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S P ECIAL
C.O M MISSION
14 1 N U T E. S
OF METING HELD ON ' IULI 1, 1997
PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK
CITY HALL
WALTER FOEMAN
CITY CLERK
A 04
INDEX
MINUTES OF SPECIAL MEETING
July 1, 1997
ITEM SUBJECT LEGISLATION PAGE
NO. NO.
1. DISCUSSION CONCERNING SINGLE DISCUSSION
MEMBER DISTRICT MAPS USING CENSUS 7/1/97
TRACT DATA VERSUS BLOCK DATA --
PRESENTATION BY CONSULTANT
REGARDING 5 - MEMBER AND 6-MEMBER
DISTRICT MAPS -- PUBLIC HEARING --
FURTHER DISCUSSION CONCERNING
STAGGERED TERMS / PRECINCT CHANGES
AND VOTERS NOTIFICATIONS / ACCURACY
OF VOTER REGISTRATION DATA / COST OF
EXPANDING CITY COMMISSION / LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS OF SINGLE MEMBER
DISTRICT PROPOSAL / DELINEATION OF
POWERS OF EXECUTIVE MAYOR -- DIRECT
ADMINISTRATION TO REVIEW FEASIBILITY
OF INSTALLING SCREEN BEHIND DAIS IN
THE CHAMBER FOR PUBLIC VIEWING.
2. SCHEDULE SPECIAL COMMISSION M 97-443
MEETING FOR JULY 3, 1997 AT 7:A.M. -- 7/1/97
FURTHER INSTRUCTING DEMOGRAPHIC
CONSULTANTS TO PREPARE 7-MEMBER
DISTRICT PROPOSAL.
3. DIRECT CITY ATTORNEY TO PREPARE R 97-444
CHARTER AMENDMENT BALLOT QUESTION 7/1/97
FOR DISTRICT ELECTIONS AND EXECUTIVE
MAYOR -- PROVIDE CITY COMMISSION
WITH REPORT OUTLINING
RESPONSIBILITIES OF DADE COUNTY'S
EXECUTIVE MAYOR -- DRAFT STRONG
MAYOR DOCUMENTS USING DADE COUNTY
AS MODEL -- DRAFT CONCISE BALLOT
QUESTION.
2-60
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65-69
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MINUTES OF SPECIAL MEETING OF THE
CITY COMMISSION OF MIAMI, FLORIDA
On the 1st day of July, 1997, the City Commission of Miami, Florida, met at its regular
meeting place in the City Hall, 3500 Pan American Drive, Miami, Florida in regular session.
The meeting was called to order at 7:13 a.m. by Mayor Joe Carollo with the following
members of the Commission found to be present:
ALSO PRESENT:
ABSENT:
Mayor Joe Carollo
Vice Mayor Tomas Regalado
Commissioner J. L. Plummer, Jr.
Commissioner Wifredo Gort
Aaron Weeks, Chief -of -Staff
A. Quinn Jones, III, City Attorney
Walter J. Foeman, City Clerk
Maria J. Argudin, Assistant City Clerk
Edward Marquez, City Manager
Commissioner Humberto Hernandez
An invocation was delivered by Reverend Henry Nevin, after which Commissioner
Plummer then led those present in a pledge of allegiance to the flag.
Commissioner Plummer: Mr. Mayor, just to make an announcement that I made to you, and that
is due to the fact that I must attend a funeral this morning I will have to leave these chambers no
later than eight thirty this morning, but I will be available to be back at eleven, for the rest of the
day, but I must leave at eight thirty.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Commissioner. If we need to, then we will stop at eight thirty and
reconvene then at eleven.
Commissioner Plummer: Thank you, sir.
NOTE FOR THE RECORD: Commissioner Plummer announced
he had to leave at 8:30 a.m. and would return at 11:00 a.m.
1 July 1, 1997
,�Vq)
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1. DISCUSSION CONCERNING SINGLE MEMBER DISTRICT MAPS USING
CENSUS TRACT DATA VERSUS BLOCK DATA -- PRESENTATION BY
CONSULTANT REGARDING 5 - MEMBER AND 6-MEMBER DISTRICT
MAPS -- PUBLIC HEARING -- FURTHER DISCUSSION CONCERNING
STAGGERED TERMS / PRECINCT CHANGES AND VOTERS
NOTIFICATIONS / ACCURACY OF VOTER REGISTRATION DATA / COST
OF EXPANDING CITY COMMISSION / LEGAL REQUIREMENTS OF
SINGLE MEMBER DISTRICT PROPOSAL / DELINEATION OF POWERS
OF EXECUTIVE MAYOR -- DIRECT ADMINISTRATION TO REVIEW
FEASIBILITY OF INSTALLING SCREEN BEHIND DAIS IN THE
CHAMBER FOR PUBLIC VIEWING.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mayor Carollo: We had asked for on Saturday morning for new redistricting plans that would
comprise of additional districts of six and fours using the census tracks, along with additional
districts for five using the census tracks and not using the census tracks. To the best of my
knowledge, all of us received copies of the new redistricting plans yesterday afternoon
sometime. Is the professor that we hired to help us along in drawing these maps present this
morning, Commissioner Gort.
Commissioner Gort: Yeah, Professor Allan Lichtman is here. And, I have asked him for the
sake and the benefit of everyone. And, Mr. Mayor, if you don't mind, to go through the whole
procedure that we went through and the reasons why. Professor Lichtman.
Dr. Allan Lichtman: Commissioner, would you like me to speak from here?
Mayor Carollo: That will be sufficient, yes. Thank you.
Dr. Lichtman: Morning, Mr. Commissioners, public. Thank you very much for inviting me here
to speak to you about the process whereby plans were drawn and to briefly go over the specific
plans that at the request of the Blue Ribbon Committee and this Commission were drawn by
myself and Dr. Rudolph Wilson of Norfolk State University. The process by which we drew
plans was in an effort to draw plans that conformed as closely as possible to neighborhood
groupings within the City of Miami and of course in this sense both Dr. Wilson and myself are
outsiders. We are not conversant with the ins and outs of the City itself from personal
experience. So, we relied upon objective information in looking at the neighborhoods and in
looking at socioeconomic commonalities in terms of the ways in which we drew the districts. In
addition, although we did not draw districts on this basis, we also once we drew the districts
looked at the ethnic and racial breakdowns of those districts in terms of the three major
groupings within the City of Miami, Anglos, Hispanics and African -Americans because any plan
must conform to the Voting Rights Act which requires that groups have equal opportunities to
elect candidates of their choice. And, of course the community would like to consider the
opportunities of various ethnic and racial groups within the City. But, the plan was not drawn on
the basis of race or on the basis of electorbility, but rather on our outside objective look at the
neighborhood maps and the socioeconomic maps and were modified somewhat by public input
at the public hearings. Also, of course, any map drawn for the City of Miami as is true of any
map drawn for any jurisdiction in the United States, be it County, State, City or the United States
Congress as well must conform to the basic principles of one person one vote as laid down by
the United States Supreme Court and for a local districting plan like this one, the rough "rule of
thumb" that we used was a maximum deviation from the average of ten percent. That is, you
2 July 1, 1997
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could go five percent above or five percent below but we tried not to go beyond those basic
guidelines which have been laid down by the court. So, those are the fundamental principles.
Neighborhood maps, socioeconomic commonalities and of course conformity with one person
one vote. We also in looking at the City of Miami basically laid out maps with two different
configurations. One configuration which was the configuration recommended ultimately by the
Blue Ribbon Committee was to create one district which essentially united the coastal
communities. If we have a map. Another basic concept was in essence to divide the coastal
communities and create districts that run east to west as opposed to a north to south district. If I
can illustrate that with the map with the communities on it. While he is doing that, let me also
stress that any redistricting plan is a process. That, while we develop certain basic concepts and
laid out certain basic lines, these lines are not at this point etched in stone. Obviously, there is
tremendous expertise on this Commission that we do not have and certainly while we present
these as illustrative maps, we are not in any way presenting these as final maps. And, even if the
Commission decides to basically adopt one of the configurations that we have set forth in
response to your request and the committee's request, certainly any of the individual lines,
provided you stay within one person one vote and the basic community patterns can be modified
and in fact, we have already modified some lines in response to input from the community. So,
again, this is a process and the process is by no means complete. It is also my understanding that
there is currently within -- here we go -- one basic concept was to unite the upper east side, parts
of Wynwood, Edgewater, downtown, piece of Coral Way and the Coconut Groves, to basically
create a district that unites the coastal communities, and when you come out with the
demographics it ultimately turns out to be the district that has the most substantial Anglo
population with it. The four district plan and the six district plan that were recommended by the
Blue Ribbon Committee both have an Anglo district that runs along the coast, as do the five one,
the plans with five districts that we just recently produced in response to the Commission
request. The basic concept behind this was that there you can preserve several of the
communities in tact by creating a coastal district and also when you look at the socioeconomics,
the Coconut Grove areas have much in common with the upper east side and they are preserved
within a single district. It is also my understanding that there are two ways in which any map
can be adopted by the City or any plan rather. One, of course is through submission to the
voters, the other of course is through submission through the courts. It is possible if all parties
agree to have a court ordered plan just as it is possible to have a plan adopted by the voters. If
the plan is adopted by the voters, any plan, no matter what it is, is still subject to judicial
scrutiny. Simple because a plan is adopted by the voters that does not exempt the plan from
judicial scrutiny. Any plan is still open to scrutiny either under the existing lawsuit or possibly
other judicial proceedings. With these preliminaries then out of the way, let me briefly go
through some of the plans that were put forth by myself and Dr. Wilson in response. And, all the
plans we developed were in response to requests by the Blue Ribbon Committee and by this
Commission. We did not on our own initiative come up with any individual plans. Rather, we
were at all times responding to the community, the committee and the Commission. The most
recent plans that we drew, were plans incorporating five, single member districts within the City
of Miami. And, the only difference between the two five district plans that we drew was one
plan was based on census blocks which is the smallest unit of census geography. Another plan
was based upon census tracts which combine a number of blocks into a larger unit of census
geography. Other than that distinction which results in some small differences on the map and
some small differences in the statistics that accompany the map, the basic concept behind the
two five district plans are fundamentally the same. Do we have the five district there?
Unidentified Speaker: I can't see the map, you are in front of it.
Dr. Lichtman: Oh, you want me to move?
Unidentified Speaker: Turn the map a little closer to me. (phonetic)
K
July 1, 1997
46A
[At 7:19 a.m. Commissioner Hernandez entered the Commission chamber.]
J Commissioner Plummer: You know, Mr. Mayor, one of the things we miss here and I think we
ought to consider at the County, they have a television screen up here. No, that's... No, don't
laugh that's what they have and the people in the audience can look up into the screen and see
exactly what we are seeing. I think we ought to consider.
Mayor Carollo: Yeah, well, that's something to keep up for the future.
Dr. Lichtman: Can everybody see this map, now that I have kind of scrunched to the side a bit.
This is, it's called Plan 5-2, which has no particular significance to it other than a label. It is a
five district plan using census tracts, the larger unit of census geography. And, as you can see, as
in other plans that we developed, it has a coastal district including the Groves, much of
Downtown, a piece of Wynwood/Edgewater, the upper east side and part of the Little Haiti
community. It has an additional district based squarely on the communities of Model City and
Little Haiti and coming down to pick up much of the Overtown area and part of the downtown.
It has another district which incorporates all of Flagami and part of West Little Havana. Another
district which is Allapattah and part of East Little Havana and a fifth district based primarily on
the Coral Way area with part of the East Little Havana included. As, I said, these lines in terms
of the five district plan are illustrative in response to the Commission or the community they
certainly can be adjusted. But, I think the basic pattern of the districting here is clear. The
coastal district, the Model City and Little Haiti district, Flagami, Coral Way and Allapattah. In
terms of the statistics of this plan, it preserves the one person, one vote principle. It is well
within the plus and minus five. In fact, the largest district is only about two percent
overpopulated and the smallest district is only about two percent underpopulated. So, while we
have ten points to work with, in fact the deviations are only about four points. In terms of how
this map breaks down with respect to the ethnic and racial groups within the City, this district
based on Model City and Little Haiti is district number one. You can follow along on the
handout we have. If you look at district number one, you can see in terns of its population it is a
heavy majority African -American district with an African -American percentage in terms of the
voting age population of seventy-nine percent. District two, in the five district plan is a mixed
district. In terms of the voting age population, it is about equally divided between Anglos at
about thirty-six percent, Hispanics of about thirty-six percent and African -Americans at about
twenty-seven percent. Of course, if one looked at citizen population it would be a more
substantial Anglo and African -American district with a pluarlity a substantial pluarlity Anglo in
terms of the citizen population because of the adjustments in citizenship that one would make for
the Hispanic population. Then we have districts three, four and five in the Hispanic
communities. All of which are very substantial Hispanic districts. Whether in terms of voting
age population or in terms of the citizen population, these are all very substantial majority
Hispanic districts. So, this plan does provide opportunities for different ethnic and racial groups
within the City to elect candidates of their choice. I will quickly go through plan 5-1, which is
the same basic plan with very similar statistics, slightly different. It's based upon the census
block. You can see again, you have a coastal district, Model City and Little Haiti, Allapattah,
Flagami and West Little Havana, Coral Way and parts of East Little Havana. The same basic
concept. It does come out a little bit because you can do that with blocks to put all of the
Overtown community in District 1. And, again in terms of the demographics of the district, it's
within the ten percent deviation. It creates one substantial African -American majority district.
The second district is a little bit more Anglo than it was on the 5-2, thirty-seven percent Anglo,
thirty percent African -American and thirty-one percent Hispanic. And, again Districts III, IV,
and V are all very heavily Hispanic districts whether based upon voting age population or citizen
voting age population. We will now go through some of the other configurations. The
committee recommended a six and a four district configuration. And, this five is kind of a
compromise between the two as you will see in a moment. And, we will also, which we drew
based on blocks, we were also asked to draw them based on tract. So, 1-think we have plan 6-3,
4 July 1, 1997
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which is the sixth district configuration based upon tracts. So, it has one additional district above
the five district plan. Again, you have the coastal district keeping in tact the Groves and upper
east side. You have a district based on much of little Haiti. A district substantially based upon
Model City. Again, a district based upon Flagami with part of West Little Havana. A Coral
Way district with parts of East Little Havana and a district based upon Allapattah and also part
of East Little Havana. If you look at the.... again, this was drawn based on the neighborhoods
and the socioeconomics. When you look at it in terms of the breakdown of the populations there
is District I, which is substantial majority African -American at 65 percent. District II which is
likewise a majority African -American at fifty-one percent and would be much larger in terms of
citizen population, because the next substantial demographic group is the Hispanic group at
forty-one. We then have the coastal district which has under the five district configuration is a
mixed district, but would be plurality Anglo in terms of the citizen population, and then again,
three very heavily Hispanic districts. So, that's plan 6-3, which is a modified version of the
original six district plan that we submitted in this case using tracts. We also developed a four
district plan using census tracts which is a modification of the original plan that we developed
using blocks. And, now we are down to four districts.
Unidentified Speaker: [inaudible -- speaker is off the microphone]
Mayor Carollo: Excuse me, sir, I am sorry. It's not open right now for the public. If, when we
get to that point, we will advise you of it. Well...
Unidentified Speaker: (inaudible -- speaker is off the microphone)
Mayor Carollo: Sir, once we get to that point, you know, we will let you ask your questions.
But, we need to proceed with this in an orderly fashion.
Dr. Lichtman: Shall I continue, Mr. Mayor?
Mayor Carollo: Yes, please.
Dr. Lichtman: Thank you. Again, all these maps have the same fundamental configuration
except obviously they differ in terms of the numbers of districts and the populations. There is a
coastal district here, in the four district plan. A district based on Model City and Little Haiti. A
district that includes Flagami, much of Allapattah, part of West Little Havana and again, the
district with Coral Way and part of the Havanas. In terms of the demographic breakdown, the
coastal district is slightly majority Hispanic, fifty one point five, thirty-one percent Anglo and
sixteen percent Black. The district based on Little Haiti and Model City is substantial African -
American at seventy-five percent and the districts based on Flagami and Coral Way are both
substantial Hispanic at close to ninety percent as in the other plan. So that's a four district plan
with a coastal district, a district based on Model City and Little Haiti, Flagami area moving
eastward and the Coral Way area. So, those are the basic configurations, the five, the four and
the six district plan. I will also briefly put up the original six district plans that we submitted.
District Plan 6-2C is a slightly modified version based upon the public hearings of our original
six district plan, based upon... This was drawn based upon blocks not drawn based upon census
tracts but you can see, you get the same basic configurations that we just looked at in our six
district plan. I am not going to go over it all again. It is fundamentally the same except in
District number three, you now have a smaller Hispanic population and a larger Anglo
population. This district is pretty evenly divided between Anglos and Hispanics. In terms of
population, it would be a substantial plurality Anglo district in terms of citizen population. We
then next... I think we will pass on 6-213, or just quickly look at it. This was the original -- 6-213
was almost the same except we slightly modified it to include more of the Overtown area in the
district based on Little Haiti. We then had our original four district plan, which was Plan 4-2,
and I am not going to spend a lot of time with this plan either. It's very similar to the one we just
5 July 1, 1997
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went over which was four districts based on tracts. This is four districts based upon blocks and it
comes out with a very similar configuration and a very similar set of demographics. In addition,
although they were not recommended by the committee, we had a four district plan and six
district plan that cut the coast and had districts running east west. These were labelled plans 6-1
and 4-1. You can see its got quite a different configuration form the four district plan where the
coastal district, this plan divides the coast in half and in terms of the major differences between
this and the coastal plan for four districts, it does not create any district without substantial and
Anglo representation as does the four district plan that creates a coastal district. And, we also
have a 6-1, which you can see divides the coast into three portions and again does not create any
single district that is as substantially Anglo as the plan which unites the Groves and the upper
eastside in a single coastal district. Finally, although it was not recommended by the committee
j we also produced a couple of cluster plans which created larger districts within the City. We
created a two cluster plan and a three cluster plan, if there would be any consideration of
clustering smaller districts within larger districts. This is the two cluster plan and essentially
divides the City in half creating district two, which in its demographics is very substantially
Hispanic. And, District I, which is essentially divided between African -Americans and
Hispanics in terms of population, but would be plurality African -American in terms of citizen
population. And, finally, we developed a three cluster plan, which in essence divides the City
into three pieces creating two fairly substantial Hispanic districts at sixty-five percent or over,
Districts II and III, and one substantial African -American district at about sixty percent. So, as
you can see, we have been busy. Developed quite a few alternatives in response to both what the
committee asked us to do and what this Commission asked us to do. Again, to recapitulate, all
of these maps were drawn based on neighborhoods, socioeconomics, input from the community
that the basic configuration that came out a committee was a four district plan with a coastal
district, a six district plan with a coastal district. In addition to that, at the request of the
Commission we created a five district plan which kind of blends the four and the six. And,
obviously, whichever plan is adopted in addition, decisions have to be made about the election of
a Mayor and a five district plan with an odd number as oppose to a four or six district plan would
likely create some differences with respect to how the Mayor would be treated. And, again,
none of these plans are set in stone. None of these plans in there are fine, details need to be
adopted in terms of any language that the Commission decides today or at subsequent meeting to
put on the ballot and modifications are always possible. I think that completes my pretty formal
presentation. I am happy to respond to any Commission questions.
Commissioner Gort: Mr. Vice Mayor. I would like to recognize Commissioner Burke is here.
Representative Meek and School Board member Manti Sabates. We also have Representative
Bush here, also.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Well... Any questions? I have a question. To you knowledge has a plan
been approved by the voters and then challenged in court?
Dr. Lichtman: Oh, yes, that happens all the time. In essence all plans get approved by the
voters, you know, at one point or another. That does not in any way stop a plan from being
challenged in the court. And, they could be challenged on a number of different basis. They
can be challenged on a Voting Rights basis, in terms of the Voting Rights Act. They could be
challenged constitutionally in terms of their opportunities for minorities within the City. They
could be challenged on one person, one vote. And, there is a new doctrine which has been
developed over the last four years by the Supreme Court, which briefly put, it gets complicated,
says you cannot draw plans predominantly based upon race. A plan could be challenged on that
basis as well.
Mayor Carollo: If I may acknowledge State Representative Meek that's here with us. Thank
you, very much for joining us this morning and Commissioner Burke from Dade County
government. Thank you for being here this morning. We also have School Board member
Manti Sabates Morse is also here with us. And, I don't believe...
6 July 1, 1997
visvAf
Commissioner Plummer: State Rep.
Mayor Carollo: State Representative Bush just came in, also. Thank you, again for joining us
this morning.
Dr. Lichtman: I am happy to respond to any other questions from the Commission.
Commissioner Hernandez: Doctor, what's the relevance of voting... using voting age population
in your studies.
Dr. Lichtman: Of course the deviations are based upon total population...
Commissioner Hernandez: Right.
Dr. Lichtman: And, you could stick to that. The only advantage of going to voting age
population it's just a... it's a derivative of the total population is that those... that represents those
groups potentially able to cast ballots in an upcoming election. But, the deviations are based
upon the total population.
Mayor Carollo: Let me ask a question of you right now, but I am going to need you right there
of Mr. Leahy that is in the corner. Thank you for also joining us this morning, Mr. Leahy. If
you could come up for a minute please, to the mike. How many hours would you imagine that it
would take you to give us the actual voting percentages on some of the districts that he has
drawn?
Mr. David Leahy: It would probably take a couple days to come with actual registered voters on
the different plans. And...
Mayor Carollo: OK, at most, a couple of days it will take you?
Mr. Leahy: ... those probably, even at that would be guess work. It wouldn't be exact figures
because we don't have the ability to... We would have to actually divide the population through
the computer system, which we won't have time to do, but we could come up with a pretty
accurate guesses in a couple of days for the various plans.
Mayor Carollo: OK, very good. Thank you, sir. Go ahead.
Dr. Lichtman: I am at your disposal for any other questions.
Commissioner Plummer: David, what is the actual... your latest count of voters in the City?
Mr. Leahy: That I didn't bring with me, Commissioner. I think we are probably about one
hundred and twenty-five, one hundred and thirty-five thousand.
Dr. Lichtman: We have it right here. We did bring it. It's very, very good, David. One
hundred and thirty-five thousand four seventy as of November...
Commissioner Plummer: One thirty-five?
Dr. Lichtman: One thirty-five four seven zero as of November of 1996, which would be of
course a high point of registration because of the presidential election.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Well, but David, remember that we had had about two different
ceremonies for citizenship and as of June, as of May 31st, I think that you closed the books with
7 July 1, 1997
a higher... and not higher percentages of voters, but because you took some of the voters off the
lists, some moved and then new voters came in. So, I think that would change somehow the
numbers and the different areas in terms of ethnicity.
Commissioner Plummer: It's probably more.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Is that correct?
Mr. Leahy: That's correct, Commissioner. We are always gaining new registered voters and
you are right there are citizenship hearings going on and a lot of those people do register to vote.
We are also doing file maintenance this year which we are required to do by law, and that's a
two-step process. First, we are required to move people whose address has been changed with
the Post Office. Actually, move those voters into their new precincts and we have already done
that process. We are in our second phase and that is, where people have moved out of Dade
County by their Post Office, change of address, we are required to notify those people and
probably in another twenty-five days we will be removing those people from the active rolls. So,
it's a lot of fluctuation going on with the rolls, but we are probably one hundred and thirty-five
thousand, one hundred and forty thousand registered voters total for the City of Miami.
Vice Mayor Regalado: No, no, no. I know that. But, what I am saying is that we have seen a lot
of changes within that number in terms of the different communities.
Mr. Leahy: Absolutely. Your Hispanic registered voters continues to climb whereas your Anglo
registered seems to decline throughout the City and Dade County as a whole.
