HomeMy WebLinkAboutR-98-0438J-98-511
4/28/98
RESOLUTION NO. — 438
A RESOLUTION STRONGLY URGING THE GOVERNMENT
OF THE UNITED STATES TO FIND A SOLUTION AND
PROVIDE IMMEDIATE RELIEF FOR THE UNJUST
IMMIGRATION PRACTICES AS IT PERTAINS TO THE
HONDURAN PARENTS OF UNITED STATES CITIZENS;
DIRECTING THE CITY CLERK TO IMMEDIATELY
TRANSMIT A COPY OF THIS RESOLUTION TO THE
HEREIN DESIGNATED OFFICIALS.
WHEREAS, during the last decade, the United States sought an
ally in which to set up military bases and intelligence
operations in support of many of the countries in Central America
in their struggle against cgmmunist backed insurrections; and
WHEREAS, the country of Honduras aided the United States and
permitted Honduras to become a mass complex of United States
military bases; and
WHEREAS, thousands of Honduran citizens were forced to flee
their country in order to save themselves from physical harm and
untold damages when those in opposition to the United States'
policy entered Honduras; and
WHEREAS, as a result, South Florida became a refuge for
thousands of said Hondurans - a large percentage of whom reside
in the City of Miami - who have established new lives by becoming
CS'Y CO,MSSION
MEE?ING OF
APR 2 8 1998
Reolutum Pic. �ry
w .3 8
hardworking, taxpaying, law abiding residents, and have given
birth and raised their children in the United States; and
WHEREAS, these children, by virtue of the Fourteenth
Amendment to the Constitution, are citizens of the United States;
and
WHEREAS, a recently passed immigration bill known as NACARA,
which was passed to help victims of Communism in Central America,
somehow excluded relief for the exiled Honduran Community and
took away certain forms of relief from deportation/removal that
had been available to the parents of United States citizen
children; and
WHEREAS, the implementation of immigration laws as it
applies to the parents of Honduran decent United States citizens,
will cause certain United States citizens who are minor children
to suffer extreme and unusual hardship resulting from the
deportation of their parents and the separation of a family unit,
and will violate said children's citizenship rights under the
Constitution of the United States; and
WHEREAS, the Miami City Commission strongly urges the
government of the United States to find an immediate solution to
the unjust immigration practices as it pertains to the Honduran
parents of United States citizens;
- 2 - 98- 438
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE CITY
OF MIAMI, FLORIDA:
Section 1. The recitals and findings contained in the
Preamble to this Resolution are hereby adopted by reference
thereto and incorporated herein as if fully set forth in this
Section.
Section 2. The Miami City Commission hereby strongly
urges the government of the United States to find an immediate
solution and provide relief to the unjust immigration practices
as it pertains to the Honduran parents of United States citizens.
Section 3. The City Clerk is hereby directed to
immediately transmit a copy of the herein Resolution to President
William J. Clinton, Vice-President/Senate President Albert Gore,
Jr., Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, United States Senators
Connie Mack and Bob Graham, all the Florida members of the United
States House of Representatives, Commissioner of the Immigration
and Naturalization Service, Doris Meissner, Attorney General
Janet Reno, and Robert Wallis, District Director of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service in Miami, Florida.
Section 4. This Resolution shall become effective
immediately upon its adoption.
- 3 -
98-- 438
PASSED AND ADOPTED this
ATTEST:
WALTER J. FOEMAN
CITY CLERK
APPROVED'AS
548:BSS
28th day of April , 1998.
CORRECTNESS:
JOE CAROLLO, MAYOR
In accordance with Miami Code Sec. 2-36, since the Mayor did not indicate approve! of
this legislation by signing it in the designated place provided, said legisiatior: now
becomes effective with the elapse of ten (10) ys from the date of Co issicn action
regarding same, without the Mayor ex rWa veto.,,--.,, , -7 ,
W he Joeman. City Clerk
4 -
98- 438
Litia of 'ffltanT.
WALTER 1. FOEMAN
City Clerk
June 15, 1998
TO: William J. Clinton, President of the United States
Albert Gore, Jr., Vice -President of the United States
Newt Gingrich, Speaker of the House
Connie Mack and Bob Graham, United States Senators
Florida members of the United States House of Representatives
)OSE GARCIA-PEDROSA
City Manager
Doris Meissner, Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
Janet Reno, Attorney General of the United States
Robert Wallis, District Director of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
(Miami, Florida)
FR : Walter J. Foe i Clerk
The City of Miami Commission, at its meeting of April 28, 1998, passed and adopted
Resolution No. 98-438, which strongly urges the government of the United States to find
an immediate solution to the unjust immigration practices as it pertains to the Honduran
parents of United States citizens. The City Clerk has been directed by the Miami City
Commission to transmit said instrument to you.
OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK/ 3500 Pan American Drive/P.O. Box 330708/Miami, FL 33233/(305) 250-5360/FAX: (305) 858-1610
CITY OF MIAMI, FLORIDA
INTER -OFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO. The Honorable � or and Members
of the GKZoAn ssion
FROM
Wifr0o (Willy) Gort
Commissioner
DATE April 28, 1998
SUBJECT Pocket Item
REFERENCES.
ENCLOSURES:
FILE :
I would like to bring up as a pocket item on the April 28, 1998, Commission Meeting,
creating a resolution supporting a solution to the unjust immigration status of the
Honduran Community residing in the United States and particularly in the City of
Miami.
Thank you for your cooperation.
WG/kk
DATA/HOND-Pt
cc: Jose Garcia -Pedrosa, City Manager
Alex Vilarello, City Attorney
Walter Foeman, City Clerk
98-- 438
U.S. Department of Jus tce
Immigration and Naturalization Service
425 I Street NW
Washington, DC 20536
1808
Walter J. Foeman
City Clerk
Office of the City Clerk
3500 Pan American Way
P.O. Box 330708
Miami, Florida 33233
Dear Mr. Foeman:
This is in response to your June 15 submission to the Commissioner of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) of Resolution No. 98-438. The resolution, j
passed by the City of Miami Commission, urges the United States government to find a
solution to what the Commission deems unfair immigration practices in relation to
Honduran nationals who are the parents of United States citizen children.
