitative levels of service. Nine of the service codes were reported up over the study period and two were up in the last two years. Two were down over the study period, while seven were down since 1981/82. These findings are summarized below. Because of the limitations of the quantifiable data, percentages given are rounded to the nearest 10, while most trends are only generally characterized: Page 47 83 -921 0 SERVICE LEVELS Code Service Result (1978 to 1982) 101 Employment Procurement Services +400% 103 Special Employment Assistance +100% 303 Housing Services Generally up 402 Informal and Supplementary Education Services +50% 703 Day Care --Children Generally up 705 Homemaker Assistance +200% 706 Auxiliary Social Services Generally up 707 Recreation Service Generally up 104 Financial Aid Services -70% 209 Crisis Intervention Service -70% Code Service Result (1981 to 1982) 102 Employment Training Services Generally up 702 Family Substitute Foster Care Service Generally up 708 Social Adjustment Services Gained 1,000 clients 204 Medical Care Service Generally down 301 Food, Agricultural and Nutrition Service Generally down 304 Transportation Services Generally down 401 Special Education Generally down 701 Family Preservation, Strengthening Service Generally down 709 Social Development Generally down 804 Information b Referral (Separately organized) -30Z. The single striking feature of these patterns is the increase in em- ployment -related services despite recent federal cutbacks in the Employment and Training category and despite the fact that 4.1% of the agencies reported a negative impact in this category ensuing from those cutbacks. The earlier fiscal analysis for this category showed that, Page 48 -90 83 6 while federal funding for these services declined nearly 22.7% between the 1982 and 1983 fiscal years, state funding increased 5.13: and private char- ity funding increased 6.42%. The increase in services in this category can be attributed to the urgency of unemployment during the most recent re- cession, somewhat compensatory funding from non-federal sources, and ser- vice delivery adjustments allowing a quantitative increase in services. In addition to information by service code, the social service im- pact questionnaire requested certain operational information to be as- sessed since fiscal year 1980. This information included changes in funding by source, in the manner of extension of services and in staffing organization, including relationships with other agencies. The major perceived single impact was a "loss in federal funds" it- self, a loss reported by 22X of the responses. The percentage reporting a loss of state funds was less than 10%. Significant effects appeared in the extension of services. Of all respondents, 12% reported a "shorter duration of services", while 13% re- ported finding it necessary to "change the nature of their services". Service cutbacks entailed "a reduction in the number of recipients" for 17% of the respondents. Several organizational impacts were reported by a substantial percent- age of the respondents. Fully 17% indicated a forced reduction in full- time delivery staff, while 10% had to reduce administrative/supervisory staff. Formation of new cooperative relationships with other agencies be- came necessary for 17% of the respondents, and 11% of all respondents need- ed to request funding assistance from agencies never before approached for aid. Only 182 of the respondents reported their agency organization unaf- fected by federal funding policy. COMMITTEE REPORTS In addition to the survey, information is forthcoming from committee reports attending to major program areas. There were committees reporting for Community and Economic Development, Education (including higher educa- tion), Health and Social Services. As mentioned previously, the commit- tees' quantitative findings were combined with fiscal survey data in the first part of this study. The section below summarizes committee interpre- tations of major trends. COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT It will be recalled that this category includes operating costs for public transportation, housing, and community development, exclusive of capital projects. In public transportation, federal operating funding has effectively decreased since 1981/82. As the federal operating subsidy has been deter- mined by a formula based primarily on population