Vice Mayor Regalado: David, I know how your department works and it does very well. I
worked with you many times and... How long will it take for you to change all the precincts,
have the voting cards in the hands of the voters and have the possibility of absentee ballots ready
for an election?
Mr. Leahy: In my opinion, there is not time enough between potential September 4th and
approval of a plan and November 4th to actually create new precincts. What we would
recommend is to actually where district lines split precincts to create two groups. Have
everybody go to the same precinct, but people would be voting on different ballots within the
precincts. We looked at the two new five plans and there is approximately ten to fifteen
precincts that are split, would be split by district lines. And what we would have to do is to
create two groups within the precinct, identify which people are in this district and which people
are in this district. We would have to create separate precinct registers so it would be a list of
those people that could vote in this district and a list that could vote in this district. And, that
would probably take two months for us to accomplish which is durable. We would have to
begin... I mean, if you adopted a plan this week, we would have to begin now, even prior to
approval by the electorate. But, it is possible to divide that and to conduct the November
election with the new districts.
Commissioner Hernandez: What is the cost to notification of the voters, of each voter?
Mr. Leahy: Well, let me say that the cost to accomplish just dividing the districts and being able
to produce precinct registers in those splits would cost about fifty to sixty thousand dollars
($60,000) just to do that work. My guess is, at that point, you would have to at least notify the
voters in the split precincts as to which district they belong. So, when they go to the polls in
November, they would know which precinct register to vote in. And, I don't know how many
people would be affected in the split, so I don't know the cost of the mailing. But, the cost of just
getting us to the point where we could do the mailing is about fifty to sixty thousand dollars
($60,000).
8 July 1, 1997
Vice Mayor Regalado: Would you be paying that or us?
Mr. Leahy: This would be something, I believe the City would be responsible for doing.
Commissioner Plummer: You don't think he is going to say he is going to pay for it, do you?
Vice Mayor Regalado: I knew that.
Commissioner Plummer: He is not going to volunteer, I mean, you know.
Vice Mayor Regalado: I knew that.
Commissioner Plummer: Let me ask a question, if I may? How does this affect, for example as
I brought up the other day, where we are seeing today people, for example, living in Bay
Heights, have to' cross and go right by a voting precinct at the museum to vote at the school on
12th Street and Miami Avenue. Now, is that into your configuration of time? Because, you
know, not only do we get a lot of angry calls about people who can't vote where they always
voted, but now they are having to pass one precinct and unfortunately go to one that has no
parking around it, and how does that come into the configuration, if any?
Mr. Leahy: Changing polling places is not a major accomplishment. It's just identifying where
people would vote in a preferred precinct and then sending out new registration cards. That can
be accomplished very easily. That would not have any effect on the redistricting process.
Mayor Carollo: Any further questions from the Commission for Mr. Leahy? OK, any further
questions from members of the Commission...
Commissioner Plummer: Not right now.
Dr. Lichtman: OK, you want me to stand by for...?
Mayor Carollo: If you would, please, just in case?
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah.
Commissioner Hernandez: Doctor, I am going to bring a map out and I want you to follow what
we were able to come about with last night. I have one distinct advantage over you, that's, I was
born and raised here, so I know the community just a little bit better as the chemistry...
Dr. Lichtman: I'll certainly see to that.
Commissioner Hernandez: ... of the different communities and neighborhoods in the City. So, I
am going to call someone from my staff that's got the map back there to bring it out.
Mayor Carollo: Let me clarify what we are doing when we had met the previous time, I clarified
for all the members of the Commission that we could discuss any map that had been previously
presented to us or any new deviation that any member of this Commission wanted to bring up.
What I made clear was that what this vote was committed to, like I understood we all were, was
to place a vote on the ballot September the 4th of a plan. And, therefore, I feel that it would be
appropriate for all the members of this Commission to air any possible plan that they would like
to before we would make a final vote, whether today or later this week, I do not know that. But,
we will make a final vote on choosing a plan that will be placed on the ballot. Go ahead,
Commissioner.
9 July 1, 1997
Commissioner Hernandez: Doctor.,. Let me give you one of these.
Mayor Carollo: Is this a five plan, Commissioner?
Commissioner Hernandez: A five plan.
Mayor Carollo: OK.
Commissioner Hernandez: We went strictly on the census tract theory of going about this
protecting obviously, the one Mayor, the one vote. The situation is going on round figures when
we look at approximately 358,000 voters that we have in this total population in the City of
Miami. We divide that by five, we get approximately in round figures 72,000 per district. I am
going to try to make it as simple as possible. Divide that by five, Hispanics would get three
districts, African -Americans would get one district which is the one on the upper, the pink.
Then, you would have the coastal district which is the yellow. Now, when you divide this
number by five, like I said, you have three Hispanic districts within the 72,000 that we are
looking at in population. One African -American district, the African -American population then
has a surplus of approximately 16,000 voters and then you have the Anglo-Saxon total
population which does not reach 72,000. It reaches approximately in round figures 44,000. In
order to preserve an Anglo-Saxon seat or help an Anglo possibly obtain or preserve their seat,
that would be the coastal seat, which is the predominantly yellow, that's district number one,
wherein the surplus of the African -American seats would go into that district number one when
you... You follow what I am saying?
Dr. Lichtman: I follow you completely.
Commissioner Hernandez: That is the... Basically, I think in simple terms that we go about it
using census tract and that is purely, when you look at the map in front of you, that's what you
have in front... You have the breakdowns in the third page of my booklet here. Using the plus
or minus variations of five percent, we looked at District V, which is the green, which is a
Hispanic seat and the possibility from taking from District III, the orange district... the possibility
of taking 5,000 voters which would be one of the blocks on your left side. Look at the orange
district. One of those blocks on the top, right there and passing it on to the green district so
District V would be within that 72,000 population realm and District III would still remain in the
70,000 range. I just did not want to actually destroy the configuration or the use of the actual
census tract so we maintained that line to not destroy the census tract theory.
Dr. Lichtman: I hear you. Right, because you do have a substantial deviation now between
three, which is 75,460 and five which is 68,652.
Commissioner Hernandez: Even though they both fall within the plus or minus five percent.
Dr. Lichtman: You want me to comment on the map or...?
Commissioner Hernandez: No. You could comment. I am just telling you so you could
understand where we were coming from.
Dr. Lichtman: I hear you.
Commissioner Hernandez: I think when you break down, and we were looking until late last
night is, breaking down the City of Miami by census tract to protect the different communities
and the different neighborhoods of the City of Miami. And, again, strictly using census tract
figures this is what we came up with. You have the breakdowns in front of you and any
10 July 1, 1997
W�
questions you have or that anybody else could have, is just I am putting it up for consideration
based on the explanations that I have given how we came about breaking it down.
Dr. Lichtman: I follow. It's in some respects not dissimilar in concept to the map that Dr.
Wilson and myself drew, which is 5-2, our plan. Is there any way to put them up side by side? -
which is our plan also using census tracts and creating roughly a coastal district. In terms of the
ethnic breakdowns of the two plans there is only one substantial difference, but it may be of
some consequence for the Commission to consider. Under the plan that Dr. Wilson and I drew,
the coastal district which is District II under our plan, District I, under this plan is, in terms of its
voting age population, 36 percent Anglo, 36 percent Hispanic. I don't see voting age population
here, but in terms of total population our plan is 32 percent Anglo, 35 percent Hispanic. This
plan is 45 percent Hispanic and 31 percent Anglo in the coastal district. So, it's about... It's
pretty similar with respect to the Anglo population percentage, but it is about ten points higher
with respect to the Hispanic population within the coastal district. Otherwise, that's the one
substantial difference in terms of the demographics. Otherwise, as in this plan, this new
illustrative plan likewise has three overwhelmingly Hispanic districts, three four and five and
one overwhelmingly African -American district - District II. So, in terms of the numbers the
distinction comes in the coastal district.
Commissioner Hernandez: And, that was done strictly to protect and preserve an Anglo seat on
this Commission. And, I'll tell you why you see the increase in the Hispanic. What you have is
an increase in the non -Cuban Hispanic, which relatively and historically when you look at voting
trends in the City of Miami, have tend to have gone to the non -Cuban vote. So therefore, to
preserve the Anglo vote, which again, in total population, they would not have a district per se
because they have only 44,000 in total population. We had to get into a census tract area where
there was a larger amount of non -Cuban Hispanic.
Dr. Lichtman: Which area is that?
Commissioner Hernandez; Upper east side on the top. We narrowed the bottom part, where
there was more Cubans on the bottom part, between the orange and the green...
Dr. Lichtman: I guess... Yeah, I guess both plans have the upper east side in its entirety within
the coastal district. The biggest difference, and I can't- quite tell because the maps aren't
necessarily scaled, looks like this district comes out to pick up Wynwood/Edgewater and then
goes up into the Coral Way area which probably accounts for the expanded Hispanic population
in District I.
Commissioner Hernandez: Doctor, which map is it that you have on the right hand side, the one
you are looking at over here? Hold on.
Dr. Lichtman: This one?
Commissioner Hernandez: Yeah.
Dr. Lichtman: That's the map drawn up by Dr. Wilson and myself.
Commissioner Hernandez: Which one five one or five two?
Dr. Lichtman: Five two based on census tracts which has a slightly different... Unfortunately...
Did you have voting age populations for your districts?
Commissioner Hernandez: I did not use voting age population. And, the reason I asked you that
question is, usually, and then you can see the deviation in your numbers. When you use voting
11 July 1, 1997
age population Hispanics obviously, there is a large number of non -citizen Hispanics and
undocumented Hispanics and therefore when you look at, there is a lot of, a lot larger population
of Hispanics than voting age Hispanics.
Dr. Lichtman: No, no. This is just voting age. This is citizens, non -citizens. This is not citizen
voting age population that's in our statistics.
Commissioner Hernandez: But, what is...
Dr. Lichtman: It's simply 18 and over, period.
1
Commissioner Hernandez: OK, but look at... Go to your 5-2...
Dr. Lichtman: Right.
Commissioner Hernandez: ... map. I mean, your numbers.
Dr. Lichtman: Yep.
Commissioner Hernandez: The top part, that's total population, correct?
Dr. Lichtman: Right. And, the second bar is voting age population.
Commissioner Hernandez: Voting age. And, that's what I am saying, look at the difference in
the Hispanics, how you have a major drop off in numbers between the total...
Dr. Lichtman: No, it's identical. Thirty-five and 36 percent. The drop off is in African -
Americans because they are younger.
Commissioner Hernandez: No, no. Hold on a second. Look at the, unless... Look at the plan 5-
2...
Dr. Lichtman: Right.
Commissioner Hernandez: ... tract number one, Hispanics for example on the top, right.
Dr. Lichtman: It's tract... We are looking at the coastal district number two. It's number one on
your plan, it's number two on our plan.
Commissioner Hernandez: OK, which one are you looking at? Five two, tract two?
Dr. Lichtman: Five two, tract... It's five two by tracts, District II.
Commissioner Hernandez: District II.
Dr. Lichtman: It's on total population, 35 percent Hispanic. In voting age population it's
actually slightly higher, 36.2. The big tail off is in the African -American, which drops from 31.9
to 26.6. And, the Anglo rises substantially from 31.6 to 35.7. But, the Hispanic population is
almost identical.
Commissioner Hernandez: Doctor, follow what I am saying. And, maybe we are losing each
other on the translation. District II...
Dr. Lichtman: Right.
12 July 1, 1997
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K
Commissioner Hernandez: ... in your 5-2, right?
Dr. Lichtman: Correct.
Commissioner Hernandez: On the top side...
Dr. Lichtman: Right.
Commissioner Hernandez: ... there is 24,785 Hispanics, correct?
Dr. Lichtman: Correct.
Commissioner Hernandez: OK. Drop down now to voting age population.
Dr. Lichtman: Correct.
Commissioner Hernandez: District II, has 20,248 Hispanics that can vote, correct?
Dr. Lichtman: No. That's simply Hispanics of 18 and over. It says nothing about whether they
are citizens.
Commissioner Hernandez: Well, that's what I am saying. When the situation is, when you look
at voting age population strictly its' somewhat misleading because we have a large group of
Hispanics that are either non -citizens and can't vote, and are over 18, and or are undocumented.
And, then when you look at that, it somewhat shows... It looks like... the perception is, that the
Hispanic has a lot more power than it really has. That's what I was trying to...
Dr. Lichtman: That's a different point, entirely.
Commissioner Hernandez: OK.
Dr. Lichtman: But the drop from 24,785 to 22,048 has to be looked at in comparison to the other
drops. For example, the drop in Black population from population to voting age population goes
down from 22,602 to 14,889 which is why the Black population actually drops off in terms of
total to voting age population much more substantially than the Hispanic which actually rises.
Now, the point you make which is absolutely correct, Commissioner, and I have been stressing
this throughout, is that of course, 36 percent does not represent the voting power of Hispanics.
The basis rule of thumb, and this you know, would vary from district to district. But, if you want
to get a rough calculation of the voting power of Hispanics based on the 18 year old is to take the
Hispanic population and multiply it by about point six. So, if you had a 20,248 Hispanic
eighteen and over population in terms of voters, it would be somewhere in the vicinity of 12 to
13,000. And, you do it, I don't have the voting age numbers on your plan, but say it was
somewhere around 28,000, you would then multiply it by approximately by point six.
Commissioner Plummer: Let me ask you a question? Maybe, I need an education.
Dr. Lichtman: Yes, sir.
Commissioner Plummer: Is the terminology when you say one man, one vote. One person, one
vote.
Dr. Lichtman: One person, right.
13 July 1, 1997
;ts a Z)
Commissioner Plummer: That way I don't get in trouble. Yet, you make the statement that you
are basing it on population not on registered voters.
Dr. Lichtman: Correct.
Commissioner Plummer: So, what about the people in the City who are not registered voters,
how does that equate to one person, one vote when a great deal of the people obviously, if there
is 135,000 registered voters and we are a population of 358?
Dr. Lichtman: That correct.
Commissioner Plummer: It's not the same.
Dr. Lichtman: Of course not. You are absolutely right, Commissioner. However, what the
Supreme Court has said, in terms of constitutional requirements, one person, one vote refers to
populations, not registered voters. It's the same when we do the United States Congress. We
don't create congressional districts based upon registered voters. We create congressional
districts based on population. However, as our colloquy has indicated, if you wanted to then
analyze potential votes within a district, obviously total population does not suffice because there
are differences in age, as we saw African -Americans are younger. Nor in a community with a
substantial Hispanic population does even voting age population suffice because of citizenship
differences which is why you use, in terms of if you want to analyze voting potential, something
entirely different from one person one vote, I used my basic rule of point six. Multiply the
Hispanic population by point six to try to figure out the potential Hispanic voters in a district.
But, that has nothing to do with one person, one vote, which according to law is based on total
population.
Commissioner Plummer: What would be your recommendation, we understand on all of the
plans with the exception of five, was any consideration given to the five member plan as to this...
What would happen with the Mayor's position?
Dr. Lichtman: Well, not by us, I mean, we were simply asked to draw a five member plan and
did so. However, if you are going to have an odd number of districts then the logical step would
be to have a Mayor, who does not vote on the Commission, but has veto power over the
Commission. That would be the logical step with an odd number of single member districts.
You would have a Mayor elected Citywide with a kind of standard Mayoral powers that you find
traditionally in many municipalities and counties. That would be the model, that would logically
flow from a five district plan. Different models would flow from four and a six.
Commissioner Plummer: So, a the six would be six Commissioners plus the Mayor?
Dr. Lichtman: The six district plan would be six Commissioners plus the Mayor, and they are
based...
Commissioner Plummer: And, the only deviation of the committee was in fact that the Mayor
would run Citywide, rather than from a district? Other than that, was there any other
recommendations from the committee?
Dr. Lichtman: I believe, and again, I am not the person recording the Commission. But, my
recollection is, if they had recommended if you had a four or a six district plan, kind of a super
strong Mayor. That is a Mayor who both votes to break ties, since you have an even number of
Commissioners, and has veto power. You don't have to have that with a four or six. You could
have a week Mayor, I don't want to use terms. But, a Mayor who votes but does
not have veto power. These terms are not value terms they are simply descriptive terms. But,
14 July 1, 1997
a
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with a five district plan, it would logically follow that you would have a Mayor who did not
regularly vote on the Commission, but had veto power. With a four district plan, you could have
a Mayor, I believe like you have now, who votes as a regular member of the Commission but has
not veto power. Or, kind of a Mayor who can do both.
Commissioner Plummer: Quasi.
Dr. Lichtman: Right.
Commissioner Plummer: Mr. City Attorney, I asked you the other day because I thought that, as
well as it was important to draw the lines as to the questions that will actually go on the ballot,
and the wording that would go on the ballot. Do we have...? Oh, thank you. Do we have any
proposals as to wording?
Mr. A. Quinn Jones, III, Esq. (City Attorney): No, you don't have anything. I have not crafted
anything yet. As I indicated the other day, I need to know exactly what this Commission wants
to do. I can't come up with language unless, until you determine what you want to do.
Commissioner Plummer: OK, the question I asked the other day... For example, you indicated
that you could go from a simple ballot question as simple as "Do you want districts or don't you"
to another extreme. And, hopefully, as we usually do around here, hopefully fall somewhere in
the middle, and what I am having... trying to ask is, what would be something in the middle?
Would you in fact be in the ballot itself drawing lines? In the ballot, is it simply a question of
two Afro-American, two Hispanic, one Anglo? I mean, I am trying to come up... maybe you can
give me some answers as how it has occurred in other areas?
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah, you certainly would not on the ballot have lines. I mean, that's impossible.
You could have... You could put out an illustrative map, you can circulate it, but you would not
have specific lines on the ballot, nor would you mention a racial divisions on the ballot.
Remember, these plans were not drawn on the basis of race, and you don't want to intimate that
at all because that could put you in legal difficulty.
Vice Mayor Regalado: But, would you mention numbers?
Dr. Lichtman: You... Yes, you would mention the number. You would say on the ballot five
single member districts plus whatever you plan to do about the Mayor. That way the voters
would know they are going to be voting for a plan that's going to have five Commissioners, each
elected from a district and a Mayor, with however you decide to pick the Mayor or four districts
with a Mayor or six. That would be simple, direct and then you could certainly circulate an
illustrative plan, but you don't have to put lines itself on the ballot. David, how do they do it in
Dade, Metro -Dade when they went to districts?
Mr. Leahy: They have adopted a specific plan with specific lines. The wording on the ballot
was simply, well of course, these were all court ordered.
Dr. Lichtman: Right.
Mr. Leahy: So...
Dr. Lichtman: But, you did have a ballot, did you not? Or, you got no ballot?
Mr. Leahy: We didn't have a ballot in terms of the County Commission, it was court ordered.
Dr. Lichtman: So you hadn't...? So, there is no model there?
15 July 1, 1997
1t
it
Will
Mr. Leahy: It was court ordered, same with the School Board.
Dr. Lichtman: Right. So, you did not go the voters. But, basically, you could certainly adopt a
plan.
Commissioner Plummer: Well, are you talking about a ballot that would be say, three questions
instead of one? Do you want a five member plan? Do you want a four member plan or you
want no plan? You say yes, yes, and no. No, no, and yes. I mean...
Dr. Lichtman: If you want nothing to happen...
Commissioner Plummer: I am trying to come up with what...
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah.
Commissioner Plummer: ... is actually going to be where they pull the little lever.
Dr. Lichtman: If you want nothing to happen that's what you would do. I mean because it's
unlikely you would have a majority for anything. If you really want to give the voters a choice,
this is just my opinion based on my experience. This Commission should make a decision and
put it on the ballot, not give the voters an alternative.
Commissioner Plummer: That decision as to... In other words, are you saying that this
Commission will put on a ballot that we offer to the public a five member period, and then we
draw the lines afterwards?
Dr. Lichtman: Probably not.
Commissioner Plummer: Well that's what I am trying to come out.
Dr. Lichtman: I would say you probably want to draw the lines as close as you can before, but
the lines themselves do not have to be on the ballot. You can have on the ballot the proposition
that we are going to have five single member districts and a Mayor with such and such power.
That's would be what's on the ballot itself, giving the voters the choice either to keep the present
system or to move to a system that you the Commission have adopted as opposed to creating
several alternatives for the voters. In my view, the Commission ought to (a) come up with a plan
that is, whether you want five, four, six whatever and then at some point before the balloting
come up with specific lines as well.
Mayor Carollo: And, not only that, but the City Attorney was specific at out last meeting that we
should be as specific as we possibly can in the wording that we place on the ballot.
Dr. Lichtman: Absolutely, and, very careful about that, that's right.
Commissioner Gort: Well, my understanding is, if you want the voters to vote on it you got to
have a plan to show it around. The plan does not have to be on the ballot. The ballot can say
five, six or four, whatever. But, whatever we decide I think it has to be there and it has got to be
shown to everybody.
Dr. Lichtman: It's got to be circulated, that's right.
Commissioner Gort: We have to go through all the neighborhoods and show it to the people and
let them know what the lines are going to be.
16 July 1, 1997
S.
Dr. Lichtman: That's correct.
Commissioner Gort: And by not being on the ballot you have to go and you have to make a
commitment to certain plan.
l
Vice Mayor Regalado: Based on your experience, Mr. Mayor, if I may? Suppose that.the voters
of the City of Miami would approve a plan and a strong Mayor form of government, and after
i
that is approved that is challenged in the courts, what then would be the scenario for the next
election, or if there is an election?
Dr. Lichtman: Well, it's most unlikely. Again, I know there is another issue about staggered
terms. I am not sure when the next election would be. But, assuming it is not immediately
afterwards, it strikes me, one of two scenarios is possible. Either the case gets decided one way
or the other. And, if you win, then you simply go on and continue under the plan that the voters
adopted. If you lose you are going to have to either come up with a new plan of your own that
satisfies the court or the court will draw a plan of its own. The other scenario is, the case is still
ongoing, it strikes me most unlikely that the court would enjoin the elections. It's possible they
could. Saying, you know, you can't have elections under this plan. It strikes me as most
unlikely. Either it strikes me, the case will be resolved one way or the other or the case will be
ongoing and you will continue under the plan that the voters adopted.
Mayor Carollo: Well, I will tell you what is very possible that could happen if the court decides
that we are wrong and they ruled against the City of Miami, then the court will have the option
that they will most likely follow of saying that the elections that we had this November were fine
but we are going to have elections again, next year.
Dr. Lichtman: That's very likely.
Mayor Carollo: And, this is why it is imperative that we choose a plan that will be as fair as we
could present and at the same time, whatever plan is chosen -- a plan that can stand the scrutiny
of the courts.
Dr. Lichtman: And, I believe of the options that have come forth from the committee and that
the additional option that we have represented, you know, depending on the type of court case, I
would say certainly six or five district plan is defensible in court.
Commissioner Plummer: Speak to staggered terms.
Dr. Lichtman: Well, the issue of staggered terms is an important decision for you all to make in
terms of what you decide is fair for the Commission. But, it can also raise a legal issue if it
delays remedy of a current situation which is found to violate the law, then a staggered term
provision could in fact, itself be found to be in violation of the law. So, it depends which
districts are coming up with respect to the staggered terms to a great extent.
Mayor Carollo: I think in our case, if anything, it's going to be helpful to our position by having
staggered terms and keeping the faith of the voters for the remaining two years after November
that two members of this Commission would still have left. The two members on my extreme
ends.
Dr. Lichtman: I see no problem with that provided it doesn't get you into Voting Rights
difficulty. And, that would depend... Since the only lawsuit I know of that's now pending has to
do with African -American opportunity, it would depend upon what kind of African -American
opportunity was created by the staggered term.
17 July 1, 1997
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Commissioner Plummer: But, of the work that you have done around the country...
Dr. Lichtman: Yes, sir.
Commissioner Plummer: Do, most of the successful cases that you have worked on have
staggered terms or do not?