It is the policy of the INS to review each case, on a case by case basis, of any
individual who has been forced to seek the protection of the United States because of
oppression, human rights abuses, and civil strife at home. Please be assured that these
cases are afforded every consideration commensurate with current laws and regulations.
The INS is committed to working with Congress, should Congress implement any law
specifically for the benefit of Honduran nationals.
If you have any further concerns regarding this or any other matter, please do not
ltcsitate to contact this office.
Sincerely,
')j -VIY
Richard K. Rogers
Acting Associate Commissioner
Office of Field Operations
LINCOLN DIAZ-BALART
21ST DISTRICT, FLORIDA�
COMMITTEE ON
\
RULES
VICE CHAIRMAN,
SUBCOMMITTEE ON
RULES AND ORGANIZATION
OF THE HOUSE
COMMITTEE ON Congrezz of the Uniteb Otateg
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
(SENIORITY RETAINED) �ouze of Repreantattbo
wd5bington, De 20515—u09z21
July 6, 1998
Mr. Walter J. Foeman
City Clerk
City of Miami
3500 Pan American Drive
P.O. Box 330708
Miami, Floriva 332133
Dear Mr. Foeman:
PLEASE REPLY TO:
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
❑ 404 CANNON HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON,DC 20515-0821
(202)225-4211
DISTRICT OFFICE:
❑ 8525 N.W.53RD TERRACE
SUITE 102
MIAMI, FL 33166
(305)470-8555
Thank you for forwarding me a copy of City of Miami
Resolution No. 98-438, urging the U.S. government to find an
immediate solution to unjust immigration practices toward
Honduran nationals who have children born in this country. I
appreciate hearing from you and share your concern.
I will be sure to keep the City's views very much in mind
should any related legislation come before me in the Rules
Committee or on the floor of the House of �,epresentatives.
Again, thank you for your bri
attention.
LDB:lcc
Co
Li
resolution to my
Balart
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
JOSE LAGOS, as Guardian ad Litem)
and Best Friend of )
Class Plaintiffs )
9746 S.W. 24TH Street )
Miami, Florida 33165, )
BURIJ MUCHNIK, as Guardian ad )
Litem and Best Friend of )
Class Plaintiffs )
9746 S.W. 24TH Street, )
Miami, Florida 33165, )
193 John and Jane Does )
as follows: )
98- 0220'
CIV-NESB1
MKISTRATE JUDGE
`" JOHNSON
J. A. Doe l.; S. A. Doe 2.; C. A. Doe 3.; P. A Doe 4.; L.D.P.A. Doe
5.; Y.Y.A. Doe 6.; R.N.A. Doe 7.; C.A Doe 8.; G.S.A. Doe 8.; K.A.A.
Doe 9; M.A.A. Doe 10; A.J.A. Doe 11; G.A. Doe 12.; M.N.G.A. Doe 13;
A.A.B. Doe 14; R.A.B. Doe 15; J.L.B. Doe 16; S.M.B. Doe 17; D.B.
Doe 18; R.E.B. Doe 19; R.E.B. Doe 20; V.M.B. Doe 21;K.K.V. Doe 22;
A.S.G.B. Doe 23; I.C.C. Doe 24; J.A.C. JR. Doe 25; A.V.C. Doe 26;
C.M.C. Doe 27; N.E.B.C. Doe 28; ;S.V.C. Doe 29; J.J.C. Doe 30;
C.E.0 Doe 31; D.M.C. Doe 32; M.C. Doe 33; J.C. Doe 34; A.A.C. Doe
35; B.A.C. Doe 36; E.C. Doe 37; E.M.C. Doe 38; J.C. Doe 39; J.C.
Doe 40; V.G.C. Doe 41; A.B.C. Doe 42; C.A.C. Doe 43; J.A.C. Doe 44;
K.J.C.D Doe 45; E.G.D. Doe 46;M.D. Doe 47; S.D. Doe 48; A.J.D. Doe
49; R.D. Doe 50; A.D.E. Doe 48;G.C.E. Doe 49; G.J.E. Doe 50; J.A.E.
Doe 51; J.J.F. Doe 52 ;S.M.F. Doe 53; J.A.R. Doe 54; J.L.C.F. Doe
55; V.R.C.F Doe 56; Y.G.Doe 57; E.S.G. Doe 58; A.J.G. Doe 59;
M.J.G. Doe 60; J.G. Doe 61; J.A.G. Doe 62; K.E.G. Doe 63; K.G.Doe
64; A.D.G. Doe 64; C.G.G. Doe 65; C.A.G. Doe 66; C.J.G. Doe 67;
S.B.H. Doe 68; C.J.H Doe 69; C.J.H. Doe 70; G.I-H Doe 71; H.R.H.
Doe 72; J.P.H. Doe 73; M.E.H. Doe 74; M.H. Doe 75; N.H. Doe 76;
J.H. Doe 77; J.H. Doe.78; J.H. Doe 79; J.C.H. Doe 80; K.L.H. Doe
81; F.A.J. Doe 82;J.A.J. Doe 83; I.E.J. Doe 84; D.M.J. Doe 85;
M.J.L. Doe 86; C.R.O.L. Doe 87; J.O.L. Doe 88; J.X.L. Doe 89;
O.L. Jr. Doe 90; N.J.L. Doe 91; E.R.L. Doe 92; N.Y.C.L. Doe 93;
E.M.M. Doe 94; R.S.M. Doe 95; S.L.G.M. Doe 96; A.M.M. Doe 97;
E.Y.M. Doe 98; E.M. Doe 99; J.C.M. Doe 100; L.M. Doe 101; M.M. Doe
102; Y.S.M. Doe 103; D.M. Doe 104; D.Y.M. Doe 105; F.M.E.M.M. Doe
106; M.L.M. Doe 107; A.M. Doe 108; N.V.M. Doe 109; S.M. Doe 110;
S.M. Doe 111; B.M. Doe 112; E.M. 113; E.P.M. Doe 113; . R.P.M. Doe
114; A.M. Doe 115; B.M. Doe 116; A.J.M. Doe 117; W.M. Doe 118;
A.E.M. Doe 119; M.M.M. Doe 120; E.F.N. Doe 121; A.R.V.O. Doe 122;
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98- 438
R.Y.O. Doe 123; R.Y.O. Doe 124; G.E.O. Doe 125; J.D.O. Doe 126;
J.M.O. Doe 127; _,I.Z.O. Doe 128; O.J.O. Doe 129; Y.S.O. Doe 130;
C.O. Doe 131; K.A.P. Doe 132; M.M.P. Doe 133; V.D.P. Doe 134;
G.J.P. Doe 135; G:Y.P. Doe 136; B.R.P. Doe 137; C.P.Doe 138; L.P.