and population density, it has remained fairly constant in actual dollars during the study period. The cost of providing public transportation, however, has increased fast- er than general inflation. The net effect is that, in Page 49 83 Zi 0 constant dollars, federal funding lags behind costs, requiring commensu- rate increases in ad valorem funding. The Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 eased much of the fear that the New Federalism would hurt public transportation efforts. Federal funding in this sub -program area, from transportation planning to Metrobus operating costs, is not likely to decline sharply. Nonetheless, the rise in costs suggests that operations funding needs for both Metrobus and Metrorail will increasingly depend upon local sources. Some federal transit operating assistance is currently provided through a block grant mechanism that allows local government maximum dis- cretion in the use of funds. Such mechanisms, consistent with New Federalism, should ease local assumption of greater funding for transit operations. While there is greater competition for federal funds under current cutbacks, Reagan Administration policies do not appear to have had a di- rect negative impact on community development funding. Funding in 1983- 84 is actually expected to be slightly higher than the current fiscal year. This is due to the use of updated poverty data for the area (which is a determining factor in establishment of federal funding levels). EDUCATION / SIGSER EDUCATION The GMU Education Committee, the Office of Federal Projects Administration of Dade County Public Schools, and college and university administrators who were consulted expressed a common concern about educa- tional expenditures. This concern hinges on the traditional role of the federal government of addressing areas of special needs and promoting equal educational opportunities for all citizens. Pursuant to this role, the federal government has long made available to both school districts and institutions of higher education supplemental resources for the disadvantaged, the handicapped, those with limited English proficiency, and other selected areas. Non -recurring programs and research have been supported on an ad hoc basis. Funding support for spe- cific target groups makes per capita data analyses and projections diffi- cult. Non -recurring competitive grant support is variable by nature. Administrators of local institutions of higher education reported that, to date, the most significant changes in federal funding are in CETA vocation- al training funds and in certain areas of student aid. They reported that while the perception of faculty and students is that general student aid and assistance for target populations such as the disadvantaged, has been severely cut, in fact cutbacks have been scattered and relatively moder- ate. Some of the variation between the 1982 and 1983 fiscal years is tied to the fluctuating generation of competitive grants. While federal dollars have not kept pace with inflation, administra- tors reported, the level of funding has not precipitously declined. Taken together, public school and higher education funding shortfalls are quite significant, but they are moderate in relation to prevailing perceptions. Page 50 83-9':1 The Education Committee noted several short-term and long-term trends affecting education locally: a. Data reported in the fiscal section of this study for the 1982- 83 school year were affected by the termination of several tempo- rary programs. The use of 1980 census information in determin- ing formula grant programs will significantly increase these grants, given Dade's rapid population growth from domestic popu- lation movement and international migration. b. The Florida Congressional Delegation aggressively and successful- ly sought supplemental funding for local education programs which would otherwise have been cut. Continued advocacy of this nature may be anticipated. C. The proposed elimination of the U.S. Department of Education would disperse federal education functions among cabinet agen- cies and a national education foundation. Such a step would af- fect coordination of educational policy in Washington and among Washington, Tallahassee, and Dade County. It would drastically reduce the federal role in education and the availability of fed- eral funds. d. Current funding practices suggest that block