Dr. Lichtman: It varies. There is no single rule. As I said, it depends upon the principle of
whether or not if you adopted staggered terms that would impede opportunities for minorities to
elect candidates of their choice. If so, it could run a not... Remember, all that
we have is a pending lawsuit at this point. At this point no. As far as I know, no one has found
that anything that you all are doing is in violation of any law. But, in terms of potentials
problems for the City, I... If you told me what districts were coming up, I could analyze it for
you and what plan you were adopting I could say, I don't think this poses difficulties, I do. It
would depend upon which districts and particularly with respect to the districts that provide
African -Americans opportunity to elect candidates of their choice.
Vice Mayor RegaIado: Could you do that and bring back the report?
Dr. Lichtman: I could do it immediately if you... With respect to any one of the plans, if you
told me which districts, you know...
Mayor Carollo: Well, let me be very specific. The two members that would have two years
remaining in their original term after November, one will be running out of whatever plan we
come up with. One will be running from the coastal district...
Dr. Lichtman: OK.
Mayor Carollo: ... which will be the district where an Anglo has an opportunity to be able to
win.
Dr. Lichtman: Correct.
Mayor Carollo: The other district will be strictly a Hispanic district.
Dr. Lichtman: Then it should not pose Voting Rights problems for you.
Mayor Carollo: None whatsoever is my opinion.
Commissioner Plummer: Well, I am assuming you are saying that predicated on the fact that
there would be three running every time, that the third one would be one of the African districts.
Dr. Lichtman: That's my thought. What the Mayor had told me.
Mayor Carollo: This is obvious.
Commissioner Hernandez: This is our situation, eh?
Dr. Lichtman: That was my... right. So long as the African -American district or districts is not
the one that's being delayed...
Commissioner Hernandez: Right.
18
July 1, 1997
Dr. Lichtman: ... I don't see why that would pose for you Voting Rights problems. It may pose
other problems, but not Voting Rights problems. That's my opinion. And, all of these, I am not
a lawyer but I have been in a lot of cases, you know, you never know how a case is going to
come down. But, that's my opinion. I don't see why that should affect a lawsuit alleging
dilution of African -American opportunity.
Vice Mayor Regalado: But, the most common fault would be the Voting Rights area?
Dr. Lichtman: Well, you already have, as I understand, a Voting Rights lawsuit pending so
that's what you would have to...
Vice Mayor Regalado: No, I mean in other cases, in different cities in terms of staggering terms.
Dr. Lichtman: Oh, yes, the issue is...
Vice Mayor Regalado:... The issue.
Dr. Lichtman: ...the Voting Rights issue, right. Which doesn't mean there can't be other issues
raised. As you know, every time you do anything that changes anything issues can be raised.
Mayor Carollo: Commissioner Plummer, you have indicated and we knew that since last night
that you had to leave at eight thirty this morning.
Commissioner Plummer: Yes, sir.
Mayor Carollo: The earliest you could come back you stated was 11:00 a.m.
Commissioner Plummer: Yes, sir, eleven will be fine with me.
Mayor Carollo: What time can the other members of the Commission come back to meet?
Vice Mayor Regalado: Eleven is fine for me, Mayor.
Commissioner Plummer: Leave it at eleven, if you would, Mr. Mayor, and if you do change it,
then you can notify me by phone if you change it to an afternoon meeting.
Mayor Carollo: Commissioner Gort, Commissioner Hernandez?
Commissioner Hernandez: That's fine.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Fine, eleven with me.
Mayor Carollo: Excuse me?
i
Commissioner Gort: Eleven is all right with me.
Mayor Carollo: OK. So, we will be meeting again at 11:00 a.m. That will be the time we will
reconvene.
Commissioner Plummer: Mr. Mayor, just for the record.
Mayor Carollo: So, a few minutes left that we have.
Commissioner Plummer: I thank you and I serve in this capacity of having to leave in two
capacities. One, my long time girlfriend's father passed away and the funeral is at ten o'clock
19 July 1, 1997
and in the second capacity, I am also the funeral director. So, I am serving in dual capacity. I
have to be there. So, I am sorry to inconvenience anyone, but I do have to leave.
Mayor Carollo: Representative Bush.
Representative Bush: Mr. Mayor, are we saying that we are not going to have public testimony?
Commissioner Plummer: Oh, absolutely.
Mayor Carollo: We are going to have public testimony, but I think the public would have all
five members of the Commission here on something of this importance and magnitude.
Representative Bush: Well, Mr. Mayor, I mean, a lot of these people are going to have leave
before that time and I think it would be unfair to the public.
Mayor Carollo: I will be happy, even if I am alone to stay here until everyone that would like to
make a statement would do so.
Commissioner Plummer: I'll be back in a while.
[At the point, 8:26 a.m. Commissioner Plummer left the City Commission Chamber.]
Mayor Carollo: Commissioner Plummer, does have to leave. He can't stay.
Representative Bush: Mr. Mayor, I, you know, personally I serve on this Blue Ribbon panel and
I am... Just for the record, I thought this was going to be a fair process. And, a lot of these
people made a tremendous effort, special effort to get here this morning. And, I just don't think
that it is fair to the citizens...
Unidentified Speaker: That's right.
Representative Bush: ... when they have some concerns about this particular issue because it
denies a majority of them an opportunity to be represented on this Commission.
Mayor Carollo: Representative Bush, again, I would be happy to stay here and listen to anyone
that would like to speak or make any statements, but, you know, Commissioner Plummer, I
assure you didn't plan the death that he had with his girlfriend's father and he also has to attend
to that funeral. That happened yesterday that he died and...
i
Representative Bush: OK, Mr. Mayor, and I appreciate that and we sympathize with that. Let
me just say then, if I might. We have had public testimonies, we have had public hearings
throughout this City and the majority of the public expressed to this Commission that the 6-2C
plan was the best plan in their estimation because it affords representation throughout the City.
It gives all of the various ethnic groups an opportunity to be represented on this great
Commission and to account the neighborhoods of sociodemographic data and all of the
necessary things that the Civil Rights requirements for you guys to clean this up and to give
proper representation. So, if a lot of the members must leave, I would think it's the opinion of
the majority of them that the 6-2C plan was the best plan. And, your own experts have said on
two or three occasions, and I know for the record, I have asked this question twice that the 6-2C
plan will include, is inclusive as opposed to exclusive. So, we just want to express that we hope
that the Commission will act in good favor of the citizens of Miami and we hope that when we
come back that we would have an opportunity to express our concerns about the fairness on this
Commission. Thank you, Mr. Mayor.
20 July 1, 1997
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Mayor Carollo: I thank you for your statement and joining us here this morning. Again,
anybody that would like to make a statement now, that cannot come back at eleven, and we will
have public participation again after we come back at 11:00 a.m. Anyone that cannot come back
after eleven, certainly is welcome to leave on the record, either verbally or in writing with the
Clerk any statements if they so wish.
Representative Bush: OK, I'll tell you what then, I'll yield to Mr. Burke, but I have some
questions that I would like to raise as well.
Mayor Carollo: Certainly. Commissioner.
County Commissioner Jimmy Burke: Thank you, very much. Good morning, Mr. Mayor,
Commissioners. I will not be able to return at eleven and for that reason I would like to leave on
the record my strong opinion that the six plan is a good plan that brings this community together.
One of the questions that have come up, and it's kind of a general principle, was that what
happens when people who are minorities become the majority. Even though they are different
minorities that come together. And, a number of people that have thought said that if that ever
happened you would have a very strong, diverse, sensitive City. And, I think that is what is
perceived by the coming together of the minorities in this community make up the majority.
There are others who said that what will happen is that the major minority would then become
like the dictatorship that was before. That is, that they will be insensitvie to everybody else, to all
the other new minorities. And, I think that's what we are trying not to have that happen here.
That in fact, what would happen is that there would be 'a fair sharing of authority and power for
what is a great City internationally. And, so for that reason I think, that was looking at the six,
the plan with six. And, I would just hope that when you look at the possibilities, it would not be
seen as losing power or not loosing power. That it is a fair opportunity for all the communities
to come together. The one thing that happens is, there are cities your size that have many more
people than five on this Commission. And, because Miami is such an international City, and a
City that is known throughout this country, it would be hoped that we will not let the size
whether it's five is better than having six. But, that you would go forth and do whatever number
it takes. Finally, let me just say that in 1987, when several of us got together to sue Dade
County, and that's when we field a lawsuit initially in 1987, we got together not as Blacks, not as
Hispanics, not as Whites, but just as a group of people that wanted the County to be fair. And,
we could not get the Commission to be fair so we went along with the lawsuit and as a result, we
came up with a Commission that was larger, but is considered to be fairer. None of us I know
who were Black parties to that lawsuit, Carrie Meek, myself and Betty Ferguson ever thought
well, let's have a lawsuit and as a result we don't want to have, you know, six Hispanics or
whatever. We thought it ought to be fair and that it would fall as it has. And, so in that way, I
would just ask you also, not to look at the numbers, but to look at the fairness in bringing people
in. That, you know, I would just voice as a matter of just the principle of it. Just remember, this
is not, I think you know that, and I have seen you in your deliberations, you know that this is not,
let's say, Waycross, Georgia. You are a great City and you are called upon to act as great
statesmen and I would urge you heed the words of Representative Bush and others who have
served on the citizens panel that you put together and have come forth with you with what they
think is a fair principle and it's still just an indication to be fair. And, I end by telling you where
you are and I kind of look at things in history. I end it by, you know, giving you a poem that I
always think of where you are when you have an opportunity to act. And, the poem is by Ira
Sharp, and it is one that says in effect that you have an opportunity to be a stumbling block or a
stepping point at this point in the history of Miami: "Isn't it strange that prince and kings and
clouds that caper and sawdust rings and common people like you and like me are builders of
eternity. For each is given a bag of tools, a shapeless mask and a book of rules. And, each must
make our life is flown, a stumbling block or a stepping stone." And, we are just asking you at
this opportunity, at this point in history of this great City to be that kind of stepping stone to
bring all our communities together. And, we think it can best be done by the adoption of this six
plan and having a strong Mayor as a part of it. Thank you, very much. [APPLAUSE]
21 July 1, 1997
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Mayor Carollo: Reverend.
Reverend James Phillips: Good morning, Mr. Mayor, staff. My name is Reverend James
Phillips and I reside at 1040 Centerbrook Road here in Miami. I just want to say that I have been
at several of these community meetings and of course I was at the meeting last Tuesday night
when the Blue Ribbon Committee made their recommendations to the staff. And, I was also at
the community meetings when citizens overwhelmingly wanted to see the 6-2C plan and I
assume that the "C" plan is the plan that has been modified to include more of the Overtown area
be implemented. And, of course, I just have to sort of piggyback on what Commissioner Burke
said that we really are only looking for fairness. We are not looking to take over anything, we
jare not looking, as one Commissioner said on Spanish radio, to take over Jose Marti Park and
turn it into something else. That's not what we want. That's not what the African -American
community is looking to do. These kind of remarks help to separate this City, it doesn't help to
bring us together. And, this is all we are asking for, is fairness. We are asking to be included.
We are asking to be a part of the process. And, we are asking you, please. The
recommendations have been made by the Blue Ribbon Committee. The recommendation has
been made by the public of this great City that you adopt the 6-2C plan. You know, I cannot
express that enough to you, the importance of listening to the community. And, not just listening
to them, but really feeling what they are feeling. If, you know, we can understand some of the
things that happened over in Cuba and the great oppression that exist on that island. We don't
! want to create this kind of a thing again. Fairness, again is all we have ever asked for. It's what
I' we ask for today. We want to be inclusive of all people. We don't want to leave anyone out.
And, we just ask you to listen to the public. You formed the Blue Ribbon Committee and if you
f are going to dismiss what there recommendations are then what was the point of even bringing
together a Blue Ribbon Committee. It just sort of... It's confusing to us. Under one hand you
say you want to help and you have implemented this Blue Ribbon Committee to do so. And,
then on the other hand it sounds as if, you know, they are tactics that have been employed to
further separate this wonderful City that I love. And, we just want you to be fair. We just want
you to be... We want to be included, we want the opportunity to share in the political process
that has thus far built this great City, Miami. Thank you.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Reverend Phillips.
[APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Go ahead.
Mr. Al Cardenas: Yes, Mr. Mayor, members of the Commission. Thank you. I won't be able to
be here at eleven, so I wanted to leave my comments on the record, if I could. For the record,
my name is Al Cardenas and I am vice president of the Republican Party of Florida and I have
been elected every four years by over 300,0000 people in this County to have the opportunity of
serving that post. And, the only reason I say that, because it's relevant to the comments I am
about to make. And that is, that I want to make sure that this Commission recommends a plan to
the voters that will be acceptable to the voters of the City of Miami so that we do have fairness.
When you Mr. Mayor, asked me to serve on this panel, I agreed to do so for two reasons. One,
we had, you know, by the voters decision in the City of Miami, we have moved away from a
tradition that we had for 14 or 15 years. In the City wherein the dais we had five elected
representatives that represented all three of our ethnic, major ethnic communities in this town.
And, I thought that it was only appropriate that we develop a mechanism that will allow us to
have what we had for 15 years and had lost through the will of the public. But, in doing so,
adopting a plan that would also meet the public's muster. And, we went about that. Six weeks
ago, I had recommended to the Blue Ribbon Committee which was appointed and I thought very
fairly represented amongst all ethnic communities that we adopt a five member district or at least
22 July 1, 1997
that we ask the experts who had just been hired to draw a five member district plan.
Unfortunately, that motion failed although I know that Commissioner Morse on a couple of
occasions afterwards suggested we have one. I still personally believe that that is the plan that
would accomplish the three things that we would like. One, return to the dais of the Commission
the same multiethnic representation we had for 14 years. But, number two and most importantly
it would be a plan that would be approved, I believe, by a majority of the voters of Dade County.
I firmly believe in.the 7-Eleven test. And, that 7-Eleven test as I understand it, is going to the
various 7-Elevens in our local community and just standing there for an hour or so talking to
people who come in and out and ask how they feel. And, I personally feel regardless, with all
respect as to how the majority of the folks here feel, that a five member district would pass the 7-
Eleven test. I don't believe that a six member district would. Now, let me tell you also how I
feel about it. There is a great temptation on. my part and the part of many others who care for
and respect everyone that's here. And, I have a special fondness for my colleagues,
Representatives Bush and Commissioner Burke and Commissioner Meek, excuse me,
Representative Meek and I would like for them to feel good. And, sometimes you say to
yourself, well, you know in terms of community unity let's all feel good with one another and do
something which is not really, you know, a bad plan. The problem with the momentary feel
good situation is that you win a battle but the loose a war. I am firmly convinced that if this
Commission adopts a six member district plan that it will fail in the polls in September. It will
fail for two reasons. One, I think a large segment of the voting public feels like this City is going
through a financial hardship and regardless of the financial arguments we can make, I think there
will be a strong perception that now is not the time to increase the size of our government. And,
I believe that is a very strong reason, a strong perception and that will bring an immediate
negative feeling to a plan that will increase the size of our government significantly. And,
number two, I feel that the community would be sympathetic towards restoring a tradition that
existed here for almost two decades of multiethnic representation. But, I don't believe they
would consider it fair to go beyond that. Now, my concern is what will happen to this
community after September is this vote fails. And, I will tell you that I think I know this
community very well. And, I have stood for what I thought was right on many occasions. As
many of you know, I... I'll give you a brief example. It's a recent election for Dade County
Mayor. I supported Art Teele for Mayor. He had been a close friend and a member of my party.
And, I think all of us know demographically what the results of that election were within the
City of Miami. I for over decades have gotten, I think, to understand this community
demographically and that's why I believe people select me to make political decisions for them.
I do not believe that a six member district regardless of how well intentioned it is, will pass the
voters mustard. And, I believe that it will be extremely dangerous for us to heighten the
expectations of a very valuable portion of our community only to disappoint them in September.
And, I believe that the ensuring intentions are not to our benefit. And, for that reason, I believe
that maybe not everyone will be entirely satisfied, but we can all certainly agree that it would
be... A five member district could be a fair plan, maybe not the preferred plan, but a fair plan.
The most important thing about that plan is, that it is a plan that will pass the voters mustard.
Another plan will not. And, I think if we are going to do the right thing, we need to make sure
it's the right thing that has the chance to pass and that's why I felt so strongly about the five
member district. And so, I just wanted to leave that on the record for you. Thank you.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Al. Yes, sir.
Reverend Willie Leonard: Mr. Mayor, Commissioners. My name is Reverend Willie Leonard,
President of Ministerial Alliance of Coconut Grove. And, we think that the six plan shows
fairness and it shows good faith. As I look over these group of people here I see hard working,
sacrificing people, that sacrificed greatly this morning to be here at seven o'clock, which I do
think is unfair for many of them that has other things that they must do today to have to come
back at 11 o'clock. By the way, I'll be back, but we think that the six plan shows fairness and it
shows good faith. I have been in this community for 42 years and I have seen people here that
23 July 1, 1997
have made this the great community that it is. This is a metropolis, an international City known
all over the world and what we do here will set a precedence and will travel, will be known, what
happen here with the fairness of what happened here. I think just about everybody over the
world knows what type of City Miami is and what we have here. There is many situations that
we have here. I think it can be settled just fine, if we just do the right thing. We support the six
member district. Thank you.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you.
Ms. Manty Sabates Morse: Mr. Mayor...
Mayor Carollo: Yes.
Ms. Morse: ... and Commissioners. My name is Manti Sabates Morse, I am a member of the
School Board. I am also the president of the Republican Party here in Dade County. And, I
have a doctor's appointment so I might not be back. So... and I missed one important meeting
and because I missed that one important meeting of the Blue Ribbon Committee is the reason
why we are here discussing this here today. From the beginning, as I stated here last Wednesday
or Thursday, we spoke on that committee about creating a four or five or a six committee,
districts, to be brought up to you, to be brought up to the voters in the public hearing. The one
meeting that I missed is the one that the instructions were given to the gentlemen to draw the
maps and all of a sudden we went from four to six, we forgot the five. As, Mr. Cardenas has
expressed, even before we took it to the public hearings, he expressed it in there that we needed
to see a five map and we were quoted that it would take two days to do it, and we were under the
impression that it had been ordered but it was not. Fairness, this is what I call... we were not
treated fairly. All the public hearings that we had, we should have had a five member district
also for everyone to see, we didn't have it. Another was right here on Friday when we brought it
here, again it was brought up to discussion and again it was voted... First, it was tied nine nine.
And, then second vote somehow went to ten nine. I really can't understand how it was, but
again, we lost with the five member district. So, people have not been able to even discuss the
five member district and this is where I think fairness, dealt us... did not treat us right. Not you,
not me, not the Commissioners sitting up here. They had a right to see it. The City of Miami
has... could not be and the Commissioners sitting up here cannot be accused of discriminating
against any ethnic group. We have for years had an Afro-American, and Anglo and three
Hispanics sitting here on the board. That's why I think the threat of a lawsuit against any... in
front of any judge, it could be easily won because this City has never discriminated against any
ethnic group when it comes to sitting up here. It has never. OK, this is the first time in six
months we do not have an Afro-American sitting here. The first time in close to 20 years. So,
this is the reason why we are here. The Commissioners, when it came the last election they
committed to having this district election. This is why we are here. We need to look at the five,
we need to be fair to everyone. We cannot have... If we are going with a four or a six, we are
asking the Mayor to have a vote on the Committee plus a veto power. That's not a Mayor, that is
a super Mayor. And, the City of Miami is ready for a Mayor, not for a super Mayor. And, I
don't know who will be sitting in that chair but I don't think it's fair to the community to give
that one person two votes in a Commission. First of all, I think an odd number like you have in
the County is the only way to really go. So, this is reason why I am here to express my feelings
against and to actually explain to you one more time why you don't have a five district map
sitting here. It was not ordered, it was voted down every time it was brought up. So, the
intention to not bring it to the public was never there. Now, the gentleman before me said that
this has been a sacrifice to be here, well I was here on Saturday also, at seven o'clock, and this is
not a sacrifice. This is a duty that we have for the City of Miami and I am very proud to be here.
Six o'clock, seven o'clock, anytime you call me. Thank you.
Mayor Carollo: Yes, Representative Meek.
24 July 1, 1997
Q4�r
Representative Kendrick Meek: Thank you, Mr. Mayor, members of the Commission. I would
like to number one, commend you on your time that you spend on this issue and the time that
you are going to spend on this issue. Also, I would like to commend the public for coming out,
but I must say at the same time as we start looking at these plans and start looking at using the
word of fairness and fair play -- I wasn't a member of the Blue Ribbon Commission, but I had
several friends that I respect not only from the African -American community, but from the
Anglo and White, I mean from the Hispanic community also. And, I must say that it was a
group of individuals that were representative of a whole community and that could possibly give
us a good snapshot of what kind of leadership we should have. And, to use that word
"leadership" I think that is... I won't use it in a loose way because leaders actually, hopefully
help a community in its direction. And, as we look at direction of the City of Miami, there are a
lot of people that are looking for us to sell a lot of newspapers and take up a lot of the time on
the evening news talking about that person and this group and the Republicans and Democrats
and the Cubans and the Blacks and Whites and what have you. But, I must say that, as we look
at a plan and we are looking, I am in support of the six district plan, but at the same time, we
look at "fair play." And, when I see leaders in our community who have the ability to be able to
share with the voting public, the voting public I am speaking of, the City of Miami, have an
opportunity to just say well, let's look at fairness, let's look at proper representation. Let's look
at things that neighborhoods have in common. When we look at economic stability, we have a
big economic problem as it relates to prosperity in the City of Miami. And, when you look at
Black Miami, you look at a lot of that, you could see a lot of that. You look at a lot of our street
.violence. It is happening in those areas. Right now in the area of Model City and Overtown we
have people that are being shot and killed on a daily basis. Right now the police is not the total
answer to that, but representation is. And, as we look as fairness once again, we must think of
not only maybe one representative from the African -American community that lives, that will
have to live in that area and hear the gun fire that takes place on a daily basis, but it could
possibly be two. And the two, in the six district plan you could actually have a Haitian member,
a member of this Commission. You know, that's growing population. I have also heard
comments here today as it relates to individuals that are citizens and that are becoming citizens.
And, I think Commissioner Regalado... and I think that was a good observation to make. That
also happens in the Haitian community. And, that we have to take that into consideration. But, I
must say my colleague in public service, Commissioner Burke mentioned - I did a little research
in other major cities you have several representatives and we start looking at bigger government
I wouldn't look at additional representatives, of the public as as additional government. I look at
it as additional representation. When I go to the County Commission I cannot only go to see
Commissioner Denise Morse, but I can go and see Commissioner Carey. If she is not in, I can
also go and talk to my Commissioner, Commissioner Betty Ferguson. If she is not in, I can also
go and speak to other Commissioners that are on the County Commission, but at the same time
we should be able to do that here in the City of Miami. I must say that as we go through this
process that we do look at the thing of fairness. I think the leaders here on this Commission, and
we have worked together on several... Some of you we have worked together as it relates to
representation, Black representation. I think that we can send a signal out to the City of Miami,
to voting public of what's right. If you agree to a plan, need it be plan six, or a plan that looks
like that plan, we could win this thing. We can actually go to... We can go on radio, we can
have press conferences. We can make sure that we have the City of Miami. I am in support of
the City of Miami existing. I am going to be here shortly after eleven o'clock, I have other
meetings that are planned. But, I think in the future as we go through this process of working
towards a plan that hopefully that people can vote on in early September that we also think of
inclusion. And, I think that as we look at this time and I know that a lot of people talked about
the time of the meeting. I know that we have a lot of work do before, especially you
Commissioners. We may want to consider decision making and public input in the evening
time. It is challenging for the working class individual to be here at this time. Fortunately, I
have a job that I can leave and go and do work on the computer in the evening hours to allow me
25 July 1, 1997
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to be here So, I know that those communities that I mentioned, Model City, Liberty City,
Overtown, Wynwood. I am pretty sure it happens. And, I know that gun fire and violent crime
happens in Little Havana and other areas that go on. But, I must say that it's very important that
we think of fairness and we don't necessarily have to have a five district plan. We can have a six
district plan, we can have a seven district plan. We can have a nine district plan. But, I must
say, if we are set our boots into five districts or our heels into five districts, I think that as it
relates to representation we can more representation from the community. So, I am here on a
good note. And, the good note is, that I feel that I think as leaders and I look at you as leaders on
this Commission that you are going to make the right decision. And, the right decision is the fair
decision. And, whatever decision that you do make, we don't have a choice in the matter outside
of the courts to go along with that decision. But, I must say as we look at the City of Miami to
continue existing in this City, I think we have to think of fairness. So, I would ask the
Commission, I would live by this rule. Whatever, we have to say as it relates to the district
plans, let's say it here where we can all see it and we can all understand it. But, when we all go
back to corners and we start talking on radio and we start talking to the press and start dividing
us, I think that's the wrong way to handle this. And, so I think that as we move along in this
light of fairness, and we are all nodding our heads and saying we need to be fair, let's continue to
be fair. And, whatever Kendrick Meek has to say to the Commission or on this issue, I will say
to the Commission. Anything I say to the Commission, I'll say to the press. But, my main deal
here is the five of you. I know Commissioner Plummer is not here, we are going to make the
decisions on the plan. So, I want to thank you and I look forward to hopefully working with you
from this point on, on hopefully coming up with a very good plan that we can all live with.