Doe 139; C.J.P. Doe 140; H.J.P. Doe 141; J.S.P Doe 142; O.G.P. Doe
143; E.R.P. Doe 144; E.I.P. Doe 145; E.I.P. Doe 146; J.J.R. Doe
147; D.G.R. Doe 148; R.R. Doe 149; S.R. Doe 150; B.R.Doe 151;
K.J.M.R. Doe 152; R.M.M.R. Doe 153; W.M.M.R. Doe 154; R.N.T.R. Doe
155; C.R.T.R. Doe 156; J.Y.R. Doe 157; D.P.R. Doe 158; F.E.R. Doe
159; C.F.R. Doe 160; ^.Y.R. Doe 161; O.A.A.R. Doe 162; Y.A.R. Doe
163; C.R. Doe 164; M.R. Doe 165; A.R.R. Doe 166; E.A.R. Doe
167;M.L.R. Doe 168; S.R.R. Doe 169; O.S. Doe 170; D.J.S. Doe 171;
M.N.S. Doe 172; A.G.S. Doe 173; K.Y.S. Doe 174; A.J.S. Doe 175;
J.T. Doe 176; B.T. Doe 177; N.T. Doe 178;J.T. Doe 179; C.O.T. Doe
180; J.A.0 Doe 181; K.A.U. Doe 182; A.V. Doe 183; L.D.V. Doe 184;
L.D.V. Doe 185; M.N.V. doe 186; D.N.V. Doe 187; C.M.F.W. Doe 188;
B.A.Z. Doe 189; E.E.Z. Doe 190; E.E.Z. Doe 191; E.A.Z. Doe 192;
F.Z. JR Doe 193; L.Z. Doe 194; L.Z. Doe 195; J.Z. Doe 196.
individually and on behalf of
all other persons similarly
situated,
Plaintiffs,
V.
PRESIDENT WILLIAM J. CLINTON
1600 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.
Washington, D.C.
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION
SERVICE
425 Eye Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20536
DORIS MEISSNER,
Commissioner of the Immigration
and Naturalization Service
425 Eye Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20536
JANET RENO
2
COMPLAINT -CLASS ACTION
Civil Action No
98- 438
Attorney General
united States Depart of Justice
loth & Constitution Aves. N.W.
Washington, D.C.
R.OBERT WALLIS
istrict Director
7080 Biscayne Blvd
Miami, Florida
Defendants.
COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY INJUNCTIVE AND MANDATORY RELIEF
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
This action is brought on behalf of individuals who are minor
united States
citizens by
birth pursuant
to
the Fourteenth
Amendment, such
individual
plaintiffs named
as
initialed and
numbered Doe plaintiffs, whose parents are subject to deportation,
and on behalf of Jose Lagos and Burij Muchnik as Guardians Ad Litem
and Best Friends representing the interests of the minor United
States citizen plaintiffs.
Plaintiffs challenge the defendants' implementation of
immigration laws as it applies to parents of United States Citizens
where these minor children would suffer extreme and unusual
hardship resulting from the deportation of their parents and
possibly themselves or the separation of the family unit. Further,
the plaintiffs contend that such deportation would unnecessarily
place the United States minor citizen plaintiffs in a position
whereby they could lose their citizenship.
Defendants have adopted and applied a variety of laws,
regulations a de facto policy of deportations the parents of U.S.
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98- 438
citizens and their U.S. cit_zen minor children.
The regulations and the de facto policy or practice adopted
by the INS erroneously and -nlawfully interpret the rights minors
of United States citizens pursuant to the Fourteenth Amendment of
the Constitution.
The INS, as is reflected in the regulations and the de facto
policy or practice, has failed to recognize that deportation of
parents of minor U.S. citizens and the U.S. children themselves is
a violation of rights of minor U.S. citizen children pursuant to
the Ninth, Tenth, and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution.
The INS has failed to recognize that an individual who is born in
the United States is a citizen but whose parents are
deported/removed from the United States and/or they are de facto
deported/removed from the United States suffers a gross violation
of their citizenship rights under the Ninth, Tenth and Fourteenth
Amendments of the Constitution of the United States.
The challenged INA sections, INS regulations, their
application, and de facto policy or practice of placing such INS
laws and regulations over the Fourteenth Amendment is a violation
of the Fourteenth Amendment and equal protection guarantee of the
Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. These illegal
laws, regulations and de facto policy and/or practice have impeded
and continue to impede the ability of people similarly situated to
Lagos by and through non-profit organizations to effectively serve
4
•
their clients, while at the same time educating them of their
rights as citizens of the United States.
The same illegal actions have directly injured individual
plaintiffs.
BACKGROUND
During the decade of the eighties and nineties, war, both
overt and covert was the nature of the day in Central America. The
government of the United States was criticized on a world wide
scale for what many perceived as support to repressive regimes
against struggles for liberation. The United States asserted that
their actions were directed against communist backed
insurrections. The United States sought an ally in the midst of
Central America and found its only one in the Country of Honduras.