grants and consol- idations proposed under New Federalism will significantly reduce available federal funds. Leaving funding decisions concerning desegregation, bilingual education and education programs for the handicapped and other special populations to the states may lead to a neglect of these national concerns. HEALTH The Health Committee reported in detail on both current and long- term implications of changes in federal funding practices. It noted that the rise in health care costs consistently outstrips inflation. For in- stance, while the 1982 inflation rate was somewhat over 5%, health care costs rose 15%, down only slightly from their 16.5% increase in 1981. Rising health care costs and increased demand due to population growth will magnify the social impact of any cutbacks in federal funds for health services. One of the most significant local effects of diminished federal fund- ing to date has been in the public health category. The Dade County Health Department has closed three out of its nine decentralized clinic sites because of decreased federal funding. Although primary health care spending is up over 100% since 1978/79, and federal funding for free- standing non-profit primary care centers has increased 25Z since the 1979 fiscal year, these funds represent only 4: of the federal funds reported for the period. Mental health and substance abuse sub -programs all show five year trends of increasing allocations until the 1983 fiscal year's 16% reduction. What is noteworthy are the year-to-year shifts in types of services funded. Jackson Memorial Hospital's figures also show a five- year increase. Part of this has been impact grants for refugees and en- trants, the future of which funding is uncertain. Page 51 83-82i 0 a Should major federal funding cutbacks be implemented in coming years, the health care financing responsibility of state and local governments, private insurers and employers will increase accordingly. As with all of the program areas studied, it is a question of the pace and level at which compensatory funding can come into play. The Health Committee's subjective assessment is that dollars and cents do not tell the entire story. Although the sub -program data collect- ed for this study shows a steady rise in federal funds for most social ser- vices, three important observations should be shared: 1. The rate of increase in numbers of persons served has exceeded the rise in funds; 2. The rate of increase in the costs of providing health services has been higher than the increase in revenue; 3. New Federalism policies are just beginning to result in actual funding reductions. SOCIAL SERVICES The effects of a decrease of 3.9% in constant federal dollars for so- cial services between the 1982 and 1983 fiscal years were reported in the fiscal analysis and social impact survey sections of this report. The Social Services Committee report summary here, therefore, is limited to trend analysis. As funding decreases, social service expenditures turn more to acute care rather than preventive care. While the State Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services has thus far absorbed both federal cuts and re- ductions in state general revenue, the next stage of cuts may force cut- backs in direct and contracted services. Private social service providers will be faced with sharply increased demand due to the elimination or phase -out of Cuban/Haitian Entrant eligibility for federally -funded services. A review of pending state and federal legislation reveals possible capping of federal appropriations for 22 social service programs at fiscal year 1983 levels in 1984-85. Federal funding of programs for the aged may decrease 5% from $671 million in fiscal year 1984. Combined with sharp cutbacks in Entrant monies and Employment and Training funds, these devel- opments could well exceed the compensatory capacity of state and local gov- ernments and the United Way. Page 52 83-921 0 9 AppIIMIX A Fiscal Survey Respondents 83-921 0 a ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Professional Advisory Panel Hall Tennis Metro Dade County Chairman Harvey Abrams Barry University Kay Flynn Metro Dade County David Grober Metro Dade County Jack Rose Metro Dade County Ann Woods United Way Committee Chairpersons Alan Wulkan Dade County Transportation Community & Economic Administration Development Tee S. Greer Dade County Public Schools