Thank you, very much. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: I appreciate your input and statements very much, Representative Meek. And,
thank you for being here today. Yes, sir.
Reverend Michael Easly: Certainly, Mr. Mayor, and certainly to all the City officials here,
Commissioners. I am the pastor of the St. Luke Missionary Baptist Church in the City of Miami
and I am grateful to have persons who live in the City of Miami who are members of our church.
I would just like for them to stand. You may be seated. Thank you, so very much. Especially to
the Mayor and Humberto Hernandez, Amen. One of the issues that I am concerned about is
basically those of you who are elected officials that the people voted for and placed you all in
office that we would be fair. I had privilege of meeting Mr. Hernandez, who was in my office
and I was able to see a young man who sense of directions and basically know where he want to
go. But, I am kind of a little disturbed today, and the reason that I am disturbed today is because
I feel that persons who are voted in by the people, they are voted in to do a job. You don't get an
education to get a job, you get an education to do a job. It is quite clear that the Hispanic area,
they are in great number and everybody wants what best for, I suppose, their people. But, we
just can't look at one race, we just can't look at one ethnic group, we must look at holistically the
people of the City of Miami. People who have labored, people who have worked hard and the
people who basically look forward in you all making the right decision. I could see no other
reason why you wouldn't want to be fair. You know, regardless of how many seats there are
now. It seem that we would be for plan six to be able to have fair share and great representation.
What is going to hinder? Who is going to hurt? It's not going to do anything to cause any of
you headaches or pain. But, it is saying a lot, Mr. Mayor, to the City of Miami that, thank God,
we have a Mayor who is fair, who is honest and who is for the people. That's all that we are
concerned about. I feel personally and I haven't been here a long time, that you are a great
Mayor. I have been with you on several occasions and what have you. I have listened to you
talk and I have also watched you back up your plan, and now here we are with Commissioners
here, in the City of Miami. Certainly, those persons who voted looked for you as well to do a
job. And, when they see something different, you know, it makes them question your credibility,
your character. It makes them question whether or not you were elected in office to do a good
job or elected in office to do the things that basically you feel that is right. And, I think that to
26 July 1, 1997
have all of these people who are represented here today, and I know I had a lot to do today, but I
took out time. I made the appeal on Sunday and I asked these people in the City of Miami to be
here because I know they count heads. So, I am asking us if you will, to come to the realization
and stop escaping from the present reality of life. You know, we could read between the lines,
we basically know what's happening, you know. You know, we are not unlearned people. We
know why plans was drawn up, Amen. But, I am asking, as a Godly man, as a minister of the
cloth that we rethink this, we look at it and do what is right, because only what's right is going to
last. Together we stand and divided we fall. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Mr. Bryant.
Mr. Tony Bryant: Mr. Mayor, members of the Commission, to the dignitaries who are here this
morning. My name is Tony Bryant. I reside at 1601 Southwest 2nd Avenue. I know that there
are many of you who have never had the opportunity or the rnishapenstance perhaps of meeting
me. And, some of you might know me just by way of media. But, I think it's time that when
there is necessity for someone to attempt to bridge a gap to explain to both sides what needs to
be explained and hopefully that there will be a consensus, or that we can reach an agreement.
There are certain things that have to be mentioned this morning. Two things, very quickly. As
we look across this nation, we are seeing two things that are happening in relation to ethnic
struggles and fights going to the courts to assure representation. And, we are finding that many
times those decisions that are taken by the voters are being overturned by the courts later on
because they violate certain laws, legalities. We also find that there are many African -
Americans being elected in predominantly White districts. I am going to give you for example,
Dr. Anna Price who was recently elected Mayor of South Miami with a minority of Black
constituencies. That's to say that Black people are certainly qualified to maintain to win any seat
and to represent anyone, we are no less than anyone else. I want to direct two things to the
Cuban community, of which I am very close, and I feel that I can speak very clearly to them and
as I have told them many times, I don't bite my tongue. I don't have time to play games. I have
risked my life many times for the Cuban community, for the Cuban cause, let's put it that way.
So, I speak very clearly to them just as I speak to my African -American brothers and sisters.
Two things that the Cuban community must understand from this moment on, number one, you
owe a debt of gratitude to the African -American community because most of the civil rights
which you enjoy today, we paid for with our blood... [APPLAUSE] we, paid for that with our
struggle, we paid for that with our sacrifice. I want you to understand that and remember that.
You owe a debt of gratitude to these African brothers and sisters, don't forget that, OK. That's
number one. Number two, you know what it is to live in a nation where you have no
representation, how can you dare to come here and think [APPLAUSE] that you cannot have any
representation of the Black -American communities. You have lived under Castro, you know
that you have no voice. And, so now, you have the chance to be fair and yet you want to, I don't
know what you want. But, I am going to tell you, I have to criticize that attitude, you have lived
under that. My African brothers and sisters, I wanted to address something to you. We, and as...
and then after that, I am going to address the Commission itself. We, must do two things if we
are to truly be able, want to be able to represent. Because, we have to think... I am very sorry
and very saddened today, because no matter what plan is adopted, the whole... any time that is
fractured and structured and separated becomes weaker. Anytime any divisions that are made it
becomes weaker. And, in strength... in unity there is strength, not in divisionisms. Now they
have to take people to court to force them to give you your rights. There was a great Black
warrior, Cuban warrior Titan de Acero - Titan de Bronce (the bronze titan) who said "freedom is
not begged for, you win it with the edge of a machete...
Unidentified Speaker: Yes.
Mr. Bryant: ... and take it." To prepare for your future brothers and sisters, I am going to tell
you something. We are living in a part of the United States of America where there are
27 July 1, 1997
tremendous opportunities. In the year 2000, we will see tremendous opportunities due to the
influx and due to the openings that we will have to Latin America. Prepare yourselves. If we
want to have brothers and sisters who can represent the Cuban community, the Asian
community, the Haitian community, the African -American community, the White community,
prepare yourselves. We have to prepare cadres. We have to prepare young men and women
who can speak three languages. Who can speak Spanish, who can speak Haitian, who can speak
English and any other language because it's necessary. In this world today, you cannot exist
speaking one language and wanting to represent the people. I know for a fact, you see, and Mr.
Humberto Hernandez, who I backed in his latest, well when he became elected, stated that this
seat has no color, and I agree. Those seats, none of them have colors nor nationalities. They
should be awarded the person, you see, who is best qualified. But, everyone of those seats brings
! a requirement, brings a dignity, brings a demand. That, demand is that you are able to
understand the people that you are supposed to represent. That demand means that you are able
to understand their dreams and their aspirations, where they want to go. You have to have a
plan, you have to have a formula and you have to have the understanding of what these people
need. If you don't understand that, you don't deserve that position, you must evacuate that seat.
Those are the things that I am here to tell you today brothers and sisters. Let's prepare ourselves
and prepare our cadre, because we cannot continue to exist as we have in the past. We have to
have our young men and women prepared to speak three, four, five languages so that they can sit
in these seats and represent all of the community. We don't need to divide anymore, we need to
come together as one people. We are preparing for a new opening, a new beginning. And, here
we are still in this part of the country where we should be ashamed of ourselves where we have
two people who have suffered tremendously throughout all... the last at least, at least the last 40
years tremendous sufferings. And, we cannot understand that it's through unity that we obtain
victories and not through division. Thank you, very much ladies and gentlemen.
Mayor Carollo: Mr. Bryant, thank you, very much for your time. [APPLAUSE] Ma'am.
Dr. Michaelane Sims: I am Dr. Sims, Pastor of Believers Life Ministries in Miami, Florida. My
address is 2200 Northwest 191st Street, Opa Locka. I stand here addressing the Commission
today. I stand here on behalf of not only my Black sisters and brothers but, I stand here on
behalf of this great City that I have resided in since 1958, and I love this City. I have seen many
things, many negative things happen. I have been here through the different riots that we had in
Liberty City. I love Liberty City. I love the residents of Liberty City. As a pastor and a leader, I
realize that we must be united. If we are not united, if people are frustrated, if people feel that
they are paying taxes without representation it presents frustration and negative behavior. I
believe wholeheartedly that we do need to have a six member district. I am firmly in support of
it. I heard someone say that perhaps we could have a Haitian representative. Perhaps we could
have someone Black. We need someone to represent us. We need to know, I am not saying that
you are not representing us. This is not you win, or you lose and I win situation. When we were
voting it was I win or you win. But, in order for people to feel comfortable everyone needs to
leave away from the situation feeling you win, I win. What happened to the mentality of people
feeling good about themselves and feeling about their government? When I walk into the
Jackson Memorial Hospital complex, I remember when Jackson Memorial... When I came in
1958, there were frame buildings there, it was nothing the way it is now. When I go into that
complex now to make visitations, I look at it and I see my taxes at work and I feel good about it.
I urge you to be considerate of the people, everyone in the community and know that we are not
saying, we want to win and you lose. We are saying, we want proper representation because we
are paying our taxes and we want to know that our taxes are working for us. Thank you.
[APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Before we proceed, I was letting people speak what they wanted because I only
saw a handful of people that said they couldn't come back and they needed to speak. But, more
and more people keep coming up, so we are going to have to go back then to the two minute rule
that we always have on people to speak. Go ahead, sir.
28 July 1, 1997
vftj7�,#-
9
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Mr. Manuel Gonzalez-Goenaga: Yes, my name is Manuel Gonzalez-Goenaga. It is very
unfortunate that the two minute rule starts with Mr. Boom -Boom. Because, I don't have... I,
never invited in the Hispanic radio stations to speak my mind. And, I hope that they will give
me some time. Well, the issue here is not about equity, believe it or not. The issue here is about
fair play instead of foul play. Since I have been watching all these people, the committee, the
task force. I wonder how many -- the expert task force -- how many of them are representatives
from the different communities? Where do they live? If we want a professor, I am a kind of
professor. But, I am a pragmatic professor. And, then to finish because I only have 49 seconds,
f and I could write a book about all of this. The big anomaly is that being pragmatic there is no
doubt that the Hispanics or Cubans, because among the Hispanics there are Puerto Ricans,
Dominicans, Colombians. The issue is my friend, that the Cubans are a majority in Miami,
whether we like it or not. But, if that is the case, then the affirmative action, the first one on
affirmative action should be the Anglo-Saxon Americans, because they are a minority in the City
of Miami. Then, come the Black community and the Cubans should not be allowed in the City
of Miami to have affirmative action because they are a majority. Thank you, very much.
j [APPLAUSE]
Reverend Rudolph Daniels: Mr. Mayor, and to the Commission and to all that are present. I am
Pastor Rudolph Daniels, I pastor Masadonia Missionary Baptist Church, it's right here in
Coconut Grove. It's 102 years old. Also, I am a member of the... for the East Coast Baptist
Association, first vice president of the Southern Division Union Coconut Grove Ministerial
Alliance, and the Baptist Ministers Council, PULSE (People United to Lead the Struggle for
Equality). Also, I am a retired public school teacher. Not always, but I spent 23 years at Miami
Jackson Senior High School, and I taught loth, 11th and 12th graders in the Auto Industry Shop.
And, I feel that I have paid my dues and I still am. I grew up in Coconut Grove from 1941 right
at Carver Senior High School. That's where I received my education. Also, in the institutions of
this particular County. And, so I left home at 19, in 1949. Didn't care much... little children.
And, I have been out of work for about maybe three weeks in all that time. And, so, taxation
without representation, I feel and I know that, and the type of individual that I am and I believe
that others should be - if a man doesn't work, he doesn't eat. And, that was the thing that was
passed on to me by my South Carolina country parents from one years up over to 11 years. So, I
have the country and then the City. Growing up in the City of Miami, Coconut Grove, then
Overtown, then Liberty City. I spent 32 years in Liberty City and I am back into Grove as a
pastor. So, I am a member of this community and I believe in the world of work and prepared
men and women for the world of work. But, we are asking, since you know, I know what the
work ethic really is. And, I know that has to passed on to our children and giving them the faith,
introduce them to the living God. They must have faith or they will go off on the deep end.
They must be introduced to the world of work and the work ethic, I wanted to say that. But, be
fair. We live here, our eyes are open, we have the education, we read. And, so, just really be
fair. So, I believe that the six district plan would give a better equal representation. All our
people, we have heard that. So, I don't want to be redundant. But, all we want to do, you to do,
is just to be fair. Just be fair. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Pastor.
Unidentified Speaker: That's it, Reverend.
Mayor Carollo: Yes, sir.
Mr. Enos Schera: Mayor and Commissioners. My name is Enos Schera, taxpayer in the City of
Miami. I am calling for six member voting districts and equal shares of voting power.
Mayor Carollo: Can you give your address for the record, sir? We need it. It's part of the City
policy.
29 July 1, 1997
411
Mr. Schera: Thirty-five Northeast 30th Terrace.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, sir.
Mr. Schera: I am calling for six single member voting districts and equal shares of voting power
by having two Hispanic, two Black and two White Commission seats. Three Hispanic
Commissioners proposed in a six district plan would give the Hispanics an excessive amount of
voting power which would be unfair and unequal to Black and White voters. Hispanics is 62
percent of the City of Miami's population which already makes them a majority. So, whoever
heard of a majority demanding an increased majority. This would be analagous to getting two
pieces of pie instead of one. U.S. born Black and White citizens have unfairly received divide
and conquer politics by Hispanics demanding thousands of legal and illegal refugees to come to
Miami from Spanish speaking countries to increase the Hispanic population and then demand
more Commission seats using Hispanics language instead of color to increase the political
power. Regarding the district in Dade County, the Miami Herald, March the Sth, 1992, page 4b,
quotes Randy Duval, Assistant Dade County Attorney saying "the Voting Rights Act was
enacted to address areas where official discrimination kept Blacks almost totally excluded from
political office. That does not apply to Dade's Hispanics. The Hispanic community is not
suffering today from a legacy of the past, purposeful discrimination. You show me a immigrant
community that has amassed political, economic and social par more quickly than the Cuban
community in Dade." That's from Assistant County Attorney. Regarding a Blue Ribbon
Committee member, Miguel DeGrandy, representing Commissioner Regalado, it should be
noted that Mr. DeGrande is a member of the Spanish-American League Against Discrimination,
as quoted by the Miami Herald, January 31st, 1981 stating that their goals are placing members
in strategic places of power - money, power, status and persistence. And I demand having two
Hispanic, two Black and two White voting districts. And, if not that, I would say that I support
the six district plan. Thank you. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: You have two minutes, sir.
Mr. Leon Worthy: Good morning, Mr. Mayor and Commissioners. My name Leon Worthy. I
am with the St. Luke Missionary Baptist Church. I wanted to place on record my favorable... my
district, the district plan that I favor and that is the plan that offers the six district breakdown. I
feel that this gives proper representation to a greater number of people of the City of Miami.
Thank you. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, sir. Ms. Wilcox.
Ms. Inez Wilcox: Good morning, Mr. Mayor. My name is Inez A. Wilcox.
Mayor Carollo: Good to see you, Ms. Wilcox.
Ms. Wilcox: And, I live at 4746 Northwest 10th Avenue. I didn't think that I would get up to
say anything because my speech has been said over and over. I had it written when I came, but
everyone has said basically what I want to say but, I want to stand up here and say, you know
why I am here, I am in support of the six district plan. But, the thing that bothers me, I keep
hearing people say, you know, we might as well present something to you that we think will
pass, the six member district plan won't pass. And, why are they saying this? Because, the
people who are in the majority are going to vote it down. So, then we will end up in the courts,
won't we? I mean, why can't we solicit cooperation from a people who came to Miami because
of being oppressed and found people here who were oppressed. So, why do you want to come
here and keep us oppressed.
30 July 1, 1997
Unidentified Speaker: That's it.
Ms. Wilcox: All we are asking for is a fair share of government. I am here this morning with
my son and my grandchildren who I would like to see have voice in government. I don't want
them to face taxation without representation. I want them to be able to have a part of this
government. I, too, Mr. Hernandez was born in Miami and I have been here all of my life except
for the time that I spent away from school. I understand, yes, you are my representative. I was
bothered when you were elected to our district naturally because that left me off the
Commission. I want somebody on this Commission who knows about my problem. People who
are out there with me...
Unidentified Speaker: That's right.
Ms. Wilcox: ... people who are coming to see about my problems. Whenever there is a Meek
elected or a Carrey elected, even...
Unidentified Speaker: Bush.
Ms. Wilcox: Yes, a Bush elected. The one who stood here and battled for dear life last Tuesday
night. And, I learned some things by the way about... Does this mean I am through? I learned
some things about our parliamentary procedure last Tuesday night that I never heard before. All
kind of rules, all kind of things coming up. Folk, we simply want a piece of the pie. We want
representation. In this thing, you know, you learned it in school. Taxation without
representation, who wants that? My good friend, Mr. Mayor, I appeal to you and the rest of the
members of the Commission, please, when you make your decision, think about people who
were oppressed when you... when so many of your people came over. If he was born here, then
that means he was already here. But, he knew about it. And, I would like to see some more
color on your Commission. Color is beautiful. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Ms. Wilcox.
Mr. Robert Jackson: Good morning, Mr. Mayor...
Mayor Carollo: Yes, sir.
Mr. Jackson: ... Commission. I thank you for giving me this opportunity to speak before the
Commission this morning. I have a few problems here. As of Saturday morning, Commissioner
Hernandez was saying that 95 percent of...
Mayor Carollo: Can we get your name and address for the record, please?
Mr. Jackson: Robert Jackson...
Mayor Carollo: Thank you.
Mr. Jackson: ... 3000 Northwest 77th Street. He had a big concern about communities being cut
in half. Spanish communities being cut in half. And, well I see the maps are gone now. But,
what I want, what I want him to explain to me was, how can he draw up a map that divides
Overtown so that Overtown wouldn't have any kind of power. You know, Overtown is suffering
as it is now. Also, Mr. Hernandez, if you would answer questions for me, here. When you were
elected, you were elected to serve the people of Miami. We have at -large voting. I want to read
something what I read out of the Miami Herald a Sunday morning. And, I was very appalled.
You know, people are hinting around these things at you, but I want to direct it to you and
maybe you can make me feel better. I understand... Why would you get on a Spanish language
31 July 1, 1997
radio station last week and inflame the Spanish community of the fact, telling them that they... if
they went with the six district plan they will be represented by a Black Commissioner? Can you
explain to me Mr. Commissioner, as a Commissioner of the people, not just the Spanish people,
can you explain to me why did you do that" You know, I... You know, I understand... Oh, OK.
Mayor Carollo: You have got some time left. Well, you did. Your time is up. The
Commissioner wants to answer you. He certainly has the right to.
Mr. Jackson: OK, thank you. So, I wont get an answer for that.
Commissioner Hernandez: You want me to get into it?
Mayor Carollo: It's totally up to you, Commissioner. Your time is up, thank you, sir.
Mr. Jackson: Yes, I understand. But, I need an answer.
1
Commissioner Hernandez: So, we don't take things out of context, let me explain to you exactly
what I was explaining to the public, Saturday morning. Under the 6-2C plan, this is about equal
representation, one man, one vote and we have to follow guidelines. Under 6-2C, 35,000
Hispanic -Americans will be disenfranchised by this plan. It's that simple.
Mr. Jackson: I can't understand how.
Commissioner Hernandez: We are not the... Excuse me?
Mr. Jackson: I can't understand how.
Commissioner Hernandez: I'll explain it to you very simple.
Mr. Jackson: ... because you have the majority.
Commissioner Hernandez: Very simple. Give me a second. District 6-2C. District 1, which is
an African -American district, 17,594 Hispanic -Americans are in that district.
Mr. Jackson: It still gives you three districts.
Commissioner Hernandez: Hold on, let me give... Let me explain. District IV and V, Hispanic -
American districts, 191 African -Americans are only there. Where is the disenfranchising is my
question? And, to finish...
Mr. Jackson: But, we are...
Commissioner Hernandez: And, to finish what I was trying to explain. When you look at the
overall population, it's very simple. There is so much we can stretch the population. It's as
simple as that. We are disenfranchising a group -- an ethnic group -- OK? on behalf of another
ethnic group. That's what we cannot do. My whole purpose here is to spread this as evenly as
possible without disenfranchising -- OK? A total population. You have 35,000 Hispanic -
Americans that have been left without any commonality of interest. And, I ask you this because
it was taken out of context and I will answer Reverend Coats with what he mentions here. I did
not say the African -American community was trying to take care of... take over Jose Marti Park.
All I said was, that under the districts what had been drawn on 6-2C, Jose Marti Park was in the
heart of Little Havana would be represented in an African -American district. And, I ask you,
how would the African -American population feel if Charles Hadley Park would be in the middle
of a Hispanic -American district?
32 July 1, 1997
': i;
Mr. Jackson: Well, right now the way it's going...
Commissioner Hernandez: And, I remember, I remember correctly, OK? And, I want to end
with this. That the African -American community told me that they could not be represented by
someone that did not look like them.
Mr. Jackson: But, we are.
Commissioner Hernandez: OK, so now you are telling me totally the opposite.
Mr. Jackson: Yeah, but we are being represented by you.
Commissioner Hernandez: That's absolutely right.
Mr. Jackson: Yeah, that's why we are trying to get district elections.
Commissioner Hernandez: And, this young lady that came here, I was represented and I am
elected Citywide, not by a district. So, I represent the entire City of Miami as well as every
Commissioner who sits on this board. And, every time, and I am not going to get into a debate
with the African -American community. Every time, the African -American community has
knocked on my door, I have been there for them and I have a list of things, and I am not going to
get into this right now. Of every single thing I have done for the African -American community.
So, if this is goirig to be taking care of me, I'll debate this all the way to the end with you, OK.
Mayor Carollo: Sir, two minutes, please.
Mr. Jackson: Uh-huh, all right, OK. But, I go with 6-2C. Thank you.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, sir. Two minutes. Thank you.
Mr. Williams Wallace: It wouldn't take me two minutes. My name is William Wallace and I
reside at 1032 Northwest 35th Street for 30 years. And, I am in favor of the 6-2 plan. Thank
you.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, sir. Sir.
Mr. Clarence Williams: Good morning, Commissioners, Mr. Mayor.
Mayor Carollo: Go ahead.
Mr. Williams: I... In response to what the gentleman said in front of me, I don't like the
devisive nature of the conversation that just took place. But, Joe and Willie, I just saw you just
left here, I know both of you and I have known you for some time. I trust you, Joe, to lead this
Commission and do the right thing. When you look at the makeup of this Commission and
people were talking about the disenfranchising of 35,000 Hispanic people. But, when you look
at the makeup of this Commission and you look at the population of Blacks in the City of Miami,
who is being disenfranchised?