The United States set up military bases and a vast network of
military and intelligence operations all of which stemmed from
Honduras. As a result those in opposition to the policy of the
United States entered Honduras, killed, harassed, threatened,
injured, stole goods, burned houses and crops and raped its
citizens and caused untold property damage. Additionally, the
United States government responded in part by granting visitors
visas to citizens of Honduras on a more generous basis than
previously, in part, as a reward reciprocal trade off for allowing
the United States to turn Honduras into a mass complex of U.S.
military bases such as Palmerola, E1 Cisne, etc. Nevertheless the
5
wars continued and military actions continued to occur inside
Honduras as it borders Nicaragua, E1 Salvador and Guatemala.
Repressive governments and government agencies were permitted to
flourish in Honduras with the overt and covert support of the
United States of America. As a result human rights abuses occurred
and thousands of Honduras fled their country for the safety of the
United States. Thousands of children were born in the United
States of America because their parents had to flee Honduras due to
the war, danger and chaos that existed in their native country, to
a great extent caused by the United States.
Today approximately eighty thousand live land mines cover
large sections of Honduras. The economy of Honduras lies in
shambles. While conditions in the society at large lack proper
educational, medical facilities and even adequate medical supplies.
Nevertheless, the U.S. citizen children and their refugee parents
from Honduras have established new lives in the United States and
become productive citizens. The parents of these U.S. citizen
children are hardworking, taxpaying and law abiding. These victims
of war, in large part because they aided the United States are now
faced with unjust deportation/removal of U.S. citizen children and
their alien parents. These U.S. citizen children are now
exercising their constitutional rights to save themselves and their
parents from the abuses of the state. Recently a dramatic
awakening has occurred within the Honduran community and the
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98- 438
general public regarding the exile Honduran community due in part
to the fact that they were excluded from a recently passed
Immigration bill known as NACARA which proported to help victims of
Communism in Central America. Additionally, the NACARA bill
retroactively took away certain forms of relief from
deportation/removal that had been available to the parents of these
U.S. citizen children.
The unconstitutional application of the INA and INS
regulations to these minor U.S. citizen children has hindered and
continues to be an obstacle to organizations such as the Honduran
Unit of the Nicaraguan Fraternity in properly instructing these
plaintiffs as to their rights. The INS does not treat these minor
U.S. citizen children in the same manner as other minor U.S.
citizen children. The plaintiffs assert that it is the intent of
the defendants to discriminate against them on the basis of their
national origin.
JURISDICTION
1. This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§
1331, 1361, and 8 U.S.C. § 1329. Plaintiffs' claim for declaratory
relief are authorized by 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 and 2202.
2. An actual case and controversy exists between plaintiffs
and defendants. The plaintiffs seek a declaration of their rights
by the Court because defendants's laws, regulations and de facto
policy or practice of deporting/removing their parents and/or
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98- 438
themselves improperly and illegally restrict the scope and fullness
of heir rights as citizens of the United States and precludes the
plaintiff class members from obtaining and enjoying such rights,
and the plaintiff guardian ad litem, Jose Lagos, from assisting
individuals in their efforts to help such individuals to accomplish
what they can as citizens of the United States.
3. Venue is proper in this judicial district pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1391 (e).
PLAINTIFFS
A. Guardian Ad Litem
4. Plaintiff Jose Lagos, ("Lagos") guardian ad litem and best
friend, is a Honduran born naturalized United States citizen, who
AftW
resides in Miami, Florida and is over the age of twenty-one.
5. Lagos, as president of the Honduras Unit of the
Nicaraguan Fraternity, Inc., a non-profit Florida corporation
provides, among other things, counseling/orientation to the
Immigrant community from Honduras.
6. Lagos, through the Honduran Unit has interviewed and
counseled\oriented more than 300 hundred minor U.S. children and
their parents. These children have a real and substantial fear
that the defendants will abscond with their parents and
deport/remove them from the United States to Honduras and/or some
other foreign 'country. Lagos, president of the Honduran Unit,
states that one hundred percent of the families whom have signed a
3
questionnaire regarding this class action suit have U.S. citizen
born children while their parent(s) are subject to immediate
incarcerationand ultimately deported/removal. Further, under
current law and policy of the defendants it is estimated by Lagos
that one hundred percent of the U.S. citizen children of this class
would effectively be subject to involuntary deportation/removal
from the United States of America; not by a legal process against
those children; but by the removal/deportation of their parents.
7. The ability of Lagos through the Honduran Unit and it's
staff to provide the Honduran community with accurate information
about citizenship rights to it's minor U.S. citizen members and
counsel them about these rights has been substantially impaired by
confusion and uncertainty resulting from INS's practice of
arresting, incarcerating and deporting/removing the parents of
these U.S. citizen children and then the U.S. citizen children
themselves. The Honduran Unit continues to face difficulties
counseling and provide orientation to U.S. citizen children who
seek advice about their ability to exercise any of their rights as
United States citizens when they and their parents are at any
moment subject tol immediate arrest, incarceration,
deportation/removal. Further, the parents of the children have
expressed their desire that law be appointed Guardian Ad Litem.
8. Lagos is now faced with the likelihood that many of these
minor U.S. citizen members and their parents will be arrested,
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98- 438
incarcerated and deported/removed. Lagos does not know how to
counsel U.S. children as to their constitutional rights when they
are subject to immediate arrest, incarceration and
deportation/removal. Any investment of time or money in pursuing
their constitutional rights will be futile since they are subject
to immediate arrest, incarceration and deportation/removal.
9. Plaintiff Burij Muchnik, ("Muchnik") guardian ad litem and
best friend, is a Honduran born naturalized United States citizen,
who resides in Miami, Florida and is over the age of twenty-one.
10. Muchnik, as vice-president of the Honduran Unit of the
Nicaraguan Fraternity, Inc., a non-profit Florida corporation
provides, among other things, counseling/orientation to the
Immigrant community from Honduras.
11. Muchnik, through the Honduran Unit has interviewed and
counseled\oriented more than 300 hundred minor U.S. children.
These children have a real and substantial fear that the defendants
will abscond with their parents and deport/remove them from the
United States to Honduras and/or some other foreign country.