Education Kay Flynn Metro Dade Department of Social Services Human Resources Gary Thompson Health and Rehabilitative Entitlement Programs Services Linda S. Quick Health Systems Agency for Health South Florida Jeff Silbert Dade -Miami Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Council The successful completion of this study depended on the cooperation of many public and private agencies within Dade County. We received assistance from the following individuals either as members of program committees or questionnaire respondants. Joseph Alfano, South Florida Employment and Training Consortium John Baldwin, City Manager's Office of Miami Betty Lou Barbieri, Community Action Agency Luis Borges, United Way, Inc. Tom Breslin, Florida International University John Brigman, Dade -Miami Criminal Justice Council Mary Pat Cain, United Way, Inc. John Carpenter, Florida International University Lazer Cohen, Greater Miami Jewish Federation Barbara A. Cruse, Catholic Community Services Lee Faulconer, Mt. Sinai Medical Center Leo Flores, Metro Dade Community and Economic Development Leonard Fox, South Florida Hospital Association 83-921 0 of Mary Smith, Christian Community Service Agency Patricia McGovern, Areawide Agency on Aging Miriam Franchi-Alfano, Health and Rehabilitative Services Art Granzeier, Catholic Community Services Mario Jardon, Northwest Dade Community Mental Health Center Gladys A. Kane, Department of Community Affairs and Human Services, City of Miami Beach Kathy Leff, City of Miami Paul Libert, Dade County Department of Public Health Fred Marinelli, Mayor's Office, City of Hialeah Ernie Martin, Metro Dade Community and Economic Development Gerald O'Neil, Dade County Office of Health Services Laurette Plunkett, University of Miami Maria Rubio, Dade -Monroe Mental Health Board Harry Russell, Metro Dade Office of Handicapped Opportunities John Schmidt, Veterans Administration Hospital Charles I. Shannon, Dade County Housing and Urban Development Jeffrey M. Silbert, Dade -Miami Criminal Justice Council Dale Smith, Dade County Medical Association Charlotte St. John, Dade -Monroe Mental Health Board Harriett Spivak, South Florida Employment and Training Consortium Elliott Stern, Greater Miami Jewish Home & Hospital for the Aged Horace Traylor, Miami Dade Community College Donna Turman, Dade County Transportation Administration Cherie Vick, Dade County Housing and Urban Development Ann Woods, United Way, Inc. Leon W. Zucker, Public Health Trust Shirley Taylor-Prakelt, City of Hialeah Sara Gomez, City of Hialeah Francena Culmer-Brooks, Dade County Office of Management & Budget Alan Wulkan, Dade County Transportation Administration Pat McCann, Federal Medicare William J..Messick, Barry University Jose R. Tonarely, Public Health Trust James Gibbs, Office of Health Services John Trenholm, Comm. Health Center of South Dade Jessie Trice, Economic Opportunity Family Health Center Beverly Press, Stanley Meyers, CHC John L. Scheidt, Veterans Administration Medical Center Jesus Gonzalez -Pita, Catholic Community Services Mary Smith, Christian Community Services Agency Mark Malatak, City of Miami Beach James Mooney, Dade County Youth & Family Development Nathan Skolnick, Greater Miami Jewish Federation Miriam Zatinsky, Jewish Comm. Centers of South Florida Eugene Greenspan, Jewish Vocational Service Robert E. Schlichter, United Protestant Appeal Willie Mary Givens -Meyers, Urban League of Greater Miami, Inc. David Tabor, Biscayne College Roscoe Warren, Florida Memorial College Timothy Czerniec, Barry University Katherine Kennedy, Florida International University Adrian Katz, Miami Dade Community College, South Gary Thompson, Florida HRS Gail Wright, Association For Retarded Citizens Shaye Ross, Dept. of Community Affairs & Human Services Marti Walsh, Lutheran Ministries 83-921 a a 11ario Jardon, Northwest Cade ','ental Health Center Jose Paredes, Jackson Memorial Hospital Carmen Corbett, Bertha Abess Children's Center Richard Heiens, Dade County American Red Cross Emilio Lopez, Borinquen Health Center Margarita Duque, Catholic Home for Children Nelson Rodney, Centre for Counseling & Education Inc. Susan DeLaRind, Centro Campesino-Farmworker Center Sylvia Ben, Charron Williams College Nancy Ponn, Child Care Center at Florida International University Laurence Dayton, Childrens Psychiatric Center Caleb Davis, Coconut Grove Family Center, Inc. John Shaughnessy, Comm. Mental