Unidentified Speaker: That's it.
Mr. Williams: Mr. Mayor, I trust you to do the right thing.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you for being here today. We will reconvene at 11:00 a.m.
33
July 1, 1997
Vice Mayor Regalado: Mr. Mayor, if I may say something because some of you will not
probably be back and we will see other faces here. But, I am really troubled by some of the
people that have spoken here regarding the fact that Cubans came to this City and the fact that
we do not want representation from other communities. I am really troubled and I am sad
because when an election took place on September and that I had the opportunity of running for
this seat, I did campaign in every community and yet, I was not supported by the Afro-American
community. As a matter of fact, I was told by a very dear friend of mine, an Afro-American
journalist, a guy who I respect, that although he thought that I was best, he could not support me
publicly because that will create problems for him in his community. And, yet in November I,
my wife, my daughter went to the radio, to the Cuban radio, went to the polls, to the Cuban polls
and campaigned for the Afro-American representative in this Commission. I think that if we are
going to talk about fairness, you should remember those things because I was criticized by my
community. But, I thought at that time I did the right thing. So, don't come here to talk about
fairness, especially a person that came here and sort of you sir, sort of... yes, you. You know, if
we are talking here about unity, why divide? If we want to have equal representation why
criticize? If we want to be like brothers, why punish the people who happen to come here
seeking freedom? So, I am really concerned about the way that this issue is going because it
seems that every time we go on discussing, we are more divided than united. And, Mr. Mayor,
that's all I wanted to say. And, we will be here listening to the communities and saying here the
same thing that we say on the media, we say on the street.
Mayor Carollo: Ma'am, you will be the last speaker then.
Ms. Maude Pitter: It's short. It's...
Mayor Carollo: Two minutes. And, then we will reconvene at eleven.
Ms. Maude Pitter: Thank you. Good morning to the Commission, good morning to the public.
My name is Maude Pitter and I reside at 3160 Mundy Street. I just want to say I support the 6-
2C plan and we are just here to ask you to please be fair and it would be nice to have some
representation from Coconut Grove.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, ma'am. OK, we will reconvene at eleven in the morning. OK,
thank you.
THEREUPON THE CITY COMMISSION WENT INTO
RECESS AT 9:35 A.M. AND RECONVENED AT 11:43 A.M.,
WITH ALL MEMBERS OF THE CITY COMMISSION FOUND
TO BE PRESENT.
Commissioner Plummer: I would like to remind all of you and to all of the members of the
public and my colleagues on the Commission, your party Friday, is the 4th of July. We would
like to have all of you there, if possible, at eight o'clock in the evening for a special salute and
the public is invited. It's an all day affair. It's a City event. It starts at noon and goes to the
climax at eleven with a fireworks display. We will have three stages going all day long.
Something for everybody. So, again, to my colleagues, we would like if you can to be there at
eight o'clock at the amphitheater stage and to everybody else you are welcome all day long.
Thank you, Mr. Mayor.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Commissioner. So, truly you are popping out of the cake or..."
Commissioner Plummer: With my clothes on.
34 July 1, 1997
,t�
Vice Mayor Regalado: And, we all like fireworks anyway.
Commissioner Plummer: I'll give you the real one.
Mayor Carollo: OK, we have a full Commission now. And, I think everyone that was going to
be coming back is now here. Where would the Commission like to begin?
Commissioner Gort: Are we finished hearing from the public?
Mayor Carollo: Well, we had heard from the public, other people that were here. Now, there is
obviously after we get done deliberating, there might be others that might want to speak and they
will certainly have that right and opportunity to speak.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Mr. Mayor, David Leahy has given us some figures about the voters in
Miami. Maybe, you would like Mr. Leahy to explain to the audience these figures.
Mayor Carollo: Sure. Mr. Leahy.
Commissioner Gort: Mr. Mayor, what I would like after Mr. Leahy finishes, I would like for
Professor Lichtman to give some explanation about the legal ramifications and we also have the
attorneys represented here and they can go over some of the things we had dealt with in the past.
Mayor Carollo: OK, that's fine.
Commissioner Gort: And, what are the different options for this Commission
Mayor Carollo: Uh-huh. Mr. Leahy.
Mr. David Leahy: As of July 1st, today there are 132,275 registered voters in the City of Miami.
Twenty-one point four percent are non -Hispanic White, 26 percent non -Hispanic Black, 50
percent Hispanic. Point one percent American -Indian or Alaskan native. Point two percent
Asian or Pacific Islander and two point three percent we do not know their ethnicity or race since
it's not required that they provide that information when they register to vote. Just as
background information. I know the Commission knows this but not everybody does. Prior to
January 1st, 1995 when you registered to vote, you registered as White, Black or other. My
office to try to get a handle on a number of Hispanics that we had in this County, anybody that
was born in a predominantly Spanish speaking country or Puerto Rico was listed as Hispanics.
So, Hispanics were designated based on place of birth. After January 1st, 1995 when the
National Voter Registration Act went into effect, voters who are registering for the first time, or
voters who are changing their registration now have the ability to designate themselves what
categories to place themselves in.
Commissioner Plummer: Well, I asked the other day. Humberto is an example. Humberto is of
Cuban parents, born in Miami. Would he be listed as a Hispanic for voting registration or would
he be an Anglo?
Mr. Leahy: If he registered prior to January 1st, 1995, he would be listed as non -Hispanic
White.
Commissioner Plummer: And after then, he has the choice of registering the way he wishes? Is
that...?
Mr. Leahy: That's correct. So...
35
July 1, 1997
Commissioner Plummer: So, there is no definitive or definite answer there because the choice is
of the individual.
Mr. Leahy: After January 1st, 1995, the choice is of the individual. So, basically what you have
in these statistics, Hispanics are under counted, because some Hispanics born in this Country
who registered before 1995 are listed as Anglo.
Commissioner Plummer: What is your...?
Mr. Leahy: And, the Anglo is over -represented because you have Hispanics that are listed as
Anglo.
Commissioner Plummer: Are we not look also David at the fact of a tremendous surge of new
registered voters by virtue of the things that are coming out of Washington?
Mr. Leahy: Yes, you are.
Commissioner Plummer: And, I would say that probably 80 or 90 percent of those new are
going to be Hispanic, without question, because it affects the elderly of the Cuban community or
the Hispanic community. So, I would assume that the surge we are probably going to see within
the next 12 months is going to be within that community.
Mr. Leahy: Absolutely. All groups are increasing in registration primarily because of the
National Voters Registration Act. But, Hispanic registration as you say, is the predominant one
in terms of numbers. So, therefore, the Hispanic percentage is the one that's going up, going by
leaps and bounds.
Commissioner Plummer: Maybe, I am on a different key. But, the key I was on, was the fact
that a lot of the Hispanics, the elderlies who had never become even a citizen were in fact going
to be losing their medicare and losing welfare and everything they had enjoyed, that are now
going to have to become a citizen and most likely a registered voter to continue on the benefits
that they had received previously. And, that's I think you are going to see a tremendous surge in
the Hispanic registration.
Mr. Leahy: You are absolutely right, Commissioner.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Like for instance, David, the other day there were about 10,000 new
citizens sworn in, in Convention Hall in Miami Beach. There were some registration tables and
my information was that three or 4,000 out of the 10,000 did register to vote in that area. And,
there were buses from different community centers in the City of Miami who then you would
presume, indeed a lot of people or some of the people that registered are City of Miami residents.
This is until July, as of July?
Mr. Leahy: This is as of today.
Vice Mayor Regalado: As of today.
Mr. Leahy: And, we probably have a back log of...
Vice Mayor Regalado: I was going to ask you that because...
Mr. Leahy:... four or 5,000 registrations...
Vice Mayor Regalado: Right.
36 July 1, 1997
Mr. Leahy: ... that we have not processed yet.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Right. I was... Exactly. I was going to ask you that because I know that
you closed the books so each month, at the end of the month, but you still have some backlog to
process. How many you said you still have.
Mr. Leahy: Probably about three or 4,000 that we haven't processed. Right now, we are seeing
about 10,000 registration forms a month arriving at my office. And, probably a good half of
those are coming out of the naturalization hearings.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Yeah.
Commissioner Plummer: And, of that 10,000 a month, what would you say the percentage of
that is Hispanic?
Mr. Leahy: I would probably say about 60 to 65 percent are Hispanics.
Vice Mayor Regalado: But, remember this is the... He is talking about the County, the whole
County.
Mr. Leahy: Correct.
Vice Mayor Regalado: And, the percentages for the City of Miami.
Mr. Leahy: It will probably be a little bit higher in Hispanic. Probably, close to 70 percent.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Mr. Mayor?
Mayor Carollo: Go ahead. Thank you, Mr. Leahy. Commissioner Gort.
Commissioner Gort: Can we hear from Professor Lichtman?
Mayor Carollo: Professor?
Dr. Allan Lichtman: Yes. Let me say, I worked with David Leahy many times and I am always
very impressed by the amount of work he is able to do in such a short period of time. Yes, what
question would you like me to answer.
Commissioner Gort: Mainly, we want you to go over the... Once again, as short as you can, a
summary of all the procedures we go through, what have the courts looked at, and what has been
your experience since you have been involved in over 70 cases throughout the nation? If you
can give us some of the experience, we are new at this. This is the first time we are going at this
and I want to make sure everybody understands that this is not as simple as it seems.
Dr. Lichtman: No, it's not simple. There are a lot of requirements. Let me go over some of the
major requirements again. Obviously, the paramount requirement is one person one vote. That
does not mean exact population, equality for local districting plans like this one. There would
be, obviously, different standards if we were doing a congressional. Can I use this, is this mike
alive? It would be obviously different standards if we are using a congressional. Roughly, the
rule of thumb for a local plan is, you can go five percent over the ideal number, five percent
below the ideal number and still be within a safety zone. It doesn't mean that if you exceed that,
it will automatically be declared unconstitutional. But, you are safe if you stay within the plus
and minus five percent. Secondly, of course, there is the Voting Rights Act which requires that a
37
July 1, 1997
ilk.
plan does not dilute opportunities for minority groups within the jurisdiction to be able to elect
candidates of their choice. It doesn't necessarily mean candidates of a particular racial or ethnic
background, it means candidates of the choice of the voters themselves. There are also new
constitutional requirements developed by the Supreme Court during the past four years which
require that a plan not be drawn predominantly on the basis of race. So, on the one hand, you
don't want to dilute minority opportunities in violation of the Voting Rights Act. On the other
hand, you need to steer clear of drawing plans predominantly based upon race. We drew these
plans, and this is very important to understand, without looking at the racial numbers. We drew
the plans based upon the neighborhood maps that we were provided by the City based upon
socioeconomic commonalities. Also, within the maps provided by the City we tried to make the
districts reasonably compact within trying to have one person one vote, neighborhood
boundaries and socioeconomic commonalities. We only looked at ethnic and racial breakdowns
after the lines were themselves drawn because it is of course relevant to the Voting Rights Act to
see what kind of opportunities any given plan provides for minorities within the City and of
course it is relevant for the people of the City to see all of the information which includes the
racial and ethnic breakdowns of each individual district. We developed no plans based on our
own initiative. All plans were developed based on instructions either from the Blue Ribbon
Committee or from this Commission. We, therefore, constructed plans with the following
number of single member districts. Four single member districts, six single member districts and
most recently five single member districts. All those plans to the best of our ability, conform to
the neighborhood maps, not perfectly. No plan ever perfectly conforms to lines on a map
because there are other considerations such as one person, one vote, which do not necessarily
match lines on a map because people live in different concentrations. So, to whatever extent we
could, we conform to neighborhood lines and socioeconomic commonalities in drawing the four,
the five and the six member plans. All of those were drawn at the instruction of this
Commission or the Blue Ribbon Committee. And, what thus far seems to have emerged from
the committee discussions, the public input and the Commission discussions is that what appears
to be favored now is either a four, a five or a six based upon the basic idea of one coastal district.
That's sort of a fundamental decision you have to make in drawing a plan, whether you divide
the coast into parts, or have a coastal district based upon keeping some of those neighborhoods
in tact and uniting people with common socioeconomic characteristics. All plans have both a
coastal district and divide the coast, although as I said the input seems to suggest some model
favoring a coastal district. Presuming you have a coastal district, all of our plans with four, five
and six members include districts which provide in our view opportunities for African -
Americans, Hispanics and Anglos within the City of Miami to elect at least one Commissioner of
their choice. I will repeat that. All plans whether four, five or six districts based on a coastal
district include at least one district which in our view provides and opportunity for African -
Americans, Anglos and Latinos to elect candidates of their choice. Depending upon which of
the configuations four, five or six you look at there can be differences in the numbers of those
districts. But, all plans provide such an opportunity. I was also asked to comment on the legal
defensibility I believe of the six member plan and the five member plan in terms of legal
considerations. All plans conform to one person, one vote. All plans I believe follow the
Supreme Court stricture that you are not to base a plan predominantly upon racial considerations.
As I said, we didn't even look at the racial numbers when we first drew the lines. the more
significant question is, the relationship of the plans to the Voting Rights Act. Do they provide
opportunities for minorities within the City to elect candidates of choice. As we know, the City
is slightly over 60 percent Hispanic in total population, about 12 or 13 percent Anglo and about a
quarter African -American. The law, the way case law has come down in the Voting Rights Act
does not require you to exactly fulfill opportunities, districts with opportunities for different
groups to elect candidates of their choice in those exact' proportions but it certainly does help the
defensibility of the plan if roughly they provide ethnic groups opportunities in proportion to the
population. The six district plan provides two districts with opportunities for African -Americans
to elect candidates of their choice, that's one third, they are about 25 percent. Three districts that
provide opportunities for Hispanics, that's 50 percent and one district about 16 percent that
38 July 1, 1997
provides an Anglo opportunities. If you add on a Mayor with voting power, as you probably
would have to in a six district plan, in a City that's 62 percent Hispanic that would in effect
provide another member of the Commission that would provide opportunities for Hispanics to
elect the candidates of their choice. Four out of seven or about 56 or 57 percent. So, I believe
the...
Mayor Carollo: If I may interrupt you for a moment, and I just want to get this on the record. I
am against an executive Mayor that would have dual powers to sit and vote in a Commission and
to have veto powers. First of all, fundamentally it's wrong. Secondly of all, I think it could be
challenged in everything that we would have accomplished could be out the door again. Because
I think there are some major legal flaws with that concept where you would have a sort of, what
some are calling a super executive Mayor, a super strong Mayor.
Dr. Lichtman: I wasn't at all suggest that.
Commissioner Gort: Mr. Mayor, I would like to make a statement. And, I think that motion was
passed around ten o'clock in the evening after we have been here for several hours and I think
that we have two members of the... I am sure that was not the intention of the motion.
Somehow, it might have been addressed that way then, but I am sure it was not...
Mayor Carollo: No, the... Yeah, the basic contention behind it I thought, was a reasonable one
coming from the Committee, that basically they did not want to enlarge the Commission
anymore than what it was because they realized I think that there might be some additional
problems, and the perception with the public in a larger Commission and they were trying to find
a way to keep it within a certain size. Six plus one, four plus one.
Dr. Lichtman: I agree with you completely. I was in no way suggesting a super Mayor. I was
simply saying, if you had a six district plan you would have to have some other at large
component in order to create an odd number of districts. I am certainly not advocating, and I
think a Mayor both with voting and veto power. And, I think I explained to the committee that I
was not familiar with any municipality or County that had that system. It doesn't mean it
doesn't exist, it just is not one that is a common one. So, I think the six district plan with a
coastal district is certainly defensible. With respect to the five district plan, you also do get
fairly, at least rough proportionality in terms of the various ethnic and racial groups within the
City. There are... and I am looking at 5-2 now, the plan using tracts, but they are very similar in
both respects. You have three districts that are very heavily Hispanic that would certainly
provide the Hispanic community opportunities to elect candidates of their choice. That's 60
percent of the districts. You have one district that is very heavily Black that would certainly
provide African -Americans an opportunity to elect candidates of their choice. That's 20 percent
of the districts. And, you have one district that is mixed and certainly would provide because
they will be the plurality group in terms of registered voters. Although, as David Leahy point
out, there may be some... those who identify as Hispanics among the White registered voters.
But, even given that, they would still be the plurality group among registered voters that
provides Anglos and opportunity to elect candidates of their choice. But, it is also a district, and
I am referring to District II here, the coastal district. It is also a district with significant African -
American influence. African -Americans are 27 percent of the voting age population of that
district and would be well over 30 percent, about a third of the registered voters in the district.
So, while it's certainly not a district that is likely to provide African -Americans by themselves
opportunities to elect candidates of their choice, I don't think anyone could run in that district
without some consideration to the African -American community. So, I think the 5-2 plan as we
developed it, and it's not etched in stone, the lines can be moved without changing the basic
fundamentals, do provide all the ethnic and racial groups within the City opportunities to elect
candidates of their choice and influence the political process. Now, to say a plan is legally
defensible doesn't mean it's the best plan, doesn't mean there aren't better plans. There are
39 July 1, 1997
infinite number of plans. And, I can understand why different individuals and different groups
might prefer one plan over another. I might have my own preferences, but with respect to the
more limited question, do I believe 5-2 and plan 6-2C are legally defensible? I believe, they
both are. That does not mean that a judge might come to a different conclusion, but I believe
you are on legally defensible grounds with both plans even if you slightly modify them because
the basic demographics remain the same.
Commissioner Gort: Thank you, sir.
Commissioner Plummer: Would you speak to the plan by Commissioner Hernandez?
Dr. Lichtman: Yes.
Commissioner Plummer: Do you feel that that is legally defensible?
Dr. Lichtman: I do feel that the plan developed by Commissioner Hernandez is legally
defensible. It creates three districts with opportunities for Hispanics to elect candidates of their
choice. Three districts that are two-thirds or more Hispanic. So even in registered voter
numbers they would be majority Hispanic district. It creates one district that's clearly,
overwhelmingly African -American. And, it also creates a district that does provide some
opportunities for non -Latin Whites of Anglos to elect candidates of their choice and that will be
in District I. I don't have voting age population numbers, so it's a little bit more difficult for me
to interpret the district. There is one difference though, that is, District I under what is titled the
"Hernandez plan" as compared to District II, the coastal district, -- yeah, this is the Hernandez
plan -- their district, coastal district is number one. The one drawn up by Dr. Wilson and myself
are coastal district is number two. That's really the only major difference and it's a small one,
but there is a difference. And, that is, it reduces African -American influence in the district.
Under the plan that Dr. Wilson and I drew, the population of African -Americans, this is the
population because I only have population data for the Hernandez plan and that's the only basis I
have for comparison. The population under the consultants plan for African -American
population in the district is 32 percent. The population under the Hernandez plan is 24 percent.
So, it's eight percentage points lower. So, if it's... And in turn of course, the Hispanic population
is eight or nine percentage points higher. So, you have a decision to make about how much
African -American influence you would create in the coastal district under the two different
plans.
Mayor Carollo: And, while we are still on five districts, on both the 5-1 districts and 5-2 district
tracts, how much of Overtown is being divided, taken out of district one?
Dr. Lichtman: Can you get that map up, David and...
Mayor Carollo: Maybe, Donna, if you have someone here that, you know, could assist him also
in identifying for them the areas that we are talking about in Overtown.
Dr. Lichtman: Let me explain again, to the public the differences between these two maps.
They are essentially the same, except 5-1 is based on blocks the smallest census geography.
Five two is based on tracts a much larger census geography. So, you are able to do a little more
fine tuning of a plan with blocks and as a result, I think we got just about all of Overtown.
Mayor Carollo: Yeah, and the reason I am asking that...
Unidentified Speaker: ... neighborhood maps?
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah, we have neighborhood maps.
►,#
July 1, 1997
Mayor Carollo: ... is because if any of these five districts is going; to be considered, you have
sufficient room to put all of Overtown in District I because District I in either one of these plans
is slightly under the average amount of the other districts in population. So, in fact you would
even balance it out more by putting all of Overtown in District I.
Dr. Lichtman: The only reason all of Overtown is not in one, in 5-2, is we didn't split census
tracts. All you have to do would be to split one census track and you could have the same
configuration under the tract plan as we have under the block plan.
Mayor Carollo: Do you...?
Dr. Lichtman: So, it's quite easy...
Mayor Carollo: Yeah.
Dr. Lichtman: So, it's quite easy to include all of Overtown provided you got to split a census
track.
Mayor Carollo: Yeah, do you have any idea of how many people we would be talking about,
more or less, in that particular area, you split it, two or three thousand, maybe?
Dr. Lichtman: At most.
Mayor Carollo: OK.
Dr. Lichtman: At most, I would think.
Mayor Carollo: Yeah, which would fall within the guidelines, what we are working on.
Dr. Lichtman: We can... If you are going to split the tract there, we could adjust it to fall within
the guidelines.
Mayor Carollo: I would be in favor of doing that, if we were to consider either one of those two
plans for districts.
Dr. Lichtman: It's already done on 5-1, because that's based on blocks. We can certainly do it...
Mayor Carollo: Yeah.
Dr. Lichtman: ... on 5-2, if you decide you want 5-2.
Mayor Carollo: OK, on 5-1 it is complete done already, or not?
Dr. Lichtman: I believe it's completely done.
Mayor Carollo: Five one is completely done. So you just need to do it on the other one if the
Commission were to consider that?
Dr. Lichtman: That's correct, Mr. Mayor.
Commissioner Plummer: And, how does that compare into this plan of Henandez?
Dr. Lichtman: Can we bring the Hernandez plan up, it's too hard to work with...
41 July 1, 1997
Mayor Carollo: Overtown is completely out in the Hernandez plan.
Dr. Lichtman: I believe Overtown is in the majority Hispanic district in the Hernandez plan.
Commissioner Plummer: It becomes part of what?
Commissioner Gort: Allapattah.
Commissioner Plummer: Allapattah?
Dr. Lichtman: It's in District V which is, believe is a 67 percent Hispanic district. There are a
number of... aside from the demographic differences between 5-2 and the Hernandez plan, there
are some neighborhood differences as well. If you want me to go over them, I will. But, if...
You do? OK.
Mayor Carollo: Uh-huh, sure.
Dr. Lichtman: You already pointed out one of the major differences, which is that Overtown
under the Hernandez plan is in with Allapattah and it goes over and also picks up a piece of
Flagami. This... I think the line for the neighborhood of Flagami - David, am I correct? -- is
right here.
Mr. Leahy: Yes.
Dr. Lichtman: So, all of these tracts which is a substantial population is in with Overtown and
Allapattah. On this plan you can see Overtown is almost entirely and can be put entirely in
District I, which is the majority African -American district. And, there is no splitting of Flagami
and no splitting of Allapattah. There is a split of Allapattah on the Hernandez plan. On the other
hand, the plan the consultants came up with does pull out a piece of Little Haiti which goes into
District II. In order to create population for District II, and that's why also it has a greater
African -American representation. The Hernandez plan keeps Wynwood Edgewater in tact
within District I, and gets additional population by going up into Coral Way, which is why the
Hernandez plan has more Hispanic population in District I, and the consultants plan has
relatively more African -American population in District I. Generally, as well as that
neighborhood analysis, you can see the Hernandez plan creates districts that stretch much more
on an East to West direction within the City. District V just about stretches across the City.
Whereas the consultants plan is a more north -south configuration. We wanted to try to keep
Flagami because it is such a large and geographically clear area into a single district, which puts
some of West Little Havana in the Flagami district and we have a district that's substantially
Coral Way and some of East Little Havana and another one that's substantially Allapattah. So,
it's more of a north south, this is more of an east west configuration.
Commissioner Plummer: You know the problem? I don't care what we do today, there is no
win win.