Lagos, president of the Honduran Unit, states that one hundred
percent of the families whom have signed a questionnaire regarding
this class action suit have U.S. citizen born children while their
parent(s) are subject to immediate incarceration and ultimately
deported/removal. Further, under current law and policy of the
defendants it is estimated by Muchnik that one hundred percent of
10
the U.S. citizen children of this class would effectively be
subject to involuntary deportation/removal from the United States
of America; not by a legal process against those children; but by
the removal/deportation of their parents.
12. The ability of Muchnik through the Honduran Unit and it's
staff to provide the Honduran community with accurate information
about citizenship rights to it's minor U.S. citizen members and
counsel them about these rights has been substantially impaired by
confusion and uncertainty resulting from INS's practice of
arresting, incarcerating and deporting/removing the parents of
these U.S. citizen children and then the U.S. citizen children
themselves. The Honduran Unit continues to face difficulties
counseling and provide orientation to U.S. citizen children who
seek advice about their ability to exercise any of their rights as
United States citizens when they and their parents are at any
moment subject to immediate arrest, incarceration,
deportation/removal. Further, the parents of the minor plaintiffs
desire that Mr. Muchnik be appointed Guardian Ad Litem.
13. Muchnik is now faced with the likelihood that many of
these minor U.S. citizen members and their parents will be
arrested, incarcerated and deported/removed. Muchnik does not know
how to counsel U.S. children as to.their constitutional rights when
they are subject to immediate arrest, incarceration and
deportation/removal. Any investment of time or money in pursuing
11
98- 438
their constitutional rights will be futile since they are subject
to immediate arrest, incarceration and deportation/removal.
B. INDIVIDUAL PLAINTIFFS
14. S. F. A. Doe 1., is a minor child who is a citizen of the
United States of America within the meaning of the Fourteenth
Amendment. He is the Child of parent(s) who are Citizen(s) of
Honduras and who are illegally in the United States. Under current
immigration law his parent(s) are subject to immediate arrest,
incarceration and deportation/removal. He has exercised his
deliberate decision to make the United States of America his home
and has the constitutional right to do so. It is the best interest
of the Child to remain in the United States. He asserts that only
a totalitarian country would demand that he be forced to abandon
his country of nativity. He would suffer extreme and unusual
hardship if he and/or his parents were arrested, incarcerated and
deported/removed from the United States. The child is not in
violation of any immigration law. The arrest, incarceration and
deportation/removal of his parent(s) and/or himself is not in the
best interest of the child. If the parent(s) of this child were
removed or deported from the United States he would have to
inevitably abandon his country of nativity; de facto he would be
deported without any due process rights to receive any form of
relief under the Law.' There exists appealing and compelling
humanitarian factors which would support a halt to any arrest,
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98- 43,E
incarceration and deportation/removal of his parent(s) and/or
himself. The acts committed by the defendants as against the minor
U.S. citizen children are based on their parents national origin
and made with discriminatory intent.
15. The following children are also in the same conditions,
predicament and situations as is S.F.A. Doe 1. Their names have
been filed through seal but for the purposes of this complaint are
as follows: J. A. Doe 1.; S. A. Doe 2.; C. A. Doe 3.; P. A Doe 4.;
L.D.P.A. Doe 5.; Y.Y.A. Doe 6.; R.N.A. Doe 7.; C.A Doe 8.; G.S.A.
Doe 8.; K.A.A. Doe 9; M.A.A. Doe 10; A.J.A. Doe 11; G.A. Doe 12.;
M.N.G.A. Doe 13; A.A.B. Doe 14; R.A.B. Doe 15; J.L.B. Doe 16;
S.M.B. Doe 17; D.B. Doe 18; R.E.B. Doe 19; R.E.B. Doe 20; V.M.B.
Doe 21;K.K.V. Doe 22; A.S.G.B. Doe 23; I.C.C. Doe 24; J.A.C. JR.
Doe 25; A.V.C. Doe 26; C.M.C. Doe 27; N.E.B.C. Doe 28; ;S.V.C. Doe
29; J.J.C. Doe 30; C.E.0 Doe 31; D.M.C. Doe 32; M.C. Doe 33; J.C.
Doe 34; A.A.C. Doe 35; B.A.C. Doe 36; E.C. Doe 37; E.M.C. Doe 38;
J.C. Doe 39; J.C. Doe 40; V.G.C. Doe 41; A.B.C. Doe 42; C.A.C. Doe
43; J.A.C. Doe 44; K.J.C.D Doe 45; E.G.D. Doe 46;M.D. Doe 47; S.D.
Doe 48; A.J.D. Doe 49; R.D. Doe 50; A.D.E. Doe 48;G.C.E. Doe 49;
G.J.E. Doe 50; J.A.E. Doe 51; J.J.F. Doe 52 ;S.M.F. Doe 53; J.A.R.
Doe 54; J.L.C.F. Doe 55; V.R.C.F Doe 56; Y.G.Doe 57; E.S.G. Doe
58; A.J.G. Doe 59; M.'J.G. Doe 60; J.G. Doe 61; J.A.G. Doe 62;
K.E.G. Doe 63; K.G.Doe 64; A.D.G. Doe 64; C.G.G. Doe 65; C.A.G. Doe
66; C.J.G. Doe 67; S.B.H. Doe 68; C.J.H Doe 69; C.J.H. Doe 70; G.I-
13 nn
98 — �
H Doe 71; H.R.H. Doe 72; J.P.H. Doe 73; M.E.H. Doe 74; M.H. Doe 75;
N.H. Doe 76; J.H. Doe 77; J.H. Doe 78; J.H. Doe 79; J.C.H. Doe 80;
K.L.H. Doe 81; F.A.J. Doe 82;J.A.J. Doe 83; I.E.J. Doe 84; D.M.J.