Health Center Guarione Diaz, Cuban National Planning Council Evelyn Touchton, Development Services Bureau, Inc. Joan Svaldi Farr, Dade -Miami Criminal Justice Council William Jacobs, Jr., Epiiespsy Foundation of South Florida Gloria Harris, Girl Scout Council of Tropical Florida, Inc. Martha Cohen, Greater Miami Jewish Federation Peter Morales, HRS Children, Youth and Families Charles Bethel,HRS Children, Youth and Families Anchew Healy, Jr., HRS Children, Youth and Families H. Holman, HRS Children, Youth and Families Bruce Edgerly, HRS Children, Youth and Families Michael Grubbs, HRS Children, Youth and Families Liane Palacin, HRS Aging & Adult Services ILleana C. de la Pena, HRS Economics Services Ellison Shapiro, HRS Economics Services G.H. Watson, HRS Vocational Rehabilitation Karlene Peyton, HRS Medicaid Program Office Phyllis Siderits, HRS Childrens Medical Services Jeff Oppenheim, Fellowship Ho0se Dale Hinebaugh, Homestead USO David Gersh, Jewish Family & Childrens Services Eugene Greenspan, Jewish Vocational Service Dick Moran, Catholic Comm. Services Ms. Mosley, Liberty City Health Services Center Deborah Karray, Miami Mental Health Center David Spivack, Sinai Medical Center Charlotte Oliver, National Council of Jewish Women Norma Mercer, Day Nursery Michele Balks, New Directors for Handicapped Maurice 'Wallace, OIC Inc. of Dade County Mary Taylor, Parent Resource Center of Dade County Thomas Mullen, Passagageway Residence Dennis Moss, Perrine Crime Prevention Program Michael S. Griffey, Private Industry Council of Dade County Cynthia Finney, Senior Centers of Dade County Inc. Sallie Walker, St. Abrams Day Nursery Fintan Muldoon, St. Vincent Hall Laurie Ford, 'WHURU Alcohol Program Albert Harriet, United Family and Childrens Services Barbara Kaufman, United Home Care Services, Inc. Michael Culotti, United Way of Dade County Dorothy Zimmer, Visiting Nurse Association of Dade County Herman Williams, YMCA of Greater Miami Steve Mainster, Centro Campesino 0 ypE IX B Social BrPact Survey Respondents 83-921, a a AGENCY 1 Association for Retarded Citizens 2 Bertha Abess Children's Center 3 Bounquen Health Care Center 4 Catholic Home for Children 5 Catholic Community Servuces 6 Centro Campesino 7 Child Care Center at F.I.U. 8 Christian Community Service Agency 9 Cocnut Grove Family Center, Inc. 10 American Red Cross 11 Greater Miami Jewish Federation 12 HRS 13 Jewish Community Centers of South Florida 14 Jewish Family.& Children's Service 15 Children's Medical Services 16 D.C. Youth -Family Development 17 Liberty City Health Services Center 18 The Center for Counseling and Education, Inc. 19 Girl Scout Council 20 Family Health Center (Econ. Opportunity) 21 M OCC 22 Dade County Public Schools 23 University of Miami 24 Fla. International University 25 Fla. Memorial College 26 Fellowship House 27 D.C. Human Resources 28 Dade -Miami Criminal Justice Council 29 Biscayne College 30 CHI - Community Mental Health Center 31 Perrine Crime Prevention 32 Jewish Vocational Services 33 Miami Bridge 34 Homestead, U.S.O.. 83-921 04 a # AGENCY 35 Epilepsy Foundation 36 YMCA 37 Urban League 38 United Way 39 Deaf Services Bureau 40 Visiting Nurse Association 41 United Home Care 42 Uhuru Alcohol Center 43 United Family and Children's Services 44 Senior Centers of Dade County 45 St. Vincent Hall 46 St. Albans Day Nursery 47 Parent Resource Center 48 Opportunities Industralization Center 49 New Direction for Handicapped People, Inc. 50 Mt. Sinai Medical Center 51 Miami Mental Health Center 52 National Council of Jewish Women 53 Day Nursery 54 D.C. HUD 55 Cuban National Planning Council 56 Children's Psychiatric Center 57 Passageway Residence 58 Private Industry Council of Dade County, Inc. 59 James E. Scott Cammnity Association 60 Charron Williams College 83-92JL A a APPENDIX C ,Methodology 83--921 04 A INFLATION COMPUTATIONS To compute the deflated price. totals used in this report, the implicit price deflators for GNP were first taken from the relevant issues of Survey of Current Business. The implicit price deflator for 1978 was 152.05 and this was used as the base figure, (100ro). The implicit price deflators for 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1982 were 162.77, 178.64, 195.51, and 206.14 respectively. By dividing the base figure, 152.05, by each corresponding year, a "deflated" percentage was computed. The following computations were used to arrive