Dr. Lichtman: Well, there is never a perfect plan. There is an infinite number of variations, and
some folks will be more happy with one over the other.
Commissioner Plummer: Yeah, but basically what you are talking...
Dr. Lichtman: That's why we have you folks.
Commissioner Plummer: What you are talking about, if you take one district and you squeeze
the balloon it moves over here and then the balloon moves over there. You are moving...
42 July 1, 1997
Y-
Dr. Lichtman: Inevitably.
Commissioner Plummer: You are moving boundaries everywhere you go.
Dr. Lichtman: Which is why, to the extent we... You know, we come in here with no interest,
you know, no interest one way or the other. We tried as best we could to conform to the
neighborhoods and conform to the socioeconomics and to make sure that all the groups have
opportunities and influence and within the parameters of a five district plan. I think, you know,
we have come about as close as you can. You create more districts, you have got more play.
You create fewer districts, you have less play. I mean, that's the way it works. You give me 15
districts, you know you can fine tune them to every little group. Seven you have more play, of
course. That's the inevitable mathematics of it.
Commissioner Plummer: Where are we?
Mayor Carollo: What further questions does the members of the Commission have?
Commissioner Hernandez: Doctor, just one last question. Really, a point of clarification and
we discussed this in the morning, but I still don't understand why you used and the relevance on
voting age population. Because, I go back to my discussion with you of what relevance, due to
the fact of, for example, we have voting age population, Hispanics which are non -citizens, which
are not documented and therefore really don't come into place as a registered voter at the same
time or as an example could be the thousands of Nicaraguans which are of voting age, which are
now really under a preceding, a deportation in the United States law. So, what is...? I have
never really seen the use of Voting age population in breaking down these districts.
Dr. Lichtman: It's a very good question. I guess we'll have the same collogy we had this
morning. I'll try to be as responsive as I can, Commissioner Hernandez. Obviously, when you
are dealing with population, you are at many steps removed from registered voters. The first
step at which you are removed is that only persons 18 and over are even eligible to vote
regardless of their citizenship, felon status, or anything else. And, it turns out the age groups are
not evenly distributed within the population. In particular, if we will only look at total
population and not voting age population we will overestimate the African -American component
because African -Americans in this City relative to Anglos and Hispanics are younger. So, in the
5-2 plan, the Black population is 32 percent but the Black voting age population is only 26.6
percent. So, we get one step closer to the reality of voters by moving from total population to
voting age population. The next step of course, would then be, and this is a very difficult step to
do with precision as Mr. Leahy pointed out to go from there to citizen voting age population or
even from there to registered voters. And, so we don't have exact calculations of that. And, as
Mr. Leahy pointed out, even our registered voter numbers somewhat undercount Hispanics and
somewhat overcount Anglos. And, so we stopped at the point of those populations that are 18
and over but, we applied some rough rules of thumb. So, we know if the district is roughly
divided between 36 percent Anglos and 36 percent Hispanics, then when you get to registered
voters, in fact, it is going to be over 40 percent Anglo and somewhere in the middle of the high
20s Hispanics. So, while we stop in terms of the actual statistics of registered voters, in terms of
the final step of evaluating opportunities within the district, we certainly take into account, at
least rough estimates of precisely what you are talking about.
Mayor Carollo: Commissioner Plummer. Does the...? Commissioner, you want to ask him any
more questions?
Commissioner Gort: Let me ask a question, that's being suggested by some individuals. And, I
know we are looking at the size of the Commission, but at the same time we are looking trying to
43 July 1, 1997
P .1...
see how many neighborhoods we can maintain together. What will be the feasibility, and this is
something the Commission will have to analyze and look at the budget. And, I think if we go
into the districts, we might be able to cut some of the budget looking at seven.
Dr. Lichtman: We can create a seven. I have stressed... I mean, for months now that we can
create whatever you request us to create. If you saying you want a seven based upon this 5-2
configuration, it wouldn't be all that difficult to create a seven district plan based on a five,
excuse me, based on the six... You have that plan, the six, the latest six plan we drew? I have
forgotten the numbers now, 6-2 C, I believe. Give me the blocks because it's just a little more
refined. It's just a matter of creating an additional district, which would almost certainly be a
Hispanic majority district given the demographics of the City. So, you would have a four
Hispanic majority district carved somewhere in this area which you would probably do is, the
district now based on Model City and the district now based on Little Haiti would not come as
far south as they do. You cut a line at the river here and cut a line, I don't know exactly where,
because I haven't studied the seven until you mentioned it this moment. But, cut another line
there and then build an additional Hispanic majority district without a whole lot of modifications
of this basic configuration. So, yes, technically that is something we can do, and most likely will
produce four majority Hispanic, two majority African -American and a similar Anglo plurality
coastal district.
[APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Does that mean, Reverend Phillips that you don't want the 6-2 C, anymore?
Reverend Phillips: We want 6-2C, but you don't want 6-2C, so...
Commissioner Plummer: Well, I guess I have got to ask a question. If you break down the
population, you are looking at basically 60, 25 and 20.
Dr. Lichtman: Little less. Twelve or 13.
Commissioner Plummer: OK, how would you stop a Hispanic from screaming bloody murder
on a five member district if they didn't get 60 percent or three votes?
Dr. Lichtman: Are you addressing that to me?
Commissioner Plummer: I mean, yeah, I am just... I am trying to maybe, you know, I am trying
to work into this thing because there is no simple answer here. You have got registered voters as
a criteria, you have got population as a criteria, you have got a City that's so diversed that it's
incredible. But, to me, if you went, how do you say to the Hispanics that you are 60 percent, that
you are not entitled to three, one and one? I...
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah, I...
Commissioner Plummer: If you go on population, even if you go on registered voters, how do
you deny them the right of three? Now, you can argue about the other two, but if they are 60
percent of the population, it would seem to me that their right would be to 60 percent or three
votes. Now, tell me where I am wrong or where that doesn't. hold water?
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah, I can respond to that. In terms of drawing a five... Can you put up the 5-2
again? I am making David work here. In terms of a five district plan, and remember we do not
draw this to create racial districts, we draw it on the basis of the neighborhoods, we draw it on
the basic of socioeconomics.
44 July 1, 1997
A6
d�if`�'e•?:iit
Commissioner Plummer: Let me stop you for one minute.
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah.
Commissioner Plummer: Am I to assume that Hispanics are still for configuration in this Voter
Act, as minorities?
Dr. Lichtman: That is correct. Hispanics are covered under the Voting Rights Act as well as...
Commissioner Plummer: OK. I mean, I am the only true minority in this town left, all right.
But, that's not the point. I don't count as far as federal statistics and this is concern.
Dr. Lichtman: All right.
Commissioner Plummer: So, we are looking... When you say to protect the rights of minorities,
Hispanics are still considered for this purpose, a minority?
Dr. Lichtman: Hispanics are covered under the Voting Rights Act, that's correct. Although,
they are not a minority within this City and wouldn't...
Commissioner Plummer: No, no, no. But, you can't count them.
Dr. Lichtman: But, I don't want to. get into that actually, because I want to respond to your
original question. We can get into the other issue if we have to. When you draw a plan, and we
are told to draw five districts, OK. That's not our decision, that's what we are told to do and we
try to draw a plan, you know, preserving the commonalities of the coast and basically
conforming to the neighborhoods, you will inevitably get three districts that are substantial
majority Hispanics. That is a function of choosing five districts. It will come out three, at least
three. You may be able to jiggle it to get a fourth. But, just doing it naturally, you will get three
substantial majority Hispanic districts. That's a function of the number of districts you choose.
The fact that Hispanics are 62, 63 percent of the population and a function of how the
neighborhoods come down. That's not really a moot point, that will happen. You will get at
least three majority Hispanic districts by choosing five.
Mayor Carollo: We could at this point in time, if it's the will of the Commission...?
Commissioner Hernandez: Mr. Mayor, I think it would be important that you bring up a
memorandum that, just for the general public...
Mayor Carollo: Feel free to.
Commissioner Hernandez: We received a memorandum from the Chief of Staff of the office of
the City Manager from... a memorandum directed to him from the director of Office of Budget
and Management Analysis in which one extra Commissioner would cost the City of Miami
approximately three hundred and ten thousand one hundred and seventy-six dollars ($310,176).
Two Commissioners, two extra Commissioners would cost the City approximately six hundred
and ten thousand dollars three hundred and fifty-two. When we discussed seven, that will be
three extra Commissioners. I would assume that we could increase it by another three hundred
thousand, so we are at the borderline of one million dollars ($1,000,000), correct?
Commissioner Plummer: Well, no. No, you are not correct.
Mr. Aaron Weeks (Chief of Staff): Commissioner... Hold on.
45 July 1, 1997
Commissioner Plummer: Let me tell you why you are not correct, OK. Because you are not
figuring in here that we are most likely going to some kind of either executive or strong Mayor.
And, he is not going to work for less. I would assume that a hundred thousand dollars
($100,000) a year. Plus, it's going to take more office space than what he is presently doing. So,
these numbers are just if it is one Commissioner or two. We are definitely talking, I think we are
definitely talking the Mayor being aside, whether if it's executive or strong and that's not added
into these numbers. So, it's going to definitely be more than what we have here.
j Mr. Weeks: Commissioners, the numbers that were put together that you have in front of you
are steady state calculations. In other words, this is based on what it currently costs now in order
to have a Commissioner office. There are several policy determinations of which this
Commission could make which would either lower or increase the cost for Commissioners.
Such as, you could make a determination to decrease the budgets for the Commissioners which
would decrease these numbers. The determinations of having an executive Mayor in terms of
salaries is not contemplated in these numbers and therefore that would also have an impact.
Commissioner Plummer: Absolutely.
Mr. Weeks: But, these are steady state calculations based upon what we know now in terms of
cost.
j Commissioner Plummer: As to Commissioners.
Mayor Carollo: I guess that the best track record...
Commissioner Plummer: It doesn't address the Mayor's position at all.
Mayor Carollo: ... to go look at is to see...
Commissioner Hernandez: What happened.
Mayor Carollo: ... what happened when they went to larger, much larger districts was the
County and even the School Board.
Commissioner Hernandez: Yeah.
Mayor Carollo: Particularly, the County. Did their budgets go up or did they go down, do we
know?
Commissioner Plummer: Yeah, because they get that two hundred thousand slush fund.
Mr. Weeks: At the County, the budgets went up.
Commissioner Plummer: Yeah.
Commissioner Gort: You know, one thing that we need to consider in here in making our
decisions, is like J.L. has been saying for the last month. We are having an election coming in
September where people are going to be asked are we going to keep the City of Miami or are we
going to do away with the City of Miami? So, this is something that we need to analyze. Are
we going to have the City? And, that's...
Commissioner Hernandez: Well, that's been one of my main object... When I objected to the six
plan besides the demographics which was my main interest, is the bigger government
46 July 1, 1997
AliYJ
philosophy, the bigger bureaucracy, the bigger budgets. We obviously passed a very unpopular
Fire Assessment Fee which is still hovering over voters in the City of Miami. And, on top of
that, when we start discussing a bigger form of Commission, so does the budget increase and that
was something that I think we almost addressed when we discussed bigger districts. I mean,
bigger, a bigger Commission. Especially when we have that special election coming up
September 4th.
Commissioner Gort: I just want to make everybody aware that election is two months away or
less than that I think.
Vice Mayor Regalado: I guess that...
Commissioner Gort: It is less than that.
Vice Mayor Regalado: I guess that all the members of this board are in tuned with the fact that
we need first to have a City and then resolve the other problems that this City has. And, it does
have a lot of problems and I just want to remind the members of this Commission and the public
that a preliminary report out of some departments from the County that will he published soon,
will tell the people of Dade County and, of course the people of Miami that if the City of Miami
were to be abolished taxes will probably go down if the City takes several steps.
Mayor Carollo: Did we expect anything less?
Vice Mayor Regalado: No, of course not. But, Mr. Mayor...
Mayor Carollo: They would save a lot of money on Maritime Park, wouldn't they?
Vice Mayor Regalado: Mr. Mayor, it's just that we are fighting in two fronts at the same time
and the problem that I see here and the problem that I saw before we had a break in the morning,
is that every time that we keep discussing we are more divided because we bring more issues.
We inject more controversy and to save the City of Miami... I think that the City of Miami with
100 years and with a bright future, should be saved not by a 52 or a 55 percent of a margin of...
in favor of the City of Miami. But, by a 90 percent because that would give the City itself a
mandate to go ahead and if we keep injecting this divisiveness, well, we are going to have to
defend the City and at the same time defend other issues and at the same time members of this
Commission will be asked to respond to the needs of this community or the other community
and the complaints of this community and the other communities. And, I am sure that all the
citizens of Miami, all the residents of Miami, would first want is to have the City. And, to have
the City with a mandate that could go forward with all the things that we need to do. One of the
things that we need to do is, of course, have equal representation. But, you know, I have said, I
am sure that the people who are here in the audience who do listen to the radio because it seems
that you do, would have heard me say that every time that I go on the air, that my priority is to
have a City, to save a City, to work for the City with all the communities united and not have
divisive issues come into us.
Mayor Carollo: Representative Meek.
Representative Kendrick Meek: Thank you, Mr. Mayor, members of the Commission. We
spoke a little earlier -- I am back now -- about leadership and taking responsibility. And, I must
say, that Commissioner Gort, as I was... I made some phone calls during the break, during my
break. I noticed that you all went on for an hour after I left of looking at other cities and how
they are doing it. And, I must say that when we look at representation of a community and
especially as we look at Miami, -the question of Miami's existence coming up before the voters
in another two months, we have to make sure that everyone feels that they are represented and
47 July 1, 1997
that it's an inclusive process. I think this morning I spoke of representation and not larger bigger
government. Bigger government is when you add more people to the... I don't want to call out a
department head, my good friend is here and in fact a good lot of my friends that are here are
heads of departments. But, when you put in a bureaucratic, unelected, what you may say
"appointed position" then that could bring about problems. But, when you look at
accountability, look at the County, for instance. When they went into districts you could call
down to a Commissioner and get accountability, need it be a trash pile, need it be a street light or
street sign or whatever the case might be. Right now, we are a committee as we look at the City
of Miami government ran by a committee. And, I think that if you want to look at it as a cost
thing, I don't think we should look at it as that.. I think we could address that like I believe
Commissioner Plummer or Commissioner Gort mentioned of looking at the budgets that already
exists within your own offices and trying to make sure that everyone is represented. I think the
seven district plan... I haven't talked with anyone as it relates to that. But, as it relates to my
opinion of it, I think it's a good step toward hopefully mitigating this situation. Allowing
blighted areas as I mentioned, especially in the Black community to have representation beyond
one person. I think it also presents some other opportunities for other ethnic groups to have
representation, not only African -Americans but Haitian -Americans of having an opportunity to
be represented. But, I think, if we look at it from a representation standpoint, to where that
everyone in the City can say it's not how my City feels about me, it's how I feel about my City.
And, then I can call on my City Commissioners, as in plural, to hopefully assist me in all of my
needs. So, look at it from a representation standpoint, not a bigger government, larger
government, if you ask anyone who votes for you or who vote for me, they want accountability.
You say, well, why don't we break it down to a smaller area where Commissioner Regalado is in
charge of area one, whatever that area may be. Then, they know that they can call
Commissioner Regalado and they will get accountability. And, they can call whoever they have
to call as it relates to other districts. But, I think that as it relates to the Black community, it's
important that we have at least two districts. And, I think the Blue Ribbon Commission, I see a
lot of the members here. When they looked at it, they said that they wanted true representation,
two people to represent the Black community, one from the Anglo and four to give the super
majority. I am sorry, three from the Hispanic community and you still can accomplish that
through a seven district plan. Commissioner Plummer, you are 100 percent right? I think that if
the population of the City is a majority Hispanic at this time, or you may say Cuban -Americans,
I that yes, they should have what you may say a super majority, all right. And, they are going to
have that, regardless. And, they can accomplish that through a seven district plan. So, I think
that that is one way, Mr. Mayor, that we can start to approach that. I heard you say this morning
that members of the Commission can introduce plans, additional plans too, before this body.
And, I think that if you or one of the Commissioners wanted to take that on or instruct your
higher consultant to look at that, I think that's one way of hopefully looking coming to some sort
of resolution. So, I just wanted to add that as my two cents that I will continue to add so I can
come up with ten cents, eventually. But, I want to... Let's work together with this and I think
that's one way of mitigating the whole situation. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Peggy, go ahead.
i
Mr. Peggy Demon: Peggy Demon. Can you hear me? No. Peggy Demon.
Mayor Carollo: Yes.
Mr. Demon: 25 West Flagler Street. Also, a member of the Blue Ribbon Committee. I am
listening very intently this morning at everybody and also at the Commission. And, it seems to
me that there is no way in any scenario we have listened at that the Hispanic community could
loose. There is no way. If you go from four to five to six to seven. Whatever, you come up
with, you are going to be OK. The question is, I think for you is, is whether or not you are going
to work with the entire community. Whether everybody is going to have an opportunity. Let's
48 July 1, 1997
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look at five. If we go with five and a Mayor, that's six people. If you get two and the Mayor,
that's 49 percent. If you get three and the Mayor, that's 66 percent. If you get four seats and the
Mayor, that's 87. There is no reason to overstep one way or the other. I want to say that a lot of
people are watching what we do. This is a historic time in the City of Miami. We look at the
Black community as members of the committee. We looked at it. We say never in the history of
Miami has the Black community had an opportunity. People who have been disenfranchised
since the time we have been here. Never, have we had an opportunity to get two. And, then we
looked at the White community. A community that is very mobile, that there has been some
rapid changes over a period of time. We felt they should have some access. When we looked at
the six plan it was the only one when we looked at the voter registration that gave them a
halfway decent chance. Fifty-one percent of the registered voters to be able to get somebody in
there. I think if you have a problem with the six, then we go to the seven. I started this process
by saying the larger the number of seats we have the better it would be for the neighborhood. If
you look at what is happening politically, not only in Dade County but around the country,
people want representative government. They want to be able to reach out and touch their
Commissioner. And, if you go to a larger scenario more of your neighborhoods are going to
have this person that they can embrace, that they can see in the grocery store, that they can tell
about their problems, that they can go on, and on and on. You become the heroes. You become
the beginning of a march in America for a sort of a mobilization, a coming together of
communities. And, I think you have an opportunity now to lead. The question is, which way
shall we go? Thank you. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Peggy. Representative Morse.
Representative Luis Morse: Mayor, Commissioners. For the record, Luis Morse, State
Representative for District 113 of the Florida House. First, I want to congratulate you for having
taken the proactive step of not waiting for the court case work along but to really working with
the community and trying to come up with single member district. I am a product of single
member district, so is Representative Meek, so is Representative Bush. Without single member
i
districts, I can assure you that we would not be state representatives for the State of Florida. So,
I am one of those that's fully, fully in support of single member district. What the difficulty that
you are going to be faced with is that not only do you need to take a... make a decision but also,
that position that you are going to be taking here will be put in front of the voters of the City of
jMiami.
And, it's going to be the voters of the City of Miami, the ones that are going to be taking
f
the last decision. It's going to be in the voters hands and whatever decision you take has got to
take into consideration, can it be sold, and can you convince the voters of the City of Miami that
that is the correct plan? And, that is the key to coming up with something for the future of our
City. And, I say for the future of our City because I want very, very much for the City of Miami
to be an entity next year and the following year and forever. Because, I truly believe in our City
and love it and wish it to have a great future. But, in order to do that you all will have to come
up with a decision that will satisfy the voters. And, unfortunately, cost will come into effect,
representation comes into effect. People will... some people would think that they are not... that
{
they are being disenfranchised. Some people would think that it's going to be costing too much
and it's a balancing act. I hope that when you make your final decision that we can all come
together and all be together in different radio stations and different forums advocating for a
positive vote to have a single member district plan that will truly carry us on to the next century.
Again, my best wishes. This is not an easy job, the one that you have. Because, really you have
to balance, you are trying to balance some things that are in some cases are' very much lost
because the final judge is going to be the voters of the City of Miami. And, you cannot put
something in front of them in which the majority of them are going to reject. We have got to
come up with a plan that will be acceptable to the majority and that we can sell to the majority of
the voters of this great City in September when we have that vote. So, I wish you luck and
really, my best wishes to you in coming up with a plan. Although, I think that we are coming up,
that you are going to end up with, I think, from a five or a seven member Commission. Good
luck. [APPLAUSE]
49 July 1, 1997
1t
Mayor Carollo: Thank you. Do you need to speak again, Representative Bush?
Ms. Frankie S. Rolle: He's going to let me speak.
Representative Bush: Yes, I do.
Ms. Rolle: He is going to give it to me.
Mayor Carollo: OK. Frankie, can I ask you a favor?
Ms. Rolle: What?
Mayor Carollo: Can he go ahead of you...
Ms. Rolle: I wanted to go ahead of him.
Mayor Carollo: .. because after that we are going to go with the two minutes? I am giving our
elected officials the courtesy of being able to speak a little longer and then I am sure there is a lot
of other people are going to want to speak then, and we are going to go into two minutes that we
described that we would do earlier. Thank you.
Representative Bush: Mr. Mayor, that shows the brilliancy of your leadership not to restrict...
Commissioner Plummer: Ho, ho, ho. What are you here, after?
Representative Bush: ... restrict the preacher. To restrict the minister and politician to two
minutes, you know.
Mayor Carollo: Well, what do you think Frankie, is he right or not?
Commissioner Plummer: He got your vote but he lost every woman's vote in this City.
Representative Bush: But, let me just first say that I want to commend the Mayor for forming
the Blue Ribbon Commission and all the Commissioners for working very hard on this issue, and
not to fight the issue. As you know, in the County they fought it up to the very end and the
courts had to come in and force them to do what was right. I listened this morning.... I had an
opportunity, Mr. Mayor, to, as a member of the Commission to at least participate, I think about
three of the meetings. And,. I listened to the majority of the participants or citizens in the City of
Miami and leaders, the leadership of those various areas who expressed their desire and interest
in the map, I think, 6-2C, which encompasses all of the necessary neighborhoods, the
socioeconomic demographs and giving full representation across the entire City. Also, this
morning I listened to a lot of the citizens who are not here because of whatever reasons, they had
to leave, about leadership. I heard my great colleague, Representative Meek speak very clearly
about leadership. And, it's all now about leadership. I heard so many things about what it's
going to cost the City, how we want to look at the cost factor and the Mayor not being included
in the figure you just gave, Mr. Clerk, Manager, and all the other things. But, let me just say
that we have to make a decision on what we are going to do. The City of Miami, the district that
I represent and the majority of this district is in my legislative district. And, Representative
Meek brought it out very clear, there is a lot of suffering, there is a lot of crime. I live in my
district and I witness this every day. I witness people who are having some tremendous
problems and some who feel that they are disenfranchised. And, when we look at the history of
this county, in terms of having representation... We had an African -American. I know we are
not... this is not the predominant factor in terms of configurating these maps. But, we had an
So July 1, 1997
2
African -American on this seat and we lost that, OK. The history books are replete with
situations that show there are certain individuals and certain classes of people that are
disenfranchised from the political process or from the process in general or getting a piece of the
pie. So, what I am trying to say to this Commissioner this morning, this afternoon rather, that
the people have spoken. They pretty much have given you based on their testimonies, based on
what they see, based on, and I heard the expert bring out in his presentation that some of the
guidelines that he is working under or they are working under, one person, one vote, am I right?