Doe 85; M.J.L. Doe 86; C.R.O.L. Doe 87; J.O.L. Doe 88; J.X.L. Doe
89; O.L. Jr. Doe 90; N.J.L. Doe 91; E.R.L. Doe 92; N.Y.C.L. Doe
93; E.M.M. Doe 94; R.S.M. Doe 95; S.L.G.M. Doe 96; A.M.M. Doe 97;
E.Y.M. Doe 98; E.M. Doe 99; J.C.M. Doe 100; L.M. Doe 101; M.M. Doe
102; Y.S.M. Doe 103; D.M. Doe 104; D.Y.M. Doe 105; F.M.E.M.M. Doe
106; M.L.M. Doe 107; A.M. Doe 108; N.V.M. Doe 109; S.M. Doe 110;
S.M. Doe 111; B.M. Doe 112; E.M. 113; E.P.M. Doe 113; R.P.M. Doe
114; A.M. Doe 115; B.M. Doe 116; A.J.M. Doe 117; W.M. Doe 118;
A.E.M. Doe 119; M.M.M. Doe 120; E.F.N. Doe 121; A.R.V.O. Doe 122;
R.Y.O. Doe 123; R.Y.O. Doe 124; G.E.O. Doe 125; J.D.O. Doe 126;
J.M.O. Doe 127; M.Z.O. Doe 128; O.J.O. Doe 129; Y.S.O. Doe 130;
C.O. Doe 131; K.A.P. Doe 132; M.M.P. Doe 133; V.D.P. Doe 134;
G.J.P. Doe 135; G.Y.P. Doe 136; B.R.P. Doe 137; C.P.Doe 138; L.P.
Doe 139; C.J.P. Doe 140; H.J.P. Doe 141; J.S.P Doe 142; O.G.P. Doe
143; E.R.P. Doe 144; E.I.P. Doe 145; E.I.P. Doe 146; J.J.R. Doe
147; D.G.R. Doe 148; R.R. Doe 149; S.R. Doe 150; B.R.Doe 151;
K.J.M.R. Doe 152; R.M.M.R. Doe 153; W.M.M.R. Doe 154; R.N.T.R. Doe
155; C.R.T.R. Doe 156; J.Y.R. Doe 157; D.P.R. Doe 158; F.E.R. Doe
159; C.F.R. Doe 160; F.Y.R. Doe 161; O.A.A.R. Doe 162; Y.A.R. Doe
163; C.R. Doe 164; M.R. Doe 165; A.R.R. Doe 166; E.A.R. Doe
167;M.L.R. Doe 168; S.R.R. Doe 169; O.S. Doe 170; D.J.S. Doe 171;
14
98- 438
M.N.S. Doe 172; A.G.S. Doe 173; K.Y.S. Doe 174; A.J.S. Doe 175;
J.T. Doe 176; B.T. Doe 177; N.T. Doe 178;J.T. Doe 179; C.O.T. Doe
180; J.A.0 Doe 181; K.A.U. Doe 182; A.V. Doe 183; L.D.V. Doe 184;
L.D.V. Doe 185; M.N.V. doe 186; D.N.V. Doe 187; C.M.F.W. Doe 188;
B.A.Z. Doe 189; E.E.Z. Doe 190; E.E.Z. Doe 191; E.A.Z. Doe 192;
F.Z. JR Doe 193; L.Z. Doe 194; L.Z. Doe 195; J.Z. Doe 196.
DEFENDANTS
16. President William Jefferson Clinton ("Clinton"), is the
President of the United States of America.
17. Defendant, Immigration and Naturalization Service,
("INS") is an agency of the United States Department of Justice
charged with enforcing the provisions of the Immigration and
Nationality Act ("INA"), U.S.C.§ 1101 et. sea..
18. Defendant, Janet Reno, ("Reno") is the Attorney General
of the United States. Pursuant to § 103 of the INA (8 U.S.C. §
1103), she is charged with administering and enforcing all laws
relating to immigration and administering and enforcing all laws
relating to immigration and naturalization, and with controlling,
directing, and supervising the INS.
19. Defendant, Doris Meissner, ("Meissner") is the
Commissioner of the INS. Pursuant to § 103 or the INA, 8 U.S.C. §
1103, and C.F.R. § 2.1, she is authorized to direct the
administration of the INS, to enforce all laws relating to the
immigration and naturalization of aliens, and to issue regulations
15
98- 438
implementing the INA, and the amendments thereto contained in the
IRCA.
20. Defendant, Robert Wallis, ("Wallis") is the District
Director in the Miami, Florida office of INS. He is responsible
for implementation of INA, INS rules and regulation in Florida.
CLASS ACTIONS ALLEGATIONS
21. Individual plaintiffs bring this action on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated pursuant to Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure 23(a),23(b)(1)(B), and 23(b)(2). The
plaintiff class consists of:
All U.S. citizen children, past and future,
A) Who:
1)
Are minor
United States Citizens;
and
2)
Whose
Honduran parent(s)
are subject to
deportation\removal.
22. The requirements of Rule 23 (a), Rule 23 (b)(2) and
23(b)(1)(B) are satisfied in this case. Upon information and
belief, the class consists of at least several hundred persons and
therefore so numerous that joinder of all members is impractical.
23. There are questions of law and fact common to members of
the class. The common questions of law include whether INA
Sections 241(a)(2) and 241(a)(1)(B) as amended regarding admission
under section 101(a)(15) of the Act, its application, and the
challenged INS de facto policy or practice: (A) violate class
16
98- 438
members' right to equal protection guaranteed in the Fifth
amendment of the United States Constitution; (B) violate class
members' right to personal rights that are fundamental liberty
rights guaranteed in the Ninth Amendment of the United States
Constitution; and O violate class members' rights as citizens of
the state of Florida. The common questions of fact include whether
the INS has a de facto policy or practice of denying the
aforementioned constitutional rights to members of the plaintiff
class.
24. The claims of the representative parties named above, are
typical of the claims of the class members.
25. The above named plaintiffs will fairly and adequately
protect the interest of the class. They are represented in this
suit by counsels whose experience includes: (1) substantial federal
court litigation, and (2) representing individual clients and
assisting non-profit organizations on immigration law issues.
26. The prosecution of separate actions would adversely
affect absent class members because adjudication of the rights of
named members of the class will, as a practical matter, be
dispositive of the interests of all class members. Furthermore,
the defendants are acting or refusing to act on grounds generally
applicable to the class, thereby making appropriate final
injunctive relief and corresponding declaratory relief with respect
to the class a whole.