at the deflated percentages for each year: Deflated Percentages 1978-79 - 152.05/152.05 = 1.0 1979-80 - 152.05/162.77 = .93414 1980-81 - 152.05/178.64 = .85115 1981-82 - 152.05/195.51 = .77771 1982-83 - 152.05/206.14 = .73761 In order to arrive at a deflated total, the above deflated percentages were multiplied by the totals reported in the survey. Example: 1979-80 - Total = $1,000.00 Deflated Total = 1,000 x .93414 = $ 934.14 Population This report uses population figures supplied by the Metro -Dade County Planning Department as follows: Calendar Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Total Population 1.545.000 1.590.000 1.626.000 1.732.000 1.739.000 83-921, .0 A DATA ELEMENTS UMBRELLA 1. Not Applicable 6. Catholic Community Services 2. United Way 7. U.S. Government 3. Dade County 8. State of Florida 4. City of Miami 9. Higher Education 5. Greater Miami Jewish Federation AGENCIES 1. Fla. H.R.S. 25. JESCA 2. City of Hialeah 26. Public Schools (D.C.B.P.I.) 3. City of Miami 27. Barry University 4. City of Miami Beach 28. Biscayne College 5. OC Community Action Agency 29. Florida International University 6. OC Community & Economic Development 30. Florida Memorial College 7. DC Dade -Miami Criminal Just. Council 31. Miami -Dade Community College 8. OC H.U.D. 32. University of Miami 9. OC Human Resources 33. Other Agencies 10. DC Youth & Family Development 34. V.A. 11. DC Transportation Administration 35. J.C.C. 12. Health Systems Agency 36. Office of Health Services 13. Mental Health Board 37. Dade County Medical Association 14. So. Fla. Empl. & Trng. Consortium 38. HACAD Clinic 15. Area -Wide Agency of Aging 39. So. Dade Community Health Center 16. Catholic Community Services 40. CM Community & Economic Development 17. Greater Miami Jewish Federation 41. DC Office of Management & Budget 18. Centro Campesino 42. Borinquen Center 19. Christian Community Services 43. Jewish Vocational Services 20. Public Health Trust 44. Coconut Grove Family Center 21. Lutheran Ministries 45. Family Health Center 22. United Protestant Appeal 46. Stanley Meyers 23. United Way 24. Urban League PROGRAM AREAS 1. Community & Economic Development 7. Community & Economic Dev. Capital 2. Criminal Justice 8. Employment & Training 3. Education - Public Schools 9. Refugee Entrant 4. Entitlements 10. Civil Disturbance 5. Health 11. Education Capital 6. Social Services 12. Education - Higher Education CLIENT AGES 1. Children 6. All Ages - 2. Youth (12-17) 7. Other 3. Family 8. Children & Youth 4. Adult (18-54) 9. Youth & Family 5. Elderly (55 and older) 10. Unspecified 83-82JL 4' A CLIENT TYPES 1. Refugee 7. Offenders 2. Entrant (4/80 - 11/80) 3. Other 3. Migrant 9. Civil Disturbance 4. Disadvantaged 10. Unspecified 5. Handicapped 11. Veterans/Military Personnel 6. Businesses FUNDING SOURCES 1. Federal 2. State 3. Revenue Sharing 4. Ad Valorem S. Private Charity 6. Client 3rd Party FEDERAL FUNDING IDENTIFICATION 1. Administration on Aging 2. Airport 3. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, M.H. Block 4. Arts 5. Assistance Payments 6. Child Welfare 7. Community Development Block 8. Community Services Block 9. Crime Prevention 10. Employment and Labor 11. Food Stamps 12. General Revenue Sharing 13. Head Start 14. Health Planning & Crisis 15. Highway 16. Historic Preservation 17. Legal Services 18. Local Education Block 19. Low Income Energy Assistance 20. Mass Transit 21. Maternal & Child Health Block 22. Preventive Health Service Block 23. Primary Health Care Block 24. Public Health Services, Other 25. Refugee/Entrant 26. School Food 27. Social Services Block 28. State Education Block 29. Student Aid 30. Vocational Rehabilitation Services 7. Endowments 8. Bond Funds 9. Other 10. Rent/Investment Inc. 31. Water, Sewer, Waste 32. U.S. Dept. of Education 33. Dept. of Defense 34. Nat'l Endowment for Humanities 35. Dept. of Energy 36. Nat'l Science Foundation 37. Small Business Development Inst. 38. Environmental Protection Agency 39. Older American Act 40. C.S.A. 41. U.S. State Department 42. HRS/R.D. 43. C.S.T.F. 44. Dept. of Medicine and Surgery 47. Other Education Grants 48. Dept. of Interior 49. Other Education Grants 50. Not Applicable 51. Medicaid Title XIX 52. Title IV-D 53. Cuban Refugee Admin. 54. Impact Aid 55. Title IV-B (Child Welfare) 56. ESLA 89-317 57. Title XVI SSI Disabled Child 58. Health T.B. Hospital Ins. 59. Title XI General Testing 60. LEAA 83-921