{ One person, one vote. I heard them talk about the 1965 Voters Right Act -- and I am going to
wind this up in about a minute -- 1965 Voting Rights Act and how in that act certain classes are
protected under the 1965 Voting Rights Act. I heard them talk about the Supreme Court
decision that came out about four years ago where you could not put districts together based on
race alone. And, I heard them talk about the social economic communities and all that... all
those other factors involved. Now we have it. We have a different array of maps here, we have
some, the ... Some communities feel that they want their communities to stay together, some
feel that it's an invasion on certain communities. So now, I think that we have found the
I solution, Mr. Mayor. I think that if we can come back and the experts have clearly stated that
they can come back by, I think you said Thursday , right? By Thursday, with the seven member
plan, and I think that we can pretty much include all of the communities and take under
consideration all of the guidelines and the prerequisites that we are working with within the
Constitution and all, and we can leave here as a unified community. I think this morning, some
of the citizens left here very, very angry for the fact that they felt members of this Commission,
who represents them who... These are taxpayers who got on the radio and said certain things
about African -Americans vice versa. We don't need that polarization in this community, we
have enough problems here in Miami and particularly in the City of Miami and Dade County.
Mr. Mayor, I think that if you guys, should I say, you Commissioners will consider the seven
plan, let us come back on Thursday, let's put this together. And, I think that we can leave here
all together as one, not Blacks against Hispanics, Hispanics against Whites. And, I believe that
this is the type of leadership that's needed. You have a great opportunity, Mr. Mayor, to lead the
charge. The ball is in your hand. We just need you now to call the right plan. And, I think with
your leadership... And, the last point, and then I will take my seat. The last point we are talking
about, we speculate that, well, the voters are not going to pass plan 6-2C, or 5-2, whatever.
Well, we don't know that, we can only speculate. Let's put it before the voters and give the
voters an opportunity to make that choice. And, I think that you will find that if you as the
leaders, as Kendrick talked about the leadership, you as leaders if you expose this kind of
leadership, in mounts, I think that the voters will get behind you and get behind this plan, one
plan as a unified front. Let's just remember, Mr. Mayor, I have been in this City for a little time
now and I have been in the midst of a whole lot of disturbance and I think it's time for, we as
representatives, I see my colleague is here today, you as Commissioners, to stand up and show
our children that we have... We can do it. We can act better than what this City has been acting,
and how we have been acting and I think the leadership from you and I want to commend all of
you and I believe that you are going to do the right thing. And, we can't stand alone, Hispanics
can't stand alone, Blacks can't stand alone. We can do it together. And, I want just for the
record, that it's time now for the City of Miami to put aside this race issue and let's deal with
people. People issue is what it's all about. And, I am looking for your leadership and I want to
work with you. This is my district that you are dealing with now, this whole City of Miami.
And, I will be here to work with you, Mr. Mayor and Commissioners, and let's go ahead and
show the people that we are unified as Blacks and Hispanics. Thank you, very much.
[APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, very much. Frankie. Thank you.
Ms. Rolle: Now, will I get two minutes? I am the last speaker.
Mayor Carollo: ell, I... Somehow, I don't think you will be the last speaker.
51 July 1, 1997
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Ms. Rolle: OK, my name is Frankie Shannon Rolle and I reside at 3430 William Avenue. I am
also a member of the Blue Ribbon Committee. We were given a task to come up with plans to
present to the Commissioners, it's my understanding that within the City of Miami we ask for
the service of the Police, we ask for the service of the Fire Department, we ask for the service of
the Sanitation Department, we deal with economic development. Now, that doesn't happen in
one community. All of us ask for the same thing. If it's trash on my street, I want it moved. If I
need the Fire Rescue, I want the Fire Rescue or the Fire Department. If I need the Police, I want
the Police. And, if I want some development to go on in my community and you can assist, I
want the development to go on in my community. And, I think every community want the same
thing. You have a job to do, you gave us a job to do. You talk about money, I don't know how
much you paid the experts but you paid them to do a job. And, then when they do that job, you
ask them questions and they attempt to 'answer your questions and then you give them some
more assignments. To me, it seems as if you knew which way you wanted to go before you
appointed the committee. And, if you knew which way you wanted to go before you appointed
the committee then you should have told us, this is what we are looking for and this is what we
are looking. A teacher gives you an assignment, they just don't go to the blackboard and you
say, you write on anything you want to write on. So, I am a person who don't like things that
come from the floor. If you want to run from an office, say you want to run for it in the
beginning. Don't wait until people get all stirred up and then you come in and throw something
in the middle of the whole situation and ask them to deal with it. We came up with the plan of
the 6-213 and we modified it to the 62-C and when we went out in the community, I was in
Miami High, basically a Hispanic community. I don't remember anybody of a Hispanic origin
making a presentation to us at that time. I went to the hearing at Miami Jackson, the same thing
occurred. I came to the public hearing here, the same thing occurred. So, then... And, I know
the Hispanic people fill this Chamber when they are totally interested in something. So, the only
representation I have heard from the Hispanic community has been with two Hispanic persons
on the Blue Ribbon Committee. And, each time they said, well, they are not going to vote for
this. Well, if you are on the committee and the majority rule, and the majority said this, that or
the other, then to me, you are supposed to go 'out and try to promote what that committee is
talking about. Otherwise, if you are not with the committee, then you ought to get off the
committee. That's just how I feel about it. And, I favor the plan that we presented, that the
expert said that we would have the least problem with and I still can't understand what the
problem is, other than in the 6-2C, Black people will get two seats and we never had two, never
even dreamed of two. But, if we can get two, certainly we want two. And, to think about
excluding the White people out of here, I don't understand that. I looked at the transition of
Hong Kong back to China and it seems as if they aren't going to have any problems if they go by
what they say. And, I take people at their word. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Frankie. Mr. Gibbs.
Mr. Tucker Gibbs: My name is Tucker Gibbs, I live at 2531 Swanson Avenue in Coconut
Grove. And, I spoke to the committee last week and I just have a couple of points because I
don't want to be repetitive. And, I want to focus on the issue of neighborhoods. That's what this
is all about. And, I don't see this as a Black and White or a Latin issue, it is a neighborhood
issue. It's about neighborhood integrity, it's about neighborhood for a lack of a better word,
neighborhood power. And, for that reason when you divide up the City into four, five, six,
seven, eight, how many districts, frankly the more districts that you have the better it is going to
be for the people in the neighborhoods. As long you preserve those neighborhoods. And, that's
a very important issue. I know it's on that one map that I see Flagami sort of divided up and
some maps of the roads; and in that one the roads are divided up. And, these are issues for those
neighborhoods that it's important. I think that, as I said, the larger the number of districts the
better it's going to be for the people of Miami because it gives us as a community the
opportunity to build coalitions, and I think that's what's missing in an at large system or a
52 July 1, 1997
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system of few districts. You don't have that opportunity to have coalition building within
districts and coalition building between districts and for that reason, I would definitely support a
seven district plan. I think it's a great idea, with an executive Mayor. The other issue I wanted
to bring up to you all was one of commitment. And, I think it's the most important issue. I don't
care what district you pick, what plan you pick as long as you are committed to it as a
Commission. And, I said this to the committee as well, the Blue Ribbon Committee. The last
thing that... The thing that's going to ruin this isn't going to be fact that it's going to be the fact
that it's seven districts or five districts or four districts or six districts. It's going to be, if people
who are leaders in this community, Black, Anglo and Hispanic do not get behind whatever
district plan that you all have. And, that means on the radio. It's one thing to sit here at the City
Commission or at the Blue Ribbon Commission and say, yeah, I am in favor of districts and then
go on the radio and say, well, I am not going to be in favor of this or I am not going to be in
favor of that. When you have your opportunity now to vote on this, once you all pick your
district plan I hope, and I know the people of Miami hope that you all are going to be just as loud
and vociferous in supporting that plan to the constituency that is yours in the City of Miami.
And, I think that, if you don't, it's going to kill it. And, I recommend the seven. Thank you.
[APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you. Yes.
Mr. Fred Joseph: Frank Joseph, president of the Grand Condo Association, member of the Blue
Ribbon panel which you selected. Mayor, Vice Mayor, Commissioners. We have done a lot of
time and effort. We put in a lot of anguishing hours of who is going to vote for which part. But,
I think there is two things that you might be overlooking which I made the statement at the close
of one of the evenings, I think it was about 10 o'clock at night. We are confusing the people if
we go out with a lot of plans now. Representative Bush says now, give them another plan. I
imagine if we do this for two more days we will have seven to ten plans. You have got to save
this City in the next -- what is it, twelve weeks? If we don't do that, we don't care what plan you
come up with. I think you have got to get some coalition to get this City back together.
Unfortunately, the plans that we have looked at probably will serve one entity in here against
another. Everybody likes to talk about the Anglo, but I don't see an Anglo. The lady just before
me, she was like myself. She was appalled by the fact that you were almost excluding the White
Anglo. And, that lady was Black African -American, I am assuming. So, I think you have got to
be looking at something. And, that is, these plans are wonderful but you better be saving the
City. Everybody I have talked to about the plans has said, they don't matter. If you don't get
this City back, you won't need a plan. Thank you.
Mayor Carollo: Thank you, Fred.
Mr. Clarence Williams: In regards to the saving of this City, right now I think, I don't know
what role you would expect African -Americans to play in saving a City that they are no part of.
I can't see it. When I look at this Commission, and I have been away from this City and this is
my adopted home and I love it dearly. I am saddened by. it, Mayor. And, the... some of the
divisive tones that have occurred here, we need to rid ourselves of that type of spirit if we are
going to progress and make this place a viable place for all of God's creatures to live, Thank
you.
Reverend Rudolph Daniels: Mr. Mayor and to the Commission and to everyone here. I am a
pastor in this City and has spent my life since 1941, you heard that earlier today. I love the City
of Miami and I am still making a contribution. We are working with the kids at the Church and
one of the greatest programs that I have had, and all of the retired teachers there at the church,
Ms. Wallace and those there working with the kids and they are going on field trips and it's just
a wonderful thing that's happening. I have just retired from the school system and I decided that
I am not finished yet. I see like old retired school teachers and others that have retired from
53 July 1, 1997
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other areas of work and there is dignity in all levels of work. Whether you are sweeping the
street or whatever. And, we are making our contribution to this City of Miami. Let's save this
beautiful City of ours. Wherever I travel all over the country, I say if you really want to go
where the retirees should go, is coming to where the palm trees are swinging in the breeze. And,
I say that proudly. And so, let's save the City of Miami but let's include all of the people. The
hate business, I never have been involved in hate business, I have been too busy working. I have
trained to work. And, if we pass this on to our children and love the people in the City of Miami,
but all of the people. I have taught Hispanic kids, I have thought the kids of Hispanic origin.
And, I don't get hang-ups. When they come into my room, my classroom, everybody was on an
equal basis and everybody was treated fairly. Everybody was treated fairly. And, that's the way
we should do. Let's not let the kids down. Hispanic kids, Black kids, White kids, whoever is in
this town. It's a multicultured, complexed situation. A lot of wonderful people here basically
from everywhere. So, we need to consider when you do this. Consider what is to the best
interest of all the people that live here. It seems like to me, that's very simple. I believe if you
go to six, seven, which includes all of the people and let equal representation, let it be that.
That's reality to me. The world of work is reality and my community is reality, the dirt on the
street and the debris... You look around, I see it cleaned in other communities, I would like it
cleaned in my community too. That's equal taxation with equal representation, that simple. We
encourage you to do that what is right. We want to encourage you... We pray. I pray all the
time, I am a praying person. I pray for my City, I pray for the Commissioners, I pray for
everyone here. And, we are the ones that's going to make this a safe place for our children to
reside. Let's do that. Thank you. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you.
Mr. Manolo Reyes: My name is Manolo Reyes. I live at 5301 Southwest 7th Street. As was
previously stated here, any plan, five, six, seven district plan has to go to the voters. And, by
looking at some of the plans, and I have been... a concern that I have before, is that any plan that
you present the voters, and I know this is not an easy task because there is not a perfect plan.
But, the integrity of the neighborhoods have to be respected. Because, if they are not respected,
voters are going to feel divided and they are going to go against any of those plans. So, I really
suggest that before you vote on a plan, you respect the integrity of the neighborhoods so that
people will be happy and will be happy to support a plan that they feel will represent them and
their neighbors. Thank you, very much. [APPLAUSE]
Mr. Herschel Haynes: Mr. Mayor and Commissioners. I have been here a number of times and I
have listened very attentive to everything that most people have had to say, especially the leaders
of the community. And, I think objectively the reason all of us are here and we could easily be
doing something else, is to hopefully see that you would come up with the best plan that would
give us representation for all the people which is what clearly the Constitution supports. And, I
think that, from what I have heard that it's either plan 6-C or the plan seven to give all the
citizens of the City of Miami a fair chance of fairly being represented. And, I am just hoping
that when all of you get together that you will come up with a plan that's going to be best
representing all the citizens of the City of Miami. And, I say that's either six or seven. Thank
you. [APPLAUSE]
Mr. A. Leon Worthy: Mr. Mayor, I spoke earlier in favor of 6-C. With the information that has
been presented I must amend that and say that I am also in favor of us considering plan seven.
One of the things that I want to say while I am here with all these leaders here, is something I
have advocated for many, many years, and that is that the leadership has a responsibility to
educate the public in situations like this. John Q. Public does not understand redistricting. I
didn't understand it until I got into seeing what this Commission was all about. The leaders of
the community, be they elected officials or be they church leaders, we have a responsibility to
the community to educate them in these kinds of situations so that they can make intelligent
54 July 1, 1997
decisions when these kinds of things come up. No matter what plan is agreed upon here today,
in order for the public to make an intelligent decision, the leadership I feel has a responsibility to
educate them. To explain to them exactly- what is going on and what is going to be... how they
are going to be better served by the City government. Thank you. [APPLAUSE]
Mr. Nathaniel Wilcox: I just... My name is.Nathaniel Wilcox, I live at 3111 Northwest 135th
Street. I would just like to say to the Commission today, I have heard a lot of comments made
about majority and as a student of history, my mind went back to our early days, African -
Americans earlier days of being here. And, history has taught us many lessons, and among those
lessons in dealing with the majority... The majority said that it was OK for people to own us.
And, the majority said that we, as African -Americans we were not human, slavery was OK.
And, that it was OK to purchase, to breathe and to sell us. That's what the majority said. The
majority also said that we could not own land. The majority also said that we could not attend
certain schools and churches, we could not own businesses. This is what the majority said. Also
the majority in many instances said that we could not drink from certain water fountains and we
could not play in certain parks because this is how the majority felt. And, also the majority said
that we had to ride in the back of the bus, we could ride in certain places on the train. Now, this
is what the majority said. And, we were relegated to the position of second class citizens. Now,
this is how the majority felt. And, here today as we come before you again, we have made
many, many... a great deal of progress through God's help. And, history again, should teach this
Commission a very important lesson. In Metro -Dade County, the majority felt that at large
districts, at large voting system was OK, that had to change. And, also the School Board. And,
here today the City of Miami is at the crossroads where a decision has to be made. And, we are
asking you to consider history. And, do not relegate us to second class citizens. And, a person is
not so much what they say they are, we are not listeningso much to what you are saying but we
are looking very diligently at your actions. So, we are saying that that Commission, not
relegating us to second class citizens, should endorse the 6-2 plan or the seven plan. Thank you.
[APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you. Anybody else from the public that will like to address the
Commission?
Ms. Winnie Tang: Hi, good afternoon, Mayor and Commissioners. And, this is my first time to
be in this hall and then to talk about this issue too. And, all this time I heard about, we talk about
and the presentation and all these...
Mayor Carollo: OK, first of all...
Ms. Tang: Oh.
Mayor Carollo:... welcome to this Commission meeting.
Ms. Tang: Thank, you.
Mayor Carollo: Second of all...
Ms. Tang: My name?
Mayor Carollo: ... we need your name and address for the record. Thank you.
Ms. Tang: OK, my name is Winnie Tang, and I live in 8401 Southwest 107th Avenue in the
West, the Kendall area. And, from what I heard and I think we need to... for the coalition and
then we would be six or seven, those will be the ones. The more Commissioners around there I
think it would help the committee more. And, as an Asian group, that we are a silent minority
55 - July 1, 1997
2
that we don't even count anywhere in the road map. So, in order for us also, having some
representation. That mean really to have some Commissioner also representing us and then
speak about the Asian issue and it... We are kind of growing, we are working very hard and
doesn't have much problems. So, a lot of people seeing us, less problems so they don't know
how to deal with us or work with us. And, that's why that we are starting learning about the
process and then to really also, would like to work with the community and then to see the
support. And, then also, basing on what I heard that we will be supporting like the six or seven
district. That's getting more representation, then we can get more our voices out to be worked
together as a community, as a unity to bring strength to the City. Thank you. [APPLAUSE]
Mayor Carollo: Thank you.
Ms. Dessie Bornes: Good evening, my name is Dessie Bornes. My address is 12210 Northwest
22nd Court. I am here today, because I am concerned about the steps that are being taken in this
situation. From what I could see, now if you come up with the seven plan, then you are going to
have to pay the experts more money. And, if you are concerned about the budget, I think it's
time that you listen to the public. And, most of all that you go along with your Blue Ribbon
I Committee and make some decision so the people won't have to keep running back, forward
trying to appease you or themselves. Now, with that in mind, as a member of Mt. Taber Baptist
Church in Liberty City, I worked .for HRS (Health and Rehabilitation Services), Jackson
Memorial Hospital and the School Board for 38 years. And, I am only 61 years old. I am not
working anymore. I have paid my taxes and I have paid my dues. I was not born in Miami, I
was born in Georgia, in the back fields of Georgia. But, I do know right from wrong. And, I
think it's time that you, Brother Mayor, Brother Commissioners, that you calm down and that
you realize that we are humans and that we deserve fair play in this situation. Regardless of
what happens, you are already in the majority. So, why continue waste money paying that
` expert over there, when either way you go, you are still in the majority? So, be compassionate,
be fair, love humanity and realize that we are only asking for a fair share in this situation and that
will only give us two Commissioners and you are going to have four or five, either way you take
it. So, let's do it fair. Thank you, very much, and let's go with plan 6-2, and let that man go
back where he came from and stop paying him all this money, OK? Thank you. [APPLAUSE]
I
Commissioner Plummer: We are going to give him a superiority complex.
Mayor Carollo: I understood we had a cap on what we were going to pay the gentleman. Yes.
Mr. Richard Chalman: Good afternoon. My name is Richard Chalman. My address is 1353
Northwest 29th Terrace. I should say that I must agree with Vice Mayor Tomas Regalado when
he said that he was talking about the lack of support of African -American to Hispanic or vice
versa, not mentioning the Anglo-American supporting Black -American. But, we should look at
the difference, historic differences that every community, and I... Instead of community, I
should say, just looking for freedom and opportunity, including myself, the one who came from
other countries. And, in consideration to the situation of our brother, our Afro-American brother
who'suffered discrimination, who were enslaved and helped to build this country without being
compensated yet. This has put a hardship on the African -American people and we can see it in
different ways. We can see it in lack of education. I don't mean the lack of opportunity. The
opportunity is in there, but the time that take to cure the trauma of being enslaved for so long and
so hard is in there. And, the forces supporting all of this are enforced. I want to move on and I
just want to mention that we need to unify forces, work together. It's wrong for us to be talking
about a community by race and this should be as the Constitution said, the number of people.
Mayor Carollo: Sir, thank you, but your time is up, sometime. I appreciate your comments.
Mr. Chalman: Thank you.
56 July 1, 1997
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Mayor Carollo: Anyone else who would like to address this Commission that hasn't done so
yet? Anyone else? OK, then the public hearing section of this meeting then will be closed. And
we will then go back to the Commission for deliberations.
Commissioner Plummer: Well, do you want to start over here?
Mayor Carollo: We could start over there.
Commissioner Plummer: Mr. Mayor, I guess my greatest concern that every time we meet we
are increased by two more. And, I am scared to meet again because we will be up to nine and
the longer this goes on the more problems we are going to have. Mr. Mayor, I have no problems
looking at the seven. I am concerned with dollars, of course. But, I have no problem of looking
at seven but I have to tell you today, that I am in favor of the five. I think the five gives good
representation and I have no problem with the five. I hope that, as we have heard previous
colleagues- and others that have spoken, I think it's most important that we have to worry that we
are going to survive to have any plan. Because, those that are out there trying to do see the
demise of this City are very organized and are working very hard. So, as far as this vote is
concerned, I have no problem looking at the seven, but at this point unless something develops to
show me something to the contrary, I am in favor of the five member plan. I think as far as the
Mayor is concerned, I think you have expressed and I think most of us have, the tendency would
be towards an executive Mayor. The comment was that it would be the same rules, the same
governing thing as would be with Dade County, and I would want the opportunity to read that
over between now, and I think we are meeting again on Thursday to see whether I concur with
the same facts as what prevails with Dade County executive Mayor.
Mayor Carollo: Commissioner Gort.
Commissioner Gort: Mr. Mayor, I would like to address several points that have been brought
out by speakers. Number one, I think this Commissioner here, has taken a task that we inherited,
that we had to work with it, and it has not been easy for this Commission to do so. At the same
time, I think this Commission here, I think everyone of us has been very responsive to the whole
community, even before we had representation here. And, I think that's important. And, I think
what made the difference in the representations and whatever plan we adopt, I think this
Committee and this Commission has got to make a commitment to maintain the NET
(Neighborhood Enhancement Team) system the way it is. Because, I think that's one of the
ways that we have improved the service in each of our communities. People being responsive,
being directed to the NETs and all of us assisting the NETS. Also, it's not who you are electing
to represent you, to make sure whoever sits here is going to look at the district but also is going
to look at the City as a whole because we have to. We cannot become very parochial, which is
something that happens with districts. And, this is something that we have to be very careful
with. We got to make sure that the person we elect is the person that can get along with all the
other districts and make sure that when we make a decision, it's a decision that's going to benefit
the whole City, not just any one district. Because whatever happens in any part of the City is
going to hurt everybody or it's going to benefit everybody. And, I think it's important to stress
that. Like J.L., I don't mind looking at the seven plan, looking at it, let's see what it looks like,
what will be the cost. And, I think the staff can work on that and let's look at it. I don't have
any problem with that. I think we can do the wording today, we can make a decision or we can
do the wording and leave in blank the amended precincts. And, we have to come back on
Thursday, anyway.
Mayor Carollo: Well, that's one thing that I would certainly recommend that we would go with
the wording today or the bulk of it and the City Attorney would advise us of that in just a few
minutes because time is of the essence. We have three additional days left and that's if all the
57 July 1, 1997
mt l
members of the Commission can meet on any of those days. Tomorrow, Wednesday, Thursday,
Friday is the 4th of July. So, we are not meeting on Friday. Then, we have Saturday, because
the last day is Sunday and we are not going to meet on the Sabbath. So, we have three possible
days left and this is why I said last week that any plans that the members of the Commission had,
any additional ideas to bring them forward because we won't going to wait until the end for
additional proposals to come up and then miss the deadline that we had of this Saturday, that's
the final day,' to get something on the ballot for voter approval on the fourth. The worst think
that this Commission could do is, not have any kind of plan whatsoever on the ballot on the
fourth for voter approval. We have said that we were going to do that, that we were going to
have a plan to submit to the voters on the fourth. And, that's why we have been running the
early meetings that we have had since it was one of the few times that all members of the
Commission could have come together. That's why we met on a Saturday also, at seven in the
morning. And, that's why we will have to find time to meet on Thursday and on Saturday if
need be to finalize this.
Commissioner Gort: Mr. Mayor, there is a point I would like to clarify also. And, this is a point
that Frankie Rolle brought up when I accepted the chairmanship of this Blue Ribbon Committee,
which I didn't know what I was doing. And, I think I made up for it. I can assure you, there is
no specific plan that was drawn by any one of us. At the same time, we sent notice to each one
of the Commissioners all of the meetings that were going to take place, of all the public hearings
and at no time did I, and I don't think any of you received any pressure from any one of the
Commissioners in any specific plan. And, what we have, the experts, and they have been very
helpful to us and have been able to come along, and we might not like them all. But, like they
say, there is not a perfect plan. There is no way that there will ever be a perfect plan. At least
they had drawn some lines and they had given some criterias and guidelines to go from. But, I
think it is very important to understand, there was no commitment, no plan before we started
this.