17
98- 43S
CONSTITUTIONAL\STATUTORY VIOLATIONS
27. The declaration of citizenship of Section 1 of the
Fourteenth Amendment to the constitution of the United States is
incorporated in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 at
section 301(a)(1), 8 U.S.C. 1401(a)(1).
28. The challenged Section 241(a)(1)(B) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act (Act), as amended, in that after admission as
a nonimmigrant under section 101(a)(15) of the Act, and Section
241(a)(2) of the Act and the de facto policy or practice of
deporting/removing the parent(s) of minor U.S. citizen children and
also U.S. citizen children on the basis of the parent(s)
immigration status are inconsistent with the incorporation of
Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States into the
Immigration and Nationality Act at section 301(a)(1), 8 U.S.C.
1401 (a) (1) .
EQUAL PROTECTION VIOLATIONS
29. Upon information and belief the INS has not applied the
principles of deporting\removing the parents of minor U.S. citizens
and such minor U.S. citizen children to other U.S. citizen
children.
30. The INS through its application of the aforementioned
sections of the INA, and the challenged de facto policy or practice
violate the applicants' right to equal protection guaranteed to
them under the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
18
1 2
FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS RELATING TO THE PLAINTIFF CLASS
31. The defendants' actions in the case of named plaintiffs,
above provide representative examples of the INS's unlawful
implementation of Section 241(a)(1)(B) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (Act), as amended, in that after admission as a
nonimmigrant under section 101(a)(15) of the Act, the plaintiffs'
parents have remained in the United States for a time longer than
permitted and Section 241(a)(2) of the Act, in that the plaintiffs'
parents entered the United States without inspection without taking
into consideration the reasons for such over stays or entry without
inspection or the best interest of the minor United States citizen
children.
32. All of the named plaintiffs are minor United States
citizen children. Their parent(s) are subject to immediate arrest,
incarceration, and deportation/removal and thus by default the
plaintiffs are subject to removal/deportation.
33. None of the plaintiffs have broken any immigration laws.
34. Plaintiffs seek declaratory and injunctive relief from
this Court because there are no adequate remedies at law to redress
their injury. Many of those class members above the age of seven
live in a constant atmosphere of fear of the state who may arrive
and at any moment arrest their parent (s), incarcerate them and
deport/remove them and the plaintiffs. Given such conditions many
of the class members are deterred from pursuing activities of other
19
98- 438
similarly situated U.S. citizen minor children. Nor are they able
to enjoy their lives, liberties and their pursuit of happiness in
the same manner of other such children whose parents are of a
different alienage. The plaintiffs seek injunctive relief from
this Court to vindicate the rights of these individuals as well to
avoid otherwise irreparable injury.
COUNT ONE
Immigration and Nationality Act
35. Plaintiffs reallege and incorporate by reference the
allegations contained in paragraphs 1 to 33.
36. Defendants unlawful INA sections, their application, and
the INS de facto policy or practice of deporting/removing minor
U.S. citizen children through the removal/deportation of their
parent(s) violates the constitutional rights of the plaintiffs, is
not in their best interest and are an abuse of authority,
unreasonable, arbitrary and capricious when viewed in the context
of the plaintiffs' constitutional rights.
COUNT TWO
Equal Protection
37. Plaintiffs reallege and incorporate by reference the
allegations contained in paragraphs 1 to 33 above.
38. Defendants' challenged Immigration and Nationality Act
Sections 241(a)(2) and 241(a)(1)(B) as amended under section
101(a)(15), its application, and the INS de facto policy or
20
98- 438
practice of arresting, incarcerating, deporting/removing the
parent(s) of minor U.S. citizen children and ultimately, de facto,
deporting/removing minor U.S. citizen children violates the rights
of the plaintiff class members to equal protection under the Fifth
Amendment to the United States Constitution.
COUNT THREE
Ninth Amendment
39. Plaintiffs reallege and incorporate by reference the
allegations contained in paragraphs 1 to 33 above.
40. Defendants' challenged Immigration and Nationality Act
sections 241(a)(2) and 241(a)(1)(B) as amended under section
101(a)(15), its application, and the INS de facto policy or
practice of arresting, incarcerating, deporting/removing the
parent(s) of U.S. citizens minor children and ultimately
deporting/removing minor U.S. citizen children violates the rights
of the plaintiff class members to the concepts of liberty which
protects personal rights that are fundamental.
COUNT FOUR
TENTH AMENDMENT
41. Plaintiffs reallege and incorporate by reference the
allegations contained in paragraphs 1 to 33 above.
42. Defendants' challenged Immigration and Nationality Act
sections 241(a)(2) and 241(a)(1)(B) as amended under section
101(a)(15), its application, and the INS de facto policy or
21
98- 438
practice of arresting, incarcerating, deporting/removing the
parent(s) of minor U.S. citizens children and ultimately, de facto,
deporting/removing minor U.S. citizen children violates the rights
of the plaintiff class members to protect their rights as citizens
of the state of Florida.
COUNT FIVE
DISCRIMINATION
43. Plaintiffs reallege and incorporate by reference the
allegations contained in paragraphs 1 to 33 above.
44. Defendants' challenged Immigration and Nationality Act
sections 241(a)(2) and 241(a)(1)(B) as amended under section
101(a)(15), its application, and the INS de facto policy or
practice of arresting, incarcerating, deporting/removing the
parent(s) of minor U.S. citizens children and ultimately, de facto,
deporting/removing minor U.S. citizen children violates the rights
of the plaintiff class members to be protected from discrimination
on the basis of national origin.
TRIAL BY JURY
45. Plaintiffs demand trial by jury of all counts where
permitted by law.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
WHEREFORE, plaintiffs pray that this Court grant the following
relief:
22
38- 438
1. Assume jurisdiction over this action;
2. Declare INA section 241(a)(2) and 241(a)(1)(B) as amended
under section=31(a)(15), its application, and the INS de facto
policy or practice of arresting, incarcerating, deporting/removing
the parents of minor U.S. citizen minor children and ultimately, de
facto, deporting/removing minor U.S. citizen children as
unconstitutional, because both violate the equal protection
guarantees of the Fifth Amendment to the United States
Constitution; the plaintiffs' rights under the Ninth and Tenth
Amendments of the United States Constitution.
3. Declare that plaintiff class members are entitled to
remain in the United States of America as full citizens of the
United States, and that they shall remain here with their
parent(s), and that they and their parent(s), shall work and live
here as free people and that those detained are set free.
4. Enjoin the INS from applying INA section 241(a)(2) and
241(a)(1)(B) as amended under section 101(a)(15), its application,
and the INS de facto policy or practice of arresting,
incarcerating, deporting/removing the parents of minor U.S.
citizens minor children and ultimately, de facto,
deporting/removing U.S. citizen children.
5. Permanently enjoin the defendants from engaging in
discriminatory acts against U.S. citizen children based on their
parents national origin.
23
98- 438
6. Issue further necessary and proper relief and other forms
of relief as are just and appropriate;
and
7. Award reasonable attorneys fees and costs to plaintiffs;
8. Retain jurisdiction over this case in the event
additional relief or action by the Court is required.
VERIFICATION
I, Jose Lagos, hereby verify that to the best of my knowledge
and belief all matters contained in the above Class Action Verified
Complaint for Declaratory, Injunctive and Mandatory Relief are true
and correct.
By: )-�4 �L
DOSE LAGOS
STATE OF FLORIDA )
)ss
COUNTY OF DADE )
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this 3rd
day of February, 1998 by JOSE LAGOS, who is personallOntiR�i)ca.ion
to me
or has presented as a photograp is i
and who did/didnot take an oath. ,
#Ott,*,
tIR`�OJOONZ"LEZ 111N
e /P ed Name
Mr co@wr we+oo 004=767 B L I C,Ecmbw Nov. 15, IMBondedbyM TE OF FLORIDA AT
eoa+r2-ISW GE
MyCommission Expires:
I, Burij Muchnik, hereby verify that to the best of my
knowledge and belief all matters contained in the above Class
24
98-- 438
Action Verified Complaint for Declaratory, Injunctive and Mandatory
Relief are true and correct. 11��\\
By:
Burij c ik
STATE OF FLORIDA )
) ss
COUNTY OF DADE )
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this 3rd
day of February, 1998 by Burij Muchnik, who is persona y n to
me or has presented as a photographic
identification, and who did/did not take an oath.
iQZet!j IRVING J OONZALEZ
Z-� My Conwninnion CC42DM
E�iee Nov. 16,1998
Bonded by MM
� 'aZ;e e00•422-ISM
My Commission Expires:,
Respect
I in J s. Gonz �
t orne r PI�Ain4�f�
Florida ar No. 806810
444 Brickell Avenue, Suite 928
Miami, Florida 33131
(305)374-4343
fax(305)374-4348
Michael FeldenkraisQ.��
ly submitted,
Attorney for Plaintiffs
Florida Bar No. 991708
12000 Biscayne Blvd., Suite 220
Miami, Florida 33181
(305) 892-9565
fax(305)892-9562
25
e
d/P me ame
RYE OF RIDA AT
E
(VU�Agrzs �"
AlforWo Oviedo Reyes
Attorney for Plaintiffs
Florida Bar No. 0478172
8370 W. Flagler Street, # 110
Miami, Florida 33144
(305)221-6422
fax(305)
Aej� 9 45wy
Melanie R. Bradyky
Attorney for Plaintiffs
D.C. Bar No. 448984
Dorsey & Associates
400 Seventh Street, N.W. # 200
Washington, D.C. 20004
(202)347-9000
fax (202)347-8857
Donald L. Schlemmer
D.C. Bar No. 414582
1815 H St. N.W.,"Suite 1110
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 833-9696
fax (202)463-3040
26
98- ` 'j8'
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COUR r
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORID a
CASE NO. 98-022 )-CIV-NESBITT
JOSE L AGOS, et al.
Iaitlticf,
VS
PRE. :DENT WILLIAM J. CLINTON,
at ;al
ORDER
THIS CAUSE -is before the Court on Plaintiffs' Motion f )r Protective Order to Allow
• 1naiVK3Ua1 Named Plaintiffs to Proceed Anonymously, fried February 3,1998. Having reviewed
the pi,-adtngs filed incident to this matter and being otherwise du y advised in the premises. it
is hereby
ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that said motion is GRANTED at this time and without
prejudice to the right of Defendants to request the right.to be hear, i on this issue at a later riate.
Accordingly, at this time and by virtue- of this Order, the individ°ial named Plaintiffs sh , 0 ;
allowed to proceed anonymously and the Court hereby issues a Pt otective Order prohibiting the
corrummir-ation -of -aykiantifying detailsAs to the individual. name i.Plainfiffs' identity to anyone
outside of the CourL
DONE AND ORDERED on February�V, 1998, in Chambf rs, at Miami, Florida.
LINNEA R. JOHNSOt I
UNITED STATES MA 3ISTRATE JUDGE
CC: The Honorable Lenore C. Nesbitt
Counsel of Record
98 r,.438
r
UNITED 'TATES DISTRICT COUR r
SOUTHL.. I DISTRICT OF FLORID a
CASE NO. 98-022i)-CIV-NESS117
.DOSE LAC:OS, at a(,
Plaintiff,
PRLSIUCN i WILLIAM J. CLINTON,
Defendant.
i
ORDER
THIS CAUSE is before the Court on Plaintiffs' Motion to Seal, filed Febfi-iE ;
1999. Having reviewed the pleadings fried incident to this matter and being otherviise r:,.;i-,
advisLd in the premises, it is hereby
ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that said motion is GRANTED.
DONE AND ORDERED on February 9, 1998, in Chart bers, at Miami. F',-vid a.
LINOEA'R. JOHNS04
UNITED STATES WGiSTRATE•JUDGE
CC: The Honorable Lenore C. Nesbitt
Counsel of Record
98- 48