Mayor Carollo: Commissioner.
Commissioner Hernandez: Mr. Mayor and ladies and gentlemen. Before...
Commissioner Plummer: Hey.
Commissioner Hernandez: ... we lose a vote on the Commission...
Commissioner Plummer: We are down to four.
Commissioner Hernandez: Yeah. Before we lose perspective on what we are trying to
accomplish here and there has been a lot of comments made. And, we are trying to accomplish
equal representation. Just representation based on a one man, one vote theory. There has been
comments as to polarization, hate, division. I think, number one, and I think we must premise
these meetings on the fact that if there was hate, which there isn't on this Commission, if there is
polarization, which there isn't on this Commission. And, finally, if there is any type of division
on this Commission, which there is not, we would not be here today. We would have taken the
same, exact steps that Dade County government chose to take which was to fight this all the way
through the federal court system. We have decided to take the leadership role to fight for single
member districts, to make sure that every sector of this community has equal representation and
just representation. That's why we are here today, that's why we were here Saturday morning
and that's why there was a Blue Ribbon Committee. When you look at the Blue Ribbon
Committee it's very important to look at the breakdown of that Blue Ribbon Committee. No one
here has stated that that Blue Ribbon Committee is composed of 39 percent Hispanic
participation. When in fact, the Hispanic population is 62 percent. So, in fact, there is more than
just representation on the Blue Ribbon Committee. Every single plan that has been brought
58 July 1, 1997
Y.�
before this Commission has an African -American seat. That is why we are here, to make sure
that the African -American community has just representation. I have one vote, I have one
opinion. I have my plan that I have presented, similar to the plans that our expert has presented
to us. The bottom line is, strictly numbers, how you divide the piece of pie. My opinion is, five
districts is the way to go. You have seen my plan, it is a just plan, it is a fair plan. It is a saleable
plan to the voters of the City of Miami and finally, it is a defendable plan before federal judge.
Bottom line is, you have seen my position. Everyone is represented under a five district plan,
equally and just. And, I favor a five district plan. And, finally I can tell you that I will sit down
and entertain any other plan that you may come up with. But my feelings and how. I see
breaking down these districts, the most just and fair way is to go to a five district plan as
presented here in my plan. Thank you.
Mayor Carollo: Commissioner Regalado:
Vice Mayor Regalado: Mr. Mayor, members of the Commission, members of the public, TV
viewers. I hope that this is a trend. I hope that the will of the members of this Commission will
be followed by other areas, by other cities where minorities are also disenfranchised. For
instance, the City of Opa Locka with 30 percent of Hispanics does not have a Hispanic in the
board of Commissioner or Mayor. The City of Miami Beach does not have a Hispanic on the
Commission or the Mayor's seat. And, yet, Hispanics are more than 45 percent. So, I just hope
that with the same passion that community leaders are defending the need to have representation,
we all follow the trend and look for equality everywhere in South Florida. This Commission has
shown that it has a will to have districts. But, still, there are so many questions that we need
answers for. For instance, if we are going to mirror this Commission to Dade County, are we in
the Commission, the Commissioners going to have some executive powers as some of the
Commissioners in Dade County have so they can resolve different problems that their areas
have? What are the powers that the Mayor will have? The terms of the budget? And, what
services we need to take care from the Commission point of view so we can save budget in the
administration or in the staff of the City of Miami? Because, the only thing that we cannot do is
go to the people of Miami on September the 4th, and say to the people, look, we are very sorry
that we had to impose the fire fee which for you poor people and retired people is going to mean
twenty to twenty-five dollars ($25) more a month on the apartment that you rent in Liberty City,
Overtown, Little Havana, Flagami. We are really sorry, we will say to the merchants in
Southwest 8th Street, on 36th -Street, in Overtown, that we need to impose on you some
additional licenses because you know, the past administration was not very good at the numbers.
But, you know, we are sorry but we need because you got to proud of Miami, you got to be
proud of the City that you contribute to build, that you vote for the City of Miami. And, by the
way, while you are at it, just expand the City government to seven, nine, or why not 13? We
have 13 offices in the different NETs (Neighborhood Enhancement Teams) areas of the City of
Miami. And, we cannot tell the people of Miami just approve what we are thinking that is the
best to solve any problems or to not have any questions in the courts. I think that all the citizens
of Miami need to know that we are going to save the City to have a better City, to have a more
lean government. That if we were to expand this Commission by one person, well then we are
going to have to make cuts in the City government. Then, we are going to have to go out and see
our ourself within ourself what we can save to tell the people of Miami that we are not, just
because one community says that it needs how much representation they will say that we are
going to expand the government. So, Mr. Mayor if... I only need some answers for these
questions. My main question is, what can we offer the people of Miami other than we are being
fair with the Afro-American community? We have to offer more. We have to offer a
government that works, a government that is willing to cut the budget that if we are going to add
two more Commissioners we cannot come up with those figures that it cost us six hundred
thousand dollars. Where are going to get that, another fire fee? So, Mr. Mayor, I am ready to
take a decision whenever you and this Commission feel... But, I think that we need to hear some
more answers in terms of what can we tell the people of Miami because once that we approve a
59 July 1, 1997
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plan, indeed, we have to go out and defend that plan before the voters of Miami. And, to the
good people of PULSE, I hope that you work together with the Hispanic community in Opa
Locka, the Hispanic community in Miami Beach, so we can have more districts and legal
problems in the court.
Mayor Carollo: I think Dawn is volunteering.
Unidentified Speaker: Let me finish one at a time.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. SCHEDULE SPECIAL COMMISSION MEETING FOR JULY 3, 1997 AT
7:A.M. -- FURTHER INSTRUCTING DEMOGRAPHIC CONSULTANTS TO
PREPARE 7-MEMBER DISTRICT PROPOSAL.
Mayor Carollo: She says, let her finish one at a time. All of the members of the Commission
have spoken and I am hearing more or less a consensus for one number of districts. I think that
this Commission has to go right to the essence of what decision we want to make. If there is
truly no consensus here for a seven or for a six, then I think we need to bring this to a head and
say exactly what we are in favor of, take a vote on it. If there is a possibility that's realistical
that this Commission wants to go to seven district, then that's one thing that we could try to get
them to come back with that on Thursday, if they can. But, again, time is of the essence. We
now have an additional constraint, which is time. And, the longer that we wait, if we are not at
the end, I am really going to consider an additional plan, the more of a chance that we are
running into that we are not going to get this on time for the September 4th ballot. We have, the
latest that we can get everything setup, approved, ready to go is on Saturday. So, if a majority of
the Commissioners want to see the seven, I will entertain a motion for us to meet again on
Thursday.
Commissioner Plummer: I so move.
Commissioner Hernandez: Second.
Commissioner Plummer: I don't think we have anything to lose by looking at it. We are going
to be back on Thursday morning at 6:30 to seven in the morning.
Commissioner Gort: J.L., come on.
Mayor Carollo: Well...
Vice Mayor Regalado: Five. Five.
Commissioner Plummer: Five?
Mayor Carollo: What is the time that we could all meet on Thursday that is reasonable?
Commissioner Plummer: Mr. Mayor, I...
Vice Mayor Regalado: How about six o'clock, Mr. Mayor?
Commissioner Hernandez: In the morning?
.1
July 1, 1997
Vice Mayor Regalado: I mean, 6:00 p.m.
Commissioner Hernandez: Oh.
Mayor Carollo: I am glad that you clarified that.
Commissioner Plummer: Boy, have we got a lot of lazy devils.
Mayor Carollo: But, frankly, the 6:00 p.m. concerns me more now than the 6:00 a.m. because
the 6:00 p.m. is pretty late in the day and we might need more time, especially when the next day
is the fourth of July. So, we need to meet at a reasonable time that hopefully is not 7:00 a.m.
Commissioner Plummer: Why is...?
Mayor Carollo: ... but it's some time later on in the morning that would be reasonable.
Commissioner Plummer: Why is seven unreasonable? Why is seven unreasonable?
Mayor Carollo: Well.
Commissioner Plummer: I don't understand. All of us have got...
Mayor Carollo: The undertaker is asking why 7:00 a.m., is unreasonable.
Commissioner Plummer: No, I mean all of us have jobs to do and work to do, and if we are here
hopefully by seven we can be out by nine and go to our respective offices and put in a day's
work.
Commissioner Hernandez: Yeah.
Mayor Carollo: Well, I am willing to meet at anytime on Thursday...
Commissioner Plummer: My vote is 7:00 a.m.
Commissioner Hernandez: I second seven.
Mayor Carollo: ... that the majority of the members of the Commission can meet.
Commissioner Hernandez: Mr. Mayor, seven in the morning and I second the motion to study
the seven district plan and entertain that.
Mayor Carollo: Now, there is motion to meet at 7:00 a.m. on Thursday and to have a plan for
seven districts drawn and brought to us. Now, can you accomplish that in time? I believe you
can.
Dr. Lichtman: I cannot be here on Thursday or Friday or Saturday.
Commissioner Plummer: Well, according to Frankie or the other lady, they don't need you. To
hell with you, you know.
Dr. Lichtman: All right. Well, you know, so you will get (inaudible comments) without...
Maybe, Dr. Wilson could be here, I don't know. I can't...
Mayor Carollo: Can we talk to you by phone, if need be?
61 July 1, 1997
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.•..cl '.
Dr. Lichtman: You can talk to me on the phone Thursday morning, absolutely. But, I can't he
here...
Mayor Carollo: OK, where you are from, is it the same 7:00 a.m., for us as for you?
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah. Washington, D.C. Still on eastern time.
Mayor Carollo: OK, yes. Eastern time, all right.
Dr. Lichtman: But, I can't promise you that we can produce a plan without first speaking to Dr.
Wilson because he actually draws the lines.
Commissioner Hernandez: All right.
Dr. Lichtman: We can do our best but...
Mayor Carollo: But, can you do your very, very best effort, because that is definitely the last
time that we are going to be able to consider an additional plan?
Dr. Lichtman: Here is what I can promise. I can promise we will do our absolute best... And, as
long as Dr. Wilson is around and not off on vacation, we can do it, and I can be available all
morning by telephone to speak with this Commission. I just can't he here. I don't think, in
person.
Mayor Carollo: Then, that's sufficient.
Commissioner Plummer: Yeah, that will do it.
Mayor Carollo: Plus we save on an airplane ticket.
Dr. Lichtman: That's correct.
Commissioner Plummer: Mr. Mayor, included in that, because I have stated from day one, in
that motion and I think it has been the concurrence, you spoke strongly on it, that whatever plan
comes forth, must show staggered terms. And, that would be incorporated in the motion.
Mayor Carollo: I agree with that and I .think that's one of the things that we included as a must.
This is the... you know, we are talking about doing what's fair. That' also the fair thing to do.
We have two members of this Commission that would have two years left after November, that
the people of this City elected and I think it's fair to have staggered terms that would include
their seats. In fact, I would think it's right down unfair if we will not do that.
Commissioner Plummer: Mr. Mayor, the only thing in... well, I am not speaking to the motion.
There was a second, so we are in discussion.
Mayor Carollo: Sure.
Commissioner Plummer: But, you know, the only thing I really see going beyond six or more
that I very much favor in Dade County and there is not much there that I favor, is the fact that we
could go to committees. And, I think that, I like the idea. It's like the legislature, they have
committees, different committees that have the opportunity to look into different aspects of
government and the projects that you are working on. But, there is no reason you can't do that
with less. And...
62 July 1, 1997
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Mayor Carollo: But, you know we can do that internally, though. I believe in the Dade County
Charter, that's not part of their Charter or their code. Correct, Mr. City Attorney?
Commissioner Plummer: Well, it's one thing to look into it, it's another thing to have a
committee meeting in which you have the opportunity to force people to come before your
committee to testify.
Mayor Carollo: I think that would he healthy to get into committees. In fact, it would help this
Commission, I think get through meetings quicker...
Commissioner Plummer: Absolutely.
Mayor Carollo: ... and deal with the items that we will be discussing and voting upon in a much
more orderly and intelligent manner.
Commissioner Plummer: Agreed.
Commissioner Hernandez: Mr. Mayor, as a point of clarification, when we speak of staggered
terms, what we are saying in fact is that Commissioner Plummer and Vice Mayor Regalado
would not have to run if we go to a district plan in November?
Mayor Carollo: That's correct.
Commissioner Hernandez: OK. Unlike the situation that happened in the County where
everybody ran and then some people ran for two years...
Commissioner Plummer: Some for four.
Commissioner Hernandez: ... while the other ones ran for four years in order to continue the
staggered term.
Mayor Carollo: That's correct.
Commissioner Hernandez: OK.
Commissioner Plummer: You know, I think what we are looking at right now, and I'll give you
my straw vote as of today. It doesn't mean that I won't change my mind Thursday, is the
Hernandez plan, is what I am in favor of, as of today.
Mayor Carollo: Excuse me?
Commissioner Plummer: Seven might... Seven.
Mayor Carollo: I didn't hear you.
Commissioner Plummer: As of today...
Mayor Carollo: Yeah.
Commissioner Plummer: ... if my vote was predicated today, it would be the Hernandez plan. It
doesn't mean I can't look at the seven and will look at the seven. But, I think today, that that's
the one that I have seen that offers the best.
63 July 1, 1997
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Mayor Carollo: OK, the five districts that he has up there?
Commissioner Plummer: That's correct, sir. Yeah.
Mayor Carollo: That's fine. Well, you have under five you have three that needs to be looked
! at. Three that we have to look at and decide on the plans. Some have somethings more positive
J than others but they are all workable plans for a five district.
Dr. Lichtman: There is no perfect plan.
` Mayor Carollo: No, there ig no perfect plan. That's correct. Is there any further discussion on
the motion that we have before us? Hearing none, all in favor signify by saying !'aye."
The Commission (Collectively): Aye.
IThe following motion was introduced by Commissioner Plummer, who moved its adoption:
MOTION NO. 97-443
A MOTION SCHEDULING A SPECIAL COMMISSION MEETING ON
THURSDAY, JULY 3, 1997 AT 7 A.M. TO STUDY AND REVIEW PLANS FOR
DISTRICT ELECTIONS FOR THE CITY OF MIAMI; FURTHER INSTRUCTING
THE DEMOGRAPHIC CONSULTANTS (NAMELY, DOCTORS RUDOLPH
WILSON AND ALLAN LICHTMAN) TO DRAW A SEVEN DISTRICT PLAN AND
ALSO HAVE THE ABOVE CITED CONSULTANTS AVAILABLE BY PHONE
DURING COMMISSION DELIBERATIONS ON SAID PLANS JULY 3RD IN THE
MORNING; FURTHER STATING THAT THE COMMISSION IS IN FAVOR OF
STAGGERING TERMS OF THE COMMISSION AS PROPOSED BY DISTRICTS.
Upon being seconded by Commissioner Hernandez, the motion was passed and adopted
by the following vote:
AYES: Commissioner J.L. Plummer, Jr.
Commissioner Wifredo Gort
Commissioner Humberto Hernandez
Vice Mayor Tomas Regalado
Mayor Joe Carollo
NAYS: None.
ABSENT: None.
64 July 1, 1997
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3. DIRECT CITY ATTORNEY TO PREPARE CHARTER AMENDMENT
BALLOT QUESTION FOR DISTRICT ELECTIONS AND EXECUTIVE
MAYOR -- PROVIDE CITY COMMISSION WITH REPORT OUTLINING
RESPONSIBILITIES OF DADE COUNTY'S EXECUTIVE MAYOR --
DRAFT STRONG MAYOR DOCUMENTS USING DADE COUNTY AS
MODEL -- DRAFT CONCISE BALLOT QUESTION.
Mayor Carollo: Now, Mr. City Attorney, we need for you to draft wording for the ordinance that
we will be needing for district election and for executive Mayor. At the same time, I would like
for you to have, hopefully before the end of the day, if not by tomorrow morning, copies to the
members of the Commission, of everything that the executive Mayor is responsible for in Dade
County government. Go into a wording exactly, in a system exactly as Dade County
government has for an executive Mayor. I. think it's the most workable, easiest way to go. And,
it's also a system that was voted upon by a majority of City of Miami voters when they voted for
that system for Dade County. So, it's a system that the voters already had approved once, they
are familiar with and it certainly seems to be working in Dade County now. So, if you can
provide the members of the Commission with that information, that should be easy for you to get
and have to them before the end of the day. If not, by the latest, tomorrow morning.
Commissioner Plummer: Question.
Mr. A. Quinn Jones, III, Esq. (City Attorney): Now, do you want a plan that's drafted? I mean,
again, you know, in drafting the language I can do it in blank and perhaps...?
Mayor Carollo: Exactly. Have it drafted blank.
Mr. Jones: OK.
Mayor Carollo: And, I think, as you stated, you should be as inclusive and as clear as you can in
the language.
Mr. Jones: Uh-huh. OK.
Mayor Carollo: We don't want something that is very flimsy...
Commissioner Plummer: Yes means no.
Mayor Carollo:... that someone could try to challenge later on...
Commissioner Plummer: Yes means no.
Mayor Carollo: ... based upon the wording that we used.
Commissioner Plummer: Let me ask a question. Would that be two separate questions or one
question?
Mr. Jones: Well, I think it's going to be a... Well, let me put it this way, Commissioner. Let me
look at it. I can only tell you that what I envision as I have told you before, given the fact that
you want to have an executive Mayor with certain powers, whatever, it's going to be more than
one question. It can't all be put in one question.
65 July 1, 1997
p
Commissioner Plummer: Well, then, I have to ask another question. If you have one for
districting and one for yes or no on executive Mayor, and the executive Mayor portion is turned
i
down, that throws out your districting plan.
Mayor Carollo: Well, I think that's...
Commissioner Plummer: No, I just...
Mayor Carollo: ... one of the things we might need to consider and...
Commissioner Plummer: Well, are you saying then that...?
Mayor Carollo: ... if they are tied in one to the other. But...
Commissioner Plummer: You got to tie it.
Mayor Carollo: Well...
i Y
Commissioner Plummer: If not, you will be forced to go to another election. Unless, you are
saying...
Mayor Carollo: Yeah. Yeah.
Commissioner Plummer: ... that the Mayor that we know today...
-Mr. Jones: Well, what we could do is...
Commissioner Plummer: would be a Commissioner running for a district.
Mayor Carollo: We could sell it as a package even though they might have to be separate
questions. It could be sold as a package that both will only pass if they are both approved by the
voters.
Mr. Jones: Uh-huh.
Commissioner Gort: Mr. Mayor, I am not an attorney but I think you can put the questions
where the districts... have the districts, whatever the districts, and the Mayor -at -large.
Mr. Jones: Uh-huh.
Commissioner Gort: Then the other question is the part with the Mayor.
Mr. Jones: Yeah, what I am saying, I am looking at it in terms of word limitations. Keep in
mind that there is a 75 word limitation.
Commissioner Gort: Right.
Mr. Jones: So, depending on how detailed, how informed you want the electorate to be will
depend on whether it's going to be one or more questions.
Mayor Carollo: Uh-huh.
Mr. Jones: That's all I am saying. If you want me to try to keep it one or two, whatever, I will
do the best I can. But, let me...
66 July 1, 1997
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Mayor Carollo: Well, you know, I think a lot depends on what the law says.
Mr. Jones: Yeah.
Mayor Carollo: You are going to have to come back to us on that.
Mr. Jones: But, you know, I do need...
Mayor Carollo: If it has to be in two questions...
Commissioner Plummer: As far as I am concerned, it should not be any more than two.
Mr. Jones: Yeah.
Mayor Carollo: No, of course not.
Mr. Jones: Yeah. But, you know, you want... You had also indicated you wanted to deal with
the staggered terms. I don't know that that needs to be... I don't know that that really needs to
be part of the Charter amendment. But...
Commissioner Plummer: Then, if it's not, l will vote...
Mr. Jones: Well, it may very well... It may very well because of the way that you... The present
Charter provisions relating to elections, now it's going to have to be amended. So, I think
initially, without having looked at it again, that that's going to have to be formulated as part of
the question as well.
Commissioner Plummer: Inaudible now.
Mayor Carollo: Well, you got until Thursday to be absolutely sure in what we have to do, Mr.
City Attorney.
Mr. Jones: Yeah.
Commissioner Plummer: Excuse me. We operate today on staggered terms.
Mr. Jones: But, what I am saying to you, there are certain provisions in terms of how the
districts are going to be set up, that they are going to have to be amended. That's all I am saying.
Commissioner Plummer: Oh, oh, absolutely. That's what we are all about right now.
Mr. Jones: Yeah.
Mayor Carollo: Now, last but not least. The wording on either the one or two questions that we
will be dealing with. It should be in a very clear, precise way. We don't want any yes means no,
no means yes. I mean, we want it clear so that everybody could understand what they are voting
for. Secondly, it should be written in such a way that if you want districts, if you want executive
Mayor, you are voting, yes. Just, like the question that we are going to have in the ballot that
you are voting yes, for the City of Miami.
Mr. Jones: OK, understood. But, before you go, you need by Charter, you need to pass a
resolution directing preparation of the Charter amendment.
67 July 1, 1997
Mayor Carollo: OK, is there a motion?
Commissioner Gort: Move it.
Mayor Carollo: There is a motion by Commissioner Gort.
Vice Mayor Regalado: Second.
Mayor Carollo: Second by Vice Mayor Regalado. All in favor signify by saying "aye."
i The Commission (Collectively): Aye.
Mayor Carollo: There are no "nays." It passed unanimously.
J' The following resolution was introduced by Commissioner Gort, who moved its adoption:
RESOLUTION NO. 97-444
A RESOLUTION DIRECTING THE CITY ATTORNEY TO PREPARE AN
AMENDMENT(S) TO THE CHARTER OF THE CITY OF MIAMI FOR A SPECIAL
MUNICIPAL ELECTION TO BE HELD ON THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1997, TO
! PROVIDE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NONVOTING EXECUTIVE MAYOR
AND SINGLE MEMBER DISTRICTS IN THE CITY OF MIAMI AND
PROCEDURES FOR ELECTION OF COMMISSIONERS TO REPRESENT SAID
DISTRICTS.
(Here follows body of resolution, omitted here and on file in the Office of the City
Clerk.)
Upon being seconded by Vice Mayor Regalado, the resolution was passed and adopted
by the following vote:
AYES: Commissioner J.L. Plummer, Jr.
Commissioner Wifredo Gort
Commissioner Humberto Hernandez
Vice Mayor Tomas Regalado
Mayor Joe Carollo
NAYS: None.
ABSENT: None.
Mayor Carollo: Is there any further business that we need to...
Commissioner Plummer: Yes, a major problems. For two mornings, I have brought the bagels
and cream cheese. It's somebody else's term on Thursday.
Mayor Carollo: Well, you haven't told me about that, so...
Dr. Lichtman: Mr. Mayor?
Mayor Carollo: Well, I am going to get one right now, it will be my breakfast.
Commissioner Plummer: Well, you got it.
68 July 1, 1997
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iDr. Lichtman: One final thing, in terms of my advice. One last thing, it's very brief.
Mayor Carollo: One last thing that we need.
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah, if you have on the ballot a district with an odd number of seats, that in
effect creates an executive Mayor because otherwise if you had a Mayor with the existing
powers you would have an even number of votes on the Commission.
IMayor Carollo: That's correct. Keep that in mind when you draft that.
Dr. Lichtman: Yeah, yeah, yeah.
THERE BEING NO FURTHER BUSINESS TO COME BEFORE THE CITY
COMMISSION, THE MEETING WAS ADJOURNED AT 1:49 P.M.
JOE CAROLLO
MAYOR
ATTEST:
Walter J. Foeman
CITY CLERK
Maria J. Argudin
ASSISTANT CITY CLERK
op
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69 July 1, 1997